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The Michaelis–Becker reaction is the reaction of a hydrogen phosphonate with a base, followed by a nucleophilic substitution of phosphorus on a haloalkane, to give an alkyl phosphonate. Yields of this reaction are often lower than the corresponding Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Lanthanum(III) iodide is very soluble in water and is deliquescent. Anhydrous lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with tetrahydrofuran to form a photoluminescent complex, LaI(THF), with an average La–I bond length of 3.16 Å. This complex is a starting material for amide and cyclopentadienyl complexes of lanthanum. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Molecules in distant astronomical regions can be identified based on their unique rotational transitions, of which the corresponding microwave frequencies are detectable by antennae on Earth. The presence of interstellar sulfur mononitride was first reported in 1975 by back to back letters published in the Astrophysica... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
LSAT is the most common name for the inorganic compound lanthanum aluminate - strontium aluminium tantalate, which has the chemical formula (LaAlO)(SrTaAlO) or its less common alternative: (LaSr)(AlTa)O. LSAT is a hard, optically transparent oxide of the elements lanthanum, aluminium, strontium and tantalum. LSAT has ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Cadmium sulfide is toxic, especially dangerous when inhaled as dust, and cadmium compounds in general are classified as carcinogenic. Problems of biocompatibility have been reported when CdS is used as colors in tattoos. CdS has an LD of approximately 7,080 mg/kg in rats - which is higher than other cadmium compounds ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The advantage of “arming” and “disarming” glycosyl donors lies in their synthetic use. By disarming the glycosyl, a selective coupling can be achieved. The disarmed portion of the disaccharide can then be armed through selective deprotection. The disaccharide can then be coupled to a disarmed sugar. This process can be... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone alkylation begins with the synthesis of the hydrazone from a N,N-dialkylhydrazine and a ketone or aldehyde
The hydrazone is then deprotonated on the α-carbon position by a strong base, such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), leading to the formation of a resonance stabilized anion - an az... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Electrophilic, soluble alkylating agents are often toxic and carcinogenic, due to their tendency to alkylate DNA. This mechanism of toxicity is relevant to the function of anti-cancer drugs in the form of alkylating antineoplastic agents. Some chemical weapons such as mustard gas (sulfide of dichloroethyl) function as ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The IUPAC nomenclature systematically naming nitrogen compounds by identifying hydronitrogen chains, analogous to the alkane nomenclature. Unbranched, saturated hydronitrogen chains are named with a Greek numerical prefix for the number of nitrogens and the suffix "-azane" for hydronitrogens with single bonds, or "-aze... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Monoalkyl boranes are relatively rare. When the alkyl group is small, such as methyl, the monoalkylboranes tend to redistribute to give mixtures of diborane and di- and trialkylboranes. Monoalkylboranes typically exist as dimers of the form [RBH]. One example is thexylborane (ThxBH), produced by the hydroboration of t... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The molecular structures of nontrigonal pnictogen compounds reveal the steric strain in these molecules, and significantly differing bond angles at the pnictogen atoms indicate a considerable distortion of the coordination spheres.
In particular, the geometry at the central part of these compounds deviate strongly from... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Trifluoromethylation in organic chemistry describes any organic reaction that introduces a trifluoromethyl group in an organic compound. Trifluoromethylated compounds are of some importance in pharmaceutical industry and agrochemicals. Several notable pharmaceutical compounds have a trifluoromethyl group incorporated: ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
A variety of heteroatom-containing substituents promote lateral lithiation of an ortho methyl group. Generally, better results are obtained when the heteroatom is in the β position rather than the α position, as the latter tends to promote ortho lithiation. Lithation of primary benzylic positions is slower than lithiat... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In organic chemistry glycerolysis refers to any process in which chemical bonds are broken via a reaction with glycerol. The term refers almost exclusively to the transesterification reaction of glycerol with triglycerides (fats/oils) to form mixtures of monoglycerides and diglycerides. These find a variety of uses; as... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Digallane (systematically named digallane(6)) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written or ). It is the dimer of the monomeric compound gallane. The eventual preparation of the pure compound, reported in 1989,
was hailed as a "tour de force." Digallane had been reported as early as 1941 by Wibe... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Potassium bifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula . This colourless salt consists of the potassium cation () and the bifluoride anion (). The salt is used as an etchant for glass. Sodium bifluoride is related and is also of commercial use as an etchant as well as in cleaning products. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
It can be produced by heating KSO with carbon (coke):
:KSO + 4 C → KS + 4 CO
In the laboratory, pure KS may be prepared by the reaction of potassium and sulfur in anhydrous ammonia.
Sulfide is highly basic, consequently KS completely and irreversibly hydrolyzes in water according to the following equation:
:KS ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Miura et al. reported the cross coupling of vinyl bromides with an alkenyl carboxylic acid using a palladium catalyst. Some of the conjugated dienes prepared were reported to exhibit solid state fluorescence. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hydrogen cyanide was first isolated from a blue pigment (Prussian blue) which had been known since 1706, but whose structure was unknown. It is now known to be a coordination polymer with a complex structure and an empirical formula of hydrated ferric ferrocyanide. In 1752, the French chemist Pierre Macquer made the im... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Cobalt chloride is fairly soluble in water. Under atmospheric pressure, the mass concentration of a saturated solution of in water is about 54% at the boiling point, 120.2 °C; 48% at 51.25 °C; 35% at 25 °C; 33% at 0 °C; and 29% at −27.8 °C.
Diluted aqueous solutions of contain the species , besides chloride ions. C... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Methane was premixed with fuel in the form of either O, NO, or air and burned at ambient pressure. The source of nitrogen was introduced by addition of 1-5 mole% NH gas and sulfur by 0.01-0.5 mol% HS or SF gas. A steady state concentration of NS within the flame front is observed by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spe... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Helferich method may refer to:
#Glycosylation of an alcohol using a glycosyl acetate as glycosyl donor and a Lewis acid (e.g. a metal halide) as promoter
#Glycosylation of an alcohol using a glycosyl halide as a glycosyl donor and a mercury salt as promoter (cf the Koenigs-Knorr reaction, which uses silver salts as... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
A glycosyl donor is a carbohydrate mono- or oligosaccharide that will react with a suitable glycosyl acceptor to form a new glycosidic bond. By convention, the donor is the member of this pair that contains the resulting anomeric carbon of the new glycosidic bond. The resulting reaction is referred to as a glycosylatio... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The most well-known example of a coarctate transition state is that of the epoxidation of an olefin by dimethyldioxirane. In this transition state, the oxygen atom transferred to the olefin forms a cycle with the acetone leaving group and a cycle with the olefin undergoing epoxidation. Another well-studied reaction i... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Borate esters are organic compounds, which are conveniently prepared by the stoichiometric condensation reaction of boric acid with alcohols (or their chalcogen analogs). | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Payne rearrangement occurs with inversion of stereochemistry at C-2. Substrates containing multiple adjacent hydroxyl groups may undergo "cascade" epoxide migrations with inversion at each site of nucleophilic attack. In one example, inversion of three contiguous stereocenters results after two epoxide migrations, ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The WGSR has been extensively studied for over a hundred years. The kinetically relevant mechanism depends on the catalyst composition and the temperature. Two mechanisms have been proposed: an associative Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism and a redox mechanism. The redox mechanism is generally regarded as kinetically rel... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Carboamination is an efficient method to access nitrogen-containing molecules, especially N-heterocycles. (+)-Preussin, a pyrrolidine alkaloid, can be easily prepared via this methodology.
(–)-Tylophorine is another example, which can be synthesized using carboamination reaction. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Because the Edman degradation proceeds from the N-terminus of the protein, it will not work if the N-terminus has been chemically modified (e.g. by acetylation or formation of pyroglutamic acid). Sequencing will stop if a non-α-amino acid is encountered (e.g. isoaspartic acid), since the favored five-membered ring inte... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The asymmetric hydrogenation of indoles has been established with N-Boc protection.
<br />
A Pd(TFA)/H8-BINAP system achieves the enantioselective cis-hydrogenation of 2,3- and 2-substituted indoles.
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Akin to the behavior of indoles, pyrroles can be converted to pyrrolidines by asymmetric hydrogenation.
<br /> | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Decarboxylative cross coupling reactions are chemical reactions in which a carboxylic acid is reacted with an organic halide to form a new carbon-carbon bond, concomitant with loss of CO. Aryl and alkyl halides participate. Metal catalyst, base, and oxidant are required.
A significant advantage of this reaction is that... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
For catalytic hydroboration, pinacolborane and catecholborane are widely used. They also exhibit higher reactivity toward alkynes. Pinacolborane is also widely used in a catalyst-free hydroborations. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In the solid state of their salts, metaborate ions are often oligomeric or polymeric, conceptually resulting from the fusion of two or more through shared oxygen atoms. In these anions, the boron atom forms covalent bonds with either three or four oxygen atoms. Some of the structures are:
* A trimer with formula or ,... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Similar principles guide the lowest energy conformations of larger ring systems. Along with the acyclic stereocontrol principles outlined below, subtle interactions between remote substituents in large rings, analogous to those observed for 8-10 membered rings, can influence the conformational preferences of a molecule... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Reactions involving palladium(II) acetate and phosphine ligands proceed by a third mechanism, the anionic pathway. Base mediates the oxidation of a phosphine ligand by palladium(II) to a phosphine oxide. Oxidative addition then generates the anionic palladium complex IX. Loss of halide leads to neutral complex X, which... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Praseodymium(III) oxalate is used as an intermediate product in the synthesis of praseodymium. It is also applied to colour some glasses and enamels. If mixed with certain other materials, the compound paints glass intense yellow. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In hydrothermal liquefaction processes, long carbon chain molecules in biomass are thermally cracked and oxygen is removed in the form of HO (dehydration) and CO (decarboxylation). These reactions result in the production of high H/C ratio bio-oil. Simplified descriptions of dehydration and decarboxylation reactions ca... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hydrogen bromide (along with hydrobromic acid) is produced by combining hydrogen and bromine at temperatures between 200 and 400 °C. The reaction is typically catalyzed by platinum or asbestos. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
HDAC11 has been shown to be related to HDACs 3 and 8, but its overall sequence is quite different from the other HDACs, leading it to be in its own category. HDAC11 has a catalytic domain located in its N-terminus. It has not been found incorporated in any HDAC complexes such as Nurd or SMRT which means it may have a s... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Sodium hydroxide is traditionally used in soap making (cold process soap, saponification). It was made in the nineteenth century for a hard surface rather than liquid product because it was easier to store and transport.
For the manufacture of biodiesel, sodium hydroxide is used as a catalyst for the transesterificatio... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A particularly common α-substitution reaction in the laboratory is the halogenation of aldehydes and ketones at their α positions by reaction Cl, Br or I in acidic solution. Bromine in acetic acid solvent is often used.
Remarkably, ketone halogenation also occurs in biological systems, particularly in marine alga, wher... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Lanthanum also forms a diiodide, LaI. It is an electride and is best formulated {La,2I,e}, with the electron delocalised in a conduction band. Several other lanthanides form similar compounds, including CeI, PrI and GdI. Lanthanum diiodide adopts the same tetragonal crystal structure as PrI.
Lanthanum(III) iodide react... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Lead azide in its pure form was first prepared by Theodor Curtius in 1891. Due to sensitivity and stability concerns, the dextrinated form of lead azide (MIL-L-3055) was developed in the 1920s and 1930s with large scale production by DuPont Co beginning in 1932. Detonator development during World War II resulted in the... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Trimethylboroxine is used in the methylation of various aryl halides through palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions:
Another form of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction exhibits selectivity to aryl chlorides:
Boroxines have also been examined as precursors to monomeric oxoborane, HB≡O. This compound qui... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Methylation sometimes involve use of nucleophilic methyl reagents. Strongly nucleophilic methylating agents include methyllithium () or Grignard reagents such as methylmagnesium bromide (). For example, will add methyl groups to the carbonyl (C=O) of ketones and aldehyde.:
Milder methylating agents include tetramethy... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The WGSR is a highly valuable industrial reaction that is used in the manufacture of ammonia, hydrocarbons, methanol, and hydrogen. Its most important application is in conjunction with the conversion of carbon monoxide from steam reforming of methane or other hydrocarbons in the production of hydrogen. In the Fischer–... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Amine alkylation (amino-dehalogenation) is a type of organic reaction between an alkyl halide and ammonia or an amine. The reaction is called nucleophilic aliphatic substitution (of the halide), and the reaction product is a higher substituted amine. The method is widely used in the laboratory, but less so industriall... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The nucleophiles used are typically generated from precursors (pronucleophiles) in situ after their deprotonation with base. These nucleophiles are then subdivided into "hard" and "soft" nucleophiles using a paradigm for describing nucleophiles that largely rests on the Acid dissociation constant| of their conjugate ac... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Tetraselenium tetranitride is the inorganic compound with the formula . Like the analogous tetrasulfur tetranitride , is an orange solid. It is however less soluble and more shock-sensitive than .
As determined by X-ray crystallography, adopts a cage structure similar to that of . The Se−Se and Se−N distances are 2.7... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
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