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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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DNA- and RNA-processing pathways are integrated and interconnected in the eukaryotic nucleus to allow efficient gene expression and to maintain genomic stability . The recruitment of DNA Topoisomerase I ( Topo I ) , an enzyme controlling DNA supercoiling and acting as a specific kinase for the SR-protein family of spli... | DNA Topoisomerase I ( Topo I ) is a very well known enzyme capable of removing DNA topological constrains during transcription . In mammals , Topo I also harbours an intrinsic protein kinase activity required to achieve specific phosphorylation of factors in charge of maturating the transcript and exporting it from the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"biochemistry/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"developmenta... | 2010 | The SR Protein B52/SRp55 Is Required for DNA Topoisomerase I Recruitment to Chromatin, mRNA Release and Transcription Shutdown |
The role of the host immunity in determining leprosy clinical forms and complications is well recognized , implying that changes in the immune status may interfere with several aspects of the disease . Therefore , we hypothesized that the presence of viral co-infections and associated immunological changes will have a ... | The clinical and social impact of leprosy , a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae , is due to the deformities and disabilities that are consequences of skin and peripheral nerve inflammation . We believe that leprosy patients who also have an associated viral infection will have a worse outcome . This can be due to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Viral Co-infection and Leprosy Outcomes: A Cohort Study |
Retroviruses encode cis-acting RNA nuclear export elements that override nuclear retention of intron-containing viral mRNAs including the full-length , unspliced genomic RNAs ( gRNAs ) packaged into assembling virions . The HIV-1 Rev-response element ( RRE ) recruits the cellular nuclear export receptor CRM1 ( also kno... | How cellular and viral mRNAs are trafficked inside the cell is poorly understood . In this study , we use fluorescence microscopy to visualize HIV-1 mRNA nuclear export , translation , trafficking , and virus particle assembly in single living cells , focusing on the full-length viral genomic RNAs ( gRNAs ) that are pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"centrosomes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"microtubules",
"pathogens",
"messenger",
"rna",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"cell",... | 2016 | HIV-1 and M-PMV RNA Nuclear Export Elements Program Viral Genomes for Distinct Cytoplasmic Trafficking Behaviors |
Spermatogenesis is the process by which male gametes are formed from a self-renewing population of spermatogonial stem cells ( SSCs ) residing in the testis . SSCs represent less than 1% of the total testicular cell population in adults , but must achieve a stable balance between self-renewal and differentiation . Once... | Spermatogenesis is the process by which male gametes–mature spermatozoa–are produced in the testis . This process requires exquisite control over many developmental transitions , including the self-renewal of the germline stem cell population , commitment to meiosis , and ultimately , spermiogenesis . While much is kno... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"spermatocytes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"marker",
"genes",
"spermatogonia",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"germ",
"cells",
"protein",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology",
"t... | 2019 | Dynamic transcriptome profiles within spermatogonial and spermatocyte populations during postnatal testis maturation revealed by single-cell sequencing |
While primarily a mosquito-borne virus , Zika virus ( ZIKV; genus Flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family ) is capable of being sexually transmitted . Thirty to fifty percent of men with confirmed ZIKV infection shed ZIKV RNA in their semen , and prolonged viral RNA shedding in semen can occur for more than 6 months . Th... | While Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is primarily a mosquito-borne virus , there are now confirmed sexual transmission cases of ZIKV from infected males to their partners . Using a previously established mouse model of sexual transmission , ZIKV was herein demonstrated to infect the testes and epididymides concurrently , suggesti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"germ",
"cells",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"sexually",... | 2018 | Infection of epididymal epithelial cells and leukocytes drives seminal shedding of Zika virus in a mouse model |
Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is endemic in most parts of Africa and has also been reported to occur in the Arabian Peninsula . It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality , particularly in livestock , but also in humans . During the last two decades several outbreaks of RVF have been reported in countries in... | Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a mosquito-borne disease that results in severe negative impact on human and animal health and the economy . Outbreaks of RVF occur sporadically when heavy rains favour the breeding and emergence of mosquito vectors of the virus . Rift Valley fever has been reported in many African countrie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"small",
"animals",
"veterinary",
"virology",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2013 | Serological Evidence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Circulation in Sheep and Goats in Zambézia Province, Mozambique |
Next-generation sequencing of DNA provides an unprecedented opportunity to discover rare genetic variants associated with complex diseases and traits . However , the common practice of first calling underlying genotypes and then treating the called values as known is prone to false positive findings , especially when g... | In next-generation sequencing studies , there are typically systematic differences in sequencing qualities ( e . g . , depth ) between cases and controls , because the entire studies are rarely sequenced in exactly the same way . It has long been appreciated that , in the presence of such differences , the standard gen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"next-generation",
"sequencing",
"mathematics",
"physiological",
"... | 2016 | Testing Rare-Variant Association without Calling Genotypes Allows for Systematic Differences in Sequencing between Cases and Controls |
The formation and stability of synapses are key questions in neuroscience . Post-synaptic domains have been classically conceived as resulting from local insertion and turnover of proteins at the synapse . However , insertion is likely to occur outside the post-synaptic domains and advances in single-molecule imaging h... | Synapses mediate information transmission between neurons and are the physical support of memory . It has been realized that synapses are dynamic biological structures . Neurotransmitter receptors diffuse in the neuron membrane and synaptic scaffolding proteins are constantly renewed . We propose a biophysical model th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",
"biophysics",
"cell",
"membranes",
"cytoplasm",
"physics",
"biochemistr... | 2017 | An aggregation-removal model for the formation and size determination of post-synaptic scaffold domains |
Leptospirosis , caused by Leptospira , is one of the most important of neglected emerging zoonotic diseases that has important impacts on public health worldwide . Polyclonal antibody ( pcAb ) therapy is a potential method to process a series of pathogens for which there are limited determination of treatment , such as... | Leptospirosis , caused by Leptospira , is one of the most important neglected emerging zoonotic diseases that has important impacts on public health worldwide . An urgent need exists for novel therapeutic agents directed against Leptospira without severe side-effects . This study demonstrates the efficacy of a rabbit p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"leptospira",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates"... | 2016 | Efficacy of the Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-leptospira Antibody against Homotype or Heterotype Leptospira Infection in Hamster |
Simian varicella virus ( SVV ) , the etiologic agent of naturally occurring varicella in primates , is genetically and antigenically closely related to human varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) . Early attempts to develop a model of VZV pathogenesis and latency in nonhuman primates ( NHP ) resulted in persistent infection .... | Varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that causes chickenpox ( varicella ) and establishes a life-long latent infection in humans . VZV can then reactivate causing herpes zoster , commonly known as shingles , a painful and debilitating disease that can be life-threatening in elderly and immunocompr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Simian Varicella Virus Infection of Rhesus Macaques Recapitulates Essential Features of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Humans |
The synaptonemal complex ( SC ) is an intricate structure that forms between homologous chromosomes early during the meiotic prophase , where it mediates homolog pairing interactions and promotes the formation of genetic exchanges . In Drosophila melanogaster , C ( 3 ) G protein forms the transverse filaments ( TFs ) o... | Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that is needed to produce sperm and egg cells , which carry only half the number of chromosomes of other cells in the body . Meiosis is required for reproduction , but abnormalities in chromosome number caused by errors in the process of meiosis are responsible for many bi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2008 | corona Is Required for Higher-Order Assembly of Transverse Filaments into Full-Length Synaptonemal Complex in Drosophila Oocytes |
Recent steep declines in honey bee health have severely impacted the beekeeping industry , presenting new risks for agricultural commodities that depend on insect pollination . Honey bee declines could reflect increased pressures from parasites and pathogens . The incidence of the microsporidian pathogen Nosema ceranae... | Honey bee colonies are in decline in many parts of the world , in part due to pressures from a diverse assemblage of parasites and pathogens . The range and prevalence of the microsporidian pathogen Nosema ceranae has increased significantly in the past decade . Here we describe the N . ceranae genome , presenting geno... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics",
... | 2009 | Genomic Analyses of the Microsporidian Nosema ceranae, an Emergent Pathogen of Honey Bees |
Understanding cooperation in animal social groups remains a significant challenge for evolutionary theory . Observed behaviours that benefit others but incur some cost appear incompatible with classical notions of natural selection; however , these behaviours may be explained by concepts such as inclusive fitness , rec... | One of the key challenges facing evolutionary theory is understanding how cooperation and communication evolve in social systems . In many situations cooperation leads to higher net benefits to all , but a population of cooperators is vulnerable to invasion from exploitative strategies . When foraging , aiding others t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"mathematical",
"computing",
"mathematics",
"ecology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"theory",
"behavioral",
"ecology"
] | 2011 | Signalling and the Evolution of Cooperative Foraging in Dynamic Environments |
The bristle sensillum of the imago of Drosophila is made of four cells that arise from a sensory organ precursor cell ( SOP ) . This SOP is selected within proneural clusters ( PNC ) through a mechanism that involves Notch signalling . PNCs are defined through the expression domains of the proneural genes , whose activ... | The sensory organ precursor cell ( SOP ) that forms the mechanosensory bristles of the adult PNS of Drosophila is a paradigm to study neural precursor determination . The current model states that the SOP is selected in proneural clusters ( PNCs ) defined through the expression of the proneural genes . The selection oc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2015 | A Re-examination of the Selection of the Sensory Organ Precursor of the Bristle Sensilla of Drosophila melanogaster |
Despite antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) , some HIV-infected persons maintain lower than normal CD4+ T-cell counts in peripheral blood and in the gut mucosa . This incomplete immune restoration is associated with higher levels of immune activation manifested by high systemic levels of biomarkers , including sCD14 and D-d... | HIV infected people who receive antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) remain at higher risk of non-infectious complications such as cardiovascular disease . This risk is linked to persistent inflammation and immune activation and is higher in those with lower circulating CD4+ T-cell counts . IL-7 therapy can increase CD4+ and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Decreases in Colonic and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic HIV Infection after IL-7 Administration |
Quorum sensing ( QS ) signaling allows bacteria to control gene expression once a critical population density is achieved . The Gram-negative human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses N-acylhomoserine lactones ( AHL ) as QS signals , which coordinate the production of virulence factors and biofilms . These bacterial s... | The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria communicate with each other using quorum sensing ( QS ) . This is important for their growth , virulence , motility and the formation of biofilms . Furthermore , eukaryotic cells “listen and respond” to QS signaling , but the exact mechanisms and receptors on... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"small",
"molecules",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"lipids",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biolo... | 2012 | The Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-Acylhomoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing Molecules Target IQGAP1 and Modulate Epithelial Cell Migration |
In many cell types , release of calcium ions is controlled by inositol 1 , 4 , 5-trisphosphate ( ) receptor channels . Elevations in concentration after intracellular release through receptors ( R ) can either propagate in the form of waves spreading through the entire cell or produce spatially localized puffs . The ap... | Calcium signals are important for a host of cellular processes such as neurotransmitter release , cell contraction and gene expression . While the principles of activation and spreading of calcium signals have been largely understood , it is much less clear how their spatio-temporal appearance is shaped . This issue is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"signaling",
"networks",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"calcium",
"signaling",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"processes",
"biochemistry",
"simulations",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"molecular",
"biology",
... | 2012 | Termination of Ca2+ Release for Clustered IP3R Channels |
The ability to examine the behavior of biological systems in silico has the potential to greatly accelerate the pace of discovery in diseases , such as stroke , where in vivo analysis is time intensive and costly . In this paper we describe an approach for in silico examination of responses of the blood transcriptome t... | Computational modeling aims to use mathematical and algorithmic principles to link components of biological systems to predict system behavior . In the past such models have described a small set of carefully studied molecular interactions ( proteins in signal transduction pathways ) or larger abstract components ( cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"immunology",
"computerized",
"simulations",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"differential",
"equations",
"mouse",
"immune",
"response",
"... | 2012 | Modeling Dynamic Regulatory Processes in Stroke |
The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease ( RHD ) in the Aboriginal population of the Australian Northern Territory is high , and Streptococcus pyogenes skin infections likely contribute to this . A promising candidate S . pyogenes “30mer” vaccine is composed of 30 pharyngitis associated type-specific antigens from the... | The bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes causes throat and skin infections . A danger from such infections is an immune response that attacks human heart tissue , leading to rheumatic heart disease , which is difficult to treat and potentially deadly . Disadvantaged populations such as the Indigenous people in remote tropi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"skin",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"integumentary",
"system",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"throat",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"streptococcus",
"pyogenes"... | 2019 | Concerns for efficacy of a 30-valent M-protein-based Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine in regions with high rates of rheumatic heart disease |
The Pacific region is an area unique in the world , composed of thousands of islands with differing climates and environments . The spreading and establishment of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in these islands might be linked to human migration . Ae . aegypti is the major vector of arboviruses ( dengue , chikungunya and Z... | Aedes aegypti is the major arbovirus vector in the Pacific region . The spread of this mosquito in the different islands seems to be linked to human activities at the beginning of the twentieth century . Since 2010 , occurrence of arbovirus outbreaks increased in this region , with the co-circulation of dengue , chikun... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Aedes aegypti, the Main Arbovirus Vector in the Pacific |
As the nervous system develops , there is an inherent variability in the connections formed between differentiating neurons . Despite this variability , neural circuits form that are functional and remarkably robust . One way in which neurons deal with variability in their inputs is through compensatory , homeostatic c... | As the nervous system develops , an intricate web of connections forms between nerve cells , leading to the assembly of signalling networks that are capable of complex computations . However , the number and strength of connections formed between nerve cells varies . We ask how nerve cells deal with this variability so... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Structural Homeostasis: Compensatory Adjustments of Dendritic Arbor Geometry in Response to Variations of Synaptic Input |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) resides in a long-lived phagosomal compartment that resists maturation . The manner by which Mtb antigens are processed and presented on MHC Class I molecules is poorly understood . Using human dendritic cells and IFN-γ release by CD8+ T cell clones , we examined the processing and pr... | Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I ( MHC-I ) generally serves to present peptides derived from cytosolic proteins to CD8+ T lymphocytes , thereby alerting the immune system that the cell is infected . The machinery required for MHC-I antigen processing and presentation is localized to the cytosol and endoplasmic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition"
] | 2009 | The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phagosome Is a HLA-I Processing Competent Organelle |
Numerous microbial pathogens modulate or interfere with cell death pathways in cultured cells . However , the precise role of host cell death during in vivo infection remains poorly understood . Macrophages infected by pathogenic species of Yersinia typically undergo an apoptotic cell death . This is due to the activit... | The ability of bacterial pathogens to modulate death of infected host cells is an important virulence determinant . For pathogenic members of the genus Yersinia , the type III secreted effector protein YopJ/YopP is required for Yersinia-induced macrophage death . The YopJ protein is expressed by Y . pseudotuberculosis ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2008 | Reduced Secretion of YopJ by Yersinia Limits In Vivo Cell Death but Enhances Bacterial Virulence |
Defining the exact mechanisms by which the brain processes visual objects and scenes remains an unresolved challenge . Valuable clues to this process have emerged from the demonstration that clusters of neurons ( “modules” ) in inferior temporal cortex apparently respond selectively to specific categories of visual sti... | Many reports suggest that different categories of visual stimuli are processed in correspondingly specific “modules” in the visual cortex . For instance , images of faces are processed in one cortical module ( the “fusiform face area” ) , while images of scenes are processed in an adjacent module ( the “parahippocampal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | The “Parahippocampal Place Area” Responds Preferentially
to High Spatial Frequencies in Humans and Monkeys |
Adaptation of the chemotaxis sensory pathway of the bacterium Escherichia coli is integral for detecting chemicals over a wide range of background concentrations , ultimately allowing cells to swim towards sources of attractant and away from repellents . Its biochemical mechanism based on methylation and demethylation ... | Bacterial chemotaxis is a paradigm for sensory systems , and thus has attracted immense interest from biologists and modelers alike . Using this pathway , cells can sense chemical molecules in their environment , and bias their movement towards nutrients and away from toxins . To avoid over- or understimulation of the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"biophysics/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Chemotactic Response and Adaptation Dynamics in Escherichia coli |
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) is an important mosquito-borne veterinary and human pathogen that can cause severe disease including acute-onset hepatitis , delayed-onset encephalitis , retinitis and blindness , or a hemorrhagic syndrome . Currently , no licensed vaccine or therapeutics exist to treat this potentially... | Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is an important neglected tropical disease that has caused severe epidemics and epizootics throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula . Severe outbreaks have involved tens of thousands of both human and livestock cases for which no effective , commercially available human vaccines or antivira... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"antivirals",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2013 | Aerosol Exposure to Rift Valley Fever Virus Causes Earlier and More Severe Neuropathology in the Murine Model, which Has Important Implications for Therapeutic Development |
There is still much unknown regarding the computational role of inhibitory cells in the sensory cortex . While modeling studies could potentially shed light on the critical role played by inhibition in cortical computation , there is a gap between the simplicity of many models of sensory coding and the biological compl... | Cortical function is a result of coordinated interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neural populations . In previous theoretical models of sensory systems , inhibitory neurons are often ignored or modeled too simplistically to contribute to understanding their role in cortical computation . In biophysical reali... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Modeling Inhibitory Interneurons in Efficient Sensory Coding Models |
Mass drug administration ( MDA ) of praziquantel has been the intervention of choice against schistosomiasis but with limited success in interrupting the transmission . The development of anti-Schistosoma vaccines is underway . Our objective is to quantify the population-level impact of anti-Schistosoma vaccines when a... | A number of experimental anti-schistosomiasis vaccines are under development . Our results have implications on the vaccines’ design and implementation . Design: For optimal impact at the population-level we found that the best vaccines are the ones that substantially reduce the acquisition of new worms and that kill e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"demography",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"gastropods",
"neglected... | 2017 | Quantitative assessment of the impact of partially protective anti-schistosomiasis vaccines |
The interactions of legumes with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria cause the formation of specialized lateral root organs called root nodules . It has been postulated that this root nodule symbiosis system has recruited factors that act in early signaling pathways ( common SYM genes ) partly from the ancestral mycorrh... | Legumes produce nodules in roots as the endosymbiotic organs for nitrogen-fixing bacteria , collectively called rhizobia . The symbiotic relationship enables legumes to survive on soil with poor nitrogen sources . The rhizobial infection triggers cell division in the cortex to generate root nodule primordia . The root ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"microbiology",
"plant",
"evolution",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"plant",
"biology",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology"
] | 2013 | NODULE INCEPTION Directly Targets NF-Y Subunit Genes to Regulate Essential Processes of Root Nodule Development in Lotus japonicus |
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains specialized in the regulation of numerous cellular processes related to membrane organization , as diverse as signal transduction , protein sorting , membrane trafficking or pathogen invasion . It has been proposed that this functional diversity would require a heterogeneous popula... | Cellular membranes organize proteins related to signal transduction , protein sorting and membrane trafficking into the so-called lipid rafts . It has been proposed that the functional diversity of lipid rafts would require a heterogeneous population of raft domains with varying compositions . However , a mechanism for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Spatio-temporal Remodeling of Functional Membrane Microdomains Organizes the Signaling Networks of a Bacterium |
During antagonistic coevolution between viruses and their hosts , viruses have a major advantage by evolving more rapidly . Nevertheless , viruses and their hosts coexist and have coevolved , although the processes remain largely unknown . We previously identified Tm-1 that confers resistance to Tomato mosaic virus ( T... | Viruses rapidly evolve and adapt to their host organisms , and the evolutionary processes can be reproduced in the laboratory ( experimental evolution ) . In contrast , cellular organisms ( that can be viral hosts ) evolve much more slowly than viruses , but the fact that they have antiviral systems suggests that virus... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"interactions",
"plant",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"pathology",
"viral",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"proteins",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"v... | 2012 | Coevolution and Hierarchical Interactions of Tomato mosaic virus and the Resistance Gene Tm-1 |
Lavender Foal Syndrome ( LFS ) is a lethal inherited disease of horses with a suspected autosomal recessive mode of inheritance . LFS has been primarily diagnosed in a subgroup of the Arabian breed , the Egyptian Arabian horse . The condition is characterized by multiple neurological abnormalities and a dilute coat col... | Genetic disorders affect many domesticated species , including the horse . In this study we have focused on Lavender Foal Syndrome , a seizure disorder that leads to suffering and death in foals soon after birth . A recessively inherited disorder , its occurrence is often unpredictable and difficult for horse breeders ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Whole-Genome SNP Association in the Horse: Identification of a Deletion in Myosin Va Responsible for Lavender Foal Syndrome |
Neural morphology and membrane properties vary greatly between cell types in the nervous system . The computations and local circuit connectivity that neurons support are thought to be the key factors constraining the cells’ biophysical properties . Nevertheless , additional constraints can be expected to further shape... | Cellular design varies widely across neurons . Evolution is thought to have adapted the biophysical properties of each cell type to better support their specific function . The most influential among these neuronal parameters include ion channels and morphology . At the same time , we know that the brain is disproporti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"acoustics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"ears",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"neuronal",
"dendrites",
"excitatory",
"postsynaptic",
"potentials",
"animal",
"cells",
"axons",
"head",
... | 2018 | Function and energy consumption constrain neuronal biophysics in a canonical computation: Coincidence detection |
It is unclear whether dengue serotypes differ in their propensity to cause severe disease . We analyzed differences in serotype-specific disease severity in children presenting for medical attention in Bangkok , Thailand . Prospective studies were conducted from 1994 to 2006 . Univariate and multivariate logistic and m... | The four dengue viruses ( DENV ) represent the most common human arbovirus infections in the world and are currently a challenging problem , particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and the Americas . Infection with DENV may produce symptoms of varying severity . While access to care , appropriate i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics/statistics",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"virology"
] | 2010 | Serotype-Specific Differences in the Risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: An Analysis of Data Collected in Bangkok, Thailand from 1994 to 2006 |
The Th-inducing POK ( Th-POK , also known as ZBTB7B or cKrox ) transcription factor is a key regulator of lineage commitment of immature T cell precursors . It is yet unclear the physiological functions of Th-POK besides helper T cell differentiation . Here we show that Th-POK is restrictedly expressed in the luminal e... | Th-POK , aka cKrox or ZBTB7B , is a zinc finger transcription factor that specifies the cell fate of immature T cell precursors towards the CD4 lineage . It is yet largely unknown if Th-POK participates in the regulation of other biological processes . It is also not known if Th-POK functions beyond cell fate determina... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"milk",
"reproductive",
"system",
"body",
"fluids",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"diet",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"... | 2018 | Th-POK regulates mammary gland lactation through mTOR-SREBP pathway |
Much of the eukaryotic genome is known to be mobile , largely due to the movement of transposons and other parasitic elements . Recent work in plants and Drosophila suggests that mobility is also a feature of many nontransposon genes and gene families . Indeed , analysis of the Arabidopsis genome suggested that as many... | Repetitive DNA , such as satellite repeats and transposons , is ubiquitous throughout the genome . Such repeats have been associated with DNA loss , circle formation , and gene transposition in plants and Drosophila . In this work we suggest that , in plants , one mechanism of gene mobility is intrachromosomal recombin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2010 | Transposed Genes in Arabidopsis Are Often Associated with Flanking Repeats |
Natural killer ( NK ) cells and CD8+ T cells play vital roles in containing and eliminating systemic cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) . However , CMV has a tropism for the salivary gland acinar epithelial cells and persists in this organ for several weeks after primary infection . Here we characterize a distinct NK cell populat... | Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is a herpesvirus that infects 50–95% of human populations . In immunocompetent individuals , a primary infection often goes unnoticed and when resolved by the adaptive immune response , HCMV enters into a latent phase . The natural mouse pathogen murine CMV ( MCMV ) is a well-characterize... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/leukocyte",
"development",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2011 | Salivary Gland NK Cells Are Phenotypically and Functionally Unique |
Patients suffering from Epidermodysplasia verruciformis ( EV ) , a rare inherited skin disease , display a particular susceptibility to persistent infection with cutaneous genus beta-human papillomavirus ( beta-HPV ) , such as HPV type 8 . They have a high risk to develop non-melanoma skin cancer at sun-exposed sites .... | Cutaneous genus beta-HPV types infect skin keratinocytes . Their potential role in skin carcinogenesis , particularly in immunosuppressed patients , has become a major field of interest . Patients suffering from the rare genetic disorder Epidermodysplasia verruciformis ( EV ) are highly susceptible to persistent genus ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"oncology",
"protein",
"expression",
"transcription",
"factors",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",... | 2017 | Identification of C/EBPα as a novel target of the HPV8 E6 protein regulating miR-203 in human keratinocytes |
Mutations occur at vastly different rates across the genome , and populations , leading to differences in the spectrum of segregating polymorphisms . Here , we investigate variation in the rare variant spectrum in a sample of human genomes representing all major world populations . We find at least two distinct signatu... | Genetic variation among humans is built up by a constant stream of new mutations . New mutations appear every generation because of unrepaired DNA damage , or copying errors in DNA replication . Differences between populations in the rate or types of mutations that appear are one of several factors that affect patterns... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"demography",
"ethnicities",
"dna",
"damage",
"mutation",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"dna",
"methylation",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"native",
"americans",
"gene",
"expression",
"chromatin",
"modification",
"dna",
"modification",
"somatic",
"mutation",
"people",
... | 2017 | Differences in the rare variant spectrum among human populations |
Typhoid fever is a major cause of death worldwide with a major part of the disease burden in developing regions such as the Indian sub-continent . Bangladesh is part of this highly endemic region , yet little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of the disease at a regional scale . This research used a ... | This research studies the spatial and temporal distribution of typhoid infections in the Dhaka metropolitan area of Bangladesh in the period 2005 to 2009 . Data from hospital admission records was analysed together with a range of demographic , environmental and climatic data , in what is believed to be the first study... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"geoinformatics",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"spatial",
"analysis",
"human",
"geography",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"geography",
"environmental",
"epidemiology",
... | 2013 | Typhoid Fever and Its Association with Environmental Factors in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh: A Spatial and Time-Series Approach |
Surveillance data indicate that most circulating A ( H1N1 ) pdm09 influenza viruses have remained antigenically similar since they emerged in humans in 2009 . However , antigenic drift is likely to occur in the future in response to increasing population immunity induced by infection or vaccination . In this study , se... | Infection with influenza virus leads to significant morbidity and mortality . Annual vaccination may prevent subsequent disease by inducing neutralizing antibodies to currently circulating strains in the human population . To escape this antibody response , influenza A viruses undergo continuous genetic variation as th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"influenza",
"immunology",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2013 | Antigenic Drift of the Pandemic 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Virus in a Ferret Model |
Many positive-strand RNA viruses encode genes that can function in trans , whereas other genes are required in cis for genome replication . The mechanisms underlying trans- and cis-preferences are not fully understood . Here , we evaluate this concept for hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , an important cause of chronic liver ... | RNA viruses encode one or more proteins that form an RNA replicase , which serves to propagate the viral RNA genome . Some replication genes can function in trans , meaning that proteins expressed by one viral genome can complement and assist in the replication of a defective mutant virus within the same cell . Other v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication Depends on Specific Cis- and Trans-Acting Activities of Viral Nonstructural Proteins |
Circadian rhythms are controlled by a system of negative and positive genetic feedback loops composed of clock genes . Although many genes have been implicated in these feedback loops , it is unclear whether our current list of clock genes is exhaustive . We have recently identified Chrono as a robustly cycling transcr... | The circadian clock has a fundamental role in regulating biological temporal rhythms in organisms , and it is tightly controlled by a molecular circuit consisting of positive and negative regulatory feedback loops . Although many of the clock genes comprising this circuit have been identified , there are still some cri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"physiological",
"processes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"physiology",
"chronobiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"metabolism"
] | 2014 | A Novel Protein, CHRONO, Functions as a Core Component of the Mammalian Circadian Clock |
In central Nigeria Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria and lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) . The strategy used for interrupting LF transmission in this area is annual mass drug administration ( MDA ) with albendazole and ivermectin , but after 8 years of MDA , entomological evaluations in sentinel villages showed continu... | In Plateau and Nasarawa states in central Nigeria , 4 million persons are threatened by a mosquito-transmitted parasitic disease called lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) . LF can lead to elephantiasis , a crippling condition in which the limbs and genitals often are grotesquely swollen or enlarged . In communities afflicted ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Are Synergistic with Mass Drug Administration for Interruption of Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Nigeria |
IFN-α/β plays a critical role in limiting viral spread , restricting viral tropism and protecting mice from neurotropic coronavirus infection . However , the IFN-α/β dependent mechanisms underlying innate anti-viral functions within the CNS are poorly understood . The role of RNase L in viral encephalomyelitis was expl... | Initial spread of viruses is controlled by type I interferon induced antiviral molecules . Early intervention with viral replication is especially critical in central nervous system infections to reduce loss of non-renewable cells and mitigate immune pathology . One of the best characterized anti-viral mechanisms is me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses",
"pathology/neuropathology",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2009 | RNase L Mediated Protection from Virus Induced Demyelination |
Protein-protein interactions ( PPIs ) are essential to most fundamental cellular processes . There has been increasing interest in reconstructing PPIs networks . However , several critical difficulties exist in obtaining reliable predictions . Noticeably , false positive rates can be as high as >80% . Error correction ... | Protein interactions are the basic units in almost all biological processes . It is thus vitally important to reconstruct protein-protein interactions ( PPIs ) before we can fully understand biological processes . However , critical difficulties exist . Particularly the rate of wrongly predicting PPIs to be true ( fals... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"protein",
"interactions",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"bayes",
"theorem",
"probability",
"theory"
] | 2011 | Bayesian Inference for Genomic Data Integration Reduces Misclassification Rate in Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions |
Scabies is a disease of worldwide significance , causing considerable morbidity in both humans and other animals . The scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei burrows into the skin of its host , obtaining nutrition from host skin and blood . Aspartic proteases mediate a range of diverse and essential physiological functions suc... | Scabies is an infectious disease of the skin caused by infestation with the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei . It is a disease that has a considerable impact on humans and other animals , including livestock , wildlife and companion animals . Scabies mites burrow into the skin of their host , consuming host skin and bl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | An Aspartic Protease of the Scabies Mite Sarcoptes scabiei Is Involved in the Digestion of Host Skin and Blood Macromolecules |
Pooled DNA from multiple unknown organisms arises in a variety of contexts , for example microbial samples from ecological or human health research . Determining the composition of pooled samples can be difficult , especially at the scale of modern sequencing data and reference databases . Here we propose a novel metho... | Pooled DNA from multiple unknown organisms arises in a variety of contexts . Determining the composition of pooled samples can be difficult , especially at the scale of modern data . Here we propose the novel method Karp , designed to perform taxonomic profiling in pooled DNA . Karp combines the speed and low-memory re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"microbiome",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"microbiology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"data",
"management",
"mathematics",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"research",
"and",
"anal... | 2018 | Using pseudoalignment and base quality to accurately quantify microbial community composition |
Herpesviruses infect the majority of the human population and can cause significant morbidity and mortality . Herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) type 1 causes cold sores and herpes simplex keratitis , whereas HSV-2 is responsible for genital herpes . Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is the most common viral cause of congenital... | Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses that are carried by almost 100% of the adult human population . Herpesviruses include several important human pathogens , such as herpes simplex viruses ( HSV ) type 1 and 2 ( causing cold sores and genital herpes , respectively ) , human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV; the most common viral... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"genome",
"engineering",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"microbiology",
... | 2016 | CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of Herpesviruses Limits Productive and Latent Infections |
Cancer is a disease driven by a combination of inherited risk alleles coupled with the acquisition of somatic mutations , including amplification and deletion of genomic DNA . Potential relationships between the inherited and somatic aspects of the disease have only rarely been examined on a genome-wide level . Applyin... | Cancer is a disease of two distinct , but related , genomes: the inherited genome and the tumor genome . Despite the fact that the tumor genome arises from the germline , the genomes are typically studied as separate entities . For example , germline genetic studies focus on how inherited variation is related to a part... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/cancer",
"genetics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2010 | Allelic Selection of Amplicons in Glioblastoma Revealed by Combining Somatic and Germline Analysis |
During the development of the spinal cord , proliferative neural progenitors differentiate into postmitotic neurons with distinct fates . How cells switch from progenitor states to differentiated fates is poorly understood . To address this question , we studied the differentiation of progenitors in the zebrafish spina... | During tissue formation , progenitor cells generate both differentiated cells and progenitor cells . It is poorly understood how this balance between self-renewal and differentiation generates the correct number of different cell types . Here , we use zebrafish spinal cord development as a model system to investigate h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Attenuation of Notch and Hedgehog Signaling Is Required for Fate Specification in the Spinal Cord |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) enters hepatocytes following a complex set of receptor interactions , culminating in internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis . However , aside from receptors , little is known about the cellular molecular requirements for infectious HCV entry . Therefore , we analyzed a siRNA library... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) chronically infects 130 million people and is a major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer . The current antiviral therapy of pegylated interferon-2 alfa + ribavirin is successful in only half of treated patients . This has led to an intensive effort to design improved therapeutic strategies . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2009 | RNA Interference and Single Particle Tracking Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Endocytosis |
The reduced efficacy of current Anopheline mosquito control methods underscores the need to develop new methods of control that exploit unique target sites and/or utilizes novel deployment methods . Autodissemination methodologies using insect growth regulators ( IGRs ) is growing in interest and has been shown to be e... | Efforts to control the mosquito vector of malaria , Anopheles gambiae , have been dominated by the use of insecticide-treated bednets or residual spraying efforts for the previous 2–3 decades . The persistent use of these methods has led to a decline in control efficacy and has highlighted the need to 1 ) identify nove... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"liquid",
"chromatography",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"toxicity",
"developmental",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"i... | 2018 | Development of an autodissemination strategy for the deployment of novel control agents targeting the common malaria mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus say (Diptera: Culicidae) |
Co-localization of networks of genes in the nucleus is thought to play an important role in determining gene expression patterns . Based upon experimental data , we built a dynamical model to test whether pure diffusion could account for the observed co-localization of genes within a defined subnuclear region . A simpl... | Transcription is a fundamental step in gene expression , yet it remains poorly understood at cellular level . Textbooks are full of descriptions of promoter-bound transcription factors recruiting RNA polymerase , which initiates transcription before sliding along the transcription unit . However , increasing evidence s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | A Dynamical Model Reveals Gene Co-Localizations in Nucleus |
One of the most remarkable features of the human brain is its ability to adapt rapidly and efficiently to external task demands . Novel and non-routine tasks , for example , are implemented faster than structural connections can be formed . The neural underpinnings of these dynamics are far from understood . Here we de... | As we go about the day , our brains must quickly adapt in accordance with our internal goals . These modifications generally occur within the constraints of a fixed structural architecture , thus manifesting as rapid changes in the recruitment of and integration between brain regions conforming to task demands . For ex... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Functional Cartography of Cognitive Systems |
Spinster homolog 2 ( Spns2 ) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate ( S1P ) transporter in zebrafish and mice , regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively . S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling . The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusive in mammals... | Progressive hearing loss is common in the human population but we know very little about the molecular mechanisms involved . Mutant mice are useful for investigating these mechanisms and have revealed a wide range of different abnormalities that can all lead to the same outcome: deafness . We report here our findings o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"genetics",
"phenotypes",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"sensory",
"perception",
"electrophysiology",
"mammalian",
"genetics",
"neuroscience",
"hearing"
] | 2014 | Spinster Homolog 2 (Spns2) Deficiency Causes Early Onset Progressive Hearing Loss |
Recent studies have greatly increased understanding of how the immune system of insects responds to infection , whereas much less is known about how pathogens subvert immune defenses . Key regulators of the insect immune system are Rel proteins that form Nuclear Factor-κB ( NF-κB ) transcription factors , and inhibitor... | Central to the study of host-pathogen interactions is understanding how the immune system of hosts responds to infection , and reciprocally how pathogens subvert host defenses . In the case of insects , understanding of how the immune system responds to infection greatly exceeds understanding of pathogen counterstrateg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"dna",
"viruses",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitology",
"parasite",
"physiology"
] | 2012 | Polydnavirus Ank Proteins Bind NF-κB Homodimers and Inhibit Processing of Relish |
We present a hidden Markov model ( HMM ) for inferring gradual isolation between two populations during speciation , modelled as a time interval with restricted gene flow . The HMM describes the history of adjacent nucleotides in two genomic sequences , such that the nucleotides can be separated by recombination , can ... | Next-generation sequencing technology has enabled the generation of whole-genome data for many closely related species . For population genetic inference we have sequenced many loci , but only in a few individuals . We present a new method that allows inference of the divergence process based on two closely related gen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"evolution",
"population",
"genetics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"speciation",
"population",
"biology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"gene",
"flow",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
... | 2012 | A New Isolation with Migration Model along Complete Genomes Infers Very Different Divergence Processes among Closely Related Great Ape Species |
Following DNA damage or replication stress , budding yeast cells activate the Rad53 checkpoint kinase , promoting genome stability in these challenging conditions . The DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathways are partially overlapping , sharing several factors , but are also differentiated at various levels . Th... | The maintenance of genome stability is an essential process which needs a careful control . Indeed , the checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms sensing alterations in the integrity of the genome and preventing the replication and segregation of defective DNA molecules . The DNA integrity checkpoint is a signal transdu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"dna",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"dna",
"repair",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"dna",
"synthesis"
] | 2011 | Sensing of Replication Stress and Mec1 Activation Act through Two Independent Pathways Involving the 9-1-1 Complex and DNA Polymerase ε |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEEV ) has been responsible for hundreds of thousands of human and equine cases of severe disease in the Americas . A passive surveillance study was conducted in Peru , Bolivia and Ecuador to determine the arboviral etiology of febrile illness . Patients with suspected viral-assoc... | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEEV ) has been responsible for hundreds of thousands of human and equine cases of severe disease in the Americas . In 2005–2007 , cases of Venezuelan equine encephalitis ( VEE ) were diagnosed for the first time in residents of Bolivia; the patients did not report traveling , sug... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"virology"
] | 2009 | Genetic Characterization of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus from Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru: Identification of a New Subtype ID Lineage |
Chlamydophila psittaci is found worldwide , but is particularly common among psittacine birds in tropical and subtropical regions . While investigating a human psittacosis outbreak that was associated with avian chlamydiosis in Hong Kong , we identified a novel adenovirus in epidemiologically linked Mealy Parrots , whi... | Chlamydophila psittaci is a bacterial pathogen which can cause avian chlamydiosis and human psittacosis . Although C . psittaci is frequently detected in birds from the tropical and subtropical regions , large outbreaks of human infections rarely occur . During the investigation of a human psittacosis outbreak that was... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | A Novel Psittacine Adenovirus Identified During an Outbreak of Avian Chlamydiosis and Human Psittacosis: Zoonosis Associated with Virus-Bacterium Coinfection in Birds |
We are reporting qualitative and quantitative changes of the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) and associated receptor proteomes , occurring during the transition from liver fibrosis and steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . We compared two mouse models relevant to human HCC: PDGFC transgenic ( Tg ) and Pten... | The microenvironment can have a profound influence on cellular behavior and survival and on growth of developing tumor cells . We present the first comprehensive analysis of the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) and associated receptor proteomes , applied here to the study of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . This study de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"detection",
"and",
"diagnosis",
"medicine",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"gastrointestinal",
"tumors",
"liver",
"diseases",
"animal",
"models",
"oncology",
"model",
"organisms",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"proteo... | 2011 | Extracellular Matrix Dynamics in Hepatocarcinogenesis: a Comparative Proteomics Study of PDGFC Transgenic and Pten Null Mouse Models |
It has recently been noted that the relative prevalence of the various kinds of epistasis varies along an adaptive walk . This has been explained as a result of mean regression in NK model fitness landscapes . Here we show that this phenomenon occurs quite generally in fitness landscapes . We propose a simple and gener... | The main result concerns the changing geometry along an adaptive walk in a fitness landscape . An adaptive walk is described by a sequence of genotypes of increasing fitness , where two consecutive genotypes differ by a point mutation . We compare patterns of epistasis , or gene interactions , along adaptive walks . Ro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | The Changing Geometry of a Fitness Landscape Along an Adaptive Walk |
Clostridium difficile , a Gram positive , anaerobic , spore-forming bacterium is an emergent pathogen and the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea . Although transmission of C . difficile is mediated by contamination of the gut by spores , the regulatory cascade controlling spore formation remains poorly characteri... | Clostridium difficile , a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea , produces resistant spores that facilitate the persistence of this bacterium in the environment including hospitals . Its transmission is mediated by contamination of gut by spores . Understanding how this complex developmental process is regulate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Genome-Wide Analysis of Cell Type-Specific Gene Transcription during Spore Formation in Clostridium difficile |
Iron is essential for photosynthesis and is often a limiting nutrient for plant productivity . Plants respond to conditions of iron deficiency by increasing transcript abundance of key genes involved in iron homeostasis , but only a few regulators of these genes have been identified . Using genome-wide expression analy... | Iron deficiency is the most common human nutritional disorder , afflicting more than three billion people worldwide . Most of these people rely on plants for their dietary iron . Iron is also one of the three nutrients that most commonly limit plant growth . Despite progress in tracing how Fe moves throughout the plant... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | MYB10 and MYB72 Are Required for Growth under Iron-Limiting Conditions |
A major tenet in theoretical neuroscience is that cognitive and behavioral processes are ultimately implemented in terms of the neural system dynamics . Accordingly , a major aim for the analysis of neurophysiological measurements should lie in the identification of the computational dynamics underlying task processing... | Computational processes in the brain are often assumed to be implemented in terms of nonlinear neural network dynamics . However , experimentally we usually do not have direct access to this underlying dynamical process that generated the observed time series , but have to infer it from a sample of noisy and mixed meas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"random",
"variables",
"neuroscience",
"covariance",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"algorithms",
"simulation",
"and",
"mod... | 2019 | Identifying nonlinear dynamical systems via generative recurrent neural networks with applications to fMRI |
Unlike most other fungi , molds of the genus Trichoderma ( Hypocreales , Ascomycota ) are aggressive parasites of other fungi and efficient decomposers of plant biomass . Although nutritional shifts are common among hypocrealean fungi , there are no examples of such broad substrate versatility as that observed in Trich... | Individual fungi rely on particular host organisms or substrates for their nutrition . Therefore , the genomes of fungi feeding on plant biomass necessarily contain genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes , while animal parasites may depend on proteolytic activity . Molds in the genus Trichoderma ( Ascomycota ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"parasitology",
"fungi",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"mycology",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"ascomycetes",
"evolutionary",
"systematic... | 2018 | Massive lateral transfer of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes to the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma from its plant-associated hosts |
Sex ratio distortion ( sex-ratio for short ) has been reported in numerous species such as Drosophila , where distortion can readily be detected in experimental crosses , but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive . Here we characterize an autosomal sex-ratio suppressor from D . simulans that we designate as not much ... | Genetic conflicts among genes happen when their modes of transmission differ . Genes in the heterogametic ( XY ) sex can be grouped as X-linked , Y-linked , autosomal , or cytoplasmic . Sex ratio in the progeny greatly affects the transmission advantage of each of the four types of genes , with the optimal sex ratio fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | A sex-ratio Meiotic Drive System in Drosophila simulans. I: An Autosomal Suppressor |
Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast responsible for more than 600 , 000 deaths each year . It occurs as two serotypes ( A and D ) representing two varieties ( i . e . grubii and neoformans , respectively ) . Here , we sequenced the genome and performed an RNA-Seq-based analysis of the C . neof... | Cryptococcus neoformans var . grubii is a major human pathogen responsible for deadly meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients . Here , we report the sequencing and annotation of its genome . Evidence for extensive intron splicing , antisense transcription , non-coding RNAs , and alternative polyadenylation in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"genome",
"evolution",
"microbiology",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"genome",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniq... | 2014 | Analysis of the Genome and Transcriptome of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Reveals Complex RNA Expression and Microevolution Leading to Virulence Attenuation |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) inhibit expression of target genes by binding to their RNA transcripts . It has been recently shown that RNA transcripts targeted by the same miRNA could “compete” for the miRNA molecules and thereby indirectly regulate each other . Experimental evidence has suggested that the aberration of such mi... | CeRNA interaction is a post-transcriptional gene regulation that involves interactions between RNAs competing for common miRNA regulators . Dysregulation of ceRNA interactions have been implicated in multiple diseases including cancer . Here we propose a computational pipeline called Cancerin that infers genome-wide ce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"long",
"non-coding",
"rnas",
"oncology",
"regulator",
"genes",
"micrornas",
"gene",
"types",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"chromatin",
"dna",
"methylation",
"research",
"and",
"ana... | 2018 | Cancerin: A computational pipeline to infer cancer-associated ceRNA interaction networks |
Since the first discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galápagos Rift in 1977 , numerous vent sites and endemic faunal assemblages have been found along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins at low to mid latitudes . These discoveries have suggested the existence of separate biogeographic provinces in the At... | Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are mainly associated with seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges and in basins near volcanic island arcs . They host animals found nowhere else that derive their energy not from the sun but from bacterial oxidation of chemicals in the vent fluids , particularly hydrogen sulphide . Hydrother... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biogeography",
"plate",
"tectonics",
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"astrobiology",
"biota",
"extremophiles",
"microbiology",
"biodiversity",
"oceans",
"marine",
"biology",
"animal",
"phylogenetics",
"biogeochemistry",
"marine",
"technology",
"geology",
"spreading",
"centers",
... | 2012 | The Discovery of New Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities in the Southern Ocean and Implications for Biogeography |
Combinatorial gene perturbations provide rich information for a systematic exploration of genetic interactions . Despite successful applications to bacteria and yeast , the scalability of this approach remains a major challenge for higher organisms such as humans . Here , we report a novel experimental and computationa... | Synthetic genetic interactions estimated from combinatorial gene perturbation screens provide systematic insights into synergistic interactions of genes in a biological process . However , this approach lacks scalability for large-scale genetic interaction profiling in metazoan organisms such as humans . We contribute ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"functional",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Posterior Association Networks and Functional Modules Inferred from Rich Phenotypes of Gene Perturbations |
Acute kidney injury ( AKI ) is a major complication of snake envenoming , but early diagnosis remains problematic . We aimed to investigate the time course of novel renal biomarkers in AKI following Russell’s viper ( Daboia russelii ) bites . We recruited a cohort of patients with definite Russell’s viper envenoming an... | Snake envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that causes death and severe effects in the rural tropics . Acute kidney injury is a major cause of morbidity in snake envenoming , but continues to be poorly recognised and early diagnosis is difficult . We aimed to investigate the time course of renal biomarkers in acu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"biomarkers",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"urine",
"reptiles",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2019 | Early identification of acute kidney injury in Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) envenoming using renal biomarkers |
Identifying naturally-occurring neutralizing antibodies ( NAb ) that are cross-reactive against all global subtypes of HIV-1 is an important step toward the development of a vaccine . Establishing the host and viral determinants for eliciting such broadly NAbs is also critical for immunogen design . NAb breadth has pre... | A broad and potent antibody response is considered essential for an effective HIV-1 vaccine that will protect against diverse circulating strains . Consequently , there is great interest in both the host and viral factors that impact the development of the neutralizing antibody ( NAb ) response in natural HIV-1 infecti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunity",
"virology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | HIV-1 Superinfection in Women Broadens and Strengthens the Neutralizing Antibody Response |
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen circulating in tropical and sub-tropical regions . Although autochthonous transmission has not been reported in Australia , there is a potential risk of local CHIKV outbreaks due to the presence of suitable vectors , global trade , frequent internationa... | Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is mosquito-borne virus circulating in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the globe . Infected travellers from CHIKV-affected areas can initiate outbreaks and epidemics in countries where vector mosquitoes are present . Greater understanding of the pattern of imported cases is required to fa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"pathogens",
"population",
"dynamics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locat... | 2019 | El Niño Southern Oscillation, overseas arrivals and imported chikungunya cases in Australia: A time series analysis |
Receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTKs ) and Notch ( N ) proteins are different types of transmembrane receptors that transduce extracellular signals and control cell fate . Here we examine cell fate specification in the Drosophila retina and ask how N acts together with the RTKs Sevenless ( Sev ) and the EGF receptor ( DER ... | Cells are often directed to their developmental fates by the signals they receive from other cells . The Drosophila eye has become a classic paradigm for studying such signaling , and in this system direct neighbor-to-neighbor signaling plays a large role . The R7 photoreceptor is directed to its fate by signals derive... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Three Distinct Roles for Notch in Drosophila R7 Photoreceptor Specification |
Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) has been practiced for thousands of years , but only within the last few decades has its use become more widespread outside of Asia . Concerns continue to be raised about the efficacy , legality , and safety of many popular complementary alternative medicines , including TCMs . Ingr... | Chemicals derived from plants and animals are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) , and it is commonplace for remedies to contain a complex list of ingredients . Due to their heterogeneous origins , and subsequent processing into pills and powders , it can be difficult for the biological origin of ingre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"animal",
"genetics",
"complementary",
"and",
"alternative",
"medicine",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Deep Sequencing of Plant and Animal DNA Contained within Traditional Chinese Medicines Reveals Legality Issues and Health Safety Concerns |
We propose a novel method for detecting sites of molecular recombination in multiple alignments . Our approach is a compromise between previous extremes of computationally prohibitive but mathematically rigorous methods and imprecise heuristic methods . Using a combined algorithm for estimating tree structure and hidde... | In viral and bacterial pathogens , recombination has the ability to combine fitness-enhancing mutations . Accurate characterization of recombinant breakpoints in newly sequenced strains can provide information about the role of this process in evolution , for example , in immune evasion . Of particular interest are sit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2009 | Accurate Detection of Recombinant Breakpoints in Whole-Genome Alignments |
Hookworms survive for several years ( 5 to 7 years ) in the host lumen , inducing a robust but largely ineffective immune response . Among the most striking aspects of the immune response to hookworm ( as with many other helminths ) is the ablation of parasite-specific T cell proliferative response ( hyporesponsiveness... | Hookworms survive for several years in the host lumen , inducing a robust but ineffective immune response . While the role of the adaptive response in human helminth infection has been well investigated , the role of the innate immune responses remains to be elucidated . We report on the development of dendritic cells ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2009 | Necator americanus Infection: A Possible Cause of Altered Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Eosinophil Profile in Chronically Infected Individuals |
Altruistic behavior is considered a key feature of the human cooperative makeup , with deep ontogenetic roots . The tendency to engage in altruistic behavior varies between individuals and has been linked to differences in responding to fearful faces . The current study tests the hypothesis that this link exists from e... | Altruistic behavior such as helping an unfamiliar person in need is considered a key feature of cooperation in human societies . Yet our propensity to engage in altruistic acts varies considerably among individuals , ranging from extraordinarily altruistic kidney donors to highly antisocial psychopaths . We examined th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"face",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"age",
"groups",
"fear",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"infants",
"altruistic",
"behavior",
"eyes",
"families",
"social",
"cognition",
"emotions",
"prosocial",
"behavior",
... | 2018 | The neurodevelopmental precursors of altruistic behavior in infancy |
Protozoan parasites , such as Leishmania , still pose an enormous public health problem in many countries throughout the world . Current measures are outdated and have some associated drug resistance , prompting the search into novel therapies . Several innovative approaches are under investigation , including the util... | Protozoan parasites are the causative agent of much disease in tropical areas of the world . Currently , the control of these diseases is dependent on outdated drug treatment , with associated high toxicity and drug resistance . There is an urgent need for novel anti-parasitic therapies . One emerging anti-parasitic th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"leishmaniasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Effect of BMAP-28 Antimicrobial Peptides on Leishmania major Promastigote and Amastigote Growth: Role of Leishmanolysin in Parasite Survival |
The occurrences of many environmentally-persistent and zoonotic infections are driven by ecosystem changes , which in turn are underpinned by land-use modifications that alter the governance of pathogen , biodiversity and human interactions . Our current understanding of these ecological changes on disease emergence ho... | This study provides the first ever recorded extraction of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA from the environment in South America , specifically from French Guiana an ultra-peripheral French territory . M . ulcerans is the causative agent responsible for the devastating necrotic skin infection Buruli ulcer , which is prevalen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecological",
"environments",
"freshwater",
"environments",
"aquatic",
"environments",
"ecology",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"freshwater",
"ecology",
"genetics",
"of",
"dise... | 2014 | First Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA in Environmental Samples from South America |
Dicer is a key component of RNA interference ( RNAi ) and well-known for its role in biogenesis of micro ( mi ) RNA in the cytoplasm . Increasing evidence suggests that mammalian Dicer is also present and active in the nucleus . We have previously shown that phosphorylated human Dicer associates with chromatin in respo... | Cytoplasmic Dicer is a key component of the canonical micro ( mi ) RNA biogenesis pathway . However , a growing body of evidence points toward localisation and activity of mammalian Dicer in the nucleus . A recent study by Much et al . , employed an endogenously HA-tagged Dicer knock-in mouse cell line to show that Dic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"immunoblotting",
"cytoplasmic",
"staining",
"dna",
"damage",
"immunoprecipitation",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
... | 2018 | Nuclear re-localization of Dicer in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast nuclei following DNA damage |
Eumycetoma is a chronic infectious disease characterized by a large subcutaneous mass , often caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis . A combination of surgery and prolonged medication is needed to treat this infection with a success rate of only 30% . There is , therefore , an urgent need to find more effective dr... | Mycetoma is a poverty-associated disease that was recently recognised as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) . This disease can be caused by either bacteria ( actinomycetoma ) or fungi ( eumycetoma ) . The most common causative agent of mycetoma is the fungus Madurella mycetomatis . Ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"mycetoma",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"antifungals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pha... | 2018 | Addressing the most neglected diseases through an open research model: The discovery of fenarimols as novel drug candidates for eumycetoma |
A key challenge in the production of second generation biofuels is the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars . Enzymes , particularly those from fungi , are a central part of this process , and many have been isolated and characterised . However , relatively little is known of how fungi respo... | The aim of second generation biofuels is to produce fuels from non-food crops and agricultural wastes such as straw . A key , and often limiting , step is the extraction of simple sugars ( saccharification ) from the complex plant materials . This typically requires the use of fungal enzymes . Many such enzymes have be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"microbiology",
"fungal",
"physiology",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"fungi",
"applied",
"microbiology",
"environmental",
"biotechnology",
"mycology",
"biodegradation",
"biology",
"transcriptomes",
"genomics",
"computatio... | 2012 | Uncovering the Genome-Wide Transcriptional Responses of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger to Lignocellulose Using RNA Sequencing |
Elevated aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells ( the Warburg effect ) may be attributed to respiration injury or mitochondrial dysfunction , but the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic significance remain elusive . Here we report that induction of mitochondrial respiratory defect by tetracycline-controlled expression of... | Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic metabolic process that produces energy from glucose . In normal cells , the rate of glycolysis is low , and glycolysis products are further processed in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation , a very efficient energy-producing process . Cancer cells , however , display higher levels... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Novel Role of NOX in Supporting Aerobic Glycolysis in Cancer Cells with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy |
Telomere capture , a rare event that stabilizes chromosome breaks , is associated with certain genetic abnormalities in humans . Studies pertaining to the generation , maintenance , and biological effects of telomere formation are limited in metazoans . A mutation , mu2a , in Drosophila melanogaster decreases the rate ... | Telomeres are structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes required for chromosome stability . If unrepaired , a single chromosome end without a telomere is sufficient to kill a cell , but new telomere formation is rare . Previously , we described a gene in Drosophila whose mutants , after irradiation , produced ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses"
] | 2009 | Recognition of Double Strand Breaks by a Mutator Protein (MU2) in Drosophila melanogaster |
Bats are recognized as a major reservoir of lyssaviruses; however , no bat lyssavirus has been isolated in Asia except for Aravan and Khujand virus in Central Asia . All Chinese lyssavirus isolates in previous reports have been of species rabies virus , mainly from dogs . Following at least two recent bat-associated hu... | The Lyssavirus genus presently comprises 12 species and two unapproved species with different antigenic characteristics . Rabies virus is detectable worldwide; Lagos bat virus , Mokola virus , Duvenhage virus , Shimoni bat virus , and Ikoma lyssavirus circulate in Africa; European bat lyssavirus types 1 and 2 , Irkut v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2013 | Isolation of Irkut Virus from a Murina leucogaster Bat in China |
For patients infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , the combination of the direct-acting antiviral agent telaprevir , pegylated-interferon alfa ( Peg-IFN ) , and ribavirin ( RBV ) significantly increases the chances of sustained virologic response ( SVR ) over treatment with Peg-IFN and RBV alone . If patients do no... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) chronically infects approximately 170 million people worldwide . The goal of HCV treatment is viral eradication ( sustained virologic response; SVR ) . Telaprevir directly inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the HCV protease , leading to high SVR rates when combined with pegylated-interfe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"antimicrobials",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"dynamics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"microbiology",
"liver",
"diseases",
"algorithms",
"infectious",
"hepatitis",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"gas... | 2014 | Modeling Viral Evolutionary Dynamics after Telaprevir-Based Treatment |
In the Niayes area , located in the west of Senegal , only one tsetse species , Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank ( Diptera: Glossinidae ) was present . The Government of Senegal initiated and implemented an elimination programme in this area that included a sterile insect technique ( SIT ) component . The G . p... | Senegal is one of the many African countries infested by tsetse flies responsible for the transmission of trypanosomes to humans and animals , causing health and economic losses . In the Niayes area , located in the west of Senegal , only one tsetse species , Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank ( Diptera: Glossini... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"glossina",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protozoans",
"pupae",
"population",
"biology",
"africa",
"senegal",
"ecosystems",
... | 2017 | Competitiveness and survival of two strains of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in an urban area of Senegal |
Nematode parasites cause substantial morbidity to billions of people and considerable losses in livestock and food crops . The repertoire of effective anthelmintic compounds for treating these parasitoses is very limited , as drug development has been delayed for decades . Moreover , resistance has become a global conc... | Intestinal helminth infections affect approximately one-third of the world’s population , particularly in developing countries . Paradoxically , drug development in this area has been delayed for years . In addition , resistance to currently available drugs is also an emerging global concern . Therefore , there is an u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"caenorhabditis",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabdi... | 2018 | Diisopropylphenyl-imidazole (DII): A new compound that exerts anthelmintic activity through novel molecular mechanisms |
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , splicing is critical for expression of ribosomal protein genes ( RPGs ) , which are among the most highly expressed genes and are tightly regulated according to growth and environmental conditions . However , knowledge of the precise mechanisms by which RPG pre-mRNA splicing is regulated o... | Ribosomes are responsible for protein production in all living cells , serving as the grounds for the translation of genetic information from RNA to protein . Given the vital role of the ribosome in protein assembly , ribosome components are highly expressed and are subject to tight regulation . Some ribosomal proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"rna",
"extraction",
"northern",
"blot",
"fungi",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"... | 2016 | Splicing-Mediated Autoregulation Modulates Rpl22p Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
The endosymbiont Wolbachia is known to block replication of several important arboviruses , including dengue virus ( DENV ) , in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti . So far , the exact mechanism of this viral inhibition is not fully understood . A recent study in Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated an interaction b... | Dengue infection along with its related disease conditions poses a significant threat to human populations . The pathogen responsible for this infection is dengue virus ( DENV ) , which is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of Ae . aegypti mosquitoes . Unavailability of vaccines has recently sparked rese... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"animal",
"models",
"viruses",
"micrornas",
"model",
"organisms",
"droso... | 2018 | Suppression of the pelo protein by Wolbachia and its effect on dengue virus in Aedes aegypti |
Despite doubts about methods used and the association between vector density and dengue transmission , routine sampling of mosquito vector populations is common in dengue-endemic countries worldwide . This study examined the evidence from published studies for the existence of any quantitative relationship between vect... | Routine sampling of mosquito vector populations is common in dengue-endemic countries worldwide despite doubts about methods used or the correlation between vector density and dengue transmission . This systematic review examined the published evidence investigating associations between vector indices and dengue cases ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"viral",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control"
] | 2014 | Assessing the Relationship between Vector Indices and Dengue Transmission: A Systematic Review of the Evidence |
We present the AGEMAP ( Atlas of Gene Expression in Mouse Aging Project ) gene expression database , which is a resource that catalogs changes in gene expression as a function of age in mice . The AGEMAP database includes expression changes for 8 , 932 genes in 16 tissues as a function of age . We found great heterogen... | This work studies the aging process in mice using DNA microarrays to identify genes that change expression during aging . The entire set of age-regulated genes constitutes a transcriptional profile that can be used to measure ages of different individuals . Furthermore , the aging expression profile highlights genetic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"drosophila",
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | AGEMAP: A Gene Expression Database for Aging in Mice |
The remarkable maneuverability of flying animals results from precise movements of their highly specialized wings . Bats have evolved an impressive capacity to control their flight , in large part due to their ability to modulate wing shape , area , and angle of attack through many independently controlled joints . Bat... | Bats demonstrate remarkable agility in flight , reorienting from a horizontal flying position to a heels-over-head roosting position and recovering from aerial stumbles with ease . In this paper , we demonstrate that bats are able to execute these elegant maneuvers using primarily inertial forces , by controlled articu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [] | 2015 | Falling with Style: Bats Perform Complex Aerial Rotations by Adjusting Wing Inertia |
Type IV pili are polymeric fibers which protrude from the cell surface and play a critical role in adhesion and invasion by pathogenic bacteria . The secretion of pili across the periplasm and outer membrane is mediated by a specialized secretin protein , PilQ , but the way in which this large channel is formed is unkn... | Many bacteria which cause infectious disease in humans use large fibers , called pili , to attach to the surfaces of the cells of the host . Pili are also involved in a particular type of movement of bacteria , termed twitching motility , and the uptake of DNA into the bacterial cell . They are made up of thousands of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"gram",
"negative",
"proteins",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2012 | Structure and Assembly of a Trans-Periplasmic Channel for Type IV Pili in Neisseria meningitidis |
The cytosolic glutathione transferase ( cytGST ) superfamily comprises more than 13 , 000 nonredundant sequences found throughout the biosphere . Their key roles in metabolism and defense against oxidative damage have led to thousands of studies over several decades . Despite this attention , little is known about the ... | Cytosolic glutathione transferases ( cytGSTs ) are a large and diverse superfamily of enzymes that have important roles in metabolism and defense against oxidative damage . They have been studied for several decades but because of the synthetic nature of the chemicals used to test these proteins to determine if they ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biological",
"data",
"management",
"proteins",
"enzymes",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"enzymology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Large-Scale Determination of Sequence, Structure, and Function Relationships in Cytosolic Glutathione Transferases across the Biosphere |
Damage initiates a pleiotropic cellular response aimed at cellular survival when appropriate . To identify genes required for damage survival , we used a cell-based RNAi screen against the Drosophila genome and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate ( MMS ) . Similar studies performed in other model organisms re... | Cellular damage is known to elicit a pleiotropic response , but the relative importance of the constituent components in cell survival is poorly understood . To provide an unbiased identification of the proteins utilized in damage survival , we performed an RNAi survival screen in fly cells with methyl methanesulfonate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2009 | A Network of Conserved Damage Survival Pathways Revealed by a Genomic RNAi Screen |
A precise and rapid adjustment of fluxes through metabolic pathways is crucial for organisms to prevail in changing environmental conditions . Based on this reasoning , many guiding principles that govern the evolution of metabolic networks and their regulation have been uncovered . To this end , methods from dynamic o... | Understanding the guiding principles behind the evolution of metabolic networks and their regulation is of fundamental importance in a broad range of disciplines reaching from the identification of novel targets to treat infections to the utilization of microbial organisms in biotechnological production processes . In ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymology",
"toxicology",
"optimization",
"toxicity",
"mathematics",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"enzyme",
"kinetics",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"proteins",
... | 2017 | Optimality principles reveal a complex interplay of intermediate toxicity and kinetic efficiency in the regulation of prokaryotic metabolism |
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