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Lead azide is highly sensitive and usually handled and stored under water in insulated rubber containers. It will explode after a fall of around 150 mm (6 in) or in the presence of a static discharge of 7 millijoules. Its detonation velocity is around .
Ammonium acetate and sodium dichromate are used to destroy small q... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Magnesium oxalate is a skin and eye irritant. If inhaled, it will irritate the lungs and mucous membranes. Magnesium oxalate has no known chronic effects nor any carcinogenic effects. Magnesium oxalate is non-flammable and stable, but in fire conditions it will give off toxic fumes. According to OSHA, magnesium oxal... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Ninhydrin reacts with amino acids and amines to form a colored compound "Ruhemann's purple" (RP). Spraying with a zinc chloride solution forms a 1:1 complex RP:, which is more readily detected as it fluoresces more intensely than RP. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Boric acid reacts with alcohols to form borate esters, where R is alkyl or aryl. The reaction is typically driven by a dehydrating agent, such as concentrated sulfuric acid:
: + 3 ROH → + 3 | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation states. The reverse of disproportionation, such as when a compound in an intermediate oxidation state is formed fr... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
GaN dust is an irritant to skin, eyes and lungs. The environment, health and safety aspects of gallium nitride sources (such as trimethylgallium and ammonia) and industrial hygiene monitoring studies of MOVPE sources have been reported in a 2004 review.
Bulk GaN is non-toxic and biocompatible. Therefore, it may be used... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The best Lewis structure for an oxocarbenium ion contains an oxygen–carbon double bond, with the oxygen atom attached to an additional group and consequently taking on a formal positive charge. In the language of canonical structures (or "resonance"), the polarization of the π bond is described by a secondary carbocat... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Bone ash is a white material produced by the calcination of bones. Typical bone ash consists of about 55.82% calcium oxide, 42.39% phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.79% water. The exact composition of these compounds varies depending upon the type of bones being used, but generally the formula for bone ash is Ca(OH)(PO). Bon... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Orthoboric acid was first prepared by Wilhelm Homberg (1652–1715) from borax, by the action of mineral acids, and was given the name ("sedative salt of Homberg"). However boric acid and borates have been used since the time of the ancient Greeks for cleaning, preserving food, and other activities. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Hydrogen cyanide forms in at least limited amounts from many combinations of hydrogen, carbon, and ammonia. Hydrogen cyanide is produced in large quantities by several processes and is a recovered waste product from the manufacture of acrylonitrile. In 2006, between 500 million and 1 billion pounds (between 230,000 and... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass, and other macromolecules, into crude-like oil under moderate temperature and high pressure. The crude-like oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of 33.8-36.9 MJ/kg and 5-20 wt% oxygen and renewable chemic... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Two systems exist for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-substituted quinolines with isolated yields generally greater than 80% and ee values generally greater than 90%. The first is an iridium(I)/chiral phosphine/I system, first reported by Zhou et al.. While the first chiral phosphine used in this system was MeOBiPhep... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Reductions with diimide are a chemical reactions that convert unsaturated organic compounds to reduced alkane products. In the process, diimide () is oxidized to dinitrogen. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The primary industrial use of boric acid is in the manufacture of monofilament fiberglass usually referred to as textile fiberglass. Textile fiberglass is used to reinforce plastics in applications that range from boats, to industrial piping to computer circuit boards.
Boric Acid is used as a Nuclear Poison in modern P... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A mannose sugar is added to the first tryptophan residue in the sequence W–X–X–W (W indicates tryptophan; X is any amino acid). A C-C bond is formed between the first carbon of the alpha-mannose and the second carbon of the tryptophan. However, not all the sequences that have this pattern are mannosyl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Synthesis of nucleosides involves the coupling of a nucleophilic, heterocyclic base with an electrophilic sugar. The silyl-Hilbert-Johnson (or Vorbrüggen) reaction, which employs silylated heterocyclic bases and electrophilic sugar derivatives in the presence of a Lewis acid, is the most common method for forming nucle... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Although 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a useful method for the generation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds, few methods exist to synthesize five-membered carbocyclic rings in a single step via annulation. Most of these, like TMM cycloaddition, rely on the generation of a suitable three-atom component for combinat... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Holmium titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula HoTiO.
Holmium titanate is a spin ice material like dysprosium titanate and holmium stannate. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Under atmospheric pressure mercuric oxide has two crystalline forms: one is called montroydite (orthorhombic, 2/m 2/m 2/m, Pnma), and the second is analogous to the sulfide mineral cinnabar (hexagonal,
hP6, P3221); both are characterized by Hg-O chains. At pressures above 10 GPa both structures convert to a tetragonal ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In the synthesis of the cytotoxic germacranolide sesquiterpene eucannabinolide, Still demonstrates the application of the peripheral attack model to the reduction of a ketone to set a new stereocenter using NaBH. Significantly, the synthesis of eucannabinolide relied on the usage of molecular mechanics (MM2) computati... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The PROX process allows for the reaction of CO with oxygen, reducing CO concentration from approximately 0.5–1.5% in the feed gas to less than 10 ppm.
:2CO + O → 2CO
Due to the prevalent presence of hydrogen in the feed gas, the competing, undesired combustion of hydrogen will also occur to some degree:
:2H + O →... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Radical cyclization reactions produce mono- or polycyclic products through the action of radical intermediates. Because they are intramolecular transformations, they are often very rapid and selective. Selective radical generation can be achieved at carbons bound to a variety of functional groups, and reagents used to ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Ammonium perrhenate is weak oxidizer. It slowly reacts with hydrochloric acid:
:NHReO + 6 HCl → NH[ReClO] + Cl ↑ + 3HO.
It is reduced to metallic Re upon heating under hydrogen:
:2 NHReO + 7 H → 2 Re + 8 HO + 2 NH
Ammonium perrhenate decomposes to volatile ReO starting at 250 °C. When heated in a sealed tube at 500 °C,... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The hybrid sulfur cycle (HyS) is a two-step water-splitting process intended to be used for hydrogen production. Based on sulfur oxidation and reduction, it is classified as a hybrid thermochemical cycle because it uses an electrochemical (instead of a thermochemical) reaction for one of the two steps. The remaining t... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Unsaturated carbohydrates are desired as they are versatile building blocks that can be used in a variety of reactions. For example, they can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of natural products, or as dienophiles in the Diels-Alder reaction, or as precursors in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. The Tipson–Co... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The volatility of the tetrachloride and tetraiodide complexes of Ti(IV) is exploited in the purification of titanium by the Kroll and van Arkel–de Boer processes, respectively.
Metal halides act as Lewis acids. Ferric and aluminium chlorides are catalysts for the Friedel-Crafts reaction, but due to their low cost, they... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Common borate salts include sodium metaborate (NaBO) and borax. Borax is soluble in water, so mineral deposits only occur in places with very low rainfall. Extensive deposits were found in Death Valley and shipped with twenty-mule teams from 1883 to 1889. In 1925, deposits were found at Boron, California on the edge of... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Pentaoxidane is an inorganic compound of hydrogen and oxygen with the chemical formula . This is one of the most unstable hydrogen polyoxides. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Fluoroform (CFH) has been employed as a trifluoromethylation reagent for aldehydes in combination with a strong base. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Homoleptic complexes (complexes with only chloride ligands) are often common reagents. Almost all examples are anions. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The industrial production of fluorine entails the electrolysis of molten and . The electrolysis of was first used by Henri Moissan in 1886. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The mechanism of epoxidation with dioxiranes most likely involves concerted oxygen transfer through a spiro transition state. As oxygen transfer occurs, the plane of the oxirane is perpendicular to and bisects the plane of the alkene pi system. The configuration of the alkene is maintained in the product, ruling out lo... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
There is no limit to the number of possible organic reactions and mechanisms. However, certain general patterns are observed that can be used to describe many common or useful reactions. Each reaction has a stepwise reaction mechanism that explains how it happens, although this detailed description of steps is not alwa... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Modern high-pressure thermal cracking operates at absolute pressures of about 7,000 kPa. An overall process of disproportionation can be observed, where "light", hydrogen-rich products are formed at the expense of heavier molecules which condense and are depleted of hydrogen. The actual reaction is known as homolytic f... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
After decades of research, EMPA researchers and others are experimenting with concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the thermal storage or seasonal reservoir medium for power plants and domestic space-heating. If water is added to solid or concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH), heat is released. The dilution is exothe... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The main borate anions are:
* tetrahydroxyborate , found in sodium tetrahydroxyborate .
* orthoborate , found in trisodium orthoborate
* , found in the calcium yttrium borosilicate oxyapatite
* perborate , as in sodium perborate
* metaborate or its cyclic trimer , found in sodium metaborate
* diborate , found in ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Calcium hydroxide is commonly used to prepare lime mortar.
One significant application of calcium hydroxide is as a flocculant, in water and sewage treatment. It forms a fluffy charged solid that aids in the removal of smaller particles from water, resulting in a clearer product. This application is enabled by the low ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
was first prepared in 1835 by M. Gregory by the reaction of disulfur dichloride with ammonia, a process that has been optimized:
Coproducts of this reaction include heptasulfur imide () and elemental sulfur. A related synthesis employs instead:
An alternative synthesis entails the use of as a precursor with pre-forme... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Several commodity chemicals are produced by alkylation. Included are several fundamental benzene-based feedstocks such as ethylbenzene (precursor to styrene), cumene (precursor to phenol and acetone), linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (for detergents). | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The reaction mechanism was first investigated by Scott Searles and coworkers at the University of Missouri. Overall, the reaction can be thought of as a reductive coupling of the carbonyl compound and the terminal alkyne. In the Crabbé reaction, the secondary amine serves as the hydride donor, which results in the fo... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Macrocyclic rings containing sp centers display a conformational preference for the sp centers to avoid transannular nonbonded interactions by orienting perpendicular to the plan of the ring. Clark W. Still proposed that the ground state conformations of macrocyclic rings, containing the energy minimized orientation o... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The use of zinc chloride as a flux, sometimes in a mixture with ammonium chloride (see also Zinc ammonium chloride), involves the production of HCl and its subsequent reaction with surface oxides.
Zinc chloride reacts with metal oxides (MO) to give derivatives of the idealized formula . This reaction is relevant to the... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A solution of sulfur tetrafluoride in hydrogen fluoride converts hydroxy-containing amino acids to the fluoro amino acids:
When vicinal diols are combined with SF, difluorination occurs with inversion of configuration at only one of the alcohols. This was demonstrated in the synthesis of meso-difluorosuccinate from (L... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Alkyne activation with π–acidic metals such as Au or Pt is a conventional method in complex organic manifold synthesis, however how this activation exacts reactivity is not fully understood and thus mechanism is largely proposed on the basis of reaction outcome and theoretical calculations. Cationic Au(I) and Pt(II) ca... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
C-alkylation is a process for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The largest example of this takes place in the alkylation units of petrochemical plants, which convert low-molecular-weight alkenes into high octane gasoline components. Electron-rich species such as phenols are also commonly alkylated to produce a var... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Radical cyclization reactions are organic chemical transformations that yield cyclic products through radical intermediates. They usually proceed in three basic steps: selective radical generation, radical cyclization, and conversion of the cyclized radical to product. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In an alkene ring that does not contain an oxygen atom, any large substituent prefers to be in an equatorial position, in order to minimize steric effects. It has been observed in rings containing oxocarbenium ions that electronegative substituents prefer the axial or pseudo-axial positions. When the electronegative at... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In addition to the use of strong bases, enolates can be generated using a Lewis acid and a weak base ("soft conditions"):
For deprotonation to occur, the stereoelectronic requirement is that the alpha-C-H sigma bond must be able to overlap with the pi* orbital of the carbonyl: | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Gallium arsenide is an important semiconductor material for high-cost, high-efficiency solar cells and is used for single-crystalline thin-film solar cells and for multi-junction solar cells.
The first known operational use of GaAs solar cells in space was for the Venera 3 mission, launched in 1965. The GaAs solar cell... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Lanthanum(III) iodide can be synthesised by the reaction of lanthanum metal with mercury(II) iodide:
:2 La + 3 HgI → 2 LaI + 3 Hg
It can also be prepared from the elements, that is by the reaction of metallic lanthanum with iodine:
:2 La + 3 I → 2 LaI
While lanthanum(III) iodide solutions can be generated by dissolving... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Sodium iodide is used for conversion of alkyl chlorides into alkyl iodides. This method, the Finkelstein reaction, relies on the insolubility of sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction:
::R–Cl + NaI → R–I + NaCl | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The electronic structures of Fe(SCNMe)(NE), where E=O, S, or Se were calculated using Density Functional Theory methods. It was found that the large Mulliken spin density remained concentrated on the Fe(NE) core and Fe-N distances experienced little change from the chalcogen atom used. The HOMO of both nitrosyl and thi... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Because the substituents attached to the imine nitrogen exert a profound influence on reactivity, few general catalyst systems exist for the enantioselective hydrogenation of imines and imine derivatives. However, catalyst systems have been developed that catalyze hydrogenation of particular classes of imines with high... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Aminosulfuranes compare favorably with many of the other fluorination methods available. They are easier to handle than sulfur tetrafluoride; however SF does not promote cationic rearrangements. With respect to carboxylic acids, aminosulfuranes and SF are complementary: the former gives acid fluorides, while the latter... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Ammonia is explosive when mixed with air (15 – 25%). Other lower azanes can also form explosive mixtures with air. The lighter liquid azanes are highly flammable; this risk increases with the length of the nitrogen chain. One consideration for detection and risk control is that ammonia is lighter than air, creating the... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Oxidation with dioxiranes refers to the introduction of oxygen into organic molecules through the action of a dioxirane. Dioxiranes are well known for their oxidation of alkenes to epoxides; however, they are also able to oxidize other unsaturated functionality, heteroatoms, and alkane C-H bonds. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The von Braun reaction is an organic reaction in which a tertiary amine reacts with cyanogen bromide to an organocyanamide.
An example is the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-1-naphthylamine:
These days, most chemist have replaced cyanogen bromide reagent with chloroethyl chloroformate reagent instead. It appears as though Ol... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
At low temperatures, has an A- hexagonal crystal structure. The metal atoms are surrounded by a 7 coordinate group of atoms, the oxygen ions are in an octahedral shape around the metal atom and there is one oxygen ion above one of the octahedral faces. On the other hand, at high temperatures lanthanum oxide converts... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Zinc chloride dissolves readily in water to give species and some free chloride. Aqueous solutions of are acidic: a 6 M aqueous solution has a pH of 1. The acidity of aqueous solutions relative to solutions of other Zn salts (say the sulfate) is due to the formation of the tetrahedral chloro aqua complexes where the... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction.
In the related Cannizzaro ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
To a cold (–78°) stirred solution of lithium diisopropylamide (1.4–1.5 mmol/mmol of ketone) in dry THF (4 mL/mmol of base) under an atmosphere of argon was added slowly a solution of n-butyl-trans-2-vinylcyclopropyl ketone (1.19 mmol) in dry THF (1 mL/mmol of ketone), and the resulting solution was stirred at –78° for ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In 1970-75, Giguère et al. observed infrared and Raman spectra of dilute aqueous solutions of trioxidane. In 2005, trioxidane was observed experimentally by microwave spectroscopy in a supersonic jet. The molecule exists in a skewed structure, with an oxygen–oxygen–oxygen–hydrogen dihedral angle of 81.8°. The oxygen–ox... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Elaidinization is any chemical reaction which convert a cis- olefin to a trans- olefin in unsaturated fatty acids. This is often performed on fats and oils to increase both the melting point and the shelf life without reducing the degree of unsaturation. The term originates from elaidic acid, the trans-isomer of oleic... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Boric acid is used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison. The boron in boric acid reduces the probability of thermal fission by absorbing some thermal neutrons. Fission chain reactions are generally driven by the probability that free neutrons will result in fission and is determined by the material and geom... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Lanthanum oxide can crystallize in at least three polymorphs.
Hexagonal has been produced by spray pyrolysis of lanthanum chloride.
An alternative route to obtaining hexagonal involves precipitation of nominal from aqueous solution using a combination of 2.5% and the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by he... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
* The Tishchenko reaction of acetaldehyde gives the commercially important solvent ethyl acetate. The reaction is catalyzed by aluminium alkoxides.
* The Tishchenko reaction is used to obtain isobutyl isobutyrate, a specialty solvent.
* Hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester is produced by a Tishchenko reaction fr... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Xenon dioxide, or xenon(IV) oxide, is a compound of xenon and oxygen with formula XeO which was synthesized in 2011. It is synthesized at 0 °C by hydrolysis of xenon tetrafluoride in aqueous sulfuric acid: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Ester pyrolysis in organic chemistry is a vacuum pyrolysis reaction converting esters containing a β-hydrogen atom into the corresponding carboxylic acid and the alkene. The reaction is an E elimination and operates in a syn fashion.
Examples include the synthesis of acrylic acid from ethyl acrylate at 590 °C, the synt... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Thus, although many zinc salts have different formulas and different crystal structures, these salts behave very similarly in aqueous solution. For example, solutions prepared from any of the polymorphs of , as well as other halides (bromide, iodide), and the sulfate can often be used interchangeably for the preparatio... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Cobalt chloride is a common visual moisture indicator due to its distinct colour change when hydrated. The colour change is from some shade of blue when dry, to a pink when hydrated, although the shade of colour depends on the substrate and concentration. It is impregnated into paper to make test strips for detecting m... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodized table salt contains 10 ppm iodide. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In stereochemistry, macrocyclic stereocontrol refers to the directed outcome of a given intermolecular or intramolecular chemical reaction that is governed by the conformational preference of a macrocycle (a molecule containing a ring of 8 or more atoms). | 0 | Organic Reactions |
GaAs can be used for various transistor types:
* Metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET)
* High-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)
* Junction field-effect transistor (JFET)
* Heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT)
* Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)
The HBT can be used in integra... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Praseodymium(III) fluoride forms pale green crystals of trigonal system (or hexagonal system), space group P 3c1, (or P 6/mcm), cell parameters a = 0.7078 nm, c = 0.7239 nm, Z = 6, structure like cerium(III) fluoride (CeF). | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Plutonium selenide forms black crystals of a cubic system, space group Fmm, cell parameters a = 0.57934 nm, Z = 4, structure of the NaCl type.
With increasing pressure, two phase transitions occur: at 20 GPa into the trigonal system and at 35 GPa into the cubic system, a structure of the CsCl type.
Its magnetic suscept... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A coarctate reaction is a concerted reaction whose transition state involves two rings, in which at least one atom undergoes the simultaneous making and breaking of two bonds. It is an uncommon reaction topology, compared with linear topology and pericyclic topology (itself subdivided into Hückel and Möbius topologies)... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
* Mercury(I) chloride disproportionates upon UV-irradiation:
* Phosphorous acid disproportionates upon heating to 200°C to give phosphoric acid and phosphine:
* Desymmetrizing reactions are sometimes referred to as disproportionation, as illustrated by the thermal degradation of bicarbonate:
:: The oxidation numbers re... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
There are different enzymes to remove the glycans from the proteins or remove some part of the sugar chain.
* α2-3,6,8,9-Neuraminidase (from Arthrobacter ureafaciens): cleaves all non-reducing terminal branched and unbranched sialic acids.
* β1,4-Galactosidase (from Streptococcus pneumoniae): releases only β1,4-linked,... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Cadmium sulfide can be dissolved in acids.
:CdS + 2 HCl → CdCl + HS
When solutions of sulfide containing dispersed CdS particles are irradiated with light, hydrogen gas is generated:
: HS → H + S ΔH = +9.4 kcal/mol
The proposed mechanism involves the electron/hole pairs created when incident light is abso... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
At high pressure, zirconium tungstate undergoes a series of phase transitions, first to an amorphous phase, and then to a UO-type phase, in which the zirconium and tungsten atoms are disordered. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In 2006 Goossen et al. proposed a reaction to synthesize biaryl compounds via catalytic decarboxylative cross coupling.
The mechanism involves two overlapping cycles, one using a copper halide and the other using palladium. The decarboxylation step occurs between the substituted benzoic acid and copper halide to form t... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Reduction by alkoxyaluminium hydrides is thought in most cases to proceed by a polar mechanism. Hydride transfer to the organic substrate generates an organic anion, which is neutralized either by protic solvent or upon acidic workup.
Reductions of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds may occur in a 1,2 sense (direct add... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Crich β-mannosylation in organic chemistry is a synthetic strategy which is used in carbohydrate synthesis to generate a 1,2-cis-glycosidic bond. This type of linkate is generally very difficult to make, and specific methods like the Crich β-mannosylation are used to overcome these issues. The technique takes its n... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
These sterically constrained phosphorus compounds show remarkable reactivity towards protic reagents such as primary amines and alcohols, which results in intermolecular oxidative addition of these O−H and N−H bonds. This reaction tolerates a variety of different substrates, including ammonia and water. Two mechanisms ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Because most heterocyclic bases contain multiple nucleophilic sites, site selectivity is an important issue in nucleoside synthesis. Purine bases, for instance, react kinetically at N and thermodynamically at N (see Eq. (4)). Glycosylation of thymine with protected 1-acetoxy ribose produced 60% of the N nucleoside and ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Crabbé reaction (or Crabbé allene synthesis, Crabbé–Ma allene synthesis) is an organic reaction that converts a terminal alkyne and aldehyde (or, sometimes, a ketone) into an allene in the presence of a soft Lewis acid catalyst (or stoichiometric promoter) and secondary amine. Given continued developments in scope... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis is a method for synthesizing indole from a (substituted) ortho-nitrocinnamic acid and iron powder in strongly basic solution. This reaction was discovered by Adolf von Baeyer and Adolph Emmerling in 1869. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The NS radical is a highly transient species, with a lifetime on the order of milliseconds, but it can be observed spectroscopically over short periods of time through several methods of generation. NS is too reactive to isolate as a solid or liquid, and has only been prepared as a vapor in low pressure or low-temperat... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Anhydrous can be prepared from zinc and hydrogen chloride gas at 700 °C:
Aqueous solutions may be readily prepared similarly by treating Zn metal, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, and zinc sulfide with hydrochloric acid:
Hydrates can be produced by evaporation of an aqueous solution of zinc chloride. Different evaporation ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
All elements aside from argon, neon, and helium form fluorides by direct reaction with fluorine. Chlorine is slightly more selective, but still reacts with most metals and heavier nonmetals. Following the usual trend, bromine is less reactive and iodine least of all. Of the many reactions possible, illustrative is the ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Trimethylenemethane cycloaddition is the formal (3+2) annulation of trimethylenemethane (TMM) derivatives to two-atom pi systems. Although TMM itself is too reactive and unstable to be stored, reagents which can generate TMM or TMM synthons in situ can be used to effect cycloaddition reactions with appropriate electron... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In general, amino radicals are highly reactive and short lived; however, this is not the case when reacted with some organic molecules. Relative reactivities of the amino radical with several organic compounds have been reported, but the absolute rate constants for such reactions remain unknown. In reaction 1, it was h... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Tsuji–Trost reaction (also called the Trost allylic alkylation or allylic alkylation) is a palladium-catalysed substitution reaction involving a substrate that contains a leaving group in an allylic position. The palladium catalyst first coordinates with the allyl group and then undergoes oxidative addition, formin... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Among hindered dialkylboranes is disiamylborane, abbreviated SiaBH. It also is a dimer. Owing to its steric bulk, it selectively hydroborates less hindered, usually terminal alkenes in the presence of more substituted alkenes. Disiamylborane must be freshly prepared as its solutions can only be stored at 0 °C for a fe... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Although the sodium cobaltinitrite is soluble in water, it forms the basis of a quantitative determination of potassium, thallium, and ammonium ions. Under the recommended reaction conditions the insoluble double salt, is precipitated and weighed. In geochemical analysis, sodium cobaltinitrite is used to distinguish a... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Samarium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound, a salt of samarium and hydroiodic acid with the chemical formula . | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
António Egas Moniz searched for a radiocontrast agent for cerebral angiography. After experiments on rabbits and dogs he settled upon sodium iodide as the best medium. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In organic chemistry, alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines. The reaction name is based on the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations. The reaction is acid catalyzed and the reaction type is nucleophilic addition of the amine to the carbonyl compound follow... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Aromatic compounds are subject to electrophilic halogenation:
This kind of reaction typically works well for chlorine and bromine. Often a Lewis acidic catalyst is used, such as ferric chloride. Many detailed procedures are available.
Because fluorine is so reactive, other methods, such as the Balz–Schiemann reaction, ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
When heated, orthoboric acid undergoes a three step dehydration. The reported transition temperatures vary substantially from source to source.
When heated above 140 °C, orthoboric acid yields metaboric acid () with loss of one water molecule:
Heating metaboric acid above about 180 °C eliminates another water molecule ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
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