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Variability is emerging as an integral part of development . It is therefore imperative to ask how to access the information contained in this variability . Yet most studies of development average their observations and , discarding the variability , seek to derive models , biological or physical , that explain these a...	Biological noise is unavoidable in—and even necessary for—development . Here , we ask whether this variability can teach us something about the process that underlies it . We show how to access the information hidden in the variability in an analysis of the variability of cell sheet folding in the green alga Volvox glo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "classical", "mechanics", "light", "microscopy", "geometry", "developmental", "biology", "mathematics", "microscopy", "damage", "mechanics", "embryos", "plants", "morphogenesis", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "bending", "embryology", "deformation", "algae", "p...	2018	The noisy basis of morphogenesis: Mechanisms and mechanics of cell sheet folding inferred from developmental variability
Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite that is used as a model organism to study such biological phenomena as gene expression , protein trafficking , and cytoskeletal biogenesis . In T . brucei , endocytosis and exocytosis occur exclusively through a sequestered organelle called the flagellar pocket ( FP ) , an inv...	Trypanosomes are ubiquitous unicellular parasites that infect humans , animals , insects , and plants . African , Asian , and some South American trypanosomes have evolved the amazing ability to change their surface coat proteins , an essential strategy for their survival . The surface coat proteins are recycled and ta...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "cell", "biology", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2008	Biogenesis of the Trypanosome Endo-Exocytotic Organelle Is Cytoskeleton Mediated
The neuraminidase ( NA ) inhibitor oseltamivir offers an important immediate option for the control of influenza , and its clinical use has increased substantially during the recent H1N1 pandemic . In view of the high prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses in 2007–2008 , there is an urgent ...	Most of the currently circulating pandemic H1N1/2009 ( “swine” ) influenza viruses are susceptible to the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir . Many countries have stockpiled oseltamivir for pandemic preparedness , and to date only a small proportion of the H1N1/2009 viruses isolated have been oseltamivir-resistant . Howev...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection", "virology/antivirals,", "including", "modes", "of", "action", "and", "resistance", "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/respiratory", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/antimicrobials", "and", ...	2010	Oseltamivir–Resistant Pandemic H1N1/2009 Influenza Virus Possesses Lower Transmissibility and Fitness in Ferrets
The ability to learn sequential behaviors is a fundamental property of our brains . Yet a long stream of studies including recent experiments investigating motor sequence learning in adult human subjects have produced a number of puzzling and seemingly contradictory results . In particular , when subjects have to learn...	From dialing a phone number to driving home after work , much of human behavior is inherently sequential . But how do we learn such sequential behaviors and what neural plasticity mechanisms support this learning ? Recent experiments on sequence learning in human adults have produced a range of confusing findings , esp...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "learning", "neural", "networks", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "synaptic", "plasticity", "cognitive", "psychology", "human", "performance", "neuronal", "plasticity", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "developmental", "neur...	2017	A model of human motor sequence learning explains facilitation and interference effects based on spike-timing dependent plasticity
In an accident later known as the Lübeck disaster , 251 neonates were orally given three doses of the new Bacille Calmette–Guérin ( BCG ) antituberculosis ( TB ) vaccine contaminated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . A total of 173 infants developed clinical or radiological signs of TB but survived the infection , whil...	The Lübeck disaster is a unique event in the history of tuberculosis when 251 newborns were accidentally infected with a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The disaster happened while BCG was introduced as an anti-TB vaccine . In an exemplary multidisciplinary investigation , the disaster was shown to be d...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Description", "of", "the", "Accident", "Clinical", "Outcomes", "of", "Exposed", "Children", "Key", "Lessons", "from", "the", "Lübeck", "Disaster", "Implications", "for", "the", "Understanding", "of", "the", "“TB", "Susceptibility”", "Phe...	[]	2016	Tuberculosis in Newborns: The Lessons of the “Lübeck Disaster” (1929–1933)
mRNA levels are determined by the balance between transcription and mRNA degradation , and while transcription has been extensively studied , very little is known regarding the regulation of mRNA degradation and its coordination with transcription . Here we examine the evolution of mRNA degradation rates between two cl...	The regulation of mRNA levels in the cell is important to ensure , for instance , timely cellular responses to changes in the environment . mRNA transcription and mRNA degradation directly affect mRNA levels and it would make sense to have a system in place that would coordinate these opposing processes . Previous stud...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microarrays", "systems", "biology", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology", "gene", "regulation", "genetics", "regulatory", "networks", "molecular", "genetics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "genomic", "evolution", "comparative", "genomics", "genetics", "and", "g...	2011	Coupled Evolution of Transcription and mRNA Degradation
The nucleolus has shown to be integral for many processes related to cell growth and proliferation . Stem cells in particular are likely to depend upon nucleolus-based processes to remain in a proliferative state . A highly conserved nucleolar factor named nucleostemin is proposed to be a critical link between nucleola...	Stem cells are carefully poised between the alternate fates of proliferation and differentiation . The regulation of this choice is a complex one that occurs on many different levels . One major influence controlling this choice derives signals emanating from the nucleolus , which serves dual roles as the site of ribos...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/germ", "cells", "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "developmental", "biology/stem", "cells" ]	2008	C. elegans Nucleostemin Is Required for Larval Growth and Germline Stem Cell Division
There has been limited knowledge on spatio-temporal epidemiology of zoonotic arctic fox rabies among countries bordering the Arctic , in particular Greenland . Previous molecular epidemiological studies have suggested the occurrence of one particular arctic rabies virus ( RABV ) lineage ( arctic-3 ) , but have been lim...	Next to dog-mediated rabies , wildlife rabies continues to pose a public health problem , particularly in the northern hemisphere . Control of this zoonosis at the animal source has been proven the most efficient route to reduction of human rabies burden . Successful elimination of red fox-mediated rabies in Western Eu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "canada", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "rna", "extraction", "animals", "mammals", "viruses", "north", "america", ...	2016	Spatio-temporal Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Arctic Rabies Viruses and Their Reservoir Hosts in Greenland
The RNA helicase SUV3 and the polynucleotide phosphorylase PNPase are involved in the degradation of mitochondrial mRNAs but their roles in vivo are not fully understood . Additionally , upstream processes , such as transcript maturation , have been linked to some of these factors , suggesting either dual roles or tigh...	Although a number of factors have been implemented in the turnover of mitochondrial ( mt ) DNA-derived transcripts , their exact functions and interplay with one another is not entirely clear . Several of these factors have been proposed to co-ordinately regulate both transcript maturation , as well as degradation , bu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "messenger", "rna", "developmental", "biology", "northern", "blot", "mitochondria", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "bioenergetics", "rna", "isolation", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "gel", "electrophoresis", "res...	2019	Defects of mitochondrial RNA turnover lead to the accumulation of double-stranded RNA in vivo
Understanding the genetic and environmental factors that affect variation in life span and senescence is of major interest for human health and evolutionary biology . Multiple mechanisms affect longevity , many of which are conserved across species , but the genetic networks underlying each mechanism and cross-talk bet...	Recent advances in medical science as well as vastly improved living conditions have resulted in a steady increase in human life span , with a concomitant increase in health issues associated with aging . In addition , understanding life history evolution requires that we know why organisms age and why there is variati...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression" ]	2010	Quantitative and Molecular Genetic Analyses of Mutations Increasing Drosophila Life Span
Behavioral evidence suggests that instrumental conditioning is governed by two forms of action control: a goal-directed and a habit learning process . Model-based reinforcement learning ( RL ) has been argued to underlie the goal-directed process; however , the way in which it interacts with habits and the structure of...	In order to make choices that lead to desirable outcomes , individuals tend to deliberate over the consequences of various alternatives . This goal-directed deliberation is , however , slow and cognitively demanding . As a consequence , under appropriate conditions decision-making can become habitual and automatic . Th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Actions, Action Sequences and Habits: Evidence That Goal-Directed and Habitual Action Control Are Hierarchically Organized
A network of lineage-specific transcription factors and microRNAs tightly regulates differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells along the distinct lineages . Deregulation of this regulatory network contributes to impaired lineage fidelity and leukemogenesis . We found that the hematopoietic master regulator RUNX1 contr...	The regulatory network between transcription factors , epigenetic cofactors and microRNAs is decisive for normal hematopoiesis . The transcription factor RUNX1 is important for the establishment of a megakaryocytic gene expression program and the concomitant repression of erythroid genes during megakaryocytic different...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "chemical", "characterization", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "cell", "differentiation", "physiological", "processes", "developmental", "biology", "micrornas", ...	2016	MiR144/451 Expression Is Repressed by RUNX1 During Megakaryopoiesis and Disturbed by RUNX1/ETO
The cellular composition of heterogeneous samples can be predicted using an expression deconvolution algorithm to decompose their gene expression profiles based on pre-defined , reference gene expression profiles of the constituent populations in these samples . However , the expression profiles of the actual constitue...	The cellular composition of heterogeneous samples can be predicted from reference gene expression profiles that represent the homogeneous , constituent populations of the heterogeneous samples . However , existing methods fail when the reference profiles are not representative of the constituent populations . We develo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "computer", "science", "mathematical", "computing", "gene", "expression", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "computing", "methods", "molecular", "biology" ]	2012	PERT: A Method for Expression Deconvolution of Human Blood Samples from Varied Microenvironmental and Developmental Conditions
Identifying molecular connections between developmental processes and disease can lead to new hypotheses about health risks at all stages of life . Here we introduce a new approach to identifying significant connections between gene sets and disease genes , and apply it to several gene sets related to human development...	Understanding the roles that genes involved in normal human development can play in disease processes is an important part of predicting disease risk and designing novel treatment approaches . In this study , we have identified classes of disease that are associated with a surprisingly large number of genes involved in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "molecular", "development", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "computational", "biology", "genetics", "of", "disease", "pediatrics" ]	2014	Finding Novel Molecular Connections between Developmental Processes and Disease
The last decade has witnessed important advances in our understanding of the genetics of pigmentation in European populations , but very little is known about the genes involved in skin pigmentation variation in East Asian populations . Here , we present the results of a study evaluating the association of 10 Single Nu...	Our knowledge of the genetic basis of normal pigmentation variation in human populations is quite incomplete . Recent studies have identified some of the genes responsible for the reduction in melanin content in European populations , but this is not the case for other population groups , such as East Asians . Here , w...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/human", "evolution", "genetics", "and", "genomics/population", "genetics" ]	2010	Association of the OCA2 Polymorphism His615Arg with Melanin Content in East Asian Populations: Further Evidence of Convergent Evolution of Skin Pigmentation
Synaptic plasticity is thought to induce memory traces in the brain that are the foundation of learning . To ensure the stability of these traces in the presence of further learning , however , a regulation of plasticity appears beneficial . Here , we take up the recent suggestion that dendritic inhibition can switch p...	We must constantly learn in order to meet the demands of a dynamically changing environment . The basis of learning is believed to be synaptic plasticity , i . e . the potential of neuronal connections to change . Depending on context , however , it may be either useful to learn and modify connections or , alternativel...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "action", "potentials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nervous", "system", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "signal", "inhibition", "synaptic", "plasticity", "interneurons", "calcium", "signaling", "neuronal", "dendrites", "developmen...	2016	Inhibition as a Binary Switch for Excitatory Plasticity in Pyramidal Neurons
The coordination of subcellular processes during adaptation to environmental change is a key feature of biological systems . Starvation of essential nutrients slows cell cycling and ultimately causes G1 arrest , and nitrogen starvation delays G2/M progression . Here , we show that budding yeast cells can be efficiently...	A nutrient stress such as nitrogen depletion induces pleiotropic responses in eukaryotic cells . For example , nutrient starvation slows cell cycling and ultimately causes G1 arrest . In addition , it is known that nitrogen starvation delays G2/M progression . However , the mechanism as to how G2/M-delayed cells progre...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cellular", "stress", "responses", "genetic", "mutation", "microbiology", "gene", "function", "model", "organisms", "cell", "division", "cell", "growth", "molecular", "genetics", "chromosome", "biology", "biology", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "yeast", "and", "funga...	2013	The Role of Autophagy in Genome Stability through Suppression of Abnormal Mitosis under Starvation
Clearance of apoptotic cells by engulfment plays an important role in the homeostasis and development of multicellular organisms . Despite the fact that the recognition of apoptotic cells by engulfment receptors is critical in inducing the engulfment process , the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood . Here...	When cells undergo apoptosis , their corpses are quickly recognized and phagocytosed by engulfing cells . Although many cell types , such as muscle cells and epithelial cells , possess the ability to remove apoptotic cells , little is known about the receptors and signaling pathways used for apoptotic cell uptake by th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "biology" ]	2012	Integrin α PAT-2/CDC-42 Signaling Is Required for Muscle-Mediated Clearance of Apoptotic Cells in Caenorhabditis elegans
Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa . However , none of the hospitals in the endemic areas of Nigeria has the capacity to perform Lassa virus diagnostics . Case identification and management solely relies on non-specific clinical criteria . The Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital ( ISTH ) in ...	In the past , diagnostic testing for Lassa fever patients in Nigeria has been performed nearly exclusively outside of the country . Patients thus were managed on-site based on clinical suspicion alone , posing risks to patients and health care workers and exhausting resources . To tackle this problem , we established a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "viral", "classification", "emerging", "viral", "diseases", "microbiology", "rna", "viruses", "emerging", "infectious", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "control", "lassa", "fever", "viral", "disease", "diagnosis", "v...	2012	Molecular Diagnostics for Lassa Fever at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: Lessons Learnt from Two Years of Laboratory Operation
Mating of budding yeast cells is a model system for studying cell-cell interactions . Haploid yeast cells secrete mating pheromones that are sensed by the partner which responds by growing a mating projection toward the source . The two projections meet and fuse to form the diploid . Successful mating relies on precise...	One of the riddles of Nature is how cells interact with one another to create complex cellular networks such as the neural networks in the brain . Forming precise connections between irregularly shaped cells is a challenge for biology . We developed computational methods for simulating these complex cell-cell interacti...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "enzymes", "enzymology", "cell", "polarity", "physiological", "processes", "model", "organisms", "sex", "pheromones", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", ...	2016	Modelling of Yeast Mating Reveals Robustness Strategies for Cell-Cell Interactions
AmrZ , a member of the Ribbon-Helix-Helix family of DNA binding proteins , functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor of multiple genes encoding Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors . The expression of these virulence factors leads to chronic and sustained infections associated with worsening progn...	The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a variety of human infections and is the leading cause of death in patients with cystic fibrosis . The main reason for the severity of these infections arises from the ability of P . aeruginosa to express virulence factors that protect it from the host immune system . Several...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbial", "metabolism", "macromolecular", "assemblies", "microbiology", "dna", "transcription", "protein", "structure", "dna", "dna", "structure", "bacterial", "pathogens", "proteins", "gene", "expression", "biology", "biophysics", "molecular", "biology", "biochemistry",...	2012	The Transcription Factor AmrZ Utilizes Multiple DNA Binding Modes to Recognize Activator and Repressor Sequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Genes
The functional significance of correlations between action potentials of neurons is still a matter of vivid debate . In particular , it is presently unclear how much synchrony is caused by afferent synchronized events and how much is intrinsic due to the connectivity structure of cortex . The available analytical appro...	Whether spike timing conveys information in cortical networks or whether the firing rate alone is sufficient is a matter of controversial debate , touching the fundamental question of how the brain processes , stores , and conveys information . If the firing rate alone is the decisive signal used in the brain , correla...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "neural", "networks", "computational", "neuroscience", "single", "neuron", "function", "biology", "neuroscience", "coding", "mechanisms" ]	2013	Noise Suppression and Surplus Synchrony by Coincidence Detection
Chagas disease ( CD ) is endemic in Central and South America , Mexico and even in some areas of the United States . However , cases have been increasingly recorded also in non-endemic countries . The estimated number of infected people in Europe is in a wide range of 14000 to 181000 subjects , mostly resident in Spain...	Chagas disease is endemic in Central and South America , Mexico and part of the United States . However , migration flows permitted a diffusion outside those borders , so nowadays there are infected people living in Europe , mostly in Spain , Italy and the United Kingdom . This manuscript describes the patients with Ch...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "plant", "science", "chagas", "disease", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "plant", "pathology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "protozoan...	2014	Profile of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in a Tropical Medicine Reference Center, Northern Italy
Human adenovirus serotypes Ad3 , Ad7 , Ad11 , and Ad14 use the epithelial junction protein desmoglein 2 ( DSG2 ) as a receptor for infection . During Ad infection , the fiber and penton base capsid proteins are produced in vast excess and form hetero-oligomers , called pentons . It has been shown for Ad3 that pentons s...	We have recently reported that a group of human Ads uses DSG2 as a receptor for infection . Among the DSG2-interacting Ads is serotype 3 , which is widely distributed in the human population . During Ad3 infection , subviral particles ( PtDd ) formed by two capsid proteins are produced in vast excess and released early...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Penton-Dodecahedral Particles Trigger Opening of Intercellular Junctions and Facilitate Viral Spread during Adenovirus Serotype 3 Infection of Epithelial Cells
Bmal1 is an essential transcriptional activator within the mammalian circadian clock . We report here that the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) of Bmal1-null mutant mice , unexpectedly , generates stochastic oscillations with periods that overlap the circadian range . Dissociated SCN neurons expressed fluctuating levels...	The suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) is the master circadian pacemaker in mammals that controls and coordinates physiological processes in a daily manner . The SCN is composed of a network of cells , with each cell acting as an autonomous oscillator . In isolated individual cells , timekeeping is not precise because of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neuroscience/neural", "homeostasis", "computational", "biology/transcriptional", "regulation" ]	2010	Emergence of Noise-Induced Oscillations in the Central Circadian Pacemaker
Human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV-8 ) is causally related to human malignancies . HHV-8 latent viral FLICE-inhibitory protein ( vFLIP ) is a viral oncoprotein that is linked to pathogenesis , but how its expression is regulated is largely unknown . In an attempt to understand the role of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (...	HHV-8 , also known as Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) , is the etiological agent of several malignancies occurring in individuals with severe immunosuppression , as occurs in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and transplantation . The viral latent proteins , required for persistent infection , are bel...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "autophagic", "cell", "death", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "293t", "cells", "biological", "cultures", "cell", "processes", "immunoblotting", "mitochondria", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "bioenergetics", "peroxisomes", "cellular", "structu...	2018	Peroxisomes support human herpesvirus 8 latency by stabilizing the viral oncogenic protein vFLIP via the MAVS-TRAF complex
Leishmaniasis is a complex parasitic disease from a taxonomic , clinical and epidemiological point of view . The role of genetic exchanges has been questioned for over twenty years and their recent experimental demonstration along with the identification of interspecific hybrids in natura has revived this debate . Afte...	The mechanisms of genomic and genetic evolution in the Leishmania order , a protozoan group that contains about twenty pathogenic species , are the focus of much debate . Although these parasites have been considered for years to reproduce clonally , recent works have demonstrated both experimental and in natura intra-...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "genomics", "genetics", "microbiology", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2013	Genetic Structure and Evolution of the Leishmania Genus in Africa and Eurasia: What Does MLSA Tell Us
Erythropoietin ( Epo ) -induced Stat5 phosphorylation ( p-Stat5 ) is essential for both basal erythropoiesis and for its acceleration during hypoxic stress . A key challenge lies in understanding how Stat5 signaling elicits distinct functions during basal and stress erythropoiesis . Here we asked whether these distinct...	Hormone signaling through the erythropoietin ( Epo ) pathway is required both for the continuous replacement of red blood cells ( RBCs ) that are lost through aging ( a process known as "basal erythropoiesis" ) and to boost tissue oxygen when bleeding , in anemia or at high altitude ( "stress erythropoiesis" ) . A key ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology" ]	2012	Stat5 Signaling Specifies Basal versus Stress Erythropoietic Responses through Distinct Binary and Graded Dynamic Modalities
The mammalian hippocampus plays a crucial role in producing a cognitive map of space—an internalized representation of the animal’s environment . We have previously shown that it is possible to model this map formation using a topological framework , in which information about the environment is transmitted through the...	One of the goals of theoretical systems neuroscience is to connect parameters of neuronal activity observed in electrophysiological experiments , such as cell firing rates , frequencies and amplitudes of the brain rhythms , with cognitive phenomena that emerge at the scale of large groups of cells . In previous work , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "learning", "cell", "physiology", "action", "potentials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neural", "networks", "membrane", "potential", "brain", "social", "sciences", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "cognitive", "psychology", ...	2016	Gamma Synchronization Influences Map Formation Time in a Topological Model of Spatial Learning
Post-operative recurrence in mycetoma after adequate medical and surgical treatment is common and a serious problem . It has health , socio-economic and psychological detrimental effects on patients and families . It is with this in mind , we set out to determine the predictors of post-operative recurrence in mycetoma ...	Post-operative recurrence in mycetoma is a thoughtful problem . It has numerous undesirable medical , health , socio-economic and psychological impacts on the affected patients and their families , communities and health authorities in endemic regions . It is an important motive for patients to drop out follow up and t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "mycetoma", "engineering", "and", "technology", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "sudan", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "health", "care",...	2016	Predictors of Post-operative Mycetoma Recurrence Using Machine-Learning Algorithms: The Mycetoma Research Center Experience
Assembly and release of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) occur at the plasma membrane of infected cells and are driven by the Gag polyprotein . Previous studies analyzed viral morphogenesis using biochemical methods and static images , while dynamic and kinetic information has been lacking until very recently . Usi...	Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) particles are formed and released at the plasma membrane of the infected cell . Here , we analyzed the dynamics of HIV assembly and release making use of fluorescently labeled HIV structural proteins . We determined that assembly of the viral protein shell occurs within ∼8–9 min aft...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/virion", "structure,", "assembly,", "and", "egress", "virology/immunodeficiency", "viruses", "virology/viral", "replication", "and", "gene", "regulation" ]	2009	Dynamics of HIV-1 Assembly and Release
Ageing populations pose one of the main public health crises of our time . Reprogramming gene expression by altering the activities of sequence-specific transcription factors ( TFs ) can ameliorate deleterious effects of age . Here we explore how a circuit of TFs coordinates pro-longevity transcriptional outcomes , whi...	Understanding the basic biology of ageing may help us to reduce the burden of ill-health that old age brings . Ageing is modulated by changes to gene expression , which are orchestrated by the coordinate activity of proteins called transcription factors ( TFs ) . E-twenty six ( ETS ) TFs are a large family with cellula...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "gene", "regulation", "diet", "animals", "invertebrate", "genomics", "dna", "transcription", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "nutrition", "experimental", "organism", "systems...	2019	Longevity is determined by ETS transcription factors in multiple tissues and diverse species
Progesterone , via the progesterone receptor ( PGR ) , is essential for endometrial stromal cell decidualization , a cellular transformation event in which stromal fibroblasts differentiate into decidual cells . Uterine decidualization supports embryo implantation and placentation as well as subsequent events , which t...	Following embryo attachment to the uterine epithelium , the underlying decidualized stroma is critical for further invasion by the conceptus into the maternal compartment . Because endometrial decidualization is required early in the continuum of events that lead to a successful pregnancy , abnormal decidualization can...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "uterus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chemical", "characterization", "reproductive", "system", "maternal", "health", "obstetrics", "and", "gynecology", "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "hormones", "women's", "health"...	2016	The Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Is Critical for Human Endometrial Stromal Cell Decidualization
Many fundamental cellular processes such as gene expression are tightly regulated by protein allostery . Allosteric signal propagation from the regulatory to the active site requires long-range communication , the molecular mechanism of which remains a matter of debate . A classical example for long-range allostery is ...	Proteins carry out most of the cellular processes , from metabolic reactions to the regulation and expression of genes . Tight and effective regulation of the executing protein machinery is commonly achieved by allostery . The only general requirement for allosteric communication is the transmission of a signal , e . g...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biophysics/biomacromolecule-ligand", "interactions", "biophysics/cell", "signaling", "and", "trafficking", "structures", "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation" ]	2009	Dynamic Allostery in the Methionine Repressor Revealed by Force Distribution Analysis
While innate behaviors are conserved throughout the animal kingdom , it is unknown whether common signaling pathways regulate the development of neuronal populations mediating these behaviors in diverse organisms . Here , we demonstrate that the Wnt/ß-catenin effector Lef1 is required for the differentiation of anxioly...	Humans , mice , fish , and even flies exhibit anxiety-like behavior despite the fact that their brain anatomy varies widely . This study reveals another common thread that runs through these diverse animals: the molecular origins of their shared behavior . Gene knockout experiments in mouse and zebrafish show that the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "in", "situ", "hybridization", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "brain", "vertebrates", "mice", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "animal", "models", "osteichthyes", "developmenta...	2017	Lef1-dependent hypothalamic neurogenesis inhibits anxiety
Many proteins contribute to the contractile properties of muscles , most notably myosin thick filaments , which are anchored at the M-line , and actin thin filaments , which are anchored at the Z-discs that border each sarcomere . In humans , mutations in the actin-binding protein Filamin-C result in myopathies , but t...	The Z-disc is a macromolecular complex required to attach and stabilize actin thin filaments in the sarcomere , the smallest contractile unit of striated muscles . Mutations in Z-disc-associated proteins typically result in muscle disorders . Dimeric filamin organizes actin filaments , localizes at the Z-disc in verteb...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "motility", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "actin", "filaments", "myofibrils", "rna", "interference", "muscle", "tissue", "muscle", "proteins", "epigenetics", "contractile", "proteins", "actins", "animal", "cells", "proteins", "genetic", "interference"...	2017	Filamin actin-binding and titin-binding fulfill distinct functions in Z-disc cohesion
The TLO genes are a family of telomere-associated ORFs in the fungal pathogens Candida albicans and C . dubliniensis that encode a subunit of the Mediator complex with homology to Med2 . The more virulent pathogen C . albicans has 15 copies of the gene whereas the less pathogenic species C . dubliniensis has only two (...	Candida albicans and C . dubliniensis are fungal pathogens of humans . Both species possess TLO genes encoding proteins with homology to the Med2 subunit of Mediator . The more virulent pathogen C . albicans has 15 copies of the TLO gene whereas the less pathogenic species C . dubliniensis has only two ( TLO1 and TLO2 ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "transcription", "activators", "fungal", "genetics", "gene", "regulation", "microbiology", "fungal", "evolution", "molecular", "genetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "mutagenesis", "and", "gene", "deletion", "techniques", "fungal", "pathogens", "mycology", "pro...	2014	Telomeric ORFs (TLOs) in Candida spp. Encode Mediator Subunits That Regulate Distinct Virulence Traits
Mammary gland branching morphogenesis and ductal homeostasis relies on mammary stem cell function for the maintenance of basal and luminal cell compartments . The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the basal cell compartment are currently unknown . We explored these mechanisms in the basal cell compartment and...	Recent advancements in mammary gland biology demonstrate conflicting models in maintenance of basal and luminal cell compartments by either unipotent or bipotent mammary stem cells . However , the molecular mechanisms underlying control of the basal cell compartment , including stem cells , remain poorly understood . H...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetic", "networks", "transcription", "activators", "functional", "genomics", "gene", "regulation", "cell", "processes", "dna-binding", "proteins", "cell", "differentiation", "epithelial", "cells", "gene", "function", "developmental", "biology", "stem", "cells", "branch...	2014	The Co-factor of LIM Domains (CLIM/LDB/NLI) Maintains Basal Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells and Promotes Breast Tumorigenesis
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum are the most frequent causative agents of human intestinal schistosomiasis . Approximately 200 million people in the world are infected with schistosomes . Diagnosis of schistosomiasis is often difficult . High percentages of low level infections are missed in routine fecal...	In the present study , we investigated the mechanism underlying a novel diagnostic method for Schistosoma – one of the most widespread and frequently occurring parasites infecting humans in tropical countries . In recent years , the world has seen significant reduction in the burden of Schistosoma infections in many co...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biotechnology", "bioengineering", "medicine", "physics", "infectious", "diseases", "medical", "devices", "diagnostic", "medicine", "drugs", "and", "devices", "biology", "microbiology", "biophysics", "parasitology" ]	2013	The Iron Distribution and Magnetic Properties of Schistosome Eggshells: Implications for Improved Diagnostics
Virtually all of the elements of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) pathogenesis , including pro-inflammatory cytokine production , granuloma formation , cachexia , and mortality , can be induced by its predominant cell wall glycolipid , trehalose 6 , 6′-dimycolate ( TDM/cord factor ) . TDM mediates these potent inflam...	The causative agent of tuberculosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , has a lipid-rich cell wall that contains a high percentage of mycolic acids . These mycolic acids contribute to both the impermeable nature of the cell wall and to the immunostimulatory properties of the bacterium . Indeed , it has been known for over 5...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections", "microbiology/immunity", "to", "infections", "immunology/innate", "immunity" ]	2009	MARCO, TLR2, and CD14 Are Required for Macrophage Cytokine Responses to Mycobacterial Trehalose Dimycolate and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chagas disease , resulting from infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi ( T . cruzi ) , is a major cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America . Drug therapy for acute and chronic disease is limited . Stem cell therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal cells ( MSCs ) has emerged as a novel therapeutic option for cell dea...	Chagas disease , resulting from infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , is a major cause of heart disease in Latin America . Treatment options are limited to a small number of drugs that were developed more than four decades ago and which have various drawbacks . Stem cell therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biotechnology", "medicine", "diagnostic", "medicine", "physiology", "biology", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", "cardiovascular" ]	2012	Mesenchymal Bone Marrow Cell Therapy in a Mouse Model of Chagas Disease. Where Do the Cells Go?
When taking a blood meal on a person infected with malaria , female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes , the major vector of human malaria , acquire nutrients that will activate egg development ( oogenesis ) in their ovaries . Simultaneously , they infect themselves with the malaria parasite . On traversing the mosquito midg...	Malaria annually claims the lives of almost 1 million infants and imposes a major socio-economic burden on Africa and other tropical regions . Meanwhile , the detailed biological interactions between the malaria parasite and its Anopheles mosquito vector remain largely enigmatic . What we do know is that the majority o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression" ]	2010	The Major Yolk Protein Vitellogenin Interferes with the Anti-Plasmodium Response in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Centromere sequences are not conserved between species , and there is compelling evidence for epigenetic regulation of centromere identity , with location being dictated by the presence of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A . Paradoxically , in most organisms CENP-A chromatin generally occurs on particu...	The kinetochore directs the separation of chromosomes and is assembled at a special region of the chromosome—the centromere . DNA is wrapped around particles called nucleosomes , which contain histone proteins . The nucleosomes at centromeres are specialized , and contain the centromere-specific histone CENP-A . CENP-A...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Sequence Features and Transcriptional Stalling within Centromere DNA Promote Establishment of CENP-A Chromatin
Access to health care is a major requirement in improving health and fostering socioeconomic development . In the People's Republic of China ( P . R . China ) , considerable changes have occurred in the social , economic , and health systems with a shift from a centrally planned to a socialist market economy . This bro...	China has made great strides toward reducing the burden of schistosomiasis , facilitated by sustained political commitment and a multi-faceted , integrated control strategy . The ultimate goal is disease elimination , which might be challenging due to high rates of re-infection , clusters of re-emergence , and growing ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "control" ]	2013	Health Access Livelihood Framework Reveals Potential Barriers in the Control of Schistosomiasis in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, China
Visual pattern detection and discrimination are essential first steps for scene analysis . Numerous human psychophysical studies have modeled visual pattern detection and discrimination by estimating linear templates for classifying noisy stimuli defined by spatial variations in pixel intensities . However , such metho...	Many naturally occurring visual boundaries are defined by spatial differences in features other than luminance , for example by differences in texture or contrast . Quantitative models of such “second-order” boundary perception cannot be estimated using the standard regression techniques ( known as “classification imag...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Appendix", "A" ]	[ "neural", "networks", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "human", "performance", "artificial", "intelligence", "vision", "neuronal", "tuning", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "animal", "cells", "behavior", "psychology", "cellular", "neuroscience", "cell",...	2019	Modeling second-order boundary perception: A machine learning approach
Psychostimulant addiction is a heritable substance use disorder; however its genetic basis is almost entirely unknown . Quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) mapping in mice offers a complementary approach to human genome-wide association studies and can facilitate environment control , statistical power , novel gene discov...	Both genetic and environmental factors can powerfully modulate susceptibility to substance use disorders . Quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) mapping is an unbiased discovery-based approach that is used to identify novel genetic factors and provide new mechanistic insight into phenotypic variation associated with disease...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Hnrnph1 Is A Quantitative Trait Gene for Methamphetamine Sensitivity
Cell-substrate adherence is a fundamental property of microorganisms that enables them to exist in biofilms . Our study focuses on adherence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans to one substrate , silicone , that is relevant to device-associated infection . We conducted a mutant screen with a quantitative flow-cell ...	Most microorganisms adhere to surfaces in nature , leading to formation of complex communities called biofilms . Pathogen adherence to medical devices is the basis for device-associated infection . We have focused on the control of adherence in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans . We find that this process is under c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "biology", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Portrait of Candida albicans Adherence Regulators
ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 ( AS1 ) is a MYB-type transcription repressor that controls leaf development by regulating KNOX gene expression , but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear . In this study , we demonstrated that AS1 can interact with the histone deacetylase HDA6 in vitro and in vivo . The KNOX genes we...	AS1 is a MYB-type transcription repressor that controls leaf patterning by repressing class-1 KNOX gene expression . The molecular mechanism by which AS1 represses KNOX gene expression is still unclear . In this study , we found that AS1 interacted with the histone deacetylase HDA6 . Furthermore , HDA6 repressed KNOX g...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "biology", "gene", "regulation", "histone", "modification", "plant", "science", "epigenetics", "molecular", "genetics", "plants", "leafs", "gene", "expression", "plant", "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "molecular", ...	2012	Histone Deacetylase HDA6 Is Functionally Associated with AS1 in Repression of KNOX Genes in Arabidopsis
The finger ridge count ( a measure of pattern size ) is one of the most heritable complex traits studied in humans and has been considered a model human polygenic trait in quantitative genetic analysis . Here , we report the results of the first genome-wide linkage scan for finger ridge count in a sample of 2 , 114 off...	Finger ridge count ( an index of the size of the fingerprint pattern ) has been used as a model trait for the study of human quantitative genetics for over 80 years . Here , we present the first genome-wide linkage scan for finger ridge count in a large sample of 2 , 114 offspring from 922 nuclear families . Our result...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics", "homo", "(human)" ]	2007	Linkage Analysis of a Model Quantitative Trait in Humans: Finger Ridge Count Shows Significant Multivariate Linkage to 5q14.1
Chagas disease is the highest impact parasitic disease in Latin America . We have proposed that changes in Trypanosoma cruzi-specific immune responses might serve as surrogate indicators of treatment success . Herein , we addressed in a long-term follow-up study whether cure achieved after treatment can be predicted by...	This study demonstrates that alterations in immunological parameters early after treatment with benznidazole in Chagas disease patients are predictors of treatment efficacy . Cure was associated with an early decline in T . cruzi-specific IFN-γ-producing T cells and in antibody titers and with high basal levels of T . ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "protozoans", "neglected"...	2016	Treatment Success in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Is Predicted by Early Changes in Serially Monitored Parasite-Specific T and B Cell Responses
The hydatid disease parasite Echinococcus granulosus has a restricted lipid metabolism , and needs to harvest essential lipids from the host . Antigen B ( EgAgB ) , an abundant lipoprotein of the larval stage ( hydatid cyst ) , is thought to be important in lipid storage and transport . It contains a wide variety of li...	Echinococcus granulosus is a causative agent of hydatidosis , a parasitic disease that affects humans and livestock with significant economic and public health impact worldwide . Antigen B ( EgAgB ) , an abundant product of E . granulosus larvae , is a lipoprotein that carries a wide variety of lipids , including fatty...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Lipid-Free Antigen B Subunits from Echinococcus granulosus: Oligomerization, Ligand Binding, and Membrane Interaction Properties
Spike-timing dependent plasticity ( STDP ) is a widespread plasticity mechanism in the nervous system . The simplest description of STDP only takes into account pairs of pre- and postsynaptic spikes , with potentiation of the synapse when a presynaptic spike precedes a postsynaptic spike and depression otherwise . In l...	Synaptic plasticity is believed to underlie learning and memory by competitive strengthening and weakening of synapses in neural networks . However , the ability to form new memories while maintaining the old ones involves an intricate balance between synaptic stability and competition . In one of the most widespread s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Models" ]	[ "action", "potentials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "second", "messenger", "system", "mechanisms", "of", "signal", "transduction", "nervous", "system", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "synaptic", ...	2016	Stability and Competition in Multi-spike Models of Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity
Quantitative real time PCR ( qPCR ) offers rapid diagnosis of rickettsial infections . Thus , successful treatment could be initiated to avoid unfavorable outcome . Our aim was to compare two qPCR assays for Rickettsia detection and to evaluate their contribution in early diagnosis of rickettsial infection in Tunisian ...	Rickettsial diagnosis is challenging in routine laboratory . Serology offers only retrospective diagnosis . We aimed to introduce molecular methods in routine diagnosis of these infections . The lack of standardized methods led us to compare real time PCR assays previously reported in order to implement a clear strateg...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Comparison of Two Quantitative Real Time PCR Assays for Rickettsia Detection in Patients from Tunisia
We propose a new computational method for exploring chromatin structural organization based on Markov State Modelling of Hi-C data represented as an interaction network between genomic loci . A Markov process describes the random walk of a traveling probe in the corresponding energy landscape , mimicking the motion of ...	A new era in chromatin research started with the availability of Hi-C data and new experimental techniques driving improvements in data resolution enable us to achieve a deeper understanding of the chromatin structure and function , while calling , at the same time , for the development of more advanced analytical meth...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "markov", "models", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "statistics", "histone", "modification", "mathematics", "epigenetics", "chromatin", "chromosome", "biology", "gene", "expression", "chromatin", "modification", "genetic", "loci", "probability", "theory", "c...	2018	Exploring chromatin hierarchical organization via Markov State Modelling
Chitin synthase and chitinase play crucial roles in chitin biosynthesis and degradation during insect molting . Silencing of Dicer-1 results in reduced levels of mature miRNAs and severely blocks molting in the migratory locust . However , the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in the molting process of locusts has remaine...	Molting is a crucial process in the growth and development in insects . Disturbing the molting process represents an attractive strategy for developing safe and effective insecticides . The migratory locust is a hemimetabolous pest that undergoes five molting stages in its life cycle . Similar molting defects can be ob...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "chitin", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "luciferase", "locusts", "gene", "regulation", "enzymes", "enzymology", "animals", "insect", "pests", "physiological", "processes", "developmental", "biology", "micrornas", "nymphs", "materials", "science...	2016	miR-71 and miR-263 Jointly Regulate Target Genes Chitin synthase and Chitinase to Control Locust Molting
We have shown previously that Sp100 ( a component of the ND10 nuclear body ) represses transcription , replication and establishment of incoming human papillomavirus ( HPV ) DNA in the early stages of infection . In this follow up study , we show that Sp100 does not substantially regulate viral infection in the mainten...	Host restriction factors act to limit viral infection as part of the intrinsic immune system . Upon entry into cells , human papillomaviruses ( HPV ) encounter anti-viral nuclear bodies , called ND10 , and components of these bodies , such as Sp100 , restrict early viral infection . If HPV escapes these defenses , it c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "keratinocytes", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "microbiology", "cell", "differentiation", "epithelial", "cells", "viruses", "developmental", "biology", "dna", "replication", "dna",...	2017	Sp100 colocalizes with HPV replication foci and restricts the productive stage of the infectious cycle
Infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages ( MDMs ) and resident microglia dominate central nervous system ( CNS ) injury sites . Differential roles for these cell populations after injury are beginning to be uncovered . Here , we show evidence that MDMs and microglia directly communicate with one another and differenti...	The immune and the central nervous systems are now thought to be inextricably linked . In response to injury , the immune system shapes CNS recovery through a complex of molecular and cellular mediators . However , it is unclear how the kinetics , magnitude , and components of this response can be harnessed to improve ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "traumatic", "injury", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "innate", "immune", "system", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cytokines", "nervous", "system", "immunology", "cell", "processes"...	2018	Peripherally derived macrophages modulate microglial function to reduce inflammation after CNS injury
Gene drives have enormous potential for the control of insect populations of medical and agricultural relevance . By preferentially biasing their own inheritance , gene drives can rapidly introduce genetic traits even if these confer a negative fitness effect on the population . We have recently developed gene drives b...	Gene drives are selfish genetic elements that are able to bias their own inheritance among offspring . Starting from very low frequencies they can rapidly invade a population in just a few generations , even when imposing a fitness cost . Gene drives based on the precise DNA cutting enzyme CRISPR have been shown recent...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nucleases", "enzymes", "dna-binding", "proteins", "enzymology", "animals", "alleles", "genetic", "mapping", "mutation", "gene", "sequencing", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "inse...	2017	The creation and selection of mutations resistant to a gene drive over multiple generations in the malaria mosquito
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans causes lethal systemic infections in humans . To better define how pathogens resist oxidative attack by the immune system , we examined a family of four Flavodoxin-Like Proteins ( FLPs ) in C . albicans . In agreement with previous studies showing that FLPs in bacteria and plants ac...	Oxidative damage is a fundamental problem for cells and a particular challenge for microbial pathogens , which require special mechanisms to resist the oxidative attack by the host immune system . We identified four proteins in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans that belong to a large family of enzymes in bacte...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Flavodoxin-Like Proteins Protect Candida albicans from Oxidative Stress and Promote Virulence
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a genetically tractable animal host in which to study evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of innate immune signaling . We previously showed that the PMK-1 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathway regulates innate immunity of C . elegans through phosphoryla...	Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading microbes across metazoans . Caenorhabditis elegans lacks adaptive immunity and is therefore particularly dependent on mounting an innate immune response against pathogens . A major component of this response is the conserved PMK-1/p38 MAPK signaling cascade ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "caenorhabditis", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "animals", "dna", "transcription", "pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "animal", "models", "...	2019	Global transcriptional regulation of innate immunity by ATF-7 in C. elegans
Single base substitutions constitute the most frequent type of human gene mutation and are a leading cause of cancer and inherited disease . These alterations occur non-randomly in DNA , being strongly influenced by the local nucleotide sequence context . However , the molecular mechanisms underlying such sequence cont...	A large number of DNA mutations identified in cells from patients with cancer or human inherited disease were analyzed to address a fundamental issue in human pathology , viz , the mutational mechanisms that cause irreversible changes to DNA . By using bioinformatics and computational methods , we found that mutations ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Guanine Holes Are Prominent Targets for Mutation in Cancer and Inherited Disease
Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is a disorder characterized by both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion . Recent transcriptomics studies related to T2DM have revealed changes in expression of a large number of metabolic genes in a variety of tissues . Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlyin...	Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease recognized as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century . Recent studies of gene expression levels in human tissue samples have indicated that multiple metabolic pathways are dysregulated in diabetes and in individuals at risk for diabetes; which...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "diabetes", "and", "endocrinology/type", "2", "diabetes", "computational", "biology/metabolic", "networks", "computational", "biology/systems", "biology", "computational", "biology/transcriptional", "regulation" ]	2010	Metabolic Network Topology Reveals Transcriptional Regulatory Signatures of Type 2 Diabetes
Intestinal protozoan infections are confirmed as major causes of diarrhea , particularly in children , and represent a significant , but often neglected , threat to public health . No recent data were available in Lebanon concerning the molecular epidemiology of protozoan infections in children , a vulnerable populatio...	Intestinal parasites can infect the gastrointestinal tract of humans . Means of exposure include ingestion of contaminated fruits and vegetables , consumption of infected water and personal contact . Protozoa are considered one of the major groups of parasites . Children are particularly susceptible to infection by the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "children", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cryptosporidium", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "diarrhea", "age", "groups", "protozoans", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "gastroenterology", "and", "h...	2016	Prevalence and Risk Factors for Intestinal Protozoan Infections with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Blastocystis and Dientamoeba among Schoolchildren in Tripoli, Lebanon
Dengue viruses ( DENVs ) and Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) have significant cross-reactivity in serological assays; the clinical implications of this remain undefined . An improved understanding of whether and how JEV immunity modulates the clinical outcome of DENV infection is important as large-scale DENV vacci...	Dengue viruses ( DENVs ) and Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) have significant cross-reactivity in serological assays , but the possible clinical implications of this remain poorly understood . Interactions between these flaviviruses are potentially important for public health because wild-type JEV continues to co-c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "immune", "physiology", "clinical", "research", "design", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "flavivirus", "dengue", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", "cohort", "studies", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "a...	2011	Preexisting Japanese Encephalitis Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Increased Symptomatic Dengue Illness in a School-Based Cohort in Thailand
PU . 1 is a hematopoietic transcription factor that is required for the development of myeloid and B cells . PU . 1 is also expressed in erythroid progenitors , where it blocks erythroid differentiation by binding to and inhibiting the main erythroid promoting factor , GATA-1 . However , other mechanisms by which PU . ...	Cellular identities are established by master regulatory transcription factors that promote cell type–specific gene expression . In some instances such factors also inhibit differentiation of alternative , closely related lineages . PU . 1 is an Ets family transcription factor that is required for myeloid and B cell de...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "hematology/hematopoiesis", "computational", "biology/transcriptional", "regulation", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression", "cell", "biology/developmental", "molecular", "mechanisms", "genetics", "and", "genomics/bioinformatics", "developmental", "biology/cell", "differ...	2011	A Large Gene Network in Immature Erythroid Cells Is Controlled by the Myeloid and B Cell Transcriptional Regulator PU.1
The importance of Cryptosporidium as a pediatric enteropathogen in developing countries is recognized . Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study ( GEMS ) , a 3-year , 7-site , case-control study of moderate-to-severe diarrhea ( MSD ) and GEMS-1A ( 1-year study of MSD and less-severe diarrhea [LSD] ) were analyzed...	Cryptosporidium is a protozoan that causes diarrhea and malnutrition in young children in developing countries , and is associated with diarrhea cases and outbreaks in developed countries . To date , limited information exists on the burden of Cryptosporidium diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia , whe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "children", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "cryptosporidium", "parasitic", "protozoans", "diarrhea", "age", "groups", "protozoans", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "gastroenterology", "and", ...	2016	The Burden of Cryptosporidium Diarrheal Disease among Children < 24 Months of Age in Moderate/High Mortality Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, Utilizing Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)
Identification of the potential donor ( s ) of human germline-derived cells is an issue in many criminal investigations and in paternity testing . The experimental and statistical methodology necessary to work up such cases is well established but may be more challenging if monozygotic ( MZ ) twins are involved . Then ...	In many instances of practical forensic casework , particularly when connected to sexual assault , genetic analysis is carried out to identify the likely donor of a sperm sample left at the crime scene . The experimental and statistical methodology for such investigations is well established . In cases involving monozy...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "clinical", "laboratory", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "social", "sciences", "saliva", "twins", "germ", "cells", "next-generation", ...	2018	Distinguishing genetically between the germlines of male monozygotic twins
The mosquito-borne dengue virus ( DENV ) is a cause of significant global health burden , with an estimated 390 million infections occurring annually . However , no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for dengue is available . DENV interacts with host cell factors to complete its life cycle although this v...	The lack of either licensed vaccine or antiviral drug has resulted in approximately 400 million dengue infections annually . A possible rapid approach to a specific therapeutic for dengue is to use a licensed inhibitor of a host factor critically required by dengue virus ( DENV ) to complete its life cycle . One such s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Proteasome Inhibition Suppresses Dengue Virus Egress in Antibody Dependent Infection
The macaque brain serves as a model for the human brain , but its suitability is challenged by unique human features , including connectivity reconfigurations , which emerged during primate evolution . We perform a quantitative comparative analysis of the whole brain macroscale structural connectivity of the two specie...	What are the commonalities and differences of human brains when compared to the brains of other primates ? The brain can be conceived as a complex network . Its topological properties constrain its function . Ethical and technical reasons necessitate the use of animal brains , like the macaque monkey , as models for th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "connectomics", "neuroanatomy", "anatomy", "nervous", "system", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "comparative", "anatomy", "neuroscience" ]	2014	Comparative Analysis of the Macroscale Structural Connectivity in the Macaque and Human Brain
We investigated the mechanism of how the papillomavirus E2 transcription factor can activate promoters through activator protein ( AP ) 1 binding sites . Using an unbiased approach with an inducible cell line expressing the viral transcription factor E2 and transcriptome analysis , we found that E2 induces the expressi...	Human Papillomaviruses ( HPV ) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer and of skin cancer in individuals with the inherited disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis ( EV ) . While the role of the viral oncogenes E6/E7 as drivers of tumorigenesis in cervical cancer has been firmly established , the contribution of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2016	Papillomavirus-Associated Tumor Formation Critically Depends on c-Fos Expression Induced by Viral Protein E2 and Bromodomain Protein Brd4
Cohesion between sister chromatids is mediated by cohesin and is essential for proper meiotic segregation of both sister chromatids and homologs . solo encodes a Drosophila meiosis-specific cohesion protein with no apparent sequence homology to cohesins that is required in male meiosis for centromere cohesion , proper ...	Sexual reproduction entails an intricate 2-step division called meiosis in which homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are sequentially segregated to yield gametes ( eggs and sperm ) with exactly one copy of each chromosome . The Drosophila meiosis protein SOLO is essential for cohesion between sister chromatids...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "biology" ]	2013	The Cohesion Protein SOLO Associates with SMC1 and Is Required for Synapsis, Recombination, Homolog Bias and Cohesion and Pairing of Centromeres in Drosophila Meiosis
Recurrent urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) caused by uropathogenic E . coli ( UPEC ) are common and morbid infections with limited therapeutic options . Previous studies have demonstrated that persistent intracellular infection of bladder epithelial cells ( BEC ) by UPEC contributes to recurrent UTI in mouse models of...	Urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) are common and costly infectious diseases , affecting half of all women . Many women suffer from recurrent UTIs , for which no effective therapy currently exists . Intracellular persistence within bladder epithelial cells ( BEC ) by uropathogenic E . coli ( UPEC ) contributes to recurr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Intracellular Uropathogenic E. coli Exploits Host Rab35 for Iron Acquisition and Survival within Urinary Bladder Cells
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) can be lethal if untreated; however , the majority of human infections with the etiological agents are asymptomatic . Using Illumina Bead Chip microarray technology , we investigated the patterns of gene expression in blood of active VL patients , asymptomatic infected individuals , patien...	Infections of humans with the protozoan parasites L . donvani and L . infantum can lead to the development of the disease visceral leishmaniasis , but also to an asymptomatic status . However , the mechanisms that result in these clinical outcomes after infection are poorly understood . In this study , we applied a dat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "immune", "cells", "gene", "regulation", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "protozoans", "leishmania", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases...	2016	Blood Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Immunological Signatures of Distinct States of Infection of Humans with Leishmania infantum
Genetic recombination is an important mechanism for increasing diversity of RNA viruses , and constitutes a viral escape mechanism to host immune responses and to treatment with antiviral compounds . Although rare , epidemiologically important hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) recombinants have been reported . In addition , re...	Genetic recombination is the alternative joining of nucleic acids leading to novel combinations of genetic information . While DNA recombination in cells is of importance for evolution and adaptive immunity , RNA recombination often has only transient effects . However , RNA viruses are rapidly evolving and recombinati...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "viral", "classification", "microbiology", "hepatitis", "rna", "viruses", "viral", "nucleic", "acid", "hepatitis", "c", "infectious", "diseases", "biology", "viral", "replication", "molecular", "biology", "viral", "evolution", "rna", "nucleic", "acids", "v...	2013	Productive Homologous and Non-homologous Recombination of Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture
The need for economical rabies post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP ) is increasing in developing countries . Implementation of the two currently approved economical intradermal ( ID ) vaccine regimens is restricted due to confusion over different vaccines , regimens and dosages , lack of confidence in intradermal technique...	All human deaths from rabies result from failure to give adequate prophylaxis . After a rabid animal bite , immediate wound cleaning , rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin injections effectively prevent fatal infection . Immunoglobulin is very rarely available in developing countries , where prevention relies on efficacio...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "virology/vaccines", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "neurological", "disorders/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "infectious", "diseases/vi...	2008	A Simplified 4-Site Economical Intradermal Post-Exposure Rabies Vaccine Regimen: A Randomised Controlled Comparison with Standard Methods
Dengue fever , caused by the dengue virus ( DENV ) , is now the most common arbovirus transmitted disease globally . One novel approach to control DENV is to use the endosymbiotic bacterium , Wolbachia pipientis , to limit DENV replication inside the primary mosquito vector , Aedes aegypti . Wolbachia that is naturally...	Dengue fever caused by the dengue virus ( DENV ) is transmitted by the mosquito , Aedes aegypti . To control the disease , an intracellular bacterium called Wolbachia has been introduced into Ae . aegypti where it blocks/limits success of infection of DENV . The mechanistic basis of blocking is not well understood but ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "dengue", "virus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "rna", "extraction", "microbiology", "animals", "wolbachia", "viruses", "rna", "viruses", "infectious", "disease", "control", "insect"...	2016	Wolbachia-Based Dengue Virus Inhibition Is Not Tissue-Specific in Aedes aegypti
Listeria monocytogenes is a model organism for cellular microbiology and host–pathogen interaction studies and an important food-borne pathogen widespread in the environment , thus representing an attractive model to study the evolution of virulence . The phylogenetic structure of L . monocytogenes was determined by se...	Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen transmitted through contaminated food and is responsible for severe infections , including meningitis and abortion in animals and humans . It is known that many distinct strains of this pathogen exist , and that they differ in their virulence and epidemic potential . Unfortunately ,...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "microbiology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics" ]	2008	A New Perspective on Listeria monocytogenes Evolution
Planarian regeneration requires positional information to specify the identity of tissues to be replaced as well as pluripotent neoblasts capable of differentiating into new cell types . We found that wounding elicits rapid expression of a gene encoding a Forkhead-family transcription factor , FoxD . Wound-induced FoxD...	Regeneration is widespread in the animal kingdom . Planarians are able to regenerate entire bodies from almost any fragment type . This ability requires a cell population called neoblasts , which include pluripotent stem cells , for the production of all missing tissues , as well as the information to form and pattern ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "biology", "model", "organisms" ]	2014	A forkhead Transcription Factor Is Wound-Induced at the Planarian Midline and Required for Anterior Pole Regeneration
The ability to respond to environmental temperature variation is essential for survival in animals . Flies show robust temperature-preference behaviour ( TPB ) to find optimal temperatures . Recently , we have shown that Drosophila mushroom body ( MB ) functions as a center controlling TPB . However , neuromodulators t...	Temperature affects almost all aspects of animal development and physiological processes . The dependence of the body temperature of small insects on ambient temperature and other heat sources makes it plausible that neuronal mechanisms for sensing temperature and behavioral responses for maintaining body temperature i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neuroscience/behavioral", "neuroscience", "neuroscience/neural", "homeostasis" ]	2011	Dopamine Signalling in Mushroom Bodies Regulates Temperature-Preference Behaviour in Drosophila
T cell populations are regulated both by signals specific to the T-cell receptor ( TCR ) and by signals and resources , such as cytokines and space , that act independently of TCR specificity . Although it has been demonstrated that disruption of either of these pathways has a profound effect on T-cell development , we...	Protective adaptive immunity depends crucially on the enormous diversity of the T-cell receptor repertoire , the antigen receptors expressed collectively on T-cell populations . T cells develop from T-cell precursors that originate in the bone marrow and migrate to the thymus , where their T cell receptors are construc...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "mathematics/statistics", "immunology/leukocyte", "development" ]	2009	The Dynamics of T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity Following Thymus Transplantation for DiGeorge Anomaly
Ciliopathies are Mendelian disorders caused by dysfunction of cilia , ubiquitous organelles involved in fluid propulsion ( motile cilia ) or signal transduction ( primary cilia ) . Retinal dystrophy is a common phenotypic characteristic of ciliopathies since photoreceptor outer segments are specialized primary cilia . ...	The cytoplasmic dynein 1 motor complex is known to be essential for photoreceptor outer segment formation and function . NINL , an important interaction partner of three ciliopathy-associated proteins ( lebercilin , USH2A and CC2D2A ) , was previously shown to associate with this motor complex . In this work , we scrut...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	NINL and DZANK1 Co-function in Vesicle Transport and Are Essential for Photoreceptor Development in Zebrafish
The underlying mechanisms resulting in the profound immune suppression characteristic of human visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) are not fully understood . Here , we tested the hypothesis that arginase , an enzyme associated with immunosuppression , is higher in patients with VL and contributes to impaired T cell responses...	Leishmaniases , a group of diseases caused by a parasite , Leishmania , belong to the most neglected tropical diseases: they are mainly found in low-income countries and affect the poorest populations . These parasites infect cells of the immune system called macrophages , which can kill the intracellular parasites whe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "immunomodulation", "medicine", "biochemistry", "infectious", "diseases", "immune", "cells", "metabolic", "pathways", "t", "cells", "parasitology", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "metabolism", "immune", "response" ]	2013	Arginase Activity - A Marker of Disease Status in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
The majority of investigations of the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria ( NTM ) have focused on highly developed nations with a low prevalence of tuberculosis . In contrast , the Para state of north Brazil represents an area of high tuberculosis prevalence and increasing NTM incidence . Toward the goal of und...	Nontuberculous mycobacteria ( NTM ) are environmental organisms that are naturally found in soil , water , dust and other sites . Several case reports and studies on the prevalence of pulmonary NTM disease have been published , nevertheless , the impact and the exact magnitude of NTM infections in countries where tuber...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "epidemiology" ]	2013	Occurrence of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infection in an Endemic Area of Tuberculosis
Extracellular polysaccharides are key constituents of the biofilm matrix of many microorganisms . One critical carbohydrate component of Candida albicans biofilms , β-1 , 3 glucan , has been linked to biofilm protection from antifungal agents . In this study , we identify three glucan modification enzymes that function...	Biofilms are a community of microbes that grow attached to each other and adherent to a surface . One distinguishing feature of this form of growth is the presence of a surrounding extracellular matrix which is proposed to provide a structural scaffold and protection for biofilm cells . This later function contributes ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "drugs", "and", "devices", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2012	A Candida Biofilm-Induced Pathway for Matrix Glucan Delivery: Implications for Drug Resistance
Collection of surveillance data is essential for monitoring and evaluation of public health programs . Integrated collection of household-based health data , now routinely carried out in many countries through demographic health surveys and multiple indicator surveys , provides critical measures of progress in health d...	In 2012 a comprehensive national serosurvey to assess immunity to vaccine preventable diseases such as polio , rubella , measles , and tetanus was conducted among women of child bearing age in Cambodia . We were able to test this sample set using a multiplex bead assay in order to measure specific antibody responses to...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "parasite", "groups", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "plasmodium", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "animals", "parasitology", "apicomple...	2016	Integration of Multiplex Bead Assays for Parasitic Diseases into a National, Population-Based Serosurvey of Women 15-39 Years of Age in Cambodia
Many species of arthropod are infected by deleterious inherited micro-organisms . Typically these micro-organisms are inherited maternally . Consequently , some , particularly bacteria of the genus Wolbachia , employ a variety of strategies that favour female over male hosts . These strategies include feminisation , in...	Normally , in sexually reproducing organisms , the sex ratio ( ratio of males to females ) is 1∶1 . However , examples are known where this is not the case and there are more females than males in a population . Extreme bias in sex ratio can lead to females failing to find a mate . We studied Cheilomenes sexmaculata , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/animal", "genetics", "evolutionary", "biology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "ecology", "microbiology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "microbiology/parasitology", "ecology/population", "ecolog...	2010	Intergenomic Arms Races: Detection of a Nuclear Rescue Gene of Male-Killing in a Ladybird
The RNA world hypothesis , that RNA genomes and catalysts preceded DNA genomes and genetically-encoded protein catalysts , has been central to models for the early evolution of life on Earth . A key part of such models is continuity between the earliest stages in the evolution of life and the RNA repertoires of extant ...	In cells , DNA carries recipes for making proteins , and proteins perform chemical reactions , including replication of DNA . This interdependency raises questions for early evolution , since one molecule seemingly cannot exist without the other . A resolution to this problem is the RNA world , where RNA is postulated ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology", "origin", "of", "life", "biology", "computational", "biology", "comparative", "genomics" ]	2012	Comparative Analysis of RNA Families Reveals Distinct Repertoires for Each Domain of Life
The recent epidemic of the arthritogenic alphavirus , chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) has prompted a quest to understand the correlates of protection against virus and disease in order to inform development of new interventions . Herein we highlight the propensity of CHIKV infections to persist long term , both as persiste...	The largest epidemic ever recorded for chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) started in 2004 in Africa , then spread across Asia and recently caused tens of thousands of cases in Papua New Guinea and the Caribbean . This mosquito-borne alphavirus primarily causes an often debilitating , acute and chronic polyarthritis/polyarthal...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "intracellular", "pathogens", "chikungunya", "infection", "antigen-presenting", "cells", "pathogens", "immunology", "infectious", "disease", "immunology", "antibody", ...	2014	Multiple Immune Factors Are Involved in Controlling Acute and Chronic Chikungunya Virus Infection
Kinesin stepping is thought to involve both concerted conformational changes and diffusive movement , but the relative roles played by these two processes are not clear . The neck linker docking model is widely accepted in the field , but the remainder of the step – diffusion of the tethered head to the next binding si...	Kinesin molecular motors provide a valuable model for uncovering the interplay between nanoscale mechanics and biochemistry at the level of single protein molecules . The mechanism by which kinesin motors “walk” along microtubules involves both conformational changes in the motor domains , or “heads” , as well as diffu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biophysics/macromolecular", "assemblies", "and", "machines", "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation", "cell", "biology/cytoskeleton" ]	2010	Monte Carlo Analysis of Neck Linker Extension in Kinesin Molecular Motors
All cells are subject to structural damage that must be addressed for continued growth . A wide range of damage affects the genome , meaning multiple pathways have evolved to repair or bypass the resulting DNA lesions . Though many repair pathways are conserved , their presence or function can reflect the life style of...	Damage to the genome is a universal threat to life . Though the repair pathways used to tackle damage can be widely conserved , lineage-specific specialisations are found , reflecting the differing life styles of extant organisms . Using RNAi coupled with next generation sequencing we have screened for genes that are i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "serum", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rna", "interference", "body", "fluids", "enzymes", "microbiology", "enzymology", "genomic", "library", "screening", "parasitic", "protozoans", "dna", "damage", "protozoans", "epigenetics", "dna", "molecular", ...	2017	Genome-wide and protein kinase-focused RNAi screens reveal conserved and novel damage response pathways in Trypanosoma brucei
The development of a vaccine against dengue faces unique challenges , including the complexity of the immune responses to the four antigenically distinct serotypes . Genome-wide transcriptional profiling provides insight into the pathways and molecular features that underlie responses to immune system stimulation , and...	Dengue has become the leading cause of mosquito-borne virus infections worldwide . Despite considerable effort , development of a successful vaccine against dengue virus ( DENV ) has been challenging due to the co-circulation of the four DENV serotypes in endemic areas—to which humans develop distinct immune responses ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "immune", "cells", "immunology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "vaccines", "preventive", "medicine", "primates", "antibodies", "vaccination", "and", "immunization", "antibody", "re...	2016	Early Transcriptional Signatures of the Immune Response to a Live Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate in Non-human Primates
Paromomycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that targets the RNA of the bacterial small ribosomal subunit . It binds in the A-site , which is one of the three tRNA binding sites , and affects translational fidelity by stabilizing two adenines ( A1492 and A1493 ) in the flipped-out state . Experiments have shown that v...	In hospitals throughout the world , aminoglycosidic antibiotics are used to combat even the most severe bacterial infections . However , the continuous emergence of resistant bacteria has created an urgent need to improve these antibiotics . Aminoglycosides bind to bacterial ribosomal RNA . Experiments have shown that ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "rna", "computational", "chemistry", "molecular", "dynamics", "nucleic", "acids", "biophysic", "al", "simulations", "chemistry", "biology", "computational", "biology", "biophysics", "simulations", "biophysics" ]	2011	Understanding the Origins of Bacterial Resistance to Aminoglycosides through Molecular Dynamics Mutational Study of the Ribosomal A-Site
Strongyloides stercoralis infection , a neglected tropical disease , is widely distributed . Autochthonous cases have been described in Spain , probably infected long time ago . In recent years the number of diagnosed cases has increased due to the growing number of immigrants , travelers and refugees , but endemically...	S . stercoralis is a soil transmitted helminth that is common in many subtropical and tropical countries , but is also found in other regions of the world . In this study we reviewed all published material on endemic infection of S . stercoralis acquired in Spain issued before 31st May 2018 . We collected data from the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "european", "union", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "pulmonology", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "dis...	2019	Strongyloides stercoralis infection: A systematic review of endemic cases in Spain
The optimization of snakebite management and the use of antivenom depend greatly on the knowledge of the venom's composition as well as its pharmacokinetics . To date , however , pharmacokinetic reports on cobra venoms and their toxins are still relatively limited . In the present study , we investigated the pharmacoki...	Naja sumatrana is a medically important cobra species in Southeast Asia . The optimization of snakebite management and the use of antivenom depend greatly on the knowledge of the venom's composition , its biological activities , as well as its pharmacokinetics . The present study on the pharmacokinetics of N . sumatran...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pharmacokinetics", "pharmacology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "immunology", "toxicology" ]	2014	Pharmacokinetics of Naja sumatrana (Equatorial Spitting Cobra) Venom and Its Major Toxins in Experimentally Envenomed Rabbits
The regulation of cleavage plane orientation is one of the key mechanisms driving epithelial morphogenesis . Still , many aspects of the relationship between local cleavage patterns and tissue-level properties remain poorly understood . Here we develop a topological model that simulates the dynamics of a 2D proliferati...	Cell division is one of the key mechanisms driving organismal growth and morphogenesis . Yet many aspects of the relationship between local cell division ( how a cell chooses an orientation to divide ) and global tissue architecture ( e . g . , regular versus irregular cells ) remain poorly understood . We present a co...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results/Discussion" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/morphogenesis", "and", "cell", "biology", "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation", "mathematics/statistics" ]	2009	Modeling and Inferring Cleavage Patterns in Proliferating Epithelia
Transcription factor ( TF ) binding is determined by the presence of specific sequence motifs ( SM ) and chromatin accessibility , where the latter is influenced by both chromatin state ( CS ) and DNA structure ( DS ) properties . Although SM , CS , and DS have been used to predict TF binding sites , a predictive model...	Identification of transcription factor binding sites based on sequence motifs is typically accompanied by a high false positive rate . Increasing evidence suggests that there are many other factors besides DNA sequence that may affect the binding and interaction of TFs with DNA . Through the integration of sequence mot...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Contribution of Sequence Motif, Chromatin State, and DNA Structure Features to Predictive Models of Transcription Factor Binding in Yeast
Species B human adenoviruses ( Ads ) are increasingly associated with outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in U . S . military personnel and civil population . The initial interaction of Ads with cellular attachment receptors on host cells is via Ad fiber knob protein . Our previous studies showed that one species B ...	In this study , we attempted to identify binding receptors that are used by the two human adenovirus ( Ad ) serotypes 3 and 35 . Ad3 uses yet-unknown receptors and is one of the most common Ads causing epidemic conjunctivitis , and respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases . Ad35 uses the complement receptor CD46 as an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2008	Role of Cellular Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Infection of Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 and 35
Small ubiquitin-like modifier ( SUMO ) modification of chromatin has profound effects on transcription regulation . By using Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) as a model , we recently demonstrated that epigenetic modification of viral chromatin by SUMO-2/3 is involved in regulating gene expression and vi...	Epigenetic dysregulation connects genotype to diseases . An understanding of epigenetic regulation holds promise for clinical use . The profound epigenetic changes that occur during the latent-to-lytic switch of the Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) life cycle make it an attractive model system for studi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "gene", "regulation", "enzymes", "microbiology", "dna-binding", "proteins", "immunoblotting", "enzymology", "sumoylation", "immunoprecipitation", "epigenetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "ligases", "chromatin", "research", "and"...	2017	SUMO modification of a heterochromatin histone demethylase JMJD2A enables viral gene transactivation and viral replication
Regulatory networks allow organisms to match adaptive behavior to the complex and dynamic contingencies of their native habitats . Upon a sudden transition to a novel environment , the mismatch between the native behavior and the new niche provides selective pressure for adaptive evolution through mutations in elements...	Bacteria rely on complex genetic regulatory networks to respond to hazards or opportunities that they encounter . These networks consist of a series of sensory modules , coupled with various response elements that must be appropriately activated to deal with a given set of environmental conditions; all of these conditi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome", "expression", "analysis", "organismal", "evolution", "microbiology", "escherichia", "coli", "prokaryotic", "models", "model", "organisms", "microbial", "evolution", "biology", "evolutionary", "genetics", "systems", "biology", "adaptation", "genomics", "evolutionar...	2012	Fitness Landscape Transformation through a Single Amino Acid Change in the Rho Terminator
Natural killer ( NK ) cells are innate immune cells able to rapidly kill virus-infected and tumor cells . Two NK cell populations are found in the blood; the majority ( 90% ) expresses the CD16 receptor and also express the CD56 protein in intermediate levels ( CD56Dim CD16Pos ) while the remaining 10% are CD16 negativ...	NK cells belong to the innate immune system , able to rapidly kill tumors and various pathogens . They reside in the blood and in various tissues and traffic to different infected organs through the usage of different chemokines and chemokine receptors . KSHV is a master of immune evasion , and around a quarter of the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "immune", "cells", "nk", "cells", "virology", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "diseases" ]	2013	The Viral KSHV Chemokine vMIP-II Inhibits the Migration of Naive and Activated Human NK Cells by Antagonizing Two Distinct Chemokine Receptors

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