text stringlengths 105 19.5k | label int64 0 4 | label_text stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|
Electrofiltration is a technique for separation and concentration of colloidal substances – for instance biopolymers. The principle of electrofiltration is based on overlaying electric field on a standard dead-end filtration. Thus the created polarity facilitates electrophoretic force which is opposite to the resistanc... | 1 | Separation Processes |
SPMR measurements depend on the characteristics of the nanoparticle (NP) that is used. The NP must have the property that the bulk material is normally ferromagnetic in the bulk. Magnetite (FeO) is one such example as it is ferromagnetic when below its Curie temperature. However, if the NPs are single domain, and of a ... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Since ethanol boils at a much lower temperature than water, simple distillation can separate ethanol from water by applying heat to the mixture. Historically, a copper vessel was used for this purpose, since copper removes undesirable sulfur-based compounds from the alcohol. However, many modern stills are made of st... | 1 | Separation Processes |
TTM has been studied in several use scenarios where it has not usually been found to be helpful, or is still under investigation, despite theoretical grounds for its usefulness. | 0 | Cryobiology |
The quantum Heisenberg model, developed by Werner Heisenberg, is a statistical mechanical model used in the study of critical points and phase transitions of magnetic systems, in which the spins of the magnetic systems are treated quantum mechanically. It is related to the prototypical Ising model, where at each site o... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Hypothermia can happen in most mammals in cold weather and can be fatal. Baby mammals such as kittens are unable to regulate their body temperatures and have a risk of hypothermia if they are not kept warm by their mothers.
Many animals other than humans often induce hypothermia during hibernation or torpor.
Water bea... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The desalinated water is stabilized to protect downstream pipelines and storage, usually by adding lime or caustic soda to prevent corrosion of concrete-lined surfaces. Liming material is used to adjust pH between 6.8 and 8.1 to meet the potable water specifications, primarily for effective disinfection and for corrosi... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Some FODMAPs, such as fructose, are readily absorbed in the small intestine of humans via GLUT receptors. Absorption thus depends on the appropriate expression and delivery of these receptors in the intestinal enterocyte to both the apical surface, contacting the lumen of the intestine (e.g., GLUT5), and to the basal m... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
The Zeeman energy is the interaction energy between the magnetization and any externally applied field. It's written as:
where H is the applied field and µ is the vacuum permeability.
The Zeeman energy favors alignment of the magnetization parallel to the applied field. | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
AFPs create a difference between the melting point and freezing point (busting temperature of AFP bound ice crystal) known as thermal hysteresis. The addition of AFPs at the interface between solid ice and liquid water inhibits the thermodynamically favored growth of the ice crystal. Ice growth is kinetically inhibit... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Spinning band distillation may sometimes be used to recycle waste solvents which contain different solvents, and other chemical compounds. | 1 | Separation Processes |
This is similar to the Ising model. In this model, we have spins arranged on a -dimensional lattice with only nearest neighbor interactions. This model can be solved exactly for the critical temperatures and a glassy phase is observed to exist at low temperatures. The Hamiltonian for this spin system is given by:
where... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Arsenic can sublime readily at high temperatures.
Cadmium and zinc sublime much more than other common materials, so they are not suitable materials for use in vacuum. | 1 | Separation Processes |
Copurification in a chemical or biochemical context is the physical separation by chromatography or other purification technique of two or more substances of interest from other contaminating substances. For substances to co-purify usually implies that these substances attract each other to form a non-covalent complex ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
AFPs are thought to inhibit ice growth by an adsorption–inhibition mechanism. They adsorb to nonbasal planes of ice, inhibiting thermodynamically-favored ice growth. The presence of a flat, rigid surface in some AFPs seems to facilitate its interaction with ice via Van der Waals force surface complementarity. | 0 | Cryobiology |
* Electronic article surveillance – using magnetostriction to prevent shoplifting
* Magnetostrictive delay lines - an earlier form of computer memory
* Magnetostrictive loudspeakers and headphones | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Although menopause is a natural barrier to further conception, IVF has allowed people to be pregnant in their fifties and sixties. People whose uteruses have been appropriately prepared receive embryos that originated from an egg donor. Therefore, although they do not have a genetic link with the child, they have a phy... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Ultraviolet radiation is invisible to the human eye, but illuminating certain materials with UV radiation causes the emission of visible light, causing these substances to glow with various colors. This is called fluorescence, and has many practical uses. Black lights are required to observe fluorescence, since other ... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
A protein skimmer or foam fractionator is a device used to remove organic compounds such as food and waste particles from water. It is most commonly used in commercial applications like municipal water treatment facilities, public aquariums, and aquaculture facilities. Smaller protein skimmers are also used for filtrat... | 1 | Separation Processes |
In New Zealand, indoor tanning is regulated by a voluntary code of practice. Salons are asked to turn away under-18s, those with type 1 skin (fair skin that burns easily or never tans), people who experienced episodes of sunburn as children, and anyone taking certain medications, with several moles, or who has had skin... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Ex situ conservation (literally "off-site conservation") is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. For example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, an artificial environment which is si... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Lactulose is useful in treating hyperammonemia (high blood ammonia), which can lead to hepatic encephalopathy. Lactulose helps trap the ammonia (NH) in the colon and bind to it. It does this by using gut flora to acidify the colon, transforming the freely diffusible ammonia into ammonium ions (), which can no longer d... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Ultraviolet radiation is used for very fine resolution photolithography, a procedure wherein a chemical called a photoresist is exposed to UV radiation that has passed through a mask. The exposure causes chemical reactions to occur in the photoresist. After removal of unwanted photoresist, a pattern determined by the m... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
UV light can be used to harden particular glues, resins and inks by causing a photochemical reaction inside those substances. This process of hardening is called ‘curing’. UV curing is adaptable to printing, coating, decorating, stereolithography, and in the assembly of a variety of products and materials. In compariso... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Figure 1 to the right explains the basic principle, in which the organic extractant E is contained inside the pores of a porous particle. The solute S, which is initially dissolved in the aqueous phase surrounding the SIR particle, physically dissolves in the organic extractant phase during the extraction process. Furt... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Depending upon the desired product, either the solvent or solute stream of RO will be waste. For food concentration applications, the concentrated solute stream is the product and the solvent stream is waste. For water treatment applications, the solvent stream is purified water and the solute stream is concentrated wa... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is generally represented as an expansion in powers of the direction cosines of the magnetization. The magnetization vector can be written , where is the saturation magnetization. Because of time reversal symmetry, only even powers of the cosines are allowed. The nonzero terms i... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Dr. Kenneth B. Storey is among the top 2% of highly cited scientists in the world.
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=storey+kb&sort=date&size=100 PubMed]
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mzhKxEoAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar] | 0 | Cryobiology |
Numerous fields would be able to benefit from the protection of tissue damage by freezing. Businesses are currently investigating the use of these proteins in:
* Increasing freeze tolerance of crop plants and extending the harvest season in cooler climates
* Improving farm fish production in cooler climates
* Lengthen... | 0 | Cryobiology |
This method is related to the downdraft, but uses a pump to power a spray nozzle, fixed a few inches above the water level. The spray action entraps and shreds the air in the base of the unit, similar to holding your thumb over a garden hose, which then rises to the collection chamber. In the United States, one company... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Micromagnetics as a field (i.e., that deals specifically with the behaviour of ferromagnetic materials at sub-micrometer length scales) was introduced in 1963 when William Fuller Brown Jr. published a paper on antiparallel domain wall structures. Until comparatively recently computational micromagnetics has been prohib... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
In fact, magnetostriction is more complex and depends on the direction of the crystal axes. In iron, the [100] axes are the directions of easy magnetization, while there is little magnetization along the [111] directions (unless the magnetization becomes close to the saturation magnetization, leading to the change of t... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
The first successful birth of a child after IVF treatment, Louise Brown, occurred in 1978. Louise Brown was born as a result of natural cycle IVF where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaws Cottage Hospital (now Dr Kershaws Hospice) in Royton, Oldham, England. Robert G. Edwards, the physiolog... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Different sources include different members in this class. Members marked with a "#" are considered by MeSH to be glucosidases. | 2 | Carbohydrates |
A separation process is a method that converts a mixture or a solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct product mixtures, a scientific process of separating two or more substances in order to obtain purity. At least one product mixture from the separation is enriched in one or more of the source mixture... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The approximate knife advance rate can be determined for a set of operating conditions using table 6 below. The table indicates the number of hours that the filter can operate in a one-inch pre coat cake; the required condition is that the advance blade must be at a constant position. This method can be used to check f... | 1 | Separation Processes |
An article published in Nature Materials demonstrated cell efficiencies of 8.2% using a new solvent-free liquid redox electrolyte consisting of a melt of three salts, as an alternative to using organic solvents as an electrolyte solution. Although the efficiency with this electrolyte is less than the 11% being delivere... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
The magnetostriction characterizes the shape change of a ferromagnetic material during magnetization, whereas the inverse magnetostrictive effect characterizes the change of sample magnetization (for given magnetizing field strength ) when mechanical stresses are applied to the sample. | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
A spin chain is a type of model in statistical physics. Spin chains were originally formulated to model magnetic systems, which typically consist of particles with magnetic spin located at fixed sites on a lattice. A prototypical example is the quantum Heisenberg model. Interactions between the sites are modelled by op... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
When an external magnetic field H is applied to an assembly of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, their magnetic moments tend to align along the applied field, leading to a net magnetization. The magnetization curve of the assembly, i.e. the magnetization as a function of the applied field, is a reversible S-shaped incre... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
In condensed matter physics, altermagnetism is a type of persistent magnetic state in ideal crystals. Altermagnetic structures are collinear and crystal-symmetry compensated, resulting in zero net magnetisation. Unlike in an ordinary collinear antiferromagnet, another magnetic state with zero net magnetization, the ele... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Distillation is a process in which we separate components of different vapour pressure. One fraction leaves overhead and is condensed to distillate and the other is the bottom product. The bottom product is mostly liquid while the overhead fraction can be vapour or an aerosol.
This method requires the components to ha... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Five biosynthesis pathways have been reported for trehalose. The most common pathway is TPS/TPP pathway which is used by organisms that synthesize trehalose using the enzyme trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase (TPS). Second, trehalose synthase (TS) in certain types of bacteria could produce trehalose by using maltose ... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Ferrimagnetism has the same physical origins as ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. In ferrimagnetic materials the magnetization is also caused by a combination of dipole–dipole interactions and exchange interactions resulting from the Pauli exclusion principle. The main difference is that in ferrimagnetic materials... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state. The verb form of sublimation is sublime, or less preferably, sublimate. Sublimate also refers to the product obtained by sublimation. The point at which sublimation occurs rapidly (for furthe... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Fusion constructs of a nanobody and TPR-truncated OGT allow for proximity-induced protein-specific O-GlcNAcylation in cells. The nanobody may be directed towards protein tags, e.g., GFP, that are fused to the target protein, or the nanobody may be directed towards endogenous proteins. For example, a nanobody recognizin... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, just beyond visible light. Ultraviolet wavelengths are 100 to 400 nanometres (nm, billionths of a metre) and are divided into three bands: A, B and C. UVA wavelengths are the longest, 315 to 400 nm; UVB are 280 to 315 nm, and UVC wavelengths are the s... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
The impact of ultraviolet radiation on human health has implications for the risks and benefits of sun exposure and is also implicated in issues such as fluorescent lamps and health. Getting too much sun exposure can be harmful, but in moderation, sun exposure is beneficial. | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
William C. Boyd alone and then together with Elizabeth Shapleigh introduced the term "lectin" in 1954 from the Latin word lectus, "chosen" (from the verb legere, to choose or pick out). | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Graphene membranes are meant to take advantage of their thinness to increase efficiency. Graphene is a singular layer of carbon atoms, so it is about 1000 times thinner than existing membranes. Graphene membranes are around 100 nm thick while current membranes are about 100 µm. Many researchers were concerned with the ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) first discovered ordinary magnetoresistance in 1856. He experimented with pieces of iron and discovered that the resistance increases when the current is in the same direction as the magnetic force and decreases when the current is at 90° to the magnetic force. He then did the same experim... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Dysregulation of O-GlcNAc is associated with cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.
O-GlcNAcylation of the glycolytic enzyme PFK1 at S529 has been found to inhibit PFK1 enzymatic activity, reducing glycolytic flux and redirecting glucose towards the pentose phosphate pathway. Structural modeling and biochemical ex... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the Suns ultraviolet radiation. It contains a high concentration of ozone (O) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. The ozone layer contains less than 10 ... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
The following table lists all of the 122 possible three-dimensional magnetic point groups. This is given in the short version of Hermann–Mauguin notation in the following table. Here, the addition of an apostrophe to a symmetry operation indicates that the combination of the symmetry element and the antisymmetry operat... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Pulses and beans are the main dietary sources (although green beans, canned lentils, sprouted mung beans, tofu (not silken), and tempeh contain comparatively low amounts). Supplements of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase may reduce symptoms, assuming the enzyme product does not contain other FODMAPs, such as polyol artifi... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Intravenous (i.v.) infusion of fructose has been shown to lower phosphorylation potential in liver cells by trapping inorganic phosphate (Pi) as fructose 1-phosphate. The fructokinase reaction occurs quite rapidly in hepatocytes trapping fructose in cells by phosphorylation. On the other hand, the splitting of fructose... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Protein kinases are the enzymes responsible for phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues. O-GlcNAc has been identified on over 100 (~20% of the human kinome) kinases, and this modification is often associated with alterations in kinase activity or kinase substrate scope.
The first report of a kinase being direc... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
In general case LLE (2) is nonintegrable. But it admits the two integrable reductions:
: a) in the 1+1 dimensions, that is Eq. (3), it is integrable
: b) when . In this case the (1+1)-dimensional LLE (3) turns into the continuous classical Heisenberg ferromagnet equation (see e.g. Heisenberg model (classical)) which i... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
The integrability is underpinned by the existence of large symmetry algebras for the different models. For the XXX case this is the Yangian , while in the XXZ case this is the quantum group , the q-deformation of the affine Lie algebra of , as explained in the notes by .
These appear through the transfer matrix, and th... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Corona discharge on electrical apparatus can be detected by its ultraviolet emissions. Corona causes degradation of electrical insulation and emission of ozone and nitrogen oxide.
EPROMs (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) are erased by exposure to UV radiation. These modules have a transparent (quartz) window on ... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Managing populations based on minimizing mean kinship values is often an effective way to increase genetic diversity and to avoid inbreeding within captive populations. Kinship is the probability that two alleles will be identical by descent when one allele is taken randomly from each mating individual. The mean kins... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun. Extremely short or vacuum UV (10–100 nm) is screened out by nitrogen. UV radiation capable of penetrating nitrogen is divided ... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
CSDB is cross-linked to other glycomics databases, such as [http://www.monosaccharidedb.org MonosaccharideDB], [http://glycosciences.de Glycosciences.DE] , [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ NCBI Pubmed], [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy NCBI Taxonomy], [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog NLM catalog], [h... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
As different proteins have different compositions of amino acids, different protein molecules precipitate at different concentrations of salt solution.
Unwanted proteins can be removed from a protein solution mixture by salting out as long as the solubility of the protein in various concentrations of salt solution is k... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The guiding principles for the development of UW Solution were:
# osmotic concentration maintained by the use of metabolically inert substances like lactobionate and raffinose rather than with glucose
# Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is used to prevent edema
# Substances are added to scavenge free radicals, along with stero... | 0 | Cryobiology |
While the definition of sublimation is simple, there is often confusion as to what counts as a sublimation. | 1 | Separation Processes |
People with disabilities who wish to have children are equally or more likely than the non-disabled population to experience infertility, yet disabled individuals are much less likely to have access to fertility treatment such as IVF. There are many extraneous factors that hinder disabled individuals access to IVF, suc... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The belt-type machine is generally more applicable to smaller and to adhesive feed. In addition, the feed presentation is more stable which makes it more applicable for more difficult and heterogenous applications. | 1 | Separation Processes |
Select filter cloth to obtain a good surface for cake formation. Use twill weave variation in the construction pattern of the fabric for better wear resistance. The belt tension, de-mooning bar height, wash water quantity and discharge roll speed are carefully tuned to maintain a good path for the cake formation to pre... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Matteucci effect is one of the magnetomechanical effects, which is thermodynamically inverse to Wiedemann effect. This effect was described by Carlo Matteucci in 1858. It is observable in amorphous wires with helical domain structure, which can be obtained by twisting the wire, or annealing under twist. The effect is m... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
UV degradation is one form of polymer degradation that affects plastics exposed to sunlight. The problem appears as discoloration or fading, cracking, loss of strength or disintegration. The effects of attack increase with exposure time and sunlight intensity. The addition of UV absorbers inhibits the effect.
Sensitive... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
In 2008, a California physician transferred 12 embryos to a woman who gave birth to octuplets (Suleman octuplets). This led to accusations that a doctor is willing to endanger the health and even life of people in order to gain money. Robert Winston, professor of fertility studies at Imperial College London, had called... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Besides being a source of energy, few other functions have been described for galactogen in the snail eggs, and all of them are related to embryo defense and protection. Given that carbohydrates retain water, the high amount of this polysaccharide would protect the eggs from desiccation from those snails that have aeri... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
In naphtha cracking process, C4R4 refers to C4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, 1-butene, and cis- or trans-2-butene from C4 raffinate stream which mainly consists of n-butane. Normally C4R4 is a side product in tert-butyl alcohol plant if C4R3 is used for feed. | 1 | Separation Processes |
Most prominent example of the application of sensor-based ore sorting is the rejection of barren waste before transporting and comminution. Waste rejection is also known under the term pre-concentration. A discrimination has been introduced by Robben. Rule of thumb is that at least 25% of liberated barren waste must be... | 1 | Separation Processes |
A mixing chamber where a mechanical agitator brings in intimate contact the feed solution and the solvent to carry out the transfer of solute(s). The mechanical agitator is equipped with a motor which drives a mixing and pumping turbine. This turbine draws the two phases from the settlers of the adjacent stages, mixes ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Often, some amount of hysteresis is intentionally added to an electronic circuit to prevent unwanted rapid switching. This and similar techniques are used to compensate for contact bounce in switches, or noise in an electrical signal.
A Schmitt trigger is a simple electronic circuit that exhibits this property.
A latch... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Cold-adapted arctic frogs, such as wood frogs, and some other ectotherms in polar and subpolar regions naturally produce glucose, but southern brown tree frogs and Arctic salamanders create glycerol in their livers to reduce ice formation.
When glucose is used as a cryoprotectant by arctic frogs, massive amounts of glu... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as glucose 6-phosphate (activator) and by phosphorylation reactions (deactivating). Glucose-6-phosphate allosteric activating action allows glycogen synthase to operate as a glucose-6-phosphate sensor. The inactivating phosphorylation is triggered by the ho... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Below are low-FODMAP foods categorized by group according to the Monash University "Low-FODMAP Diet".
* Vegetables: alfalfa, bean sprouts, green beans, bok choy, capsicum (bell pepper), carrot, chives, fresh herbs, choy sum, cucumber, lettuce, tomato, zucchini, the green parts of leeks and spring onions
* Fruits: orang... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
There are a number of non-invasive head cooling caps and helmets designed to target cooling at the brain. A hypothermia cap is typically made of a synthetic material such as neoprene, silicone, or polyurethane and filled with a cooling agent such as ice or gel which is either cooled to a very cold temperature, , before... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Insects most often use sugars or polyols as cryoprotectants. One species that uses cryoprotectant is Polistes exclamans (a wasp). In this species, the different levels of cryoprotectant can be used to distinguish between morphologies. | 0 | Cryobiology |
The rotary vacuum drum filter designs available vary in physical aspects and their characteristics. The filtration area ranges from 0.5 m to 125 m. Disregarding the size of the design, filter cloth washing is a priority as it ensures efficiency of cake washing and acting vacuum. However, a smaller design would be more ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
When the periodicity of the magnetic order coincides with the periodicity of crystallographic order, the magnetic phase is said to be commensurate, and can be well-described by a magnetic space group. However, when this is not the case, the order does not correspond to any magnetic space group. These phases can instead... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
IVF may be used to overcome female infertility when it is due to problems with the fallopian tubes, making in vivo fertilisation difficult. It can also assist in male infertility, in those cases where there is a defect in sperm quality; in such situations intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used, where a spe... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Normally, ice crystals grown in solution only exhibit the basal (0001) and prism faces (1010), and appear as round and flat discs. However, it appears the presence of AFPs exposes other faces. It now appears the ice surface 2021 is the preferred binding surface, at least for AFP type I. Through studies on type I AFP... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Most liquids freeze by crystallization, formation of crystalline solid from the uniform liquid. This is a first-order thermodynamic phase transition, which means that as long as solid and liquid coexist, the temperature of the whole system remains very nearly equal to the melting point due to the slow removal of heat w... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Spectral and spatial is collected by the detection system. The spatial component catches the position of the particles distribution across the width of the sorting machine, which is then used in case the ejection mechanism is activated for a single particle. Spectral data comprises the features that are used for materi... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Endangered animal species and breeds are preserved using similar techniques. Animal species can be preserved in genebanks, which consist of cryogenic facilities used to store living sperm, eggs, or embryos. For example, the Zoological Society of San Diego has established a "frozen zoo" to store such samples using cryop... | 0 | Cryobiology |
In the elastic hysteresis of rubber, the area in the centre of a hysteresis loop is the energy dissipated due to material internal friction.
Elastic hysteresis was one of the first types of hysteresis to be examined.
The effect can be demonstrated using a rubber band with weights attached to it. If the top of a rubber... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Accurate determination of core temperature often requires a special low temperature thermometer, as most clinical thermometers do not measure accurately below . A low temperature thermometer can be placed in the rectum, esophagus or bladder. Esophageal measurements are the most accurate and are recommended once a perso... | 0 | Cryobiology |
In Egypt around 2000 BC, the juice of Ammi majus was rubbed on patches of vitiligo after which patients were encouraged to lie in the sun. In the 13th century, vitiligo was treated with a tincture of honey and the powdered seeds of a plant called "aatrillal", which was abundant in the Nile Valley. The plant has since b... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Animal studies have shown the benefit of targeted temperature management in traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Clinical trials have shown mixed results with regards to the optimal temperature and delay of cooling. Achieving therapeutic temperatures of is thought to prevent secondary neurological injuries... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Hypothermia has been applied therapeutically since antiquity. The Greek physician Hippocrates, the namesake of the Hippocratic Oath, advocated the packing of wounded soldiers in snow and ice. Napoleonic surgeon Baron Dominique Jean Larrey recorded that officers who were kept closer to the fire survived less often than ... | 0 | Cryobiology |
UV light (specifically, UV‑B) causes the body to produce vitamin D, which is essential for life. Humans need some UV radiation to maintain adequate vitamin D levels. According to the World Health Organization:
Vitamin D can also be obtained from food and supplementation. Excess sun exposure produces harmful effects, ho... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Patients usually start progesterone medication after egg (also called oocyte) retrieval. While daily intramuscular injections of progesterone-in-oil (PIO) have been the standard route of administration, PIO injections are not FDA-approved for use in pregnancy. A recent meta-analysis showed that the intravaginal route ... | 0 | Cryobiology |
A review in 2013 came to the result that infants resulting from IVF (with or without ICSI) have a relative risk of birth defects of 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.24–1.42) compared to naturally conceived infants. In 2008, an analysis of the data of the National Birth Defects Study in the US found that certain birth de... | 0 | Cryobiology |
There is some evidence that T cells exhibit hysteresis in that it takes a lower signal threshold to activate T cells that have been previously activated. Ras GTPase activation is required for downstream effector functions of activated T cells. Triggering of the T cell receptor induces high levels of Ras activation, whi... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
The physics of the Heisenberg XXX model strongly depends on the sign of the coupling constant
and the dimension of the space. For positive the ground state is always ferromagnetic. At negative the ground state is antiferromagnetic in two and three dimensions. In one dimension the nature of correlations in the antife... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
The glucosinolate sinigrin, among others, was shown to be responsible for the bitterness of cooked cauliflower and Brussels sprouts. Glucosinolates may alter animal eating behavior. | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.