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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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A common-sense assumption concerning visual perception states that brightness and darkness cannot coexist at a given spatial location . One corollary of this assumption is that achromatic colors , or perceived grey shades , are contained in a one-dimensional ( 1-D ) space varying from bright to dark . The results of ma... | Vision scientists have long adhered to the classic opponent-coding theory of vision , which states that bright–dark , red–green , and blue–yellow form mutually exclusive color pairs . According to this theory , it is not possible to see both brightness and darkness at a single spatial location , or an extended set of l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"ophthalmology",
"neuroscience",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2007 | Brightness and Darkness as Perceptual Dimensions |
The ability of specific neurons to regenerate their axons after injury is governed by cell-intrinsic regeneration pathways . However , the signaling pathways that orchestrate axon regeneration are not well understood . In Caenorhabditis elegans , initiation of axon regeneration is positively regulated by SVH-2 Met-like... | An axon’s ability to regenerate after injury is governed by cell-intrinsic regeneration pathways . The C . elegans JNK MAP kinase pathway is required for the regrowth of neurons after injury . Previously , we identified several svh genes involved in JNK-mediated signaling . Among them , the svh-1 and svh-2 genes encode... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"caenorhabditis",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"collagens",
"motor",
"neurons",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"dna",
"res... | 2016 | The C. elegans Discoidin Domain Receptor DDR-2 Modulates the Met-like RTK–JNK Signaling Pathway in Axon Regeneration |
Z-discs are organizing centers that establish and maintain myofibril structure and function . Important Z-disc proteins are α-actinin , which cross-links actin thin filaments at the Z-disc and Zasp PDZ domain proteins , which directly interact with α-actinin . Here we investigate the biochemical and genetic nature of t... | Although Zasp PDZ domain proteins are known to bind α-actinin and play a role in muscle assembly and maintenance , the details and importance of this interaction have not been assessed . Here we demonstrate that a conserved motif in the N-terminal part of the Zasp52 PDZ domain is responsible for α-actinin binding and t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"actin",
"filaments",
"myofibrils",
"muscle",
"tissue",
"light",
"microscopy",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"muscle",
"proteins",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"microsc... | 2016 | Zasp52, a Core Z-disc Protein in Drosophila Indirect Flight Muscles, Interacts with α-Actinin via an Extended PDZ Domain |
Neuronal responses characterized by regular tuning curves are typically assumed to arise from structured synaptic connectivity . However , many responses exhibit both regular and irregular components . To address the relationship between tuning curve properties and underlying circuitry , we analyzed neuronal activity r... | Relationships between the activity of single neurons and experimental parameters are often characterized by functions called tuning curves . Regular tuning-curve shapes are typically assumed to arise from structure in the synaptic inputs to each neuron . We found that the activities of neurons in primary motor cortex d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"muscle",
"electrophysiology",
"vision",
"forearms",
"neuronal",
"tuning"... | 2016 | Tuning Curves for Arm Posture Control in Motor Cortex Are Consistent with Random Connectivity |
ClinicalTrials . gov NCT03014167
The general objective of DeWorm3 is to determine the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of STH ( A . lumbricoides , A . duodenale , N . americanus and T . trichiura ) in focal geographic areas in Africa and Asia by expanding the population targeted and the frequency of deliver... | Soil-transmitted helminths ( STH ) affect 1 . 45 billion people worldwide , and high intensity infections are associated with anemia , undernutrition and impaired cognition , particularly among children . Mathematical models suggest it may be possible to interrupt the transmission of STH in a community by expanding mas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"education",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"social",
"sciences",
"census",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"malawi",
"health",
"care",
"research",
"design",
"pharmaceutics",
"benin",
"drug",
... | 2018 | Assessing the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths through mass drug administration: The DeWorm3 cluster randomized trial protocol |
Many behavioral phenomena have been found to spread interpersonally through social networks , in a manner similar to infectious diseases . An important difference between social contagion and traditional infectious diseases , however , is that behavioral phenomena can be acquired by non-social mechanisms as well as thr... | Information , trends , behaviors and even health states may spread between contacts in a social network , similar to disease transmission . However , a major difference is that as well as being spread infectiously , it is possible to acquire this state spontaneously . For example , you can gain knowledge of a particula... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"determinants",
"of",
"health",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/obesity",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Infectious Disease Modeling of Social Contagion in Networks |
Leishmania parasites are transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies that maintain the enzootic cycle by circulating between sylvatic and domestic mammals . Humans are part of this cycle as accidental hosts due to the vector’s search for a source of blood . In Algeria , Human Leishmaniases ( HL ) are endemic and repr... | Leishmaniases are a group of diseases with various clinical manifestations caused by parasites ( Leishmania spp . ) . More than 20 Leishmania species that affect human and mammals are transmitted by the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand flies . In Algeria , two main forms of the disease exist: visceral leish... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"population",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"gene",
"pool",
"diptera",
"protozo... | 2018 | Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum DNA and host blood meal identification in Phlebotomus in a hypoendemic focus of human leishmaniasis in northern Algeria |
The interferon ( IFN ) -mediated innate immune response is the first line of defense against viruses . However , an IFN-stimulated gene , the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 ( ADAR1 ) , favors the replication of several viruses . ADAR1 binds double-stranded RNA and converts adenosine to inosine by deamination . Thi... | The innate immune response is a double-edged sword . It must protect the host from pathogens while avoiding accidental recognition of “self” molecular patterns , which can lead to autoimmune reactions . Double-stranded RNA is among the most potent inducers of cellular stress and interferon responses . We characterize h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"glycosylamines",
"hela",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"cell",
"cultures",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"old",
"... | 2018 | Extensive editing of cellular and viral double-stranded RNA structures accounts for innate immunity suppression and the proviral activity of ADAR1p150 |
A central challenge in the analysis of genetic variation is to provide realistic genome simulation across millions of samples . Present day coalescent simulations do not scale well , or use approximations that fail to capture important long-range linkage properties . Analysing the results of simulations also presents a... | Our understanding of the distribution of genetic variation in natural populations has been driven by mathematical models of the underlying biological and demographic processes . A key strength of such coalescent models is that they enable efficient simulation of data we might see under a variety of evolutionary scenari... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"population",
"genetics",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"plant",
"science",
"mathematics",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"plant",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techn... | 2016 | Efficient Coalescent Simulation and Genealogical Analysis for Large Sample Sizes |
MIP-T3 is a human protein found previously to associate with microtubules and the kinesin-interacting neuronal protein DISC1 ( Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 ) , but whose cellular function ( s ) remains unknown . Here we demonstrate that the C . elegans MIP-T3 ortholog DYF-11 is an intraflagellar transport ( IFT ) prote... | The transport of protein complexes and associated cargo along microtubule tracks represents an essential eukaryotic process responsible for a multitude of cellular functions , including cell division , vesicle movement to membranes , and trafficking along dendrites , axons , and cilia . The latter organelles are hair-l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"cell",
"biology/cytoskeleton"
] | 2008 | An Essential Role for DYF-11/MIP-T3 in Assembling Functional Intraflagellar Transport Complexes |
Treatment of onchocerciasis using mass ivermectin administration has reduced morbidity and transmission throughout Africa and Central/South America . Mass drug administration is likely to exert selection pressure on parasites , and phenotypic and genetic changes in several Onchocerca volvulus populations from Cameroon ... | Onchocerciasis is a human parasitic disease endemic across large areas of Sub-Saharan Africa , where more than 99% of the estimated 100 million people globally at-risk live . The microfilarial stage of Onchocerca volvulus causes pathologies ranging from mild itching to visual impairment and ultimately , irreversible bl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"onchocerca",
"volvulus",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"helminths",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"onchocerca",
"population",
"biology",
"africa",
"cameroon",
"genetic",
"loci",
"animal",
... | 2017 | Genome-wide analysis of ivermectin response by Onchocerca volvulus reveals that genetic drift and soft selective sweeps contribute to loss of drug sensitivity |
Danforth's short tail mutant ( Sd ) mouse , first described in 1930 , is a classic spontaneous mutant exhibiting defects of the axial skeleton , hindgut , and urogenital system . We used meiotic mapping in 1 , 497 segregants to localize the mutation to a 42 . 8-kb intergenic segment on chromosome 2 . Resequencing of th... | Birth defects are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality . We studied the Danforth's short tail mouse , a classic mouse model of birth defects involving the skeleton , gut , and urinary system . We precisely localized the mutation responsible for these birth defects to a 42 . 8-kb segment on chromosome 2 an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"pediatric",
"nephrology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"skeletal",
"development",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"morphogenesis",
"embryology",
"birth",
"defects",
"biology",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"... | 2013 | A Retrotransposon Insertion in the 5′ Regulatory Domain of Ptf1a Results in Ectopic Gene Expression and Multiple Congenital Defects in Danforth's Short Tail Mouse |
Despite its critical importance in experimental and clinical neuroscience , at present there is no systematic method to predict which neural elements will be activated by a given stimulation regime . Here we develop a novel approach to model the effect of cortical stimulation on spiking probability of neurons in a volu... | Brain stimulation is widely used to probe the neural system to learn about its properties , to normalize dysfunction ( e . g . , deep brain stimulation for Parkinsonian patients ) , or to manipulate brain activity , including enhancing memory and learning . Despite its critical importance in experimental and clinical n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"functional",
"electrical",
"stimulation",
"ganglion",
"cells",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"inter... | 2019 | Selective recruitment of cortical neurons by electrical stimulation |
By eliciting inflammatory responses , the human immunosurveillance system notably combats invading pathogens , during which acute phase proteins ( CRP and cytokines ) are elevated markedly . However , the Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a persistent opportunistic pathogen prevalent at the site of local inflammation , and its... | An opportunistic pathogen , Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes local inflammation in various tissues and is an important cause of hospital-acquired infections . While this may manifest as a hot-tub rash , failure to limit such localized inflammation may cause life-threatening septic shock to ensue , leading to multiple orga... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Local Inflammation Induces Complement Crosstalk Which Amplifies the Antimicrobial Response |
Patients with mutations of the THRA gene exhibit classical features of hypothyroidism , including erythroid disorders . We previously created a mutant mouse expressing a mutated TRα1 ( denoted as PV; Thra1PV/+ mouse ) that faithfully reproduces the classical hypothyroidism seen in patients . Using Thra1PV/+ mice , we e... | Patients with mutations of the THRA gene exhibit erythroid disorders . The molecular pathogenesis underlying erythroid abnormalities is poorly understood . In Thra1PV/+ mice expressing a dominant negative mutant TRα1PV , we found abnormal red blood cell indices similar to patients . Total bone marrow cells , the clonog... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"hormones",
"thyroid",
"hormones",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"physiological",
"processes",
"mutation",
"model",
"organisms",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
"experimental",
... | 2017 | Defective erythropoiesis caused by mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor α gene |
The goal of the innate immune system is to reduce pathogen spread prior to the initiation of an effective adaptive immune response . Following an infection at a peripheral site , virus typically drains through the lymph to the lymph node prior to entering the blood stream and being systemically disseminated . Therefore... | Prior to the eradication of variola virus , the orthopoxvirus that causes smallpox , one-third of infected people succumbed to the disease . Despite many complications , smallpox vaccination using vaccinia virus enabled a successful eradication of the disease . Following smallpox eradication , vaccinia ( the smallpox v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"immune",
"cells",
"ears",
"immunology",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"otology",
"model",
"organisms",
"skin",
"infections",
"ear",
"infections",
"e... | 2017 | A systemic macrophage response is required to contain a peripheral poxvirus infection |
Population models of host–parasite interactions predict that when different parasite genotypes compete within a host for limited resources , those that exploit the host faster will be selected , leading to an increase in parasite virulence . When parasites sharing a host are related , however , kin selection should lea... | Infections of one host individual by multiple genotypes of a parasite occur in many natural systems and have major consequences on the evolution of disease severity . Under such multiple infections , the parasite genotypes compete for the host's limited resources , and the faster exploiters will be advantaged over more... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungi",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"plants"
] | 2007 | Multiple Infections by the Anther Smut Pathogen Are Frequent and Involve Related Strains |
Genetic variation within and between species can be shaped by population-level processes and mutation; however , the relative impact of “survival of the fittest” and “arrival of the fittest” on phenotypic evolution remains unclear . Assessing the influence of mutation on evolution requires understanding the relative ra... | Genetic dissection of phenotypic differences within and between species has shown that mutations affecting either the expression or function of a gene product can contribute to phenotypic evolution; mutations that alter gene copy number have also been shown to be an important source of phenotypic variation . Predicting... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Contrasting Properties of Gene-Specific Regulatory, Coding, and Copy Number Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Frequency, Effects, and Dominance |
How the human brain evolved has attracted tremendous interests for decades . Motivated by case studies of primate-specific genes implicated in brain function , we examined whether or not the young genes , those emerging genome-wide in the lineages specific to the primates or rodents , showed distinct spatial and tempor... | The genetic changes that contribute to the evolution of the human brain have always attracted wide interest . There is an emerging consensus that while there have been no major patterns of genome-wide changes to the coding regions of brain-related genes , changes in the regulation of these genes , and especially in the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Accelerated Recruitment of New Brain Development Genes into the Human Genome |
The outbreak of cholera in Zimbabwe intensified interest in the control and prevention of cholera . While there is agreement that safe water , sanitation , and personal hygiene are ideal for the long term control of cholera , there is controversy about the role of newer approaches such as oral cholera vaccines ( OCVs )... | Cholera outbreaks have had catastrophic impact on societies for centuries . Despite more than half a century of advocacy for safe water , sanitation and hygiene , approximately 100 , 000 cholera cases and 5 , 000 deaths were reported in Zimbabwe between August 2008 and by July 2009 . Safe and effective oral cholera vac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"non-clinical",
"medicine/health",
"services",
"administration",
"and",
"management",
"immunology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infections",
"non-clinical",... | 2011 | The Case for Reactive Mass Oral Cholera Vaccinations |
In 2014–2015 , we assessed favipiravir tolerance and efficacy in patients with Ebola virus ( EBOV ) disease ( EVD ) in Guinea ( JIKI trial ) . Because the drug had never been used before for this indication and that high concentrations of the drugs were needed to achieve antiviral efficacy against EBOV , a pharmacokine... | In 2014–2015 , the JIKI trial was conducted in Guinea to test favipiravir tolerance and efficacy in patients with Ebola virus disease ( EDV ) . The main results of the trial were previously published without drug concentrations which were not available at the time of publication . The purpose of this study was to repor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"albumins",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"microbiology",
"biomarkers",
"pharmaceutics",
"pharmacology",
"viral",
"load",
"proteins",
"hematology",
"creatinine",
"... | 2017 | Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in Ebola-Infected patients of the JIKI trial reveals concentrations lower than targeted |
Hypertension is a major health problem of largely unknown genetic origins . To identify new genes responsible for hypertension , genetic analysis of recombinant inbred strains of mice followed by human association studies might prove powerful and was exploited in our current study . Using a set of 27 recombinant BXD st... | To identify new genes responsible for hypertension , a major health problem , we performed a genetic analysis of recombinant inbred strains of mice followed by human association studies . Using a set of 27 recombinant BXD strains of mice , we identified a quantitative trait locus for blood pressure ( BP ) on distal chr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/adrenal",
"cortex",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/hypertension",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/m... | 2009 | Identification of the UBP1 Locus as a Critical Blood Pressure Determinant Using a Combination of Mouse and Human Genetics |
Replication fork arrest is a recognized source of genetic instability , and transcription is one of the most prominent causes of replication impediment . We analyze here the requirement for recombination proteins in Escherichia coli when replication–transcription head-on collisions are induced at a specific site by the... | Genomes are duplicated prior to cell division by DNA replication , and in all organisms replication impairment leads to chromosome instability . In bacteria , replication and transcription take place simultaneously , and in eukaryotes house-keeping genes are expressed during the S-phase; consequently , transcription is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Replication Fork Reversal after Replication–Transcription Collision |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a neglected tropical disease that affects the poorest communities and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality . Visceral leishmaniasis is characterized by the presence of Leishmania parasites in the spleen , liver and bone marrow , hepatosplenomegaly , pancytopenia , prolonged fev... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , a disease caused by a parasite , Leishmania , belongs to the most neglected tropical diseases: they mainly occur in low-income countries and affect the poorest populations . The parasites are transmitted via the bite of an insect vector and migrate to the internal organs . When VL occurs... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"developmental",
"biology",
... | 2017 | Disease severity in patients with visceral leishmaniasis is not altered by co-infection with intestinal parasites |
Mycobacterium ulcerans infection , known as Buruli ulcer , is a disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues which is an important but neglected tropical disease with its major impact in rural parts of West and Central Africa where facilities for diagnosis and management are poorly developed . We evaluated fluorescent ... | Mycobacterium ulcerans infection , known as Buruli ulcer , is a disease that affects the skin and underlying tissues . The organism responsible for the infection produces a potent toxin called mycolactone that causes extensive skin damage . Easy to perform and cheaper techniques are needed for diagnostic confirmation .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Simple, Rapid Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease Diagnosis from Clinical Samples by Fluorescence of Mycolactone on Thin Layer Chromatography |
A mass Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) vaccination program targeting children was launched in Taiwan in 1968 , and the number of pediatric JE cases substantially decreased thereafter . The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term trend of JE incidence , and to investigate the age-specific seroprevalence of JE-neut... | JE is one of the major public health problems in Asian and the Western Pacific regions , and most cases occur in children under the age of 14 years . A JE virus infection can cause severe sequelae such as an impairment of language ability , cognitive ability , or movement . Because humans are a dead-end host of the JE ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"japanese",
"encephalitis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epid... | 2014 | The Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis in Taiwan—A Population-Based Study |
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic bacterial infections in humans are a severe cause of morbidity and mortality . Although NOD-like receptors ( NLRs ) NOD2 and NLRP3 have important roles in the generation of protective immune responses to enteric pathogens , whether there is crosstalk among NLRs to regulate immune ... | Caspase-11 is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death in response to certain gram-negative bacterial infections like Citrobacter rodentium . However , how C . rodentium drives caspase-11 expression and activation is not well understood . Here , we demonstrate that the NOD2-RIP2 pathway regulates react... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gram",
"negative",
"bacteria",
"biochemistry",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"pattern",
"recognition",
"receptors",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"proteins",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology"... | 2014 | Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Caspase-11 Expression and Activation of the Non-canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome during Enteric Pathogen Infection |
In the scientific literature , spin refers to reporting practices that distort the interpretation of results and mislead readers so that results are viewed in a more favourable light . The presence of spin in biomedical research can negatively impact the development of further studies , clinical practice , and health p... | In the scientific literature , spin refers to reporting practices that distort the interpretation of results and mislead readers so that results are viewed in a more favourable light . The presence of spin in biomedical research can negatively impact the development of further studies , clinical practice , and health p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"clinical",
"oncology",
"social",
"sciences",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trials",
"neuroscience",
"political",
"science",
"observational",
"studies",
"oncology",
"research",
"design",
"clinical",
"medicine"... | 2017 | ‘Spin’ in published biomedical literature: A methodological systematic review |
Context-dependent genetic effects , including genotype-by-environment and genotype-by-sex interactions , are a potential mechanism by which genetic variation of complex traits is maintained in populations . Pleiotropic genetic effects are also thought to play an important role in evolution , reflecting functional and d... | We look at gene-by-diet and gene-by-sex interactions underlying natural variation in multiple metabolic traits mapping to the same regions of the genome in a mouse model . We find that the underlying genetic architecture of these traits is different in different sex and diet contexts . We further use expression data an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"genetics",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"population",
"biology",
"genetic",
"epidemiology",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"environmental",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"theory",
"evolutionary",
... | 2011 | Genetic Effects at Pleiotropic Loci Are Context-Dependent with Consequences for the Maintenance of Genetic Variation in Populations |
The filarial parasites Loa loa and Mansonnella perstans are endemic in the central and western African forest block . Loa loa is pathogenic and represents a major obstacle to the control of co-endemic filariae because its treatment can cause fatal complications such as encephalitis . 4392 individuals aged over 15 years... | Loa loa and Mansonella perstans are blood filarial parasites , endemic in the central and western African forest block , and transmitted by chrysops and culicoides flies , respectively . Loa loa is pathogenic and represents a major obstacle to the control of co-endemic filariae . Treatment of individuals with >8000 Loa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Epidemiology of Concomitant Infection Due to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in Gabon |
To control soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections , the World Health Organization recommends school-based deworming programs with a health hygiene education component . The effect of such health hygiene interventions , however , has not been adequately studied . The objective of the present study was to determine... | The World Health Organization ( WHO ) recommends including a health hygiene education component into school-based deworming programs to reduce intestinal worm re-infection in treated children; however , the effect of these types of educational interventions has not been adequately studied . In this study , we investiga... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"epidemiology",
"public",
"health"
] | 2013 | Impact of Health Education on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in Schoolchildren of the Peruvian Amazon: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial |
A major component of obesity-related insulin resistance is the establishment of a chronic inflammatory state with invasion of white adipose tissue by mononuclear cells . This results in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines , which in turn leads to insulin resistance in target tissues such as skeletal muscle and li... | Obesity represents a major health burden with steadily increasing incidence . While it is associated with numerous co-morbidities , type 2 diabetes mellitus represents one of the major life-threatening , obesity-related conditions . Over the last years , it has become clear that during the course of obesity development... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/obesity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/type",
"2",
"diabetes"
] | 2010 | Myeloid Cell-Restricted Insulin Receptor Deficiency Protects Against Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Systemic Insulin Resistance |
Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is an autoimmune disease driving inflammatory and degenerative processes that damage the central nervous system ( CNS ) . However , it is not well understood how these events interact and evolve to evoke such a highly dynamic and heterogeneous disease . We established a hypothesis whereby the ... | Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is an autoimmune disease in which inflammatory and degenerative processes damage the brain . We tested the hypothesis that the variability in disease progression and the clinical heterogeneity observed in MS is driven by a single mechanism , namely the autoimmune attack on the CNS that provoke... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"nervous",
"system",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"brain",
"damage",
"immunology",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modelin... | 2017 | Dynamics and heterogeneity of brain damage in multiple sclerosis |
Although antiretroviral drug therapy suppresses human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 ( HIV-1 ) to undetectable levels in the blood of treated individuals , reservoirs of replication competent HIV-1 endure . Upon cessation of antiretroviral therapy , the reservoir usually allows outgrowth of virus and approaches to targe... | Despite the success of potent antiretroviral therapy in suppressing the amount of virus in peripheral blood for long periods of time , a reservoir of infectious virus persists in CD4 T cells , implying the need for long-term treatment . Strategies to control and ultimately eliminate the viral reservoir within specific ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"antimicrobials",
"antiretrovirals",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"lymphoid... | 2018 | Increased T cell trafficking as adjunct therapy for HIV-1 |
Etsrp/Etv2 ( Etv2 ) is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of vascular development in vertebrates . Etv2 deficiency prevents the proper specification of the endothelial cell lineage , while its overexpression causes expansion of the endothelial cell lineage in the early embryo or in embryonic stem cells . We h... | The endothelial cell is a specialized cell type that lines blood vessels . These cells are involved in normal cardiovascular function and become damaged in cardiovascular disease states such as atherosclerosis and stroke . We have discovered that developing muscle cells in the zebrafish embryo can be converted into end... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cardiovascular"
] | 2013 | Transdifferentiation of Fast Skeletal Muscle Into Functional Endothelium in Vivo by Transcription Factor Etv2 |
Upon viral infection , mitochondrial antiviral signaling ( MAVS ) protein serves as a key adaptor to promote cytokine production . We report here that murine gamma herpesvirus 68 ( γHV68 ) , a model virus for oncogenic human gamma herpesviruses , subverts cytokine production via the MAVS adaptor . During early infectio... | Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens chiefly through anti-viral cytokines . The mitochondrial antiviral signaling ( MAVS ) -dependent innate immune pathways are critical for inflammatory cytokine production . Deficiency in essential innate immune components , such as MAVS , se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Murine Gamma Herpesvirus 68 Hijacks MAVS and IKKβ to Abrogate NFκB Activation and Antiviral Cytokine Production |
Uganda has reported five ( 5 ) Ebola virus disease outbreaks and three ( 3 ) Marburg virus disease outbreaks from 2000 to 2016 . Peoples’ knowledge and attitude towards Ebola and Marburg virus disease impact on control and prevention measures especially during outbreaks . We describe knowledge and attitude towards Ebol... | Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) and Marburg Virus Disease ( MVD ) are caused by a family of viruses known as Filoviruses . When they occur , they cause high lethality among infected people , which causes panic to the population , as well as interfering with the health care delivery system , especially in developing countri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"uganda",
"health",
"care",
"viruses",
"filoviruses",
"rna",
"viruse... | 2017 | Knowledge and attitude towards Ebola and Marburg virus diseases in Uganda using quantitative and participatory epidemiology techniques |
The presence of oligomeric aggregates , which is often observed during the process of amyloid formation , has recently attracted much attention because it has been associated with a range of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases . We provide a description of a sequence-indepedent m... | Considerable efforts are currently devoted to the study of the phenomenon of protein aggregation because of its association with a wide variety of human diseases and of its potential applications in biotechnology . Despite intense scrutiny , however , it has been extremely challenging so far to characterise in detail t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2008 | A Generic Mechanism of Emergence of Amyloid Protofilaments from Disordered Oligomeric Aggregates |
Elevated serum uric acid levels cause gout and are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes . To investigate the polygenetic basis of serum uric acid levels , we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans from 14 studies totalling 28 , 141 participants of European descent , resulting in ide... | Elevated serum uric acid levels cause gout and are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes . The regulation of serum uric acid levels is under a strong genetic control . This study describes the first meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans from 14 studies totalling 28 , 141 participants of Europea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"computational",
"biology/mole... | 2009 | Meta-Analysis of 28,141 Individuals Identifies Common Variants within Five New Loci That Influence Uric Acid Concentrations |
The genus Salmonella contains two species , S . bongori and S . enterica . Compared to the well-studied S . enterica there is a marked lack of information regarding the genetic makeup and diversity of S . bongori . S . bongori has been found predominantly associated with cold-blooded animals , but it can infect humans ... | The bacterial genus Salmonella consists of two species: Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori . Salmonella are common causes of food poisoning in humans and can also cause more severe disease such as typhoid fever . Most of the Salmonella that cause disease in humans and animals are members of S . enterica . On th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Salmonella bongori Provides Insights into the Evolution of the Salmonellae |
Understanding early events of HIV transmission within mucosal tissues is vital for developing effective prevention strategies . Here , we report that primary stromal fibroblasts isolated from endometrium , cervix , foreskin , male urethra , and intestines significantly increase HIV infection of CD4+ T cells–by up to 37... | The molecular basis by which small amounts of HIV can initiate infection in the mucosa is not well understood . Here , we report that genital and rectal fibroblasts , amongst the most abundant cells of the mucosa , potently increase HIV infection of T cells . Fibroblasts are more abundant and can be more effective as i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"fibroblasts",
"hormones",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immuno... | 2017 | Mucosal stromal fibroblasts markedly enhance HIV infection of CD4+ T cells |
Variation at regulatory elements , identified through hypersensitivity to digestion by DNase I , is believed to contribute to variation in complex traits , but the extent and consequences of this variation are poorly characterized . Analysis of terminally differentiated erythroblasts in eight inbred strains of mice ide... | Regulatory sites of the genome affect gene expression and complex traits , including disease susceptibility . Variable regulatory sites are potentially interesting because they are a likely cause of phenotypic variation , providing a bridge between sequence and transcriptional variation . In this paper we identify regi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"functional",
"genomics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"trait",
"locus",
"analysis",
"chromatin"
] | 2013 | Causes and Consequences of Chromatin Variation between Inbred Mice |
Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone ( FQ ) used for the treatment of leprosy . FQs are known to interact with both A and B subunits of DNA gyrase and inhibit supercoiling activity of this enzyme . Mutations conferring FQ resistance have been reported to be found only in the gene encoding A subunit of this enzyme ( gyrA ) of... | Leprosy is one of the oldest human infectious diseases , which remains a public health problem with more than 200 , 000 new cases every year worldwide . Since the late 1990s , multi-drug resistant leprosy , resistant to rifampicin and dapsone , has emerged and the importance of ofloxacin has increased . However , their... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbial",
"mutation",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Impact of Amino Acid Substitutions in B Subunit of DNA Gyrase in Mycobacterium leprae on Fluoroquinolone Resistance |
Wilms' tumour ( WT ) is a pediatric tumor of the kidney that arises via failure of the fetal developmental program . The absence of identifiable mutations in the majority of WTs suggests the frequent involvement of epigenetic aberrations in WT . We therefore conducted a genome-wide analysis of promoter hypermethylation... | The development of tissues and organs in the human body requires carefully regulated production of proteins by cells . Proteins permit the growth and development of the many varied structures required for a healthy body . In many diseases , including some cancers , tissues and organs fail to develop as they should due ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"nephrology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/cancer",
"genetics",
"cell",
"biology/gene... | 2009 | Frequent Long-Range Epigenetic Silencing of Protocadherin Gene Clusters on Chromosome 5q31 in Wilms' Tumor |
Erythema nodosum leprosum ( ENL ) is a severe multisystem immune mediated complication of borderline lepromatous leprosy and lepromatous leprosy . ENL is associated with skin lesions , neuritis , arthritis , dactylitis , eye inflammation , osteitis , orchitis , lymphadenitis and nephritis . The treatment of ENL require... | Leprosy is caused by a bacterium and is curable with a combination of antibiotics known as multi-drug therapy , which patients take for six or 12 months . However , a significant proportion of leprosy patients experience severe inflammation in their skin , nerves and other organs known as erythema nodosum leprosum ( EN... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | ENLIST 1: An International Multi-centre Cross-sectional Study of the Clinical Features of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum |
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen of increasing importance due to its propensity for intractable multidrug-resistant infections in hospitals . All clinical isolates examined contain a conserved gene cluster , the K locus , which determines the production of complex polysaccharides , including an exop... | Acinetobacter baumannii has gained notoriety as a cause of hospital-acquired infections that are difficult to treat due to extensive antibiotic resistance . While the microorganism rarely causes disease in the community , it commonly infects patients receiving antibiotics . The factors intrinsic to the bacterium that e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Antibiotic Modulation of Capsular Exopolysaccharide and Virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii |
Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine ( m6A ) is a highly prevalent and reversible modification within eukaryotic mRNAs that has been linked to many stages of RNA processing and fate . Recent studies suggest that m6A deposition and proteins involved in the m6A pathway play a diverse set of roles in either restric... | In addition to its roles in regulating cellular RNA fate , methylation at the N6 position of adenosine ( m6A ) of mRNA has recently emerged as a mechanism for regulating viral infection . While it has been known for over 40 years that the mRNA of nuclear replicating DNA viruses contain m6A , only recently have studies ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"messenger",
"rna",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"rna",
"isolation",
"molecu... | 2018 | N6-methyladenosine modification and the YTHDF2 reader protein play cell type specific roles in lytic viral gene expression during Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection |
Host cell invasion by apicomplexan pathogens such as the malaria parasite Plasmodium spp . and Toxoplasma gondii involves discharge of proteins from secretory organelles called micronemes and rhoptries . In Toxoplasma a protein complex comprising the microneme apical membrane antigen 1 ( AMA1 ) , two rhoptry neck prote... | Malaria is caused by a singe-celled parasite that invades and grows within red blood cells . Many available antimalarial drugs are increasingly ineffective , and there is no vaccine . Certain malarial proteins induce protective antibody responses that prevent red cell invasion . This study focuses on the mechanism by w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"biochemistry/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2009 | An Inhibitory Antibody Blocks Interactions between Components of the Malarial Invasion Machinery |
Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for Natural Killer ( NK ) cells in the control of HIV-1 infection . Recently , it was shown that NK cell-mediated immune pressure can result in the selection of HIV-1 escape mutations . A potential mechanism for this NK cell escape is the selection of HLA class I-present... | Distinguishing between “self” and “non-self” is one of the fundamental principles of immune responses against viral infections . Upon viral infection the peptide repertoire presented by HLA class I molecules changes , potentially providing signals that result in recognition and elimination of the infected cell by the h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immune",
"cells",
"major",
"histocompatibility",
"complex",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"aids",
"immunology",
"biology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2012 | HLA-Cw*0102-Restricted HIV-1 p24 Epitope Variants Can Modulate the Binding of the Inhibitory KIR2DL2 Receptor and Primary NK Cell Function |
Glucose induces anthocyanin accumulation in many plant species; however , the molecular mechanism involved in this process remains largely unknown . Here , we found that apple hexokinase MdHXK1 , a glucose sensor , was involved in sensing exogenous glucose and regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis . In vitro and in vivo ... | Glucose is considered as a major regulatory molecule in addition to being essential metabolic nutrients and structural components in higher plants . As is well known , hexokinase1 ( HXK1 ) is a glucose sensor that integrates diverse signals to govern gene expression and plant growth in response to environmental cues . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"brassica",
"carbohydrates",
"glucose",
"metabolism",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"model",
"organisms",
"glucose",
"signaling",
"crops",
"plants",
"arabidopsis",
"thaliana",
"research",
"and",
... | 2016 | Glucose Sensor MdHXK1 Phosphorylates and Stabilizes MdbHLH3 to Promote Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Apple |
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damaged cellular macromolecules caused by declining repair and elimination pathways . An integral component employed by cells to counter toxic protein aggregates is the conserved ubiquitin/proteasome system ( UPS ) . Previous studies have described an age-dependent decline ... | The ubiquitin/proteasome system ( UPS ) is an integral part of the machinery that maintains cellular protein homeostasis and represents the major pathway for specific protein degradation in the cytoplasm and nuclei of eukaryotic cells . Its proteolytic capacity declines with age . In parallel , substrate load for the U... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"enzymes",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"genetics",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"biology",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2011 | Elevated Proteasome Capacity Extends Replicative Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Alu and B1 repeats are mobile elements that originated in an initial duplication of the 7SL RNA gene prior to the primate-rodent split about 80 million years ago and currently account for a substantial fraction of the human and mouse genome , respectively . Following the primate-rodent split , Alu and B1 elements sprea... | Despite their fundamental role in cell regulation , genes account for less than 1% of the human genome . Recent studies have shown that non-genic regions of our DNA may also play an important functional role in human cells . In this paper , we study Alu and B elements , a specific class of such non-genic elements that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2009 | Alu and B1 Repeats Have Been Selectively Retained in the Upstream and Intronic Regions of Genes of Specific Functional Classes |
Whether codon usage fine-tunes mRNA translation in mammals remains controversial , with recent papers suggesting that production of proteins in specific Gene Ontological ( GO ) pathways can be regulated by actively modifying the codon and anticodon pools in different cellular conditions . In this work , we compared the... | Do mammalian cells employ codon usage alterations in groups of transcripts to control protein translation ? Although long documented in prokaryotes , single-cell eukaryotes and protozoa , no convincing evidence has been presented to indicate this is the case in mammals . Nevertheless , many recent studies have asserted... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"transfer",
"rna",
"messenger",
"rna",
"nucleotides",
"anticodons",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"gene",
"expression",
"gene",
"ontologies",
"animal",
"genomics",
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"protein",
"translation",
"genetics",
"transcr... | 2016 | Codon-Driven Translational Efficiency Is Stable across Diverse Mammalian Cell States |
Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules ( DAMPs ) signal the presence of tissue damage to induce immune responses in plants and animals . Here , we report that High Mobility Group Box 3 ( HMGB3 ) is a novel plant DAMP . Extracellular HMGB3 , through receptor-like kinases BAK1 and BKK1 , induced hallmark innate im... | In mammals , extracellular HMGB1 is the prototypic Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern ( DAMP ) molecule , which activates inflammatory and immune responses to protect against infection and promote healing after tissue damage . Increasing evidence argues that it also plays important roles in many diseases . In contrast... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"apoplastic",
"space",
"immunology",
"cell",
"signaling",
"plant",
"science",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"photosynthesis",
"ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate",
"carboxylase",
"oxygenase",
"plant... | 2016 | Activation of Plant Innate Immunity by Extracellular High Mobility Group Box 3 and Its Inhibition by Salicylic Acid |
Novel therapies are urgently needed against hepatitis C virus infection ( HCV ) , a major global health problem . The current model of infectious virus production suggests that HCV virions are assembled on or near the surface of lipid droplets , acquire their envelope at the ER , and egress through the secretory pathwa... | Novel antiviral strategies are needed to combat the HCV pandemic . Understanding viral-host determinants involved in mediating assembly is critical for the development of drugs targeting this stage of the HCV life cycle . We identified a conserved heretofore unrecognized tyrosine motif within core , which is homologous... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"functional",
"genomics",
"protein",
"interactions",
"small",
"molecules",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"hepatitis",
"hepatitis",
"c",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"genomics",
"proteins",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"drug"... | 2012 | Identification and Targeting of an Interaction between a Tyrosine Motif within Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein and AP2M1 Essential for Viral Assembly |
Type IVa pili ( T4P ) are bacterial surface structures that enable motility , adhesion , biofilm formation and virulence . T4P are assembled by nanomachines that span the bacterial cell envelope . Cycles of T4P assembly and retraction , powered by the ATPases PilB and PilT , allow bacteria to attach to and pull themsel... | Type IV pili ( T4P ) are assembled on the surfaces of many bacterial pathogens and commensals through the action of specialized assembly machines whose components and structures are the subject of intense study . Repeated cycles of T4P assembly , attachment and retraction allow bacteria to move or “twitch” along surfac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"pili",
"and",
"fimbriae",
"phosphatases",
... | 2017 | Interaction of the cyclic-di-GMP binding protein FimX and the Type 4 pilus assembly ATPase promotes pilus assembly |
Although facial cleanliness is part of the SAFE strategy for trachoma there is controversy over the reliability of measuring a clean face . A child’s face with no ocular and nasal discharge is clean and the endpoint of interest , regardless of the number of times it must be washed to achieve that endpoint . The issue o... | The repeated infection that causes trachoma is spread from person to person via infected ocular and nasal secretions . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) strategy for trachoma control includes keeping children’s faces clean of discharges , yet “clean faces” are not measured in most of the district surveys that evalu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"face",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"physiological",
"processes",
"age",
"groups",
"research",
"design",
"eye",
"diseases",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"disease... | 2017 | The "F" in SAFE: Reliability of assessing clean faces for trachoma control in the field |
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a febrile syndrome in humans associated with acute and chronic debilitating joint and muscle pain . Currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available to prevent or treat CHIKV infections . We recently isolated a panel of potently neutralizing ... | Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) causes fever , rash , and acute and chronic arthralgia . Currently there are no approved therapies to treat or vaccines to prevent CHIKV infection in humans . In this study , we engineered SVIR001 , a recombinant fully human monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) that eliminated viremia , reduced viral... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"... | 2017 | Therapeutic administration of a recombinant human monoclonal antibody reduces the severity of chikungunya virus disease in rhesus macaques |
The unique double fertilisation mechanism in flowering plants depends upon a pair of functional sperm cells . During male gametogenesis , each haploid microspore undergoes an asymmetric division to produce a large , non-germline vegetative cell and a single germ cell that divides once to produce the sperm cell pair . D... | Flowering plants , unlike animals , require not one , but two sperm cells for successful fertilisation—one sperm cell to join with the egg cell to produce the embryo and the other to join with the central cell to produce the nutrient-rich endosperm tissue inside the seed . A mystery in this “double fertilization” proce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"cell",
"biolog... | 2009 | A Plant Germline-Specific Integrator of Sperm Specification and Cell Cycle Progression |
Transposable elements ( TEs ) are mobile genetic elements that parasitize genomes by semi-autonomously increasing their own copy number within the host genome . While TEs are important for genome evolution , appropriate methods for performing unbiased genome-wide surveys of TE variation in natural populations have been... | Transposable elements ( TE's ) are parasitic genetic elements that spread by replicating themselves within a host genome . Most organisms are burdened with transposable elements; in fact , up to 80% of some genomes can consist of TE–derived DNA . Here , we use new sequencing technology to examine variation in genomic T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"And",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Sequencing of Pooled DNA Samples (Pool-Seq) Uncovers Complex Dynamics of Transposable Element Insertions in Drosophila melanogaster |
Chrysomya spp are common blowflies in Africa , Asia and parts of South America and some species can reproduce in prodigious numbers in pit latrines . Because of their strong association with human feces and their synanthropic nature , we examined whether these flies are likely to be vectors of diarrheal pathogens . Fli... | While it is well recognized that the house fly can transmit enteric pathogens , here we show the common African latrine fly , Chrysomya putoria , is likely to be an important vector of these pathogens , since an average latrine can produce 100 , 000 latrine flies each year . Our behavioral studies of flies in The Gambi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"ecology",
"global",
"health",
"biology",
"public",
"health"
] | 2012 | Chrysomya putoria, a Putative Vector of Diarrheal Diseases |
Meiosis is a modified cell division in which a single S-phase is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation resulting in the production of haploid gametes . The meiotic mode of chromosome segregation requires extensive remodeling of the basic cell cycle machinery and employment of unique regulatory mechanisms . C... | The alteration of haploid and diploid cell generations during the sexual life cycle requires meiosis , a specialized cell division that enables the formation of haploid gametes from diploid cells . Meiosis occurs only once during the life cycle , and the transition from the mitotic to meiotic mode of chromosome partiti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cytogenetics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | Identification of Arabidopsis Meiotic Cyclins Reveals Functional Diversification among Plant Cyclin Genes |
The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus ( Diptera: Culicidae ) was first reported in central Africa in 2000 , in Cameroon , with the indigenous mosquito species Ae . aegypti ( Diptera: Culicidae ) . Today , this invasive species is present in almost all countries of the region , including the Central African... | Aedes aegypti and Ae . albopictus are the main vectors of human arboviral diseases such as dengue and chikungunya . Ae . aegypti is indigenous in the Central African Republic ( CAR ) , whereas Ae . Albopictus , originating from Asian forests , was first reported in 2009 . To determine the consequences of this invasion ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Temporal Patterns of Abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Ae. albopictus in the Central African Republic |
The term “imprinted gene” refers to genes whose expression is conditioned by their parental origin . Among theories to unravel the evolution of genomic imprinting , the kinship theory prevails as the most widely accepted , because it sheds light on many aspects of the biology of imprinted genes . While most assumptions... | Genomic imprinting refers to genes that are silent when maternally inherited but expressed when paternally inherited , or vice versa . Hailed as the most successful evolutionary explanation for genomic imprinting , the kinship theory contends that the paternally inherited copy of a gene , which determines the allocatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"cell",
"biology",
"pediatrics",
"and",
"child",
"health",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | Evolution of Genomic Imprinting with Biparental Care: Implications for Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes |
The mouse ( Mus musculus ) is the premier animal model for understanding human disease and development . Here we show that a comprehensive understanding of mouse biology is only possible with the availability of a finished , high-quality genome assembly . The finished clone-based assembly of the mouse strain C57BL/6J r... | The availability of an accurate genome sequence provides the bedrock upon which modern biomedical research is based . Here we describe a high-quality assembly , Build 36 , of the mouse genome . This assembly was put together by aligning overlapping individual clones representing parts of the genome , and it provides a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genome",
"projects",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics"
] | 2009 | Lineage-Specific Biology Revealed by a Finished Genome Assembly of the Mouse |
Many eukaryotic cells are able to crawl on surfaces and guide their motility based on environmental cues . These cues are interpreted by signaling systems which couple to cell mechanics; indeed membrane protrusions in crawling cells are often accompanied by activated membrane patches , which are localized areas of incr... | Different types of cells are able to directionally migrate , responding to spatially-varying environmental cues . To do so , the cell needs to sense its environment , decide on the correct direction , and finally implement the needed mechanical changes in order to actually move . In this work we study the relation betw... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2011 | Activated Membrane Patches Guide Chemotactic Cell Motility |
Vascular abnormalities contribute to many diseases such as cancer and diabetic retinopathy . In angiogenesis new blood vessels , headed by a migrating tip cell , sprout from pre-existing vessels in response to signals , e . g . , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . Tip cells meet and fuse ( anastomosis ) to f... | Abnormal vasculature exacerbates many diseases such as cancer and diabetic retinopathy . In angiogenesis new blood vessels , headed by a migrating tip cell , sprout from pre-existing vessels in response to chemical signals . The signals are released from newly oxygen deficient tissue . The signals are known to be diffe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computer",
"science/applications",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"developmental",
... | 2009 | Tipping the Balance: Robustness of Tip Cell Selection, Migration and Fusion in Angiogenesis |
Most epithelial cells secrete a glycoprotein-rich apical extracellular matrix that can have diverse but still poorly understood roles in development and physiology . Zona Pellucida ( ZP ) domain glycoproteins are common constituents of these matrices , and their loss in humans is associated with a number of diseases . ... | Most organs in the body are made up of networks of tubes that transport fluids or gases . These tubes come in many different sizes and shapes , with some narrow capillaries being only one cell in diameter . As tubes develop and take their final shapes , they secrete various glycoproteins into their hollow interior or l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"caenorhabditis",
"light",
"microscopy",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"membrane",
"fusion",
"model",
... | 2016 | Integrity of Narrow Epithelial Tubes in the C. elegans Excretory System Requires a Transient Luminal Matrix |
Helminth infections are known to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses in active and latent tuberculosis ( TB ) . However , the role of helminth infections in modulating responses associated with inflammation and immune activation ( reflecting disease activity and/or severity ) in TB is not known . We measured ... | Helminth-induced changes in the immune system are thought to influence the outcome of secondary infections . Approximately 50–100 million people are thought to have infection by worms known as Strongyloides stercoralis , while more than 2 billion people worldwide are infected with the bacterium , Mycobacterium tubercul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"helminth",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tuberculosis",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"soil-transmitted",
"helminthiases",
"immunomodulation"
] | 2014 | Coincident Helminth Infection Modulates Systemic Inflammation and Immune Activation in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis |
Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is targeted for global elimination through treatment of entire at-risk populations with repeated annual mass drug administration ( MDA ) . Essential for program success is defining and confirming the appropriate endpoint for MDA when transmission is presumed to have reached a level low enoug... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is targeted for global elimination through a strategy of repeated annual mass drug administration ( MDA ) to entire at-risk populations . A transmission assessment survey ( TAS ) is designed to evaluate whether transmission of LF is presumed to have reached a level low enough that it cannot ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Transmission Assessment Surveys (TAS) to Define Endpoints for Lymphatic Filariasis Mass Drug Administration: A Multicenter Evaluation |
Cellular homeostasis of the minor spliceosome is regulated by a negative feed-back loop that targets U11-48K and U11/U12-65K mRNAs encoding essential components of the U12-type intron-specific U11/U12 di-snRNP . This involves interaction of the U11 snRNP with an evolutionarily conserved splicing enhancer giving rise to... | The cellular homeostasis of many components of the eukaryotic RNA processing machinery is regulated via negative feed-back pathways that result in the formation of both productive and non-productive mRNA species . Typically , the formation of non-productive mRNAs species results from changes in alternative splicing tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"morpholino",
"rna",
"interference",
"messenger",
"rna",
"neuronal",
"differentiation",
"nucleotides",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"alternative",
"splicing",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techni... | 2017 | Alternative exon definition events control the choice between nuclear retention and cytoplasmic export of U11/U12-65K mRNA |
The p38 mitogen-activated protein ( MAP ) kinase signaling cassette has been implicated in stress and immunity in evolutionarily diverse species . In response to a wide variety of physical , chemical and biological stresses p38 kinases phosphorylate various substrates , transcription factors of the ATF family and other... | The p38 mitogen-activated protein ( MAP ) kinase is a signaling pathway that is involved in both stress and immunity in various species from yeast to human . p38 kinases regulate transcription factors of the ATF family and other protein kinases that then induce cellular adaptation to stress to a wide variety of physica... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | The Drosophila MAPK p38c Regulates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Homeostasis in the Intestine |
While the dispersal of hosts and vectors—through active or passive movement—is known to facilitate the spread and re-emergence of certain infectious diseases , little is known about the movement ecology of Oncomelania spp . , intermediate snail host of the parasite Schistosoma japonicum , and its consequences for the s... | In China , human schistosomiasis is caused by infection with the parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum , which requires snail hosts as a lifecycle intermediary . Snail control efforts have been a key component of China’s schistosomiasis control program , which has reduced human infections from 11 million in the 1... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"agricultural",
"irrigation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"oncomelania",
"animals",
"land",
"use",
"gastropods",
"animal",
... | 2016 | Genetic Evidence of Contemporary Dispersal of the Intermediate Snail Host of Schistosoma japonicum: Movement of an NTD Host Is Facilitated by Land Use and Landscape Connectivity |
Intracellular trafficking is critical for delivering molecules and organelles to their proper destinations to carry out normal cellular functions . Disruption of intracellular trafficking has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders . In addition , a number of genes involved in vesicle... | The fact that mutations in single gene can result in defects in multiple organs suggests the existence of similar fundamental cellular mechanisms shared by different organs . Thus , genes that are important for a certain cellular function in a tissue of interest can be identified by searching for mutations that cause v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders/alzheimer",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"neurological",
"disorders/movement",
"disorders",
"neurosci... | 2010 | Mutation in Archain 1, a Subunit of COPI Coatomer Complex, Causes Diluted Coat Color and Purkinje Cell Degeneration |
Schistosomiasis remains a public health major problem and little is known in many areas , mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa To assess the burden and risk factors of schistosomiasis and intestinal parasitic helminthes in the children of Cubal , Angola , and to compare different diagnostic approaches for urinary schistosomias... | Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects both the individual and the community as a whole . Its transmission and life cycle depend on non-safe water , as infection is acquired bathing in fresh water . As in many neglected diseases , information about it is scarce in many areas , mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis and Usefulness of Indirect Diagnostic Tests in School-Age Children in Cubal, Central Angola |
Evidence is mounting that influenza virus interacts with other pathogens colonising or infecting the human respiratory tract . Taking into account interactions with other pathogens may be critical to determining the real influenza burden and the full impact of public health policies targeting influenza . This is partic... | Influenza is responsible for major morbidity and mortality burdens worldwide . Mathematical models of influenza virus transmission have been critical to understanding the virus epidemiology and planning public health strategies for infection control . It is increasingly clear that microbes do not act in isolation but p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Mechanisms",
"of",
"interaction",
"Evidence",
"of",
"interaction",
"Impact",
"of",
"interactions",
"at",
"the",
"population",
"level",
"Models",
"of",
"influenza",
"interactions",
"Limits",
"of",
"the",
"current",
"view",
"Opportunities",
... | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"pulmonology",
"viruses",
"review",
"rna",
"viruses",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"infectious",
... | 2018 | Influenza interaction with cocirculating pathogens and its impact on surveillance, pathogenesis, and epidemic profile: A key role for mathematical modelling |
Rabies still poses a significant human health problem throughout most of Africa , where the majority of the human cases results from dog bites . Mass dog vaccination is considered to be the most effective method to prevent rabies in humans . Our objective was to systematically review research articles on dog rabies par... | Rabies is one of the most fatal diseases in both humans and animals . A bite by a rabid dog is the main cause of human rabies in Africa . Parenteral mass dog vaccination is the most cost-effective tool to prevent rabies in humans . Our main objective was to review research articles on the parenteral dog rabies vaccinat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [] | 2015 | Review on Dog Rabies Vaccination Coverage in Africa: A Question of Dog Accessibility or Cost Recovery? |
The general transcription factor TBP ( TATA-box binding protein ) and its associated factors ( TAFs ) together form the TFIID complex , which directs transcription initiation . Through RNAi and mutant analysis , we identified a specific TBP family protein , TRF2 , and a set of TAFs that regulate lipid droplet ( LD ) si... | Lipid droplets ( LD ) are main lipid storage structures in most cells . The size of LDs varies greatly in different cell types or different metabolic states to accommodate cellular functions and metabolism demands . How cells regulate the lipid storage and LD dynamics is not fully understood . Here , we identified that... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"rna",
"interference",
"gene",
"regulation",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"epigenetics",
"drosophila",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"lipids",
"geneti... | 2017 | Drosophila TRF2 and TAF9 regulate lipid droplet size and phospholipid fatty acid composition |
Efficient carbon assimilation is critical for microbial growth and pathogenesis . The environmental yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is “Crabtree positive” , displaying a rapid metabolic switch from the assimilation of alternative carbon sources to sugars . Following exposure to sugars , this switch is mediated by the tr... | Most yeast species occupy environmental niches , but some infect humans . All species must assimilate carbon to grow and colonize their niche , but carbon source availability differs significantly between niches . The environmental yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is thought to have evolved under conditions of sugar feas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"yeast",
"infections",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"carbohydrates",
"glucose",... | 2016 | The Rewiring of Ubiquitination Targets in a Pathogenic Yeast Promotes Metabolic Flexibility, Host Colonization and Virulence |
Based on epidemiological data , it is believed that human-to-human transmission plays an important role in Nipah virus outbreaks . No experimental data are currently available on the potential routes of human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus . In a first dose-finding experiment in Syrian hamsters , it was shown tha... | Understanding how viruses are transmitted plays an important role in our ability to intervene in virus outbreaks . Over the last decade , Nipah virus has caused multiple outbreaks in Malaysia , India and especially Bangladesh . Fruit bats form the natural reservoir for Nipah virus; from the bats the virus is introduced... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Nipah Virus Transmission in a Hamster Model |
Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth define crucial steps for entry into the plant life cycle . For those events to take place properly , seed developmental genes need to be silenced whereas vegetative growth genes are activated . Chromatin structure is generally known to play crucial roles in gene transcrip... | Seed germination is a key developmental transition during the plant life cycle . During this process , seed developmental genes are progressively turned off to allow proper seedling growth and development . Molecular mechanisms involved in establishing the repression state of seed developmental genes , however , are st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2014 | Arabidopsis AL PHD-PRC1 Complexes Promote Seed Germination through H3K4me3-to-H3K27me3 Chromatin State Switch in Repression of Seed Developmental Genes |
An earlier open label , prospective , non-randomized , non-comparative , multi-centric study conducted within public health facilities in Bihar , India ( CTRI/2012/08/002891 ) measured the field effectiveness of three new treatment regimens for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) : single dose AmBisome ( SDA ) , and combinat... | In 2010 , the WHO Expert Committee recommended liposomal amphotericin B ( in single or multiple doses ) along with three short combination treatment regimens containing liposomal amphotericin B ( LAmB ) , miltefosine ( Milt ) and/or paromomycin ( PM ) as preferred options to replace the existing miltefosine monotherapy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"antifungals",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"dise... | 2019 | Field effectiveness of new visceral leishmaniasis regimens after 1 year following treatment within public health facilities in Bihar, India |
Predicting the function of a protein from its sequence is a long-standing goal of bioinformatic research . While sequence similarity is the most popular tool used for this purpose , sequence motifs may also subserve this goal . Here we develop a motif-based method consisting of applying an unsupervised motif extraction... | Sequence motifs are known to provide information about functional properties of proteins . In the past , many approaches have looked for deterministic motifs in protein sequences , by searching for functionally over-represented k-mers , with moderate levels of success . Here we revisit and renew the utility of determin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"none",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Functional Representation of Enzymes by Specific Peptides |
Initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria is precisely timed in the cell cycle . Bacteria that harbor multiple chromosomes face the additional challenge of orchestrating replication initiation of different chromosomes . In Vibrio cholerae , the smaller of its two chromosomes , Chr2 , initiates replication after ... | The timing of DNA replication initiation is controlled in all growing cells . The conventional wisdom is that in bacteria such as E . coli , initiation occurs when sufficient active form of the initiator protein accumulates . The same scenario possibly applies to V . cholerae Chr1 , whose replication in turn determines... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"vibrio",
"microbiology",
"light",
"microscopy",
"carbohydrates"... | 2018 | Chromosome 1 licenses chromosome 2 replication in Vibrio cholerae by doubling the crtS gene dosage |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) associated with trait diversity and disease susceptibility , yet their functional properties often remain unclear . It has been hypothesized that SNPs in microRNA binding sites may disrupt gene regulation by microRNAs ( mi... | Genomics studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) associated with trait diversity and disease susceptibility , yet the mechanism of action of many genetic variants remains unclear . MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that base-pair coding mRNAs to regulate gene tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"natural",
"antisense",
"transcripts",
"gene",
"regulation",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"genitourinary",
"tract",
"tumors",
"gene... | 2018 | regQTLs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms that modulate microRNA regulation of gene expression in tumors |
Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites requires formation of the moving junction ( MJ ) , a ring-like apposition between the parasite and host plasma membranes that the parasite migrates through during entry . The Toxoplasma MJ is a secreted complex including TgAMA1 , a transmembrane protein on the parasite surfa... | Invasion by the obligate intracellular parasites , Toxoplasma and Plasmodium , requires the formation of a ring of contact between parasite and host plasma membranes , the so-called moving junction ( MJ ) , that the parasite migrates through during entry . The MJ is a complex of secreted parasite proteins including AMA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"biochemistry",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | The C-Terminus of Toxoplasma RON2 Provides the Crucial Link between AMA1 and the Host-Associated Invasion Complex |
Centralspindlin , a constitutive 2:2 heterotetramer of MKLP1 ( a kinesin-6 ) and the non-motor subunit CYK4 , plays important roles in cytokinesis . It is crucial for the formation of central spindle microtubule bundle structure . Its accumulation at the central antiparallel overlap zone is key for recruitment and regu... | Cell division requires coordination of many different cellular components . Cytokinesis is the process by which the cytoplasm divides between the two forming daughter cells . During cytokinesis , centralspindlin is truly central , as it organizes microtubule bundle structures , recruits other factors to the site of div... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | CYK4 Promotes Antiparallel Microtubule Bundling by Optimizing MKLP1 Neck Conformation |
Clustering infections by genetic similarity is a popular technique for identifying potential outbreaks of infectious disease , in part because sequences are now routinely collected for clinical management of many infections . A diverse number of nonparametric clustering methods have been developed for this purpose . Th... | Many pathogens evolve so rapidly that they accumulate genetic differences within a host before becoming transmitted to the next host . Consequently , clusters of sampled infections with nearly identical genomes may reveal outbreaks of recent or ongoing transmissions . There is rapidly growing interest in using model-fr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
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"and",
"laboratory",
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"microbiology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"retroviruses",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"managemen... | 2017 | A model-based clustering method to detect infectious disease transmission outbreaks from sequence variation |
A key step in understanding gene regulation is to identify the repertoire of transcription factor binding motifs ( TFBMs ) that form the building blocks of promoters and other regulatory elements . Identifying these experimentally is very laborious , and the number of TFBMs discovered remains relatively small , especia... | In contrast to the genomic sequences that encode proteins , little is known about the regulatory elements that instruct the cell as to when and where a given gene should be active . Regulatory elements are thought to consist of clusters of short DNA words ( motifs ) , each of which acts as a binding site for sequence-s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"drosophila",
"developmental",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Large-Scale Discovery of Promoter Motifs in Drosophila melanogaster |
Two gammaherpesviruses , Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) ( Lymphocryptovirus genus ) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) ( Rhadinovirus genus ) have been implicated in the etiology of AIDS-associated lymphomas . Homologs of these viruses have been identified in macaques and other non-human primates . In ord... | The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increased in conjunction with the epidemic of HIV disease and AIDS . These malignancies are now known to be associated with secondary infections with a gammaherpesvirus; KS , with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) and lymphoma , with... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"hiv",
"epstein-barr",
"virus",
"infectious",
"mononucleosis",
"viral",
"diseases",
"hiv",
"opportunistic",
"infections"
] | 2012 | Macaque Homologs of EBV and KSHV Show Uniquely Different Associations with Simian AIDS-related Lymphomas |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the Type II secretion system ( T2SS ) to translocate a wide range of large , structured protein virulence factors through the periplasm to the extracellular environment for infection . In the T2SS , five pseudopilins assemble into the pseudopilus that acts as a piston to extrude exoprote... | The Type II secretion system has been characterized as an important virulence factor translocation machine that secrets various toxic proteins from the periplasm into the extracellular milieu used by a wide spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria . Through the characterization of the structure of the pseudopilus tip complex... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"caenorhabditis",
"pathogens",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"animal",... | 2018 | Structure-guided disruption of the pseudopilus tip complex inhibits the Type II secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
O'nyong nyong virus ( ONNV ) and Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) are two closely related alphaviruses with very different infection patterns in the mosquito , Anopheles gambiae . ONNV is the only alphavirus transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes , but specific molecular determinants of infection of this unique vector specifi... | O'nyong nyong virus ( ONNV ) is unique in that it is the only alphavirus , and one of few viruses in general , to be transmitted to humans by the bite of an anopheline mosquito . The genetics responsible for this unique vector specificity would be useful information in helping to develop antivirals , vaccines , and oth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"organismal",
"cloning",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"cloning",
"genetics",
"viral",
"classification",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | O'nyong nyong Virus Molecular Determinants of Unique Vector Specificity Reside in Non-Structural Protein 3 |
The genetic code in mRNA is redundant , with 61 sense codons translated into 20 different amino acids . Individual amino acids are encoded by up to six different codons but within codon families some are used more frequently than others . This phenomenon is referred to as synonymous codon usage bias . The genomes of fr... | The universal genetic code is redundant , with some amino acids being encoded by up to six different codons . Synonymous codons are not used randomly and typically one codon is used more frequently than others . This biased use of codons has been observed in all branches of life . Codon bias is the result of long-term ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"transfer",
"rna",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"aliphatic",
"amino",
"acids",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"pathogens",
"messenger",
"rna",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"organ... | 2016 | The Selective Advantage of Synonymous Codon Usage Bias in Salmonella |
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 ( DM1 ) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by an expansion of CUG repeats in the 3' UTR of the DMPK gene . The CUG repeats form aggregates of mutant mRNA , which cause misregulation and/or sequestration of RNA-binding proteins , causing aberrant alternative splicing in cells . Previously , we ... | Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ( DM1 ) is an inherited disorder affecting many systems , including skeletal muscle , heart , eyes and endocrine system . DM1 is known as a ‘trinucleotide repeat disorder’ because it is caused by an abnormal expansion of a highly repeated motif within the DMPK locus . Such an expansion results... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"alu",
"elements",
"hela",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"alternative",
"splicing",
"cell",
"cultures",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genome",
"complexity",... | 2016 | Staufen1 Regulates Multiple Alternative Splicing Events either Positively or Negatively in DM1 Indicating Its Role as a Disease Modifier |
Trypanosoma cruzi infection is characterized by chronic parasitism of non-lymphoid tissues and is rarely eliminated despite potent adaptive immune responses . This failure to cure has frequently been attributed to a loss or impairment of anti-T . cruzi T cell responses over time , analogous to the T cell dysfunction de... | The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi establishes lifelong infections in humans and other mammals , leading to severe cardiac and gastrointestinal complications known as Chagas disease . Although the factors that enable T . cruzi persistence remain undefined , in this and many other infection models , pathogen persistence has... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"parasitic",
"dis... | 2018 | Highly competent, non-exhausted CD8+ T cells continue to tightly control pathogen load throughout chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection |
The genome of Leishmania major harbours a comparably high proportion of genes of prokaryote origin , acquired by lateral gene transfer ( LGT ) . Some of these are present in closely related trypanosomatids , while some are detected in Leishmania only . We have evaluated the impact and destiny of LGT in genus Leishmania... | Leishmania parasites cause leishmaniasis , a neglected tropical disease , estimated to threaten 350 million people in 88 countries worldwide according to the WHO . The genome of Leishmania major harbours a number of genes , which have been proposed as acquired by lateral gene transfer ( LGT ) from a broad variety of pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | The Dynamics of Lateral Gene Transfer in Genus Leishmania - A Route for Adaptation and Species Diversification |
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 ( PCSK9 ) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) . Here , we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34 , mediated by the sequence of th... | Many disease-mediating proteins have proven difficult to target with traditional small-molecule pharmaceuticals . In this paper , we report that a small molecule , PF-06446846 , directly inhibits translation of one such protein , proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 ( PCSK9 ) , by acting on the translating hum... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"spectrometric",
"identification",
"of",
"proteins",
"luciferase",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"enzymes",
"messenger",
"rna",
"enzymology",
"stable",
"isotope",
"labeling",
"by",
"amino",
"acids",
"in",
"cell",
"culture",
"molecular",
... | 2017 | Selective stalling of human translation through small-molecule engagement of the ribosome nascent chain |
The frequency of epidemics caused by Dengue viruses 1–4 , Zika virus and Chikungunya viruses have been on an upward trend in recent years driven primarily by uncontrolled urbanization , mobility of human populations and geographical spread of their shared vectors , Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus . Infections by the... | Dengue viruses 1–4 ( DENV1-4 ) , Zika virus ( ZIKV ) and Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) are tropical and subtropical viruses that share a common arthropod vector , and have very similar clinical presentations that are difficult to distinguish . With the recent outbreaks of DENV , ZIKV and CHIKV globally , a single methodo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"alphaviruses",
"viruses",
"chikungunya",
"virus",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"gen... | 2019 | Application of a targeted-enrichment methodology for full-genome sequencing of Dengue 1-4, Chikungunya and Zika viruses directly from patient samples |
The histone H3 variant CENP-A assembles into chromatin exclusively at centromeres . The process of CENP-A chromatin assembly is epigenetically regulated . Fission yeast centromeres are composed of a central kinetochore domain on which CENP-A chromatin is assembled , and this is flanked by heterochromatin . Marker genes... | The DNA of all genomes is organized into chromosomes that are packaged in chromatin in which DNA is wrapped around nucleosomes composed of the histones H2A , H2B , H3 , and H4 . Centromeres are the specialized regions on chromosomes that attach them to spindle microtubules , and this process is required to allow each d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"schizosaccharomymes",
"cell",
"biology",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungi",
"eukaryotes",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Plasticity of Fission Yeast CENP-A Chromatin Driven by Relative Levels of Histone H3 and H4 |
ClinicalTrials . gov NCT01506570
The four serotypes of dengue virus ( DENV-1 to 4 ) are the major cause of mosquito-borne viral disease globally . Approximately 40% of the world’s population is at risk of dengue infection and all serotypes cause clinical disease [1 , 2] . The incidence of dengue is increasing dramatica... | As live-attenuated dengue vaccine candidates are developed , it is important to ascertain their safety in all populations , regardless of past exposure to dengue , closely related flaviviruses , or similar vaccines . Each of the four dengue virus ( DENV ) serotypes can cause clinical disease . Severe dengue disease may... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viral",
"vaccines",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"antibodies",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization",
"antibody",
"response",
"publi... | 2017 | In a randomized trial, the live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine TV003 is well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in subjects with flavivirus exposure prior to vaccination |
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