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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation ( APA ) results in mRNA isoforms containing different 3’ untranslated regions ( 3’UTRs ) and/or coding sequences . How core cleavage/polyadenylation ( C/P ) factors regulate APA is not well understood . Using siRNA knockdown coupled with deep sequencing , we found that several C...	A gene can express multiple isoforms varying in the 3’ end , a phenomenon called alternative cleavage and polyadenylation , or APA . Previous studies have indicated that most eukaryotic genes display APA and the APA profile changes under different physiological and pathological conditions . However , how APA is regulat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Systematic Profiling of Poly(A)+ Transcripts Modulated by Core 3’ End Processing and Splicing Factors Reveals Regulatory Rules of Alternative Cleavage and Polyadenylation
The Roma population is the largest transnational ethnic minority in Europe , characterized by a linguistic , cultural and historical heterogeneity . Comparative linguistics and genetic studies have placed the origin of European Roma in the Northwest of India . After their migration across Persia , they entered into the...	Human demographic processes and admixture events leave traceable footprints in the genomes of the populations and they can modulate the genetic architecture of complex diseases . Here , we aim to study the Roma people , an admixed population with a particular demographic history recognized as the largest ethnic minorit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "population", "genetics", "geographical", "locations", "india", "ethnicities", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "population", "biology", "genetic", "footprinting", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "europe", "sex", "chromosomes", "chromosome", "biology", "x",...	2019	European Roma groups show complex West Eurasian admixture footprints and a common South Asian genetic origin
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of thousands of distinct mRNAs . While some regulatory interactions help to maintain basal cellular functions , others are likely relevant in more specific settings , such as response to stress . Here we describe such a role for the mir-290-295 cluster...	In this study , we were interested in learning more about the roles of microRNAs—small segments of RNA that help turn off genes—during early development . By studying mouse embryonic stem cells , a unique cell type that can give rise to all adult tissues , we found that a number of genes related to cell survival appear...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "cellular", "stress", "responses", "functional", "genomics", "rna", "interference", "signaling", "networks", "cell", "growth", "sequence", "analysis", "gene", "expression", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "microarrays", "rna", "cell", "biology", "n...	2011	A Latent Pro-Survival Function for the Mir-290-295 Cluster in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
How does pattern formation occur accurately when confronted with tissue growth and stochastic fluctuations ( noise ) in gene expression ? Dorso-ventral ( D-V ) patterning of the mandibular arch specifies upper versus lower jaw skeletal elements through a combination of Bone morphogenetic protein ( Bmp ) , Endothelin-1 ...	Proper development of the body requires boundaries to form between regions in which cells will form different structures , and these boundaries need to be properly organized in space . This must occur accurately even in moving , dividing cells and in the presence of the noise that is inherent in all biochemical process...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "fish", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "engineering", "and", "technology", "signal", "processing", "vertebrates", "animals", "noise", "reduction", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "animal", "models", "organisms", "osteichthyes", "developmental", "biology", "mo...	2018	Modeling craniofacial development reveals spatiotemporal constraints on robust patterning of the mandibular arch
Leprosy is a curable neglected disease of humans caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects the skin and peripheral nerves and manifests clinically in various forms ranging from self-resolving , tuberculoid leprosy to lepromatous leprosy having significant pathology with ensuing disfiguration disability and social sti...	Leprosy is a progressive disease of the skin and nervous system caused by the bacillus , Mycobacterium leprae . Implementation of multiple drug therapy ( MDT ) for leprosy has significantly reduced the global cases of leprosy . Currently , only a few endemic countries remain where relatively high number of cases persis...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "acanthamoeba", "mycobacterium", "leprae", "infectious", "diseases", "bacterial", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "protozoans", "amoebas", "leprosy", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "actinobacteria", "neglected", "tropica...	2014	Long-term Survival and Virulence of Mycobacterium leprae in Amoebal Cysts
Genetic association analyses of rare variants in next-generation sequencing ( NGS ) studies are fundamentally challenging due to the presence of a very large number of candidate variants at extremely low minor allele frequencies . Recent developments often focus on pooling multiple variants to provide association analy...	Next-generation sequencing technologies have allowed genetic association studies of complex traits at the single base-pair resolution , where most genetic variants have extremely low mutation frequencies . These rare variants have been the focus of modern statistical-computational genomics due to their potential to exp...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neuroscience", "cardiovascular", "medicine", "next-generation", "sequencing", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "test", "statistics", "computational", "n...	2016	Rare Variants Association Analysis in Large-Scale Sequencing Studies at the Single Locus Level
Cytochrome c oxidases ( Ccoxs ) are the terminal enzymes of the respiratory chain in mitochondria and most bacteria . These enzymes couple dioxygen ( O2 ) reduction to the generation of a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient . Despite decades of research and the availability of a large amount of structural and...	Cytochrome c oxidases ( Ccoxs ) , the terminal enzymes of the respiratory electron transport chain in eukaryotes and many prokaryotes , are key enzymes in aerobic respiration . These proteins couple the reduction of molecular dioxygen to water with the creation of a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient . Over ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biomacromolecule-ligand", "interactions", "biochemistry", "proteins", "electron", "transport", "chain", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "bioenergetics", "biophysics", "biophysical", "simulations" ]	2014	Exploring O2 Diffusion in A-Type Cytochrome c Oxidases: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Uncover Two Alternative Channels towards the Binuclear Site
Transcriptional regulatory networks play a central role in optimizing cell survival . How DNA binding domains and cis-regulatory DNA binding sequences have co-evolved to allow the expansion of transcriptional networks and how this contributes to cellular fitness remains unclear . Here we experimentally explore how the ...	Cell cycle progression is essential for the division of living cells . The G1/S transition through the cell cycle is promoted by the periodic expression of a large set of genes regulated by a G1/S transcriptional gene network . Despite extensive comparative studies in different eukaryotic organisms , little is known re...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "microbiology", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "syste...	2017	Gene duplication and co-evolution of G1/S transcription factor specificity in fungi are essential for optimizing cell fitness
Thousands of human deaths from rabies occur annually despite the availability of effective vaccines following exposure , and for disease control in the animal reservoir . Our aim was to assess risk factors associated with exposure and to determine why human deaths from endemic canine rabies still occur . Contact tracin...	Thousands of human deaths from rabies occur annually despite availability of effective vaccines for humans following exposure , and for disease control in domestic dog populations . We established a 5-year contact-tracing study in northwest Tanzania to investigate risk factors associated with rabies exposure and to det...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/epidemiology", "and", "control", "of", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", ...	2008	Rabies Exposures, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Deaths in a Region of Endemic Canine Rabies
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is a re-emerging pathogen responsible for causing outbreaks of febrile disease accompanied with debilitating joint pain . Symptoms typically persist for two weeks , but more severe and chronic chikungunya illnesses have been reported , especially in the elderly . Currently , there are no lic...	Chikungunya virus is responsible for outbreaks of febrile illnesses accompanied with debilitating join pain in subtropical and tropical regions of the world . The disease caused by chikungunya virus typically resolves itself within weeks , but may be persistent and more severe in elderly individuals . Currently , there...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2019	Vaccination with a chikungunya virus-like particle vaccine exacerbates disease in aged mice
LIGHT ( TNFSF14 ) is a member of the TNF superfamily involved in inflammation and defence against infection . LIGHT signals via two cell-bound receptors; herpes virus entry mediator ( HVEM ) and lymphotoxin-beta receptor ( LTβR ) . We found that LIGHT is critical for control of hepatic parasite growth in mice with visc...	Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a potentially fatal human disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L . infantum ( chagasi ) . Parasites infect macrophages throughout the viscera , though the spleen and liver are the major sites of disease . VL is responsible for significant morbi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "immunology", "biology" ]	2011	Critical Roles for LIGHT and Its Receptors in Generating T Cell-Mediated Immunity during Leishmania donovani Infection
Cortical folding exhibits both reproducibility and variability in the geometry and topology of its patterns . These two properties are obviously the result of the brain development that goes through local cellular and molecular interactions which have important consequences on the global shape of the cortex . Hypothese...	The anatomical variability of the human brain folds remains an unclear and challenging issue . However it is clear that this variability is the product of the brain development . Several hypotheses coexist for explaining the rapid development of cortical sulci and it is of the highest interest that understanding their ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "mathematics", "neuroscience/neurodevelopment", "developmental", "biology/pattern", "formation" ]	2010	A Reaction-Diffusion Model of Human Brain Development
Synthetic gene oscillators are small , engineered genetic circuits that produce periodic variations in target protein expression . Like other gene circuits , synthetic gene oscillators are noisy and exhibit fluctuations in amplitude and period . Understanding the origins of such variability is key to building predictiv...	A goal of synthetic biology is to design genetic circuits using mathematical models that predict circuit function . However , various sources of noise impact gene regulation in different ways . This hinders the development of accurate mathematical models , especially when single-cell accuracy is required . Here , we fi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Sources of Variability in a Synthetic Gene Oscillator
One major expectation from the transcriptome in humans is to characterize the biological basis of associations identified by genome-wide association studies . So far , few cis expression quantitative trait loci ( eQTLs ) have been reliably related to disease susceptibility . Trans-regulating mechanisms may play a more ...	One major expectation from the transcriptome in humans is to help characterize the biological basis of associations identified by genome-wide association studies . Here , we take advantage of recent technical and methodological advances to examine the influence of natural genetic variability on >12 , 000 genes expresse...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "coronary", "artery", "disease", "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "genome", "expression", "analysis", "medicine", "gene", "networks", "genetic", "networks", "cardiovascular", "genome", "analysis", "tools", "atherosclerosis", "gene", "expression", "biology", "trans...	2011	Integrating Genome-Wide Genetic Variations and Monocyte Expression Data Reveals Trans-Regulated Gene Modules in Humans
Cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) -dependent protein kinase/protein kinase A ( PKA ) is the major transducer of cAMP signalling in eukaryotic cells . Here , using laser scanning confocal microscopy and ‘smart’ anti-phospho PKA antibodies that exclusively detect activated PKA , we provide a detailed in situ analysis of PKA signalling...	Schistosome blood flukes are formidable parasites . They can survive for many years as male-female pairs in the blood vessels of their vertebrate hosts where they copulate and produce large numbers of eggs that become lodged in tissues causing schistosomiasis . Over 200 million people are infected with schistosomes , m...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "signal", "transduction", "infectious", "diseases", "schistosomiasis", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "zoology", "parasitic", "diseases", "helminthology" ]	2013	Functional Mapping of Protein Kinase A Reveals Its Importance in Adult Schistosoma mansoni Motor Activity
Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis caused by a phlebovirus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes . Humans can also be infected through direct contact with blood ( aerosols ) or tissues ( placenta , stillborn ) of infected animals . Although severe clinical cases can be observed , infection with ...	Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a disease transmitted by a mosquito bite ( Aedes ) . Humans can also be infected through direct contact with blood ( aerosols ) or tissues ( placenta , stillborn ) of infected animals . Although severe clinical cases can be observed , infection with RVF virus ( RVFV ) in humans in most case...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/epidemiology", "and", "control", "of", "infectious", "diseases", "virology" ]	2010	Rift Valley Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human Rural Populations of Gabon
The ~9 . 5 kilobase HIV-1 genome contains RNA sequences and structures that control many aspects of viral replication , including transcription , splicing , nuclear export , translation , packaging and reverse transcription . Nonetheless , chemical probing and other approaches suggest that the HIV-1 genome may contain ...	In addition to encoding viral proteins , the HIV-1 genome contains sequence elements that act at the level of RNA to enable replication . We undertook an experiment to discover new RNA elements that act in this way by altering nearly the entire coding sequence of the viral genome so as to change the RNA sequence withou...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "microbial", "mutation", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "293t", "cells", "pathogens", "biological", "cultures", "rna", "extraction", "microbiology", "retroviruses", "viruses", "immunodefic...	2018	Global synonymous mutagenesis identifies cis-acting RNA elements that regulate HIV-1 splicing and replication
Thousands of human genes contain introns ending in NAGNAG ( N any nucleotide ) , where both NAGs can function as 3′ splice sites , yielding isoforms that differ by inclusion/exclusion of three bases . However , few models exist for how such splicing might be regulated , and some studies have concluded that NAGNAG splic...	In order to translate a gene into protein , all of the non-coding regions ( introns ) need to be removed from the transcript and the coding regions ( exons ) stitched back together to make an mRNA . Most human genes are alternatively spliced , allowing the selection of different combinations of exons to produce multipl...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genomics", "genetics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Alternative Splicing of RNA Triplets Is Often Regulated and Accelerates Proteome Evolution
Animals need to continuously adjust their water metabolism to the internal and external conditions . Homeostasis of body fluids thus requires tight regulation of water intake and excretion , and a balance between ingestion of water and solid food . Here , we investigated how these processes are coordinated in Drosophil...	Maintenance of energy and water balance is necessary for survival of all organisms . Even a mild dehydration triggers thirst , reduces appetite , and decreases diuresis ( water excretion ) , thereby promoting conservation of water resources and survival under arid conditions . Homeostasis is regulated primarily by endo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "&", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rna", "interference", "body", "fluids", "neuroscience", "animals", "hormones", "animal", "models", "physiological", "processes", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "homeostasis", "experimental", "...	2018	The thirsty fly: Ion transport peptide (ITP) is a novel endocrine regulator of water homeostasis in Drosophila
Several meiotic processes ensure faithful chromosome segregation to create haploid gametes . Errors to any one of these processes can lead to zygotic aneuploidy with the potential for developmental abnormalities . During prophase I of Drosophila male meiosis , each bivalent condenses and becomes sequestered into discre...	Some of the processes that ensure proper chromosome segregation take place upon the chromosomes themselves . The chromosomes of Drosophila males undergo an interesting and relatively enigmatic step before entering meiosis , where each paired homologous chromosome becomes clustered into a discrete region of the nucleus ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "And", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "biology" ]	2008	Condensin II Resolves Chromosomal Associations to Enable Anaphase I Segregation in Drosophila Male Meiosis
Wnt signaling plays critical roles in dorsoventral fate specification and anteroposterior patterning , as well as in morphogenetic cell movements . Dishevelled proteins , or Dvls , mediate the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin and Wnt/planar cell polarity pathways . There are at least three highly conserved Dvl proteins in v...	The embryogenesis of most animals is first supported by maternal gene products accumulated in the oocyte , and then by the expression of genes from the zygote . In all vertebrates , there are at least three Dishevelled ( Dvl ) proteins , which play critical roles in normal development and human diseases . They are both...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "fish", "in", "situ", "hybridization", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "vertebrates", "animals", "xenopus", "animal", "models", "osteichthyes", "developmental", "biology", "model", "organisms", "amphibians", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "molecular", "biology...	2018	Mutational analysis of dishevelled genes in zebrafish reveals distinct functions in embryonic patterning and gastrulation cell movements
A cascade of alternative sigma factors directs developmental gene expression during spore formation by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis . As the spore develops , a tightly regulated switch occurs in which the early-acting sigma factor σF is replaced by the late-acting sigma factor σG . The gene encoding σG ( sigG ) is t...	Global changes in gene expression occur during normal cellular growth and development , as well as during cancer cell transformation and bacterial pathogenesis . In this study we have investigated the molecular mechanisms that drive the switch from early to late developmental gene expression during spore formation by t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "pathogens", "cell", "processes", "bacillus", "microbiology", "messenger", "rna", "dna", "transcrip...	2018	Transcription and translation of the sigG gene is tuned for proper execution of the switch from early to late gene expression in the developing Bacillus subtilis spore
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamical protein network that plays a central role in numerous cellular physiological processes , and is traditionally divided into three components according to its chemical composition , i . e . actin , tubulin and intermediate filament cytoskeletons . Understanding the cytoskeleton dyna...	We propose a novel actin filaments cytoskeleton analysis framework that allows extracting quasi-straight individual fibers in a robust manner , and provides their respective position , orientation , and length as output . The proposed framework is defined as a three-steps processing sequence , that can explicitly cope ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "cell", "motility", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "actin", "filaments", "classical", "mechanics", "engineering", "and", "technology", "signal", "processing", "mechanical", "stress", "osteoblasts", "materials", "science", "connective", "tissue", "cells", "cell...	2016	A Robust Actin Filaments Image Analysis Framework
A substantial genetic contribution to systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) risk is conferred by major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) gene ( s ) on chromosome 6p21 . Previous studies in SLE have lacked statistical power and genetic resolution to fully define MHC influences . We characterized 1 , 610 Caucasian SLE ca...	Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and involvement of multiple organ systems . Although the cause of SLE remains unknown , several lines of evidence underscore the importance of genetic factors . As is true for most autoimmune diseases , a substantial ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "rheumatology/connective", "tissue", "disease", "genetics", "and", "genomics/genetics", "of", "the", "immune", "system", "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits", "rheumatology/systemic", "lupus", "erythematosos", "rheumatology/autoimmunity,", "autoimmune,", "and", "in...	2009	High-Density SNP Screening of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Demonstrates Strong Evidence for Independent Susceptibility Regions
Schistosomiasis mansoni is a debilitating and sometimes fatal disease . Accurate diagnosis plays a key role in patient management and infection control . However , currently available parasitological methods are laborious and lack sensitivity . The selection of target antigen candidates has turned out to be a promising...	Schistosomiasis mansoni is a debilitating and sometimes fatal disease that affects many individuals in Africa and Brazil . Currently available diagnostic methods are not sensitive for patients with low parasite load which leads to underreported cases . The selection of target diagnostic antigen candidates is a promisin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "diagnostic", "medicine", "clinical", "immunology", "immunology" ]	2013	New Approaches with Different Types of Circulating Cathodic Antigen for the Diagnosis of Patients with Low Schistosoma mansoni Load
The fucosylated ABH antigens , which constitute the molecular basis for the ABO blood group system , are also expressed in salivary secretions and gastrointestinal epithelia in individuals of positive secretor status; however , the biological function of the ABO blood group system is unknown . Gastric mucosa biopsies o...	The common ABO blood group antigen system was described in the early 20th century . In addition , it has been known for 60 years that the majority of individuals also express the corresponding ABO antigens ( carbohydrate identity tags ) in their saliva , tears , milk , and mucus secretions in the digestive tract . To t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "primates", "biochemistry", "infectious", "diseases", "in", "vitro", "immunology", "homo", "(human)" ]	2008	Role of ABO Secretor Status in Mucosal Innate Immunity and H. pylori Infection
HSV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic encephalitis in humans . HSV infection of susceptible 129S6 mice results in fatal encephalitis ( HSE ) caused by massive inflammatory brainstem lesions comprising monocytes and neutrophils . During infection with pathogenic microorganisms or autoimmune disease , IgGs induce proinf...	We show that fatal HSV encephalitis ( HSE ) is caused by excessive brainstem inflammation . Once brainstem inflammation is initiated , antiviral drugs that inhibit only viral replication are ineffective in protecting against fatal HSE . Infusion of high doses of pooled human IgG ( IVIG ) is an effective anti-inflammato...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunomodulation", "immunopathology", "animal", "models", "of", "infection", "pathogenesis", "immunity", "virology", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "autoimmunity", "immune", "response", "immunoglobulins" ]	2011	Passively Administered Pooled Human Immunoglobulins Exert IL-10 Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Effects that Protect against Fatal HSV Encephalitis
Complement Receptor 3 ( CR3 ) and Toll-like Receptor 2 ( TLR2 ) are pattern recognition receptors expressed on the surface of human macrophages . Although these receptors are essential components for recognition by the innate immune system , pathogen coordinated crosstalk between them can suppress the production of pro...	In the current work we construct a highly contextual model of membrane-proximal crosstalk between the ERK and PI3K cascades that is initiated through contact with F . tularensis . The model is used to test the hypothesis that phagocytic signaling downstream from CR3 is responsible for an early inhibition of ERK activit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "immunology", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "bacterial", "diseases", "immunomodulation", "bacterial", "pathogens", "infectious", "diseases", "biology", "infectious", "disease", "modeling", "immune", "response", "computer", "science", "immunity", ...	2012	A Mathematical Model of CR3/TLR2 Crosstalk in the Context of Francisella tularensis Infection
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) activity has recently been detected in the Kordufan region of Sudan . Since 2008 , several sporadic cases and nosocomial outbreaks associated with high case-fatality have been reported in villages and rural hospitals in the region . In the present study , we describe a cluster o...	The tick-borne virus which causes the disease Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) is known to be widely distributed throughout much of Africa , Southern Europe , the Middle East , Central Asia , and Southern Russia . Humans contract the virus from contact with infected people , infected animals ( which do not show...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "viral", "hemorrhagic", "fevers", "infectious", "diseases", "crimean-congo", "hemorrhagic", "fever", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biology", "genomics", "viral", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	Multiple Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains Are Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Sudan, 2008–2009
Huntington's disease ( HD ) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin ( Htt ) protein . Neuronal toxicity in HD is thought to be , at least in part , a consequence of protein interactions involving mutant Htt . We therefore hypothesized that genetic modifier...	Huntington's Disease ( HD ) is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disease , which typically begins in middle age and progresses with symptoms of severe uncontrolled movements and cognitive dysfunction . HD is uniformly fatal with death occurring ten to 15 years after onset of symptoms . There is currently no effective...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "homo", "(human)", "in", "vitro", "computational", "biology", "mus", "(mouse)", "neuroscience", "drosophila", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "saccharomyces" ]	2007	Huntingtin Interacting Proteins Are Genetic Modifiers of Neurodegeneration
Taenia solium is an important zoonosis in many developing countries . Cysticercosis poses a serious public health risk and incurs sizeable economic losses to pig production . Because data on the epidemiology of porcine cysticercosis in Mozambique are scarce , the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence ...	Porcine cysticercosis is an infection of pigs caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium , a tapeworm that causes taeniosis in humans . The disease is very common in pigs from many developing countries around the world and poses a serious public health risk and causes significant economic losses in pig production . In...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Material", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/epidemiology", "infectious", "diseases/helminth", "infections" ]	2010	Prevalence and Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Angónia District, Mozambique
Calcium is vital to the normal functioning of multiple organ systems and its serum concentration is tightly regulated . Apart from CASR , the genes associated with serum calcium are largely unknown . We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 39 , 400 individuals from 17 population-based cohorts and invest...	Calcium is vital to many biological processes and its serum concentration is tightly regulated . Family studies have shown that serum calcium is under strong genetic control . Apart from CASR , the genes associated with serum calcium are largely unknown . We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 39 , 400...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Six New Loci for Serum Calcium Concentrations
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue leading to chronic necrotizing skin ulcers . The causative pathogen , Mycobacterium ulcerans , grows best at 30°C–33°C and not above 37°C . We explored the safety , tolerability and efficacy of phase change material ( PCM ) , a novel heat application system...	Buruli ulcer is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue leading to chronic necrotizing skin ulcers . The causative pathogen , Mycobacterium ulcerans , grows best at 30°C–33°C and not above 37°C , and this property makes the application of heat a treatment option . We achieved a breakthrough in heat treatment of Buruli ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases" ]	2009	Phase Change Material for Thermotherapy of Buruli Ulcer: A Prospective Observational Single Centre Proof-of-Principle Trial
As many neglected tropical diseases are co-endemic and have common risk factors , integrated control can efficiently reduce disease burden and relieve resource-strained public health budgets . Diarrheal diseases and dengue fever are major global health problems sharing common risk factors in water storage containers . ...	Many tropical diseases co-occur in the same areas and have overlapping risk factors and strategies for control and prevention . Therefore , integrating several diseases in control activities can be both effective and cost-efficient . We evaluated sets of diarrhea and dengue interventions in rural primary schools in Col...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "water", "resources", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "education", "sociology", "social", "sciences", "animals", "health", "care", "diarrhea", "signs",...	2016	A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Diarrheal Disease and Dengue Entomological Risk Factors in Rural Primary Schools in Colombia
Conditions of chronic stress are associated with genetic instability in many organisms , but the roles of stress responses in mutagenesis have so far been elucidated only in bacteria . Here , we present data demonstrating that the environmental stress response ( ESR ) in yeast functions in mutagenesis induced by proteo...	Cellular capability to mutate its DNA plays an important role in evolution and impinges on medical issues , including acquisition of mutator phenotypes by cancer cells and emergence of drug-resistant pathogens . Whether and how the environment affects rates of mutation has been studied predominantly in the context of e...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cellular", "stress", "responses", "genetic", "mutation", "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "gene", "function" ]	2013	The Yeast Environmental Stress Response Regulates Mutagenesis Induced by Proteotoxic Stress
Upon telomerase inactivation , telomeres gradually shorten with each cell division until cells enter replicative senescence . In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the kinases Mec1/ATR and Tel1/ATM protect the genome during pre-senescence by preventing telomere-telomere fusions ( T-TFs ) and the subsequent genetic instability ...	Telomere shortening upon telomerase inactivation leads to an irreversible cell division arrest known as replicative senescence , which is considered as a tumor suppressor mechanism . Since pre-senescence is critical for tissue homeostasis , cells are endowed with recombination mechanisms that facilitate the replication...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "cell", "fusion", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "dna-binding", "proteins", "organisms", "telomeres", "fungi", "dna", "epigenetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "chromatin", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "telome...	2018	Histone depletion prevents telomere fusions in pre-senescent cells
A major aim of evolutionary biology is to explain the respective roles of adaptive versus non-adaptive changes in the evolution of complexity . While selection is certainly responsible for the spread and maintenance of complex phenotypes , this does not automatically imply that strong selection enhances the chance for ...	Since the early days of theoretical population genetics . scientists have debated the role of population size in shaping evolutionary dynamics . Do large populations possess an evolutionary advantage towards complexity due to the strength of natural selection in these populations ? Or do small populations have the adva...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "organismal", "evolution", "genome", "evolution", "insertion", "mutation", "microbiology", "mutation", "microbial", "evolution", "population", "biology", "genome", "complexity", "molecular", "evolution", "evolutionary", "genetics", "population", "metrics", "population", "si...	2016	Different Evolutionary Paths to Complexity for Small and Large Populations of Digital Organisms
In many applications , one is interested in determining which of the properties of a network module change across conditions . For example , to validate the existence of a module , it is desirable to show that it is reproducible ( or preserved ) in an independent test network . Here we study several types of network pr...	In network applications , one is often interested in studying whether modules are preserved across multiple networks . For example , to determine whether a pathway of genes is perturbed in a certain condition , one can study whether its connectivity pattern is no longer preserved . Non-preserved modules can either be b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "computational", "biology/systems", "biology", "computational", "biology/genomics" ]	2011	Is My Network Module Preserved and Reproducible?
In the pathogenic bacterium Bacillus anthracis , virulence requires induced expression of the anthrax toxin and capsule genes . Elevated CO2/bicarbonate levels , an indicator of the host environment , provide a signal ex vivo to increase expression of virulence factors , but the mechanism underlying induction and its r...	Hospital-acquired bacterial infections are a growing public health concern . The bacteria responsible for these infections are often resistant to multiple antibiotics , making the problem of nosocomial infections even more dramatic and the need for new antibacterial treatment more urgent . Bacteria rely on a variety of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "function", "microbiology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "microbiology" ]	2008	The Bicarbonate Transporter Is Essential for Bacillus anthracis Lethality
Therapeutic response in infectious disease involves host as well as microbial determinants . Because the immune and inflammatory response to Leishmania ( Viannia ) species defines the outcome of infection and efficacy of treatment , immunomodulation is considered a promising therapeutic strategy . However , since Leish...	Host determinants of the response to infection have increasingly been recognized as therapeutically relevant targets . Despite the pathogenesis of dermal leishmaniasis being mediated by the immune and inflammatory response , in vitro anti-leishmanial drug screening has been based on antimicrobial effect without conside...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Ex Vivo Host and Parasite Response to Antileishmanial Drugs and Immunomodulators
Both malnutrition and undernutrition can lead to compromised immune defense in a diversity of animals , and “nutritional immunology” has been suggested as a means of understanding immunity and determining strategies for fighting infection . The genetic basis for the effects of diet on immunity , however , has been larg...	Previous studies have indicated that dietary nutrition influences immune defense in a variety of animals , but the mechanistic and genetic basis for that influence is largely unknown . We use the model insect Drosophila melanogaster to conduct an unbiased genome-wide mapping study to identify genes responsible for vari...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Complex Contributions of Genetics and Nutrition to Immunity in Drosophila melanogaster
The AP-5 adaptor protein complex is presumed to function in membrane traffic , but so far nothing is known about its pathway or its cargo . We have used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out the AP-5 ζ subunit gene , AP5Z1 , in HeLa cells , and then analysed the phenotype by subcellular fractionation profiling and quantitative mass...	Eukaryotic cells contain multiple membrane-bound compartments , each with a distinct function and molecular composition . Proteins are transported from one compartment to another by vesicular carriers . Formation of these carriers requires coat proteins , which both shape the membrane into a vesicle and select the prot...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "spectrometric", "identification", "of", "proteins", "lysosomes", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "vesicles", "hela", "cells", "biological", "cultures", "light", "microscopy", "stable", "isotope", "labeling", "by", "amino", "acids", "in", "cell", "culture", ...	2018	Role of the AP-5 adaptor protein complex in late endosome-to-Golgi retrieval
Local transmission of Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) was first documented in Trinidad and Tobago ( T&T ) in July 2014 preceding a large epidemic . At initial presentation , it is difficult to distinguish chikungunya fever ( CHIKF ) from other acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses ( AUFIs ) , including life-threatening ...	Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) recently emerged in the Americas and caused a major epidemic of chikungunya fever ( CHIKF ) . While not usually life threatening , CHIKF is a debilitating and often chronic illness resulting in major morbidity and economic losses . It is difficult to distinguish CHIKF from other viral illnes...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Molecular Characterisation of Chikungunya Virus Infections in Trinidad and Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Features with Dengue and Other Acute Febrile Cases
Fasciolosis , due to Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica , is a re-emerging zoonotic parasitic disease of worldwide importance . Human and animal infections are commonly diagnosed by the traditional sedimentation and faecal egg-counting technique . However , this technique is time-consuming and prone to sensitivit...	Fasciolosis caused by infection with F . hepatica , F . gigantica and their hybrid strains is an important health issue in medical and veterinary sciences . The economic impacts of infection and disease on production animals is of particular concern in low-income rural areas of developing countries , including in South...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ruminants", "helminths", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "trematodes", "veterinary", "diagnostics", "materials", "science", "materials", "physics", "sedimentation", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "veteri...	2017	Scrambled eggs: A highly sensitive molecular diagnostic workflow for Fasciola species specific detection from faecal samples
Since 2003 , more than 380 cases of H5N1 influenza virus infection of humans have been reported . Although the resultant disease in these cases was often severe or fatal , transmission of avian influenza viruses between humans is rare . The precise nature of the barrier blocking human-to-human spread is unknown . It is...	To cause a pandemic , an influenza virus must transmit efficiently from human to human . The viral factors that enable person-to-person spread of influenza viruses remain elusive . Using the guinea pig , an animal which we have previously shown to model the human transmission of influenza , we have identified two speci...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection", "virology" ]	2009	Transmission of Influenza Virus in a Mammalian Host Is Increased by PB2 Amino Acids 627K or 627E/701N
DNA repair is essential to maintain genome integrity , and genes with roles in DNA repair are frequently mutated in a variety of human diseases . Repair via homologous recombination typically restores the original DNA sequence without introducing mutations , and a number of genes that are required for homologous recomb...	All cells in our bodies have to cope with numerous lesions to their DNA . Cells use a battery of genes to repair DNA and maintain genome integrity . Given the importance of an intact genome , it is not surprising that genes with roles in DNA repair are mutated in many human diseases . Here , we present the results of a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neurological", "disorders", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "function", "molecular", "biology/dna", "repair", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics" ]	2010	A Genome-Scale DNA Repair RNAi Screen Identifies SPG48 as a Novel Gene Associated with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Human behavior has long been recognized to display hierarchical structure: actions fit together into subtasks , which cohere into extended goal-directed activities . Arranging actions hierarchically has well established benefits , allowing behaviors to be represented efficiently by the brain , and allowing solutions to...	In order to accomplish everyday tasks , we often divide them up into subtasks: to make spaghetti , we ( 1 ) get out a pot , ( 2 ) fill it with water , ( 3 ) bring the water to a boil , and so forth . But how do we learn to subdivide our goals in this way ? Work from computer science suggests that the way a task is subd...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "psychology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "social", "sciences", "computerized", "simulations" ]	2014	Optimal Behavioral Hierarchy
Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral infection to affect humans . Although it usually manifests as a self-limited febrile illness , complications may occur as the fever subsides . A systemic vascular leak syndrome that sometimes progresses to life-threatening hypovolaemic shock is the most serious complica...	Dengue is a very common , potentially serious , mosquito-borne viral infection . The spectrum of clinical disease is broad . Dengue shock syndrome ( DSS ) , seen primarily in children , is the most serious life-threatening manifestation . Early identification of children presenting with dengue who are likely to develop...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "children", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "vomiting", "blood", "counts", "pediatrics", "physiological", "processes", "age", "groups", "mathematics", "forecasting", "statistics",...	2017	The value of daily platelet counts for predicting dengue shock syndrome: Results from a prospective observational study of 2301 Vietnamese children with dengue
Cetaceans have a long history of commitment to a fully aquatic lifestyle that extends back to the Eocene . Extant species have evolved a spectacular array of adaptations in conjunction with their deployment into a diverse array of aquatic habitats . Sensory systems are among those that have experienced radical transfor...	The emergence of Cetacea ( whales , dolphins , porpoises ) represents a profound transition in the history of life . Living cetaceans have evolved a spectacular array of adaptations in association with their return to aquatic habitats . Aquatic environments impose challenging constraints on sensory systems , including ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "zoology", "marine", "biology" ]	2013	Rod Monochromacy and the Coevolution of Cetacean Retinal Opsins
Soil-transmitted helminths ( STHs ) are the most prevalent intestinal helminths of humans , and a major cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries . The benzimidazole ( BZ ) drugs albendazole ( ABZ ) and mebendazole ( MBZ ) are used for treatment of human STH infections and this use is increasing dramatic...	Hookworms are amongst the major STHs and the second most prevalent intestinal helminth of humans . Large-scale treatment with the benzimidazoles ( BZs ) albendazole or mebendazole is the major control strategy against STHs in mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs . Prolonged and repeated treatment with the same ant...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "helminths", "hookworms", "animals", "plasmid", "construction", "necator", "americanus", "organisms", "developmental", "biology", "dna", "construction", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "genotyping", "extraction", "techniques", "research", "and", "anal...	2016	Isothermal Diagnostic Assays for Monitoring Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Necator americanus Associated with Benzimidazole Drug Resistance
Understanding the molecular basis for phenotypic differences between humans and other primates remains an outstanding challenge . Mutations in non-coding regulatory DNA that alter gene expression have been hypothesized as a key driver of these phenotypic differences . This has been supported by differential gene expres...	The human genome shares a remarkable amount of genomic sequence with our closest living primate relatives . Researchers have long sought to understand what regions of the genome are responsible for unique species-specific traits . Previous studies have shown that many genes are differentially expressed between species ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genomics", "functional", "genomics", "genome", "evolution", "chromosome", "biology", "genomic", "evolution", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "comparative", "genomics", "chromatin", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Extensive Evolutionary Changes in Regulatory Element Activity during Human Origins Are Associated with Altered Gene Expression and Positive Selection
The current knowledge of immunological responses to schistosomiasis , a major tropical helminthic disease , is insufficient , and a better understanding of these responses would support vaccine development or therapies to control granuloma-associated immunopathology . CD4+ T cells play critical roles in both host immun...	Th17 immune cells secrete the IL-17 cytokine and contribute to host defenses against certain infections . Recent studies linked IL-17 with the severity of liver inflammation and suggested that Th17 cells contribute to the pathology in schistosomiasis , a serious disease caused by parasitic worms such as Schistosoma jap...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "schistosomiasis", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases" ]	2011	Dynamics of Th17 Cells and Their Role in Schistosoma japonicum Infection in C57BL/6 Mice
Ebolavirus ( EBOV ) , the causative agent of a severe hemorrhagic fever and a biosafety level 4 pathogen , increases its genome coding capacity by producing multiple transcripts encoding for structural and nonstructural glycoproteins from a single gene . This is achieved through RNA editing , during which non-template ...	Ebola virus ( EBOV ) causes severe hemorrhagic fever with case fatality rates of up to 90% and no therapy or vaccine currently available . A better understanding of the EBOV life cycle is important to develop new countermeasures against this virus; however , research with live EBOV is restricted to high containment lab...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Ebola Virus RNA Editing Depends on the Primary Editing Site Sequence and an Upstream Secondary Structure
Intracellular infection and multi-organ colonization by the protozoan parasite , Trypanosoma cruzi , underlie the complex etiology of human Chagas disease . While T . cruzi can establish cytosolic residence in a broad range of mammalian cell types , the molecular mechanisms governing this process remain poorly understo...	The development of human Chagas disease is associated with persistent intracellular infection with the protozoan parasite , Trypanosoma cruzi , which displays tropism for tissues with characteristically high fatty acid flux , such as heart and adipose tissues . Previous studies have highlighted fatty acid metabolism as...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "microbiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "protozoan", "life", "cycles", "parasitic", "protozoans", "developmental", "biology", "protozoans", "lipid", "analysis", "lipids", "life", "cyc...	2017	Host triacylglycerols shape the lipidome of intracellular trypanosomes and modulate their growth
Division of labor has been studied separately from a proximate self-organization and an ultimate evolutionary perspective . We aim to bring together these two perspectives . So far this has been done by choosing a behavioral mechanism a priori and considering the evolution of the properties of this mechanism . Here we ...	In insect colonies , different individuals specialize in different tasks related to colony maintenance and growth . Unveiling why this division of labor evolved and how individuals decide which task to take on is crucial for our understanding of complex group behavior . Here we model the evolution of general behavioral...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "forms", "of", "evolution", "theoretical", "biology", "biology", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "evolutionary", "processes" ]	2012	Implications of Behavioral Architecture for the Evolution of Self-Organized Division of Labor
Field studies were done of the responses of Glossina palpalis palpalis in Côte d'Ivoire , and G . p . gambiensis and G . tachinoides in Burkina Faso , to odours from humans , cattle and pigs . Responses were measured either by baiting ( 1 . ) biconical traps or ( 2 . ) electrocuting black targets with natural host odou...	Sleeping sickness , otherwise known as Human African Trypanosomiasis , continues to be a serious threat to human health . This disease , which is transmitted by tsetse flies , normally afflicts poor and isolated communities . No vaccines or prophylactic drugs are available to prevent the disease , which , once it has b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases" ]	2010	Prospects for the Development of Odour Baits to Control the Tsetse Flies Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis s.l.
INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 ( ICE1 ) encodes a MYC-like basic helix-loop-helix ( bHLH ) transcription factor playing a critical role in plant responses to chilling and freezing stresses and leaf stomata development . However , no information connecting ICE1 and reproductive development has been reported . In this study...	INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 ( ICE1 ) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor playing multiple roles in Arabidopsis . It was initially identified as the activator of C-Repeat Binding Factor 3 ( CBF3 ) , a core modulator triggering cold acclimation . ICE1 also activates Flowering Locus C ( FLC ) , a major repres...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "plant", "anatomy", "stem", "anatomy", "guard", "cells", "plant", "cell", "biology", "stomata", "pollen", "plant", "science", "plants", "flowering", "plants", "flower", "anatomy", "anthers", "leaves", "stamens", "flowers", "plant", "cells", "eukaryota", "cell", "b...	2018	INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 is a male fertility regulator impacting anther dehydration in Arabidopsis
Advances in vertebrate genomics have uncovered thousands of loci encoding long noncoding RNAs ( lncRNAs ) . While progress has been made in elucidating the regulatory functions of lncRNAs , little is known about their origins and evolution . Here we explore the contribution of transposable elements ( TEs ) to the makeu...	An unexpected layer of complexity in the genomes of humans and other vertebrates lies in the abundance of genes that do not appear to encode proteins but produce a variety of non-coding RNAs . In particular , the human genome is currently predicted to contain 5 , 000–10 , 000 independent gene units generating long ( >2...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "sequence", "analysis", "genome", "complexity", "functional", "genomics", "genome", "evolution", "gene", "regulation", "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "comparative", "genomics", "biology", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology", "genomic", "evolution", "computational", ...	2013	Transposable Elements Are Major Contributors to the Origin, Diversification, and Regulation of Vertebrate Long Noncoding RNAs
The objectives of this study were to assess the heterogeneities of estimates and to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in animals and humans in Ethiopia . Data from 70 studies covering 75879 animals and 2223 humans were extracted . Rose Bengal Plate Test ( RBPT ) and Complement Fixation Test ( CFT ) in series w...	Brucellosis is one of the neglected zoonotic diseases with major outcomes of reproductive wastage in livestock and debilitating illnesses in humans . Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries with the largest animal and second largest human population . The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ "livestock", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "ruminants", "pathogens", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "brucellosis", "bacterial", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "dis...	2016	Brucellosis Seropositivity in Animals and Humans in Ethiopia: A Meta-analysis
A tight regulation of transcription factor activity is critical for proper development . For instance , modifications of RUNX transcription factors dosage are associated with several diseases , including hematopoietic malignancies . In Drosophila , Myeloid Leukemia Factor ( MLF ) has been shown to control blood cell de...	Tight regulation of proteins level is required for proper development . Notably , the aberrant expression of key transcription factors or signaling pathway components controlling blood cell development contributes to hematological diseases such as leukemia . In this report , we use Drosophila as a model to study the fu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "invertebrates", "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "animals", "notch", "signaling", "cell", "differentiation", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "crystals", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "or...	2017	Control of RUNX-induced repression of Notch signaling by MLF and its partner DnaJ-1 during Drosophila hematopoiesis
Fragile X syndrome ( FXS ) , the most common form of inherited mental retardation , is caused by the loss of functional fragile X mental retardation protein ( FMRP ) . FMRP is an RNA–binding protein that can regulate the translation of specific mRNAs . Adult neurogenesis , a process considered important for neuroplasti...	Fragile X syndrome , the most common cause of inherited mental retardation , results from the loss of functional Fragile X mental retardation protein ( FMRP ) . FMRP is an RNA–binding protein and is known to bind to specific mRNAs and to regulate their translation both in vitro and in vivo . Adult neurogenesis , a proc...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/disease", "models", "genetics", "and", "genomics/animal", "genetics" ]	2010	Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells
Genetic structure in the European American population reflects waves of migration and recent gene flow among different populations . This complex structure can introduce bias in genetic association studies . Using Principal Components Analysis ( PCA ) , we analyze the structure of two independent European American data...	Genetic association studies search to identify disease susceptibility genes through the analysis of genetic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in large numbers of cases and controls . In such settings , the existence of sub-structure in the population under study ( i . e . differences in ancestry ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/genomics", "computer", "science/applications", "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits", "computer", "science/numerical", "analysis", "and", "theoretical", "computing", "genetics", "and", "genomics/bioinformatics", "genetics", "and", "genom...	2008	Tracing Sub-Structure in the European American Population with PCA-Informative Markers
Genetic recombination contributes to the diversity of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV-1 ) . Productive HIV-1 recombination is , however , dependent on both the number of HIV-1 genomes per infected cell and the genetic relationship between these viral genomes . A detailed analysis of the number of proviruses and thei...	One of the greatest challenges facing treatment and vaccine development for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV-1 ) is the genetic diversity of the virus . One of the main factors contributing to HIV-1 diversity is recombination between two genetically different viral RNA genomes that enter a cell in the same virion . S...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases" ]	2013	Single Cell Analysis of Lymph Node Tissue from HIV-1 Infected Patients Reveals that the Majority of CD4+ T-cells Contain One HIV-1 DNA Molecule
Stabilization of neurotransmitter receptors at postsynaptic specializations is a key step in the assembly of functional synapses . Drosophila Neto ( Neuropillin and Tolloid-like protein ) is an essential auxiliary subunit of ionotropic glutamate receptor ( iGluR ) complexes required for the iGluRs clustering at the neu...	Synapse development is initiated by genetic programs , but is coordinated by neuronal activity , by communication between the pre- and postsynaptic compartments , and by cellular signals that integrate the status of the whole organisms and its developmental progression . The molecular mechanisms underlining these proce...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Prodomain Removal Enables Neto to Stabilize Glutamate Receptors at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction
Mass treatment with ivermectin is a proven strategy for controlling onchocerciasis as a public health problem , but it is not known if it can also interrupt transmission and eliminate the parasite in endemic foci in Africa where vectors are highly efficient . A longitudinal study was undertaken in three hyperendemic fo...	The control of onchocerciasis , or river blindness , is based on annual or six-monthly ivermectin treatment of populations at risk . This has been effective in controlling the disease as a public health problem , but it is not known whether it can also eliminate infection and transmission to the extent that treatment c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/epidemiology", "and", "control", "of", "infectious", "diseases" ]	2009	Feasibility of Onchocerciasis Elimination with Ivermectin Treatment in Endemic Foci in Africa: First Evidence from Studies in Mali and Senegal
Many aspects of behavior and physiology are under circadian control . In Drosophila , the molecular clock that regulates rhythmic patterns of behavior has been extensively characterized . In contrast , genetic loci involved in linking the clock to alterations in motor activity have remained elusive . In a forward-genet...	In most organisms , endogenous circadian clocks help to restrict adaptive activities such as foraging and mating to ecologically appropriate periods of the day–night cycle . The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a crucial genetic model system for understanding the molecular underpinnings of the clock . Here , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "neuroscience", "animal", "genetics", "genetic", "screens", "genetics", "biology", "neuroscience", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	dyschronic, a Drosophila Homolog of a Deaf-Blindness Gene, Regulates Circadian Output and Slowpoke Channels
Stable low pre-control prevalences of helminth infection are not uncommon in field settings , yet it is poorly understood how such low levels can be sustained , thereby challenging efforts to model them . Disentangling possible facilitating mechanisms is important , since these may differently affect intervention impac...	Most mathematical models for parasitic worm infections predict that at low prevalences transmission will fade out spontaneously because of the low mating probability of male and female worms . However , sustained low prevalence situations do exist in reality . Low prevalence areas have become of particular interest now...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "helminths", "tropical", "diseases", "mathematical", "models", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "pharmaceutics", "sexually", "transmitted", "diseases", "drug", "administration", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases"...	2018	The effect of assortative mixing on stability of low helminth transmission levels and on the impact of mass drug administration: Model explorations for onchocerciasis
Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) are limited , with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles . Here , we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapi...	Trypanosoma brucei , the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis , is coated with a dense layer of the variant surface glycoprotein ( VSG ) , which plays an essential role in antigenic variation and the ability of the parasite to evade the immune system . VSGs are N-glycosylated with complex and/or mannose-rich N-gl...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cell", "processes", "microbiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "animal", "models", "model", "organisms", "protozoans", "glycosylation", "pharmacology", "glycoproteins", "research", "and", "analysis", "meth...	2016	Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models
Released by many eukaryotic cells , the exosomes are 40–100 nm vesicles shown to operate over the complex processes of cell-cell communication . Among the metazoan cell lineages known to generate exosomes is the mononuclear phagocyte lineage , a lineage that parasites such as Leishmania are known to subvert as host cel...	Secreted vesicles , such as exosomes , are now considered as an important route of communication among eukaryotic cells . Depending on the donor cell source and protein content , these vesicles are expected to distinctly impact the recipient cell properties . Here , three groups of exosomes released by the mouse macrop...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "immune", "cells", "protein", "interactions", "immunology", "microbiology", "protein", "abundance", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitology", "parastic", "protozoans", "leishmania", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "immunomodulation", "infectious", "diseases", ...	2013	Immunomodulatory Impact of Leishmania-Induced Macrophage Exosomes: A Comparative Proteomic and Functional Analysis
Inferring connectivity in neuronal networks remains a key challenge in statistical neuroscience . The “common input” problem presents a major roadblock: it is difficult to reliably distinguish causal connections between pairs of observed neurons versus correlations induced by common input from unobserved neurons . Avai...	Optical imaging of the activity in a neuronal network is limited by the scanning speed of the imaging device . Therefore , typically , only a small fixed part of the network is observed during the entire experiment . However , in such an experiment , it can be hard to infer from the observed activity patterns whether (...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Efficient "Shotgun" Inference of Neural Connectivity from Highly Sub-sampled Activity Data
Chagas disease , caused by the vector-borne protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , is increasingly recognized in the southern U . S . Government-owned working dogs along the Texas-Mexico border could be at heightened risk due to prolonged exposure outdoors in habitats with high densities of vectors . We quantified working dog e...	Chagas disease , a potentially deadly cardiac disease of humans , canines and other mammals is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . The parasite is primarily transmitted to dogs by ingestion of infected triatomine ‘kissing bug’ vectors or through contact with the insect’s feces . Previous studies concluded that s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "animal", "types", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "vertebrates", "pets", "and", "companion", "animals", "dogs", "parasitic", "protozoans", "animals", "mammals", "parasitic", "diseases", "protozoans", "veterinary", ...	2017	Widespread Trypanosoma cruzi infection in government working dogs along the Texas-Mexico border: Discordant serology, parasite genotyping and associated vectors
The coronary vasculature is an essential vessel network providing the blood supply to the heart . Disruptions in coronary blood flow contribute to cardiac disease , a major cause of premature death worldwide . The generation of treatments for cardiovascular disease will be aided by a deeper understanding of the develop...	In order for the heart to function properly it must have its own blood supply . Blood is delivered to the heart through a system of vessels called the coronary vasculature . During development , some of the cells that form the coronary vessels originate from the epicardium , the outer layer of the heart . These epicard...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nuclear", "staining", "cardiovascular", "anatomy", "developmental", "biology", "mutation", "epicardium", "embryos", "immunologic", "techniques", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "specimen", "preparation", "and", "treatmen...	2017	Non-muscle myosin IIB (Myh10) is required for epicardial function and coronary vessel formation during mammalian development
When cooperation has a direct cost and an indirect benefit , a selfish behavior is more likely to be selected for than an altruistic one . Kin and group selection do provide evolutionary explanations for the stability of cooperation in nature , but we still lack the full understanding of the genomic mechanisms that can...	Cooperation is a much studied and debated phenomena in the microbial world marked by a key question: Given the survival of the fittest evolutionary paradigm , why do individuals act in seemingly altruistic ways , paying a cost to help others ? Kin selection and group selection , together with mathematical tools from ar...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Genetic Architecture Promotes the Evolution and Maintenance of Cooperation
Scavenger Receptors ( SRs ) from the host’s innate immune system are known to bind multiple ligands to promote the removal of non-self or altered-self targets . CD5 and CD6 are two highly homologous class I SRs mainly expressed on all T cells and the B1a cell subset , and involved in the fine tuning of activation and d...	Scavenger Receptors ( SRs ) are constituents of host’s innate immune system able to sense and remove altered-self and/or pathogen components . Data on their interaction with helminth parasites is scarce . In this work , we describe that CD5 and CD6 -two lymphoid SRs previously reported to interact with conserved struct...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "cytokines", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cestodes", "helminths", "pathogens", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "parasiti...	2018	The ectodomains of the lymphocyte scavenger receptors CD5 and CD6 interact with tegumental antigens from Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and protect mice against secondary cystic echinococcosis
Chromosome organization is crucial for genome function . Here , we present a method for visualizing chromosomal DNA at super-resolution and then integrating Hi-C data to produce three-dimensional models of chromosome organization . Using the super-resolution microscopy methods of OligoSTORM and OligoDNA-PAINT , we trac...	Questions regarding the impact of chromosome structure on genome function are focusing increasingly on the manner in which chromosomes are organized within the nucleus . In fact , studies of processes as diverse as gene activation and repression as well as genome repair and stability are all querying how the 3D organiz...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "homologous", "chromosomes", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "invertebrate", "genomics", "chromosome", "mapping", "genome", "analysis", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "chromosome", "walking", "structural", "genomics", "research", "and", "analysis", "m...	2018	Walking along chromosomes with super-resolution imaging, contact maps, and integrative modeling
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary global vector for dengue and yellow fever viruses . Sequencing of the Ae . aegypti genome has stimulated research in vector biology and insect genomics . However , the current genome assembly is highly fragmented with only ∼31% of the genome being assigned to chromosomes . A la...	Dengue fever is an emerging health threat to as much as half of the human population around the world . No vaccines or drug treatments are currently available . Thus , disease prevention is largely based on efforts to control its major mosquito vector Ae . aegypti . Novel vector control strategies , such as population ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biology" ]	2011	Imaginal Discs – A New Source of Chromosomes for Genome Mapping of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is an arthropod-borne virus responsible for recent epidemics in the Asia Pacific regions . A customized gene expression microarray of 18 , 760 transcripts known to target Aedes mosquito genome was used to identify host genes that are differentially regulated during the infectious entry proce...	Deciphering the much neglected aspects of cellular factors in contributing to the infectious entry of CHIKV into mosquito cells may enhance our understanding of the conservation or diversity of these host factors amongst mammalian and arthropod for successful CHIKV replication . The study revealed that the infectious e...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "vector", "biology", "virology", "biology", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction" ]	2013	Mosquito Cellular Factors and Functions in Mediating the Infectious entry of Chikungunya Virus
Farnesylation is an important post-translational modification catalyzed by farnesyltransferase ( FTase ) . Until recently it was believed that a C-terminal CaaX motif is required for farnesylation , but recent experiments have revealed larger substrate diversity . In this study , we propose a general structural modelin...	Linear sequence motifs serve as recognition sites for protein-protein interactions as well as for post-translational modifications . One such motif is the CaaX box located at protein C-termini that serves as prenylation site . This prenylation is critical for many signal transduction related proteins and it is thus an ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "enzyme", "structure", "biochemical", "simulations", "enzymes", "protein", "structure", "biology", "computational", "biology", "macromolecular", "structure", "analysis" ]	2011	Identification of a Novel Class of Farnesylation Targets by Structure-Based Modeling of Binding Specificity
Manipulation of natural mosquito populations using the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia is being investigated as a novel strategy to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne viruses . To evaluate the efficacy of these interventions , it will be critical to determine Wolbachia infection frequencies in Aedes aegypti mosquito ...	Mosquitoes spread many human pathogens and novel approaches are required to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne disease . One promising approach is transferring Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes where it blocks transmission of arboviruses like dengue , Zika and Yellow fever viruses and spreads through mosquito po...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "fluorescence", "imaging", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "engineering", "and", "technology", "signal", "processing", "pathogens", "animals", "wolbachia", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "insec...	2018	Direct nucleic acid analysis of mosquitoes for high fidelity species identification and detection of Wolbachia using a cellphone
Oxytocin administration has been reported to decrease consumption , withdrawal , and drug-seeking associated with several drugs of abuse and thus represents a promising pharmacological approach to treat drug addiction . We used an established rat model of alcohol dependence to investigate oxytocin’s effects on dependen...	Alcohol use disorder is characterized by a reduction in reward function and gain in stress function . The neuropeptide oxytocin is involved in the regulation of both reward and stress systems . We tested the hypothesis that oxytocin administration could normalize the dysregulations that occur in alcohol dependence and ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2019	Oxytocin blocks enhanced motivation for alcohol in alcohol dependence and blocks alcohol effects on GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala
Influenza A viruses are important pathogens that cause acute respiratory diseases and annual epidemics in humans . Macrophages recognize influenza A virus infection with their pattern recognition receptors , and are involved in the activation of proper innate immune response . Here , we have used high-throughput subcel...	Influenza A viruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses that are capable of infecting a variety of avian and mammalian species . These viruses are responsible for the annual epidemics that cause severe illnesses in millions of people worldwide . The initial innate immune responses to influenza A viruses have to restrict ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology/cell", "signaling", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "biochemistry/bioinformatics", "biotechnology/protein", "chemistry", "and", "proteomics", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections" ]	2011	Quantitative Subcellular Proteome and Secretome Profiling of Influenza A Virus-Infected Human Primary Macrophages
Integration of environmental and endogenous cues at plant shoot meristems determines the timing of flowering and reproductive development . The MADS box transcription factor FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ) of Arabidopsis thaliana is an important repressor of floral transition , which blocks flowering until plants are exposed...	The initiation of flowering in plants is exquisitely sensitive to environmental signals , ensuring that reproduction occurs at the appropriate time of year . The sensitivity of these responses depends upon strong repression of flowering under inappropriate conditions . FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHA...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[]	2019	Floral regulators FLC and SOC1 directly regulate expression of the B3-type transcription factor TARGET OF FLC AND SVP 1 at the Arabidopsis shoot apex via antagonistic chromatin modifications
Cell-type specific gene expression is regulated by the combinatorial action of transcription factors ( TFs ) . In this study , we predict transcription factor ( TF ) combinations that cooperatively bind in a cell-type specific manner . We first divide DNase hypersensitive sites into cell-type specifically open vs . ubi...	Differentiation of multicellular organisms into a variety of cell types with different morphology and function is the result of cell-type specific gene expression . The most important regulators of gene expression are transcription factors ( TFs ) binding to cis-regulatory sequences , such as enhancers or promoters . I...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "fibroblasts", "cell", "differentiation", "developmental", "biology", "stem", "cells", "connective", "tissue", "cells", "transcription", "factors", "sequenc...	2018	coTRaCTE predicts co-occurring transcription factors within cell-type specific enhancers
Cytokinesis terminates mitosis , resulting in separation of the two sister cells . Septins , a conserved family of GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins , are an absolute requirement for cytokinesis in budding yeast . We demonstrate that septin-dependence of mammalian cytokinesis differs greatly between cell types: genetic...	Cytokinesis is the finalizing step of the complex scenario of mitosis , leading to separation of two sister cells . The cellular mechanism of cytokinesis in eukaryotes differs at least between yeasts , plants and animals . So far , it is also not clear whether all mammalian cells follow the same mechanistic rules of cy...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "animal", "models", "model", "organisms", "cytokinesis", "microtubule", "polymerization", "molecular", "genetics", "cell", "nucleus", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "rese...	2014	Genetic Deletion of SEPT7 Reveals a Cell Type-Specific Role of Septins in Microtubule Destabilization for the Completion of Cytokinesis
Although the concept that dendritic cells ( DCs ) recognize pathogens through the engagement of Toll-like receptors is widely accepted , we recently suggested that immature DCs might sense kinin-releasing strains of Trypanosoma cruzi through the triggering of G-protein-coupled bradykinin B2 receptors ( B2R ) . Here we ...	Antibodies and IFN-γ-producing effector T cells are essential for the immune control of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi , the intracellular protozoa that causes human Chagas disease . Despite the potency of anti-parasite immunity , the parasites are not cleared from their intracellular niches . Instead , a low grade chr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "t.", "cruzi", "infectious", "diseases", "immunology", "eukaryotes" ]	2007	Bradykinin B2 Receptors of Dendritic Cells, Acting as Sensors of Kinins Proteolytically Released by Trypanosoma cruzi, Are Critical for the Development of Protective Type-1 Responses
The whole genome analysis of two strains of the first intermediately pathogenic leptospiral species to be sequenced ( Leptospira licerasiae strains VAR010 and MMD0835 ) provides insight into their pathogenic potential and deepens our understanding of leptospiral evolution . Comparative analysis of eight leptospiral gen...	Leptospirosis is one of the most common diseases transmitted by animals worldwide and is important because it is a major cause of febrile illness in tropical areas and also occurs in epidemic form associated with natural disasters and flooding . The mechanisms through which Leptospira cause disease are not well underst...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "applied", "microbiology", "medicine", "diagnostic", "medicine", "pathology", "veterinary", "microbiology", "clinical", "pathology", "biology", "microbiology", "veterinary", "science", "clinical", "microbiology" ]	2012	Whole Genome Analysis of Leptospira licerasiae Provides Insight into Leptospiral Evolution and Pathogenicity
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of tumor cells , and yet the precise relationship between aneuploidy and a cell’s proliferative ability , or cellular fitness , has remained elusive . In this study , we have combined a detailed analysis of aneuploid clones isolated from laboratory-evolved populations of Saccharomyces cerevisia...	Aneuploidy ( altered copy number of genomic regions ) is observed in the majority of tumors , but it remains unclear whether aneuploidy is a cause or consequence of cancer . Evidence from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells has shown that aneuploid cells tend to grow more slowly than normal cells; ho...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Fitness Consequences of Aneuploidy Are Driven by Condition-Dependent Gene Effects
To avoid organ dysfunction as a consequence of tissue diminution or tumorous growth , a tight balance between cell proliferation and differentiation is maintained in metazoans . However , cell-intrinsic gene expression mechanisms controlling adult tissue homeostasis remain poorly understood . By focusing on the adult C...	Throughout adulthood , animal tissue homeostasis requires adult stem cell activities . A tight balance between self-renewal and differentiation protects against tissue overgrowth or loss . This balance is strongly influenced by niche-mediated signaling pathways that primarily trigger a transcriptional response in stem ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "organisms", "signal", "transduction", "developmental", "biology", "organism", "development", "molecular", "complexes", "cell", "biology", "gene", "regulatory", "networks", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "molecular", "genetics", ...	2014	GLD-4-Mediated Translational Activation Regulates the Size of the Proliferative Germ Cell Pool in the Adult C. elegans Germ Line
The innate immune response is primarily mediated by the Toll-like receptors functioning through the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways . Despite being widely studied , it is not yet completely understood and systems-level analyses have been lacking . In this study , we identified a high-probability network of ...	The innate immune response is the first level of protection in organisms against invading pathogens . It consists of a large number of proteins functioning in signaling cascades triggered by the binding of fragments from microbes to specific cellular receptors . Disruptions in these pathways can lead to numerous diseas...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Linking Transcriptional Changes over Time in Stimulated Dendritic Cells to Identify Gene Networks Activated during the Innate Immune Response
We propose a Bayesian approach for estimating branching tree mixture models to compare drug-resistance pathways ( i . e . patterns of sequential acquisition of resistance to individual antibiotics ) that are observed among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates collected from treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced pati...	Drug-resistant tuberculosis ( TB ) initially arises as a result of the sporadic appearance and subsequent selection of drug-resistant M . tuberculosis mutants . Such strains may or may not be associated with fitness costs affecting their ability to transmit and cause disease . Resistant pathogens collected from treatme...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "mathematics", "statistics", "biostatistics", "statistical", "methods" ]	2013	Bayesian Estimation of Mixture Models with Prespecified Elements to Compare Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naïve and Experienced Tuberculosis Cases
The eukaryotic genome is organized in a three-dimensional structure called chromatin , constituted by DNA and associated proteins , the majority of which are histones . Post-translational modifications of histone proteins greatly influence chromatin structure and regulate many DNA-based biological processes . Methylati...	DNA damage repair occurs in the context of chromatin and it is influenced by post-translational modifications of histone proteins . The level of methylation at lysine 36 of histone 3 ( H3K36 ) plays an important role in early phases of DNA damage repair by recruiting early repair factors at the site breaks and regulati...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "cell", "processes", "dna-binding", "proteins", "germ", "cells", "dna", "damage", "age", "groups", "dna", "homologous", "recombination", "animal", "cells", "proteins", "histones", "people", "and", "places", "biochemistry", "young", "adults", "cell",...	2017	JMJD-5/KDM8 regulates H3K36me2 and is required for late steps of homologous recombination and genome integrity
Host factors are recruited into viral replicase complexes to aid replication of plus-strand RNA viruses . In this paper , we show that deletion of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1Bgamma ( eEF1Bγ ) reduces Tomato bushy stunt virus ( TBSV ) replication in yeast host . Also , knock down of eEF1Bγ level in plant ...	RNA viruses recruit numerous host proteins to facilitate their replication and spread . Among the identified host proteins are RNA-binding proteins ( RBPs ) , such as ribosomal proteins , translation factors and RNA-modifying enzymes . In this paper , the authors show that deletion of eukaryotic translation elongation ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "plant", "science", "plant", "biology", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2011	Synergistic Roles of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factors 1Bγ and 1A in Stimulation of Tombusvirus Minus-Strand Synthesis
Due to the stringent population bottleneck that occurs during sexual HIV-1 transmission , systemic infection is typically established by a limited number of founder viruses . Elucidation of the precise forces influencing the selection of founder viruses may reveal key vulnerabilities that could aid in the development o...	While the global spread of HIV-1 has been fueled by sexual transmission the genetic determinants underlying the transmission bottleneck remains poorly understood . Here we characterized founder virus population diversity from next generation sequencing data in a cohort of 74 acute and early HIV-1 infected individuals ....	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "taxonomy", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "evolutionary", "biology", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "pathogens", "population", "genetics", "microbiology", "retroviruses", "v...	2016	Differences in the Selection Bottleneck between Modes of Sexual Transmission Influence the Genetic Composition of the HIV-1 Founder Virus
CLEC5A/MDL-1 , a member of the myeloid C-type lectin family expressed on macrophages and neutrophils , is critical for dengue virus ( DV ) -induced hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome in Stat1−/− mice and ConA-treated wild type mice . However , whether CLEC5A is involved in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis has n...	Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) is one of the most common forms of viral encephalitis worldwide , and the common complication post viral encephalitis is permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae resulting from severe neuroinflammation . However , specific treatment to inhibit JEV-induced neuroinflammation is not available . We ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunology", "biology", "neuroscience" ]	2012	CLEC5A Regulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation and Lethality
The world is witnessing mass displacement of populations which could impact global efforts to eliminate neglected tropical diseases such as trachoma . On the African continent , South Sudan has experienced high levels of population displacement . Population based baseline trachoma surveys were conducted among refugee c...	Ministries of health in multiple countries have made progress in reducing the prevalence of trachoma , the leading cause of infectious blindness . With the increase in displaced populations throughout the world , the work of these national programs could be put at risk as formerly endemic or non-endemic districts now h...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "sudan", "south", "sudan", "health", "care", "bacterial", "diseases", "eye", "diseases", "sexually", "transmitted", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "sanitation...	2019	Prevalence of trachoma within refugee camps serving South Sudanese refugees in White Nile State, Sudan: Results from population-based surveys
Leptospirosis is a major public health concern in New Caledonia ( NC ) and in other tropical countries . Severe manifestations of the disease are estimated to occur in 5–15% of all human infections worldwide and factors associated with these forms are poorly understood . Our objectives were to identify risk factors and...	Leptospirosis is a neglected tropical disease and a public health concern worldwide . Factors responsible for the progression towards severe forms have not been clearly established . However , pathogen- as well as host-related factors are both believed to play a role in the development of severe leptospirosis . This st...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "leptospirosis" ]	2013	Risk Factors and Predictors of Severe Leptospirosis in New Caledonia
Circadian clocks impose daily periodicities to animal behavior and physiology . At their core , circadian rhythms are produced by intracellular transcriptional/translational feedback loops ( TTFL ) . TTFLs may be altered by extracellular signals whose actions are mediated intracellularly by calcium and cAMP . In mammal...	Circadian clocks impose daily periodicities to animal behavior and physiology . At their core , circadian rhythms are produced by intracellular transcriptional/translational feedback loops ( TTFL ) . TTFLs may be altered by extracellular signals whose actions are mediated intracellularly by calcium and cAMP . In Drosop...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rna", "interference", "neuroscience", "animals", "biological", "locomotion", "animal", "models", "analysis", "of", "variance", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "mathematics", "s...	2018	Calcium and cAMP directly modulate the speed of the Drosophila circadian clock
Urease as a potential target of antimicrobial drugs has received considerable attention given its versatile roles in microbial infection . Development of effective urease inhibitors , however , is a significant challenge due to the deeply buried active site and highly specific substrate of a bacterial urease . Conventi...	Urease , a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea , plays important roles in the survival and virulence of many microbial pathogens , and has long been considered an important drug target for the development of novel antimicrobials . However , its deeply buried active site and highly specific substrate of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "antimicrobials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "urea", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "chemical", "compounds", "ureases", "small", "molecules", "enzymes", "pathogens", "drugs", "enzymology", "microbiology", "organic", "compounds...	2018	Metallochaperone UreG serves as a new target for design of urease inhibitor: A novel strategy for development of antimicrobials
To slow the inexorable rise of antibiotic resistance we must understand how drugs impact on pathogenesis and influence the selection of resistant clones . Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen with populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals and the community . Host phagocytes play a crucia...	Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of human disease , made even more notable due to the spread of antibiotic resistance . We used a combination of animal models to study the spread of bacteria between organs during an infection and the resulting effect of antibiotic intervention . We found that S . aureus infection...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "bacterial", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases", "gram", "negative", "immunity", "innate", "immunity", "pseudomonas", "infections", "staphylococci", "microbial", "pathogens", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "biology", "microbiology", "staphylococcal", "infection...	2014	Clonal Expansion during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Dynamics Reveals the Effect of Antibiotic Intervention
Dengue fever is a major public health problem worldwide , caused by any of four virus ( DENV-1 , DENV-2 , DENV-3 and DENV-4; Flaviviridae: Flavivirus ) , transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito . Reducing the levels of infestation by A . aegypti is one of the few current strategies to control dengue fever . Entomological...	Dengue is a disease caused by a virus which has four serotypes DENV-1 , DENV-2 , DENV-3 and DENV-4 . In Americas , A . aegypti is acknowledged as the only dengue vector in America . Currently the only strategy to prevent dengue is controlling A . aegypti mosquitoes . The generalized additive model was used to understan...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "environmental", "epidemiology", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "spatial", "epidemiology" ]	2014	Spatial Distribution of the Risk of Dengue and the Entomological Indicators in Sumaré, State of São Paulo, Brazil

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