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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Appropriate expression of growth-regulatory genes is essential to ensure normal animal development and to prevent diseases like cancer . Gene regulation at the levels of transcription and translational initiation mediated by the Hippo and Insulin signaling pathways and by the TORC1 complex , respectively , has been wel... | Animal growth is orchestrated by controlled expression of growth-regulatory factors . This regulation is achieved at different molecular levels like transcription , translation initiation , and translational regulation . Whereas transcriptional control and translation initiation of growth components have been well stud... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"developmental",
"biology",
"biology"
] | 2013 | The RNA-binding Proteins FMR1, Rasputin and Caprin Act Together with the UBA Protein Lingerer to Restrict Tissue Growth in Drosophila melanogaster |
Familial Dysautonomia ( FD ) is a neurodegenerative disease in which aberrant tissue-specific splicing of IKBKAP exon 20 leads to reduction of IKAP protein levels in neuronal tissues . Here we generated a conditional knockout ( CKO ) mouse in which exon 20 of IKBKAP is deleted in the nervous system . The CKO FD mice ex... | We create a novel FD mouse model , in which exon 20 of IKBKAP was deleted in the nervous system , to study the role of IKAP in the neurodegeneration process . The lack of IKBKAP exon 20 impaired retrograde nerve growth factor ( NGF ) transport and axonal outgrowth . Reduction of IKAP levels resulted in elevated HDAC6 l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microtubules",
"cell",
"processes",
"neurites",
"neuroscience",
"fibroblasts",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"embryos",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"o... | 2016 | Phosphatidylserine Ameliorates Neurodegenerative Symptoms and Enhances Axonal Transport in a Mouse Model of Familial Dysautonomia |
Despite their importance as vectors of human and livestock diseases , relatively little is known about innate antiviral immune pathways in mosquitoes and other insects . Previous work has shown that Culex Vago ( CxVago ) , which is induced and secreted from West Nile virus ( WNV ) -infected mosquito cells , acts as a f... | Viruses like West Nile , dengue and Japanese encephalitis are responsible for large number of human and livestock diseases worldwide . These viruses , transmitted by female mosquitoes via saliva during blood-feeding , elicit an immune response in these mosquitoes . The details of this immune response are still being in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"vectors",
"insects",
"immune",
"response",
"immune",
"system",
"arthropoda",
"mo... | 2014 | Dicer-2-Dependent Activation of Culex Vago Occurs via the TRAF-Rel2 Signaling Pathway |
The M segment of the 2009 pandemic influenza A virus ( IAV ) has been implicated in its emergence into human populations . To elucidate the genetic contributions of the M segment to host adaptation , and the underlying mechanisms , we examined a panel of isogenic viruses that carry avian- or human-derived M segments . ... | Influenza A virus ( IAV ) pandemics arise when a virus adapted to a non-human host overcomes species barriers to successfully infect humans and sustain human-to-human transmission . To gauge the adaptive potential and therefore pandemic risk posed by a particular IAV , it is critical to understand the mechanisms underl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"293t",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"animal... | 2019 | Dysregulation of M segment gene expression contributes to influenza A virus host restriction |
A variety of cardiovascular , neurological , and neoplastic conditions have been associated with oxidative stress , i . e . , conditions under which levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) are elevated over significant periods . Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor ( Nrf2 ) regulates the transcription of several... | A variety of conditions including certain cancers and heart diseases , diabetes mellitus , and rheumatoid arthritis have been associated with the generation of high levels of highly reactive molecular species under conditions known as “oxidative stress . ” A number of protein molecules have been identified as participa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Network Inference Algorithms Elucidate Nrf2 Regulation of Mouse Lung Oxidative Stress |
Mutational robustness quantifies the effect of random mutations on fitness . When mutational robustness is high , most mutations do not change fitness or have only a minor effect on it . From the point of view of fitness landscapes , robust genotypes form neutral networks of almost equal fitness . Using deterministic p... | Two long-standing and seemingly unrelated puzzles in evolutionary biology concern the ubiquity of sexual reproduction and the robustness of organisms against genetic perturbations . Using a theoretical approach based on the concept of a fitness landscape , in this article we argue that the two phenomena may in fact be ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"fluid",
"mechanics",
"population",
"genetics",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"microbiology",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"mutation",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"dna",
"... | 2019 | Recombination and mutational robustness in neutral fitness landscapes |
The resolution of chromosomes during anaphase is a key step in mitosis . Failure to disjoin chromatids compromises the fidelity of chromosome inheritance and generates aneuploidy and chromosome rearrangements , conditions linked to cancer development . Inactivation of topoisomerase II , condensin , or separase leads to... | When cells divide they must segregate copies of their chromosomes to each of their daughters . A particular harmful situation arises when those copies are glued to each other ( i . e . , nondisjunction ) at the moment of division . Previously , it has been possible to genetically favour this scenario , yet it has been ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"dna",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Nondisjunction of a Single Chromosome Leads to Breakage and Activation of DNA Damage Checkpoint in G2 |
Understanding the complex regulatory networks underlying development and evolution of multi-cellular organisms is a major problem in biology . Computational models can be used as tools to extract the regulatory structure and dynamics of such networks from gene expression data . This approach is called reverse engineeri... | To better understand multi-cellular organisms we need a better and more systematic understanding of the complex regulatory networks that govern their development and evolution . However , this problem is far from trivial . Regulatory networks involve many factors interacting in a non-linear manner , which makes it diff... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"systems",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"gene",
"networks",
"pattern",
"formation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Efficient Reverse-Engineering of a Developmental Gene Regulatory Network |
Flowering time relies on the integration of intrinsic developmental cues and environmental signals . FLC and its downstream target FT are key players in the floral transition in Arabidopsis . Here , we characterized the expression pattern and function of JMJ18 , a novel JmjC domain-containing histone H3K4 demethylase g... | Flowering is an important developmental transition during plant life cycle and the key process for production of the next generation . Flowering time is controlled by both intrinsic developmental and environmental signals . FLC and its target FT work as repressor and activator , respectively , to regulate flowering tim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"function",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"plant",
"biology",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"histone",
"modification"
] | 2012 | A Companion Cell–Dominant and Developmentally Regulated H3K4 Demethylase Controls Flowering Time in Arabidopsis via the Repression of FLC Expression |
Determining the fundamental architectural design of complex nervous systems will lead to significant medical and technological advances . Yet it remains unclear how nervous systems evolved highly efficient networks with near optimal sharing of pathways that yet produce multiple distinct behaviors to reach the organism’... | One of the most important scientific aims is to uncover the functional design principles of nervous systems . To reach this aim , it is useful to examine a complex nervous system that is both well specified and highly tractable , making the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans an attractive model system , especial... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"caenorhabditis",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"motor",
"neurons",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"brain",
"mapp... | 2016 | Vulnerability-Based Critical Neurons, Synapses, and Pathways in the Caenorhabditis elegans Connectome |
Rice flowering is controlled by changes in the photoperiod that promote the transition to the reproductive phase as days become shorter . Natural genetic variation for flowering time has been largely documented and has been instrumental to define the genetics of the photoperiodic pathway , as well as providing valuable... | Many plant species flower in response to changes in day length and can be categorized depending on their requirements for long or short days . Rice has tropical origins and normally flowers in response to shortening days . However , artificial selection operated by ancient farmers or modern breeders adapted rice cultiv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"brassica",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"cereal",
"crops",
"rice",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genetic",
"elements",
"crops",
"plants",
"flowering",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"arabidopsis",... | 2017 | Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Mechanisms Limit Heading Date 1 (Hd1) Function to Adapt Rice to High Latitudes |
In excess of % of human cancer incidents have a viral cofactor . Epidemiological studies of idiopathic human cancers indicate that additional tumor viruses remain to be discovered . Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled systematic screenings of human tumor transcriptomes for viral transcripts . However ... | Many human cancers are caused by infections with tumor viruses and identification of these pathogens is considered a critical contribution to cancer prevention . Deep sequencing enables us to systematically investigate viral nucleotide signatures in order to either verify or exclude the existence of viruses in idiopath... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Sensitive Detection of Viral Transcripts in Human Tumor Transcriptomes |
Proteases perform numerous vital functions in flatworms , many of which are likely to be conserved throughout the phylum Platyhelminthes . Within this phylum are several parasitic worms that are often poorly characterized due to their complex life-cycles and lack of responsiveness to genetic manipulation . The flatworm... | Certain parasitic flatworms pose serious threats to human health . Understanding more about the biology of flatworms can lead to new and better drug targets . However , due to the complex life cycles of parasitic flatworms , it has been suggested that a non-parasitic flatworm , Schmidtea mediterranea , be used to study... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"digestion",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"helminths",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"physiological",
"processes",
"cysteine",... | 2016 | Cysteine and Aspartyl Proteases Contribute to Protein Digestion in the Gut of Freshwater Planaria |
In Europe , the elimination of wildlife rabies using oral rabies vaccination [ORV] of foxes for more than 30 years has been a success story . Since a comprehensive review on the scope of the different oral rabies vaccine baits distributed across Europe has not been available yet , we evaluated the use of different vacc... | Oral rabies vaccination [ORV] is the pre-eminent example of successful vaccination of wildlife populations which has resulted in virtual elimination of fox-mediated rabies from large parts of Western and Central Europe . This achievement is unprecedented in history . Attractive species-specific baits , efficient vaccin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Spatio-temporal Use of Oral Rabies Vaccines in Fox Rabies Elimination Programmes in Europe |
Diet profoundly affects metabolism and incidences of age-related diseases . Animals adapt their physiology to different food-types , modulating complex life-history traits like aging . The molecular mechanisms linking adaptive capacity to diet with aging are less known . We identify FLR-4 kinase as a novel modulator of... | For animals living in the wild , being able to utilize a wide range of diet is evolutionarily advantageous as they can survive even when their optimal diet is depleted . Since diet is known to influence the rate of aging , animals seem to have evolved intricate mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and normal life span , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"caenorhabditis",
"diet",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"nutrition",
"experi... | 2018 | A novel gene-diet pair modulates C. elegans aging |
Here we formulate a mechanistic mathematical model to describe the growth dynamics of P . aeruginosa in the presence of the β-lactam antibiotic meropenem . The model is mechanistic in the sense that carrying capacity is taken into account through the dynamics of nutrient availability rather than via logistic growth . I... | Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global health threat and it is critical that we formulate alternative treatment strategies to combat bacterial infections . To do this we must understand how bacteria respond to currently used antibiotics . Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of death among cystic fibrosis ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
"walls",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"developmental",
... | 2018 | Mathematical modelling of the antibiotic-induced morphological transition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) replicates its 3 kb DNA genome through capsid-internal reverse transcription , initiated by assembly of 120 core protein ( HBc ) dimers around a complex of viral pregenomic ( pg ) RNA and polymerase . Following synthesis of relaxed circular ( RC ) DNA capsids can be enveloped and secreted as s... | The liver-pathogenic hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) is a small enveloped DNA virus that replicates through reverse transcription of a pregenomic ( pg ) RNA . This requires specific encapsidation of pgRNA and viral polymerase into a shell of 240 core protein ( HBc ) subunits . Capsid-internal formation of relaxed circular ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"viral",
"structure",
"hepatitis",
"b",
"virus",
"phosphatases",
"serine",
"proteases",
"viruses",
"rna",
"str... | 2018 | Hepatitis B virus core protein phosphorylation: Identification of the SRPK1 target sites and impact of their occupancy on RNA binding and capsid structure |
Herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) types 1 and 2 are highly prevalent human neurotropic pathogens that cause a variety of diseases , including lethal encephalitis . The relationship between HSV and the host immune system is one of the main determinants of the infection outcome . Chemokines play relevant roles in antiviral re... | Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that direct the flux of leukocytes to the site of injury and infection , playing a relevant role in the antiviral response . An uncontrolled , unorganized chemokine response is beneath the onset and maintenance of several immunopathologies . During millions of years of evolution , v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunity",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Enhancement of Chemokine Function as an Immunomodulatory Strategy Employed by Human Herpesviruses |
To study VSV entry and the fate of incoming matrix ( M ) protein during virus uncoating we used recombinant viruses encoding M proteins with a C-terminal tetracysteine tag that could be fluorescently labeled using biarsenical ( Lumio ) compounds . We found that uncoating occurs early in the endocytic pathway and is inh... | Vesicular stomatitis virus ( VSV ) is a prototypic enveloped virus that enters cells following endocytosis and a low pH-dependent membrane fusion event between the viral and endosomal membrane . To initiate a productive infection the viral nucleocapsid must dissociate from the matrix ( M ) protein , which underlies the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2010 | A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Matrix Protein and Nucleocapsid Trafficking during Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Uncoating |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is sensitive to nitric oxide generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) . Consequently , to ensure its survival in macrophages , M . tuberculosis inhibits iNOS recruitment to its phagosome by an unknown mechanism . Here we report the mechanism underlying this process , whereby myco... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one third of the world's population , with the majority of infected individuals being asymptomatic while running a lifetime risk of developing active disease . The key to the success of M . tuberculosis as a recalcitrant human pathogen is its ability to parasitize macrophages and pers... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"tuberculosis",
"macrophage",
"coronin",
"ezrin-binding",
"protein",
"50",
"microbiology",
"nitric",
"oxide",
"synthase"
] | 2007 | Mechanism of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Exclusion from Mycobacterial Phagosomes |
Dengue is an important public health problem in the Philippines . We sought to describe the trends in dengue research in the country . We searched four databases and identified published studies on dengue research in the Philippines during the past 60 years . We reviewed 135 eligible studies , of which 33% were descrip... | Dengue is a disease caused by four separate but related viruses transmitted by mosquitos . In this systematic review , we aimed to describe dengue research in the Philippines , where the disease is of great concern , to better understand the types of dengue research and the main findings and important gaps . We identif... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"h... | 2019 | Trends in dengue research in the Philippines: A systematic review |
The polarization of CD4+ T cells into distinct T helper cell lineages is essential for protective immunity against infection , but aberrant T cell polarization can cause autoimmunity . The transcription factor T-bet ( TBX21 ) specifies the Th1 lineage and represses alternative T cell fates . Genome-wide association stu... | Research to date has identified many genetic variants that are more common in people with a particular disease . However , in conditions that reflect multiple genetic and environmental factors , it is difficult to know with certainty if and why any particular genetic variant is causative and the mechanism that may unde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"physiology",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"immunology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatolo... | 2017 | Genetic variants alter T-bet binding and gene expression in mucosal inflammatory disease |
The precise identification of Human Leukocyte Antigen class I ( HLA-I ) binding motifs plays a central role in our ability to understand and predict ( neo- ) antigen presentation in infectious diseases and cancer . Here , by exploiting co-occurrence of HLA-I alleles across ten newly generated as well as forty public HL... | Predicting the differences between cancer and normal cells that are visible to the immune system is of central importance for cancer immunotherapy . Here we introduce a novel computational framework to harness the wealth of data from in-depth HLA peptidomics studies , including ten novel high quality ( <1% FDR ) datase... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"characterization",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"organic",
"compounds",
"oncology",
"basic",
"amino",
"acids",
"amino",
"acids",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"chemical",
"synthesis",
... | 2017 | Deciphering HLA-I motifs across HLA peptidomes improves neo-antigen predictions and identifies allostery regulating HLA specificity |
Malaria ( Plasmodium spp . ) kills nearly one million people annually and this number will likely increase as drug and insecticide resistance reduces the effectiveness of current control strategies . The most important human malaria parasite , Plasmodium falciparum , undergoes a complex developmental cycle in the mosqu... | For malaria transmission to occur , a mosquito must ingest and harbor the parasites for approximately two weeks while the parasites complete multiple developmental stages . Until development is complete and the malaria parasites invade the mosquito salivary glands , transmission to another host cannot occur . Upon comp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2010 | Activation of Akt Signaling Reduces the Prevalence and Intensity of Malaria Parasite Infection and Lifespan in Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes |
The glaucomas comprise a genetically complex group of retinal neuropathies that typically occur late in life and are characterized by progressive pathology of the optic nerve head and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells . In addition to age and family history , other significant risk factors for glaucoma include ele... | Complex genetic inheritance , including variable penetrance and severity , underlies many common eye diseases . In this study , we present analysis of a zebrafish mutant , bugeye , which shows complex inheritance of multiple ocular phenotypes that are known risk factors for glaucoma , including high myopia , elevated i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"neurological",
"disorders/neuro-ophthalmology",
"and",
"neuro-otology",
"ophthalmology/glaucoma",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2011 | Mutations in Zebrafish lrp2 Result in Adult-Onset Ocular Pathogenesis That Models Myopia and Other Risk Factors for Glaucoma |
Cationic antimicrobial peptides ( CAMPs ) serve as the first line of defense of the innate immune system against invading microbial pathogens . Gram-positive bacteria can resist CAMPs by modifying their anionic teichoic acids ( TAs ) with D-alanine , but the exact mechanism of resistance is not fully understood . Here ... | Cationic antimicrobial peptides ( CAMPs ) represent important evolutionarily conserved elements of innate immunity and their killing mechanism involves bacterial cell wall permeation . As a result , gram-positive bacteria can resist CAMPs by modifying their anionic teichoic acids ( TAs ) following incorporation of D-al... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"streptococci",
"proteins",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biophysics",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"defense",
"proteins",
"gram",
"positive"
] | 2012 | D-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acids Confers Resistance to Cationic Peptides in Group B Streptococcus by Increasing the Cell Wall Density |
Amphotericin B provides improved therapy for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) caused by Leishmania donovani , with single dose liposomal-encapsulated Ambisome providing the best cure rates . The VL elimination program aims to reduce the incidence rate in the Indian subcontinent to <1/10 , 000 population/year . Ability to ... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , also known as kala-azar , is a potentially fatal disease caused by intracellular parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex . VL is a serious public health problem in rural India , causing high morbidity and mortality , as well as major costs to local and national health budgets . Amph... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"drugs",
"cell",
"processes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"antifungals",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"notch",
"signa... | 2019 | Transcriptional blood signatures for active and amphotericin B treated visceral leishmaniasis in India |
Integrating and conjugative elements ( ICEs ) are one of the three principal types of self-transmissible mobile genetic elements in bacteria . ICEs , like plasmids , transfer via conjugation; but unlike plasmids and similar to many phages , these elements integrate into and replicate along with the host chromosome . Me... | Integrative and conjugative elements ( ICEs ) are a class of mobile genetic elements that are key mediators of horizontal gene flow in bacteria . These elements integrate into the host chromosome , yet are able to excise and transfer via conjugation . Our understanding of ICE evolution is rudimentary . Here , we develo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
"micr... | 2009 | Comparative ICE Genomics: Insights into the Evolution of the SXT/R391 Family of ICEs |
Lrig proteins are conserved transmembrane proteins that modulate a variety of signaling pathways from worm to humans . In mammals , there are three family members – Lrig1 , Lrig2 , and Lrig3 – that are defined by closely related extracellular domains with a similar arrangement of leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin... | The mammalian genome encodes three Lrig family members - Lrig1 , Lrig2 , and Lrig3 . Lrig proteins share a characteristic extracellular domain that can bind to a variety of signaling receptors , but the three family members show little homology in the cytoplasmic domain . Lrig1 is a tumor suppressor gene required for n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | In Vivo Analysis of Lrig Genes Reveals Redundant and Independent Functions in the Inner Ear |
The ability of DENV2 to display different morphologies ( hence different antigenic properties ) complicates vaccine and therapeutics development . Previous studies showed most strains of laboratory adapted DENV2 particles changed from smooth to “bumpy” surfaced morphology when the temperature is switched from 29°C at 3... | DENV2 particles have been shown to change their morphologies ( compact smooth to loose bumpy surfaced ) when temperature is switched from 28°C to 37°C . We used two DENV2 viruses both belonging to the same strain designation but with a different passage history—one of which exhibited the smooth surfaced morphology whil... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"immune",
"physiology",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"statistics",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"multivariate",
"analy... | 2019 | Molecular basis of dengue virus serotype 2 morphological switch from 29°C to 37°C |
Filamentous actin ( F-actin ) and non-muscle myosin II motors drive cell motility and cell shape changes that guide large scale tissue movements during embryonic morphogenesis . To gain a better understanding of the role of actomyosin in vivo , we have developed a two-dimensional ( 2D ) computational model to study eme... | Recent genetic and mechanical studies of embryonic development reveal a critical role for intracellular scaffolds in generating the shape of the embryo and constructing internal organs . In this paper we developed computer simulations of these scaffolds , composed of filamentous actin ( F-actin ) , a rod-like protein p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"actin",
"filaments",
"molecular",
"motors",
"actin",
"motors",
"motor",
"proteins",
"dynamic",
"actin",
"filaments",
"contractile",
"proteins",
"actins",
"proteins",
"biophysics",
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"cytoskeletal",
"proteins",
"biochemical",
... | 2018 | Emergent mechanics of actomyosin drive punctuated contractions and shape network morphology in the cell cortex |
It has been argued that the limited genetic diversity and reduced allelic heterogeneity observed in isolated founder populations facilitates discovery of loci contributing to both Mendelian and complex disease . A strong founder effect , severe isolation , and substantial inbreeding have dramatically reduced genetic di... | Isolated populations have contributed to the discovery of loci with simple Mendelian segregation and large effects on disease risk or trait variation . We hypothesized that the use of isolated populations might also facilitate the discovery of common alleles contributing to complex traits with relatively larger effects... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Genome-Wide Association Studies in an Isolated Founder Population from the Pacific Island of Kosrae |
Neurofibromatosis type 1 ( NF1 ) , a genetic disease that affects 1 in 3 , 000 , is caused by loss of a large evolutionary conserved protein that serves as a GTPase Activating Protein ( GAP ) for Ras . Among Drosophila melanogaster Nf1 ( dNf1 ) null mutant phenotypes , learning/memory deficits and reduced overall growt... | Neurofibromatosis type 1 ( NF1 ) is a genetic disease that affects 1 in 3 , 000 and that is caused by loss of a protein that inactivates Ras oncoproteins . NF1 is a characteristically variable disease that predisposes patients to several symptoms , the most common of which include benign and malignant tumors , reduced ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Genetic and Functional Studies Implicate Synaptic Overgrowth and Ring Gland cAMP/PKA Signaling Defects in the Drosophila melanogaster Neurofibromatosis-1 Growth Deficiency |
The tetravalent dengue vaccine CYD-TDV ( Dengvaxia ) is the first licensed vaccine against dengue , but recent findings indicate an elevated risk of severe disease among vaccinees without prior dengue virus ( DENV ) exposure . The World Health Organization currently recommends CYD-TDV only for individuals with serologi... | Among several viral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes , dengue imposes the greatest and most persistent burden on global health . Efforts to curb its spread would benefit greatly from the availability of an effective vaccine . Currently , the only licensed dengue vaccine , known as CYD-TDV or by the bran... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"economic",
"analysis",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"vaccines",
"p... | 2019 | Model-based assessment of public health impact and cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination following screening for prior exposure |
The exogenous RNA interference ( RNAi ) pathway is an important antiviral defense against arboviruses in mosquitoes , and virus-specific small interfering ( si ) RNAs are key components of this pathway . Understanding the biogenesis of siRNAs in mosquitoes could have important ramifications in using RNAi to control arb... | Understanding how arthropod-borne viruses ( arboviruses ) establish persistent infections in mosquitoes will help us to find ways to prevent viral disease transmission by these insects . RNA silencing pathways in mosquitoes and other insects , particularly RNA interference ( RNAi ) , have been shown to be important in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
... | 2010 | Comparison of Dengue Virus Type 2-Specific Small RNAs from RNA Interference-Competent and –Incompetent Mosquito Cells |
Leprosy control is based on early diagnosis and multidrug therapy . For treatment purposes , leprosy patients can be classified as paucibacillary ( PB ) or multibacillary ( MB ) , according to the number of skin lesions . Studies regarding a uniform treatment regimen ( U-MDT ) for all leprosy patients have been encoura... | Since the introduction of multidrug therapy for leprosy in the 80’s , different classification criteria for leprosy patients have been proposed and treatment has been progressively shortened . Currently , leprosy patients are classified into paucibacillary/PB and multibacillary/MB based on the number of skins lesions .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"disabilities",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trials",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"medi... | 2017 | Uniform multidrug therapy for leprosy patients in Brazil (U-MDT/CT-BR): Results of an open label, randomized and controlled clinical trial, among multibacillary patients |
Anthelmintic drug resistance in livestock parasites is already widespread and in recent years there has been an increasing level of anthelmintic drug selection pressure applied to parasitic nematode populations in humans leading to concerns regarding the emergence of resistance . However , most parasitic nematodes , pa... | The use of drugs ( anthelmintics ) to control nematode parasites ( roundworms ) is common in both humans and animals . This has led to the widespread development of drug resistance in livestock parasites and serious concerns regarding its emergence in human parasites . Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of sh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Introgression of Ivermectin Resistance Genes into a Susceptible Haemonchus contortus Strain by Multiple Backcrossing |
Human respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) is an enveloped RNA virus that is the most important viral cause of acute pediatric lower respiratory tract illness worldwide , and lacks a vaccine or effective antiviral drug . The involvement of host factors in the RSV replicative cycle remains poorly characterized . A genome... | RSV is the most common viral cause of severe acute pediatric lower respiratory tract illness , including pneumonia and bronchiolitis , in young children worldwide . In a genome-wide siRNA screen in human lung epithelial A549 cells infected with RSV expressing green fluorescent protein ( RSV-GFP ) , we identified ARP2 a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"gene",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"pulmonology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",... | 2016 | Actin-Related Protein 2 (ARP2) and Virus-Induced Filopodia Facilitate Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Spread |
L1 retrotransposons have a prominent role in reshaping mammalian genomes . To replicate , the L1 ribonucleoprotein particle ( RNP ) first uses its endonuclease ( EN ) to nick the genomic DNA . The newly generated DNA end is subsequently used as a primer to initiate reverse transcription within the L1 RNA poly ( A ) tai... | Jumping genes are DNA sequences present in the genome of most living organisms . They contribute to genome dynamics and occasionally result in hereditary genetic diseases or cancer . L1 elements are the only autonomously active jumping genes in the human genome . They replicate through an RNA–mediated copy-and-paste me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genome",
"complexity",
"transposons",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"retrotransposons",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | The Specificity and Flexibility of L1 Reverse Transcription Priming at Imperfect T-Tracts |
Altered daily patterns of hormone action are suspected to contribute to metabolic disease . It is poorly understood how the adrenal glucocorticoid hormones contribute to the coordination of daily global patterns of transcription and metabolism . Here , we examined diurnal metabolite and transcriptome patterns in a zebr... | Glucocorticoids , steroid hormones of the adrenal gland , are important regulators of metabolism and the stress response . They are also widely used as anti-inflammatory drugs . Production and release of glucocorticoids show a diurnal pattern regulated by the circadian clock . Importantly , altered daily patterns of ho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"regulation",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"circadian",
"oscillators",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"acidic",
"amino",
"ac... | 2016 | Extensive Regulation of Diurnal Transcription and Metabolism by Glucocorticoids |
During development , progenitor expansion , lineage allocation , and implementation of differentiation programs need to be tightly coordinated so that different cell types are generated in the correct numbers for appropriate tissue size and function . Pancreatic dysfunction results in some of the most debilitating and ... | The pancreas develops from a field of progenitor cells localised in a restricted region of the embryonic endoderm . These progenitor cells proliferate and eventually differentiate to generate the three distinct lineages comprising the endocrine ( which include insulin-producing β cells ) , acinar , and ductal cells . T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"endocrine",
"signaling",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"notch",
"signaling",
"pancreas",
"development",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"developmental",
"signaling",
"endocrine",
"cells",
"immunologic",
"techniqu... | 2017 | Pancreas lineage allocation and specification are regulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling |
Individual metazoan transcription factors ( TFs ) regulate distinct sets of genes depending on cell type and developmental or physiological context . The precise mechanisms by which regulatory information from ligands , genomic sequence elements , co-factors , and post-translational modifications are integrated by TFs ... | Animals precisely control when and where genes are expressed; failure to do so can cause severe developmental defects and pathology . Transcription factors must display extraordinary functional flexibility , controlling very different sets of genes in different cell and tissue types . To do so , they integrate informat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Sumoylated NHR-25/NR5A Regulates Cell Fate during C. elegans Vulval Development |
HIV-associated subacute meningitis is mostly caused by tuberculosis or cryptococcosis , but often no etiology can be established . In the absence of CT or MRI of the brain , toxoplasmosis is generally not considered as part of the differential diagnosis . We performed cerebrospinal fluid real time PCR and serological t... | If HIV-infected patients present with seizures , focal neurological symptoms or confusion , a CT-scan or MRI of the brain is normally made . If mass lesions are found ( and the CD4 cell count is sufficiently low ) , cerebral toxoplasmosis is suspected , and often treated empirically . However , some of the symptoms of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"neurology",
"neurological",
"disorders"
] | 2013 | Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Mimicking Subacute Meningitis in HIV-Infected Patients; a Cohort Study from Indonesia |
miR-124 is conserved in sequence and neuronal expression across the animal kingdom and is predicted to have hundreds of mRNA targets . Diverse defects in neural development and function were reported from miR-124 antisense studies in vertebrates , but a nematode knockout of mir-124 surprisingly lacked detectable phenot... | microRNAs are abundant ∼22 nucleotide RNAs inferred to mediate pervasive post-transcriptional control of most genes . Still , relatively little is understood about their endogenous requirements and impact , especially in animal systems . We analyzed a knockout of Drosophila mir-124 , which is conserved in sequence and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Neurophysiological Defects and Neuronal Gene Deregulation in Drosophila mir-124 Mutants |
A high level of HER2 expression in breast cancer correlates with a higher tumor growth rate , high metastatic potential , and a poor long-term patient survival rate . Pertuzumab , a human monoclonal antibody , can reduce the effect of HER2 overexpression by preventing HER2 dimerization . In this study , a combination p... | Many therapeutic approaches , including the human monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab , target the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) of any breast cancer that features HER2 overexpression . Compared to these antibodies , peptides have many advantages , including lower cost , easier synthesi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"crystal",
"structure",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"peptide",
"libraries",
"molecular",
"biology",
"... | 2017 | Peptide probes derived from pertuzumab by molecular dynamics modeling for HER2 positive tumor imaging |
Insulin resistance and obesity are associated with reduced gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH ) release and infertility . Mice that lack insulin receptors ( IRs ) throughout development in both neuronal and non-neuronal brain cells are known to exhibit subfertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism . However , at... | Astrocytes are a major cell type in the central nervous system , yet their impact on the neuroendocrine circuits that control fertility is under appreciated . Here , we show in mice that ablation of insulin signaling in astrocytes leads to delayed puberty , hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadotropin ( HPG ) axis dysfunction ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"diabetic",
"endocrinology",
"astrocytes",
"vertebrates",
"mice",
"neuroscience",
"macroglial",
"cells",
"animals",
"mammals",
"hormones",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"fluores... | 2019 | Ablating astrocyte insulin receptors leads to delayed puberty and hypogonadism in mice |
The DNA repair enzyme polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase ( PNKP ) protects genome integrity by restoring ligatable 5’-phosphate and 3’-hydroxyl termini at single-strand breaks ( SSBs ) . In humans , PNKP mutations underlie the neurological disease known as MCSZ , but these individuals are not predisposed for cancer , im... | DNA is constantly damaged by normal cellular metabolism , for example production of reactive oxygen species , or from exposure to external DNA damaging sources , such as radiation from the sun or chemicals in the environment . These genotoxic agents create thousands of single-strand breaks/cell/day in the human body . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"phosphates",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"g2",
"phase",
"chromatids",
"dna",
"damage",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"dna",
"replication",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"dna",
"genetic",
"inter... | 2017 | Lingering single-strand breaks trigger Rad51-independent homology-directed repair of collapsed replication forks in the polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase mutant of fission yeast |
The role of calcium ( Ca2+ ) and its dependent protease calpain in Aeromonas hydrophila-induced head kidney macrophage ( HKM ) apoptosis has been reported . Here , we report the pro-apoptotic involvement of calmodulin ( CaM ) and calmodulin kinase II gamma ( CaMKIIg ) in the process . We observed significant increase i... | Aeromonas hydrophila is a natural fish pathogen and is known to induce apoptosis of HKM . Head kidney is an important immune-organ in fish and HKM are critical for immunity against the invading pathogen . The mechanisms of cell death induced by A . hydrophila are incompletely characterized . We have studied the role of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"pathogenesis",
"bacterial",
"p... | 2014 | Role of Calmodulin-Calmodulin Kinase II, cAMP/Protein Kinase A and ERK 1/2 on Aeromonas hydrophila-Induced Apoptosis of Head Kidney Macrophages |
The PTEN-induced kinase 1 ( PINK1 ) is a mitochondrial kinase , and pink1 mutations cause early onset Parkinson's disease ( PD ) in humans . Loss of pink1 in Drosophila leads to defects in mitochondrial function , and genetic data suggest that another PD-related gene product , Parkin , acts with pink1 to regulate the c... | In this work we provide mechanistic insight linking together two of the earliest observations in Parkinson's disease: the excessive build-up of iron in diseased substantia nigra neurons and mitochondrial dysfunction particularly increased reactive oxygen species production at the level of Complex I . We identify aconit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"screens",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"neuroscience"
] | 2013 | Aconitase Causes Iron Toxicity in Drosophila pink1 Mutants |
The Vibrionaceae is comprised of numerous aquatic species and includes several human pathogens , such as Vibrio cholerae , the cause of cholera . All organisms in this family have two chromosomes , and replication of the smaller one depends on rctB , a gene that is restricted to the Vibrionaceae . Given the increasing ... | Multi-drug resistant bacteria continue to emerge and there is a pressing need for the development of new antibiotics . Here , we carried out a cell-based high throughput screen to identify inhibitors of RctB , the initiator of replication of the second chromosome found in all the species of the Vibrionaceae . This fami... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"biology/small",
"molecule",
"chemistry",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology/applied"... | 2009 | Targeting the Replication Initiator of the Second Vibrio Chromosome: Towards Generation of Vibrionaceae-Specific Antimicrobial Agents |
The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in the United States . In women C . trachomatis can establish persistent genital infections that lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility . In contrast to natural infections in humans ,... | Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease and can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease , ectopic pregnancy , infertility , and other complications in women . These serious complications have been difficult to study experimentally in laboratory animals because C . trachomati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2011 | Compensatory T Cell Responses in IRG-Deficient Mice Prevent Sustained Chlamydia trachomatis Infections |
Two key biological features distinguish Trypanosoma evansi from the T . brucei group: independence from the tsetse fly as obligatory vector , and independence from the need for functional mitochondrial DNA ( kinetoplast or kDNA ) . In an effort to better understand the molecular causes and consequences of these differe... | The single-cell parasite Trypanosoma evansi is the disease-causing trypanosome with the widest geographical distribution . The disease , called surra , has significant economic impact primarily due to infections of cattle , horses , and camels . Morphologically the parasite is indistinguishable from bloodstream stage T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"kinetoplastids",
"veterinary",
"parasitology",
"cell",
"biology",
"genome",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"life",
"cycles",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"evolutio... | 2015 | Genome and Phylogenetic Analyses of Trypanosoma evansi Reveal Extensive Similarity to T. brucei and Multiple Independent Origins for Dyskinetoplasty |
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells ( CTLs ) play a critical role in controlling viral infections . HIV-infected individuals develop CTL responses against epitopes derived from viral proteins , but also against cryptic epitopes encoded by viral alternative reading frames ( ARF ) . We studied here the mechanisms of HIV-1 escape from... | In addition to the classical open reading frames encoding for the well characterized HIV proteins , HIV exhibits a vast number of alternative reading frames that have the potential to encode proteins or polypeptides . We have previously shown that such reading frames within gag , pol and env genes express T cell epitop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"vaccination",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"aids",
"immune",
"response",
"antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition... | 2011 | CTL Escape Mediated by Proteasomal Destruction of an HIV-1 Cryptic
Epitope |
In endothermic species , heat released as a product of metabolism ensures stable internal temperature throughout the organism , despite varying environmental conditions . Mitochondria are major actors in this thermogenic process . Part of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates drives ATP synthes... | To ensure a stable internal temperature , endothermic species make use of the heat released during the final steps of food burning by the mitochondria present in all cells of the organism . Indeed , only a fraction of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates is used to generate ATP , while a subst... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fluorescence",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"oxygen",
"membrane",
"potential",
"salts",
"electrophysiology",
"fibroblasts",
"toxic",
"agents",
"toxicology",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
... | 2018 | Mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50 °C |
Since Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) establishes a persistent infection in human B cells , B cells are a critical compartment for viral pathogenesis . RTA , the replication and transcription activator of KSHV , can either directly bind to DNA or use cellular DNA binding factors including CBF1/CSL as D... | Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) establishes a life-long persistent infection in B cells , which constitute the viral reservoir for reactivation and production of progeny virus . Viral reactivation is associated with multiple AIDS related malignancies including Kaposi's sarcoma , an endothelial tumor , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"oncology",
"bone",
"and",
"soft",
"tissue",
"sarcomas",
"g... | 2013 | Abortive Lytic Reactivation of KSHV in CBF1/CSL Deficient Human B Cell Lines |
Plaque vulnerability , defined as the likelihood that a plaque would rupture , is difficult to quantify due to lack of in vivo plaque rupture data . Morphological and stress-based plaque vulnerability indices were introduced as alternatives to obtain quantitative vulnerability assessment . Correlations between these in... | Cardiovascular diseases are closely related to atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture . Early detection of vulnerable plaques and prediction of potential plaque rupture and related clinical events are of vital importance . Plaque vulnerability , defined as the likelihood that a plaque would rupture , is difficu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Morphological and Stress Vulnerability Indices for Human Coronary Plaques and Their Correlations with Cap Thickness and Lipid Percent: An IVUS-Based Fluid-Structure Interaction Multi-patient Study |
A subset of high-risk Human Papillomaviruses ( HPVs ) are the causative agents of a large number of human cancers , of which cervical is the most common . Two viral oncoproteins , E6 and E7 , contribute directly towards the development and maintenance of malignancy . A characteristic feature of the E6 oncoproteins from... | A unique feature of the high risk Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ) E6 oncoproteins is the presence of a PDZ binding motif ( PBM ) on its extreme C-terminus . This motif confers on E6 an ability to interact with a number of cellular proteins which possess PDZ domains , and this activity of E6 is important during the viral l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"affinity",
"chromatography",
"hela",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"enzymes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"enzymology... | 2016 | Interaction of the Human Papillomavirus E6 Oncoprotein with Sorting Nexin 27 Modulates Endocytic Cargo Transport Pathways |
A proportion of homologous recombination ( HR ) events in mammalian cells resolve by “long tract” gene conversion , reflecting copying of several kilobases from the donor sister chromatid prior to termination . Cells lacking the major hereditary breast/ovarian cancer predisposition genes , BRCA1 or BRCA2 , or certain o... | Complex breakpoints are a recognized feature of cancer genome rearrangements , but the mechanisms that lead to their formation are undefined . Although homologous recombination ( HR ) is considered a potentially error-free pathway , cells lacking critical HR genes , such as the major hereditary breast/ovarian cancer pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"genomics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"cloning",
"chromatids",
"oncology",
"network",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques... | 2016 | Complex Breakpoints and Template Switching Associated with Non-canonical Termination of Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Cells |
Nematode secreted haemoglobins have unusually high affinity for oxygen and possess nitric oxide deoxygenase , and catalase activity thought to be important in protection against host immune responses to infection . In this study , we generated a monoclonal antibody ( 48Eg ) against haemoglobin of the nematode Anisakis ... | Nematode haemoglobins are fascinating molecules with unusually high affinity for oxygen . This is one example of many unique adaptations that nematodes have acquired to survive in their hosts , as nematode haemoglobin is thought to sequester oxygen to maintain an anaerobic environment , and can break down nitric oxide ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"soil-transmitted",
"helminths",
"hookworm",
"infection",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"biology",
"hookworm",
"ascariasis",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"helminth",
"infection"
] | 2013 | A Cross-Reactive Monoclonal Antibody to Nematode Haemoglobin Enhances Protective Immune Responses to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis |
In nature , stressful environments often occur in combination or close succession , and thus the ability to prepare for impending stress likely provides a significant fitness advantage . Organisms exposed to a mild dose of stress can become tolerant to what would otherwise be a lethal dose of subsequent stress; however... | Cells experience stressful conditions in the real world that can threaten physiology . Therefore , organisms have evolved intricate defense systems to protect themselves against environmental stress . Many organisms can increase their stress tolerance at the first sign of a problem through a phenomenon called acquired ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Multiple Means to the Same End: The Genetic Basis of Acquired Stress Resistance in Yeast |
The factors that determine the pattern and rate of spread of influenza virus at a continental-scale are uncertain . Although recent work suggests that influenza epidemics in the United States exhibit a strong geographical correlation , the spatiotemporal dynamics of influenza in Australia , a country and continent of a... | We use a unique combination of large-scale laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance and genomic sequence data to determine the pattern and determinants of influenza spread through time and space at a continental scale , utilizing 450 , 000 data entries gathered across Australia over a 10-year period ( 2007–2016 ) . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biogeography",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"australia",
"spatial",
"... | 2018 | Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climactic variation |
Mutational fitness effects can be measured with relatively high accuracy in viruses due to their small genome size , which facilitates full-length sequencing and genetic manipulation . Previous work has shown that animal and plant RNA viruses are very sensitive to mutation . Here , we characterize mutational fitness ef... | The fitness effects of mutations are the raw material for natural selection . It has been shown that point mutations typically have strongly deleterious effects in plant and animal RNA viruses , whereas cellular organisms are comparatively more robust . Here , we characterize the fitness effects of random mutations in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | The Fitness Effects of Random Mutations in Single-Stranded DNA and RNA Bacteriophages |
Burkholderia dolosa is a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex ( BCC ) , which is a group of bacteria that cause chronic lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) and can be associated with outbreaks carrying high morbidity and mortality . While investigating the genomic diversity of B . dolosa strain... | In people with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) , infection with bacteria in the Burkholderia cepacia complex ( BCC ) is often associated with clinical deterioration . In a whole-genome sequencing study of the BCC species B . dolosa , we previously identified the fixL gene of the FixL/FixJ two-component system called FixLJ to be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biofilms",
"bacteriology",
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"oxygen",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"biol... | 2017 | An Oxygen-Sensing Two-Component System in the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Regulates Biofilm, Intracellular Invasion, and Pathogenicity |
Leishmania ( Viannia ) braziliensis has been associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations ranging from a simple cutaneous ulcer to destructive mucosal lesions . Factors leading to this diversity of clinical presentations are not clear , but parasite factors have lately been recognized as important in determ... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a widespread tropical disease caused by different species of Leishmania protozoa that are transmitted by infected sandflies . Clinical presentations are extremely diverse and dependent on a variety of parasite and host factors that are poorly understood . Leishmania ( V . ) braziliensis infec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"enzymes",
"parasitology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2012 | Ecto-Nucleotidase Activities of Promastigotes from Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Relates to Parasite Infectivity and Disease Clinical Outcome |
An important layer of plant innate immunity to host-adapted pathogens is conferred by intracellular nucleotide-binding/oligomerization domain-leucine rich repeat ( NB-LRR ) receptors recognizing specific microbial effectors . Signaling from activated receptors of the TIR ( Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor ) -NB-LRR class co... | Plants have evolved a multilayered innate immune system to recognize and respond to potentially destructive microbes in the environment . Resistance to invasive biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens often involves transcriptional mobilization of defenses and programmed death of host cells at infection sites . Howeve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant-biotic",
"interactions",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"cell",
"biology/plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression"
] | 2010 | Balanced Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Activities of EDS1 Are Required for a Complete Plant Innate Immune Response |
Madurella mycetomatis is the main causative organism of eumycetoma , a persistent , progressive granulomatous infection . After subcutaneous inoculation M . mycetomatis organizes itself in grains inside a granuloma with excessive collagen accumulation surrounding it . This could be contributing to treatment failure tow... | Eumycetoma , mainly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis , is a chronic infection which , without treatment , results in deformation of the infected body part . Inside the body , the fungus organises itself in grains which are surrounded by collagen . This collagen could act as a natural barrier for antifungal ag... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"mycetoma",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"fungal",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Active Matrix Metalloprotease-9 Is Associated with the Collagen Capsule Surrounding the Madurella mycetomatis Grain in Mycetoma |
The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) responds to changes in intracellular homeostasis through activation of the unfolded protein response ( UPR ) . Yet , it is not known how UPR-signaling coordinates adaptation versus cell death . Previous studies suggested that signaling through PERK/ATF4 is required for cell death . We s... | Maintaining a balanced level of stress ( protein folding , reactive oxygen radicals ) is important for keeping cellular homeostasis ( the ability of a cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes ) . The accumulation of stress ( external or internal ) will trigger a well-orchestrated m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"biochemistry",
"signal",
"transduction",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"transcriptional",
"signaling",
"stress",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"feedback",
"regulation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"m... | 2014 | Fine Tuning of the UPR by the Ubiquitin Ligases Siah1/2 |
A number of paramyxoviruses are responsible for acute respiratory infections in children , elderly and immuno-compromised individuals , resulting in airway inflammation and exacerbation of chronic diseases like asthma . To understand the molecular pathogenesis of these infections , we searched for cellular targets of t... | Respiroviruses are important pathogens responsible for acute respiratory tract infections associated with severe airway inflammation in children , elderly and immuno-compromised individuals . Their RNA genome encodes for structural proteins that compose viral particles , but also for virulence factors that alter cell b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"infections",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structur... | 2009 | Differential Regulation of Type I Interferon and Epidermal Growth Factor Pathways by a Human Respirovirus Virulence Factor |
The human genome represents a fossil record of ancient retroviruses that once replicated in the ancestors of contemporary humans . Indeed , approximately 8% of human DNA is composed of sequences that are recognizably retroviral . Despite occasional reports associating human endogenous retrovirus ( HERV ) expression wit... | Retrovirus genomes integrate into the genomes of host cells . If the target cells of a particular retrovirus include germ-line cells , e . g . , sperm or egg cells , then retroviral genomes can be inherited like cellular genes . So-called “endogenous” retroviruses have accumulated throughout evolution in the genomes of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"virology"
] | 2007 | Reconstitution of an Infectious Human Endogenous Retrovirus |
There is solid evidence that rare variants contribute to complex disease etiology . Next-generation sequencing technologies make it possible to uncover rare variants within candidate genes , exomes , and genomes . Working in a novel framework , the kernel-based adaptive cluster ( KBAC ) was developed to perform powerfu... | It has been demonstrated that both rare and common variants are involved in complex disease etiology . Until recently it was only possible to perform large scale analysis of common variants . With the development of next-generation sequencing technologies , detection and mapping of rare variants have been made possible... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"mathematics/statistics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2010 | A Novel Adaptive Method for the Analysis of Next-Generation Sequencing Data to Detect Complex Trait Associations with Rare Variants Due to Gene Main Effects and Interactions |
The sessile plants have evolved diverse intrinsic mechanisms to control their proper development under variable environments . In contrast to plastic vegetative development , reproductive traits like floral identity often show phenotypic robustness against environmental variations . However , it remains obscure about t... | Various mechanisms have evolved to ensure proper organ formation under variable environments in order to complete one organism’s life cycle . In angiosperms , vegetative and reproductive organs show a differential plastic development between varied environments , with a low plasticity or high robustness for flower form... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"enzymes",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymology",
"cereal",
"crops",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"model",
"organisms",
"crops",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"inflorescences",
"plants",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"flowering",
"pla... | 2016 | A High Temperature-Dependent Mitochondrial Lipase EXTRA GLUME1 Promotes Floral Phenotypic Robustness against Temperature Fluctuation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
In food webs , many interacting species coexist despite the restrictions imposed by the competitive exclusion principle and apparent competition . For the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations , sustainable coexistence necessitates nonzero determinant of the interaction matrix . Here we show that this requirement is equ... | Human impact currently induces rapid reductions in global biodiversity . Assessing the consequences of such modifications requires that ecological science better understand the conditions under which the species in a community can coexist and when not . Fundamentally , two species can not coexist indefinitely when they... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecological",
"niches",
"physiological",
"processes",
"conservation",
"biology",
"ecological",
"metrics",
"food",
"web",
"structure",
"species",
"diversity",
"conservation",
"science",... | 2016 | Food Web Assembly Rules for Generalized Lotka-Volterra Equations |
Amphotericin B has emerged as the therapy of choice for use against the leishmaniases . Administration of the drug in its liposomal formulation as a single injection is being promoted in a campaign to bring the leishmaniases under control . Understanding the risks and mechanisms of resistance is therefore of great impo... | Antimicrobial resistance threatens to reverse many of the great strides made against pathogens responsible for disease . Understanding the molecular processes underlying resistance is crucial to quantifying and tackling the problem . Here we select resistance in Leishmania parasites to amphotericin B , an antileishmani... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"antifungals",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"metabolomics",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"pharmacology",
"drug",
"metabolism",... | 2017 | Sterol 14α-demethylase mutation leads to amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania mexicana |
Prion diseases are driven by the strain-specific , template-dependent transconformation of the normal cellular prion protein ( PrPC ) into a disease specific isoform PrPSc . Cell culture models of prion infection generally use replicating cells resulting in lower levels of prion accumulation compared to animals . Using... | This manuscript describes the generation of a new cell culture system to study the replication of infectious prions . While numerous cell lines exist that can replicate prions , these systems are usually based upon proliferating cells . As mammalian cell cultures double approximately every day , prions established in t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Infectious Prions Accumulate to High Levels in Non Proliferative C2C12 Myotubes |
Characterizing the functional overlap and mutagenic potential of different pathways of chromosomal double-strand break ( DSB ) repair is important to understand how mutations arise during cancer development and treatment . To this end , we have compared the role of individual factors in three different pathways of mamm... | Changes to the sequence of DNA , or mutations , can disrupt cellular growth control genes , which can lead to cancer development . Such mutations likely arise from damage to DNA that is repaired in a way that fails to restore the original sequence . One type of DNA damage is a chromosomal double-strand break . We have ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Alternative-NHEJ Is a Mechanistically Distinct Pathway of Mammalian Chromosome Break Repair |
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a usual member of dog's mouths flora that causes rare but dramatic human infections after dog bites . We determined the structure of C . canimorsus lipid A . The main features are that it is penta-acylated and composed of a “hybrid backbone” lacking the 4′ phosphate and having a 1 phosphoet... | Capnocytophaga canimorsus , a commensal bacterium in dog's mouths , causes rare but dramatic infections in humans that have been bitten by dogs . The disease often begins with mild symptoms but progresses to severe septicemia . The lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , composed of lipid A , core and O-antigen , is one of the mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"carbohydrates",
"immunochemistry",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"inflammation",
"proteins",
"medical",
"mic... | 2012 | The Lipopolysaccharide from Capnocytophaga canimorsus Reveals an Unexpected Role of the Core-Oligosaccharide in MD-2 Binding |
Modular organization in biological networks has been suggested as a natural mechanism by which a cell coordinates its metabolic strategies for evolving and responding to environmental perturbations . To understand how this occurs , there is a need for developing computational schemes that contribute to integration of g... | Biological networks are an inherent concept in systems biology that is useful in elucidating how biological entities—as metabolites or proteins—work together in supporting specific phenotypes in microorganisms . Notably , topological analyses carried out over these networks have shown that modular organization is a ubi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"computer",
"science",
"nitrogen",
"metabolism",
"computer",
"modeling",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"metabolic",
"pathways",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"computerized",
"simulations",
"metabolism",
... | 2012 | Functional Modules, Structural Topology, and Optimal Activity in Metabolic Networks |
Novel vaccination approaches are needed to prevent leishmaniasis . Live attenuated vaccines are the gold standard for protection against intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania and there have been new developments in this field . The nonpathogenic to humans lizard protozoan parasite , Leishmania ( L ) tarentolae , h... | More than 98 countries are reported as endemic for leishmaniasis , a vector-borne disease transmitted by sand flies . Drug-resistant forms have emerged and there is an increased need to develop advanced preventive strategies . Live attenuated vaccines are the gold standard for protection against intracellular pathogens... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Enhanced Protective Efficacy of Nonpathogenic Recombinant Leishmania tarentolae Expressing Cysteine Proteinases Combined with a Sand Fly Salivary Antigen |
Treatment for clinical schistosomiasis has relied centrally on the broad spectrum anthelmintic praziquantel; however , there is limited information on its mode of action or the molecular response of the parasite . This paper presents a transcriptional and functional approach to defining the molecular responses of schis... | Schistosome infected mice were treated orally with a single sub-lethal dose of the anthelmintic praziquantel . Parasites were subsequently isolated 0 . 5–24 hours later and analysed by gene expression microarray . The transcriptional pattern was influenced by the sex of the parasite . Males up-regulated genes associate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"microbiology",
"parasitology",
"parasite",
"physiology",
"pharmacology",
"drug",
"metabolism",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"pharmacokinetics",
"microarrays",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell"... | 2013 | Transcriptional Responses of In Vivo Praziquantel Exposure in Schistosomes Identifies a Functional Role for Calcium Signalling Pathway Member CamKII |
Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS is a life-threatening disease mostly due to reactivation of Toxoplasma gondii cysts in the brain . The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of real-time PCR assay in peripheral blood samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS pati... | Diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis ( TE ) in patients with AIDS is not straightforward because clinicians rely initially on an empiric diagnosis based on clinical and radiographic improvement to specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii therapy . There is therefore a need for biological tools to improve the diagnosis of TE , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"ethnicities",
"protozoans",
"toxoplasma",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"in... | 2016 | Performance Testing of PCR Assay in Blood Samples for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in AIDS Patients from the French Departments of America and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii: A Prospective and Multicentric Study |
Parkinson disease affects more than 1% of the population over 60 y old . The dominant models for Parkinson disease are based on the use of chemical toxins to kill dopamine neurons , but do not address the risk factors that normally increase with age . Forkhead transcription factors are critical regulators of survival a... | The restoration of dopamine neurons is a major focus of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine . The gradual loss of these neurons is a hallmark of Parkinson disease . Dopamine neurons in the midbrain convey important sensory and motor functions to the forebrain . We show that the transcription factor FOXA2 plays ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2007 | The foxa2 Gene Controls the Birth and Spontaneous Degeneration of Dopamine Neurons in Old Age |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified ∼100 loci associated with blood lipid levels , but much of the trait heritability remains unexplained , and at most loci the identities of the trait-influencing variants remain unknown . We conducted a trans-ethnic fine-mapping study at 18 , 22 , and 18 GWAS loci... | Lipid traits are heritable , but many of the DNA variants that influence lipid levels remain unknown . In a genomic region , more than one variant may affect gene expression or function , and the frequencies of these variants can differ across populations . Genotyping densely spaced variants in individuals with differe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Trans-Ethnic Fine-Mapping of Lipid Loci Identifies Population-Specific Signals and Allelic Heterogeneity That Increases the Trait Variance Explained |
We present a selection design that couples S-adenosylmethionine–dependent methylation to growth . We demonstrate its use in improving the enzyme activities of not only N-type and O-type methyltransferases by 2-fold but also an acetyltransferase of another enzyme category when linked to a methylation pathway in Escheric... | Many important biological processes require methylation , e . g . , DNA methylation and synthesis of flavoring compounds , neurotransmitters , and antibiotics . Most methylation reactions in cells are catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine ( SAM ) –dependent methyltransferases ( Mtases ) using SAM as a methyl donor . Thus ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"methylation",
"nitriles",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"amino",
"acids",
"epigenet... | 2019 | Coupling S-adenosylmethionine–dependent methylation to growth: Design and uses |
The primary cilium , which disassembles before mitotic entry and reassembles after mitosis , organizes many signal transduction pathways that are crucial for cell life and individual development . However , how ciliogenesis is regulated during the cell cycle remains largely unknown . Here we show that GSK3β , Dzip1 , a... | The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle that projects out from the surface of cells and is present in almost all vertebrate cells , playing crucial roles in many cellular processes , including chemical sensation , signal transduction , and control of cell growth . The primary cilium assembles via a dynamic proc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | GSK3β-Dzip1-Rab8 Cascade Regulates Ciliogenesis after Mitosis |
The Drosophila glucoside xylosyltransferase Shams xylosylates Notch and inhibits Notch signaling in specific contexts including wing vein development . However , the molecular mechanisms underlying context-specificity of the shams phenotype is not known . Considering the role of Delta-Notch signaling in wing vein forma... | One of the key mechanisms used by neighboring cells to communicate with each other in animals is signaling through an evolutionarily conserved receptor family called Notch . Binding of Notch to ligands of the Delta/DLL and Serrate/JAG families from neighboring cells leads to activation of the signaling pathway and is c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"cell",
"physiology",
"invertebrates",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"cloning",
"carbohydrates",
"animals",
"notch",
"signaling",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animal",
"models",
"xylose",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
... | 2017 | Xylosylation of the Notch receptor preserves the balance between its activation by trans-Delta and inhibition by cis-ligands in Drosophila |
During bacterial exponential growth , the morphogenetic actin-like MreB proteins form membrane-associated assemblies that move processively following trajectories perpendicular to the long axis of the cell . Such MreB structures are thought to scaffold and restrict the movement of peptidoglycan synthesizing machineries... | In bacterial cells , like in their eukaryotic counterparts , precise spatiotemporal localization of proteins is critical for their cellular function . This study shows that the expression and the localization of the bacterial actin-like MreB protein are growth phase-dependent . During exponential growth , we previously... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | MreB-Dependent Inhibition of Cell Elongation during the Escape from Competence in Bacillus subtilis |
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is a herpesvirus that is linked to Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) , primary effusion lymphoma ( PEL ) and multicentric Castleman’s disease ( MCD ) . KSHV establishes persistent latent infection in the human host . KSHV undergoes periods of spontaneous reactivation where it can ... | Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is linked to a number of different human cancers , including Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) , primary effusion lymphoma ( PEL ) and multicentric Castleman’s disease ( MCD ) . KSHV predominantly establishes life-long latency in the infected host . Lytic reactivation from latency... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"pathology",
"and",
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"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"her... | 2017 | NLRX1 negatively modulates type I IFN to facilitate KSHV reactivation from latency |
Significant selection pressure has been exerted on the genomes of human populations exposed to Plasmodium falciparum infection , resulting in the acquisition of mechanisms of resistance against severe malarial disease . Many host genetic factors , including sickle cell trait , have been associated with reduced risk of ... | Malaria , caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites , is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in endemic countries of sub-Saharan Africa , including Tanzania . Some gene mutations in the human genome , including sickle cell trait , have been associated with reduced risk of developing severe malaria , and have incre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"anemia",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"protozoans",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecul... | 2018 | Novel genetic polymorphisms associated with severe malaria and under selective pressure in North-eastern Tanzania |
Plant gas exchange is regulated by guard cells that form stomatal pores . Stomatal adjustments are crucial for plant survival; they regulate uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis , loss of water , and entrance of air pollutants such as ozone . We mapped ozone hypersensitivity , more open stomata , and stomatal CO2-insensiti... | Human activities have increased the concentrations of CO2 and harmful air pollutants such as ozone in the troposphere . These changes can have detrimental consequences for agricultural productivity . Guard cells , which form stomatal pores on leaves , regulate plant gas exchange . To maintain photosynthesis , stomata o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"stem",
"anatomy",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"guard",
"cells",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"brassica",
"ions",
"anions",
"computational",
"biology",
"stomata",
"plant",
"scienc... | 2016 | Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Cvi-0 Accession Reveals an Important Role of MPK12 in Guard Cell CO2 Signaling |
The strict anaerobe Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea , and the oxygen-resistant spores that it forms have a central role in the infectious cycle . The late stages of sporulation require the mother cell regulatory protein σK . In Bacillus subtilis , the onset of σK activity requires ... | Clostridium difficile , a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea , produces resistant spores that facilitate its persistence in the environment including hospitals . C . difficile transmission is mediated by contamination of gut by spores . Understanding how this complex developmental process is regulated is fun... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"sporulation",
"organisms",
... | 2016 | A Recombination Directionality Factor Controls the Cell Type-Specific Activation of σK and the Fidelity of Spore Development in Clostridium difficile |
Giardia duodenalis is highly endemic in East Africa but its effects on child health , particularly of submicroscopic infections , i . e . , those below the threshold of microscopy , and of genetic subgroups ( assemblages ) , are not well understood . We aimed at addressing these questions and at examining epidemiologic... | Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite causing gastroenteritis . Although the parasite occurs worldwide , its regional prevalence varies considerably . Using PCR as a highly sensitive molecular diagnostic tool , we detected G . duodenalis in 60% of 583 children younger than five years in southern Rwanda . It was by... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"giardiasis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"nutrition",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"malnutrition",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"epidemiology",
"gastrointe... | 2012 | High Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B Infection and Association with Underweight in Rwandan Children |
Correct segregation of meiotic chromosomes depends on DNA crossovers ( COs ) between homologs that culminate into visible physical linkages called chiasmata . COs emerge from a larger population of joint molecules ( JM ) , the remainder of which are repaired as noncrossovers ( NCOs ) to restore genomic integrity . We p... | The creation of a viable individual from the fusion of egg and sperm requires that they each contain the correct number of chromosomes . This is ensured through the meiotic divisions , which initially fasten identical chromosomes through DNA linkages that hold them together until the cell is ready to separate them . To... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"gonads",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"caenorhabditis",
"animals",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"oocytes",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"e... | 2018 | C. elegans ZHP-4 is required at multiple distinct steps in the formation of crossovers and their transition to segregation competent chiasmata |
Broadly-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies ( bNAbs ) may guide vaccine development for highly variable viruses including hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , since they target conserved viral epitopes that could serve as vaccine antigens . However , HCV resistance to bNAbs could reduce the efficacy of a vaccine . HC33 . 4 and A... | Generation of an immune response that is protective against a wide variety of naturally occurring isolates is necessary for vaccines against highly variable viruses like hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) . Two broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies , HC33 . 4 and AR4A , neutralize multiple highly divergent HCV isolat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"neutralization",
"cell",
"binding",
"cell",
"physiology",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",... | 2017 | Extra-epitopic hepatitis C virus polymorphisms confer resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies by modulating binding to scavenger receptor B1 |
The cellular prion protein , designated PrPC , is a membrane glycoprotein expressed abundantly in brains and to a lesser extent in other tissues . Conformational conversion of PrPC into the amyloidogenic isoform is a key pathogenic event in prion diseases . However , the physiological functions of PrPC remain largely u... | Influenza A virus ( IAV ) is an enveloped , negative sense , single-stranded RNA virus , causing seasonal epidemic outbreaks of influenza . Anti-influenza agents targeting viral molecules , such as neuraminidase inhibitors , are currently available . However , these agents have accelerated emergence of mutant IAVs that... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"cell",
"death",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"microbiology"... | 2018 | Prion protein protects mice from lethal infection with influenza A viruses |
The p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases are recruited to DNA double-strand break ( DSB ) sites where they induce histone acetylation , thereby influencing the chromatin structure and DNA repair process . Whether p300/CBP at DSB sites also acetylate non-histone proteins , and how their acetylation affects DSB repair... | DNA double strand breaks ( DSBs ) are the most dangerous type of DNA damage in cells . Homologous recombination ( HR ) is a DSB repair system in which a central player , RAD51 , functions with several proteins , including RAD52 . DSBs activate the DNA damage response signaling network , in which the ataxia telangiectas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"immunofluorescence",
"staining",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunoblotting",
"immunoprecipitation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"specimen",
"preparat... | 2018 | Novel function of HATs and HDACs in homologous recombination through acetylation of human RAD52 at double-strand break sites |
Empirical evidence suggests that the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections in remote and poor rural areas is still high among children , the most vulnerable to infection . There is concern that STH infections may detrimentally affect children’s healthy development , including their cognitive abilit... | Empirical evidence suggests that the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections in remote and poor rural areas is still high among children , the most vulnerable to infection . There is concern that STH infections may detrimentally affect children’s healthy development , including their cognitive abilit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Southwestern China: A Cross-Sectional Study of Links to Cognitive Ability, Nutrition, and School Performance among Children |
The global-scale epidemiology and genome-wide evolutionary dynamics of influenza B remain poorly understood compared with influenza A viruses . We compiled a spatio-temporally comprehensive dataset of influenza B viruses , comprising over 2 , 500 genomes sampled worldwide between 1987 and 2015 , including 382 newly-seq... | Influenza B viruses cause roughly one third of the global influenza disease burden . However , many important questions regarding the global-scale molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of influenza B virus have yet to be comprehensively addressed compared to influenza A virus . This is in part due to limited... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"biogeography",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses... | 2017 | Genome-wide evolutionary dynamics of influenza B viruses on a global scale |
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) has been detected sporadically since the 1950s and includes three distinct co-circulating genotypes . In late 2013 , the Asian genotype of CHIKV was responsible for the Caribbean outbreak ( CO ) that rapidly became an epidemic throughout the Americas . There is a limited understanding of the... | Chikungunya is an arboviral disease that causes fever and acute viral febrile illness , which may be followed by months or years of debilitating joint pain in humans . There are currently no vaccines or anti-viral drugs to prevent or treat chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) infection . In late 2013 , CHIKV was introduced into... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"taxonomy",
"united",
"states",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microb... | 2018 | Differing epidemiological dynamics of Chikungunya virus in the Americas during the 2014-2015 epidemic |
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection with significant morbidity and mortality . The clinical presentation of leptospirosis is known to mimic the clinical profile of other prevalent tropical fevers . Laboratory confirmation of leptospirosis is based on the reference standard microscopic agglutination test ( MAT ) , dir... | Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease which is common in tropical countries , and spreads via contaminated rat urine . It has a potential for mortality and can cause failure of multiple body systems . The features of the disease mimics several other tropical diseases prevalent in the region . The modalities for laborato... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"laboratory",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"biomarkers",
... | 2016 | A Diagnostic Scoring Model for Leptospirosis in Resource Limited Settings |
The rok gene of Bacillus subtilis was identified as a negative regulator of competence development . It also controls expression of several genes not related to competence . We found that Rok binds to extended regions of the B . subtilis genome . These regions are characterized by a high A+T content and are known or be... | There are several mechanisms by which bacteria acquire exogenous DNA . Sometimes this genetic material is advantageous for bacterial cells , for example , by making them resistant to antibiotics . Other times , foreign DNA has genes that are deleterious to the new host . Bacteria have mechanisms for helping to silence ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2010 | The Transcriptional Regulator Rok Binds A+T-Rich DNA and Is Involved in Repression of a Mobile Genetic Element in Bacillus subtilis |
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