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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Protection against malaria often decays in the absence of infection , suggesting that protective immunological memory depends on stimulation . Here we have used CD4+ T cells from a transgenic mouse carrying a T cell receptor specific for a malaria protein , Merozoite Surface Protein-1 , to investigate memory in a Plasm... | Protective immunity against malaria develops only after several infections and can be lost on leaving an area in which malaria is transmitted . This suggests that the chronic infection may maintain the protective immune response . In this paper we have used a mouse model of a blood-stage malaria infection to examine th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Effector Memory Th1 CD4 T Cells Are Maintained in a Mouse Model of Chronic Malaria |
Neutrophil-derived networks of DNA-composed extracellular fibers covered with antimicrobial molecules , referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps ( NETs ) , are recognized as a physiological microbicidal mechanism of innate immunity . The formation of NETs is also classified as a model of a cell death called NETosi... | Periodontitis , or gum disease , is characterized by chronic inflammation and erosion of the tooth-supporting tissues . The condition is fuelled by bacterial accumulation on the tooth surface below the gum line that resists the host innate immune response , including massive accumulation of neutrophils . Despite posses... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"periodontal",
"diseases",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"body",
"fluids",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"light",
"microscopy",
"confocal"... | 2019 | Triggering NETosis via protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 signaling as a mechanism of hijacking neutrophils function for pathogen benefits |
Myeloid cells play numerous roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis serving as a vehicle for viral spread and as a viral reservoir . Yet , cells of this lineage generally resist HIV-1 infection when compared to cells of other lineages , a phenomenon particularly acute during the early phases of infection . Here , we explore the ro... | Macrophages and dendritic cells represent important targets for HIV-1 and the understanding of the complex relationship established between these cells and the virus is of the outmost importance . Here , we show that APOBEC3A , the least known member of the APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases , restricts HIV-1 specif... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | APOBEC3A Is a Specific Inhibitor of the Early Phases of HIV-1 Infection in Myeloid Cells |
Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria in terms of the global impact among diseases caused by parasites . A striking feature of schistosomes are their ability to thrive in their hosts for decades . We have previously demonstrated that stem cells , called neoblasts , promote homeostatic tissue maintenance in adult sc... | Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that infect more than 200 million people in the developing world . Once these parasites infect a human , they are capable of living in the bloodstream for decades . Previously , our group has shown that these parasites have stem cells that are capable of renewing worn out cells in t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"organ",
"transplantation",
"rna",
"interference",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"helminths",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"parasitic",
"diseases",... | 2016 | Tissue Degeneration following Loss of Schistosoma mansoni cbp1 Is Associated with Increased Stem Cell Proliferation and Parasite Death In Vivo |
Shoot branching is a major determinant of plant architecture and is regulated by both endogenous and environmental factors . BRANCHED1 ( BRC1 ) is a central local regulator that integrates signals controlling shoot branching . So far , the regulation of BRC1 activity at the protein level is still largely unknown . In t... | Shoot branching is a key factor that not only affects plant survival but also determines food productivity in crop species . BRANCHED1 ( BRC1 ) integrates internal and external signals to determine shoot branching . However , the regulation of BRC1 at the protein level remains elusive . We found that TIE1 ( TCP interac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"brassica",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"buds",
"regulator",
"genes",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
... | 2018 | The TIE1 transcriptional repressor controls shoot branching by directly repressing BRANCHED1 in Arabidopsis |
With 249 , 007 new leprosy patients detected globally in 2008 , it remains necessary to develop new and effective interventions to interrupt the transmission of M . leprae . We assessed the economic benefits of single dose rifampicin ( SDR ) for contacts as chemoprophylactic intervention in the control of leprosy . We ... | In 2008 , 249 , 007 new leprosy patients were detected in the world . It therefore remains necessary to develop new and effective interventions to interrupt the transmission of M . leprae . We assessed the economic benefits of single dose rifampicin ( SDR ) for contacts as chemoprophylactic intervention in the control ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Cost-Effectiveness of a Chemoprophylactic Intervention with Single Dose Rifampicin in Contacts of New Leprosy Patients |
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder with high heritability ( 50–75% ) , which is probably higher in early-onset and severe cases . Although rare monogenic forms and several genes and regions of susceptibility , including copy number variants ( CNVs ) , have been described , the genetic causes underlying the disease st... | Although there is strong evidence for a high genetic component of obesity , the underlying genetic causes are largely unknown , mostly due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the disorder . In this work , we have focused on the most severe end of the spectrum , severe obesity with early-onset in childhood , which is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"neuropsychiatric",
"disorders",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"spanish",
"people",
"adhd",
"neuroscience",
"alleles",
"ethnicities",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"obesity",
"copy",
"number",
"variation",
"neurotransmitters",... | 2017 | Novel genes involved in severe early-onset obesity revealed by rare copy number and sequence variants |
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Ndd1 is the dedicated transcriptional activator of the mitotic gene cluster , which includes thirty-three genes that encode key mitotic regulators , making Ndd1 a hub for the control of mitosis . Previous work has shown that multiple kinases , including cyclin-dependent kinase ( Cdk1 ) , p... | All cells must regulate cell division in response to extracellular and intracellular cues , and one of the most critical steps to regulate is the process of cell division , or mitosis . In response to DNA damage in budding yeast , cells activate a checkpoint that promotes DNA repair and arrests the cell cycle before di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Ndd1 Turnover by SCFGrr1 Is Inhibited by the DNA Damage Checkpoint in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Hedgehog ( Hh ) signaling regulates embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis through the GPCR-like protein Smoothened ( Smo ) , but how vertebrate Smo is activated remains poorly understood . In Drosophila , Hh dependent phosphorylation activates Smo . Whether this is also the case in vertebrates is unclear ,... | Hedgehog ( Hh ) signaling governs embryonic development and adult homeostasis in species ranging from Drosophila to human , and its malfunction has been implicated in a wide range of human disorders . Hh signal is received by the twelve-transmembrane receptor Patched and transmitted intracellularly by the seven-transme... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Sonic Hedgehog Dependent Phosphorylation by CK1α and GRK2 Is Required for Ciliary Accumulation and Activation of Smoothened |
Association studies in candidate genes have been widely used to search for common low penetrance susceptibility alleles , but few definite associations have been established . We have conducted association studies in breast cancer using an empirical single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) tagging approach to capture com... | The polygenic model of cancer susceptibility suggests that multiple alleles contribute to the excess familial risk of most common cancers . Candidate gene association studies have been a commonly used approach in the search for such alleles . We have investigated over 700 common variants in genes that are candidates fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology"
] | 2007 | Association between Common Variation in 120 Candidate Genes and Breast Cancer Risk |
Protection of Telomeres 1 ( POT1 ) is a conserved nucleic acid binding protein implicated in both telomere replication and chromosome end protection . We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana POT1a associates with the TER1 telomerase RNP , and is required for telomere length maintenance in vivo . Here we further ... | Telomeres are required to stabilize the ends of linear chromosomes , and thus ensure genome integrity . Telomeric DNA is maintained though the action of both conventional and non-conventional DNA replication mechanisms . To ensure that chromosome ends are fully protected and fully replicated , telomeres dynamically osc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"plant",
"science",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"phenotypes",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"plant",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2014 | POT1a and Components of CST Engage Telomerase and Regulate Its Activity in Arabidopsis |
The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus seeds abscesses in host tissues to replicate at the center of these lesions , protected from host immune cells via a pseudocapsule . Using histochemical staining , we identified prothrombin and fibrin within abscesses and pseudocapsules . S . aureus secretes two clotting fac... | Clinical isolates of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus secrete coagulase ( Coa ) , a polypeptide that binds to and activates prothrombin , thereby converting fibrinogen to fibrin and promoting clotting of plasma or blood . Another secreted coagulase , designated von-Willebrand factor binding protein ( vWbp ) , c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"pathology/histopathology",
"hematology/coagulation",
"disorders",
"pathology/hematology",
"microbiology",
"pathology/molecular",
"pathology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
... | 2010 | Contribution of Coagulases towards Staphylococcus aureus Disease and Protective Immunity |
The inability of Mycobacterium leprae to grow on axenic media has necessitated specialized techniques in order to determine viability of this organism . The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and sensitive molecular assay for determining M . leprae viability directly from infected tissues . Two M . leprae-sp... | M . leprae , the causative agent of leprosy , cannot be grown on laboratory culture media . This characteristic , along with its extremely long generation time of 12–14 days , makes the study of the pathogenicity of this organism and the experimental testing of new drugs for the treatment of leprosy extremely difficult... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"immune",
"response",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cytokines",
"immunity",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"gram",
"positive",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogen... | 2013 | Molecular Assays for Determining Mycobacterium leprae Viability in Tissues of Experimentally Infected Mice |
One of the marvels of biology is the phenotypic plasticity of microorganisms . It allows them to maintain high growth rates across conditions . Studies suggest that cells can express metabolic enzymes at tuned concentrations through adjustment of gene expression . The associated transcription factors are often regulate... | To attain high growth rates , microorganisms need to sustain high activities of metabolic reactions . Since the catalysing enzymes are in finite supply , cells need to carefully tune their concentrations . When conditions change , cells need to adjust those concentrations . How cells maintain high metabolism rates acro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"enzymology",
"carbohydrates",
"galactose",
"organic",
"compounds",
"optimization",
"mathematics",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"computer",
"and",
"informati... | 2018 | Maintaining maximal metabolic flux by gene expression control |
The human mutation rate is an essential parameter for studying the evolution of our species , interpreting present-day genetic variation , and understanding the incidence of genetic disease . Nevertheless , our current estimates of the rate are uncertain . Most notably , recent approaches based on counting de novo muta... | The rate at which new heritable mutations occur in the human genome is a fundamental parameter in population and evolutionary genetics . However , recent direct family-based estimates of the mutation rate have consistently been much lower than previous results from comparisons with other great ape species . Because spl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Calibrating the Human Mutation Rate via Ancestral Recombination Density in Diploid Genomes |
Germline stem cell ( GSC ) self-renewal and differentiation are required for the sustained production of gametes . GSC differentiation in Drosophila oogenesis requires expression of the histone methyltransferase dSETDB1 by the somatic niche , however its function in this process is unknown . Here , we show that dSETDB1... | Every multicellular organism is made up of tissues that are maintained by stem cells , due to their capacity to both self-renew and differentiate into terminal cell types . Loss of either of these processes can lead to aging , progression towards degenerative diseases and cancers . Insight into how self-renewal and dif... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"nuclear",
"staining",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"genetic",
"elements",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"staining",
"specimen",
"preparation",
"and",
"treatment",
"genomics",
"animal",
"cells",
"stem",
"cell",
"n... | 2016 | Transposon Dysregulation Modulates dWnt4 Signaling to Control Germline Stem Cell Differentiation in Drosophila |
Understanding how genetic variation affects distinct cellular phenotypes , such as gene expression levels , alternative splicing and DNA methylation levels , is essential for better understanding of complex diseases and traits . Furthermore , how inter-individual variation of DNA methylation is associated to gene expre... | In order to better understand how genetic differences between individuals can cause diseases , it is crucial to understand how genetic variants affect cellular functions in the different tissues that compose the human body . From the umbilical cord of 195 newborn babies , we previously obtained three different cell-typ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Tissue-Specific Effects of Genetic and Epigenetic Variation on Gene Regulation and Splicing |
We have refined a medium-throughput assay to screen hit compounds for activity against N-myristoylation in intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani . Using clinically-relevant stages of wild type parasites and an Alamar blue-based detection method , parasite survival following drug treatment of infected macroph... | We have developed an assay for screening test compounds for their ability to kill intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania parasites , causative agents of human leishmaniasis . The assay is based on freeing amastigotes from infected macrophages by mild detergent lysis and measuring the number of parasites following thei... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"protozoans",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leishmania",
"leishmaniasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"pharmacology",
"drug"... | 2014 | Using a Non-Image-Based Medium-Throughput Assay for Screening Compounds Targeting N-myristoylation in Intracellular Leishmania Amastigotes |
Because of its high sensitivity and its ease of use in the field , the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis ( CATT ) is widely used for mass screening of sleeping sickness . However , the CATT exhibits false-positive results ( i ) raising the question of whether CATT-positive subjects who are negative in parasit... | Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) due to Trypanosoma brucei ( T . b . ) gambiense is usually diagnosed using two sequential steps: first the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis ( CATT ) used for serological screening , followed by parasitological methods to confirm the disease . Currently , CATT will contin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology"
] | 2010 | Revisiting the Immune Trypanolysis Test to Optimise Epidemiological Surveillance and Control of Sleeping Sickness in West Africa |
To clarify E1^E4’s role during high-risk HPV infection , the E4 proteins of HPV16 and 18 were compared side by side using an isogenic keratinocyte differentiation model . While no effect on cell proliferation or viral genome copy number was observed during the early phase of either virus life cycle , time-course experi... | In HPV induced lesions , the most abundant protein expressed in the productive stage of viral life cycle is E1^E4 ( E4 ) , with its expression being coincident with viral genome amplification . To clarify the role of E4 in the high-risk HPV life cycle , we carried out a comparative analysis of E4 function in HPV16 and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"developmental",
"biology",
"dna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"genome",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",... | 2017 | HPV16 and 18 genome amplification show different E4-dependence, with 16E4 enhancing E1 nuclear accumulation and replicative efficiency via its cell cycle arrest and kinase activation functions |
Although more than 2 , 400 genes have been shown to contain variants that cause Mendelian disease , there are still several thousand such diseases yet to be molecularly defined . The ability of new whole-genome sequencing technologies to rapidly indentify most of the genetic variants in any given genome opens an exciti... | Metachondromatosis ( MC ) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by exostoses ( osteochondromas ) , commonly of the hands and feet , and enchondromas of long bone metaphyses and iliac crests . MC exostoses may regress or even resolve over time , and short stature is not characteristic of MC . Here , we sequen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease"
] | 2010 | Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Single Proband Together with Linkage Analysis Identifies a Mendelian Disease Gene |
To examine the relationship between ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and follicular trachoma ( TF ) in children prior to and following multiple rounds of annual mass drug administration ( MDA ) with azithromycin . Thirty-two communities with endemic trachoma in Kongwa District , Tanzania , were offered annual MDA... | Trachoma , which is caused by infection by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis , is the leading preventable cause of blindness worldwide . Annual mass drug administration with azithromycin is recommended for trachoma control; however , monitoring the impact of azithromycin , which targets C . trachomatis , relies on th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ophthalmology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"trachoma"
] | 2014 | The Effect of Multiple Rounds of Mass Drug Administration on the Association between Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Follicular Trachoma in Preschool-Aged Children |
It has not previously been possible to live image the earliest interactions between the host environment and oncogene-transformed cells as they initiate formation of cancers within an organism . Here we take advantage of the translucency of zebrafish larvae to observe the host innate immune cell response as oncogene-tr... | The translucency of zebrafish larvae allows us to live image the earliest dynamic interactions between host innate immune cells and oncogene-transformed cell clones as they first establish themselves as the precursors of full-blown cancer . These early associations manifest via cytoplasmic tethers between an immune cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology/immune",
"response",
"cell",
"biology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"oncology/skin",
"cancers",
"o... | 2010 | Live Imaging of Innate Immune Cell Sensing of Transformed Cells in Zebrafish Larvae: Parallels between Tumor Initiation and Wound Inflammation |
Antibody protection against flaviviruses is associated with the development of neutralizing antibodies against the viral envelope ( E ) protein . Prior studies with West Nile virus ( WNV ) identified therapeutic mouse and human monoclonal antibodies ( MAbs ) that recognized epitopes on domain III ( DIII ) of the E prot... | Dengue virus ( DENV ) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that infects 25 to 100 million humans annually and can progress to a life-threatening hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome . Currently , no vaccines or specific therapies are available . Prior studies identified a highly neutralizing monoclonal antibody ( MAb ) agai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2010 | The Development of Therapeutic Antibodies That Neutralize Homologous and Heterologous Genotypes of Dengue Virus Type 1 |
The ribosomal rDNA gene array is an epigenetically-regulated repeated gene locus . While rDNA copy number varies widely between and within species , the functional consequences of subtle copy number polymorphisms have been largely unknown . Deletions in the Drosophila Y-linked rDNA modifies heterochromatin-induced posi... | The repeated rDNA array gives rise to the nucleolus , which is one of the first described intracellular structures and is known to be involved in key cellular processes such as stress response , cell cycle regulation , RNA modification , and production of more than 90% of all cellular RNAs ( the ribosomal RNAs ) . The ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/nucleolus",
"and",
"nuclear",
"bodies",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics",
"... | 2011 | Ribosomal DNA Deletions Modulate Genome-Wide Gene Expression: “rDNA–Sensitive” Genes and Natural Variation |
Genealogical patterns in different genomic regions may be different due to the joint influence of gene flow and selection . The existence of two subspecies of cultivated rice provides a unique opportunity for analyzing these effects during domestication . We chose 66 accessions from the three rice taxa ( about 22 each ... | The origin of two cultivated rice Oryza sativa indica and O . sativa japonica has been an interesting topic in evolutionary biology . Through whole-genome sequencing , we show that the rice genome embodies two different evolutionary trajectories . Overall genome-wide pattern supports a history of independent origin of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genomics",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"and",
"algal",
"models",
"rice",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Two Evolutionary Histories in the Genome of Rice: the Roles of Domestication Genes |
A fundamental question in biology is how multicellular organisms distinguish self and non-self . The ability to make this distinction allows animals and plants to detect and respond to pathogens without triggering immune reactions directed against their own cells . In plants , inappropriate self-recognition results in ... | Plants and their pathogens are engaged in an endless evolutionary battle . The invention of new strategies by pathogens pushes plants to continuously update their defenses . This in turn leads the pathogens to circumvent these new defenses , and so on . Given the abundance of potential enemies , it is therefore not sur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"and",
"algal",
"models",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"brassica",
"plants",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"evolutionary",
"g... | 2014 | Activation of the Arabidopsis thaliana Immune System by Combinations of Common ACD6 Alleles |
The six-component maintenance of lipid asymmetry ( Mla ) system is responsible for retrograde transport of phospholipids , ensuring the barrier function of the Gram-negative cell envelope . Located within the outer membrane , MlaA ( VacJ ) acts as a channel to shuttle phospholipids from the outer leaflet . We identifie... | The Gram-negative outer membrane is a formidable barrier , primarily because of its asymmetric composition . A layer of lipopolysaccharide is exposed to the external environment and phospholipids are on the internal face of the outer membrane . MlaA is part of a bacterial system that prevents phospholipid accumulation ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"blood",
"serum",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"neisseria",
"gonorrhoeae",
"immunoblotting",... | 2019 | Neisseria gonorrhoeae MlaA influences gonococcal virulence and membrane vesicle production |
To gain insight into the molecular genetic basis of standing variation in fitness related traits , we identify a novel factor that regulates the molecular and physiological basis of natural variation in female Drosophila melanogaster fecundity . Genetic variation in female fecundity in flies derived from a wild orchard... | A major goal of modern evolutionary biology is to elucidate the genetic basis of standing genetic variation underlying fitness traits . This goal is important for a comprehensive picture of the evolutionary process , because it allows us to understand the mode of natural selection on fitness traits and identify the mol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Fine-Scale Mapping of Natural Variation in Fly Fecundity Identifies Neuronal Domain of Expression and Function of an Aquaporin |
Chagas disease ( CD ) is a neglected chronic parasitic infection and a public health problem that is preventable , and has serious complications . In this study , the effects of age , period and birth cohort ( APC Effects ) on the evolution of the mortality of that disease in Brazil , from 1980–2014 , according to sex ... | Chagas disease ( CD ) is a neglected chronic parasitic infection of great interest in public health , because it is preventable and has serious complications . In Brazil , despite the success obtained by controlling transmission by the T . infestans vector and by transfusion screening , the disease still affects more t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"age",
"groups",
"research",
"design",
"cohort",
"studies",
"neglecte... | 2018 | Chagas disease mortality in Brazil: A Bayesian analysis of age-period-cohort effects and forecasts for two decades |
Viruses that generate capped RNA lacking 2′O methylation on the first ribose are severely affected by the antiviral activity of Type I interferons . We used proteome-wide affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry to identify human and mouse proteins specifically binding to capped RNA with different methylation... | Cellular messenger RNAs of higher eukaryotes are capped with a methylated guanine and , in addition , methylated at the 2′O position of the first ribose . Viruses unable to methylate their RNA at the 2′O position of the cap and viruses generating uncapped RNA with 5′ triphosphate groups are inhibited by an antiviral co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Sequestration by IFIT1 Impairs Translation of 2′O-unmethylated Capped RNA |
In Zambia , human anthrax cases often occur following cases of animal anthrax . Human behaviour has been implicated in this transmission . The objective of the study was to explore human behavioural patterns that may contribute to outbreaks of anthrax among affected communities . A mixed methods study was conducted in ... | Infectious diseases including anthrax are not only biologically determined but are also socially constructed and maintained . Yet , most of the interventions employed for the control of anthrax are largely derived from technical solutions with limited consideration of the social conditions existing in the affected comm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ruminants",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"diet",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"products",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"physiological",
"processes",
"nutrition",
"meat",
"eating",
"infectious"... | 2017 | Awareness and attitudes towards anthrax and meat consumption practices among affected communities in Zambia: A mixed methods approach |
During acute bacterial infections such as meningitis , neutrophils enter the tissue where they combat the infection before they undergo apoptosis and are taken up by macrophages . Neutrophils show pro-inflammatory activity and may contribute to tissue damage . In pneumococcal meningitis , neuronal damage despite adequa... | Infections are typically accompanied by inflammation and the presence of leucocytes at the infected site . Especially in pyogenic ( pus generating ) infections , neutrophils are the main leukocytes that arrive and that combat the infection . When the bacteria have been killed , the inflammation also has to be resolved ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"neurological",
"disorders/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"... | 2009 | Apoptosis Is Essential for Neutrophil Functional Shutdown and Determines Tissue Damage in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis |
Premature ovarian failure ( POF ) is a rare , heterogeneous disorder characterized by cessation of menstruation occurring before the age of 40 years . Genetic etiology is responsible for perhaps 25% of cases , but most cases are sporadic and unexplained . In this study , through whole exome sequencing in a non-consangu... | Through whole exome sequencing in a non-consanguineous family having four affected members with POF and Sanger sequencing in 432 sporadic cases , we identified three novel mutations in CSB-PGBD3 . Our functional studies implicate CSB-PGBD3 , a gene which has previously shown association with DNA repair and Cockayne syn... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | CSB-PGBD3 Mutations Cause Premature Ovarian Failure |
Computing has revolutionized the biological sciences over the past several decades , such that virtually all contemporary research in molecular biology , biochemistry , and other biosciences utilizes computer programs . The computational advances have come on many fronts , spurred by fundamental developments in hardwar... | Contemporary biology has largely become computational biology , whether it involves applying physical principles to simulate the motion of each atom in a piece of DNA , or using machine learning algorithms to integrate and mine “omics” data across whole cells ( or even entire ecosystems ) . The ability to design algori... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Fundamentals",
"of",
"Programming",
"Data",
"Collections:",
"Tuples,",
"Lists,",
"For",
"Loops,",
"and",
"Dictionaries",
"Object-Oriented",
"Programming",
"in",
"a",
"Nutshell:",
"Classes,",
"Objects,",
"Methods,",
"and",
"All",
"That",
"F... | [
"linguistics",
"education",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"human",
"factors",
"engineering",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"research",
"and",
"... | 2016 | An Introduction to Programming for Bioscientists: A Python-Based Primer |
Design of proteins with desired thermal properties is important for scientific and biotechnological applications . Here we developed a theoretical approach to predict the effect of mutations on protein stability from non-equilibrium unfolding simulations . We establish a relative measure based on apparent simulated mel... | All-atom molecular simulations have provided valuable insight into the workings of molecular machines and the folding and unfolding of proteins . However , commonly employed molecular dynamics simulations suffer from a limitation in accessible time scale , making it difficult to model large-scale unfolding events in a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Thermal Stabilization of Dihydrofolate Reductase Using Monte Carlo Unfolding Simulations and Its Functional Consequences |
Fonsecaea pedrosoi ( F . pedrosoi ) is the most common agent of chromoblastomycosis . Transformation of this fungus from its saprophytic phase into pathogenic sclerotic cells in tissue is an essential link to the refractoriness of this infection . Experimental studies in murine models have shown that the absence of CD4... | Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic , often debilitating , suppurative , granulomatous mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues beginning after traumatic implantation of melanized fungi , of which Fonsecaea pedrosoi ( F . pedrosoi ) is considered the most common agent . Data suggest that the morphological transformati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"chitin",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"chromoblastomycosis",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"routes",
... | 2018 | Transformation of Fonsecaea pedrosoi into sclerotic cells links to the refractoriness of experimental chromoblastomycosis in BALB/c mice via a mechanism involving a chitin-induced impairment of IFN-γ production |
Protein function is encoded within protein sequence and protein domains . However , how protein domains cooperate within a protein to modulate overall activity and how this impacts functional diversification at the molecular and organism levels remains largely unaddressed . Focusing on three domains of the central clas... | Proteins perform essential regulatory functions , including control of gene transcription , a process central to development , evolution , and disease . While protein domains important for protein activity have been identified , how they act together to define the activity of a protein remains poorly explored . The pre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"molecular",
"development",
"morphogenesis",
"pattern",
"formation",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"genetics",
"genetics",
... | 2011 | Insights into Hox Protein Function from a Large Scale Combinatorial Analysis of Protein Domains |
We characterized the evolution of simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) in the male genital tract by examining blood- and semen-associated virus from experimentally and sham vaccinated rhesus monkeys during primary infection . At the time of peak virus replication , SIV sequences were intermixed between the blood and s... | Methods to reduce the transmission of HIV-1 are hindered by a lack of information regarding early viral dynamics and evolution in the male genital tract . In the present study , we show that SIV in the blood and genital tract are homogeneous during early infection , indicating facile virus gene flow between these compa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"virology/vaccines",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections"... | 2011 | Genital Tract Sequestration of SIV following Acute Infection |
Intravenous delivery of human adipose-derived stromal cells ( hASCs ) is a promising option for the treatment of ischemia . After delivery , hASCs that reside and persist in the injured extravascular space have been shown to aid recovery of tissue perfusion and function , although low rates of incorporation currently l... | Ischemic pathologies , such as acute myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease , continue to be associated with high morbidities and mortalities . Recently , therapies wherein adult stem cells are injected into the circulation have been shown to increase blood flow and help to restore tissue function follow... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/vascular",
"biology",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/peripheral",
"vascular",
"disease",
"biotechnology/bioengineering",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/hemodynamics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Agent-Based Model of Therapeutic Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Trafficking during Ischemia Predicts Ability To Roll on P-Selectin |
Growth rate and nutrient availability are the primary determinants of size in single-celled organisms: rapidly growing Escherichia coli cells are more than twice as large as their slow growing counterparts . Here we report the identification of the glucosyltransferase OpgH as a nutrient-dependent regulator of E . coli ... | The observation that growth rate and nutrient availability strongly influence bacterial cell size was made over forty years ago . Yet , the molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon have remained elusive . Using a genetic approach , we identified proteins responsible for increasing Escherichia coli cell size... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | A Moonlighting Enzyme Links Escherichia coli Cell Size with Central Metabolism |
Productive cell migration requires the spatiotemporal coordination of cell adhesion , membrane protrusion , and actomyosin-mediated contraction . Integrins , engaged by the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) , nucleate the formation of adhesive contacts at the cell's leading edge ( s ) , and maturation of nascent adhesions t... | Cell migration is fundamental to human physiology and a phenomenon of long-standing interest in cell biology . It requires the concerted regulation of several dynamic processes that mediate physical anchorage of the cell and productive generation of protrusion and traction forces that propel the cell forward . In this ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/extra-cellular",
"matrix",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"adhesion",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2010 | Stochastic Model of Integrin-Mediated Signaling and Adhesion Dynamics at the Leading Edges of Migrating Cells |
Precise promoter annotation is required for understanding the mechanistic basis of transcription initiation . In the context of complex genomes , such as herpesviruses where there is extensive genic overlap , identification of transcription start sites ( TSSs ) is particularly problematic and cannot be comprehensively ... | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and the B cell lymphoma primary effusion lymphoma ( PEL ) . Despite identification of the virus over 20 years ago there is still an incomplete understanding of how many RNAs are transcribed fr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
... | 2019 | The landscape of transcription initiation across latent and lytic KSHV genomes |
A key constraint in genomic testing in oncology is that matched normal specimens are not commonly obtained in clinical practice . Thus , while well-characterized genomic alterations do not require normal tissue for interpretation , a significant number of alterations will be unknown in whether they are germline or soma... | We introduce SGZ , a computational method for predicting somatic vs . germline origin and homozygous vs . heterozygous or sub-clonal state of variants identified from deep massively parallel sequencing of clinical formalin-fixed , paraffin embedded ( FFPE ) cancer specimens . The method does not require fresh tissue or... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"ploidy",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncogenes",
"alleles",
"oncology",
"mutation",
"secondary",
"lung",
"tumors",
"population",
"biology",
"mutation",
"databases",
"research",... | 2018 | A computational approach to distinguish somatic vs. germline origin of genomic alterations from deep sequencing of cancer specimens without a matched normal |
Intercellular communication and self-recognition are critical for coordinating cooperative and competitive behaviors during sociomicrobiological community development . Contact-dependent growth inhibition ( CDI ) proteins are polymorphic toxin delivery systems that inhibit the growth of non-self neighboring bacteria th... | As social organisms , bacteria have evolved multiple ways to communicate and interact with their neighbors . Some of these interactions can be beneficial or harmful to certain members of the community , and others involve sharing of genetic material capable of transforming the recipient cell . In this study , we provid... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"plasmid",
"construction",
"mutation",
"genetic",
"elements",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"mutant",
"strains",
"artificial",
"gene",
"amplification",
"and",
"extension",
"... | 2019 | CDI/CDS system-encoding genes of Burkholderia thailandensis are located in a mobile genetic element that defines a new class of transposon |
Ho Chi Minh City and Bangkok are highly dengue endemic . The extent to which disease patterns are attributable to local versus regional dynamics remains unclear . To address this gap we compared key transmission parameters across the locations . We used 2003–2009 age-stratified case data to inform catalytic transmissio... | All four serotypes of dengue have circulated endemically throughout Southeast Asia for decades . However , despite the enormous burden of disease , there remains poor understanding of the similarity in disease patterns across the region . We analyzed data from over 100 , 000 cases of dengue from two of the largest citi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"demography",
"age",
"distribution",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"health",
"care",
"age",
"groups",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases... | 2016 | Synchrony of Dengue Incidence in Ho Chi Minh City and Bangkok |
Leishmaniasis remains a global health problem because of the substantial holes that remain in our understanding of sand fly ecology and the failure of traditional vector control methods . The specific larval food source is unknown for all but a few sand fly species , and this is particularly true for the vectors of Lei... | The sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi is the vector of Leishmania major , which is a causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World . Despite its impact on public health , leishmaniasis remains a problem because of the substantial holes that remain in our understanding of sand fly ecology and the fail... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Ecological and Control Techniques for Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) Associated with Rodent Reservoirs of Leishmaniasis |
In this paper , we suggest that cortical anatomy recapitulates the temporal hierarchy that is inherent in the dynamics of environmental states . Many aspects of brain function can be understood in terms of a hierarchy of temporal scales at which representations of the environment evolve . The lowest level of this hiera... | Currently , there is no theory that explains how the large-scale organization of the human brain can be related to our environment . This is astonishing because neuroscientists generally assume that the brain represents events in our environment by decoding sensory input . Here , we propose that the brain models the en... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | A Hierarchy of Time-Scales and the Brain |
Microbial communities are typically large , diverse , and complex , and identifying and understanding the processes driving their structure has implications ranging from ecosystem stability to human health and well-being . Phylogenetic data gives us a new insight into these processes , providing a more informative pers... | Microbial diversity analyses have revolutionized our knowledge of the microscopic world , from terrestrial and marine to human and urban environments . This growing field rests on the evolutionary relatedness of organisms , and at its frontier is the inference of ecological processes from phylogenetic diversity . Howev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"community",
"ecology",
"community",
"assembly",
"ecology",
"theoretical",
"ecology",
"biology",
"microbial",
"ecology"
] | 2012 | Phylogenetic Diversity Theory Sheds Light on the Structure of Microbial Communities |
Most insect species are associated with vertically transmitted endosymbionts . Because of the mode of transmission , the fitness of these symbionts is dependent on the fitness of the hosts . Therefore , these endosymbionts need to control their proliferation in order to minimize their cost for the host . The genetic ba... | Insects frequently carry intracellular bacteria that are passed from generation to generation through their eggs . These intracellular symbionts can be beneficial or parasitic , but because of their mode of transmission , they are always dependent on the reproduction of their carriers . They therefore have to control t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mutualism Breakdown by Amplification of Wolbachia Genes |
Most cancer cells accumulate genomic abnormalities at a remarkably rapid rate , as they are unable to maintain their chromosome structure and number . Excessively short telomeres , a known source of chromosome instability , are observed in early human-cancer lesions . Besides telomere dysfunction , it has been suggeste... | Chromosome instability leads to the accumulation of chromosome number and structure aberrations that have been suggested as necessary for neoplastic transformation . Telomeres , specialized DNA–protein complexes localized at the physical ends of linear chromosomes , are crucial for maintaining chromosome stability . Ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"telomeres",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"cytokinesis",
"genetics",
"biology",
"cytogenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Progressive Telomere Dysfunction Causes Cytokinesis Failure and Leads to the Accumulation of Polyploid Cells |
Computational models of cholera transmission can provide objective insights into the course of an ongoing epidemic and aid decision making on allocation of health care resources . However , models are typically designed , calibrated and interpreted post-hoc . Here , we report the efforts of a team from academia , field... | Mathematical models of cholera transmission can help predict the dynamics of outbreaks in near real-time in order to inform decision making for emergency management . Following the passage of Hurricane Matthew on cholera-struck Haiti in October 2016 , a large oral cholera vaccine campaign targeting approximately 760 , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"human",
"mobility",
"vaccines",
"north",
"america",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
... | 2018 | Near real-time forecasting for cholera decision making in Haiti after Hurricane Matthew |
FtsZ is a tubulin-like GTPase that is the major cytoskeletal protein in bacterial cell division . It polymerizes into a ring , called the Z ring , at the division site and acts as a scaffold to recruit other division proteins to this site as well as providing a contractile force for cytokinesis . To understand how FtsZ... | Because bacterial cells are so small , it is challenging to image the spatial organization of proteins inside them . All the proteins that orchestrate cell division in these organisms localize to the division site prior to division , but it has not so far been possible to obtain a clear highresolution three-dimensional... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"microbiology",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"division",
"cytokinesis",
"staphylococci",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"bacillus",
"su... | 2012 | 3D-SIM Super Resolution Microscopy Reveals a Bead-Like Arrangement for FtsZ and the Division Machinery: Implications for Triggering Cytokinesis |
Yeasts serve as hosts to several types of genetic parasites . Few studies have addressed the evolutionary trajectory of yeast genes that control the stable co-existence of these parasites with their host cell . In Saccharomyces yeasts , the retrovirus-like Ty retrotransposons must access the nucleus . We show that seve... | Genomes are the blueprint of life , but they are also plagued by parasites . Genomic parasites are elements like transposons , which are strings of genetic sequence with the capability of propagating through genomes . It is interesting to consider how organisms evolve to protect their genomes from the unchecked propaga... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"microbiology",
"parasitology",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"cell",
"nucleus",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"nu... | 2018 | Control of yeast retrotransposons mediated through nucleoporin evolution |
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ( CRISPR ) /Cas9 technology has rapidly emerged as a very effective tool for gene editing . Although great advances on gene editing in the medical entomology field have arisen , no attempts of gene editing have been reported in sand flies , the vectors of Leishm... | The CRISPR/Cas9 system , based on the adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea against viral infections , has been adapted and has rapidly emerged as a very effective genetic engineering tool in many organisms . Although great advances on gene editing in the medical entomology field have arisen , no attempts have... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microinjection",
"sand",
"flies",
"animals",
"organisms",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"molecular",
"bi... | 2018 | Optimization of sand fly embryo microinjection for gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 |
The interplay between signalling pathways and metabolism is crucial for tissue growth . Yet , it remains poorly understood . Here , we studied the consequences of modulating iron metabolism on the growth of Drosophila imaginal discs . We find that reducing the levels of the ferritin heavy chain in the larval wing discs... | Despite being vital , the role of metals in biology is often overlooked . Specifically , how iron storage contributes to development remains unclear . Here , we dissected the function of the cellular iron storage complex , Ferritin , during development of a model organ , the fly wing . We took a genetic approach to unc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"invertebrates",
"reactive",
"oxygen",
"species",
"rna",
"interference",
"cell",
"processes",
"cloning",
"animals",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"fer... | 2019 | Ferritin heavy chain protects the developing wing from reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis |
Upon recognition of viral components by pattern recognition receptors , such as the toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I ( RIG-I ) -like helicases , cells are activated to produce type I interferon ( IFN ) and proinflammatory cytokines . These pathways are tightly regulated by the host to pre... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , a major cause of chronic hepatitis , end-stage cirrhosis , and hepatocellular carcinoma , has chronically infected 200 million people worldwide and 3–4 million more each year . When triggered by viral infection , host cells produce type I interferon ( IFN ) and proinflammatory cytokines to a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunity",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2013 | HCV-Induced miR-21 Contributes to Evasion of Host Immune System by Targeting MyD88 and IRAK1 |
We use the budding yeast , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , to investigate one model for the initial emergence of multicellularity: the formation of multicellular aggregates as a result of incomplete cell separation . We combine simulations with experiments to show how the use of secreted public goods favors the formation of... | The evolution of multicellularity is one of the major steps in the history of life and has occurred many times independently . Despite this , we do not understand how and why single-celled organisms first joined together to form multicellular clumps of cells . Here , we show that clumps of cells can cooperate , using s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"cell",
"growth",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Sucrose Utilization in Budding Yeast as a Model for the Origin of Undifferentiated Multicellularity |
The transcriptome of the brain changes during development , reflecting processes that determine functional specialization of brain regions . We analyzed gene expression , measured using in situ hybridization across the full developing mouse brain , to quantify functional specialization of brain regions . Surprisingly ,... | Brain development is one of the most complex biological processes , orchestrated by the precisely timed and coordinated expression of thousands of genes . As the brain develops , specific regions are formed , their structure and function reflected in unique sets of expressed genes . Regional gene expression profiles de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Specialization of Gene Expression during Mouse Brain Development |
Cytokinesis in many organisms requires a plasma membrane anchored actomyosin ring , whose contraction facilitates cell division . In yeast and fungi , actomyosin ring constriction is also coordinated with division septum assembly . How the actomyosin ring interacts with the plasma membrane and the plasma membrane-local... | Cell division in many organisms requires the function of an actomyosin ring , an apparatus that resembles the force generating machinery in the muscle . This ring apparatus is attached to the cell periphery ( cell membranes ) such that when it contracts , it brings the cell periphery together with it , leading to cell ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"walls",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"cell",
"division",
"analysis",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"cellular",
"structures... | 2016 | A New Membrane Protein Sbg1 Links the Contractile Ring Apparatus and Septum Synthesis Machinery in Fission Yeast |
In this study , B cell function in protective TH2 immunity against N . brasiliensis infection was investigated . Protection against secondary infection depended on IL-4Rα and IL-13; but not IL-4 . Protection did not associate with parasite specific antibody responses . Re-infection of B cell-specific IL-4Rα−/− mice res... | Parasitic nematode infections are an extremely important global public health problem . Infections by hookworms and roundworms for example cause anemia , widespread developmental problems and devalued immunity against bacterial infections such as salmonella and tuberculosis . Although treatable with drugs , parasitic n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | IL-4Rα-Associated Antigen Processing by B Cells Promotes Immunity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection |
In Drosophila , post-transcriptional gene silencing occurs when exogenous or endogenous double stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) is processed into small interfering RNAs ( siRNAs ) by Dicer-2 ( Dcr-2 ) in association with a dsRNA-binding protein ( dsRBP ) cofactor called Loquacious ( Loqs-PD ) . siRNAs are then loaded onto Argona... | The RNA interference ( RNAi ) pathway utilizes small non-coding RNAs to silence gene expression . In insects , RNAi regulates endogenous genes and functions as an RNA-based immune system against viral infection . Here we have uncovered details of how RNAi is triggered by RNA viruses . Double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) gene... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Functional Specialization of the Small Interfering RNA Pathway in Response to Virus Infection |
A key component of working memory is the ability to remember multiple items simultaneously . To understand how the human brain maintains multiple items in memory , we examined direct brain recordings of neural oscillations from neurosurgical patients as they performed a working memory task . We analyzed the data to ide... | In our daily lives , we often have to keep multiple items active in our working memory—for instance , a series of digits in a phone number . How does the brain perform this task ? In 1995 , Lisman and Idiart proposed that multi-item working memory was supported by a mechanism in which individual memory items are repeat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brain",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"mathematics",
"cognition",
"brain",
"mapping",
"computational",
"neuroscie... | 2018 | Serial representation of items during working memory maintenance at letter-selective cortical sites |
Soil-transmitted helminths ( STH ) are a major cause of morbidity in tropical developing countries with a global infection prevalence of more than one billion people and disease burden of around 3 . 4 million disability adjusted life years . Infection prevalence directly correlates to inadequate sanitation , impoverish... | Soil-transmitted helminthiases are among the most prevalent and damaging neglected tropical diseases and have a significant global health impact . Accurate identification and quantitation of STH infection is a cornerstone of effective control . Direct observation and counting of eggs in faeces is the current gold-stand... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"necator",
"americanus",
"ascaris",
"ascaris",
"lumbricoides",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"biology",
"tec... | 2019 | Development and validation of a multiplexed-tandem qPCR tool for diagnostics of human soil-transmitted helminth infections |
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , transmitted by tsetse flies , has historically infected hundreds of thousands of individuals annually in sub-Saharan Africa . Over the last decade , concerted control efforts have reduced reported cases to below 10 , 000 annually , bringing complete elimination within reach . A p... | Human African trypanosomiasis , also known as sleeping sickness , is a parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa . The disease leads to death if not treated . Recent control efforts have reduced the burden of disease from hundreds of thousands of cases per year to fewer than 10 , 000 cases ann... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"demography",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"population",
"dynamics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"wolbachia",
"neglected",
"t... | 2016 | Determinants of Human African Trypanosomiasis Elimination via Paratransgenesis |
Morphological consistency in metazoans is remarkable given the pervasive occurrence of genetic variation , environmental effects , and developmental noise . Developmental stability , the ability to reduce developmental noise , is a fundamental property of multicellular organisms , yet its genetic bases remains elusive ... | Developing organisms face genetic , environmental , and stochastic variations , and yet their ability to reach stereotyped phenotypes is pervasive . Although genetic bases of this robustness are actively investigated , no consensus has been achieved , some authors attributing it to particular genes such as Hsp90 , whil... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Developmental Stability: A Major Role for Cyclin G in Drosophila melanogaster |
While genetic screens have identified many genes essential for neurite outgrowth , they have been limited in their ability to identify neural genes that also have earlier critical roles in the gastrula , or neural genes for which maternally contributed RNA compensates for gene mutations in the zygote . To address this ... | Development and function of the brain requires the coordinated action of thousands of genes , and currently we understand the roles of only a small fraction of them . Recent advances in genomics , such as the sequencing of entire genomes and the discovery of RNA-interference as a means of testing the effects of gene lo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology",
"computer",
"science/applications",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"... | 2008 | Identification of Neural Outgrowth Genes using Genome-Wide RNAi |
HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses limit viral replication in untreated infection . After the initiation of antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) , these responses decay and the infected cell population that remains is commonly considered to be invisible to T-cells . We hypothesized that HIV antigen recognition may persist in... | Antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) potently suppresses HIV , to the point where it is difficult to detect in treated individuals . HIV does persist at low levels , however , and rebounds if ART is stopped . The state in which HIV persists is commonly thought to be invisible to immune responses , such as killer T-cells , wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiolo... | 2017 | T-cell responses targeting HIV Nef uniquely correlate with infected cell frequencies after long-term antiretroviral therapy |
Infection with influenza virus can result in massive pulmonary infiltration and potentially fatal immunopathology . Understanding the endogenous mechanisms that control immunopathology could provide a key to novel adjunct therapies for this disease . Here we show that the cytokine IL-27 plays a crucial role in protecti... | Annual epidemics of influenza result in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and approximately 300 , 000 deaths around the world . Although most patients infected with normal circulating influenza A viruses recover from the illness , complications arise during infections with highly pathogenic strains of the virus , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"virology",
"influenza",
"respiratory",
"f... | 2014 | Timed Action of IL-27 Protects from Immunopathology while Preserving Defense in Influenza |
In heme proteins , the efficient transport of ligands such as NO or O2 to the binding site is achieved via ligand migration networks . A quantitative assessment of ligand diffusion in these networks is thus essential for a better understanding of the function of these proteins . For this , Xe migration in truncated hem... | Binding and transport of ligands in proteins is essential , in particular in globular proteins which often exhibit internal cavities . In truncated Hemoglobin N ( trHbN ) these cavities are arranged as a network with particular connectivities . The present work supports the notion that ligand diffusion in trHbN is an a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/discussion"
] | [
"heme",
"globular",
"proteins",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"probability",
"distribution",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"hemoglobin",
"thermodynamics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"amino",
"acid",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"information... | 2017 | Migration of small ligands in globins: Xe diffusion in truncated hemoglobin N |
A causative agent of human malaria , Plasmodium falciparum , is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes . The malaria parasite is under intensive attack from the mosquito's innate immune system during its sporogonic development . We have used genetic engineering to create immune-enhanced Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes thro... | Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasites which are transmitted by the Anopheles mosquitoes , and the mosquito's innate immune system plays an important role in blocking the parasite at several sporogonic stages . Our previous studies have shown that one of the major mosquito immune pathways , IMD , is important in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immune",
"activation",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"gene",
"function",
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"anopheles",
"immune",
"defense",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"immunoregulation",
"medical"... | 2011 | Engineered Anopheles Immunity to Plasmodium Infection |
Rickettsioses are one of the most important causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from developed countries , but little is known about their incidence in indigenous populations , especially in West Africa . Overall seroprevalence evaluated by immunofluorescence using six rickettsial antigens ( spotted feve... | Spotted fever rickettsioses are endemic diseases known since the beginning of the 21st century . They may be severe , like Rocky Mountain Spotted fever in the Americas , and are always transmitted by the tick bite . In Africa , little is known about the prevalence of these diseases; most available data is from the trav... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | Tick-Borne Rickettsioses, Neglected Emerging Diseases in Rural Senegal |
HD amino acid duplex has been found in the active center of many different enzymes . The dyad plays remarkably different roles in their catalytic processes that usually involve metal coordination . An HD motif is positioned directly on the amyloid beta fragment ( Aβ ) and on the carboxy-terminal region of the extracell... | HD amino acid duplex can be found in the active center of different metallo-enzymes . An HD motif is positioned directly on the amyloid beta ( Aβ ) fragment and on the carboxy-terminal region of the extracellular domain of the human amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) and a taxonomically well defined group of APP ortholo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"dementia",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"neurology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Positive Evolutionary Selection of an HD Motif on Alzheimer Precursor Protein Orthologues Suggests a Functional Role |
Salmonella enterica is a frequent cause of bloodstream infection ( BSI ) in Asia but few data are available from Cambodia . We describe Salmonella BSI isolates recovered from patients presenting at Sihanouk Hospital Centre of Hope , Phnom Penh , Cambodia ( July 2007–December 2010 ) . Blood was cultured as part of a mic... | Salmonella enterica is a bacterium that causes important morbidity and mortality worldwide , especially in tropical low-resource settings . Over the past two decades , increasing rates of resistance for the commonly available oral antibiotics have been reported in Salmonella spp . , especially from South ( east ) Asia ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"salmonellosis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"travel-ass... | 2012 | Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella Bloodstream Infections in Cambodian Adults |
Using the murine model of tyrosinemia type 1 ( fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase [FAH] deficiency; FAH−/− mice ) as a paradigm for orphan disorders , such as hereditary metabolic liver diseases , we evaluated fibroblast-derived FAH−/−-induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPS cells ) as targets for gene correction in combinatio... | Pluripotent stem cells have unlimited self-renewing capability and the potential to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the body . Pluripotent stem cells are therefore of great interest for future cell-based therapies and are already in use today for studying diseases “in a dish” and screening for new drugs ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"embryology",
"cell",
"potency",
"stem",
"cells",
"induced",
"pluripotent",
"stem",
"cells",
"biology",
"cell",
"differentiation"
] | 2011 | Generation of Healthy Mice from Gene-Corrected Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
A comprehensive , domain-wide comparative analysis of genomic imprinting between mammals that imprint and those that do not can provide valuable information about how and why imprinting evolved . The imprinting status , DNA methylation , and genomic landscape of the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster were determined in eutherian , meta... | Mammals have two copies of each gene in their somatic cells , and most of these gene pairs are regulated and expressed simultaneously . A fraction of mammalian genes , however , is subject to imprinting—a chemical modification that marks a gene according to its parental origin , so that one parent's copy is expressed w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | The Evolution of the DLK1-DIO3 Imprinted Domain in Mammals |
A fundamental question in human motor neuroscience is to determine how the nervous system generates goal-directed movements despite inherent physiological noise and redundancy . Walking exhibits considerable variability and equifinality of task solutions . Existing models of bipedal walking do not yet achieve both cont... | When we walk , we walk in real-world contexts and with specific goal to achieve . Side-to-side movements are paramount because walking bipeds ( humans , animals , robots , etc . ) are inherently more unstable laterally . This is particularly important in older adults as sideways falls greatly increase hip fracture risk... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"legs",
"feet",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"statistics",
"social",
"sciences",
"robots",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"body",
"limbs",
"research",
"and",
"a... | 2019 | Humans use multi-objective control to regulate lateral foot placement when walking |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a vector-borne disease of increasing importance in northeastern Brazil . It is known that sandflies , which spread the causative parasites , have weather-dependent population dynamics . Routinely-gathered weather data may be useful for anticipating disease risk and planning interventio... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a disease resulting from infection by the Leishmania parasites , which humans may acquire when bitten by an infected sandfly . From a public health standpoint , it is important to identify cases early and monitor patients' clinical outcomes because unsuccessfully-treated patients are a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"plant",
"science",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"plant",
"... | 2014 | Forecasting Temporal Dynamics of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil |
Substitutions of individual amino acids in proteins may be under very different evolutionary restraints depending on their structural and functional roles . The Environment Specific Substitution Table ( ESST ) describes the pattern of substitutions in terms of amino acid location within elements of secondary structure ... | Identification of residues responsible for a specific function of a protein can provide clues about the mechanism of action . Computational approaches to identifying functional residues have emerged as low-cost alternatives to experimental methods by providing fast and large-scale analyses . Moreover , the demand for s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biochemistry/bioinformatics",
"evolutionary",
"biol... | 2008 | Discarding Functional Residues from the Substitution Table Improves Predictions of Active Sites within Three-Dimensional Structures |
Several studies have proposed different genetic markers of susceptibility to develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy ( CCC ) . Many genes may be involved , each one making a small contribution . For this reason , an appropriate approach for this problematic is to study a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( ... | Chagas disease caused by the infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in Latin America . In Argentina , it is estimated 1 . 5 million patients have Chagas disease and 2 . 2 million people in risk of T . cruzi infection . The endemic area covers the north of the country where the conditions , such as hi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cardiomyopathies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"argentina",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"genetic",
"predisposition",
"protozoans",
"neg... | 2019 | Association study between CCR2-CCR5 genes polymorphisms and chronic Chagas heart disease in Wichi and in admixed populations from Argentina |
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has made significant progress toward interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) through mass drug administration ( MDA ) . Operational challenges in defining endpoints of elimination programs include the need to determine appropriate post-MDA surveill... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is caused by infection with filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquito bites . Globally , 36 million are disfigured and disabled by complications such as severe swelling of the legs ( elephantiasis ) or scrotum ( hydrocele ) . The Global Programme to Eliminate LF ( GPELF ) aims to inter... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"american",
"samoa",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pacific",
"islands",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"filariasis",
"forecasting",
"mathem... | 2016 | Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in American Samoa: Evaluation of Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Surveillance Tool in the Endgame |
Selective neuronal vulnerability is characteristic of most degenerative disorders of the CNS , yet mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly characterized . Many forms of cerebellar degeneration exhibit an anterior-to-posterior gradient of Purkinje cell loss including Niemann-Pick type C1 ( NPC ) disease , a ... | Niemann-Pick type C1 ( NPC ) disease is an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder for which there is no effective treatment . Patients develop a clinically heterogeneous phenotype that typically includes childhood onset neurodegeneration and early death . Mice with loss of function mutations in the Npc1 gene model ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"death",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"hela",
"cells",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"neuroscience",
"brain",
"mapping",
"cell",
"cultures",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"heat",
"shock",
"response",
"anima... | 2016 | Heat Shock Protein Beta-1 Modifies Anterior to Posterior Purkinje Cell Vulnerability in a Mouse Model of Niemann-Pick Type C Disease |
Calmodulin lysine methyl transferase ( CaM KMT ) is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved from plants to vertebrates . CaM is frequently trimethylated at Lys-115 , however , the role of CaM methylation in vertebrates has not been studied . CaM KMT was found to be homozygously deleted in the 2P21 deletion syndrome... | Calmodulin ( CaM ) is a highly abundant , ubiquitous , small protein , which plays a major role in the transmission of calcium signals to target proteins in eukaryotes . Hundreds of CaM targets are known , and their respective cellular functions include signaling , metabolism , cytoskeletal regulation , and ion channel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Calmodulin Methyltransferase Is Required for Growth, Muscle Strength, Somatosensory Development and Brain Function |
Acute encephalitis is an important and severe disease in children in Vietnam . However , little is known about the etiology while such knowledge is essential for optimal prevention and treatment . To identify viral causes of encephalitis , in 2004 we conducted a one-year descriptive study at Children's Hospital Number ... | Viral encephalitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in Vietnam . However little is known about the causes of the disease due to a lack of diagnostic facilities in this relatively resource-poor setting . Knowledge about the etiologies and clinical outcome of viral encephalitis is necessary for future desi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Viral Etiology of Encephalitis in Children in Southern Vietnam: Results of a One-Year Prospective Descriptive Study |
Two-component signaling systems ( TCSs ) are one of the mechanisms that bacteria employ to sense and adapt to changes in the environment . A prototypical TCS functions as a phosphorelay from a membrane-bound sensor histidine kinase ( HK ) to a cytoplasmic response regulator ( RR ) that controls target gene expression .... | The vertebrate host is a hostile environment to microbes , where large variations in temperature , oxygen , and nutrient availability challenge microbial replication . In order to successfully infect vertebrates , pathogens must sense that they have entered their host and alter gene expression accordingly . One way bac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"physical",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Two-Component System Cross-Regulation Integrates Bacillus anthracis Response to Heme and Cell Envelope Stress |
During meiosis , homologous chromosomes recognize each other , align , and exchange genetic information . This process requires the action of RecA-related proteins Rad51 and Dmc1 to catalyze DNA strand exchanges . The Mnd1–Hop2 complex has been shown to assist in Dmc1-dependent processes . Furthermore , higher eukaryot... | During meiosis , two rounds of chromosome segregation follow a single round of chromosome duplication , leading to the production of haploid gametes . It is during this specialised cell division that genetic traits are recombined , achieved by mutual exchange of DNA sequences of homologous chromosomes . Recombination e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"arabidopsis",
"(thale",
"cress)",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2007 | The Interplay of RecA-related Proteins and the MND1–HOP2 Complex during Meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection and remains a major public health problem in many areas of the world . Challenges to its timely diagnosis result in delay in treatment , which is usually associated with severe disability . Although phenolic glycolipid ( PGL ) -I has been reported as auxiliary diagnos... | Despite the substantial decrease in its prevalence , leprosy continues to be a worldwide challenge . Early diagnosis and treatment are important to interrupt transmission . Currently , there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of leprosy . Bacilloscopy and histopathology studies are complementary exams that provide h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected"... | 2016 | Identifying Leprosy and Those at Risk of Developing Leprosy by Detection of Antibodies against LID-1 and LID-NDO |
Gene expression data , in conjunction with information on genetic variants , have enabled studies to identify expression quantitative trait loci ( eQTLs ) or polymorphic locations in the genome that are associated with expression levels . Moreover , recent technological developments and cost decreases have further enab... | The combination of gene expression and genetic variation data has enabled the identification of genetic variants that affect gene expression levels . It has been shown that some variants influence gene expression in only one tissue while others influence gene expression in multiple tissues . However , an analysis of mu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"statistical",
"methods"
] | 2013 | Effectively Identifying eQTLs from Multiple Tissues by Combining Mixed Model and Meta-analytic Approaches |
Lyme Disease caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi is an emerging infectious disease and already by far the most common vector-borne disease in the U . S . Similar to many other infections , infection with B . burgdorferi results in strong antibody response induction , which can be used clinically as a diagnost... | Infections with the Lyme Disease agent , Borrelia burgdorferi , often fail to generate long-term protective immunity . We show here that this is because the immune system of the Borrelia-infected host generates only short-lived , structurally abnormal and non-functional germinal centers . These germinal centers fail to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Suppression of Long-Lived Humoral Immunity Following Borrelia burgdorferi Infection |
Translational systems can respond promptly to sudden environmental changes to provide rapid adaptations to environmental stress . Unlike the well-studied translational responses to oxidative stress in eukaryotic systems , little is known regarding how prokaryotes respond rapidly to oxidative stress in terms of translat... | All organisms need to respond quickly to sudden environmental changes . Translational regulation can occur in response to environmental stresses within minutes , which is much faster than transcriptional regulation , and thus normally provides immediate adaptation . Eukaryotic cells can manipulate their tRNA molecules ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Transfer RNAs Mediate the Rapid Adaptation of Escherichia coli to Oxidative Stress |
Neuronal responses to ongoing stimulation in many systems change over time , or “adapt . ” Despite the ubiquity of adaptation , its effects on the stimulus information carried by neurons are often unknown . Here we examine how adaptation affects sensory coding in barrel cortex . We used spike-triggered covariance analy... | Neuronal responses to continued stimulation change over time , or “adapt . ” Adaptation can be crucial to our brain's ability to successfully represent the environment: for example , when we move from a dim to a bright scene adaptation adjusts neurons' response to a given light intensity , enabling them to be maximally... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"rattus",
"(rat)"
] | 2007 | Shifts in Coding Properties and Maintenance of Information Transmission during Adaptation in Barrel Cortex |
Neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) is a major public health problem in many developing countries where health education , sanitation , and meat inspection infrastructure are insufficient . The condition occurs when humans ingest eggs of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium , which then develop into larvae in the central nervous sys... | Neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) is a major public health problem caused by the larvae of the parasite Taenia solium . The condition occurs when humans ingest eggs of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium , which then develop into larvae in the central nervous system . The disease is predominantly found and considered important in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Estimating the Non-Monetary Burden of Neurocysticercosis in Mexico |
Mexico is one of the six countries formerly endemic for onchocerciasis in Latin America . Transmission has been interrupted in the three endemic foci of that country and mass drug distribution has ceased . Three years after mass drug distribution ended , post-treatment surveillance ( PTS ) surveys were undertaken which... | Onchocerciasis , or river blindness , is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted by the international community for elimination . In Mexico , onchocerciasis was historically endemic in three foci , which included Northern Chiapias , Southern Chiapas and Oaxaca . Both the criteria for verification of elimination... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico |
Certain RNA and DNA viruses that infect plants , insects , fish or poikilothermic animals encode Class 1 RNaseIII endoribonuclease-like proteins . dsRNA-specific endoribonuclease activity of the RNaseIII of rock bream iridovirus infecting fish and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt crinivirus ( SPCSV ) infecting plants has b... | RNA interference ( RNAi ) is a cellular mechanism activated by double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) . Cellular dsRNA-specific RNaseIII enzymes ( Dicer ) recognize dsRNA and process it into double-stranded small interfering RNAs ( ds-siRNAs ) of 21–25 nucleotides ( nt ) . siRNAs guide RNAi to degrade also single-stranded RNA h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Suppression of RNAi by dsRNA-Degrading RNaseIII Enzymes of Viruses in Animals and Plants |
The role of chromosomal inversions in adaptation and speciation is controversial . Historically , inversions were thought to contribute to these processes either by directly causing hybrid sterility or by facilitating the maintenance of co-adapted gene complexes . Because inversions suppress recombination when heterozy... | Genome rearrangements that change the order of genes along a chromosome are known as inversions and have long been hypothesized to be involved in the origin of species . Yet the way inversions contribute to adaptation and speciation remains mysterious . In this study , we identified a geographically widespread adaptive... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"plant",
"biology/plant-environment",
"interactions",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"ge... | 2010 | A Widespread Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism Contributes to a Major Life-History Transition, Local Adaptation, and Reproductive Isolation |
Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles that originated from the endosymbiosis of an alpha-proteobacterium . To gain insight into the evolution of the mitochondrial proteome as it proceeded through the transition from a free-living cell to a specialized organelle , we compared a reconstructed ancestral proteome of the m... | Mitochondria are compartments from the eukaryotic cell that originated from the endosymbiosys of an alpha-proteobacterium . The bacterial-like metabolism of this early endosymbiont was thought to differ substantially from that of modern mitochondria , but so far we do not know the details of this bacterium-to-organelle... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"eukaryotes",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | From Endosymbiont to Host-Controlled Organelle: The Hijacking of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis and Metabolism |
Shotgun metagenomics has been applied to the studies of the functionality of various microbial communities . As a critical analysis step in these studies , biological pathways are reconstructed based on the genes predicted from metagenomic shotgun sequences . Pathway reconstruction provides insights into the functional... | We present a probabilistic sampling approach to profiling metabolic reactions in a microbial community from metagenomic shotgun reads , in an attempt to understand the metabolism within a microbial community and compare them across multiple communities . Different from the conventional pathway reconstruction approaches... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genomics",
"metagenomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Probabilistic Inference of Biochemical Reactions in Microbial Communities from Metagenomic Sequences |
Control of the mosquito vector population is the most effective strategy currently available for the prevention of dengue fever and the containment of outbreaks . Photo-activated oxidants may represent promising tools for developing effective , safe and ecofriendly novel larvicides . The purpose of this study was to ev... | Dengue is a life-threatening viral disease of growing importance , transmitted by Aedes mosquito vectors . The control of mosquito larvae is crucial to contain or prevent disease outbreaks , and the discovery of new larvicides able to increase the efficacy and the flexibility of the vector control approach is highly de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mosquitoes",
"photochemistry",
"chemistry",
"vectors",
"and",
"hosts",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"physical",
"chemistry"
] | 2011 | Novel, Meso-Substituted Cationic Porphyrin Molecule for Photo-Mediated Larval Control of the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti |
Vesicular stomatitis virus ( VSV ) is the prototype for negative sense non segmented ( NNS ) RNA viruses which include potent human and animal pathogens such as Rabies , Ebola and measles . The polymerases of NNS RNA viruses only initiate transcription at or near the 3′ end of their genome template . We measured the di... | RNA dependent RNA Polymerases tight association with their template creates an almost infinite dilution transcription machinery . Polymerases are delivered to the host cytoplasm associated with the genome template , however , they initiate transcription only at or near the 3′ end of the genome template . How these poly... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Polymerase's Strong Affinity to Its Template Suggests Exotic Transcription Models |
Beginning January 2012 , a humane method of dog population management using a Catch-Neuter-Vaccinate-Release ( CNVR ) program was implemented in Dhaka City , Bangladesh as part of the national rabies control program . To enable this program , the size and distribution of the free-roaming dog population needed to be est... | Rabies is a public health problem in Bangladesh . A CNVR program was commenced in Dhaka City in January 2012 as part of the Bangladesh national rabies control program . We describe the findings of a dog population survey that was conducted to estimate the free-roaming dog population using a mark-resight framework and t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Free-Roaming Dog Population Estimation and Status of the Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Program in Dhaka City, Bangladesh |
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