id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56d09a0e234ae51400d9c3c2 | Solar_energy | In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carboniz... | According to a report in 2011, by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world's energy? | {
"text": [
"2060"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
56d09a0e234ae51400d9c3c3 | Solar_energy | In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carboniz... | What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change? | {
"text": [
"could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
57335842d058e614000b588e | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land? | {
"text": [
"Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
57335842d058e614000b588d | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What other culutres has ruled the area? | {
"text": [
"Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
57335842d058e614000b588c | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age? | {
"text": [
"city of Sarazm"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
57335842d058e614000b588f | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
654
]
} |
57335842d058e614000b5890 | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What years did the civil war take place? | {
"text": [
"1992 to 1997"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
5733eb534776f419006614ef | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home? | {
"text": [
"Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
5733eb534776f419006614f0 | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane? | {
"text": [
"the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
5733eb534776f419006614f1 | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation? | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
654
]
} |
5733eb534776f419006614f2 | Tajikistan | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christ... | What years did the war last through? | {
"text": [
"1992 to 1997"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
5733acebd058e614000b600b | Tajikistan | Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to f... | When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army? | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
5733acebd058e614000b600c | Tajikistan | Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to f... | How many Tajik troops fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during WWII? | {
"text": [
"260,000 Tajik"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
5733acebd058e614000b600d | Tajikistan | Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to f... | What percent of Tajiks were killed during the war? | {
"text": [
"Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5733acebd058e614000b600e | Tajikistan | Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to f... | What was not developing as fast as other Soviet Republics? | {
"text": [
"living conditions, education and industry"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
5733af0cd058e614000b603d | Tajikistan | The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former S... | How were the different factions distinguished from eachother? | {
"text": [
"by clan loyalties"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
5733af0cd058e614000b6040 | Tajikistan | The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former S... | What did the ceasefire guaranteed? | {
"text": [
"30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition"
],
"answer_start": [
983
]
} |
5733af0cd058e614000b603f | Tajikistan | The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former S... | Who came into power in 1992? | {
"text": [
"Emomali Rahmon"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
5733af0cd058e614000b603e | Tajikistan | The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former S... | Why did more than half a million people flee? | {
"text": [
"because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
5733b06ad058e614000b6059 | Tajikistan | Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personn... | Who was stationed along the boarder? | {
"text": [
"Russian border troops"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733b06ad058e614000b605a | Tajikistan | Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personn... | Where have French Troops been stationed since September 11, 2001? | {
"text": [
"at the Dushanbe Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
5733b06ad058e614000b605c | Tajikistan | Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personn... | Where is the main base for the Tajikistan air force? | {
"text": [
"t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
5733b06ad058e614000b605b | Tajikistan | Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personn... | Why do US troops visit Tajikistan every so often? | {
"text": [
"to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration."
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
5733b195d058e614000b6084 | Tajikistan | In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 s... | How many solider were killed in September when Islamic militants escaped? | {
"text": [
"28 Tajik soldiers"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
5733b195d058e614000b6086 | Tajikistan | In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 s... | When did Russia say they will be sending more troops to Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"2015"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
5733b195d058e614000b6085 | Tajikistan | In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 s... | When did the military operation end in Rasht Valley? | {
"text": [
"November 2010"
],
"answer_start": [
580
]
} |
5733b195d058e614000b6083 | Tajikistan | In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 s... | Why was there concerns in 2010? | {
"text": [
"that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
5733b38fd058e614000b60ac | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | What type of government does Tajikistan have? | {
"text": [
"a republic"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
5733b390d058e614000b60af | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | Who is the prime minister of Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"Kokhir Rasulzoda"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
5733b390d058e614000b60b0 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | Who are the Deputy Prime Ministers? | {
"text": [
"Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
5733b38fd058e614000b60ae | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | When was Emomalii Rahmon elected president? | {
"text": [
"November 1994"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
5733b38fd058e614000b60ad | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | What kind of system is a dominant-party system? | {
"text": [
"where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
5733b523d058e614000b60e2 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | Even though Tajikistan has freedom of the press, what is the problem with it? | {
"text": [
"independent press outlets remain restricted"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
5733b523d058e614000b60e4 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | What is not tolerated by the government in respect to media? | {
"text": [
"no public criticism of the regime is tolerated"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
5733b523d058e614000b60e5 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | What is not covered by local media? | {
"text": [
"all direct protest is severely suppressed"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
5733b523d058e614000b60e3 | Tajikistan | Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, c... | What access is blocked? | {
"text": [
"access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
5733b5a64776f419006610fb | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | What is the smalled nation in the Central Asia area? | {
"text": [
"Tajikistan"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733b5a64776f419006610fd | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | What mountian range runs through Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"the Pamir range"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
5733b5a64776f419006610ff | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | Where is Dushanbe located? | {
"text": [
"on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
5733b5a64776f419006610fc | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | Where exactly is Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
5733b5a64776f419006610fe | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | What area is under sea level? | {
"text": [
"in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
573358b94776f41900660866 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | Where did the word Tajik come from? | {
"text": [
"the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
573358b94776f41900660864 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | What does Tajikistan mean? | {
"text": [
"\"Land of the Tajiks\""
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
573358b94776f41900660865 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | What does the suffix -stan mean? | {
"text": [
"\"place of\" or \"country\""
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
573358b94776f41900660867 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | Why is it hard to find the origin of the word Tajik? | {
"text": [
"because the term is \"embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia.\""
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
573366944776f419006609f5 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese? | {
"text": [
"650–680"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
573366944776f419006609f6 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who took control of the regin in 710? | {
"text": [
"Umayyads"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
573366944776f419006609f7 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who restored Persian control of the region? | {
"text": [
"The Samanid Empire,"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
573366944776f419006609f8 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran? | {
"text": [
"Khorasan"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
573366934776f419006609ed | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese? | {
"text": [
"650–680"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
573366934776f419006609ee | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who took control of the regin in 710? | {
"text": [
"Umayyads"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
57336693d058e614000b5a2b | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese? | {
"text": [
"650–680"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
573366934776f419006609ef | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who restored Persian control of the region? | {
"text": [
"The Samanid Empire,"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
57336693d058e614000b5a2c | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who took control of the regin in 710? | {
"text": [
"Umayyads"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
57336693d058e614000b5a2d | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who restored Persian control of the region? | {
"text": [
"The Samanid Empire,"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
57336693d058e614000b5a2e | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran? | {
"text": [
"Khorasan"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
573366934776f419006609f0 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran? | {
"text": [
"Khorasan"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
5733ebbbd058e614000b65d9 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese? | {
"text": [
"650–680"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
5733ebbbd058e614000b65da | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl? | {
"text": [
"710"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
5733ebbbd058e614000b65db | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who conquered Tansaxania? | {
"text": [
"The Kara-Khanid Khanate"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
5733ebbbd058e614000b65dc | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | When did the Samanid Empire rule the land? | {
"text": [
"The Samanid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
57339febd058e614000b5f0e | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia? | {
"text": [
"during the late 19th century's Imperial Era"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
57339febd058e614000b5f10 | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | Who controled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Trukestan? | {
"text": [
"the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
57339febd058e614000b5f11 | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | What was Russian interested in Tajikistan area for? | {
"text": [
"gaining access to a supply of cotton"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
57339febd058e614000b5f0f | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | What did Russia do between 1864-1885? | {
"text": [
"Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
57339febd058e614000b5f12 | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | In 1885, who was ruling the Tajikistan area? | {
"text": [
"the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
5733a8d44776f41900660f81 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century? | {
"text": [
"an Islamic social movement throughout the region"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
5733a8d44776f41900660f82 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists? | {
"text": [
"Russians"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
5733a8d44776f41900660f83 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | When was the uprising against the Khanate of Kokand? | {
"text": [
"between 1910 and 1913"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
5733a8d44776f41900660f84 | Tajikistan | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? | {
"text": [
"the threat of forced conscription during World War I"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
5733aa16d058e614000b5fb7 | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | Who went to war against Bolshevick armies? | {
"text": [
"guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
5733aa16d058e614000b5fb8 | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | What did they go to war against Bolshevick? | {
"text": [
"to maintain independence"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
5733aa16d058e614000b5fb9 | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | Who won the war? | {
"text": [
"The Bolsheviks"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
5733aa16d058e614000b5fba | Tajikistan | After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet auth... | What religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed? | {
"text": [
"Islam, Judaism, and Christianity"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd2 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan? | {
"text": [
"Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd4 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | Where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly? | {
"text": [
"in the southern region"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd3 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | What happeded between 1927-1934? | {
"text": [
"collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
5733ab4ad058e614000b5fd5 | Tajikistan | In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, coll... | What forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe4 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | Who directed the purges of Soviets? | {
"text": [
"Moscow"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe5 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | How many people were expelled?? | {
"text": [
"nearly 10,000 people"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe6 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | Who were sent to replace the expelled positions? | {
"text": [
"Ethnic Russians"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe8 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | What did the population of Russians do between 1926-1959? | {
"text": [
"grew from less than 1% to 13%"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
5733abe2d058e614000b5fe7 | Tajikistan | Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po... | What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced? | {
"text": [
"subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
5733b463d058e614000b60c7 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | What happened in the Feb 2010 election? | {
"text": [
"PDPT lose four seats in Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
5733b463d058e614000b60c6 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | Why were parties upset in the 2005 election? | {
"text": [
"accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
5733b463d058e614000b60c8 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | What did the OSCE say that Tajikistan did? | {
"text": [
"\"failed to meet many key OSCE commitments\" and that \"these elections failed on many basic democratic standards.\""
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
5733b463d058e614000b60c9 | Tajikistan | The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain ... | What was the Tajikistan governments response? | {
"text": [
"The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
573353674776f4190066083c | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | Where is Tajikistan located? | {
"text": [
"in Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
573353674776f4190066083d | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | How many people are living in Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"8 million people"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
573353674776f4190066083e | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What is the area of Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
573353674776f4190066083f | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country lies to Tajikistans east? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
573353674776f41900660840 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan? | {
"text": [
"Wakhan Corridor"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e580 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country borders Tajikistan to the east? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e57f | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | How many people are estimated to live in Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"8 million"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e581 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What is the area of Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"143,100 km2"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e582 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country borders Tajikistan to the south? | {
"text": [
"Afghanistan"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
5731cfe0b9d445190005e583 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | What country borders Tajikistan to the west? | {
"text": [
"Uzbekistan"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
5733625ed058e614000b59a9 | Tajikistan | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | What was the first recorded history of this region? | {
"text": [
"about 500 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
5733625ed058e614000b59aa | Tajikistan | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | What was modern Tajikistan part of around 500 BE? | {
"text": [
"the Achaemenid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
5733625ed058e614000b59ab | Tajikistan | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire? | {
"text": [
"Alexander the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
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