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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
To identify novel susceptibility loci for Crohn disease ( CD ) , we undertook a genome-wide association study with more than 300 , 000 SNPs characterized in 547 patients and 928 controls . We found three chromosome regions that provided evidence of disease association with p-values between 10−6 and 10−9 . Two of these ...	Individual susceptibility to many common diseases is determined by a combination of environmental and genetic factors . Identifying these genetic risk factors is one of the most important objectives of modern medical genetics , as it paves the way towards personalized medicine and drug target identification . Recent ad...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "homo", "(human)", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2007	Novel Crohn Disease Locus Identified by Genome-Wide Association Maps to a Gene Desert on 5p13.1 and Modulates Expression of PTGER4
Aedes aegypti , the principal vector of dengue fever , have been genetically engineered for use in a sterile insect control programme . To improve our understanding of the dispersal ecology of mosquitoes and to inform appropriate release strategies of ‘genetically sterile’ male Aedes aegypti detailed knowledge of the d...	Vector control using releases of sterile insects is a well-known approach . ‘Genetically sterile’ male Aedes aegypti have been developed and released in a modern realisation of the sterile insect technique . Released engineered males seek out and mate with wild females , with the resultant offspring dying before they r...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Dispersal of Engineered Male Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Mitotic and cytokinetic processes harness cell machinery to drive chromosomal segregation and the physical separation of dividing cells . Here , we investigate the functional requirements for exocyst complex function during cell division in vivo , and demonstrate a common mechanism that directs anaphase cell elongation...	The cell shape changes that underlie cell division are some of the most fundamental changes in cell morphology . Here , we show that a common membrane trafficking pathway is required for both the cell lengthening that occurs during anaphase , and the physical separation of a cell into two equal daughter cells . We meas...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Exocyst-Dependent Membrane Addition Is Required for Anaphase Cell Elongation and Cytokinesis in Drosophila
African trypanosomes cause disease in humans and livestock , generating significant health and welfare problems throughout sub-Saharan Africa . When ingested in a tsetse fly bloodmeal , trypanosomes must detect their new environment and initiate the developmental responses that ensure transmission . The best-establishe...	African trypanosomes are important pathogens transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa . Upon transmission , trypanosomes detect citrate and cis-aconitate in the bloodmeal , this inactivating a negative regulator of differentiation , the tyrosine phosphatase TbPTP1 . One TbPTP1 substrate is another phosphatase ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Independent Pathways Can Transduce the Life-Cycle Differentiation Signal in Trypanosoma brucei
Insect transmission is obligatory for persistently transmitted viruses because the vector insect is the only means of virus spread in nature . The insect midgut is the first major barrier limiting virus acquisition , but the mechanisms by which viruses are able to cross the cell membrane and then infect the midgut epit...	Sap/blood-feeding arthropods are major vectors of viruses that infect plants and vertebrates . Studies on the insect midgut , the first barrier for virus transmission , and its interactions with viruses and parasites are fundamental to understanding the transmission mechanism in vector insects and the epidemics caused ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "rna", "extraction", "microbiology", "light", "microscopy", "animals", "epithelial", "cells", "viral", "vectors", "rice", "confocal", "laser", "microscopy", "microscop...	2018	Invasion of midgut epithelial cells by a persistently transmitted virus is mediated by sugar transporter 6 in its insect vector
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara ( MVA ) is an attenuated double-stranded DNA poxvirus currently developed as a vaccine vector against HIV/AIDS . Profiling of the innate immune responses induced by MVA is essential for the design of vaccine vectors and for anticipating potential adverse interactions between naturally acq...	Modified vaccinia virus Ankara ( MVA ) is a highly attenuated , replication-deficient , poxvirus currently developed as a vaccine vector against a broad spectrum of infectious diseases including HIV , tuberculosis and malaria . It is well known that robust activation of innate immunity is essential to achieve an effici...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "virology/vaccines", "immunology/immune", "response", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "infectious", "diseases/hiv", "infection", "and", "aids", "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "immunology", "virology/immune", "evasion", "virology/effects",...	2009	Innate Immune Sensing of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) Is Mediated by TLR2-TLR6, MDA-5 and the NALP3 Inflammasome
The continual rise of asthma in industrialised countries stands in strong contrast to the situation in developing lands . According to the modified Hygiene Hypothesis , helminths play a major role in suppressing bystander immune responses to allergens , and both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that the...	Infections with schistosomes , such as S . mansoni , S . japonicum and S . haematobium , are considered a major public health concern . Morbidity arises through granulomatous responses to eggs that become trapped in infected tissues . Interestingly , schistosomes belong to the group of helminths that have been shown to...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "schistosomiasis", "immune", "cells", "t", "cells", "allergy", "and", "hypersensitivity", "immunology", "biology", "parasitic", "diseases", "immunomodulation" ]	2013	Schistosoma mansoni-Mediated Suppression of Allergic Airway Inflammation Requires Patency and Foxp3+ Treg Cells
Melioidosis , a fatal infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei , is increasingly diagnosed in tropical regions . However , data on risk factors and the geographic epidemiology of the disease are still limited . Previous studies have also largely been based on the analysis of case series data . Here , we u...	Although the public health significance of melioidosis as a particularly highly fatal emerging infectious disease threat in the tropics is being recognized , data on the risk factors and the geographic distribution of the disease is still limited . Previous studies have also largely been based on the investigation of c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "melioidosis", "geographical", "locations", "diabetes", "mellitus", "bacterial", "diseases", "endocrine", "disorders", "medical", "risk", "factors", "infectious", "disease", "control", "infectious", "diseases", "epidemiology", "end...	2019	Socio-epidemiological and land cover risk factors for melioidosis in Kedah, Northern Malaysia
Extensive apoptosis is often seen in patterning mutants , suggesting that tissues can detect and eliminate potentially harmful mis-specified cells . Here , we show that the pattern of apoptosis in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila is not a response to fate mis-specification but can instead be explained by the limit...	In many tissues , defective cells are eliminated by a process called apoptosis . This process prevents the emergence of rogue cells , which could be detrimental to normal physiology . Apoptosis is particularly apparent in developing embryos that lack appropriate positional information , and it has been suggested that i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "skin", "cell", "death", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "integumentary", "system", "morphogenic", "segmentation", "cell", "processes", "egfr", "signaling", "green", "fluorescent", "protein", "animals", "endocrine", "physiology", "animal", "mod...	2018	EGFR signaling coordinates patterning with cell survival during Drosophila epidermal development
French Guiana is a territory that has a decades-long history of dengue outbreaks and more recently , in 2014 , a chikungunya outbreak . Zika virus ( ZIKV ) emerged in late 2015 and subsequently led to an important outbreak . A cross-sectional phone survey was conducted among the general population during the outbreak i...	Although dengue fever has been a focus of many awareness campaigns in Latin America , very little information is available about beliefs , attitudes and behaviors regarding vector-borne diseases among the population of French Guiana . Following the end of the first chikungunya outbreak and at the initial onset of the f...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "zika", "fever", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "chikungunya", "infection", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "pathogens", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "animals", "viruses", "rna", ...	2018	Emerging trends of Zika apprehension in an epidemic setting
The rate at which a cytotoxic T lymphocyte ( CTL ) can survey for infected cells is a key ingredient of models of vertebrate immune responses to intracellular pathogens . Estimates have been obtained using in vivo cytotoxicity assays in which peptide-pulsed splenocytes are killed by CTL in the spleens of immunised mice...	Measurements of the rates at which a single cytotoxic T lymphocyte ( CTL ) can survey for infected cells , and kill them upon encounter , are important for constructing predictive models of vertebrate immune responses to intracellular pathogens . The surveillance rate has been estimated previously using combinations of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "disease", "immunology", "theoretical", "biology", "clinical", "immunology", "population", "modeling", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "immunology", "computational", "biology", "immune", "response" ]	2014	Spatial Heterogeneity and Peptide Availability Determine CTL Killing Efficiency In Vivo
Chromosome segregation errors in human oocytes are the leading cause of birth defects , and the risk of aneuploid pregnancy increases dramatically as women age . Accurate segregation demands that sister chromatid cohesion remain intact for decades in human oocytes , and gradual loss of the original cohesive linkages es...	Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that gives rise to sperm and eggs . In a woman's thirties , errors in meiotic chromosome segregation rise exponentially , significantly increasing the probability that she will conceive a fetus with Down Syndrome ( Trisomy 21 ) . Accurate chromosome segregation during meio...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "model", "organisms", "women's", "health", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods" ]	2014	Rejuvenation of Meiotic Cohesion in Oocytes during Prophase I Is Required for Chiasma Maintenance and Accurate Chromosome Segregation
A large fraction of the proteins that are being identified as key tumor dependencies represent poor pharmacological targets or lack clinically-relevant small-molecule inhibitors . Availability of fully generalizable approaches for the systematic and efficient prioritization of tumor-context specific protein activity in...	Most transcription factors are considered “undruggable” in conventional drug discovery . However , a large number of them are discovered to be key tumor dependencies . Thus , targeting these difficult targets has been a challenge for cancer drug discovery . Here , we introduce a novel method , OncoLead , that applies b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "luciferase", "assay", "chemical", "compounds", "small", "molecules", "gene", "regulation", "applied", "mathematics", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "organic", "compounds", "biochemical", "analysis", "simulation", "and", "modeling", ...	2017	Systematic, network-based characterization of therapeutic target inhibitors
Community Directed Treatment with ivermectin is the cornerstone of current efforts to eliminate onchocerciasis . However recent studies suggest there are foci where long-term annual distribution of the drug alone has failed to ensure elimination thresholds are reached . It is important to achieve high levels of complia...	Community Directed Treatment with ivermectin is the cornerstone of current efforts to eliminate onchocerciasis . Ivermectin distribution alone has been shown to be able to interrupt transmission but there are foci where long-term distribution of the drug alone has failed to ensure elimination thresholds are reached . T...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "onchocerca", "volvulus", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "onchocerca", "ethnicities", "pharmaceutics", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "pharmacology", "o...	2016	Factors Associated with Ivermectin Non-Compliance and Its Potential Role in Sustaining Onchocerca volvulus Transmission in the West Region of Cameroon
Neural mass models ( NMMs ) are increasingly used to uncover the large-scale mechanisms of brain rhythms in health and disease . The dynamics of these models is dependent upon the choice of parameters , and therefore it is crucial to be able to understand how dynamics change when parameters are varied . Despite being c...	Understanding the workings of the healthy brain and the disruptions that lead to disease remains a grand challenge for neuroscience . Given the complexity of the brain , mathematical models are becoming increasingly important to elucidate these fundamental mechanisms . However , as our fundamental understanding evolves...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "engineering", "and", "technology", "trees", "neuroscience", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "decision", "analysis", "decision", "tree", "learning", "systems", "science", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "management",...	2018	Classifying dynamic transitions in high dimensional neural mass models: A random forest approach
Genome reduction has been observed in many bacterial lineages that have adapted to specialized environments . The extreme genome degradation seen for obligate pathogens and symbionts appears to be dominated by genetic drift . In contrast , for free-living organisms with reduced genomes , the dominant force is proposed ...	Many free-living bacteria are known to commonly lose large portions of their genomes , but it is unclear what evolutionary forces drive these changes . Is this due to random loss in small populations , as is thought to be the case for the extreme genome degradation of intracellular symbionts , or due to selection ? And...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "genetic", "mutation", "genome", "evolution", "population", "genetics", "microbiology", "mutation", "mutation", "types", "microbial", "evolution", "microbial", "physiology", "biology", "evolutionary", "genetics", "genetic", "drift", "adaptation", "natural", ...	2012	Repeated, Selection-Driven Genome Reduction of Accessory Genes in Experimental Populations
Cohesin regulates sister chromatid cohesion during the mitotic cell cycle with Nipped-B-Like ( NIPBL ) facilitating its loading and unloading . In addition to this canonical role , cohesin has also been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulation of gene expression in nondividing cells . Heterozygous mutations i...	Appropriate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells depends upon proper cohesion of sister chromatids during mitosis . The multiprotein cohesin complex and its regulators are key factors in this process . Intriguingly , recent work has shown that the cohesin complex also has other cellular roles , including a role...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression", "pediatrics", "and", "child", "health/child", "development", "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/genetics", "of", "disease", "developmenta...	2009	Transcriptional Dysregulation in NIPBL and Cohesin Mutant Human Cells
Parasite biology , by its very nature , cannot be understood without integrating it with that of the host , nor can the host response be adequately explained without considering the activity of the parasite . However , due to experimental limitations , molecular studies of parasite-host systems have been predominantly ...	In a parasitic relationship , both host and parasite genotypes influence the parameters of their relationship . Previous studies examining host-parasite systems have examined the effects of the genotype of the host or the parasite on the relationship , but due to limitations of technology , have rarely examined interac...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "genome", "expression", "analysis", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "genomics", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "entomology", "host-pathogen", "interactions", "genome", "analysis", "transcriptome", "analysis", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", ...	2014	Dual RNA-seq of Parasite and Host Reveals Gene Expression Dynamics during Filarial Worm–Mosquito Interactions
Diversity-generating retroelements ( DGRs ) are in vivo sequence diversification machines that are widely distributed in bacterial , phage , and plasmid genomes . They function to introduce vast amounts of targeted diversity into protein-encoding DNA sequences via mutagenic homing . Adenine residues are converted to ra...	Diversity-generating retroelements function through a unique , reverse transcriptase–mediated “copy and replace” mechanism that enables repeated rounds of protein diversification , selection , and optimization . The ability of DGRs to introduce targeted diversity into protein-coding DNA sequences has the potential to d...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "bacteriology", "organismal", "evolution", "microbial", "mutation", "genetic", "mutation", "retrotransposons", "microbiology", "mutation", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "microbial", "evolution", "dna", "dna", "structure", "applied", "microbiology", "trans...	2011	Target Site Recognition by a Diversity-Generating Retroelement
Nutritional interventions targeting the critical growth and development period before two years of age can have the greatest impact on health trajectories over the life course . Compelling evidence has demonstrated that interventions investing in maternal health in the first 1000 days of life are beneficial for both mo...	Worldwide , over one billion people are infected with intestinal worms ( roundworms , whipworms , and hookworms ) . In worm-endemic areas , women of reproductive age are a high risk group for infection because of their poor nutritional status and increased physiological needs during pre-pregnancy , pregnancy , and lact...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "children", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "maternal", "health", "obstetrics", "and", "gynecology", "helminths", "tropical", "diseases", "hookworms", "social", "sciences", "anthropology", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "health", "care", "...	2017	A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Maternal Postpartum Deworming to Improve Infant Weight Gain in the Peruvian Amazon
Numerous experimental vaccines have been developed to protect against the cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis caused by infection with the obligate intracellular protozoan Leishmania , but a human vaccine still does not exist . Remarkably , the efficacy of anti-Leishmania vaccines has never been fully evaluat...	The generation of vaccines that protect against intracellular pathogens such as malaria , human immunodeficiency virus and leishmaniasis have met with limited success . A perplexing aspect of this failure as it relates to leishmaniasis is the knowledge that individuals typically get the disease only once , and that ind...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/skin", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/immunization" ]	2009	Vector Transmission of Leishmania Abrogates Vaccine-Induced Protective Immunity
Dengue is a common and growing problem worldwide , with an estimated 70–140 million cases per year . Traditional , healthcare-based , government-implemented dengue surveillance is resource intensive and slow . As global Internet use has increased , novel , Internet-based disease monitoring tools have emerged . Google D...	Dengue is a common and growing problem worldwide . Delays in traditional surveillance systems limit the ability of public health agencies to identify and respond to dengue outbreaks efficiently . Internet search queries provide near real-time indicators of infectious disease activity and have proven effective for monit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "disease", "mapping", "infectious", "diseases", "mosquitoes", "climatology", "epidemiological", "methods", "meteorology", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "earth", "sciences", "atmospheric", "science", "dengue", "fever", "neglected", "tro...	2014	Evaluation of Internet-Based Dengue Query Data: Google Dengue Trends
Preterm birth is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants . Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the susceptibility to preterm birth , but despite many investigations , the genetic basis for preterm birth remain largely unknown . Our objective was to identify rare , possibly damaging , nucleoti...	Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant mortality , and prematurity is further associated with serious morbidities in later life . Genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the susceptibility to preterm birth . Despite numerous studies , the genetic basis for preterm birth remains poorly defined . We i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "phosphorylation", "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cellular", "stress", "responses", "maternal", "health", "obstetrics", "and", "gynecology", "engineering", "and", "technology", "cell", "processes", "hormones", "preterm",...	2018	Whole exome sequencing reveals HSPA1L as a genetic risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth
Chromosome ends are known hotspots of meiotic recombination and double-strand breaks . We monitored mitotic sister chromatid exchange ( SCE ) in telomeres and subtelomeres and found that 17% of all SCE occurs in the terminal 0 . 1% of the chromosome . Telomeres and subtelomeres are significantly enriched for SCEs , exh...	The ends of chromosomes are evolutionarily dynamic and structurally unusual parts of the human genome . Arrays of telomeric repeats cap each end and protect chromosomes from degradation and end-to-end fusions . Just inside the telomeres are patchworks of larger DNA segments duplicated on different chromosome ends . The...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "primates", "oncology", "homo", "(human)", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2007	Elevated Rates of Sister Chromatid Exchange at Chromosome Ends
Apolipoprotein L-I ( apoL1 ) is a human-specific serum protein that kills Trypanosoma brucei through ionic pore formation in endosomal membranes of the parasite . The T . brucei subspecies rhodesiense and gambiense resist this lytic activity and can infect humans , causing sleeping sickness . In the case of T . b . rho...	The serum protein apolipoprotein L-I ( apoL1 ) is responsible for human innate immunity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei , because this protein kills the parasite by generating ionic pores in the lysosomal membrane . Two T . brucei subspecies ( T . b . rhodesiense and T . b . gambiense ) can resist apoL1 and therefore...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biotechnology/applied", "microbiology", "microbiology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "cell", "biology/cellular", "death", "and", "stress", "responses" ]	2009	C-Terminal Mutants of Apolipoprotein L-I Efficiently Kill Both Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
The Plasmodium vivax Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites ( PvCelTOS ) plays an important role in the traversal of host cells . Although essential to PvCelTOS progress as a vaccine candidate , its genetic diversity remains uncharted . Therefore , we investigated the PvCelTOS genetic polymorphism in 119 ...	Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites ( CelTOS ) presents a pivotal role in the cell traversal of host cells in mosquito and vertebrate hosts . For this reason , it has been considered a potential novel alternative for a vaccine against malaria caused by P . falciparum . However , little is known about i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Genes", "and", "protein", "sequences", "used" ]	[ "parasite", "groups", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "plasmodium", "population", "genetics", "tropical", "diseases", "immunology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "genetic", "mapping", "parasitology", "vaccines", "preventive", "medicine", "ap...	2017	Plasmodium vivax Cell Traversal Protein for Ookinetes and Sporozoites (PvCelTOS) gene sequence and potential epitopes are highly conserved among isolates from different regions of Brazilian Amazon
Single eukaryotic cells commonly sense and follow chemical gradients , performing chemotaxis . Recent experiments and theories , however , show that even when single cells do not chemotax , clusters of cells may , if their interactions are regulated by the chemoattractant . We study this general mechanism of “collectiv...	To get from one part of the body to another , single cells often follow chemical signals . Sometimes , though , isolated cells ignore these signals , but a group of cells still manages to travel in a directed way . How can this happen ? We argue that if the signal changes how the cells interact with their neighbors , a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "velocity", "cell", "physiology", "cell", "motility", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "classical", "mechanics", "engineering", "and", "technology", "nervous", "system", "signal", "processing", "junctional", "complexes", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "cell"...	2016	Collective Signal Processing in Cluster Chemotaxis: Roles of Adaptation, Amplification, and Co-attraction in Collective Guidance
Extra Cytoplasmic Function ( ECF ) σ factors are a diverse group of alternate σ factors bacteria use to respond to changes in the environment . The Bacillus subtilis ECF σ factor σV responds to lysozyme . In the absence of lysozyme , σV is held inactive by the anti-σ factor , RsiV . In the presence of lysozyme RsiV is ...	Signal transduction involves ( i ) sensing a signal , ( ii ) a molecular switch triggering a response , and ( iii ) altering gene expression . For Bacillus subtilis’ response to lysozyme , we have a detailed understanding of ( i ) and ( iii ) . Here we provide insights for a molecular switch that triggers the lysozyme ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chemical", "compounds", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "enzymes", "pathogens", "bacillus", "enzymology", "microbiology", "cell", "disruption", "organic", "compounds", "prokaryotic", "models", "membrane", "receptor",...	2018	Bacterial sensing: A putative amphipathic helix in RsiV is the switch for activating σV in response to lysozyme
The epigenetic regulation of gene expression by the covalent modification of histones is a fundamental mechanism required for the proper differentiation of germ line cells during development . Trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 ( H3K9me3 ) leads to chromatin silencing and the formation of heterochromatin by recruitme...	Germ line cells are the only cells in an organism that are able to transmit their genetic material to the next generation by forming eggs or sperm . They do not participate in the formation or function of tissues and organs and therefore show a unique pattern of transcription , with many genes being silenced that are o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/stem", "cells", "cell", "biology/nuclear", "structure", "and", "function", "cell", "biology/cellular", "death", "and", "stress", "responses", "cell", "biology/developmental", "molecular", "mechanisms", "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "bio...	2009	Windei, the Drosophila Homolog of mAM/MCAF1, Is an Essential Cofactor of the H3K9 Methyl Transferase dSETDB1/Eggless in Germ Line Development
Hookworm infection is a major cause of disease burden for humans . Recent studies have described hookworm-related immunosuppression in endemic populations and animal models . A Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases ( Ac-TMP-1 ) has been identified as one of the most abundant proteins released by the adult parasite . We ...	Chronic infections with helminths have been suggested to induce suppressor cells by a variety of mechanisms . The published immunological and epidemiological data on hookworm infection in humans and animal models suggest that these parasites are particularly successful in establishing chronicity and modulation . We hav...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "immunology/immunomodulation" ]	2009	The Hookworm Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases (Ac-TMP-1) Modifies Dendritic Cell Function and Induces Generation of CD4 and CD8 Suppressor T Cells
Chronic wasting disease ( CWD ) , an environmentally transmissible , fatal prion disease is endemic in North America , present in South Korea and has recently been confirmed in northern Europe . The expanding geographic range of this contagious disease of free-ranging deer , moose , elk and reindeer has resulted in inc...	Chronic wasting disease ( CWD ) is a contagious prion disease affecting several species of captive and wild cervids . Environmental prion contamination plays a major role in increasing incidence of CWD , with CWD infectivity being released into the environment by decaying carcasses , or shedding of biological fluids in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "chronic", "wasting", "disease", "animal", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "deer", "canada", "chemical", "compounds", "ruminants", "prions", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "geographical", "locations", "immunoblotting", "vertebrates", "animals", ...	2018	Soil humic acids degrade CWD prions and reduce infectivity
The double bromodomain and extra-terminal domain ( BET ) proteins are critical epigenetic readers that bind to acetylated histones in chromatin and regulate transcriptional activity and modulate changes in chromatin structure and organization . The testis-specific BET member , BRDT , is essential for the normal progres...	BRDT , a testis-specific member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal ( BET ) subfamily of epigenetic reader proteins , is essential for the generation of male gametes . In post-meiotic cells , BRDT is involved in chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation through its first bromodomain motif , as loss of the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "meiosis", "spermatocytes", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "germ", "cells", "epigenetics", "chromatin", "sperm", "sex", "chromosomes", "prophase", "synapsis", "animal", "cells", "chromosome", "biology", "gene", "expression", "autosome...	2018	BRDT is an essential epigenetic regulator for proper chromatin organization, silencing of sex chromosomes and crossover formation in male meiosis
Noncoding sequence contains pathogenic mutations . Yet , compared with mutations in protein-coding sequence , pathogenic regulatory mutations are notoriously difficult to recognize . Most fundamentally , we are not yet adept at recognizing the sequence stretches in the human genome that are most important in regulating...	Mutations in noncoding sequence can cause disease but are very difficult to recognize . Here , we present two approaches intended to help identify noncoding regions of the genome that may carry mutations influencing disease . The first approach is based on comparing observed and predicted levels of standing human varia...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Intolerance of Regulatory Sequence to Genetic Variation Predicts Gene Dosage Sensitivity
Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent cause of human malaria in the world and can lead to severe disease with high potential for relapse . Its genetic and geographic diversities make it challenging to control . P . vivax is understudied and to achieve control of malaria in endemic areas , a rapid , accurate , and simp...	To control malaria , there is an urgent need for applying innovative diagnostics and new technologies . Nanoparticles can augment detection of malaria at lower parasite levels while providing fast and simple methodology . Novel use of MSP10 and gold nanoparticles to identify Plasmodium vivax’s DNA in urine can be utili...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "parasite", "groups", "body", "fluids", "plasmodium", "engineering", "and", "technology", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "nucleotides", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitology", "urine", "parasitemia", "apicomplexa", "nanopar...	2016	Colorimetric Detection of Plasmodium vivax in Urine Using MSP10 Oligonucleotides and Gold Nanoparticles
Pathogen access to host nutrients in infected tissues is fundamental for pathogen growth and virulence , disease progression , and infection control . However , our understanding of this crucial process is still rather limited because of experimental and conceptual challenges . Here , we used proteomics , microbial gen...	Infectious diseases are a major health problem worldwide . To cause disease , pathogens need to acquire host nutrients for growth in infected tissues and for the expression of virulence factors . In this study , we investigated Salmonella nutrition and growth in a well-characterized mouse model of human typhoid fever ....	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbial", "metabolism", "microbial", "pathogens", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "biology", "salmonella", "microbiology", "bacterial", "pathogens" ]	2013	Parallel Exploitation of Diverse Host Nutrients Enhances Salmonella Virulence
Open , collaborative research is a powerful paradigm that can immensely strengthen the scientific process by integrating broad and diverse expertise . However , traditional research and multi-author writing processes break down at scale . We present new software named Manubot , available at https://manubot . org , to a...	Traditionally , scholarly manuscripts have been written in private by a predefined team of collaborators . But now the internet enables realtime open science , where project communication occurs online in a public venue and anyone is able to contribute . Dispersed teams of online contributors require new tools to joint...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Authorship", "Discussion" ]	[ "computer", "applications", "open", "science", "peer", "review", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "data", "management", "web-based", "applications", "computer", "networks", "science", "policy", "internet", "computer", "software", "citation", "analysis", "op...	2019	Open collaborative writing with Manubot
Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) is the major cause of viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia . Vaccination of domestic pigs has been suggested as a “one health” strategy to reduce viral disease transmission to humans . The efficiency of two lentiviral TRIP/JEV vectors expressing the JEV envelope prM and E glycoprotei...	Japanese encephalitis virus is the etiologic agent of the most medically important viral encephalitis in South Asia with thousands of deaths per year . The virus is maintained in an enzootic cycle between Culex mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts , such as wild boars and pigs . Vaccination of domestic pigs has b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	A Lentiviral Vector Expressing Japanese Encephalitis Virus-like Particles Elicits Broad Neutralizing Antibody Response in Pigs
Somatic mutations drive the growth of tumor cells and are pivotal biomarkers for many cancer treatments . Genetic association analysis using somatic mutations is an effective approach to study the functional impact of somatic mutations . However , standard regression methods are not appropriate for somatic mutation ass...	Cancer is a genetic disease that is driven by the accumulation of somatic mutations . Association studies using somatic mutations is a powerful approach to identify the potential impact of somatic mutations on molecular or clinical features . One challenge for such tasks is the non-ignorable somatic mutation calling er...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "oncology", "mutation", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "mutagenesis", "and", "gene", "deletion", "techniques", "epigenetics", "dna", "information", "technolog...	2018	Association analysis using somatic mutations
Common causes of acute febrile illness in tropical countries have similar symptoms , which often mimic those of dengue . Accurate clinical diagnosis can be difficult without laboratory confirmation and disease burden is generally under-reported . Accurate , population-based , laboratory-confirmed incidence data on deng...	Acute febrile episodes are common in children living in tropical countries . Diagnosis can be challenging because symptoms of the more common infectious causes are similar and often mimic those of dengue . Asia Pacific has over 70% of the worldwide dengue disease burden , although dengue incidence is generally underest...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "bacterial", "diseases", "disease", "mapping", "infectious", "diseases", "survey", "methods", "clinical", "epidemiology", "tropical", "diseases", "(non-neglected)", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "dengue", "fever", "flavivirus", "influe...	2013	Dengue and Other Common Causes of Acute Febrile Illness in Asia: An Active Surveillance Study in Children
The Ashkenazi Jewish ( AJ ) population is important in genetics due to its high rate of Mendelian disorders . AJ appeared in Europe in the 10th century , and their ancestry is thought to comprise European ( EU ) and Middle-Eastern ( ME ) components . However , both the time and place of admixture are subject to debate ...	The Ashkenazi Jewish population has resided in Europe for much of its 1000-year existence . However , its ethnic and geographic origins are controversial , due to the scarcity of reliable historical records . Previous genetic studies have found links to Middle-Eastern and European ancestries , but the admixture history...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "population", "genetics", "geographical", "locations", "jews", "genetic", "mapping", "ethnicities", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "population", "biology", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "europe", "geography", "chromosome", "biology", "historical", "geography...	2017	The time and place of European admixture in Ashkenazi Jewish history
Spatially controlled release of sister chromatid cohesion during progression through the meiotic divisions is of paramount importance for error-free chromosome segregation during meiosis . Cohesion is mediated by the cohesin protein complex and cleavage of one of its subunits by the endoprotease separase removes cohesi...	Sexual reproduction depends on meiosis , a special cell division that occurs in two steps , meiosis I and II . Meiosis is distinct in males and females that produce two very different forms of compatible gametes , the sperm and egg , respectively . In the fly Drosophila melanogaster , sex-specific differences are prono...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "meiosis", "invertebrates", "homologous", "chromosomes", "spermatocytes", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "anaphase", "centromeres", "metaphase", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "animals", "germ", "cells", "animal", "models...	2016	Separase Is Required for Homolog and Sister Disjunction during Drosophila melanogaster Male Meiosis, but Not for Biorientation of Sister Centromeres
Realistic , individual-based models based on detailed census data are increasingly used to study disease transmission . Whether the rich structure of such models improves predictions is debated . This is studied here for the spread of varicella , a childhood disease , in a realistic population of children where infecti...	Individual-based models of disease transmission have increasingly included detailed demographic data to more accurately describe places where population mix and infection occur . These models may help to understand in more detail heterogeneities in transmission and improve public health decisions . Here , the spread of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "modeling" ]	2011	Modelling the Effects of Population Structure on Childhood Disease: The Case of Varicella
China has seen a massive resurgence of rabies cases in the last 15 years with more than 25 , 000 human fatalities . Initial cases were reported in the southwest but are now reported in almost every province . There have been several phylogenetic investigations into the origin and spread of the virus within China but fe...	Rabies as a fatal zoonotic disease continues to be a public threat to global public health . After India , China reports the second highest number of human cases , with more than 117 , 500 deaths and three major epidemics since 1950 . China remains in the middle of the third epidemic . In this work we investigate the i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "biogeography", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "spatial", "epidemiology", "microbiology", "rabies", "phylogenetics", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "population", "biology", "infectious", "diseases", "epidemiology", "biology", "evolutionary", "s...	2013	National Borders Effectively Halt the Spread of Rabies: The Current Rabies Epidemic in China Is Dislocated from Cases in Neighboring Countries
Epithelial cells are characterized by apical-basal polarity . Intrinsic factors underlying apical-basal polarity are crucial for tissue homeostasis and have often been identified to be tumor suppressors . Patterning and differentiation of epithelia are key processes of epithelial morphogenesis and are frequently regula...	Epithelial morphogenesis is one of the key processes in animal development . Evolutionarily conserved growth factors frequently instruct patterning and differentiation in morphogenesis . However , little is known about how extracellular cues and epithelial morphogenesis are mutually coordinated in vivo . Wing posterior...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "invertebrates", "rna", "interference", "vesicles", "cloning", "animals", "cell", "polarity", "animal", "models", "organisms", "developmental", "biology", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "immunoprecipitation", "epigenetics", "molecu...	2016	Scribbled Optimizes BMP Signaling through Its Receptor Internalization to the Rab5 Endosome and Promote Robust Epithelial Morphogenesis
Th17 cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases , as well as in the defense against some extracellular bacteria and fungi . However , Th17 cells are not believed to have a significant function against intracellular infections . In contrast to this par...	Chronic infection with the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi results in Chagas disease , an illness endemic in more than 20 countries that leads to life-threatening cardiac and gastrointestinal dysfunction . Although CD4+ Th1 cells are known to be protective against T . cruzi infection , less is known about the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "t", "helper", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "respiratory", "infections", "immune", "physiology", "spleen", "immunology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "pulmo...	2016	Th17 Cells Are More Protective Than Th1 Cells Against the Intracellular Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi
Ebolaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with up to 90% lethality and in fatal cases , are characterized by early suppression of the host innate immune system . One of the proteins likely responsible for this effect is VP24 . VP24 is known to antagonize interferon signaling by binding host karyopherin α proteins , thereby ...	Ebolaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever that is exacerbated by immediate suppression of host immune function . VP24 , one of only eight proteins encoded by ebolaviruses , functions in virus replication and assembly , and is thought to contribute to immune suppression by binding to a certain class of molecules calle...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2012	The Ebola Virus Interferon Antagonist VP24 Directly Binds STAT1 and Has a Novel, Pyramidal Fold
Bundled actin structures play a key role in maintaining cellular shape , in aiding force transmission to and from extracellular substrates , and in affecting cellular motility . Recent studies have also brought to light new details on stress generation , force transmission and contractility of actin bundles . In this w...	Actin bundles are a salient feature of the cellular cytoskeleton offering structural integrity to the cell in addition to playing a key functional role in processes such as intracellular transport , mechanosensing and locomotion . Even though bundles have been studied extensively for years , a comprehensive picture of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "cell", "motility", "actin", "filaments", "cell", "polarity", "molecular", "motors", "actin", "motors", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "cytoskeleton", "motor", "proteins", "dynamic", "actin", "filaments", "contractile", "proteins", ...	2019	Remarkable structural transformations of actin bundles are driven by their initial polarity, motor activity, crosslinking, and filament treadmilling
Trafficking of lung dendritic cells ( DCs ) to the draining lymph node ( dLN ) is a crucial step for the initiation of T cell responses upon pathogen challenge . However , little is known about the factors that regulate lung DC migration to the dLN . In this study , using a model of influenza infection , we demonstrate...	Influenza is a global health problem frequented by epidemics and pandemics . Current vaccines against influenza offer limited protection hence the need for reformulation and repeated vaccination . There is a pressing need to develop newer vaccines that are able to generate T cell response . In order to develop such vac...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunologic", "subspecialties", "immunology", "biology", "pulmonary", "immunology" ]	2013	Complement Mediated Signaling on Pulmonary CD103+ Dendritic Cells Is Critical for Their Migratory Function in Response to Influenza Infection
Although bipolar electrograms ( Bi-egms ) are commonly used for catheter mapping and ablation of cardiac arrhythmias , the accuracy and reproducibility of Bi-egms have not been evaluated . We aimed to clarify the influence of the catheter orientation ( CO ) , catheter contact angle ( CA ) , local conduction velocity ( ...	Cardiac arrhythmias are rhythm disorders of the heart leading to abnormal heart function . For the diagnosis and treatment of the arrhythmias , clinicians insert catheters into the heart and examine the electrical signal propagation in the heart . Among different type of catheters , bipolar catheters have two electrode...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "data", "acquisition", "engineering", "and", "technology", "catheters", "membrane", "potential", "fibrosis", "electrophysiology", "developmental", "biology", "waves", "cardiology", "bioengineering", "computer", "and"...	2019	Multiple factors influence the morphology of the bipolar electrogram: An in silico modeling study
Mutations can originate from the chance misincorporation of nucleotides during DNA replication or from DNA lesions that arise between replication cycles and are not repaired correctly . We introduce a model that relates the source of mutations to their accumulation with cell divisions , providing a framework for unders...	We relate how mutations arise to how they accumulate in different sexes , with age and with cell division . This model provides a single framework within which to interpret emerging results from evolutionary biology , human genetics , and cancer genetics . We show that the accrual of mutations should track cell divisio...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2016	Interpreting the Dependence of Mutation Rates on Age and Time
Maternal homozygosity for three independent mutant hecate alleles results in embryos with reduced expression of dorsal organizer genes and defects in the formation of dorsoanterior structures . A positional cloning approach identified all hecate mutations as stop codons affecting the same gene , revealing that hecate e...	One of the earliest and most crucial events in animal development is the establishment of the embryonic dorsal axis . In amphibians and fish , this event depends on the transport of so-called “dorsal determinants” from one region of the egg , at the pole opposite from the site where the oocyte nucleus lies , towards th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "developmental", "biology" ]	2014	Hecate/Grip2a Acts to Reorganize the Cytoskeleton in the Symmetry-Breaking Event of Embryonic Axis Induction
Plants have evolved diverse cell types with distinct sizes , shapes , and functions . For example , most flowering plants contain specialized petal conical epidermal cells that are thought to attract pollinators and influence light capture and reflectance , but the molecular mechanisms controlling conical cell shaping ...	Plants have diverse cell types with distinct sizes , shapes , and functions . For example , most flowering plants contain specialized conical petal epidermal cells that are thought to attract bee pollinators , but the molecular mechanisms controlling conical cell shaping remain unclear . Here , through a genetic screen...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "plant", "anatomy", "trichomes", "microtubules", "pavement", "cells", "plant", "cell", "biology", "brassica", "plant", "science", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "seedlings", "plants", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "flower",...	2018	Reactive oxygen species mediate conical cell shaping in Arabidopsis thaliana petals
Candida albicans is a leading human fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening systemic infections . A key regulator of C . albicans stress response , drug resistance , morphogenesis , and virulence is the molecular chaperone Hsp90 . Targeting Hsp90 provides a powerful strategy to treat fungal infections , however , ...	Hsp90 is an essential and conserved molecular chaperone that is required for the folding and function of a wide range of client proteins , especially those involved in signaling and stress responses . In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans , Hsp90 governs drug resistance , morphogenesis , and virulence . In our ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods", "and", "Materials" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "genomic", "library", "screening", "mutation", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "clinical", "medicine", "pharmacology", "molecular", "biology", ...	2016	Mapping the Hsp90 Genetic Network Reveals Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase Signaling as Core Circuitry Governing Cellular Stress
Strains of simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) that are limited to a single cycle of infection were evaluated for the ability to elicit protective immunity against wild-type SIVmac239 infection of rhesus macaques by two different vaccine regimens . Six animals were inoculated at 8-week intervals with 6 identical dose...	AIDS vaccine candidates based on recombinant DNA and/or viral vectors stimulate potent cellular immune responses . However , the extent of protection achieved by these vaccines has so far been disappointing . While live , attenuated strains of SIV afford more reliable protection in animal models , there are justifiable...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/vaccines", "virology/immunodeficiency", "viruses", "immunology/immune", "response", "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections" ]	2009	Immunization with Single-Cycle SIV Significantly Reduces Viral Loads After an Intravenous Challenge with SIVmac239
Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases and an effective control is unlikely in the absence of improved sanitation and vaccination . A new approach of oral vaccination with alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles appears interesting because their great stability and the ease of target ac...	Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases and an effective control is unlikely in the absence of improved sanitation and vaccine . The selection of a suitable delivery system and an adjuvant to aid in the stimulation of the appropriate immune response is a critical step in the path to the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biotechnology", "materials", "science", "immunology", "biology", "biomaterials" ]	2012	A New Strategy Based on Smrho Protein Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Candidate Oral Vaccine against Schistosomiasis
Tainan experienced the most severe dengue epidemic in Taiwan in 2015 . This study investigates the association between the signs and symptoms at the time of reporting with the adverse dengue prognoses . A descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from the Dengue Disease Reporting System in Tainan , Taiwan , ...	Clinical presentations of dengue fever ( DF ) are diverse and non-specific and often have unpredictable progression and outcomes . The patients in the 2015 dengue epidemics in Taiwan were predominantly much older than in other countries in Southeast Asia . However , limited data are available in Taiwan on dengue patien...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "elderly", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "health", "care", "age", "groups", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "di...	2017	Symptoms associated with adverse dengue fever prognoses at the time of reporting in the 2015 dengue outbreak in Taiwan
Neuronal differentiation is exquisitely controlled both spatially and temporally during nervous system development . Defects in the spatiotemporal control of neurogenesis cause incorrect formation of neural networks and lead to neurological disorders such as epilepsy and autism . The mTOR kinase integrates signals from...	The development of a functional nervous system requires that nerve cells are generated at exactly the right time and place to be correctly integrated . Defects in the timing at which nerve cells are generated , or ‘differentiate’ , lead to neurological disorders such as epilepsy and autism . However , very little is kn...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "developmental", "neuroscience", "cellular", "neuroscience", "neurogenesis", "molecular", "neuroscience", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "neuronal", "differentiation", "neuroscience", "cell", "differentiation" ]	2014	Unkempt Is Negatively Regulated by mTOR and Uncouples Neuronal Differentiation from Growth Control
The entanglement of lignin polymers with cellulose and hemicellulose in plant cell walls is a major biological barrier to the economically viable production of biofuels from woody biomass . Recent efforts of reducing this recalcitrance with transgenic techniques have been showing promise for ameliorating or even obviat...	Cellulose-based biofuels presently offer the most environmentally attractive and technologically promising alternative to fossil fuels . To be viable , biofuels must be derived from non-food crops , such as grasses , wood , bark , and plant residues . Techniques for releasing the energy stored in these renewable materi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "computer", "science", "plant", "science", "computer", "modeling", "theoretical", "biology", "plant", "biology", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	Integrative Analysis of Transgenic Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Suggests New Metabolic Control Mechanisms for Monolignol Biosynthesis
HRMs ( hypoxia-responsive miRNAs ) are a specific group of microRNAs that are regulated by hypoxia . Recent studies revealed that several HRMs including let-7 family miRNAs were highly induced in response to HIF ( hypoxia-inducible factor ) stabilization in hypoxia , and they potently participated in angiogenesis by ta...	Cells living in a hypoxic environment secrete signals to stimulate new blood vessel growth , a process termed angiogenesis , to acquire more oxygen and nutrients . Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ( HIF-1 ) accumulates in hypoxia and expedites the release of pro-angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Computational Model of MicroRNA Control of HIF-VEGF Pathway: Insights into the Pathophysiology of Ischemic Vascular Disease and Cancer
Clinical diagnosis and follow up of cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) are based on imaging complemented by serology . Several immunodiagnostic tests are commercially available , but the development of new tools is still needed to overcome the lack of standardization of the target antigen , generally consisting of a crude ex...	Cystic echinococcosis is a neglected disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus complex affecting both humans and livestock . The disease is considered one of the world’s major zoonoses , and represents a public health problem . Clinical diagnosis and follow-up is mainly based on imaging...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "echinococcus", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "ph...	2016	Diagnostic Accuracy of Antigen 5-Based ELISAs for Human Cystic Echinococcosis
Most biological traits and common diseases have a strong but complex genetic basis , controlled by large numbers of genetic variants with small contributions to a trait or disease risk . The effect-size of most genetic variants is not absolute and is instead dependent upon multiple factors such as the age and genetic b...	Complex traits are influenced by the individual effects of genetic variants in addition to the interactions of the variants with the environment , age , and each other . While complex genetic architectures are ubiquitous in natural traits , little is known about the causal mechanisms that create their complex genetic a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "gonads", "quantitative", "trait", "loci", "caenorhabditis", "animals", "germ", "cells", "epistasis", "animal", "models", "oocytes", "caenorhabditis", "elegans", "model", "organisms", "e...	2017	Modeling of a negative feedback mechanism explains antagonistic pleiotropy in reproduction in domesticated Caenorhabditis elegans strains
Mechanism-based chemical kinetic models are increasingly being used to describe biological signaling . Such models serve to encapsulate current understanding of pathways and to enable insight into complex biological processes . One challenge in model development is that , with limited experimental data , multiple model...	A major focus of systems biology is the development of mechanism-based models of cell signaling pathways . These models hold the promise of encapsulating our understanding of complex biological processes while also predicting new behavior . However , as these models become more complex , it can be difficult to distingu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biochemistry", "mammals", "computational", "biology", "cell", "biology" ]	2008	Stimulus Design for Model Selection and Validation in Cell Signaling
An early and yet indispensable step in the alphaherpesvirus infection is the engagement of host receptors by the viral envelope glycoprotein D ( gD ) . Of the thus-far identified gD receptors , nectin-1 is likely the most effective in terms of its wide usage by multiple alphaherpesviruses for cell entry . The molecular...	Both herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) and pseudorabies virus ( PRV ) recognize nectin-1 as the cellular receptor . They utilize the envelope glycoprotein D ( gD ) on the virion surface to interact with nectin-1 , initiating the virus infection . Although the molecular basis of nectin-1 binding by HSV gD has been successful...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "herpes", "simplex", "virus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "crystal", "structure", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "pathogens", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "microbiology",...	2017	Structural basis of nectin-1 recognition by pseudorabies virus glycoprotein D
Biofilm formation on implanted medical devices is a major source of lethal invasive infection by Candida albicans . Filamentous growth of this fungus is tied to biofilm formation because many filamentation-associated genes are required for surface adherence . Cell cycle or cell growth defects can induce filamentation ,...	The ability of the pathogen Candida albicans to grow on surfaces as biofilms is a determinant of infection ability , because biofilms on implanted medical devices seed infections . Biofilm formation by this organism requires growth in the form of filamentous cells and the expression of filamentation-associated genes . ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biofilms", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "enzymes", "pathogens", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "rna", "extraction", "microbiology", "enzymology", "mutation", "fungi", "model",...	2016	Bypass of Candida albicans Filamentation/Biofilm Regulators through Diminished Expression of Protein Kinase Cak1
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection is a common problem in the world , especially in China . More than 60–80% of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) cases can be attributed to HBV infection in high HBV prevalent regions . Although traditional Sanger sequencing has been extensively used to investigate HBV sequences , NGS i...	HBV infection can lead to many liver complications including hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) , one of the most common liver cancers in China . High-throughput sequencing technologies have recently been used to study the genotype sequence compositions of HBV infected individuals and to distinguish chronic HBV ( CHB ) i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "biogeography", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "linguistics", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "carcinomas", "population", "genetics", "microbiology", "cancers", ...	2018	Deep sequencing of HBV pre-S region reveals high heterogeneity of HBV genotypes and associations of word pattern frequencies with HCC
Much effort and interest have focused on assessing the importance of natural selection , particularly positive natural selection , in shaping the human genome . Although scans for positive selection have identified candidate loci that may be associated with positive selection in humans , such scans do not indicate whet...	There is much reported evidence for positive selection at specific loci in the human genome . Additional papers based on comparisons between the genomes of humans and chimpanzees have also suggested that adaptive evolution may be quite common . At the same time , it has been surprisingly hard to find unambiguous eviden...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/human", "evolution", "computational", "biology/genomics", "evolutionary", "biology/genomics" ]	2009	Pervasive Hitchhiking at Coding and Regulatory Sites in Humans
Onchocerciasis ( river blindness ) is a parasitic disease transmitted by blackflies . Symptoms include severe itching , skin lesions , and vision impairment including blindness . More than 99% of all cases are concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa . Fortunately , vector control and community-directed treatment with iverme...	River blindness ( onchocerciasis ) is a parasitic disease transmitted by blackflies . Symptoms include severe itching , skin lesions , and vision impairment including blindness . More than 99% of all cases are concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa . Fortunately , vector control and community-directed treatment with iverme...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Financial and Economic Costs of the Elimination and Eradication of Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) in Africa
Genome amplification and cellular senescence are commonly associated with pathological processes . While physiological roles for polyploidization and senescence have been described in mouse development , controversy exists over their significance in humans . Here , we describe tetraploidization and senescence as phenom...	In tissues , cellular differentiation is normally associated with cell cycle arrest . However , in some cases differentiating cells continue their cyclic activity in the absence of cell division . This event , referred to as endoreduplication , leads to polyploidy , which means an increased number of chromosome sets pe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blastocysts", "uterus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "maternal", "health", "obstetrics", "and", "gynecology", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "departures", "from", "diploidy", "cell", "differentia...	2018	Genome amplification and cellular senescence are hallmarks of human placenta development
The incidence of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Brazil experienced a significant increase since the emergence of dengue virus type-3 ( DENV-3 ) at the early 2000s . Despite the major public health concerns , there have been very few studies of the molecular epidemiology and time-scale of this DENV lineage...	Dengue is a major health problem in the tropics and the incidence of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Brazil experienced a significant increase since the emergence of dengue virus type-3 ( DENV-3 ) . In this study , the authors reconstruct the spatio-temporal dispersion pattern of the DENV-3 lineage that ci...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "virology", "emerging", "viral", "diseases", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "evolution" ]	2012	Origin and Evolution of Dengue Virus Type 3 in Brazil
Dengue is an increasingly incident disease across many parts of the world . In response , an evidence-based handbook to translate research into policy and practice was developed . This handbook facilitates contingency planning as well as the development and use of early warning and response systems for dengue fever epi...	An evidence-based handbook was generated to facilitate deployment of dengue surveillance and response systems for timely and effective management of outbreaks , and to identify the factors required for success . Evidence was evaluated using literature reviews , policymaker and stakeholder interviews , assessment of den...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "global", "health", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "control", "research", "facilities", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "public", "and", "occupational", "health", ...	2016	Dengue Contingency Planning: From Research to Policy and Practice
The neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that the amount of neutral polymorphisms within a species will increase proportionally with the census population size ( Nc ) . However , this prediction has not been borne out in practice: while the range of Nc spans many orders of magnitude , levels of genetic divers...	A fundamental goal of population genetics is to understand why levels of genetic diversity vary among species and populations . Under the assumptions of the neutral model of molecular evolution , the amount of variation present in a population should be directly proportional to the size of the population . However , th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Natural Selection Constrains Neutral Diversity across A Wide Range of Species
The expression of long-term depression ( LTD ) in cerebellar Purkinje cells results from the internalisation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors ( AMPARs ) from the postsynaptic membrane . This process is regulated by a complex signalling pathway involving sustained protein kinase C ( PKC ...	Changes in synaptic strength , which can include long-term potentiation and long-term depression , are important for learning and the encoding of memories across the brain . Long-term depression ( LTD ) , in particular , is thought to be essential for motor learning in the cerebellum , and disruption of this process , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "phosphorylation", "vesicles", "enzymes", "cell", "processes", "enzymology", "phosphatases", "membrane", "receptor", "signaling", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "endosomes", "animal", "cells", "proteins", "exocytosis", "cell", "membranes", "endocytosis", "...	2016	A Computational Model for the AMPA Receptor Phosphorylation Master Switch Regulating Cerebellar Long-Term Depression
The evolutionary timing and spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC ) , one of the most successful groups of bacterial pathogens , remains largely unknown . Here , using mycobacterial tandem repeat sequences as genetic markers , we show that the MTBC consists of two independent clades , one composed exc...	The causative agents of tuberculosis , grouped in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex , have infected one-third of the present human population and a wide range of other mammals . However , paradigmatic questions , such as why , where and when the disease began and expanded , have largely remained unanswered . In th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections", "genetics", "and", "genomics/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics" ]	2008	Origin, Spread and Demography of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) are an abundant and wide class of molecules produced by many tissues and cell types in a variety of mammals , plant and animal species . Linear alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides are among the most widespread membrane-disruptive AMPs in nature , representing a particularly successful s...	In recent years , the increasing and rapid spread of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics especially in hospital settings spurred research for the identification of novel molecules endowed with antimicrobial activities and new mechanisms of action . Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) received an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Antimicrobial Peptides Design by Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization
All cells respond to osmotic stress by implementing molecular signaling events to protect the organism . Failure to properly adapt can lead to pathologies such as hypertension and ischemia-reperfusion injury . Mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) are activated in response to osmotic stress , as well as by signal...	Just as organisms must adapt to a challenging environment , cells must respond to chemical or physical changes that occur within the organism . Regardless of the environmental cue , all cells use molecular signaling pathways to respond to those changes . Many are transmitted by G protein-coupled receptors ( GPCRs ) or ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "phosphorylation", "cellular", "stress", "responses", "second", "messenger", "system", "mechanisms", "of", "signal", "transduction", "cell", "processes", "g-protein", "signaling", "mapk", "signaling", "cascades", "protein", "kinase", "signaling", "cascade", "stress", "s...	2017	Amino acid metabolites that regulate G protein signaling during osmotic stress
Allostery is a fundamental process by which ligand binding to a protein alters its activity at a distinct site . There is growing evidence that allosteric cooperativity can be communicated by modulation of protein dynamics without conformational change . The mechanisms , however , for communicating dynamic fluctuations...	Allostery is a process by which a molecule binding to one site of a protein alters the activity of the protein at another site . Allostery is typically thought to occur through a change in protein structure , but there is now clear evidence that the dynamic properties of a protein can also regulate allostery without a ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Modulation of Global Low-Frequency Motions Underlies Allosteric Regulation: Demonstration in CRP/FNR Family Transcription Factors
Progression of RNA polymerase II ( RNAPII ) transcription relies on the appropriately positioned activities of elongation factors . The resulting profile of factors and chromatin signatures along transcription units provides a “positional information system” for transcribing RNAPII . Here , we investigate a chromatin-b...	Genes represent DNA elements that are transcribed into mRNA . However , the position where transcription actually starts can be dynamically regulated to expand the diversity of RNA isoforms produced from a single gene . Functionally , alternative Transcription Start Sites ( TSSs ) may generate protein isoforms with dif...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "engineering", "and", "technology", "brassica", "dna-binding", "proteins", "dna", "transcription", "plant", "science", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "plant", "genomics", "epigenetics", "plants", "chromatin", "arabidopsis", "...	2019	Transcription-driven chromatin repression of Intragenic transcription start sites
The knowledge of the tertiary structure of RNA loops is important for understanding their functions . In this work we develop an efficient approach named RNApps , specifically designed for predicting the tertiary structure of RNA loops , including hairpin loops , internal loops , and multi-way junction loops . It inclu...	RNA is an important and versatile macromolecule participating in a variety of biological processes . In addition to experimental approaches , computational prediction of 3D structure of RNAs and loops is an alternative and important source of gaining structure information and insights into their functions . The predict...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "particle", "physics", "annealing", "(genetics)", "rna", "structure", "prediction", "atoms", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "protein", "structure", "prediction", "protein", "structure", "composite", "particles", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", ...	2016	Structure Prediction of RNA Loops with a Probabilistic Approach
Due to toxicity and compliance issues and the emergence of resistance to current medications new drugs for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis are needed . A potential approach to developing novel anti-trypanosomal drugs is by inhibition of the 6-oxopurine salvage pathways which synthesise the nucleoside mon...	Human African Trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite , Trypanosoma brucei . Current treatments suffer from low efficacy , toxicity issues and complex medication regimens . Moreover , an alarming number of these parasites are demonstrating resistance to current ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Material", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "rna", "interference", "crystal", "structure", "chemical", "compounds", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "enzymology", "phosphonic", "acids", "nucleotides", "organic", "compounds", "parasitic", "protozoans", "purines", "trypanosoma", "brucei", "protozoans", "epigenetics", ...	2018	Evaluation of the Trypanosoma brucei 6-oxopurine salvage pathway as a potential target for drug discovery
The mosquito is the obligate vector for malaria transmission . To complete its development within the mosquito , the malaria parasite Plasmodium must overcome the protective action of the mosquito innate immune system . Here we report on the involvement of the Anopheles gambiae orthologue of a conserved component of th...	The mosquito innate immune system serves as the primary defense response against invading pathogens , including that of the malaria parasite Plasmodium . The mosquito immune response is remarkably efficient in eliminating the parasite as indicated by the low prevalence of Plasmodium oocysts in wild caught mosquitoes . ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "mosquitoes", "immunity", "vector", "biology", "innate", "immunity", "anopheles", "biology", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "parasitology" ]	2012	Regulation of Anti-Plasmodium Immunity by a LITAF-like Transcription Factor in the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae
Successful control of falciparum malaria depends greatly on treatment with artemisinin combination therapies . Thus , reports that resistance to artemisinins ( ARTs ) has emerged , and that the prevalence of this resistance is increasing , are alarming . ART resistance has recently been linked to mutations in the K13 p...	Resistance to artemisinin antimalarials , some of the most effective antimalarial drugs , has emerged in Southeast Asia , jeopardizing malaria control . We have undertaken a detailed study of artemisinin-sensitive and-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum , the parasite responsible for malaria , taken directly fro...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Targeting the Cell Stress Response of Plasmodium falciparum to Overcome Artemisinin Resistance
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDC ) have been shown to efficiently sense HCV- or HIV-infected cells , using a virion-free pathway . Here , we demonstrate for classical swine fever virus , a member of the Flaviviridae , that this process is much more efficient in terms of interferon-alpha induction when compared to dir...	Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDC ) represent the most potent producers of interferon type I and are therefore of major importance in antiviral defences . A TLR7-dependent induction of interferon-α in pDC by infected cells in the absence of virions has been demonstrated for hepatitis C virus . Here , we show that this...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "veterinary", "diseases", "immune", "cells", "immunity", "veterinary", "virology", "innate", "immunity", "antigen-presenting", "cells", "immunology", "biology", "viral", "diseases", "immunomodulation", "veterinary", "science" ]	2013	Efficient Sensing of Infected Cells in Absence of Virus Particles by Blasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Blocked by the Viral Ribonuclease Erns
The blood–brain barrier ( BBB ) , which forms the interface between the blood and the cerebral parenchyma , has been shown to be disrupted during retroviral-associated neuromyelopathies . Human T Lymphotropic Virus ( HTLV-1 ) Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ( HAM/TSP ) is a slowly progressive neurode...	The blood–brain barrier ( BBB ) forms the interface between the blood and the central nervous system ( CNS ) . BBB disruption is considered to be a key event in the pathogenesis of retroviral-associated neurological diseases . The present paper deals with the susceptibility of the endothelial cells ( i . e . , one of t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "virology/host", "invasion", "and", "cell", "entry" ]	2008	Alteration of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity by Retroviral Infection
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an ancient pathway in metazoans and controls various developmental processes , in particular the establishment and patterning of the embryonic primary axis . In vertebrates , a graded Wnt activity from posterior to anterior endows cells with positional information in the central nervous syste...	The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a system of cell-cell communication . It has an ancient origin in animals and plays multiple roles during embryogenesis and adult life . In particular , it is involved in determining , in the vertebrate embryo , the identity of the different parts of the body and their relative positions al...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "skin", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "integumentary", "system", "in", "situ", "hybridization", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "nervous", "system", "vertebrates", "animals", "developmental", "biology", "epidermis", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "...	2019	Antero-posterior ectoderm patterning by canonical Wnt signaling during ascidian development
Networks are a way to represent interactions among one ( e . g . , social networks ) or more ( e . g . , plant-pollinator networks ) classes of nodes . The ability to predict likely , but unobserved , interactions has generated a great deal of interest , and is sometimes referred to as the link prediction problem . How...	The majority of host-parasite associations are poorly understood or not known at all because the number of associations is so vast . Further , interactions may shift seasonally , or as a function of changing host densities . Consequently , host-parasite networks may be poorly characterized since effects of cryptic host...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "sociology", "social", "sciences", "parasitic", "diseases", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "mathematics", "forecasting", "statistics", ...	2017	Predicting cryptic links in host-parasite networks
Schistosoma mansoni infection is proven to be a major health problem of preschool-age children in sub-Saharan Africa , yet this age category is not part of the schistosomiasis control program . The objective of this study was to compare the impact of single and double dose praziquantel ( PZQ ) treatment on cure rates (...	Intestinal schistosomiasis is a parasitic water borne neglected tropical disease of considerable public health relevance in the tropics and subtropics . In Uganda , approximately 20 million people are at risk of being infected with S . mansoni , which causes intestinal schistosomiasis , and 4 million individuals are es...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Single Versus Double Dose Praziquantel Comparison on Efficacy and Schistosoma mansoni Re-Infection in Preschool-Age Children in Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial
In past years , much attention has focused on the gene networks that regulate early developmental processes , but less attention has been paid to how multiple networks and processes are temporally coordinated . Recently the discovery of the transcriptional activator Zelda ( Zld ) , which binds to CAGGTAG and related se...	Development of a fertilized egg into a multicellular organism comprises a series of precisely timed events initially controlled by factors deposited into the egg . Some of these factors are localized to specific regions of the embryo and instruct cells to adopt certain fates . In this way , these “morphogen” factors le...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "developmental", "biology", "cell", "fate", "determination", "embryology", "organism", "development", "molecular", "development", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "morphogenesis", "pattern", "formation", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "cell", "diff...	2011	Temporal Coordination of Gene Networks by Zelda in the Early Drosophila Embryo
Dysregulated immune responses may contribute to the clinical complications that occur in some patients with dengue . In Vietnamese pediatric dengue cases randomized to early prednisolone therapy , 81 gene-transcripts ( 0 . 2% of the 47 , 231 evaluated ) were differentially abundant in whole-blood between high-dose ( 2 ...	Dengue is an acute , mosquito-borne febrile illness and around 390 million cases occur annually in more than 100 countries . A host pro-inflammatory immune response is widely believed to contribute to the clinical complications that occur in some patients with dengue . Synthetic glucocorticoids , which are immunomodula...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Corticosteroids for Dengue – Why Don't They Work?
Schistosomiasis is one of the most significant diseases in tropical countries and affects almost 200 million people worldwide . The application of molluscicides to eliminate the parasite's intermediate host , Biomphalaria glabrata , from infected water supplies is one strategy currently being used to control the diseas...	Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms of several species of genus Schistosoma that affects almost 200 million people mostly common in Asia , Africa and South America . The transmission is carried out by the parasitic larvae hosted in fresh water snails of the genus Biomphalaria . Considering the socioe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "chemistry", "biology" ]	2013	Schistosomiasis Control Using Piplartine against Biomphalaria glabrata at Different Developmental Stages
Fitness is a parameter used to quantify how well an organism adapts to its environment; in the present study , fitness is a measure of how well strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) replicate in tissue culture . When HIV-1 develops resistance in vitro or in vivo to antiretroviral drugs such as revers...	When human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) develops resistance in vitro or in vivo to antiretroviral drugs such as reverse transcriptase or protease inhibitors , its replicative fitness is often impaired ( i . e . , it grows at a lower rate or to a lesser extent than the parental , inhibitor-sensitive virus ) ....	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "viruses", "infectious", "diseases", "virology", "in", "vitro", "homo", "(human)" ]	2007	Escape of HIV-1 from a Small Molecule CCR5 Inhibitor Is Not Associated with a Fitness Loss
A critical problem in biology is understanding how cells choose between self-renewal and differentiation . To generate a comprehensive view of the mechanisms controlling early hematopoietic precursor self-renewal and differentiation , we used systems-based approaches and murine EML multipotential hematopoietic precurso...	The hematopoietic system has provided a leading model for stem cell studies , and there is great interest in elucidating the mechanisms that control the decision of HSC self-renewal and differentiation . This switch is important for understanding hematopoietic diseases and manipulating HSCs for therapeutic purposes . H...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "developmental", "biology", "stem", "cells", "molecular", "genetics", "gene", "expression", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "hematology", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "cellular", "types", "genomics", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "computational", "bio...	2012	Tcf7 Is an Important Regulator of the Switch of Self-Renewal and Differentiation in a Multipotential Hematopoietic Cell Line
Encoding and decoding in functional magnetic resonance imaging has recently emerged as an area of research to noninvasively characterize the relationship between stimulus features and human brain activity . To overcome the challenge of formalizing what stimulus features should modulate single voxel responses , we intro...	An important but difficult problem in contemporary cognitive neuroscience is to find what stimulus features best drive responses in the human brain . The conventional approach to solve this problem is to use descriptive encoding models that predict responses to stimulus features that are known a priori . In this study ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cognitive", "neuroscience", "functional", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "computational", "neuroscience", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "computational", "biology", "neuroscience", "neuroimaging" ]	2014	Unsupervised Feature Learning Improves Prediction of Human Brain Activity in Response to Natural Images
An enormous number of alternative pre–mRNA splicing patterns in multicellular organisms are coordinately defined by a limited number of regulatory proteins and cis elements . Mutually exclusive alternative splicing should be strictly regulated and is a challenging model for elucidating regulation mechanisms . Here we p...	Tissue-specific and mutually exclusive alternative pre–mRNA splicing is a challenging model for elucidating regulation mechanisms . We previously demonstrated that evolutionarily conserved RBFOX family RNA–binding proteins ASD-1 and FOX-1 and a muscle-specific RNA–binding protein SUP-12 cooperatively direct muscle-spec...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetic", "mutation", "gene", "regulation", "neuroscience", "animal", "models", "caenorhabditis", "elegans", "model", "organisms", "mutation", "types", "molecular", "genetics", "gene", "expression", "gene", "splicing", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "mutagenesis", ...	2013	CELF Family RNA–Binding Protein UNC-75 Regulates Two Sets of Mutually Exclusive Exons of the unc-32 Gene in Neuron-Specific Manners in Caenorhabditis elegans
Hippo signaling acts as a master regulatory pathway controlling growth , proliferation , and apoptosis and also ensures that variations in proliferation do not alter organ size . How the pathway coordinates restricting proliferation with organ size control remains a major unanswered question . Here we identify Rae1 as ...	Exquisite control of organ size is critical during animal development and its loss results in pathological conditions . The Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway coordinates regulation of proliferation , growth , apoptosis , and autophagy to determine and maintain precise control of organ size . However , the genes responsibl...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rna", "interference", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "cloning", "animals", "cell", "differentiation", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "drosophila", "melanogaster...	2016	The Hippo Pathway Targets Rae1 to Regulate Mitosis and Organ Size and to Feed Back to Regulate Upstream Components Merlin, Hippo, and Warts
Blinding trachoma , caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis , is targeted for global elimination by 2020 . Knowledge of risk factors can help target control interventions . As part of a cluster randomised controlled trial , we assessed the baseline prevalence of , and risk factors for , active trachoma an...	Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and is the leading infectious cause of blindness . The World Health Organization's ( WHO ) control strategy includes antibiotic treatment of all community members , facial cleanliness , and environmental improvements . By determining how prevalent trachoma is , decisions can ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "evidence-based", "healthcare/clinical", "decision-making", "ophthalmology/eye", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/epidemiology", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/infectious", "diseases", "in...	2010	Trachoma Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in The Gambia and Tanzania: Baseline Results of a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Achieving a theoretical foundation for malaria elimination will require a detailed understanding of the quantitative relationships between patient treatment-seeking behavior , treatment coverage , and the effects of curative therapies that also block Plasmodium parasite transmission to mosquito vectors . Here , we repo...	We utilize a within-host mathematical model of malaria transmission to predict the effects of antimalarial treatment across the globe . We predict that areas containing 91% of the at-risk population of Southeast Asia can achieve elimination if at least 93–98% of symptomatic individuals are promptly treated with effecti...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "mathematical", "computing", "mathematics", "biology", "microbiology", "parasitology" ]	2014	Modeling Within-Host Effects of Drugs on Plasmodium falciparum Transmission and Prospects for Malaria Elimination
Centrosomes are critical sites for orchestrating microtubule dynamics , and exhibit dynamic changes in size during the cell cycle . As cells progress to mitosis , centrosomes recruit more microtubules ( MT ) to form mitotic bipolar spindles that ensure proper chromosome segregation . We report a new role for ATX-2 , a ...	The microtubule ( MT ) cytoskeleton undergoes dynamic rearrangements during the cell cycle . As the primary microtubule-organizing center , centrosomes orchestrate MT dynamics and play a key role in establishing bipolar spindles in mitosis . Errors in centrosome assembly lead to missegregation of genomic content and an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "rna-binding", "proteins", "centrosomes", "caenorhabditis", "metaphase", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "animals", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "caenorhabditis", "elega...	2016	ATX-2, the C. elegans Ortholog of Human Ataxin-2, Regulates Centrosome Size and Microtubule Dynamics
Mucor circinelloides is a zygomycete fungus and an emerging opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients , especially transplant recipients and in some cases otherwise healthy individuals . We have discovered a novel example of size dimorphism linked to virulence . M . circinelloides is a heterothallic fungus: ...	Mucormycosis is recognized as an emerging infectious disease . Compared to other fungal infections , mucormycosis results in high mortality: ∼50% of overall infections and >90% in disseminated infections . There is therefore an ongoing need to study these fungal pathogens . However , surprisingly little is known about ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "zygomycosis", "fungal", "diseases" ]	2011	Sporangiospore Size Dimorphism Is Linked to Virulence of Mucor circinelloides
A microsphere immunoassay ( MIA ) utilising Luminex xMap technology that is capable of determining leptospirosis IgG and IgM independently was developed . The MIA was validated using 200 human samples submitted for routine leptospirosis serology testing . The traditional microscopic agglutination ( MAT ) method ( now 1...	Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira and affects millions of people , worldwide , each year . Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis currently relies on methods that are flawed in many areas . Current methods are outdated , time consuming and expensive . They rely on a conti...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Validation of a Microsphere Immunoassay for Serological Leptospirosis Diagnosis in Human Serum by Comparison to the Current Gold Standard
Neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy in Taenia solium endemic areas , primarily situated in low-income countries . Diagnosis is largely based upon the “Del Brutto diagnostic criteria” using the definitive/probable/no NCC diagnosis approach . Neuroimaging and specific T . solium cysti...	Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system and a common cause of epilepsy in Taenia solium cysticercosis endemic countries . According to the current diagnostic criteria proposed by Del Brutto and colleagues , the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is mainly based on neuroimaging and detecti...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "neurological", "disorders", "cysticercosis", "neurology", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases" ]	2012	Added Value of Antigen ELISA in the Diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis in Resource Poor Settings

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