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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Early exposure to some mild stresses can slow down the aging process and extend lifespan , raising the question of how early life stress might impact the somatic health of aged animals . Here , we reveal that early life heat experience triggers the establishment of epigenetic memory in soma , which promotes long-lastin... | Organism aging is a deleterious process characterized by the progressive decline of cellular and tissue functions in the late life stage . However , the rate of aging is often determined by an organism’s historic experiences that occur in early life . For example , some mild stresses experienced in early life can exten... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"caenorhabditis",
"immunology",
"histone",
"acetylation",
"mechanical",
"stress",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"histone",
"... | 2019 | Histone acetylation promotes long-lasting defense responses and longevity following early life heat stress |
Oscillations occur in a wide variety of cellular processes , for example in calcium and p53 signaling responses , in metabolic pathways or within gene-regulatory networks , e . g . the circadian system . Since it is of central importance to understand the influence of perturbations on the dynamics of these systems a nu... | Rhythmic behavior is omnipresent in biology and has many crucial functions . In cells the activation levels and abundances of signaling molecules such as NF-κB , p53 , EGFR or calcium repeatedly increase and decrease in response to stimuli . Such a dynamic behavior can also be observed monitoring the concentrations of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"circadian",
"oscillators",
"conservation",
"of",
"mass",
"chronobiology",
"physical",
"laws",
"and",
"principles",
"reaction",
"dynamics",
"prototypes",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"feedback",... | 2016 | Feedback, Mass Conservation and Reaction Kinetics Impact the Robustness of Cellular Oscillations |
Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1 ) lead to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS ) , a neurodegenerative disease that disproportionately affects glutamatergic and cholinergic motor neurons . Previous work with SOD1 overexpression models supports a role for SOD1 toxic gain of function in ALS pathogenesis .... | In all SOD1 ALS patients , cholinergic spinal motor neurons degenerate , but degeneration of cortical glutamatergic neurons is less common . Despite decades of work , it remains unclear why some disease alleles ( e . g . A4V ) primarily affect cholinergic spinal neurons , while other alleles affect both cholinergic and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"caenorhabditis",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"enzymes",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"amyotrophic",
"lateral",
"sclerosis",
"enzymology",
"dismutases",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"biological",
"locomo... | 2018 | Single copy/knock-in models of ALS SOD1 in C. elegans suggest loss and gain of function have different contributions to cholinergic and glutamatergic neurodegeneration |
The ribosomal DNA ( rDNA ) genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are located in a tandem array of about 150 repeats . Using a diploid with markers flanking and within the rDNA array , we showed that low levels of DNA polymerase alpha elevate recombination between both homologues and sister chromatids , about five-fold in m... | In many organisms , the genes that encode the ribosomal RNAs are present in multiple copies arranged in tandem . This unique section of the genome is under strict cellular control to minimize changes in the number of ribosomal DNA ( rDNA ) genes as a consequence of unequal crossover between repeats . In addition , the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"replication",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair"
] | 2008 | Low Levels of DNA Polymerase Alpha Induce Mitotic and Meiotic Instability in the Ribosomal DNA Gene Cluster of Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
The transcript of retrovirus-like transposons functions as an mRNA for synthesis of capsid and replication proteins and as the genomic RNA of virus-like particles ( VLPs ) , wherein the genome is replicated . Retrotransposon RNA and proteins coalesce in a cytoplasmic focus , or retrosome , to initiate VLP assembly , bu... | Retrotransposons are mobile elements that have invaded the genomes of organisms from bacteria to humans . Facilitated by host co-factors , retrotransposon proteins copy their RNA genomes into DNA that integrates into the host genome , causing mutations and genome instability . The yeast Ty1 element belongs to a family ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rna",
"cellular",
"structures",
"subcellular",
"organelles",
"transposons",
"model",
"organisms",
"retrotransposons",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"protein",
"translation",
"gene",
"expression",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae",
"biology",
"molecu... | 2014 | Co-translational Localization of an LTR-Retrotransposon RNA to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleates Virus-Like Particle Assembly Sites |
Schistosomiasis is a chronically debilitating disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma , and it is a global problem affecting over 240 million people . Little is known about the regulatory proteins and mechanisms that control schistosome host invasion , gene expression , and development . Schistosome ... | Schistosome parasites are the cause of human schistosomiasis and infect more than 240 million people worldwide . Schistosome larvae , termed cercariae , are a free-swimming mobile developmental stage responsible for host infection . These larvae produce enzymes that degrade human skin , allowing them to pass into the h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"zoology",
"parasitology",
"dna",
"transcription"
] | 2014 | Immunolocalization of Anti-Hsf1 to the Acetabular Glands of Infectious Schistosomes Suggests a Non-Transcriptional Function for This Transcriptional Activator |
Single cell gene expression profiling can be used to quantify transcriptional dynamics in temporal processes , such as cell differentiation , using computational methods to label each cell with a ‘pseudotime’ where true time series experimentation is too difficult to perform . However , owing to the high variability in... | Understanding the “cellular programming” that controls fundamental , dynamic biological processes is important for determining normal cellular function and potential perturbations that might give rise to physiological disorders . Ideally , investigations would employ time series experiments to periodically measure the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"markov",
"models",
"computational",
"biology",
"random",
"variables",
"covariance",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"statistical"... | 2016 | Order Under Uncertainty: Robust Differential Expression Analysis Using Probabilistic Models for Pseudotime Inference |
Human interferon ( IFN ) -inducible IFI16 protein , an innate immune sensor of intracellular DNA , modulates various cell functions , however , its role in regulating virus growth remains unresolved . Here , we adopt two approaches to investigate whether IFI16 exerts pro- and/or anti-viral actions . First , the IFI16 g... | Only recently , intrinsic cellular-based defense mechanisms which give cells the capacity to resist pathogens have been discovered as an essential component of immunity . However , unlike the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system , intrinsic immune defenses are mediated by cellular restriction factors that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2012 | The Intracellular DNA Sensor IFI16 Gene Acts as Restriction Factor for Human Cytomegalovirus Replication |
Women and other mammalian females are born with a finite supply of oocytes that determine their reproductive lifespan . During fetal development , individual oocytes are enclosed by a protective layer of granulosa cells to form primordial follicles that will grow , mature , and eventually release the oocyte for potenti... | Fertility is a concern in women’s health , especially when the reported average age of mothers is rising ( 2016 , CDC DB232 ) . Of concern in aging mothers is ovarian follicle health , which requires active communication between its cell components that include a single egg and its surrounding granulosa support cells .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"oocytes",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"embryos",
"immunolog... | 2018 | Dynamic expression patterns of Irx3 and Irx5 during germline nest breakdown and primordial follicle formation promote follicle survival in mouse ovaries |
Nuclear genes encode most mitochondrial proteins , and their mutations cause diverse and debilitating clinical disorders . To date , 1 , 200 of these mitochondrial genes have been recorded , while no standardized catalog exists of the associated clinical phenotypes . Such a catalog would be useful to develop methods to... | An important prerequisite for successful disease gene identification is the assessment , with minimal ambiguity , of a particular clinical trait or phenotype . Even with years of experience , recognizing and diagnosing mitochondrial diseases is still a major hurdle in clinical medicine . Computational tools supporting ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/literature",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"genetics",... | 2009 | Mapping Gene Associations in Human Mitochondria using Clinical Disease Phenotypes |
Bacterial cell growth and division require coordinated cell wall hydrolysis and synthesis , allowing for the removal and expansion of cell wall material . Without proper coordination , unchecked hydrolysis can result in cell lysis . How these opposing activities are simultaneously regulated is poorly understood . In My... | Bacteria have a complex problem to solve . On one hand , they need to hydrolyze existing and synthesize new cell wall to allow for cell expansion during growth . On the other hand , they need to maintain a continuous layer of cell wall to preserve shape and protect from osmotic lysis . To do this , bacteria must tightl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Interaction and Modulation of Two Antagonistic Cell Wall Enzymes of Mycobacteria |
In the Americas , as in much of the rest of the world , the dengue virus vector Aedes aegypti is found in close association with human habitations , often leading to high population densities of mosquitoes in urban settings . In the Peruvian Amazon , this vector has been expanding to rural communities over the last 10–... | Aedes aegypti , the primary mosquito vector of dengue , is a highly invasive species that is expanding from urban to peri-urban and rural areas throughout the Americas . Previous studies documented the role of human transportation networks in Ae . aegypti long-distance dispersal . We examined whether patterns of Ae . a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"united",
"states",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"transportation",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"north",
"america",
"network",
"analysis",
"populat... | 2019 | The genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations is driven by boat traffic in the Peruvian Amazon |
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba that can also act as an opportunistic pathogen causing severe brain infection , primary amebic meningoencephalitis ( PAM ) , in humans . The high mortality rate of PAM ( exceeding 97% ) is attributed to ( i ) delayed diagnosis , ( ii ) lack of safe and effective anti-N . fowler... | Sterols are important constituents of cell membranes . In a unicellurar organism , such as the human pathogen N . fowleri , the cell membrane delineates the physical boundaries of the cell and mediates interactions of the organism with its environment . N . fowleri is a free-living amoeba that may infect the human brai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"trophozoites",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzymology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoans",
"pharmaceutics",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"naegleria",
"fowler... | 2018 | Enzymatic chokepoints and synergistic drug targets in the sterol biosynthesis pathway of Naegleria fowleri |
T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 ( TIM-1 ) is a phosphatidylserine ( PS ) receptor , mediating filovirus entry into cells through interactions with PS on virions . TIM-1 expression has been implicated in Ebola virus ( EBOV ) pathogenesis; however , it remains unclear whether this is due to TIM-1 serving as a filovi... | T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 ( TIM-1 ) is one of a number of phosphatidylserine ( PS ) receptors that mediate clearance of apoptotic bodies by binding PS on the surface of dead or dying cells . Enveloped viruses mimic apoptotic bodies by exposing PS on the outer leaflet of the viral membrane . While TIM-1 has b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"motility",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"pathogens"... | 2019 | TIM-1 serves as a receptor for Ebola virus in vivo, enhancing viremia and pathogenesis |
The pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies in adults is linked to maintenance mechanisms that are not well understood . Here , we elucidate a novel critical maintenance mechanism for Schwann cell ( SC ) –axon interaction . Using mouse genetics , ablation of the transcriptional regulators histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (... | Peripheral nerves consist mainly of axons and Schwann cells , which form myelin sheaths around axons . Peripheral neuropathies primarily affect axons , their myelin , or both . Etiologies are multiple: they can be inherited , autoimmune , infectious , metabolic ( e . g . , diabetes ) , or be due to tumors or toxic agen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | HDAC1/2-Dependent P0 Expression Maintains Paranodal and Nodal Integrity Independently of Myelin Stability through Interactions with Neurofascins |
In Francisella tularensis , the SspA protein family members MglA and SspA form a complex that associates with RNA polymerase ( RNAP ) to positively control the expression of virulence genes critical for the intramacrophage growth and survival of the organism . Although the association of the MglA-SspA complex with RNAP... | Guanosine tetraphosphate ( ppGpp ) is a small molecule that is produced by many different bacteria in response to nutrient limitation . Although ppGpp has been shown to play an important role in controlling the expression of virulence genes in several pathogenic bacteria , few studies have addressed how this occurs . H... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2009 | Small Molecule Control of Virulence Gene Expression in Francisella tularensis |
Cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated in a highly coordinated and inverse manner during development and tissue homeostasis . Terminal differentiation usually coincides with cell cycle exit and is thought to engage stable transcriptional repression of cell cycle genes . Here , we examine the robustness of... | During development , cells face the important decision whether to continue to proliferate , or to exit the cell-division cycle and fully differentiate . Improved insight into the molecular mechanisms that arrest the cell cycle during terminal differentiation is important for our understanding of normal development , as... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",
"differentiation"
] | 2011 | Caenorhabditis elegans Cyclin D/CDK4 and Cyclin E/CDK2 Induce Distinct Cell Cycle Re-Entry Programs in Differentiated Muscle Cells |
The confluence of deep sequencing and powerful machine learning is providing an unprecedented peek at the darkest of the dark genomic matter , the non-coding genomic regions lacking any functional annotation . While deep sequencing uncovers rare tumor variants , the heterogeneity of the disease confounds the best of ma... | Many subtypes of cancer are unable to be distinguished based on their genomic profiles . With the ever-increasing use of sequencing , we now have the ability to look deeper into the genome and pick up on hidden signals in areas typically considered irrelevant to disease . To overcome the issue of rare variants and the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"genomics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"body",
"fluids",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"oncology",
"mutation",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genome",
"annotation",
"genomic",
"signal",
"processing",
"infectious",
"diseases",
... | 2019 | Dark-matter matters: Discriminating subtle blood cancers using the darkest DNA |
In 50% of progressing HIV-1 patients , CXCR4-tropic ( X4 ) virus emerges late in infection , often overtaking CCR5-tropic ( R5 ) virus as the dominant viral strain . This “phenotypic switch” is strongly associated with rapidly declining CD4+ T cell counts and AIDS onset , yet its causes remain unknown . Here , we analy... | HIV has caused over 30 million deaths . The virus is so fatal because it infects and depletes CD4+ T cells , “helper” immune cells critical for orchestrating and stimulating the overall immune response . No one understands why , in about 50% of HIV infections , a more deadly strain emerges late in infection . The new H... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"virology/new",
"therapies,",
"including",
"antivirals",
"and",
"immunotherapy",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Accelerated Immunodeficiency by Anti-CCR5 Treatment in HIV Infection |
The protozoan Leishmania mexicana parasite causes chronic non-healing cutaneous lesions in humans and mice with poor parasite control . The mechanisms preventing the development of a protective immune response against this parasite are unclear . Here we provide data demonstrating that parasite sequestration by neutroph... | Infection with the protozoan Leishmania parasites causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from cutaneous to visceral forms that are fatal if left untreated . Among the different Leishmania species , Leishmania mexicana causes chronic cutaneous lesions in humans . To study this disease , we used a murine model . Following... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Rapid Sequestration of Leishmania mexicana by Neutrophils Contributes to the Development of Chronic Lesion |
Plant architecture is one of the key factors that affect plant survival and productivity . Plant body structure is established through the iterative initiation and outgrowth of lateral organs , which are derived from the shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem , after embryogenesis . Here we report that ADP1 , a... | Plant architecture is one of the key factors that affect plant survival and productivity . It is well established that the plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in organ initiation and pattern formation , thus affecting plant architecture . We found that a putative MATE ( multidrug and toxic compound extrusion ) ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"agriculture"
] | 2014 | ADP1 Affects Plant Architecture by Regulating Local Auxin Biosynthesis |
Distribution of prion infectivity in organs and tissues is important in understanding prion disease pathogenesis and designing strategies to prevent prion infection in animals and humans . Transmission of prion disease from cattle to humans resulted in banning human consumption of ruminant nervous system and certain ot... | Prion diseases , also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies , are infectious progressive fatal neurodegenerative diseases which affect humans as well as wild and domestic animals . Distribution of prion infectivity in organs and tissues is important in understanding prion disease pathogenesis and designing... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/prion",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Detection of Prion Infectivity in Fat Tissues of Scrapie-Infected Mice |
Emotional events are usually better remembered than neutral ones . This effect is mediated in part by a modulation of the hippocampus by the amygdala . Sleep plays a role in the consolidation of declarative memory . We examined the impact of sleep and lack of sleep on the consolidation of emotional ( negative and posit... | Declarative memories , which can be consciously and verbally retrieved , are initially critically dependent on the hippocampus . However , reliable retrieval of long-term memory depends on a process of consolidation , which partly occurs during sleep , when memories are thought to be progressively transferred to long-t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2007 | Sleep-Related Hippocampo-Cortical Interplay during Emotional Memory Recollection |
We developed a unified model of the GRK-mediated β2 adrenergic receptor ( β2AR ) regulation that simultaneously accounts for six different biochemical measurements of the system obtained over a wide range of agonist concentrations . Using a single deterministic model we accounted for ( 1 ) GRK phosphorylation in respon... | The β2 adrenergic receptor ( β2AR ) is involved in regulating many cellular processes such as smooth muscle relaxation in the airways and the vasculature . Drugs that activate the β2AR are used in treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder ( COPD ) , and prolonged use of these drugs leads to the loss of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"physiology/cell",
"signaling",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structures",
"pharmacology",
"biochemistry/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"respiratory",
"medicine/asthma"
] | 2010 | Quantitative Modeling of GRK-Mediated β2AR Regulation |
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression , including by Polycomb Group ( PcG ) proteins , may depend on heritable chromatin states , but how these states can be propagated through mitosis is unclear . Using immunofluorescence and biochemical fractionation , we find PcG proteins associated with mitotic chromosomes in Dr... | Gene expression profiles must be maintained through the cell cycle in many situations during development . How gene expression profiles are maintained through mitosis by transcriptional regulators like the Polycomb Group ( PcG ) proteins is not well understood . Here we find that PcG proteins remain associated with mit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2012 | A Polycomb Group Protein Is Retained at Specific Sites on Chromatin in Mitosis |
Gambian sleeping sickness ( human African trypanosomiasis , HAT ) outbreaks are brought under control by case detection and treatment although it is recognised that this typically only reaches about 75% of the population . Vector control is capable of completely interrupting HAT transmission but is not used because it ... | Sleeping sickness is controlled by case detection and treatment but this often only reaches less than 75% of the population . Vector control is capable of completely interrupting HAT transmission but is not used because of expense . We conducted a full scale field trial of a refined vector control technology . From pre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Tsetse Control and Gambian Sleeping Sickness; Implications for Control Strategy |
Diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis by microscopy and serological tests may be elusive in travelers due to low egg load and the absence of seroconversion upon arrival . There is need for a more sensitive diagnostic test . Therefore , we developed a real-time PCR targeting the Schistosoma haematobium-specific Dra1 s... | Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma . About 200 million people are affected worldwide . Also travelers are at risk as even a brief contact with infested freshwater can cause infection . S . mansoni and S . haematobium are the two main species that are identified in travelers ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"biology",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | A Schistosoma haematobium-Specific Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Serum Samples of International Travelers and Migrants |
The p53 transcription factor is a regulator of key cellular processes including DNA repair , cell cycle arrest , and apoptosis . In this theoretical study , we investigate how the complex circuitry of the p53 network allows for stochastic yet unambiguous cell fate decision-making . The proposed Markov chain model consi... | Cancers are diseases of signaling networks . Transcription factor p53 is a pivotal node of a network that integrates a variety of stress signals and governs critical processes of DNA repair , cell cycle arrest , and apoptosis . Somewhat paradoxically , despite the fact that carcinogenesis is prevalently caused by p53 n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"death",
"cell",
"cycle",
"inhibitors",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"damage",
"transcription",
"factors",
"dna",
"proteins... | 2016 | Feedbacks, Bifurcations, and Cell Fate Decision-Making in the p53 System |
Filamentous growth is a hallmark of C . albicans pathogenicity compared to less-virulent ascomycetes . A multitude of transcription factors regulate filamentous growth in response to specific environmental cues . Our work , however , suggests the evolutionary history of C . albicans that resulted in its filamentous gro... | The ascomycete fungus Candida albicans is a leading cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in the United States . Due to limited anti-fungal drug options , there is an approximately 40% mortality rate and over 10 , 000 deaths per year associated with systemic C . albicans infections . It is unknown why C . a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"immunoblotting",
"dna",
"transcription",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
... | 2016 | Amplification of TLO Mediator Subunit Genes Facilitate Filamentous Growth in Candida Spp. |
Although amyloid fibrillation is generally believed to be a nucleation-dependent process , the nuclei are largely structurally uncharacterized . This is in part due to the inherent experimental challenge associated with structural descriptions of individual components in a dynamic multi-component equilibrium . There ar... | Diseases associated with the presence of amyloid structures , such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease , are characterized by the presence of protein aggregates in the form of highly ordered fibrils . This amyloid fibril formation is also commonly observed for a number of protein drugs , such as insulin . Detailed infor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"in",
"vitro",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"biophysics"
] | 2007 | A Helical Structural Nucleus Is the Primary Elongating Unit of Insulin Amyloid Fibrils |
The genetic basis of odorant-specific variations in human olfactory thresholds , and in particular of enhanced odorant sensitivity ( hyperosmia ) , remains largely unknown . Olfactory receptor ( OR ) segregating pseudogenes , displaying both functional and nonfunctional alleles in humans , are excellent candidates to u... | Humans can accurately discern thousands of odors , yet there is considerable inter-individual variation in the ability to detect different odors , with individuals exhibiting low sensitivity ( hyposmia ) , high sensitivity ( hyperosmia ) , or even “blindness” ( anosmia ) to particular odors . Such differences are thoug... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Genetic Elucidation of Human Hyperosmia to Isovaleric Acid |
In Drosophila melanogaster , as in many animal and plant species , centromere identity is specified epigenetically . In proliferating cells , a centromere-specific histone H3 variant ( CenH3 ) , named Cid in Drosophila and Cenp-A in humans , is a crucial component of the epigenetic centromere mark . Hence , maintenance... | Genetic information in eukaryotic cells is parceled into chromosomes . These information strings are precisely transmitted to daughter cells during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions , but only if the centromere , a specialized chromosomal region , is functional . The centromere region within chromosomes of many specie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mitosis",
"meiosis",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"centromeres",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2012 | Transgenerational Propagation and Quantitative Maintenance of Paternal Centromeres Depends on Cid/Cenp-A Presence in Drosophila Sperm |
Both genetic and epigenetic alterations contribute to Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy ( FSHD ) , which is linked to the shortening of the array of D4Z4 repeats at the 4q35 locus . The consequence of this rearrangement remains enigmatic , but deletion of this 3 . 3-kb macrosatellite element might affect the expression o... | Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy ( FSHD ) is the third most common myopathy with an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance . FSHD is caused by contraction of an array of repeated sequences , D4Z4 , in the terminal region of chromosome 4 ( 4q35 locus ) . This genetic disease is not caused by classical mutations within th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/chromatin",
"structure"
] | 2009 | The D4Z4 Macrosatellite Repeat Acts as a CTCF and A-Type Lamins-Dependent Insulator in Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy |
Human noroviruses ( HuNoVs ) are the most common cause of foodborne illness , with a societal cost of $60 billion and 219 , 000 deaths/year . The lack of robust small animal models has significantly hindered the understanding of norovirus biology and the development of effective therapeutics . Here we report that HuNoV... | Human norovirus ( HuNoV ) is the number one agent of viral gastroenteritis worldwide . It can infect people of all age groups , resulting in 700 million infections and 219 , 000 deaths each year . Outbreaks of acute HuNoV gastroenteritis occur often , but chronic infections also happen in people with immune deficiencie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"swimming",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"viruses",
"developmental... | 2019 | A robust human norovirus replication model in zebrafish larvae |
Hirschsprung disease ( HSCR ) is characterized by absence of enteric neurons from the distal colon and severe intestinal dysmotility . To understand the pathophysiology and genetics of HSCR we developed a unique zebrafish model that allows combined genetic , developmental and in vivo physiological studies . We show tha... | Hirschsprung Disease ( HSCR ) is a common congenital intestinal motility disorder diagnosed at birth by absence of enteric neurons in the distal gut , leading to intestinal obstruction that requires life-saving surgery . HSCR exhibits complex inheritance patterns and its genetic basis is not fully understood . Although... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"pediatrics",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"embryos",
"digestive",
"system",
"research",
"a... | 2016 | A Novel Zebrafish ret Heterozygous Model of Hirschsprung Disease Identifies a Functional Role for mapk10 as a Modifier of Enteric Nervous System Phenotype Severity |
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA ) axis is a major system maintaining body homeostasis by regulating the neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous systems as well modulating immune function . Recent work has shown that the complex dynamics of this system accommodate several stable steady states , one of which corr... | The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA ) axis is one of the body's major control systems helping to regulate functions ranging from digestion to immune response to metabolism . Dysregulation of the HPA axis is associated with a number of neuroimmune disorders including chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) , depression , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/neuroendocrinology",
"and",
"pituitary",
"mathematics",
"neurological",
"disorders/neuroendocrinology",
"and",
"pituitary",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Model-Based Therapeutic Correction of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction |
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxity ( ADCC ) can eliminate HIV-1 infected cells , and may help reduce the reservoir of latent virus in infected patients . Sera of HIV-1 positive individuals include a number of antibodies that recognize epitopes usually occluded on HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) trimers . W... | Antibodies can bind HIV-1-infected cells by recognizing the viral envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) on the cell surface . Antibody-bound cells then recruit natural killer cells to eliminate these infected cells . Here we demonstrate the unique properties of eCD4-Ig , a potent and exceptionally broad antibody-like HIV-1 ent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cytotoxicity",
"assay",
"microbiology",
"enzymol... | 2017 | eCD4-Ig promotes ADCC activity of sera from HIV-1-infected patients |
The dual specific phosphatase , MAP kinase phosphatase-2 ( MKP-2 ) has recently been demonstrated to negatively regulate macrophage arginase-1 expression , while at the same time to positively regulate iNOS expression . Consequently , MKP-2 is likely to play a significant role in the host interplay with intracellular p... | Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan ( single cell ) parasite that can be transmitted to humans via infection stages in cat feces or from eating under-cooked meat containing parasite cysts . The disease , which infects some 30% of the world population is a major cause of congenital infection and abortion and can be fatal i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunity",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"immune",
"defense",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"immunoregulation",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2013 | MAP Kinase Phosphatase-2 Plays a Key Role in the Control of Infection with Toxoplasma gondii by Modulating iNOS and Arginase-1 Activities in Mice |
One of the earliest morphogenetic processes in the development of many animals is epiboly . In the zebrafish , epiboly ensues when the animally localized blastoderm cells spread , thin over , and enclose the vegetally localized yolk . Only a few factors are known to function in this fundamental process . We identified ... | One of the earliest cell movement processes in the development of many animals is epiboly . In the zebrafish , epiboly ensues when the blastoderm cells spread over and enclose the yolk cell . Only a few factors are known to function in this fundamental process . We identified a maternal-effect mutant , betty boop ( bbp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/molecular",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2009 | A Novel Role for MAPKAPK2 in Morphogenesis during Zebrafish Development |
Chemotherapy is a principle tool for the control and prevention of piroplasmosis . The search for a new chemotherapy against Babesia and Theileria parasites has become increasingly urgent due to the toxic side effects of and developed resistance to the current drugs . Chalcones have attracted much attention due to thei... | Protozoa of the genus Babesia are the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals after the trypanosomes . Babesia and Theileria are the etiological agents of piroplasmosis , a tick-transmitted disease causing substantial losses of livestock and companion animals worldwide and has recently gained attention as o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"clinical",
"oncology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"parasitemia",
"oncology",
"apicomplexa",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"pr... | 2019 | The effects of trans-chalcone and chalcone 4 hydrate on the growth of Babesia and Theileria |
On the basis of its primary circuit it has been postulated that the olfactory bulb ( OB ) is analogous to the retina in mammals . In retina , repeated exposure to the same visual stimulus results in a neural representation that remains relatively stable over time , even as the meaning of that stimulus to the animal cha... | The way in which the brain represents and processes sensory information remains a fundamental question . One model posits that stable neural representation of a stimulus during early stages of stimulus processing allows for unbiased interpretation of incoming stimuli by higher order cortical centers . Alternately , ear... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Profound Context-Dependent Plasticity of Mitral Cell Responses in Olfactory Bulb |
A countrywide epidemiological study was performed to elucidate the current geographic distribution of causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) in Ecuador by using FTA card-spotted samples and smear slides as DNA sources . Putative Leishmania in 165 samples collected from patients with CL in 16 provinces of E... | In Ecuador , leishmaniasis is a major public health concern reported in 21 of 24 provinces of the country , and eight Leishmania species , Leishmania ( Leishmania ) mexicana , L . ( L . ) amazonensis , L . ( L . ) major-like , L . ( Viannia ) guyanensis , L . ( V . ) panamensis , L . ( V . ) braziliensis , L . ( V . ) ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"biogeography",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"ecuador",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"par... | 2016 | Geographic Distribution of Leishmania Species in Ecuador Based on the Cytochrome B Gene Sequence Analysis |
A fundamental problem faced by humans is learning to select motor actions based on noisy sensory information and incomplete knowledge of the world . Recently , a number of authors have asked whether this type of motor learning problem might be very similar to a range of higher-level decision-making problems . If so , p... | Until recently , motor learning was viewed as an automatic process that was independent , and even in conflict with higher-level cognitive processes such as decision-making . However , it is now thought that decision-making forms an integral part of motor learning . To further examine the relationship between decision-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"models"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"markov",
"models",
"decision",
"making",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"cognition",
"musculoskeletal",
"syst... | 2017 | Predicting explorative motor learning using decision-making and motor noise |
Secretion of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides is mediated by exocytosis of distinct secretory organelles , synaptic vesicles ( SVs ) and dense core vesicles ( DCVs ) respectively . Relatively little is known about factors that differentially regulate SV and DCV secretion . Here we identify a novel protein RIC-7 that... | Neuropeptides produce prolonged changes in circuit activity that are associated with changes in behavioral states ( e . g . mood or appetite ) ; consequently , there is great interest in identifying molecules that are required for neuropeptide secretion . Here we show that a novel neuronal protein RIC-7 promotes neurop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | RIC-7 Promotes Neuropeptide Secretion |
The 2014–16 Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) outbreak in West Africa highlighted the necessity for readily available , accurate and rapid diagnostics . The magnitude of the outbreak and the re-emergence of clusters of EVD cases following the declaration of interrupted transmission in Liberia , reinforced the need for sustai... | We describe a model of a mobile laboratory co-located at an Ebola treatment unit ( ETU ) equipped with GeneXpert molecular diagnostic platform and automated qRT-PCR test for Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) . The laboratory contributed significantly to the EVD response in Liberia , including supporting surveillance , outbre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"... | 2018 | Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening |
Since the advent of genome-wide small interfering RNA screening , large numbers of cellular cofactors important for viral infection have been discovered at a rapid pace , but the viral targets and the mechanism of action for many of these cofactors remain undefined . One such cofactor is cyclophilin A ( CyPA ) , upon w... | Identification of cellular cofactors and their mechanisms of action is a fundamental aspect of virus-host interaction research . Screening of genome-wide small interfering RNA libraries has become an efficient way of systematically discovering cellular cofactors essential for various aspects of viral life cycle . We an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/antivirals,",
"including",
"modes",
"of",
"action",
"and",
"resistance",
"virology"
] | 2010 | A Major Determinant of Cyclophilin Dependence and Cyclosporine Susceptibility of Hepatitis C Virus Identified by a Genetic Approach |
The formation of leaf vein patterns has fascinated biologists for centuries . Transport of the plant signal auxin has long been implicated in vein patterning , but molecular details have remained unclear . Varied evidence suggests a central role for the plasma-membrane ( PM ) -localized PIN-FORMED1 ( PIN1 ) intercellul... | The beautiful and varied patterns of veins in plant leaves have intrigued both artists and scientists since antiquity . The seminal work of some of these scientists has shown that the plant hormone auxin and its transport in plant tissues control leaf vein patterning , but molecular details of auxin-transport-dependent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"leafs",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"plants",
"pattern",
"formation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Patterning of Leaf Vein Networks by Convergent Auxin Transport Pathways |
Most RNA viruses lack the mechanisms to recognize and correct mutations that arise during genome replication , resulting in quasispecies diversity that is required for pathogenesis and adaptation . However , it is not known how viruses encoding large viral RNA genomes such as the Coronaviridae ( 26 to 32 kb ) balance t... | Quasispecies diversity is critical to virus fitness , adaptation , and pathogenesis . However , the relationship of fidelity to population diversity is less studied because viral systems with engineered differences in fidelity and bioinformatic methods that robustly measure and compare fidelity and diversity during rep... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",... | 2010 | Infidelity of SARS-CoV Nsp14-Exonuclease Mutant Virus Replication Is Revealed by Complete Genome Sequencing |
Long distance migration of differentiating granule cells from the cerebellar upper rhombic lip has been reported in many vertebrates . However , the knowledge about the subcellular dynamics and molecular mechanisms regulating directional neuronal migration in vivo is just beginning to emerge . Here we show by time-laps... | As the vertebrate nervous system develops , neurons migrate from proliferation zones to their later place of function . Adhesion molecules have been implicated as key players in regulating cellular motility . In addition , the centrosome ( the main microtubule organizing center of the cell ) orients into the direction ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking... | 2009 | Cadherin-2 Controls Directional Chain Migration of Cerebellar Granule Neurons |
Development of a functional musculoskeletal system requires coordinated generation of muscles , bones , and tendons . However , how axial tendon cells ( tenocytes ) are generated during embryo development is still poorly understood . Here , we show that axial tenocytes arise from the sclerotome in zebrafish . In contra... | The coordinated generation of bones , muscles and tendons at the correct time and location is critical for the development of a functional musculoskeletal system . Although it is well known that tendon is the connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones , it is still poorly understood how tendon cells , or tenocyte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"somites",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"embryos",
"... | 2018 | Stereotypic generation of axial tenocytes from bipartite sclerotome domains in zebrafish |
The serine-rich repeat ( SRR ) glycoproteins are a family of adhesins found in many Gram-positive bacteria . Expression of the SRR adhesins has been linked to virulence for a variety of infections , including streptococcal endocarditis . The SRR preproteins undergo intracellular glycosylation , followed by export via t... | Bacteria express a variety of structures on their surfaces that promote interactions with the host . The serine-rich repeat ( SRR ) glycoproteins have emerged as an important group of surface proteins on many streptococci and staphylococci that mediate their attachment to a range of host tissues . The SRR glycoprotein ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"laboratory",
"equipment",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"saponification",
"organic",
"fractionation",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"cultur... | 2017 | O-acetylation of the serine-rich repeat glycoprotein GspB is coordinated with accessory Sec transport |
Dengue and chikungunya are rapidly expanding viruses transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes . Few epidemiological studies have examined the extent of transmission of these infections in South India despite an increase in the number of reported cases , and a high suitability for transmission . We conducted a house... | Despite a recent increase in the number of cases , little data exist on the extent of dengue and chikungunya transmission in Indian cities . We conducted a household-based serosurvey conducted in randomly selected spatial locations across the metropolis of Chennai . We tested samples for evidence of previous infection ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Hidden Burden of Dengue and Chikungunya in Chennai, India |
Circadian rhythm is fundamental in regulating a wide range of cellular , metabolic , physiological , and behavioral activities in mammals . Although a small number of key circadian genes have been identified through extensive molecular and genetic studies in the past , the existence of other key circadian genes and how... | Circadian rhythm is universally present from unicellular organisms to complex organisms and plays an important role in physiological processes such as the sleep–wake cycle in mammals . The mammalian circadian rhythm presents an excellent system for studying gene regulatory networks as a large number of genes are underg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation"
] | 2008 | Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks in the Mammalian Circadian Rhythm |
Previous studies have shown that sensorimotor processing can often be described by Bayesian learning , in particular the integration of prior and feedback information depending on its degree of reliability . Here we test the hypothesis that the integration process itself can be tuned to the statistical structure of the... | The human sensorimotor system has to process highly structured information that is affected by uncertainty and variability at all levels . Previously , it has been shown that sensorimotor processing is very efficient at extracting structure even in variable environments and it has also been shown how sensorimotor integ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Structure Learning in Bayesian Sensorimotor Integration |
In the past decade , research on neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) has intensified in response to the need to enhance community participation in health delivery , establish monitoring and surveillance systems , and integrate existing disease-specific treatment programs to control overlapping NTD burdens and detrimen... | Neglected Tropical Diseases ( NTDs ) are characterized by their high incidence in low-income countries , thus maintaining the disastrous poverty-disease-poverty cycle . Apart from poverty , however , little is known of the magnitude of importance of both compositional and contextual factors in creating disease risk at ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Historical Perspective and Risk of Multiple Neglected Tropical Diseases in Coastal Tanzania: Compositional and Contextual Determinants of Disease Risk |
hMOF ( MYST1 ) , a histone acetyltransferase ( HAT ) , forms at least two distinct multiprotein complexes in human cells . The male specific lethal ( MSL ) HAT complex plays a key role in dosage compensation in Drosophila and is responsible for histone H4K16ac in vivo . We and others previously described a second hMOF-... | Covalent modification of N-terminal tails of histone proteins is accomplished by a variety of chromatin modifying complexes . These complexes catalyze at least eight distinct types of histone modifications including acetylation , methylation , phosphorylation , and ubiquitination . Histone modifications may act alone o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Crosstalk between NSL Histone Acetyltransferase and MLL/SET Complexes: NSL Complex Functions in Promoting Histone H3K4 Di-Methylation Activity by MLL/SET Complexes |
Human γ9δ2 T cells potently inhibit pathogenic microbes , including intracellular mycobacteria , but the key inhibitory mechanism ( s ) involved have not been identified . We report a novel mechanism involving the inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria by soluble granzyme A . γ9δ2 T cells produced soluble factors tha... | A small subset of human T cells express γ9δ2 T cell receptors and recognize unique non-peptide phosphoantigens expressed by microbes and damaged cells , such as cancer . These cells are important because: 1 ) they reside within skin and mucosal surfaces at critical points of initial pathogen invasion , and 2 ) they are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"public",
"health"
] | 2013 | Granzyme A Produced by γ9δ2 T Cells Induces Human Macrophages to Inhibit Growth of an Intracellular Pathogen |
Human Cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) utilizes two different pathways for host cell entry . HCMV entry into fibroblasts requires glycoproteins gB and gH/gL , whereas HCMV entry into epithelial and endothelial cells ( EC ) requires an additional complex composed of gH , gL , UL128 , UL130 , and UL131A , referred to as the gH/g... | Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) fetal infection during pregnancy and infection of immunocompromised patients are both clinical problems considered extremely important by the Institute of Medicine . Limited efficacy against primary HCMV infection was found using a subunit vaccine based on glycoprotein B , an important ne... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"model",
"organisms",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Based on the Envelope gH/gL Pentamer Complex |
The current World Health Organization ( WHO ) target for the three major soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections is to reduce prevalence of moderate-to-heavy infections to below 1% by 2020 . In terms of monitoring and evaluation ( M&E ) , the current WHO guidelines for control of STHs recommend evaluation of infec... | Soil-transmitted helminths ( STHs ) affect approximately 1 . 5 billion people worldwide . The World Health Organization target for STHs is to achieve <1% prevalence of moderate-to-heavy infections among school-age children ( SAC ) through preventive chemotherapy ( PC ) with albendazole or mebendazole . For monitoring a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"health",
"care",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"pediatrics",
"physiological",
"processes",
"ascaris",
"ascaris",
"lumbricoid... | 2019 | Sampling strategies for monitoring and evaluation of morbidity targets for soil-transmitted helminths |
Emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin constitute a recurrent threat to global health . Nonhuman primates ( NHPs ) occupy an important place in zoonotic spillovers ( pathogenic transmissions from animals to humans ) , serving as reservoirs or amplifiers of multiple neglected tropical diseases , including viral... | Animal diseases that infect humans are a major threat to human health . Nonhuman primates’ genetic relatedness to human beings makes them an important source of disease spillovers into human populations . The central African rainforest has witnessed many infectious spillovers from primates , including multiple neglecte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"sociology",
"diet",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"products",
"primates",
"research",
"design",
"nutrition",
"meat",
"questionnaires",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"food",
"i... | 2018 | Using physical contact heterogeneity and frequency to characterize dynamics of human exposure to nonhuman primate bodily fluids in central Africa |
Nucleosomes can be covalently modified by addition of various chemical groups on several of their exposed histone amino acids . These modifications are added and removed by enzymes ( writers ) and can be recognized by nucleosome-binding proteins ( readers ) . Linking a reader domain and a writer domain that recognize a... | Specialized enzymes add and remove chemical modifications to the histone proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes . These modifications act as labels to recruit various proteins to the DNA locations where they are needed to control DNA functions , such as gene expression . The modifications are usually made and maint... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | A Simple Histone Code Opens Many Paths to Epigenetics |
Pluripotent stem cells often adopt a unique developmental program while retaining certain flexibility . The molecular basis of such properties remains unclear . Using differentiation of pluripotent Drosophila imaginal tissues as assays , we examined the contribution of epigenetic factors in ectopic activation of Hox ge... | During animal development , the primordia of different body parts undergo a series of transitions in which their developmental potency becomes more restricted . Hox genes encode a family of evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors that are crucial for choosing different paths during transitions . Thus , the tra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"redox",
"signaling",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"animal",
"signaling",
"and",
"communication",
"developmental",
"biology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"epigenetics",
"zoology",
"morphogenesis",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",
"behavior",
"gene",
"expression",
... | 2016 | Maintenance of Tissue Pluripotency by Epigenetic Factors Acting at Multiple Levels |
Environmental conditions experienced during animal development are thought to have sustained impact on maturation and adult lifespan . Here we show that in the model organism C . elegans developmental rate and adult lifespan depend on larval population density , and that this effect is mediated by excreted small molecu... | The nematode C . elegans is one of the most highly developed models for the elucidation of conserved mechanisms connecting environmental cues to the regulation of animal lifespan and development . Surprisingly , the effects of larval population density on developmental timing and adult lifespan have not been investigat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"caenorhabditis",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"age",
"groups",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"adults",
"model",
"organisms",
"developmental",
"signaling",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"hormone",
"receptor",
... | 2017 | Larval crowding accelerates C. elegans development and reduces lifespan |
Earlier studies have shown sonographic enlargement of the ulnar nerve in patients with Hansen’s neuropathy . The present study was performed to determine whether sonography or electrophysiological studies can detect the specific site of ulnar nerve pathology in leprosy . Eighteen patients ( thirty arms ) with Hansen’s ... | Hansen’s neuropathy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae . The diagnosis of Hansen disease is based on typical skin lesions , nerve enlargement and presence of bacilli in the skin smear . One of the types of leprosy is a pure neuritic type which manifests without skin lesions . High resolution ultrasound is new modality b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methodology",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ultrasound",
"imaging",
"nervous",
"system",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"electrophysiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"medicin... | 2017 | Extensive sonographic ulnar nerve enlargement above the medial epicondyle is a characteristic sign in Hansen’s neuropathy |
This work demonstrates how gene association studies can be analyzed to map a global landscape of genetic interactions among protein complexes and pathways . Despite the immense potential of gene association studies , they have been challenging to analyze because most traits are complex , involving the combined effect o... | One of the most important problems in biology and medicine is to identify the genetic mutations that affect human traits such as blood pressure , longevity , and onset of disease . Currently , large scientific teams are examining the genomes of thousands of people in an attempt to find mutations present only in individ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2009 | Genome-Wide Association Data Reveal a Global Map of Genetic Interactions among Protein Complexes |
The chemotaxis system in the bacterium Escherichia coli is remarkably sensitive to small relative changes in the concentrations of multiple chemical signals over a broad range of ambient concentrations . Interactions among receptors are crucial to this sensitivity as is precise adaptation , the return of chemoreceptor ... | Bacteria swim in relatively straight lines and change directions through tumbling . In the process of chemotaxis , a network of receptors and other proteins controls the tumbling frequency to direct an otherwise random walk toward nutrients and away from repellents . Receptor clustering and adaptation to persistent sti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"archaea",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"eubacteria"
] | 2008 | Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli: A Molecular Model for Robust Precise Adaptation |
Although all brain cells bear in principle a comparable potential in terms of energetics , in reality they exhibit different metabolic profiles . The specific biochemical characteristics explaining such disparities and their relative importance are largely unknown . Using a modeling approach , we show that modifying th... | In an environment with appropriate oxygen levels ( normoxia ) , most eukaryotic cells produce energy by oxidizing glucose into carbon dioxide and water . In this process , glucose is transformed into pyruvate , which then fuels oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria . Interestingly , Otto Warburg reported back i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Determinants of Brain Cell Metabolic Phenotypes and Energy Substrate Utilization Unraveled with a Modeling Approach |
Protein loops , the flexible short segments connecting two stable secondary structural units in proteins , play a critical role in protein structure and function . Constructing chemically sensible conformations of protein loops that seamlessly bridge the gap between the anchor points without introducing any steric coll... | Protein loops play an important role in protein function , such as ligand binding , recognition , and allosteric regulation . However , due to their flexibility , it is notoriously difficult to determine their 3D structures using traditional experimental techniques . As a result , one can often find protein structures ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"biophysics/protein",
"folding",
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding",
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"comp... | 2009 | A Self-Organizing Algorithm for Modeling Protein Loops |
Non-human primates have been shown to be useful models for Chagas disease . We previously reported that natural T . cruzi infection of cynomolgus macaques triggers clinical features and immunophenotypic changes of peripheral blood leukocytes resembling those observed in human Chagas disease . In the present study , we ... | Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease; millions of people are infected with this parasite . One of the major challenges to manage infected patients is the low efficacy of currently available treatments , especially during chronic infection . Different T . cruzi genotypes are known to differ in resp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"parasitic",
"protozoans"... | 2017 | Cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi-I exhibit an overall mixed pro-inflammatory/modulated cytokine signature characteristic of human Chagas disease |
Regulated intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are required for normal intestinal homeostasis and repair after injury . The Notch signaling pathway plays fundamental roles in the intestinal epithelium . Despite the fact that Notch signaling maintains intestinal stem cells in a proliferative state and ... | Many gastrointestinal diseases are characterized by unbalanced proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells . Accumulating evidence implicates the Notch pathway as a fundamental regulator of intestinal epithelial proliferation and differentiation . Deregulation of Notch causes intestinal defects , s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology"
] | 2009 | hnRNP I Inhibits Notch Signaling and Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis in the Zebrafish |
The advent of genome-wide dense variation data provides an opportunity to investigate ancestry in unprecedented detail , but presents new statistical challenges . We propose a novel inference framework that aims to efficiently capture information on population structure provided by patterns of haplotype similarity . Ea... | The first step in almost every genetic analysis is to establish how sample members are related to each other . High relatedness between individuals can arise if they share a small number of recent ancestors , e . g . if they are distant cousins or a larger number of more distant ones , e . g . if their ancestors come f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Inference of Population Structure using Dense Haplotype Data |
We discuss methods for fast spatiotemporal smoothing of calcium signals in dendritic trees , given single-trial , spatially localized imaging data obtained via multi-photon microscopy . By analyzing the dynamics of calcium binding to probe molecules and the effects of the imaging procedure , we show that calcium concen... | Spatiotemporal dendritic imaging data , through fluorescent calcium indicators , opens an exciting window on computations performed by single neurons at a subcellular level . However , the analysis and interpretation of such data is challenging . The measurements are noisy , intermittent in space and/or time , and depe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"statistics",
"signal",
"processing",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"neuroscience",
"bayes",
"theorem",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"neuroimaging",
"biology",
"probability",
"theory",
"calcium",
"imaging",
"statistical",
"signal",
"processing",
"statistical",
"methods",
"engin... | 2012 | Fast Spatiotemporal Smoothing of Calcium Measurements in Dendritic Trees |
Budding yeast centromeres are sequence-defined point centromeres and are , unlike in many other organisms , not embedded in heterochromatin . Here we show that Fun30 , a poorly understood SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodeling factor conserved in humans , promotes point centromere function through the formation of correct c... | Centromeres are essential to chromatin structures , providing a binding platform for the mitotic spindle . Defects in centromere structure or function can lead to chromosome missegregation or chromosome breakage . This , in turn , can cause cancer in metazoans . Centromeres are defined by specialized chromatin that con... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"functional",
"genomics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"gene",
"function",
"cell",
"division",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"rna",
"processing",
"cell",
"biolo... | 2012 | SWI/SNF-Like Chromatin Remodeling Factor Fun30 Supports Point Centromere Function in S. cerevisiae |
Previous model-based analysis of the metabolic network of Geobacter sulfurreducens suggested the existence of several redundant pathways . Here , we identified eight sets of redundant pathways that included redundancy for the assimilation of acetate , and for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA . These equivalen... | Geobacter sulfurreducens is a member of the Geobacteraceae family of micro-organisms that breathe metals and have a unique mode of metabolism . Stimulation of the activity of this species in the environment has been shown to result in the removal of radioactive contaminants in groundwater . Similarly , the respiration ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"eubacteria",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Computational and Experimental Analysis of Redundancy in the Central Metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens |
A commonly held view in evolutionary biology is that speciation ( the emergence of genetically distinct and reproductively incompatible subpopulations ) is driven by external environmental constraints , such as localized barriers to dispersal or habitat-based variation in selection pressures . We have developed a spati... | A commonly held view in evolutionary biology is that new species form in response to environmental factors , such as habitat differences or barriers to individual movements that sever a population . We have developed a computer model , called EvoSpace , that illustrates how new species can emerge when a species range b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Isolation-by-Distance and Outbreeding Depression Are Sufficient to Drive Parapatric Speciation in the Absence of Environmental Influences |
Introduction of DNA sequences into the genome often results in homology-dependent gene silencing in organisms as diverse as plants , fungi , flies , nematodes , and mammals . We previously showed in Cryptococcus neoformans that a repeat transgene array can induce gene silencing at a high frequency during mating ( ∼50% ... | The development of gene transfer methods allows the production of transgenic lines in myriad eukaryotes . Frequently , transgenic DNA is integrated into the genome and transmitted as a heritable Mendelian trait . However , the introduced transgenes are in some cases not expressed ( silenced ) . In addition , transgenes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mycology",
"fungi",
"functional",
"genomics",
"rna",
"interference",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2012 | Transgene Induced Co-Suppression during Vegetative Growth in Cryptococcus neoformans |
Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) is the major causative agent of hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) in children , causing severe clinical outcomes and even death . Here , we report an important role of the highly conserved alanine residue at position 107 in the capsid protein VP1 ( VP1A107 ) in the efficient replication of ... | Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) causes hand , foot and mouth disease in children . In this work , we have discovered , for the first time , that the alanine residue at position 107 of the capsid protein VP1 ( VP1A107 ) , which is present in almost all EV71 strains , plays an important role in the replication of EV71 , since mu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"vero",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"mutation",
"substitution",
"mutation",
"antibodies",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
... | 2017 | A highly conserved amino acid in VP1 regulates maturation of enterovirus 71 |
North East Europe harbors a high diversity of cultures and languages , suggesting a complex genetic history . Archaeological , anthropological , and genetic research has revealed a series of influences from Western and Eastern Eurasia in the past . While genetic data from modern-day populations is commonly used to make... | The history of human populations can be retraced by studying the archaeological and anthropological record , but also by examining the current distribution of genetic markers , such as the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA . Ancient DNA research allows the retrieval of DNA from ancient skeletal remains and contrib... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"archaeology",
"population",
"modeling",
"biological",
"anthropology",
"population",
"dynamics",
"anthropology",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Ancient DNA Reveals Prehistoric Gene-Flow from Siberia in the Complex Human Population History of North East Europe |
Persistent papillomas developed in ~10% of out-bred immune-competent SKH-1 mice following MusPV1 challenge of their tail , and in a similar fraction the papillomas were transient , suggesting potential as a model . However , papillomas only occurred in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice depleted of T cells with anti-CD3 antibody ,... | While most patients clear human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection , some develop persistent papillomas , especially if immunocompromised . Likewise , we find a fraction of outbred SKH-1 mice challenged with Mus musculus papillomavirus type 1 ( MusPV1/MmuPV1 ) develop persistent papillomas , whereas most SKH-1 mice , as ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Immunologic Control of Mus musculus Papillomavirus Type 1 |
In Bangladesh , the poultry industry is an economically and socially important sector , but it is persistently threatened by the effects of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza . Thus , identifying the optimal control policy in response to an emerging disease outbreak is a key challenge for policy-makers . To inform ... | Ongoing circulation of avian influenza H5N1 viruses in poultry pose a global public health risk and cause extensive damage to the livestock industry . One of several countries in South Asia gravely affected is Bangladesh , where the poultry industry is an economically and socially important sector . Identifying the opt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"animals",
"viruses",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"h5n1",
"rna",
"v... | 2018 | The impact of surveillance and control on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in poultry in Dhaka division, Bangladesh |
Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) is the main pathogen responsible for hand , foot and mouth disease with severe neurological complications and even death in young children . We have recently identified a highly potent anti-EV71 neutralizing monoclonal antibody , termed D5 . Here we investigated the structural basis for recognit... | Hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) caused by enterovirus infection is an infectious disease affecting millions of young children annually . Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) is the major causative agent of severe HFMD with central nervous system complications . However , no prophylactic vaccine or therapeutic drug is availab... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"electron",
"cryo-microscopy",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"microscopy",
"antibodies",
"research",
"and",
"an... | 2016 | Structural Basis for Recognition of Human Enterovirus 71 by a Bivalent Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody |
Using A/J mice , which are susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus , we sought to identify genetic determinants of susceptibility to S . aureus , and evaluate their function with regard to S . aureus infection . One QTL region on chromosome 11 containing 422 genes was found to be significantly associated with susceptibili... | Staphylococcus aureus causes life-threatening infections in humans . Host genetic determinants influence the outcome of S . aureus infection , yet are poorly understood . Susceptible A/J and resistant C57BL/6J mice provide a unique platform to study the genetic difference responsible for variable host response to S . a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Dusp3 and Psme3 Are Associated with Murine Susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Human Sepsis |
Buruli ulcer has been increasing in incidence in southeastern Australia with unclear transmission mechanisms . We aimed to investigate the link between rainfall and case numbers in two endemic areas of the state of Victoria; the Bellarine and Mornington Peninsulas . We created yearly and monthly graphs comparing rainfa... | Buruli ulcer , a mycobacterial infection resulting in destructive soft tissue lesions , has been increasing in incidence in southeastern Australia over recent years . Exact transmission mechanisms and therefore preventative measures remain unclear . We aimed to investigate a possible link between Buruli ulcer and rainf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"weather",
"stations",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"australia",
"animals",
"mammals",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"seasons",
"marsupials",
"neglected",
... | 2018 | The association of rainfall and Buruli ulcer in southeastern Australia |
Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is a human herpesvirus that persists as a largely subclinical infection in the vast majority of adults worldwide . Recent evidence indicates that an important component of the persistence strategy involves active interference with the MHC class I antigen processing pathway during the lytic re... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is a herpesvirus and an important human pathogen that can cause diseases ranging from non-malignant proliferative disease to fully malignant cancers of lymphocytes and epithelial cells . Nevertheless , the vast majority of people in all populations worldwide are infected with EBV . After prim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"virology/immune",
"evasion"
] | 2009 | The Epstein-Barr Virus G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Contributes to Immune Evasion by Targeting MHC Class I Molecules for Degradation |
Although diarrheal illnesses are recognized as both a cause and effect of undernutrition , evidence for the effect of specific enteropathogens on early childhood growth remains limited . We estimated the effects of undernutrition as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis , as well as associations between symptomatic and ... | Campylobacter is a common cause of diarrheal disease among children at risk for growth failure in the developing world . We evaluated risk factors for Campylobacter infection as well as the association between symptomatic and asymptomatic Campylobacter infections and child growth over three and nine-month periods . Und... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"nutrition",
"global",
"health",
"child",
"health",
"malnutrition",
"public",
"health",
"gastrointestinal",
"infections"
] | 2013 | Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Campylobacter Infections Associated with Reduced Growth in Peruvian Children |
Transcriptional regulators recognize specific DNA sequences . Because these sequences are embedded in the background of genomic DNA , it is hard to identify the key cis-regulatory elements that determine disparate patterns of gene expression . The detection of the intra- and inter-species differences among these sequen... | The diversity of life forms frequently results from small changes in the regulatory systems that control gene expression . These changes often occur in cis-elements relevant to transcriptional regulation that are difficult to discern , as they are short , and are embedded in a genomic background that does not play a di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computer",
"science",
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2010 | Defining the Plasticity of Transcription Factor Binding Sites by Deconstructing DNA Consensus Sequences: The PhoP-Binding Sites among Gamma/Enterobacteria |
Hsp70s are a class of ubiquitous and highly conserved molecular chaperones playing a central role in the regulation of proteostasis in the cell . Hsp70s assist a myriad of cellular processes by binding unfolded or misfolded substrates during a complex biochemical cycle involving large-scale structural rearrangements . ... | Molecular chaperones are a class of proteins that are crucial for the correct functioning of cells . They play central housekeeping roles in the normal cell cycle , and are major actors of the protection system of the cell against cell stress conditions . In this study , we apply statistical inference methods to analys... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Large-Scale Conformational Transitions and Dimerization Are Encoded in the Amino-Acid Sequences of Hsp70 Chaperones |
Humans move frequently and tend to carry parasites among areas with endemic malaria and into areas where local transmission is unsustainable . Human-mediated parasite mobility can thus sustain parasite populations in areas where they would otherwise be absent . Data describing human mobility and malaria epidemiology ca... | For countries considering pursuing malaria elimination , understanding where malaria transmission occurs is crucial for intervention planning . By identifying the areas that act as sources of malaria parasites , elimination programs can target efforts to end local transmission and achieve nationwide elimination . Mappi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"namibia",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"human",
"mobility",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"cell",
... | 2016 | Identifying Malaria Transmission Foci for Elimination Using Human Mobility Data |
In contrast to the ability of long-lived CD8+ memory T cells to mediate protection against systemic viral infections , the relationship between CD4+ T cell memory and acquired resistance against infectious pathogens remains poorly defined . This is especially true for T helper 1 ( Th1 ) concomitant immunity , in which ... | Naturally acquired resistance to reinfection by numerous infectious pathogens including Leishmania , Plasmodium , Mycobacterium , and parasitic worms , typically coincides with an ongoing primary infection . This natural resistance to reinfection , termed concomitant immunity , is often referred to as a memory response... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"cell-mediated",
"immunity",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"infectious",
"di... | 2014 | Chronic Parasitic Infection Maintains High Frequencies of Short-Lived Ly6C+CD4+ Effector T Cells That Are Required for Protection against Re-infection |
To elucidate how genomic sequences build transcriptional control networks , we need to understand the connection between DNA sequence and transcription factor binding and function . Binding predictions based solely on consensus predictions are limited , because a single factor can use degenerate sequence motifs and bec... | Genomes contain sequences that encode both gene products and the instructions for where and when each gene is expressed . This gene expression code is critical for normal development and goes awry in disease processes such as cancer . The gene expression code is interpreted by proteins called transcription factors that... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/chromatin",
"structure",
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"initiation",
"and",
"activation",
"genetics",
"and",
"g... | 2009 | DNA Specificity Determinants Associate with Distinct Transcription Factor Functions |
Dengue virus ( DENV ) infection causes viral haemorrhagic fever that is characterized by extensive activation of the immune system . The aim of this study is to investigate the kinetics of the transcriptome signature changes during the course of disease and the association of genes in these signatures with clinical par... | An acute dengue virus infection usually starts with a febrile disease phase that can progress to severe disease around the time fever abates ( defervescence ) . Here we study dengue patients that were included very early after the onset of disease and carefully monitored in a longitudinal cohort study . Our results sho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Time since Onset of Disease and Individual Clinical Markers Associate with Transcriptional Changes in Uncomplicated Dengue |
Echinococcosis is a rare but endemic condition in people in Canada , caused by a zoonotic cestode for which the source of human infection is ingestion of parasite eggs shed by canids . The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors associated with infection and to measure the cost-utility of introducing an ... | In Canada , Echinococcus spp . tapeworms cycle primarily among wildlife hosts . People are infected with this parasite when they accidentally consume microscopic eggs spread by canids ( e . g . dogs , wolves , coyotes , and foxes ) , and develop larval cysts , often in the liver or lungs . Echinococcosis can be a life-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Echinococcosis: An Economic Evaluation of a Veterinary Public Health Intervention in Rural Canada |
Removal of the reproductive system of many animals including fish , flies , nematodes , mice and humans can increase lifespan through mechanisms largely unknown . The abrogation of the germline in Caenorhabditis elegans increases longevity by 60% due to a signal emitted from the somatic gonad . Apart from increased lon... | Removal of the germline in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can increase lifespan and resistance to bacterial pathogens . Currently there is no information on what genes are regulated to produce this resistance phenotype in other nematodes and whether they are the same as genes involved in lifespan regulation . We u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"aging",
"aging",
"and",
"immunity",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"immunology"
] | 2012 | Genome-Wide Analysis of Germline Signaling Genes Regulating Longevity and Innate Immunity in the Nematode Pristionchus pacificus |
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative , facultative intracellular bacillus and the etiologic agent of melioidosis , a severe disease in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia . Like other multidrug-resistant pathogens , the inherent antibiotic resistance of B . pseudomallei impedes treatment and highlights the ne... | Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of melioidosis , a severe disease endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia . B . pseudomallei is also classified as a Tier 1 select agent due to the threat of malicious use of the organism . Treatment of melioidosis is complicated by the inherent multidrug resist... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"melioidosis",
"immune",
"defense",
"burkholderia",
"infection",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"immunoregulation",
"biology",
"microbiology... | 2013 | Post-Exposure Therapeutic Efficacy of COX-2 Inhibition against Burkholderia pseudomallei |
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in skeletal muscle of people with diabetes and insulin-resistant individuals . Furthermore , inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause a rare form of diabetes . However , it is unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of the common form of diabete... | Mitochondria play a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis , and alteration of mitochondrial function is a hallmark of diabetes . While mitochondrial activity is reduced in people with diabetes , it is unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause or effect of type 2 diabetes . Genome-wide association studies for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/type",
"2",
"diabetes"
] | 2010 | Common Inherited Variation in Mitochondrial Genes Is Not Enriched for Associations with Type 2 Diabetes or Related Glycemic Traits |
The NK homeodomain factor Tinman is a crucial regulator of early mesoderm patterning and , together with the GATA factor Pannier and the Dorsocross T-box factors , serves as one of the key cardiogenic factors during specification and differentiation of heart cells . Although the basic framework of regulatory interactio... | The Drosophila homeodomain protein Tinman was the first transcription factor found to control the development and differentiation of the heart in any species . In spite of that , our knowledge of the number , identities , and mode of regulation of the downstream target genes of Tinman that are necessary to exert its ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cardiovascular"
] | 2013 | Genome-Wide Screens for In Vivo Tinman Binding Sites Identify Cardiac Enhancers with Diverse Functional Architectures |
Cell-free HIV-1 virions are poor stimulators of type I interferon ( IFN ) production . We examined here how HIV-infected cells are recognized by plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDCs ) and by other cells . We show that infected lymphocytes are more potent inducers of IFN than virions . There are target cell-type differen... | AIDS is characterized by a hyperactivation of the immune system . Innate and inflammatory responses , associated with an exacerbated production of cytokines like type I interferons ( IFN ) and of chemokines , deregulate the normal functioning of T lymphocytes and other cells . The events that trigger this inappropriate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses"
] | 2011 | Innate Sensing of HIV-Infected Cells |
The traditional role of African elders and their connection with the community make them important stakeholders in community-based disease control programmes . We explored elders’ memories related to interventions against sleeping sickness to assess whether or not past interventions created any trauma which might hampe... | African elders are recognized by their communities as important traditional leaders . This role gives them an influential position , which is commonly overlooked by disease control programmes . We focused on sleeping sickness a disease which has a long history of control interventions in our study location in north-wes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"rivers",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"uganda",
"para... | 2016 | We Remember… Elders’ Memories and Perceptions of Sleeping Sickness Control Interventions in West Nile, Uganda |
Lipoic acid ( LA ) is an essential cofactor of α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes ( KADHs ) and the glycine cleavage system . In Plasmodium , LA is attached to the KADHs by organelle-specific lipoylation pathways . Biosynthesis of LA exclusively occurs in the apicoplast , comprising octanoyl-[acyl carrier protein]: pr... | Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of severe malaria . The parasites possess two organelles that are integral to their metabolism—the mitochondrion and the apicoplast , a remnant plastid . Both organelles contain enzymes that depend on the attachment of the cofactor lipoic acid for their catalytic activity . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"eukaryotes",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"plasmodium",
"microbiology"
] | 2007 | Apicoplast Lipoic Acid Protein Ligase B Is Not Essential for Plasmodium falciparum |
In a complex environment that contains both opportunities and threats , it is important for an organism to flexibly direct attention based on current events and prior plans . The amygdala , the hub of the brain's emotional system , is involved in forming and signaling affective associations between stimuli and their co... | Emotional experiences grab our attention . Information about the emotional significance of events helps individuals weigh opportunities and dangers to guide goal-directed behavior , but may also lead to irrational decisions when the stakes are perceived to be high . Which neural circuits underlie these contrasting outc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"signaling",
"and",
"communication",
"cell",
"signaling",
"signal",
"inhibition",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"cognition",
"inter... | 2016 | The Emotional Gatekeeper: A Computational Model of Attentional Selection and Suppression through the Pathway from the Amygdala to the Inhibitory Thalamic Reticular Nucleus |
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