Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monepantel is a member of the recently identified class of anthelmintics known as the amino-acetonitrile derivatives ( AADs ) . Monepantel controls all major gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep including those that are resistant to the classical anthelmintics . Previous studies have shown that the Caenorhabditis elega... | Worldwide , sheep and cattle farming are endangered by anthelmintic-resistant gastro-intestinal nematodes . Monepantel , a member of the recently identified class of anthelmintics known as the amino-acetonitrile derivatives ( AADs ) exhibits excellent efficacy against various species of livestock-pathogenic nematodes a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | acr-23 Encodes a Monepantel-Sensitive Channel in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Familial clustering and ethnic differences suggest that visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani is under genetic control . A recent genome scan provided evidence for a major susceptibility gene on Chromosome 22q12 in the Aringa ethnic group in Sudan . We now report a genome-wide scan using 69 families with... | The parasitic disease kala-azar , or visceral leishmaniasis , is associated with liver , spleen , and lymph gland enlargement , as well as fever , weight loss , and anaemia . It is fatal unless treated . Three major foci of disease occur in India , Sudan , and Brazil . Importantly , 80%–90% of infections are asymptomat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Y Chromosome Lineage- and Village-Specific Genes on Chromosomes 1p22 and 6q27 Control Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan |
Although malaria and Epstein–Barr ( EBV ) infection are recognized cofactors in the genesis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma ( BL ) , their relative contribution is not understood . BL , the most common paediatric cancer in equatorial Africa , is a high-grade B cell lymphoma characterized by c-myc translocation . EBV is a u... | Malaria and Epstein–Barr virus ( EBV ) infections are recognized cofactors in the genesis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma , the most common paediatric cancer in equatorial Africa . EBV is a ubiquitous virus residing in B lymphocytes that establishes a lifelong persistence in the host after primary infection . EBV has two l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"homo",
"(human)",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"virology"
] | 2007 | A Molecular Link between Malaria and Epstein–Barr Virus Reactivation |
In higher eukaryotes , induced resistance associates with acquisition of a priming state of the cells for a more effective activation of innate immunity; however , the nature of the components for mounting this type of immunological memory is not well known . We identified an extracellular subtilase from Arabidopsis , ... | Following a first encounter with a pathogen , higher eukaryotes develop enhanced resistance to subsequent infections by a broad spectrum of pathogens . This type of induced resistance ( IR ) exhibits memory characteristics after the first encounter with a pathogen —training effect— and appears evolutionarily conserved ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"pathogens",
"plant",
"pathology",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology"
] | 2013 | An Extracellular Subtilase Switch for Immune Priming in Arabidopsis |
Hsp70 is a well-conserved molecular chaperone involved in the folding , stabilization , and eventual degradation of many “client” proteins . Hsp70 is regulated by a suite of co-chaperone molecules that assist in Hsp70-client interaction and stimulate the intrinsic ATPase activity of Hsp70 . While previous studies have ... | Ribonucleotide reductase ( RNR ) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of DNA and inhibition of RNR leads to cellular sensitivity to radiation . As such , RNR is a well-validated therapeutic target for a variety of diseases including cancer . Anti-RNR drugs are effective but are associated with a range of side effects in pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"viability",
"testing",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunoblotting",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"prenylation",
"dna",
"damage",
"farnesylation",
"fungi",
"immunoprecipitation",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiologi... | 2018 | The Hsp70 co-chaperone Ydj1/HDJ2 regulates ribonucleotide reductase activity |
Here we report the monitoring of the digestive tract colonization of Rhodnius prolixus by Trypanosoma cruzi using an accurate determination of the parasite load by qPCR coupled with fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging ( BLI ) . These complementary methods revealed critical steps necessary for the parasite populati... | Although the key aspects of the T . cruzi life cycle were described more than one century ago , the development and interactions of T . cruzi with its vector are poorly characterized . By dissection of different compartments of the triatomine gut ( prototype Rhodnius prolixus ) ( i . e . , AM , PM and H ) at regular ti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Monitoring of the Parasite Load in the Digestive Tract of Rhodnius prolixus by Combined qPCR Analysis and Imaging Techniques Provides New Insights into the Trypanosome Life Cycle |
The study of plant biomass utilization by fungi is a research field of great interest due to its many implications in ecology , agriculture and biotechnology . Most of the efforts done to increase the understanding of the use of plant cell walls by fungi have been focused on the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulo... | The growth of filamentous fungi on plant biomass , which occurs through the utilization of its components ( e . g . D-glucose , D-xylose , L-arabinose , L-rhamnose ) as carbon sources , is a highly regulated event . L-rhamnose ( 6-deoxy-L-mannose ) is a deoxy-sugar present in plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides ( ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"fungal",
"structure",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sacch... | 2016 | Identification of a Novel L-rhamnose Uptake Transporter in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger |
Genomic DNA copy-number alterations ( CNAs ) are associated with complex diseases , including cancer: CNAs are indeed related to tumoral grade , metastasis , and patient survival . CNAs discovered from array-based comparative genomic hybridization ( aCGH ) data have been instrumental in identifying disease-related gene... | As a consequence of problems during cell division , the number of copies of a gene in a chromosome can either increase or decrease . These copy-number alterations ( CNAs ) can play a crucial role in the emergence of complex multigenic diseases . For example , in cancer , amplification of oncogenes can drive tumor activ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computer",
"science",
"mathematics",
"homo",
"(human)",
"eukaryotes",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Flexible and Accurate Detection of Genomic Copy-Number Changes from aCGH |
Selenocysteine ( Sec ) is known as the 21st amino acid , a cysteine analogue with selenium replacing sulphur . Sec is inserted co-translationally in a small fraction of proteins called selenoproteins . In selenoprotein genes , the Sec specific tRNA ( tRNASec ) drives the recoding of highly specific UGA codons from stop... | Most proteins are made of twenty amino acids . However , there is a small group of proteins that incorporate a 21st amino acid , Selenocysteine ( Sec ) . These proteins are called selenoproteins and are present in some , but not all , species from the three domains of life . Sec is inserted in selenoproteins in respons... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfer",
"rna",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"genome",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
... | 2017 | Computational identification of the selenocysteine tRNA (tRNASec) in genomes |
Homologous recombination is an evolutionally conserved mechanism that promotes genome stability through the faithful repair of double-strand breaks and single-strand gaps in DNA , and the recovery of stalled or collapsed replication forks . Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATP-dependent DNA helicase Srs2 ( a member of the high... | Homologous recombination ( HR ) is a DNA-repair mechanism that is generally considered error free because it uses an intact sister chromatid as a template . However , in diploid cells , HR can also occur between homologous chromosomes , which can lead to genomic instability through loss of heterozygosity . This alterat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"homologous",
"chromosomes",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"galactose",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"fungi",
"sumoylation",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",... | 2016 | Srs2 and Mus81–Mms4 Prevent Accumulation of Toxic Inter-Homolog Recombination Intermediates |
Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus linked to a number of B cell cancers and lymphoproliferative disorders . During latent infection , EBV expresses 25 viral pre-microRNAs ( miRNAs ) and induces the expression of specific host miRNAs , such as miR-155 and miR-21 , which potentially play a role ... | Over 90% of adults worldwide are infected with Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) . While EBV infection is normally controlled by a healthy immune system , in immuno-compromised individuals , EBV can cause serious disease and/or cancer . During infection , EBV expresses viral microRNAs ( miRNAs ) and induces the expression of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rna",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"virology",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2012 | The Viral and Cellular MicroRNA Targetome in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines |
Despite being a small country , Kosovo represents one of the few foci of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) in Europe . The distribution of Kosovar tick vectors and the evolution of CCHF virus in ticks are both as yet unknown . A better description of the extent and the genetic diversity of CCHFV in ticks from en... | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) is the most widespread tick-borne virus affecting humans . Its distribution coincides with that of Old World Hyalomma tick vectors . The virus circulates in an enzootic cycle , where hard ticks are both vectors and reservoirs , and mammals the amplifying hosts . Accidenta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ixodes",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"crimean-congo",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"animals",
... | 2014 | Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Clades V and VI (Europe 1 and 2) in Ticks in Kosovo, 2012 |
Between March 2014 and July 2015 at least 10 , 500 Ebola cases including more than 4 , 800 deaths occurred in Liberia , the majority in Monrovia . However , official numbers may have underestimated the size of the outbreak . Closure of health facilities and mistrust in existing structures may have additionally impacted... | During the Ebola outbreak in 2014/2015 more than 4 , 800 people died of Ebola in Liberia . Health care providers in the field have assumed that closure of health facilities and mistrust in existing structures resulted not only substantial additional deaths from Ebola but also impacted on death rate of other diseases an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"demography",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"cell",
"phones",
"health",
"care",
"research",
... | 2016 | Mortality, Morbidity and Health-Seeking Behaviour during the Ebola Epidemic 2014–2015 in Monrovia Results from a Mobile Phone Survey |
Angelman syndrome ( AS ) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by severe cognitive impairment and a high rate of autism . AS is caused by disrupted neuronal expression of the maternally inherited Ube3A ubiquitin protein ligase , required for the proteasomal degradation of proteins implicated in synaptic plastici... | Angelman syndrome ( AS ) is a debilitating neurological disorder caused by a dysfunctional Ube3A gene . Most children with AS exhibit developmental delay , movement disorders , speech impairment , and often autistic features . The Ube3A enzyme normally regulates the degradation of the synaptic protein Arc , and in its ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Impairment of TrkB-PSD-95 Signaling in Angelman Syndrome |
HIV-1 is taken up by immature monocyte derived dendritic cells ( iMDDCs ) into tetraspanin rich caves from which the virus can either be transferred to T lymphocytes or enter into endosomes resulting in degradation . HIV-1 binding and fusion with the DC membrane results in low level de novo infection that can also be t... | Dendritic cells ( DCs ) are vital for immune recognition of pathogens as they capture , internalise , degrade and present foreign peptides to T lymphocytes . It is thought that HIV-1 hijacks the DCs functions , such as migration and maturation , to increase contact with the major target cell CD4+ T lymphocytes leading ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Microvesicle Component of HIV-1 Inocula Modulates Dendritic Cell Infection and Maturation and Enhances Adhesion to and Activation of T Lymphocytes |
The Dobzhansky-Muller ( D-M ) model of speciation by genic incompatibility is widely accepted as the primary cause of interspecific postzygotic isolation . Since the introduction of this model , there have been theoretical and experimental data supporting the existence of such incompatibilities . However , speciation g... | Species are defined such that organisms of the same species can produce fertile offspring , whereas organisms of different species are either unable to mate , or when they do , they produce inviable or sterile progeny . A well-known pair of species that can mate yet produce sterile offspring is the horse and donkey , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | A Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals No Nuclear Dobzhansky-Muller Pairs of Determinants of Speciation between S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus, but Suggests More Complex Incompatibilities |
Imaging plays the key role in diagnosing and staging of CE . The description of CE-specific imaging features and the WHO CE cyst classification is based on ultrasound . The reproducibility of the ultrasound-defined features of CE cysts is variable in MR- and CT-imaging . This is of particular importance for cysts that ... | Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is a neglected parasitic disease of global distribution . The highest prevalence rates are recorded in South America , Northern and Eastern Africa , Eurasia and Australia . In non-endemic and largely high income countries CE is a disease of immigrants . Imaging plays the key role in diagnos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"echinococcosis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computed",
"tomography",
"ultrasonography",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"radiology",
"and",
"medical",
"imaging",
"radiology",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging"
] | 2012 | Diagnosing and Staging of Cystic Echinococcosis: How Do CT and MRI Perform in Comparison to Ultrasound? |
Epigenetic regulation plays critical roles in the regulation of cell proliferation , fate determination , and survival . It has been shown to control self-renewal and lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells . However , epigenetic regulation of adult stem cell function remains poorly defined . Drosophila ovarian... | Epigenetic regulation plays critical roles in the regulation of cell proliferation , fate determination , and survival . It has been extensively studied in embryonic stem cells for its roles in the control of self-renewal and lineage differentiation . However , epigenetic regulation of adult stem cell function remains ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"biology",
"adult",
"stem",
"cells"
] | 2011 | Histone H3K9 Trimethylase Eggless Controls Germline Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation |
We present a new modeling and computational tool that computes rigorous summaries of network dynamics over large sets of parameter values . These summaries , organized in a database , can be searched for observed dynamics , e . g . , bistability and hysteresis , to discover parameter regimes over which they are support... | To summarize our understanding of how genes , their products and other cellular actors interact with each other , we often employ networks to describe their interactions . However , networks do not fully specify how the underlying biological system behaves in different conditions , nor how such response evolves in time... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"cell",
"processes",
"signaling",
"networks",
"fungi",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"network",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"... | 2018 | Identifying robust hysteresis in networks |
Arachnomelia is a monogenic recessive defect of skeletal development in cattle . The causative mutation was previously mapped to a ∼7 Mb interval on chromosome 5 . Here we show that array-based sequence capture and massively parallel sequencing technology , combined with the typical family structure in livestock popula... | Arachnomelia is a defect in skeletal development of cattle . Affected calves are born dead with elongated limbs and facial deformities . The causative mutation for this recessive condition had previously been mapped to a ∼7 Mb interval . We exploited the special structure of cattle families to identify the causative mu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Identification of the Bovine Arachnomelia Mutation by Massively Parallel Sequencing Implicates Sulfite Oxidase (SUOX) in Bone Development |
Canine rabies causes many thousands of human deaths every year in Africa , and continues to increase throughout much of the continent . This paper identifies four common reasons given for the lack of effective canine rabies control in Africa: ( a ) a low priority given for disease control as a result of lack of awarene... | Elimination of canine rabies has been achieved in some parts of the world , but the disease still kills many thousands of people each year in Africa . Here we counter common arguments given for the lack of effective canine rabies control in Africa presenting detailed data from a range of settings . We conclude that ( 1... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"... | 2010 | The Feasibility of Canine Rabies Elimination in Africa: Dispelling Doubts with Data |
Over half of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders ( HANDs ) , yet the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal dysfunction are poorly understood . Feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) naturally infects cats and shares its structure , cell tr... | Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) -associated neurocognitive disorders ( HANDs ) occur in as many as 50% of individuals infected with HIV , including patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy ( cART ) . Notably , while neuronal death is mitigated with cART , neuronal dysfunction persists . This study inv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"death",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"immunoblotting",
"neuro... | 2018 | HIV induces synaptic hyperexcitation via cGMP-dependent protein kinase II activation in the FIV infection model |
Anthrax toxin ( AnTx ) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of anthrax . AnTx is composed of three proteins: protective antigen ( PA ) , edema factor , and lethal factor ( LF ) . PA is not toxic but serves to bind cells and translocate the toxic edema factor or LF moieties to the cytosol . Recently , the low-density li... | The effects of many pathogenic bacteria are caused by the toxins they release . The toxin released by bacteria that cause anthrax is particularly fascinating since it is made of three different proteins: edema factor , lethal factor , and protective antigen ( PA ) . On their own , each of these proteins is harmless , b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"mammals",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | LRP5 and LRP6 Are Not Required for Protective Antigen–Mediated Internalization or Lethality of Anthrax Lethal Toxin |
Influenza is an infectious disease that primarily attacks the respiratory system . Innate immunity provides both a very early defense to influenza virus invasion and an effective control of viral growth . Previous modelling studies of virus–innate immune response interactions have focused on infection with a single vir... | Infection with the influenza virus is responsible for serious morbidity and mortality . In otherwise-healthy individuals , infection is usually acute , lasting between 5 to 10 days . Over this time , the virus initially replicates rapidly , before peaking and then being cleared from the body . Despite extensive study ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Innate Immunity and the Inter-exposure Interval Determine the Dynamics of Secondary Influenza Virus Infection and Explain Observed Viral Hierarchies |
West Nile virus ( WNV ) can persist long term in the brain and kidney tissues of humans , non-human primates , and hamsters . In this study , mice were infected with WNV strain H8912 , previously cultured from the urine of a persistently infected hamster , to determine its pathogenesis in a murine host . We found that ... | West Nile virus ( WNV ) has been reported to persist long term in the brain and kidney tissues of humans , non-human primates , and hamsters . To define a murine model of persistent WNV renal infection , we characterized infection by WNV H8912 , an isolate cultured previously from the urine of a persistently infected h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"viral",
"persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | A Hamster-Derived West Nile Virus Isolate Induces Persistent Renal Infection in Mice |
In cortical neurons , spikes are initiated in the axon initial segment . Seen at the soma , they appear surprisingly sharp . A standard explanation is that the current coming from the axon becomes sharp as the spike is actively backpropagated to the soma . However , sharp initiation of spikes is also seen in the input–... | Spike initiation determines how the combined inputs to a neuron are converted to an output . Since the pioneering work of Hodgkin and Huxley , it is known that spikes are generated by the opening of sodium channels with depolarization . According to this standard theory , these channels should open gradually when the m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Sharpness of Spike Initiation in Neurons Explained by Compartmentalization |
Cardiac electrical alternans ( CEA ) , manifested as T-wave alternans in ECG , is a clinical biomarker for predicting cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death . However , the mechanism underlying the spontaneous transition from CEA to arrhythmias remains incompletely elucidated . In this study , multiscale rabbit ventricul... | T-wave alternans ( TWA ) , manifested as beat to beat alterations between large and small T-wave amplitudes on the electrocardiogram ( ECG ) is one of the prevalent clinical observations that are closely associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death . TWA is believed to be underlined by cardiac alternans at the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"membrane",
"potential",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"anisotropy",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"rabbits",
"simulation",
"and",
... | 2018 | Mechanistic insight into spontaneous transition from cellular alternans to arrhythmia—A simulation study |
Production of native antigens for serodiagnosis of helminthic infections is laborious and hampered by batch-to-batch variation . For serodiagnosis of echinococcosis , especially cystic disease , most screening tests rely on crude or purified Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid . To resolve limitations associated... | Crude or purified , somatic or metabolic extracts of native antigens are routinely used for the serodiagnosis of human helminthic infections . These antigens are often cross-reactive , i . e . , recognized by sera from patients infected with heterologous helminth species . To overcome limitations in antigen production ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2010 | Serodiagnosis of Echinococcus spp. Infection: Explorative Selection of Diagnostic Antigens by Peptide Microarray |
Arabidopsis MOM1 is required for the heritable maintenance of transcriptional gene silencing ( TGS ) . Unlike many other silencing factors , depletion of MOM1 evokes transcription at selected loci without major changes in DNA methylation or histone modification . These loci retain unusual , bivalent chromatin propertie... | Epigenetic regulation of transcription usually involves changes in histone modifications , as well as DNA methylation changes in plants and mammals . Previously , we found an exceptional epigenetic regulator in Arabidopsis , MOM1 , acting independently of these epigenetic marks . Interestingly , MOM1 controls loci asso... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics"
] | 2008 | Divergent Evolution of CHD3 Proteins Resulted in MOM1 Refining Epigenetic Control in Vascular Plants |
Activation of the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 by reduced insulin/IGF signaling ( IIS ) is considered to be beneficial in C . elegans due to its ability to extend lifespan and to enhance stress resistance . In the germline , cell-autonomous DAF-16 activity prevents stem cell proliferation , thus acting tumor-suppre... | The transcription factor FOXO is a well-known tumor suppressor whose activity is controlled by nutrients and stress signaling . In the roundworm C . elegans , the activity of the FOXO protein DAF-16 is best known for its beneficial role in stress response and long lifespan . However , FOXO proteins may also promote tum... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"skin",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"integumentary",
"system",
"gonads",
"caenorhabditis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"animals",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"organisms",
"caenorhabditis",
... | 2017 | C. elegans DAF-16/FOXO interacts with TGF-ß/BMP signaling to induce germline tumor formation via mTORC1 activation |
Strategies employed by parasites to establish infections are poorly understood . The host-parasite interface is maintained through a molecular dialog that , among other roles , protects parasites from host immune responses . Parasite excretory/secretory products ( ESP ) play major roles in this process . Understanding ... | Ascaris lumbricoides , the most prevalent metazoan parasite of humans , is a public health concern in resource-limited countries . Survival of this parasite in its host is mediated at least in part by parasite materials secreted into the host . Little is known about the composition of these secretions; defining their c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"proteomics",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2014 | Proteomic Analysis of Adult Ascaris suum Fluid Compartments and Secretory Products |
Promyelocytic leukemia protein ( PML ) , a major component of PML nuclear bodies ( also known as nuclear domain 10 ) , is involved in diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation , apoptosis , gene regulation , and DNA damage response . PML also acts as a restriction factor that suppresses incoming viral genom... | For productive viral infection , virus needs to overcome successive host defenses including intrinsic defense and innate and acquired immunity . Promyelocytic leukemia protein ( PML ) has been shown to play an important role in intrinsic defense by acting as a nuclear restriction factor that suppresses incoming viral g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Positive Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein in Type I Interferon Response and Its Regulation by Human Cytomegalovirus |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a chronic , indolent necrotizing disease of the skin and underlying tissues caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans , which may result in functional incapacity . In 2002 , Médecins Sans Frontières ( MSF ) opened a BU programme in Akonolinga Hospital , Cameroon , offering antibiotic treatment , surgery a... | As long as there is no strategy to prevent Buruli ulcer , the early detection and treatment of cases remains the most promising control strategy . Buruli ulcer is most common in remote rural areas where people have little contact with health structures . Information on the number of existing cases in the population and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Prevalence of Buruli Ulcer in Akonolinga Health District, Cameroon: Results of a Cross Sectional Survey |
In sub-Saharan Africa , bovine tuberculosis ( bTB ) is a potential hazard for animals and humans health . The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of bTB epidemiology in Burkina Faso and especially Mycobacterium bovis transmission within and between the bovine and human populations . Twenty six M . bovis... | Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis in livestock and wild animals . Humans can acquire this germ by aerogenous route when in close contact with infected animals , or by consuming unpasteurized dairy products from infected animals and also through the skin when handling infected ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Mycobacterium bovis in Burkina Faso: Epidemiologic and Genetic Links between Human and Cattle Isolates |
The available Leptospira multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) scheme supported by a MLST website is limited to L . interrogans and L . kirschneri . Our aim was to broaden the utility of this scheme to incorporate a total of seven pathogenic species . We modified the existing scheme by replacing one of the seven MLST loc... | Leptospirosis is a common zoonotic disease worldwide . Genotyping of the causative organisms provides important insights into disease transmission and informs preventive strategies and vaccine development . Multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) is the most widespread genotyping methodology for bacterial pathogens , but t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | A Single Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Scheme for Seven Pathogenic Leptospira Species |
The Vpu accessory protein promotes HIV-1 release by counteracting Tetherin/BST-2 , an interferon-regulated restriction factor , which retains virions at the cell-surface . Recent reports proposed β-TrCP-dependent proteasomal and/or endo-lysosomal degradation of Tetherin as potential mechanisms by which Vpu could down-r... | Restriction factors are cellular proteins that interfere with the multiplication and transmission of viruses and are therefore important components of natural immunity . Tetherin ( also known as BST-2 ) is a recently identified restriction factor that traps viruses at the cell-surface , preventing their release and thu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"virology/effects",
"of",
"virus",
"infection",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"ex... | 2010 | Antagonism of Tetherin Restriction of HIV-1 Release by Vpu Involves Binding and Sequestration of the Restriction Factor in a Perinuclear Compartment |
The cerebellum has long been considered to undergo supervised learning , with climbing fibers acting as a ‘teaching’ or ‘error’ signal . Purkinje cells ( PCs ) , the sole output of the cerebellar cortex , have been considered as analogs of perceptrons storing input/output associations . In support of this hypothesis , ... | The cerebellum is one of the main brain structures involved in motor learning . Classical theories of cerebellar function assign a crucial role to Purkinje cells ( PCs ) , that are assumed to perform as simple perceptrons . In these theories , PCs should learn to provide an appropriate motor output , given a particular... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"neural",
"networks",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"single",
"neuron",
"function",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory"
] | 2012 | Storage of Correlated Patterns in Standard and Bistable Purkinje Cell Models |
It was recently shown that a large portion of the human transcriptome can originate from within repetitive elements , leading to ectopic expression of protein-coding genes . However the mechanism of transcriptional activation of repetitive elements has not been definitively elucidated . For the first time , we directly... | A surprisingly large portion of our transcriptome originates within repetitive elements , most commonly LINE-1s . However , the mechanism of activation has not been definitively shown . We directly demonstrate for the first time the causal relationship between DNA hypomethylation and transcriptional activation of LINE-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"oncology/bladder",
"cancer",
"and",
"urothelial",
"neoplasias",
"of",
"the",
"urinary",
"tract",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"methylation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"mol... | 2010 | Hypomethylation of a LINE-1 Promoter Activates an Alternate Transcript of the MET Oncogene in Bladders with Cancer |
Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy is a frontline treatment for atrial fibrillation ( AF ) , but its success rates are highly variable . This is due to incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of action of specific drugs on the atrial substrate at different stages of AF progression . We aimed to elucidate the role of cellu... | The mechanisms behind the most common arrhythmia , atrial fibrillation ( AF ) , remain unclear and anti-arrhythmic drug therapy is often ineffective . In this paper , we develop and apply a novel comprehensive 3D model of canine atria to investigate the role of atrial heterogeneity in the mechanisms of AF and anti-arrh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"membrane",
"potential",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"anisotropy",
"neuroscience",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"pharmaceuti... | 2016 | Atrial Heterogeneity Generates Re-entrant Substrate during Atrial Fibrillation and Anti-arrhythmic Drug Action: Mechanistic Insights from Canine Atrial Models |
Inadequate nutrition; neglected topical diseases; and insufficient water , sanitation , and hygiene ( WASH ) are interrelated problems in schools in low-income countries , but are not routinely tackled together . A recent three-year longitudinal study investigated integrated school health and nutrition approaches in 30... | It is thought that inadequate sanitation may exacerbate hookworm transmission , and that hookworm infection may give rise to health problems including anemia , stunting , and wasting . Integrating monitoring of , and interventions against , these problems may yield significant cost savings . Such integrated interventio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"education",
"helminths",
"sociology",
"hookworms",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"anemia",
"health",
"care",
"age",
"groups",
"sanitation",
"families",
... | 2017 | Sanitation, hookworm, anemia, stunting, and wasting in primary school children in southern Ethiopia: Baseline results from a study in 30 schools |
While previous studies have shown that human behavior adjusts in response to uncertainty , it is still not well understood how uncertainty is estimated and represented . As probability distributions are high dimensional objects , only constrained families of distributions with a low number of parameters can be specifie... | Are three heavy tropical storms this year compelling evidence for climate change ? A suspicious clustering of events may reflect a real change of the environment or might be due to random fluctuations because our world is uncertain . To generalize well , we should build a probability distribution over our observations ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"learning",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"kernel",
"functions",
"algorithms",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"research",
"and",
"anal... | 2018 | Instance-based generalization for human judgments about uncertainty |
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) , a mechanism important for embryonic development , plays a critical role during malignant transformation . While much is known about transcriptional regulation of EMT , alternative splicing of several genes has also been correlated with EMT progression , but the extent of spli... | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) is the process by which cancer cells lose their epithelial characteristics and obtain a mesenchymal phenotype that is thought to allow them to migrate away from the primary tumor . A better understanding of how EMT is controlled would be valuable in predicting the likelihood... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"detection",
"and",
"diagnosis",
"medicine",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"oncology",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"gene",
"expression",
"cancer",
"screening",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"rna",
"processing",
"early",
"detection",
"genomics",
"molecular",
... | 2011 | An EMT–Driven Alternative Splicing Program Occurs in Human Breast Cancer and Modulates Cellular Phenotype |
Iron is essential for the proliferation of fungal pathogens during infection . The availability of iron is limited due to its association with host proteins . Fungal pathogens have evolved different mechanisms to acquire iron from host; however , little is known regarding how Paracoccidioides species incorporate and me... | Fungal infections contribute substantially to human morbidity and mortality . During infectious processes , fungi have evolved mechanisms to obtain iron from high-affinity iron-binding proteins . In the current study , we demonstrated that hemoglobin is the preferential host iron source for the thermodimorphic fungus P... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"mycology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
... | 2014 | Hemoglobin Uptake by Paracoccidioides spp. Is Receptor-Mediated |
Infection with West Nile virus ( WNV ) leads to a range of disease outcomes , including chronic infection , though lack of a robust mouse model of chronic WNV infection has precluded identification of the immune events contributing to persistent infection . Using the Collaborative Cross , a population of recombinant in... | Much experimental work has been directed at understanding the host immune response to flavivirus infections such as West Nile virus ( WNV ) using mouse models of infection . While valuable information has certainly been secured using these methods , a limitation to studies with traditional inbred mouse models is that t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"animal",
"models",... | 2016 | A Mouse Model of Chronic West Nile Virus Disease |
Cross-border disease transmission is a key challenge for prevention and control of outbreaks . Variation in surveillance structure and national guidelines used in different countries can affect their data quality and the timeliness of outbreak reports . This study aimed to evaluate timeliness and data quality of nation... | The rapid growth in cross-border trade and transportation networks has led to massive population movements across borders , which increase the risk of disease spread across countries . A regional surveillance network , where disease outbreak data of each member country are shared through the network , plays an importan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"pulmonology",
"pertussis",
"viruses",
"diarrhea",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"rabies",... | 2018 | Data quality and timeliness of outbreak reporting system among countries in Greater Mekong subregion: Challenges for international data sharing |
The diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis ( S . stercoralis ) infection is hampered by the suboptimal sensitivity of fecal-based tests . Serological methods are believed to be more sensitive , although assessing their accuracy is difficult because of the lack of sensitivity of a fecal-based reference ( “gold” ) standa... | The diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection is usually made by finding larvae of the parasite in the feces . The larval output is orders of magnitude lower than , say , the egg output of Ancylostoma duodenale , therefore the sensitivity of conventional techniques is poor . Sensitivity is enhanced by specific t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Diagnostic Accuracy of Five Serologic Tests for Strongyloides stercoralis Infection |
Emerging RNA-based approaches to disease detection and gene therapy require RNA sequences that fold into specific base-pairing patterns , but computational algorithms generally remain inadequate for these secondary structure design tasks . The Eterna project has crowdsourced RNA design to human video game players in th... | The design of RNA sequences that fold into target structures is a computationally difficult task whose importance continues to grow with the advent of RNA-based therapeutics and diagnostics . This paper reports a new approach stemming from the Eterna massive open laboratory , a project that crowdsources RNA design to >... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"recreation",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"rna",
"sequences",
"neural",
"networks",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"thermodynamics",
"researc... | 2019 | EternaBrain: Automated RNA design through move sets and strategies from an Internet-scale RNA videogame |
Human sleeping quarters ( domiciles ) and chicken coops are key source habitats of Triatoma infestans—the principal vector of the infection that causes Chagas disease—in rural communities in northern Argentina . Here we investigated the links among individual bug bloodmeal contents ( BMC , mg ) , female fecundity , bod... | The few bug species of Triatominae that have become domesticated are the most important vectors of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection , which causes Chagas disease . Evolutionary theory predicts that the fitness of hematophagous species closely adapted to human habitations should increase with feeding on human hosts and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"ruminants",
"domestic",
"animals",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"population",
"biology",
"zoology",
"triatoma",
"fecundity",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"... | 2017 | Body size and hosts of Triatoma infestans populations affect the size of bloodmeal contents and female fecundity in rural northwestern Argentina |
The depth of a cell of a multicellular organism is the number of cell divisions it underwent since the zygote , and knowing this basic cell property would help address fundamental problems in several areas of biology . At present , the depths of the vast majority of human and mouse cell types are unknown . Here , we sh... | All the cells in our body are descendants of a single cell – the fertilized egg . Some cells are relatively close descendants , having undergone a small number of cell divisions , while other cells may be hundreds or even thousands of divisions deep . So far , science was unable to provide even gross estimates for the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"developmental",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2008 | Estimating Cell Depth from Somatic Mutations |
Here we engineered transgenic Leishmania infantum that express luciferase , the objectives being to more easily monitor in real time their establishment either in BALB/c mice—the liver and spleen being mainly studied—or in vitro . Whatever stationary phase L . infantum promastigotes population—wild type or engineered t... | Leishmania infantum/L . chagasi parasites are inoculated in the skin of mammals by sand flies . Though most often these L . infantum-mammal interactions are asymptomatic , they can proceed , in some individuals , to a systemic disease known as visceral leishmaniasis . If left untreated this disease is fatal . The lack ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"quantitative",
"parasitology",
"parasitology"
] | 2011 | Luciferase-Expressing Leishmania infantum Allows the Monitoring of Amastigote Population Size, In Vivo, Ex Vivo and In Vitro |
Inferring the role of interactions in territorial animals relies upon accurate recordings of the behaviour of neighbouring individuals . Such accurate recordings are rarely available from field studies . As a result , quantification of the interaction mechanisms has often relied upon theoretical approaches , which hith... | How animals succeed in sharing and occupying space in an efficient way has always fascinated biologists . When occupying space involves marking and defending a given area , the animal is said to be territorial . By scent marking the locations that an animal visits , it conveys to a potential intruder that the area is c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"spatial",
"and",
"landscape",
"ecology",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"ecology",
"interdisciplinary",
"physics",
"theoretical",
"ecology",
"biology",
"population",
"ecology"
] | 2011 | Animal Interactions and the Emergence of Territoriality |
To support their replication , viruses take advantage of numerous cellular factors and processes . Recent large-scale screens have identified hundreds of such factors , yet little is known about how viruses exploit any of these . Influenza virus infection post-translationally activates P58IPK , a cellular inhibitor of ... | Respiratory illness caused by influenza virus is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States , and there is considerable interest in determining how the virus and host interact during infection and how the virus causes disease . Because influenza virus encodes only eight genes , it is dependent upon cellula... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"pathology/histopathology",
"m... | 2009 | P58IPK: A Novel “CIHD” Member of the Host Innate Defense Response against Pathogenic Virus Infection |
Stomata play an important role in plant innate immunity by limiting pathogen entry into leaves but molecular mechanisms regulating stomatal closure upon pathogen perception are not well understood . Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana L-type lectin receptor kinase-V . 5 ( LecRK-V . 5 ) negatively regulates stoma... | During their lifetime , plants face numerous pathogenic microbes . Plants recognize microbial pathogens via plant receptors and recognition leads to the activation of a general defense response . Some foliar pathogens such as bacteria enter plant leaves through natural surface openings such as stomata . To restrict bac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | The Arabidopsis Lectin Receptor Kinase LecRK-V.5 Represses Stomatal Immunity Induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 |
A key hypothesis in sensory system neuroscience is that sensory representations are adapted to the statistical regularities in sensory signals and thereby incorporate knowledge about the outside world . Supporting this hypothesis , several probabilistic models of local natural image regularities have been proposed that... | Several aspects of primate visual physiology have been identified as adaptations to local regularities of natural images . However , much less work has measured visual sensitivity to local natural image regularities . Most previous work focuses on global perception of large images and shows that observers are more sens... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"visual",
"system",
"psychology",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"psychophysics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"sensory",
"perception",
"coding",
"mechanisms"
] | 2013 | How Sensitive Is the Human Visual System to the Local Statistics of Natural Images? |
Combination therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin ( TGC ) and a tetracycline analogue is recommended for Vibrio vulnificus infection . The combination of a TGC and ciprofloxacin has synergistic in vitro bactericidal activity against V . vulnificus . No clinical study has compared the standard regimen with TGC p... | The combination of a third-generation cephalosporin ( TGC ) and ciprofloxacin has synergy in vitro bactericidal activity against V . vulnificus . No clinical study has compared the standard regimen with TGC plus ciprofloxacin therapy for V . vulnificus infection . A total of 218 patients were enrolled who are confirmed... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"antimicrobials",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"vibrio",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"antimalarials",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"sepsis",
"... | 2019 | Outcomes of Third-Generation Cephalosporin Plus Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline Therapy in Patients with Vibrio vulnificus Septicemia: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis |
Tungiasis , an ectoparasitosis caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans , is an important health problem in many impoverished communities in the tropics . Sand flea disease is associated with a broad spectrum of clinical pathology and severe sequels are frequent . Treatment options are limited . We assessed the e... | Tungiasis is a parasitic skin disease caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans . The disease is frequent in resource-poor communities in South America and sub-Saharan Africa and affects the poorest of the poor . Sand flea disease is associated with a considerable morbidity and may lead to tetanus in non-vaccinate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"dermatology/skin",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Control of Tungiasis through Intermittent Application of a Plant-Based Repellent: An Intervention Study in a Resource-Poor Community in Brazil |
A major barrier to the elimination of HIV-1 infection is the presence of a pool of long-lived , latently infected CD4+ memory T-cells . The search for treatments to re-activate latent HIV to aid in clearance is hindered by the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that lead to transcriptional silencing of viral ge... | Since it was first discovered in the early 1980s , Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 ( HIV-1 ) , the causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) , has been the focus of intense research . In untreated individuals , the number of CD4+ T-cells in the blood slowly drops over time and the patient eventually... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"immune",
"cells",
"virology",
"gene",
"expression",
"t",
"cells",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"dna",
"transcription"
] | 2014 | Activation of HIV-1 from Latent Infection via Synergy of RUNX1 Inhibitor Ro5-3335 and SAHA |
Grouping genes by similarity of expression across multiple cellular conditions enables the identification of cellular modules . The known functions of genes enable the characterization of the aggregate biological functions of these modules . In this paper , we use a high-throughput approach to identify the effective mu... | In a eukaryotic organism such as the mouse , the complete transcriptional network contains ∼15 , 000 genes and up to 225 million regulatory relationships between pairs of genes . Determining all of these relationships is currently intractable using traditional experimental techniques , and , thus , a comprehensive desc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"cell",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Empirical Multiscale Networks of Cellular Regulation |
Measles is a highly infectious , severe viral disease . The disease is targeted for global eradication; however , this result has proven challenging . In China , where countrywide vaccination coverage for the last decade has been above 95% ( the threshold for measles elimination ) , measles continues to cause large epi... | Despite high vaccine coverage , measles continues to cause large epidemics in China , a country currently supporting 18% of the world's population . To improve understanding of this phenomenon , here we develop a comprehensive model-inference system; using this system , we are able to simulate measles epidemic dynamics... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"china",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"age",
"groups",
"viruses... | 2019 | Characteristics of measles epidemics in China (1951-2004) and implications for elimination: A case study of three key locations |
CENP-F is a large , microtubule-binding protein that regulates multiple cellular processes including chromosome segregation and mitochondrial trafficking at cytokinesis . This multiplicity of functions is mediated through the binding of various partners , like Bub1 at the kinetochore and Miro at mitochondria . Due to t... | CENP-F is a poorly characterized multifunctional regulator of metazoan cell division involved in chromosome segregation and mitochondrial dynamics . The physiological importance of CENP-F in both of these processes is not firmly established and numerous conflicting reports exist regarding its function in mitosis . Here... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"cloning",
"prenylation",
"fibroblasts",
"animal",
"models",
"mutation",
"farnesylation",
"model",
"organisms",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"experimental",
"... | 2019 | Miro-dependent mitochondrial pool of CENP-F and its farnesylated C-terminal domain are dispensable for normal development in mice |
Although viruses have been implicated in central nervous system ( CNS ) diseases of unknown etiology , including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , the reproducible identification of viral triggers in such diseases has been largely unsuccessful . Here , we explore the hypothesis that viruses need no... | There are many CNS diseases , including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , which have an inflammatory component , though no direct link has been established between incidence and a CNS-resident infectious agent . We reasoned that peripheral immunogens could play a role in CNS disease by inducing an ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immune",
"cells",
"immunologic",
"subspecialties",
"viral",
"classification",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"rna",
"viruses",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"t",
"cells",
"biology",
"pathogenesis",
"immune",
"response",
"immunopathology",
"virology",
"co-infectio... | 2011 | CNS Recruitment of CD8+ T Lymphocytes Specific for a Peripheral Virus Infection Triggers Neuropathogenesis during Polymicrobial Challenge |
The crypts of the intestinal epithelium house the stem cells that ensure the continual renewal of the epithelial cells that line the intestinal tract . Crypt number increases by a process called crypt fission , the division of a single crypt into two daughter crypts . Fission drives normal tissue growth and maintenance... | The intestinal tract undergoes many changes during development , and after birth it has to significantly elongate and widen in order to increase the surface area for absorption . Crypt fission is a key process in intestinal tissue expansion and is also involved in adenoma growth . Despite the importance of crypt fissio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"paneth",
"cells",
"small",
"intestine",
"organoids",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"biological",
"cultures",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"integrins",
"stem",
"cells",
"damage",
"mechanics",
"organ",
"cultures",
"cellular",
"structures",
... | 2016 | Paneth Cell-Rich Regions Separated by a Cluster of Lgr5+ Cells Initiate Crypt Fission in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche |
Changes in developmental gene regulatory networks enable evolved changes in morphology . These changes can be in cis regulatory elements that act in an allele-specific manner , or changes to the overall trans regulatory environment that interacts with cis regulatory sequences . Here we address several questions about t... | Convergent evolution , where a similar trait evolves in different lineages , provides an opportunity to study the repeatability of evolution . Convergent morphological evolution has been well studied at multiple evolutionary time scales ranging from ancient , to recent , such as the gain in tooth number in freshwater s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"vertebrates",
"marine",
"biology",
"animals",
"marine",
"fish",
"osteichthyes",
"aquatic",
"environments",
"fresh",
"water",
"convergent",
"evolution",... | 2018 | Convergent evolution of gene expression in two high-toothed stickleback populations |
The Entamoeba histolytica transcription factor Upstream Regulatory Element 3-Binding Protein ( URE3-BP ) is a calcium-responsive regulator of two E . histolytica virulence genes , hgl5 and fdx1 . URE3-BP was previously identified by a yeast one-hybrid screen of E . histolytica proteins capable of binding to the sequenc... | Most infections with Entamoeba histolytica are asymptomatic . However , in a minority of cases , they develop into invasive and even life-threatening amebiasis . We suspect , based on prior studies of invasive amebae , that changes in amebic gene expression enable the transition from asymptomatic to invasive infection ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"initiation",
"and",
"activation",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"biochemistry/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"tr... | 2008 | Targets of the Entamoeba histolytica Transcription Factor URE3-BP |
Loiasis is a major obstacle to ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis control and lymphatic filariasis elimination in central Africa . In communities with a high level of loiasis endemicity , there is a significant risk of severe adverse reactions to ivermectin treatment . Information on the geographic distribution of... | Loiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with the filarial parasite Loa loa , transmitted by Chrysops vectors . Loiasis has recently emerged as a disease of public health importance when neurologic serious adverse events ( SAEs ) were reported in individuals with high L . loa microfilaraemia after iv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"disease",
"mapping",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"survey",
"methods",
"epidemiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"disease",
"informatics"
] | 2011 | The Geographic Distribution of Loa loa in Africa: Results of Large-Scale Implementation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA) |
Although two related species may have extremely similar phenotypes , the genetic networks underpinning this conserved biology may have diverged substantially since they last shared a common ancestor . This is termed Developmental System Drift ( DSD ) and reflects the plasticity of genetic networks . One consequence of ... | Although two related species may appear similar , the genetic pathways that underpin this shared biology may have drifted and changed . This phenomenon is known as Developmental System Drift ( DSD ) . One consequence of DSD is that equivalent genes may play different roles in phenotypically similar , related species bu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics"
] | 2014 | Comparative RNAi Screens in C. elegans and C. briggsae Reveal the Impact of Developmental System Drift on Gene Function |
Loss of function of cyclin E1 or E2 , important regulators of the mitotic cell cycle , yields viable mice , but E2-deficient males display reduced fertility . To elucidate the role of E-type cyclins during spermatogenesis , we characterized their expression patterns and produced additional deletions of Ccne1 and Ccne2 ... | Understanding the control of meiosis is fundamental to deciphering the origin of male infertility . Although the mechanisms controlling meiosis are poorly understood , key regulators of mitosis , such as cyclins , appear to be critical . In this regard , male mice deficient for cyclin E2 exhibit subfertility and defect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"cellular",
"structures",
"animal",
"genetics",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"gene",
"function",
"germ",
"cells",
"mitosis",
"telomeres",
"developmental",
"biology",
"histology",
"cell",
"division",
"molecular",
"ge... | 2014 | Mammalian E-type Cyclins Control Chromosome Pairing, Telomere Stability and CDK2 Localization in Male Meiosis |
The study presents estimates for the burden of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) and cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis ( CML ) in Brazil and its 27 federated units using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study ( GBD ) 2016 . We report the incidence , years of life lost ( YLL ) , years lived with disability ( Y... | Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by obligatory intracellular parasites of the genus Leishmania and are transmitted to humans through the bite of female sandflies during blood repast . Untreated visceral leishmaniasis can lead to death , while cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms generally do not pose risk of death but ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"kala-azar",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"population",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"p... | 2018 | Burden of leishmaniasis in Brazil and federated units, 1990-2016: Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |
The katanin microtubule-severing proteins are essential regulators of microtubule dynamics in a diverse range of species . Here we have defined critical roles for the poorly characterised katanin protein KATNAL2 in multiple aspects of spermatogenesis: the initiation of sperm tail growth from the basal body , sperm head... | Male infertility affects one in twenty men of reproductive age in western countries . Despite this , the biochemical basis of common defects , including reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm structure and function , remains poorly defined . Microtubules are cellular “scaffolds” that serve critical roles in all cells ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microtubules",
"sperm",
"head",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"germ",
"cells",
"centrioles",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"a... | 2017 | Katanin-like 2 (KATNAL2) functions in multiple aspects of haploid male germ cell development in the mouse |
Ingested Vibrio cholerae pass through the stomach and colonize the small intestines of its host . Here , we show that V . cholerae requires at least two types of DNA repair systems to efficiently compete for colonization of the infant mouse intestine . These results show that V . cholerae experiences increased DNA dama... | Studies on intracellular bacterial pathogens have shown the need for maintaining genomic fidelity to promote colonization . Loss of DNA repair functions often leads to attenuation and rapid clearing of the invading pathogen . However , for some pathogens , an increased mutation rate has been shown to be beneficial for ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal"... | 2011 | DNA Damage and Reactive Nitrogen Species are Barriers to Vibrio cholerae Colonization of the Infant Mouse Intestine |
Transmission of cellular identity relies on the faithful transfer of information from the mother to the daughter cell . This process includes accurate replication of the DNA , but also the correct propagation of regulatory programs responsible for cellular identity . Errors in DNA replication ( mutations ) and protein ... | The transfer of information from cell to cell is crucial for preserving cellular identity . Errors in DNA , RNA or protein synthesis are universal and inevitable . While errors in DNA synthesis can produce heritable mutations that can change the phenotype of the cell , errors in transcription are considered transient w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"escherichia",
"coli",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"model",
"organisms",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"gene",
"networks"
] | 2013 | Heritable Change Caused by Transient Transcription Errors |
Alveolar echinococcosis ( AE ) in humans is a parasitic disease characterized by severe damage to the liver and occasionally other organs . AE is caused by infection with the metacestode ( larval ) stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis , usually infecting small rodents as natural intermediate hosts . Co... | Alveolar echinococcosis is a disease which affects humans and inflicts severe damage to the liver and other organs . It is caused by a parasite whose definitive host is the fox . Despite being a relatively rare disease , an increasing number of new cases has been reported in central and eastern European countries more ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"medicine",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"veterinary",
"parasitology",
"drug",
"research",
"and",
"development",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"dise... | 2013 | Subcutaneous Infection Model Facilitates Treatment Assessment of Secondary Alveolar Echinococcosis in Mice |
Although the number of newly detected leprosy cases has decreased globally , a quarter of a million new cases are detected annually and eradication remains far away . Current options for leprosy prevention are contact tracing and BCG vaccination of infants . Future options may include chemoprophylaxis and early diagnos... | Leprosy is a contagious disease that will remain prevalent , despite the declining number of patients worldwide over the last century . With approximately 250 , 000 new cases detected annually , leprosy is far from being eradicated . Leprosy can be treated with drugs after disease detection . Some cases can be prevente... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunizations",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"leprosy",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling"... | 2011 | The Long Term Effect of Current and New Interventions on the New Case Detection of Leprosy: A Modeling Study |
Minimal information on the genome and proteome of Schistosoma haematobium is available , in marked contrast to the situation with the other major species of human schistosomes for which draft genome sequences have been reported . Accordingly , little is known about functional genomics in S . haematobium , including the... | More people are infected with Schistosoma haematobium than other major human schistosomes yet it has been less studied because of difficulty in maintaining the life cycle in the laboratory . S . haematobium might be considered the ‘neglected schistosome’ since minimal information on the genome and proteome of S . haema... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Genetic Manipulation of Schistosoma haematobium, the Neglected Schistosome |
Influenza viruses are characterized by an ability to cross species boundaries and evade host immunity , sometimes with devastating consequences . The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza A virus highlights the importance of pigs in influenza emergence , particularly as intermediate hosts by which avian viruses adapt to mamm... | The latest human influenza pandemic highlights the ability of influenza viruses to jump species barriers and emerge in new hosts , as well as the role of pigs in generating viruses with pandemic potential . The mutational power of influenza virus , caused by intrinsically error-prone viral polymerases , has been direct... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"emergence",
"virology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"processes"
] | 2012 | Evolution of an Eurasian Avian-like Influenza Virus in Naïve and Vaccinated Pigs |
Centrosomes organize microtubules and are essential for spindle formation and chromosome segregation during cell division . Duplicated centrosomes are physically linked , but how this linkage is dissolved remains unclear . Yeast centrosomes are tethered by a nuclear-envelope-attached structure called the half-bridge , ... | The nucleus , where the eukaryotic chromosomes are stored , is enclosed by a double-membrane structure called the nuclear envelope . Located at the inner nuclear membrane , a class of highly conserved proteins called SUN-domain proteins regulates a range of nuclear activities at the nuclear periphery , including tether... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"meiosis",
"centrosomes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"light",
"microscopy",
"fungi",
"microscopy",
"cell",
"nucleus",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"nuc... | 2017 | Cleavage of the SUN-domain protein Mps3 at its N-terminus regulates centrosome disjunction in budding yeast meiosis |
The top-view , two-dimensional spatial patterning of non-uniform growth in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast colony is considered . Experimental images are processed to obtain data sets that provide spatial information on the cell-area that is occupied by the colony . A method is developed that allows for the analysis o... | In nutrient-depleted environments , it is commonly observed that strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae forage by the mechanisms of filamentous and invasive growth . How do we quantify this spatial patterning of outward growth from a yeast colony ? Previous studies have primarily relied on measuring the amount o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Quantifying Two-Dimensional Filamentous and Invasive Growth Spatial Patterns in Yeast Colonies |
Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent protozoan parasite that can infect any nucleated cell but cannot replicate outside of its host cell . Toxoplasma is auxotrophic for several nutrients including arginine , tryptophan , and purines , which it must acquire from its host cell . The demands of parasite replication rapidly de... | Parasites that live inside a host cell must develop strategies to ensure sufficient delivery of nutrients required for survival and replication . After invasion , Toxoplasma rapidly usurps the supply of its essential amino acid arginine from the host cell . Sensing low levels of arginine , the host cell initiates a nut... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"parasite",
"replication",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"immuno... | 2019 | Regulation of arginine transport by GCN2 eIF2 kinase is important for replication of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii |
Learning from reward feedback in a changing environment requires a high degree of adaptability , yet the precise estimation of reward information demands slow updates . In the framework of estimating reward probability , here we investigated how this tradeoff between adaptability and precision can be mitigated via meta... | Successful learning from our experience and feedback from the environment requires that the reward value assigned to a given option or action to be updated by a precise amount after each feedback . In the standard model for reward-based learning known as reinforcement learning , the learning rates determine the strengt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"signal",
"processing",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"noise",
"reduction",
"simulation",
"and",
"mode... | 2017 | Optimal structure of metaplasticity for adaptive learning |
Influenza viruses ( IVs ) tend to rapidly develop resistance to virus-directed vaccines and common antivirals targeting pathogen determinants , but novel host-directed approaches might preclude resistance development . To identify the most promising cellular targets for a host-directed approach against influenza , we p... | Conventional medications against influenza infections , including vaccination and antiviral drug therapy , are targeted against viral determinants–an approach collectively referred to as pathogen-directed . However , influenza viruses mutate fast and quickly develop resistance to these pathogen-directed treatments . An... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"small",
"molecules",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogen... | 2019 | RNAi-based small molecule repositioning reveals clinically approved urea-based kinase inhibitors as broadly active antivirals |
With the introduction of new interventions to prevent leprosy , such as post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP ) given to contacts of leprosy patients , it is necessary to update our understanding of knowledge and perception of leprosy among the populations where these interventions will be introduced , in order to tailor com... | With the introduction of new interventions to prevent leprosy , such as post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP ) given to contacts of leprosy patients , it is necessary to update our understanding of knowledge and perception of leprosy among the populations where these interventions will be introduced , in order to tailor com... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"disabilities",
"post-exposure",
"prophylaxis",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"health",
"care",
"social",
"systems",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"bact... | 2019 | The role of perceptions and knowledge of leprosy in the elimination of leprosy: A baseline study in Fatehpur district, northern India |
The human APOBEC3G is an innate restriction factor that , in the absence of Vif , restricts HIV-1 replication by inducing excessive deamination of cytidine residues in nascent reverse transcripts and inhibiting reverse transcription and integration . To shed light on impact of A3G-Vif interactions on HIV replication , ... | According to UNAIDS ( The Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS ) and WHO , HIV/AIDS has killed more than 25 million people worldwide since its recognition in 1981 . Recently , APOBEC3G , a member of the APOBEC family , has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of HIV infection . In contrast , a viral protein , called Vif , is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"bioengineering",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"engineering"
] | 2012 | Multi-Scale Modeling of HIV Infection in vitro and APOBEC3G-Based Anti-Retroviral Therapy |
Developments in experimental and computational biology are advancing our understanding of how protein sequence variation impacts molecular protein function . However , the leap from the micro level of molecular function to the macro level of the whole organism , e . g . disease , remains barred . Here , we present new ... | The variations in the genetic sequence between individuals affect the gene-product , i . e . the protein differently . Some variants have no measurable effect ( are neutral ) , while others affect protein function . Some of those effects are so severe they cause so called monogenic Mendelian diseases , i . e . diseases... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"animal",
"models",
"mutation",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"protein",
"sequencing",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"mutation",
"databases",
"res... | 2016 | Predicted Molecular Effects of Sequence Variants Link to System Level of Disease |
Most proteins must remain soluble in the cytosol in order to perform their biological functions . To protect against undesired protein aggregation , living cells maintain a population of molecular chaperones that ensure the solubility of the proteome . Here we report simulations of a lattice model of interacting protei... | The vast majority of living cells express molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation by inhibiting illicit protein–protein interactions . We refer to this class of chaperones as ‘passive molecular chaperones , ’ since they do not require an external energy source in order to function . We use simulations of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"interactions",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"materials",
"science",
"chaperone",
"proteins",
"oligomers",
"thermodynamics",
"materials",
"by",
"structure",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"proteins",
"mathematical",
"and",
"statistical... | 2016 | Oligomers of Heat-Shock Proteins: Structures That Don’t Imply Function |
Bone mineral density ( BMD ) is a strong predictor of osteoporotic fracture . It is also one of the most heritable disease-associated quantitative traits . As a result , there has been considerable effort focused on dissecting its genetic basis . Here , we performed a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) in a panel o... | Osteoporosis is a common , chronic disease characterized by low bone mineral density ( BMD ) that puts millions of Americans at high risk of fracture . Variation in BMD in the general population is , in large part , determined by genetic factors . To identify novel genes influencing BMD , we performed a genome-wide ass... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"gene",
"regulation",
"osteoblast",
"differentiation",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"osteoblasts",
"connective",
"... | 2019 | Mouse genome-wide association and systems genetics identifies Lhfp as a regulator of bone mass |
Several outbreaks of trichinellosis associated with the consumption of raw pork have occurred in Laos since 2004 . This cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces of northern Laos to investigate the seroepidemiology of trichinellosis in the human population and determine the prevalence and species of Trichin... | Trichinellosis is one of the most widely distributed parasitic zoonoses worldwide and is caused by infection with nematodes of the genus Trichinella . Infection occurs after consuming larvae in the muscle of infected animals . Several outbreaks of trichinellosis have occurred in Laos since 2004 , resulting in a substan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"parasitology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"parasitology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"parasitic... | 2014 | Patterns and Risks of Trichinella Infection in Humans and Pigs in Northern Laos |
The cycle inhibiting factors ( Cif ) , produced by pathogenic bacteria isolated from vertebrates and invertebrates , belong to a family of molecules called cyclomodulins that interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle . Cif blocks the cell cycle at both the G1/S and G2/M transitions by inducing the stabilization of cycli... | Among the arsenal of virulence factors used by bacterial pathogens to infect and manipulate their hosts , cyclomodulins are a growing family of bacterial toxins that interfere with the eukaryotic cell-cycle . Cif is one of these cyclomodulins produced by both mammalian and invertebrate pathogenic bacteria . Cif blocks ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"molecular",
"biology",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"infectiou... | 2010 | Pathogenic Bacteria Target NEDD8-Conjugated Cullins to Hijack Host-Cell Signaling Pathways |
Sepsis is a systemic infection that enhances host vulnerability to secondary infections normally controlled by T cells . Using CLP sepsis model , we observed that sepsis induces apoptosis of circulating memory CD8 T-cells ( TCIRCM ) and diminishes their effector functions , leading to impaired CD8 T-cell mediated prote... | Infectious pathogens are generally relegated within barrier tissues; however , when infections enter the bloodstream the host enters a septic state that ( when severe enough ) can lead to widespread tissue damage and death . After resolution of acute stage of sepsis , patients often display enhanced susceptibility to s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ears",
"immunology",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"otology",
"sepsis",
"ear",
"infections",
"skin",
... | 2017 | Polymicrobial sepsis impairs bystander recruitment of effector cells to infected skin despite optimal sensing and alarming function of skin resident memory CD8 T cells |
Blood function defines bleeding and clotting risks and dictates approaches for clinical intervention . Independent of adding exogenous tissue factor ( TF ) , human blood treated in vitro with corn trypsin inhibitor ( CTI , to block Factor XIIa ) will generate thrombin after an initiation time ( Ti ) of 1 to 2 hours ( d... | Clotting of blood involves a series of reactions wherein at each step an inactive zymogen is converted to an active enzyme by the product of the previous step , sometimes in plasma and usually on efficient catalytic surfaces provided by the activating platelet . The protein Tissue Factor ( TF ) initiates this cascade w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology/bioengineering",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/vascular",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Systems Biology of Coagulation Initiation: Kinetics of Thrombin Generation in Resting and Activated Human Blood |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is an arthropod-borne virus ( arbovirus ) that recently caused outbreaks in the Americas . Over the past 60 years , this virus has been observed circulating among African , Asian , and Pacific Island populations , but little attention has been paid by the scientific community until the discovery tha... | The first isolation of Zika virus ( ZIKV ) in mosquitoes was made in 1948 in Aedes africanus . Over the next years , knowledge about ZIKV increased , with detection of the virus in primates , including humans and several other mosquito species . Most of these species were collected in Africa during arbovirus surveillan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viral",
"vectors",
"viruses",
"rev... | 2017 | Zika virus: An updated review of competent or naturally infected mosquitoes |
In eukaryotes , ARGONAUTE proteins ( AGOs ) associate with microRNAs ( miRNAs ) , short interfering RNAs ( siRNAs ) , and other classes of small RNAs to regulate target RNA or target loci . Viral infection in plants induces a potent and highly specific antiviral RNA silencing response characterized by the formation of ... | RNA silencing is a primary , adaptive defense system against viruses in plants . Viruses have evolved counter-defensive mechanisms that inhibit RNA silencing through the activity of silencing suppressor proteins . Understanding how antiviral silencing is controlled , and how suppressor proteins function , is essential ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Roles and Programming of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE Proteins during Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection |
The unfolded protein response ( UPR ) signaling network encompasses two pathways in plants , one mediated by inositol-requiring protein-1 ( IRE1 ) -bZIP60 mRNA and the other by site-1/site-2 proteases ( S1P/S2P ) -bZIP17/bZIP28 . As the major sensor of UPR in eukaryotes , IRE1 , in response to endoplasmic reticulum ( E... | The unfolded protein response ( UPR ) is crucial to life as it regulates gene expression in response to stress in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) . There are two functionally overlapping UPR branches in plants , e . g . , IRE1-bZIP60 and S1P/S2P-bZIP17/bZIP28 , but only one , IRE1p-HAC1 , in yeast . Despite recent sig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The UPR Branch IRE1-bZIP60 in Plants Plays an Essential Role in Viral Infection and Is Complementary to the Only UPR Pathway in Yeast |
The synaptonemal complex ( SC ) , a tripartite proteinaceous structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis , is crucial for faithful chromosome segregation . Here we identify CRA-1 , a novel and conserved protein that is required for the assembly of the central region of the SC during C . elegans m... | Accurate meiotic chromosome segregation relies on homologous chromosome pairing , synapsis , and recombination . Although formation of the “zipper-like” structure known as the synaptonemal complex ( SC ) is critical for homologous chromosome synapsis in most sexually reproducing organisms , regulation of SC formation i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",... | 2008 | CRA-1 Uncovers a Double-Strand Break-Dependent Pathway Promoting the Assembly of Central Region Proteins on Chromosome Axes During C. elegans Meiosis |
Preplacodal ectoderm arises near the end of gastrulation as a narrow band of cells surrounding the anterior neural plate . This domain later resolves into discrete cranial placodes that , together with neural crest , produce paired sensory structures of the head . Unlike the better-characterized neural crest , little i... | Cranial placodes , which produce sensory structures in the head , arise from a contiguous band of preplacodal ectoderm surrounding the anterior neural plate during gastrulation . Little is known about early regulation of preplacodal ectoderm , but modulation of signaling through Bone Morphogenetic Protein ( Bmp ) is cl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/embryology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"functi... | 2010 | Identification of Early Requirements for Preplacodal Ectoderm and Sensory Organ Development |
Mechanisms generating diverse cell types from multipotent progenitors are crucial for normal development . Neural crest cells ( NCCs ) are multipotent stem cells that give rise to numerous cell-types , including pigment cells . Medaka has four types of NCC-derived pigment cells ( xanthophores , leucophores , melanophor... | How individual cell fates are specified from multipotent progenitor cells is a fundamental question in developmental and stem cell biology . Accumulating evidence indicates that stem cells develop into each of their final , diverse cell-types after progression through one or more partially-restricted intermediates , bu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"embryology",
"stem",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"types",
"cell",
"fate",
"determination"
] | 2014 | Sox5 Functions as a Fate Switch in Medaka Pigment Cell Development |
Packaging of eukaryotic genomes into chromatin has wide-ranging effects on gene transcription . Curiously , it is commonly observed that deletion of a global chromatin regulator affects expression of only a limited subset of genes bound to or modified by the regulator in question . However , in many single-gene studies... | Chromatin packaging of eukaryotic genomes has wideranging , yet poorly understood , effects on gene regulation . Curiously , many histone modifications occur on the majority of genes , yet their loss typically affects a small subset of those genes . Here , we examine gene expression defects in 200 chromatin-related mut... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"functional",
"genomics",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Systematic Dissection of Roles for Chromatin Regulators in a Yeast Stress Response |
Previously we demonstrated the micro- and macrofilaricidal properties of imatinib in vitro . Here we use electron and multiphoton microscopy to define the target of imatinib in the adult and microfilarial stages of Brugia malayi and assess the effects of pharmacologically relevant levels of imatinib on the adult parasi... | While Loa loa , or the “African eye worm” , does not commonly cause clinical disease , infection with high blood levels of microfilariae from this helminth infection is problematic in those who receive mass drug administration ( MDA ) in the eradication efforts of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis . Ivermectin , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"skin",
"invertebrates",
"uterus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"integumentary",
"system",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"brugia",
"microscopy",
"hypodermis",
"embryos",
"digestive",
"system",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
... | 2017 | Defining the target and the effect of imatinib on the filarial c-Abl homologue |
Wound healing is an essential homeostatic mechanism that maintains the epithelial barrier integrity after tissue damage . Although we know the overall steps in wound healing , many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear . Genetically amenable systems , such as wound healing in Drosophila imaginal discs ,... | Two major challenges in our understanding of epithelial repair and regeneration is the identification of the signals triggered after injury and the characterization of mechanisms initiated during tissue repair . From a clinical perspective , a key question that remains unanswered is “Why do some wounds fail to heal ? ”... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Identification and Functional Analysis of Healing Regulators in Drosophila |
DNA methylation in plants is traditionally partitioned into CG , CHG and CHH contexts ( with H any nucleotide but G ) . By investigating DNA methylation patterns in trinucleotide contexts in four angiosperm species , we show that such a representation hides spatial and functional partitioning of different methylation p... | Dense cytosine DNA methylation ( mC ) in eukaryotes is associated with closed chromatin and gene silencing . In plants it is well known that the sequence context of the mC ( either mCG , mCHG or mCHH ) provides a clue as to which of several mechanisms is involved but now , based on detailed analyses of the DNA methylom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"brassica",
"cereal",
"crops",
"model",
"organisms",
"methylation",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"crops",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"plants",
"dna",
"methylation",
"chromatin",
"arabidopsis",
"thaliana",
"research",
"and",
"analysi... | 2016 | DNA Methylation Signatures of the Plant Chromomethyltransferases |
CD4 T cell deficiency or defective IFNγ signaling render humans and mice highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection . The prevailing model is that Th1 CD4 T cells produce IFNγ to activate bactericidal effector mechanisms of infected macrophages . Here we test this model by directly interrogating... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) is an inhaled pathogen that primarily infects the lungs and causes the disease , tuberculosis . Recent WHO statistics show that more than 2 billion people are infected with Mtb , of these over 1 million people die every year . Researchers over the last several decades have tried to de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immune",
"cells",
"tuberculosis",
"t",
"cells",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2011 | A Gamma Interferon Independent Mechanism of CD4 T Cell Mediated
Control of M. tuberculosis Infection in
vivo |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.