Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Previous studies suggest that factual learning , that is , learning from obtained outcomes , is biased , such that participants preferentially take into account positive , as compared to negative , prediction errors . However , whether or not the prediction error valence also affects counterfactual learning , that is ,... | While the investigation of decision-making biases has a long history in economics and psychology , learning biases have been much less systematically investigated . This is surprising as most of the choices we deal with in everyday life are recurrent , thus allowing learning to occur and therefore influencing future de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"decision",
"making",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"optimization",
"analysis",
"of",
"variance",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"cognition",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods... | 2017 | Confirmation bias in human reinforcement learning: Evidence from counterfactual feedback processing |
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 ( SCA2 ) is caused by expansion of a polyglutamine encoding triplet repeat in the human ATXN2 gene beyond ( CAG ) 31 . This is thought to mediate toxic gain-of-function by protein aggregation and to affect RNA processing , resulting in degenerative processes affecting preferentially cerebe... | Frequent age-associated neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's , Parkinson's , and Lou Gehrig's disease are being elucidated molecularly by studying rare heritable variants . Various hereditary neurodegenerative disorders are caused by polyglutamine expansions in different proteins . In spite of this common patho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"animal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"models",
"histology",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"mouse",
"g... | 2012 | ATXN2-CAG42 Sequesters PABPC1 into Insolubility and Induces FBXW8 in Cerebellum of Old Ataxic Knock-In Mice |
The response behaviors in many two-alternative choice tasks are well described by so-called sequential sampling models . In these models , the evidence for each one of the two alternatives accumulates over time until it reaches a threshold , at which point a response is made . At the neurophysiological level , single n... | The brain holds a central position in scientific theories of rational behavior . For example , brain activity is thought to stand in a causal relation to the decision making behavior observed in two-choice perceptual discrimination tasks . Although a lot is known about both the brain activity and the response behavior ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Neurobiological Models of Two-Choice Decision Making Can Be Reduced to a One-Dimensional Nonlinear Diffusion Equation |
Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease that is believed to affect over 200 million people with an estimated 97% of the infections concentrated in Africa . However , these statistics are largely based on population re-adjusted data originally published by Utroska and colleagues more than 20 years ago . Hence , these e... | Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by a blood fluke that mainly occurs in Africa . Current prevalence estimates of schistosomiasis are based on historical data , and hence might be outdated due to control programs , improved sanitation , and water resources development and management ( e . g . , construction... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"disease",
"mapping",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology"
] | 2011 | Geostatistical Model-Based Estimates of Schistosomiasis Prevalence among Individuals Aged ≤20 Years in West Africa |
Aggregation is a social behavior that varies between and within species , providing a model to study the genetic basis of behavioral diversity . In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , aggregation is regulated by environmental context and by two neuromodulatory pathways , one dependent on the neuropeptide receptor NPR... | In both animals and humans , normal individuals can behave differently in the same environment . Natural variation in behavior is partly due to genetic differences between individuals and partly due to experience . Mapping studies have demonstrated that the genetic component of natural behavioral variation is complex ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"neurotransmitters",
"neuroethology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"fun... | 2012 | Long-Range Regulatory Polymorphisms Affecting a GABA Receptor Constitute a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) for Social Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans |
The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ( ESCRT ) machinery , a highly conserved set of four hetero-oligomeric protein complexes , is required for multivesicular body formation , sorting ubiquitinylated membrane proteins for lysosomal degradation , cytokinesis and the final stages of assembly of a number... | The release of HIV-1 particles requires a series of interactions between proteins encoded by the virus and key cellular components , including elements of the cellular membrane trafficking apparatus such as the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ( ESCRT ) machinery . This machinery is composed of four m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress"
] | 2011 | The ESCRT-0 Component HRS is Required for HIV-1 Vpu-Mediated BST-2/Tetherin Down-Regulation |
Oct4 is a widely recognized pluripotency factor as it maintains Embryonic Stem ( ES ) cells in a pluripotent state , and , in vivo , prevents the inner cell mass ( ICM ) in murine embryos from differentiating into trophectoderm . However , its function in somatic tissue after this developmental stage is not well charac... | Embryogenesis is an intricate process requiring that division , differentiation and position of cells are coordinated . During mammalian development early pluripotent populations are canalized or restricted in potency during embryogenesis . Due to considerable interest in how this fundamental state of pluripotency is m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Oct4 Is Required ∼E7.5 for Proliferation in the Primitive Streak |
Lassa virus ( LASV ) is a significant human pathogen that is endemic to several countries in West Africa . Infection with LASV leads to the development of hemorrhagic fever in a significant number of cases , and it is estimated that thousands die each year from the disease . Little is known about the complex immune mec... | Lassa virus ( LASV ) , a member of the Arenaviridae family , is a viral hemorrhagic fever causing virus endemic to several countries in West Africa with a history of sporadic importation into the United States . It has been characterized as a Category A agent , and despite the significant public health issues posed by ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immune",
"activation",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"animal",
"models",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"model",
"organisms",
"immune",
"defense",
"immunoregulation",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"biology",
"immune",
"response",
"macaqu... | 2013 | Transcriptional Profiling of the Circulating Immune Response to Lassa Virus in an Aerosol Model of Exposure |
The genes involved in conferring susceptibility to anxiety remain obscure . We developed a new method to identify genes at quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) in a population of heterogeneous stock mice descended from known progenitor strains . QTLs were partitioned into intervals that can be summarized by a single phylog... | Thousands of small effect loci are believed to contribute to behavioural variation in mammals . Their abundance and small size frustrate gene identification and make it difficult to know which among them are central to the responsible biological mechanisms . Using imputed genome sequences from 2 , 000 outbred mice and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"genetics",
"functional",
"genomics",
"genetic",
"screens",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2012 | Cofilin-1: A Modulator of Anxiety in Mice |
Discriminating self and non-self is a universal requirement of immune systems . Adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes are centered around repetitive loci called CRISPRs ( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat ) , into which invader DNA fragments are incorporated . CRISPR transcripts are processed in... | CRISPR loci and their associated genes form a diverse set of adaptive immune systems that are widespread among prokaryotes . In these systems , the CRISPR-associated genes ( cas ) encode for proteins that capture fragments of invading DNA and integrate these sequences between repeat sequences of the host's CRISPR locus... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Type I-E CRISPR-Cas Systems Discriminate Target from Non-Target DNA through Base Pairing-Independent PAM Recognition |
Eukaryotic cell growth is coordinated in response to nutrient availability , growth factors , and environmental stimuli , enabling cell–cell interactions that promote survival . The rapamycin-sensitive Tor1 protein kinase , which is conserved from yeasts to humans , participates in a signaling pathway central to cellul... | Living organisms have an intrinsic ability to coordinate their growth and proliferation in response to nutrient availability . In organisms ranging from yeasts to humans , the Tor1 signaling pathway responds to nutrient-derived signals and orchestrates cell growth . Accordingly , we find that in the human fungal pathog... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evo... | 2009 | The Protein Kinase Tor1 Regulates Adhesin Gene Expression in Candida albicans |
A randomized controlled field trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg of oxfendazole ( OFZ ) treatment for control of porcine cysticercosis was conducted in 4 rural villages of Angónia district , north-western Mozambique . Two hundred and sixteen piglets aged 4 months were selected and ass... | Porcine cysticercosis is an infection of pigs caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium , a tapeworm that causes taeniosis in humans . The disease is very common in developing countries where it is a serious public health risk and causes significant economic losses in pig production . Many control strategies in devel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Use of Oxfendazole to Control Porcine Cysticercosis in a High-Endemic Area of Mozambique |
Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas' disease , induces multiple responses in the heart , a critical organ of infection and pathology in the host . Among diverse factors , eicosanoids and the vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic chagasic cardiomyopath... | Chronic cardiomyopathy is the most common and severe manifestation of human Chagas' disease , caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . Among diverse inflammation-promoting moieties , eicosanoids and the vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) have been implicated in its pathogenesis . Nevertheless , the li... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"cardiovascular",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"signaling",
"pathways",
"calcium",
"signaling",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
... | 2013 | Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Endothelin-1 Cooperatively Activate Pathogenic Inflammatory Pathways in Cardiomyocytes |
Yeast DNA polymerase ε ( Pol ε ) is a highly accurate and processive enzyme that participates in nuclear DNA replication of the leading strand template . In addition to a large subunit ( Pol2 ) harboring the polymerase and proofreading exonuclease active sites , Pol ε also has one essential subunit ( Dpb2 ) and two sma... | The high fidelity of DNA replication is safeguarded by the accuracy of nucleotide selection by DNA polymerases , proofreading activity of the replicative polymerases , and the DNA mismatch repair system . Errors made by replicative polymerases are corrected by mismatch repair , and inactivation of the mismatch repair s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair",
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"replication",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Mismatch Repair–Independent Increase in Spontaneous Mutagenesis in Yeast Lacking Non-Essential Subunits of DNA Polymerase ε |
In a murine model of moderate childhood malnutrition we found that polynutrient deficiency led to a 4–5-fold increase in early visceralization of L . donovani ( 3 days post-infection ) following cutaneous infection and a 16-fold decrease in lymph node barrier function ( p<0 . 04 for all ) . To begin to understand the m... | The impact of malnutrition in the world is staggering . Malnutrition is thought to directly or indirectly contribute to more than half of all childhood deaths , most of them related to heightened susceptibility to infection . Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , caused by the intracellular protozoan Leishmania donovani , is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"pathogenesis",
"parasitology",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2013 | The Malnutrition-Related Increase in Early Visceralization of Leishmania donovani Is Associated with a Reduced Number of Lymph Node Phagocytes and Altered Conduit System Flow |
Allostery is conformation regulation by propagating a signal from one site to another distal site . This study focuses on the long-range communication in DNA mismatch repair proteins MutS and its homologs where intramolecular signaling has to travel over 70 Å to couple lesion detection to ATPase activity and eventual d... | We are proposing a new model for how long-range allosteric communication may be accomplished via switching of pre-existing pathway as a result of only minor structural perturbations . The systems studied here are the bacterial mismatch repair enzyme MutS and its eukaryotic homologs where we identified strong communicat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"allosteric",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"dna",
"clamps",
"enzymology",
"phosphatases",
"mutation",
"network",
"analysis",
"mismatch",
"repair",
"dna",
"dna",
"structure",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"proteins",
"enzyme",
"regulati... | 2016 | Long-Range Signaling in MutS and MSH Homologs via Switching of Dynamic Communication Pathways |
The activating immunoreceptor NKG2D promotes elimination of infected or malignant cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes through engagement of stress-induced MHC class I-related ligands . The human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) -encoded immunoevasin UL16 subverts NKG2D-mediated immune responses by retaining a select group of divers... | Cytotoxic lymphocytes such as natural killer ( NK ) cells or CD8 T cells have the ability to detect and destroy cells infected by viruses . They therefore are tools on which the human immune system critically depends in order to control viral infections . To avoid discovery by cytotoxic lymphocytes and to allow for lon... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/molecular",
"evolution",
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infectio... | 2010 | Structure of the HCMV UL16-MICB Complex Elucidates Select Binding of a Viral Immunoevasin to Diverse NKG2D Ligands |
TRIM5α is a restriction factor that limits infection of human cells by so-called N- but not B- or NB-tropic strains of murine leukemia virus ( MLV ) . Here , we performed a mutation-based functional analysis of TRIM5α-mediated MLV restriction . Our results reveal that changes at tyrosine336 of human TRIM5α , within the... | Mammalian cells are endowed with intrinsic lines of defence against retroviruses , which notably contribute to limiting the cross-species transmission of these pathogens . TRIM5α is one such restriction factor , which acts by recognizing the capsid of incoming retroviruses through its C-terminal PRYSPRY domain . Human ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"vertebrates",
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"eukaryotes",
"microbiology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"animals"
] | 2007 | Interfering Residues Narrow the Spectrum of MLV Restriction by Human TRIM5α |
Although they share certain biological properties with nucleic acid based infectious agents , prions , the causative agents of invariably fatal , transmissible neurodegenerative disorders such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy , sheep scrapie , and human Creutzfeldt Jakob disease , propagate by conformational templat... | Prions are infectious proteins , originally discovered as the cause of a group of transmissible , fatal mammalian neurodegenerative diseases . Propagation results from conversion of the host-encoded cellular form of the prion protein to a self-propagating disease-associated conformation . It is believed that the self-p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Epigenetic Dominance of Prion Conformers |
Directed cell motion in response to an external chemical gradient occurs in many biological phenomena such as wound healing , angiogenesis , and cancer metastasis . Chemotaxis is often characterized by the accuracy , persistence , and speed of cell motion , but whether any of these quantities is physically constrained ... | One of the most ubiquitous and important cell behaviors is chemotaxis: the ability to move in the direction of a chemical gradient . Due to its importance , key aspects of chemotaxis have been quantified for a variety of cells , including the accuracy , persistence , and speed of cell motion . However , whether these a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2019 | Physical constraints on accuracy and persistence during breast cancer cell chemotaxis |
Placozoans are a phylum of nonbilaterian marine animals currently represented by a single described species , Trichoplax adhaerens , Schulze 1883 . Placozoans arguably show the simplest animal morphology , which is identical among isolates collected worldwide , despite an apparently sizeable genetic diversity within th... | Placozoans are a phylum of tiny ( approximately 1 mm ) marine animals that are found worldwide in temperate and tropical waters . They are characterized by morphological simplicity , with only a handful of cell types , no neurons , no tissue organization , and even no axial polarity . Since the original description of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"invertebrates",
"animals",
"trichoplax",
"adhaerens",
"placozoa",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"energy-producing",
"organelles",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and... | 2018 | Comparative genomics and the nature of placozoan species |
Filamentous fungi rely heavily on the secretory pathway , both for the delivery of cell wall components to the hyphal tip and the production and secretion of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes needed to support growth on polymeric substrates . Increased demand on the secretory system exerts stress on the endoplasmic reti... | The pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of airborne fungal infections in immunocompromised patients . The fungus normally resides in compost , an environment that challenges the organism to obtain nutrients by degrading complex organic polymers . This is accomplished by secreted enzymes , some of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"... | 2009 | A Role for the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility in Aspergillus fumigatus |
Reactome and WikiPathways are two of the most popular freely available databases for biological pathways . Reactome pathways are centrally curated with periodic input from selected domain experts . WikiPathways is a community-based platform where pathways are created and continually curated by any interested party . Th... | Biological pathways are descriptive diagrams that describe biological processes , i . e . interactions between genes , proteins , and metabolites . Pathways can therefore be used to integrate and visualize molecular measurements of genes , proteins , and metabolites in different biological conditions , e . g . healthy ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protein",
"metabolism",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"industrial",
"engineering",
"genome",
"analysis",
"quality",
"control",
"network",
"analysis",
"po... | 2016 | Reactome from a WikiPathways Perspective |
Encapsidation is a strategy almost universally employed by viruses to protect their genomes from degradation and from innate immune sensors . We show that TRIM21 , which targets antibody-opsonized virions for proteasomal destruction , circumvents this protection , enabling the rapid detection and degradation of viral g... | Our cells have potent immune sensors that can detect the presence of viral nucleic acid in the cytosol . Unfortunately , almost all viruses utilize a strategy of encapsidation , comprising a protein shell that protects their genomes and impedes them from being sensed or degraded . In our study , we describe how compone... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | TRIM21 Promotes cGAS and RIG-I Sensing of Viral Genomes during Infection by Antibody-Opsonized Virus |
Cytopathic effects ( CPEs ) in mosquito cells are generally trivial compared to those that occur in mammalian cells , which usually end up undergoing apoptosis during dengue virus ( DENV ) infection . However , oxidative stress was detected in both types of infected cells . Despite this , the survival of mosquito cells... | This study demonstrated an idea that mosquito cells can survive dengue virus ( or other arboviruses ) infection through antioxidant defense and an additional effect by induction of IAP expression for protection of infection . It makes mosquito eligible to support virus replication efficiently , leading to a goal which ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"vectors",
"and",
"hosts"
] | 2012 | Additive Protection by Antioxidant and Apoptosis-Inhibiting Effects on Mosquito Cells with Dengue 2 Virus Infection |
Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII is the intracellular effector of the quorum sensing system that temporally controls a large number of virulence factors including exoproteins and cell-wall-associated proteins . Staphylocoagulase is one major virulence factor , which promotes clotting of human plasma . Like the major cell s... | Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and is one of the main causes of community- as well as hospital-acquired infections . S . aureus produces a large number of virulence factors that are expressed in a coordinated manner and at appropriate time and space . To this end , a set of multiple ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/mrna",
"stability",
"molecular",
"biology/translational",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII Binds to Two Distant Regions of coa mRNA to Arrest Translation and Promote mRNA Degradation |
Stress is a fundamental aspect of aging , as accumulated damage from a lifetime of stress can limit lifespan and protective responses to stress can extend lifespan . In this study , we identify a conserved Caenorhabditis elegans GATA transcription factor , egl-27 , that is involved in several stress responses and aging... | Stress is a fundamental aspect of aging , but it is unclear whether the molecular mechanisms underlying stress response become altered during normal aging and whether these alterations can affect the aging process . In this study , we found a GATA transcription factor called egl-27 , whose targets are significantly enr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"insulin-dependent",
"signal",
"transduction",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"signaling",
"pathways",
"biology",
"aging",
"signal",
"transdu... | 2012 | The GATA Transcription Factor egl-27 Delays Aging by Promoting Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans |
A wide range of organisms features molecular machines , circadian clocks , which generate endogenous oscillations with ~24 h periodicity and thereby synchronize biological processes to diurnal environmental fluctuations . Recently , it has become clear that plants harbor more complex gene regulatory circuits within the... | Sleep/wake cycles in animals exemplify daily biological rhythms driven by internal molecular clocks , circadian clocks , which are important for plant life as well . The plant circadian clock is highly complex , eluding our understanding of its design principle . Based on the computational simulation of Arabidopsis tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"messenger",
"rna",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"circadian",
"oscillators",
"transcription",
"factors",
"chronobiology",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"biochemistry",
"circadian",
"rhythms",
"genetic",
"oscillators",
"rna",... | 2016 | Kernel Architecture of the Genetic Circuitry of the Arabidopsis Circadian System |
Among the arthropod-borne nematodes infesting dogs , Onchocerca lupi ( Spirurida: Onchocercidae ) is of increasing zoonotic concern , with new human cases of infection diagnosed in Turkey , Tunisia , Iran and the USA . Knowledge of the biology of this nematode is meagre . This study aimed at assessing the distribution ... | Onchocerca lupi is a little known arthropod-borne helminth infesting dogs of increasing interest to the scientific community due to the recent demonstration of its zoonotic potential . Nonetheless , knowledge of the biology of this nematode is exiguous . In this study the distribution and periodicity of O . lupi microf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Cutaneous Distribution and Circadian Rhythm of Onchocerca lupi Microfilariae in Dogs |
Fatal familial insomnia ( FFI ) and a genetic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( CJD178 ) are clinically different prion disorders linked to the D178N prion protein ( PrP ) mutation . The disease phenotype is determined by the 129 M/V polymorphism on the mutant allele , which is thought to influence D178N PrP misfoldi... | Genetic prion diseases are degenerative brain disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding the prion protein ( PrP ) . Different PrP mutations cause different diseases , including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( CJD ) and fatal familial insomnia ( FFI ) . The reason for this variability is not known , but assembly of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Transgenic Fatal Familial Insomnia Mice Indicate Prion Infectivity-Independent Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Phenotypic Expression of Disease |
In the conserved autophagy pathway , the double-membrane autophagosome ( AP ) engulfs cellular components to be delivered for degradation in the lysosome . While only sealed AP can productively fuse with the lysosome , the molecular mechanism of AP closure is currently unknown . Rab GTPases , which regulate all intrace... | In autophagy , a cellular recycling pathway , the double-membrane autophagosome ( AP ) engulfs excess or damaged cargo and delivers it for degradation in the lysosome for the reuse of its building blocks . While plenty of information is currently available regarding AP formation , expansion and fusion , not much is kno... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"lysosomes",
"vesicles",
"vacuoles",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"light",
"microscopy",
"fungi",
"microscopy",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"endosomes",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
... | 2017 | A Rab5 GTPase module is important for autophagosome closure |
Cadherins are homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecules whose aberrant expression has often been shown to correlate with different stages of tumor progression . In this work , we investigate the interaction of two peptidomimetic ligands with the extracellular portion of human E-cadherin using a combination of NMR and com... | Classical cadherins are the main adhesive proteins at the intercellular junctions and play an essential role in tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis . A large number of studies have shown that cadherin aberrant expression and/or dysregulation often correlate with pathological processes , such as tumor development and p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"protons",
"chemical",
"bonding",
"protein",
"interactions",
"cadherins",
"materials",
"science",
"protein",
"structure",
"hydrogen",
"bonding",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"cell",
"adhesion",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"salt",
"bridges",
"nucleons",
"molecular",
"biology",
... | 2019 | Exploring E-cadherin-peptidomimetics interaction using NMR and computational studies |
Sister centromere fusion is a process unique to meiosis that promotes co-orientation of the sister kinetochores , ensuring they attach to microtubules from the same pole during metaphase I . We have found that the kinetochore protein SPC105R/KNL1 and Protein Phosphatase 1 ( PP1-87B ) regulate sister centromere fusion i... | Meiosis involves two cell divisions . In the first division , pairs of homologous chromosomes segregate , in the second division , the sister chromatids segregate . These patterns of division are mediated by regulating microtubule attachments to the kinetochores and stepwise release of cohesion between the sister chrom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"meiosis",
"rna",
"interference",
"microtubules",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"centromeres",
"metaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
... | 2019 | Sister centromere fusion during meiosis I depends on maintaining cohesins and destabilizing microtubule attachments |
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a tick transmitted pathogen responsible for the disease human monocytic ehrlichiosis . Research to elucidate gene function in rickettsial pathogens is limited by the lack of genetic manipulation methods . Mutational analysis was performed , targeting to specific and random insertion sites withi... | The tick-transmitted bacterium , Ehrlichia chaffeensis , causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis , an acute febrile illness that can progress to a fatal outcome . This and other related pathogens have evolved to establish infections in vertebrate and tick hosts for completing their lifecycle . Our recent studies suggest th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbial",
"mutation",
"vector",
"biology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"microbial",
"control",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"ticks",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"developm... | 2013 | Targeted and Random Mutagenesis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis for the Identification of Genes Required for In vivo Infection |
Urease is a metalloenzyme essential for the survival of Helicobacter pylori in acidic gastric environment . Maturation of urease involves carbamylation of Lys219 and insertion of two nickel ions at its active site . This process requires GTP hydrolysis and the formation of a preactivation complex consisting of apo-urea... | Catalytic activities of many important enzymes depend upon metal cofactors . Ensuring each enzyme acquires the proper type of metal cofactor is essential to life . One such example is urease , which is a nickel containing metalloenzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia . The survival of Helicobacter pylori ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Structure of UreG/UreF/UreH Complex Reveals How Urease Accessory Proteins Facilitate Maturation of Helicobacter pylori Urease |
The neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor ( PDF ) is essential for normal circadian function in Drosophila . It synchronizes the phases of M pacemakers , while in E pacemakers it decelerates their cycling and supports their amplitude . The PDF receptor ( PDF-R ) is present in both M and subsets of E cells . Activation... | In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , the neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor ( PDF ) supports circadian function by synchronizing two types of pacemaker cells , M cells and E cells . The PDF receptor ( PDF-R ) is a G protein coupled receptor ( GPCR ) whose activation stimulates adenylate cyclase ( AC ) , there... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"adenylyl",
"cyclase",
"signaling",
"pathway",
"second",
"messenger",
"system",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"neuroscience",
"neurotransmitter",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"signaling",
"pathway... | 2012 | The Circadian Neuropeptide PDF Signals Preferentially through a Specific Adenylate Cyclase Isoform AC3 in M Pacemakers of Drosophila |
Recent high-throughput efforts such as ENCODE have generated a large body of genome-scale transcriptional data in multiple conditions ( e . g . , cell-types and disease states ) . Leveraging these data is especially important for network-based approaches to human disease , for instance to identify coherent transcriptio... | Complex biological interactions and processes can be modelled as networks , for instance metabolic pathways or protein-protein interactions . The growing availability of large high-throughput data in several experimental conditions now permits the full-scale analysis of biological interactions and processes . However ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"algorithms",
"systems",
"biology",
"computer",
"applications",
"computer",
"science",
"mathematics",
"algebra",
"genetics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"computing",
"methods",
"biology",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology",
"numerical",
"analysis"
] | 2014 | Multi-tissue Analysis of Co-expression Networks by Higher-Order Generalized Singular Value Decomposition Identifies Functionally Coherent Transcriptional Modules |
Human respiratory syncytial virus ( HRSV ) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age and the elderly , causing annual disease outbreaks during the fall and winter . Multiple lineages of the HRSVA and HRSVB serotypes co-circulate within a single outbreak and display a stro... | As part of the Viral Genetic Diversity Network ( VGDN ) , we sequenced the second variable region ( G2 ) of the G protein of human respiratory syncytial virus ( HRSV ) A and B from 568 patients sampled during 11 consecutive HRSV seasons ( 1995–2005 ) in the state of São Paulo , Brazil . A total of 933 HRSVA and 673 HRS... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Positive Selection Results in Frequent Reversible Amino Acid Replacements in the G Protein Gene of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is etiologically related to Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) , primary effusion lymphoma ( PEL ) and multicentric Castleman's disease ( MCD ) . It typically displays two different phases in its life cycle , the default latency and occasional lytic replication . The epigenetic mod... | Epigenetic modifications are thought to determine the fate of KSHV infection . The epigenetic landscape of KSHV genome in in vitro cell culture systems was well studied previously . However , the physiologically relevant scenario in clinical KS tissues is unclear . In this study , we performed ChIP-Seq experiments in c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"microbiology",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"histone",
"modification",
"oncology",
... | 2017 | Epigenetic Landscape of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Genome in Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma Tissues |
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease responsible for high morbidity around the world , especially in tropical and low income countries . Rats are thought to be the main vector of human leptospirosis in urban settings . However , differences between urban and low-income rural communities provide additional insights into ... | Leptospirosis is a febrile disease responsible for high morbidity rates all around the world . It is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus Leptospira and transmitted to humans through animal urine or contaminated soil or water . The epidemiology of leptospirosis has been extensively studied in urban communities , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"urine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"... | 2016 | High Leptospira Diversity in Animals and Humans Complicates the Search for Common Reservoirs of Human Disease in Rural Ecuador |
Highly repetitive and transposable element rich regions of the genome must be stabilized by the presence of heterochromatin . A direct role for RNA interference in the establishment of heterochromatin has been demonstrated in fission yeast . In metazoans , which possess multiple RNA–silencing pathways that are both fun... | One role for silent heterochromatin is to preserve the integrity of the genome by stabilizing regions rich in repetitive sequence and mobile elements . Compaction of repetitive sequences by heterochromatin is needed to prevent genome rearrangement and loss of genetic material . Furthermore , uncontrolled movement of mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/chromatin",
"structure",
"molecular",
"biology/rna-protein",
"interactions",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"biochemistry/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"genetics",
"and",
"g... | 2010 | HP1 Recruitment in the Absence of Argonaute Proteins in Drosophila |
The C-terminal region of the minor structural protein of potato leafroll virus ( PLRV ) , known as the readthrough protein ( RTP ) , is involved in efficient virus movement , tissue tropism and symptom development . Analysis of numerous C-terminal deletions identified a five-amino acid motif that is required for RTP fu... | Protein function is often dependent on its structure that is determined by the composition and chemistry of its amino acids . The C-terminal ~200 amino acids of the PLRV RTP are characteristically disordered yet this protein domain is involved in virus movement , tissue tropism and symptom development . Analysis of vir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"vascular",
"bundles",
"microbiology",
"phloem",
"plant",
"physiology",
"cloning",
"viral",
"structure",
"organic",
"compounds",
"plant",
"science",
"amino",
"acids",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analys... | 2018 | An aromatic amino acid and associated helix in the C-terminus of the potato leafroll virus minor capsid protein regulate systemic infection and symptom expression |
We have used Digital Gene Expression analysis to identify , without bilaterian bias , regulators of cnidarian embryonic patterning . Transcriptome comparison between un-manipulated Clytia early gastrula embryos and ones in which the key polarity regulator Wnt3 was inhibited using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (... | The recent wave of genome sequencing from many species has revealed that most of the gene families known to regulate animal development are shared not only between humans and laboratory favorites such as mice , flies and worms , but also by evolutionarily more distant animals such as jellyfish and sponges . It is often... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Differential Responses to Wnt and PCP Disruption Predict Expression and Developmental Function of Conserved and Novel Genes in a Cnidarian |
Hard-wired , Pavlovian , responses elicited by predictions of rewards and punishments exert significant benevolent and malevolent influences over instrumentally-appropriate actions . These influences come in two main groups , defined along anatomical , pharmacological , behavioural and functional lines . Investigations... | Beautiful background music in a shop may well tempt us to buy something we neither need nor want . Valenced stimuli have broad and profound influences on ongoing choice behaviour . After replicating known findings whereby approach is enhanced by appetitive Pavlovian stimuli and inhibited by aversive ones , we extend th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"cognition"
] | 2011 | Disentangling the Roles of Approach, Activation and Valence in Instrumental and Pavlovian Responding |
Humans stand out from other animals in that they are able to explicitly report on the reliability of their internal operations . This ability , which is known as metacognition , is typically studied by asking people to report their confidence in the correctness of some decision . However , the computations underlying c... | Confidence plays a key role in group interactions: when people express an opinion , they almost always communicate—either implicitly or explicitly—their confidence , and the degree of confidence has a strong effect on listeners . Understanding both how confidence is generated and how it is interpreted are therefore cri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Doubly Bayesian Analysis of Confidence in Perceptual Decision-Making |
There are currently huge efforts by the World Health Organization and partners to complete global polio eradication . With the significant decline in poliomyelitis cases due to wild poliovirus in recent years , rare cases related to the use of live-attenuated oral polio vaccine assume greater importance . Poliovirus st... | The global polio eradication initiative is the most ambitious and complex public health programme directed at a single disease in history with a projected cost of $16 . 5 billion . Of the three serotypes types 2 and 3 appear to have been eradicated in the wild and type 1 is mostly confined to a region of Pakistan and A... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Twenty-Eight Years of Poliovirus Replication in an Immunodeficient Individual: Impact on the Global Polio Eradication Initiative |
A cellular pre-mRNA undergoes various post-transcriptional processing events , including capping , splicing and polyadenylation prior to nuclear export . Splicing is particularly important for mRNA nuclear export as two distinct multi-protein complexes , known as human TREX ( hTREX ) and the exon-junction complex ( EJC... | Following gene expression in the nucleus , newly transcribed messenger RNA ( mRNA ) is exported to the cytoplasm , where it is translated into protein . In mammals the vast majority of mRNAs contain introns that must be removed by the spliceosome prior to nuclear export . In addition to excising introns , splicing is a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/mrna",
"transport",
"and",
"localization",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology"
] | 2008 | Recruitment of the Complete hTREX Complex Is Required for Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Intronless mRNA Nuclear Export and Virus Replication |
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ( pDCs ) represent a key immune cell in the defense against viruses . Through pattern recognition receptors ( PRRs ) , these cells detect viral pathogen associated molecular patterns ( PAMPs ) and initiate an Interferon ( IFN ) response . pDCs produce the antiviral IFNs including the well-s... | Hepatitis C Virus ( HCV ) is the most common bloodborne pathogen for which no vaccine is available . Infection with the virus often leads to persistent ( or chronic ) infection . Patients with chronic HCV infection can develop progressive liver disease and liver failure , leading to the need for a transplant . It is no... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"hepatitis",
"c",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"hepatitis",
"immunity",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"biology",
"liver",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Hepatitis C Virus Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Triggers Production of Lambda-Interferons by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells |
Polycomb Repressive Complex ( PRC ) 1 and PRC2 regulate genes involved in differentiation and development . However , the mechanism for how PRC1 and PRC2 are recruited to genes in mammalian cells is unclear . Here we present evidence for an interaction between the transcription factor REST , PRC1 , and PRC2 and show th... | Multicellular organisms are composed of a large number of specialized cell types that all originate from the Embryonic Stem cell ( ES cell ) . It is crucial for the maintenance of naïve ES cells that developmental genes are kept in an off-state until appropriate differentiation stimuli are received . Polycomb Repressiv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | REST–Mediated Recruitment of Polycomb Repressor Complexes in Mammalian Cells |
The hair cycle is a dynamic process where follicles repeatedly move through phases of growth , retraction , and relative quiescence . This process is an example of temporal and spatial biological complexity . Understanding of the hair cycle and its regulation would shed light on many other complex systems relevant to b... | The hair cycle represents a complex process of particular interest in the study of regulated proliferation , apoptosis and differentiation . While various modeling strategies are presented in the literature , none attempt to link extensive molecular details , provided by high-throughput experiments , with high-level , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"systems",
"biology",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"model",
"organisms",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"mouse",
"models",
"physical",
"sciences",
"nonlinear",
"dynamics",
"research",
"an... | 2014 | Mouse Hair Cycle Expression Dynamics Modeled as Coupled Mesenchymal and Epithelial Oscillators |
The human nuclear poly ( A ) -binding protein PABPN1 has been implicated in the decay of nuclear noncoding RNAs ( ncRNAs ) . In addition , PABPN1 promotes hyperadenylation by stimulating poly ( A ) -polymerases ( PAPα/γ ) , but this activity has not previously been linked to the decay of endogenous transcripts . Moreov... | Cells control gene expression by balancing the rates of RNA synthesis and decay . While the mechanisms of transcription regulation are extensively studied , the parameters that control nuclear RNA stability remain largely unknown . Previously , we and others reported that poly ( A ) tails may stimulate RNA decay in mam... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Canonical Poly(A) Polymerase Activity Promotes the Decay of a Wide Variety of Mammalian Nuclear RNAs |
Copy number variations ( CNVs ) represent a large source of genetic variation in humans and have been increasingly studied for disease association . A deletion polymorphism of the gene encoding the cytosolic detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase theta 1 ( GSTT1 ) has been extensively studied for cancer suscep... | Common diseases such as cancer are caused by interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors . Glutathione S-transferases ( GST ) are key enzymes in eliminating carcinogens and harmful macromolecules from cells . Based on the assumption that individuals who do not have a particular type of GST genes are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Linkage Disequilibrium between Two High-Frequency Deletion Polymorphisms: Implications for Association Studies Involving the glutathione-S transferase (GST) Genes |
Human African trypanosomiasis is caused by infection with parasites of the Trypanosoma brucei species complex , and threatens over 70 million people in sub-Saharan Africa . Development of new drugs is hampered by the limitations of current rodent models , particularly for stage II infections , which occur once parasite... | Parasites of the Trypanosoma brucei species complex are the causative agents of human African trypanosomiasis . There is an urgent need for new drugs to treat this debilitating and potentially fatal infection , especially in its late stage , when parasites have entered the central nervous system . Factors which hamper ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Highly Sensitive In Vivo Imaging of Trypanosoma brucei Expressing “Red-Shifted” Luciferase |
Cebu has been one of the most leprosy endemic areas in the Philippines . Despite the high coverage rates of multiple drug therapy ( MDT ) and high BCG-vaccine coverage in children , leprosy control authorities believe that leprosy transmission and incidence ( as evidence by continuing new case detection in both adults ... | The island of Cebu is one of the most leprosy-endemic areas in the Philippines . Multiple drug therapy ( MDT ) , improved BCG-vaccine coverage and active case finding have significantly lowered the adult case notification rates ( CNRs ) , but the CNR in children ( which is a proxy indicator of ongoing transmission ) se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | A Retrospective Study of the Epidemiology of Leprosy in Cebu: An Eleven-Year Profile |
The calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II ( CaMKII ) is a dodecameric holoenzyme important for encoding memory . Its activation , triggered by binding of calcium-calmodulin , persists autonomously after calmodulin dissociation . One ( receiver ) kinase captures and subsequently phosphorylates the regulatory do... | Protein kinases play central roles in intracellular signalling . Auto-phosphorylation by bound nucleotide typically precedes phosphate transfer to multiple substrates . Protein conformational changes are central to kinase function , altering binding affinities to change cellular location and shunt from one signal pathw... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"crystal",
"structure",
"monomers",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"materials",
"science",
"network",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"crystallography",
"oligomers",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"poly... | 2019 | Conformational coupling by trans-phosphorylation in calcium calmodulin dependent kinase II |
Melioidosis is an often fatal infectious disease affecting humans and animals in tropical regions and is caused by the saprophytic environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei . Domestic gardens are not only a common source of exposure to soil and thus to B . pseudomallei , but they also have been found to contain... | Melioidosis cases are on the rise in endemic areas of northern Australia and Thailand . This potentially severe infectious disease affecting humans and animals in the tropical belt is caused by the gram negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei . Domestic gardens are a common point of exposure to these environmental... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | What Drives the Occurrence of the Melioidosis Bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in Domestic Gardens? |
The Pak-Mun dam is a controversial hydro-power project on the Mun River in Northeast Thailand . The dam is sited in a habitat of the freshwater snail Neotricula aperta , which is the intermediate host for the parasitic blood-fluke Schistosoma mekongi causing Mekong schistosomiasis in humans in Cambodia and Laos . Few d... | There is much controversy over the effects of water resource development on the transmission of schistosomiasis in the lower Mekong Basin . Impact assessments are urgently required because there are currently 12 such projects planned in the region . The key to understanding the effects of impoundment is the impact on t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | A Population Growth Trend Analysis for Neotricula aperta, the Snail Intermediate Host of Schistosoma mekongi, after Construction of the Pak-Mun Dam |
Recognition of individuals by scent is widespread across animal taxa . Though animals can often discriminate chemical blends based on many compounds , recent work shows that specific protein pheromones are necessary and sufficient for individual recognition via scent marks in mice . The genetic nature of individuality ... | Individual recognition via scent is critical for many aspects of behavior including parental care , competition , cooperation and mate choice . While animal scents can differ in a huge number of dimensions , recent work has shown that only some specialized semiochemicals in scent marks are behaviorally relevant for ind... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"population",
"genetics",
"dna",
"transcription",
"urine",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"population",
"biology",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"re... | 2016 | Selection on Coding and Regulatory Variation Maintains Individuality in Major Urinary Protein Scent Marks in Wild Mice |
The spread of tick-borne pathogens represents an important threat to human and animal health in many parts of Eurasia . Here , we analysed a 9-year time series of Ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on Apodemus flavicollis mice ( main reservoir-competent host for tick-borne encephalitis , TBE ) sampled in Trentino ( Northern ... | Our work analyses a 9-year time series of tick co-feeding patterns on Yellow-necked mice . Our data shows a strong heterogeneity , where most mice are parasitised by a small number of ticks while few host a much larger number . We describe the number of ticks per host by the commonly used Negative Binomial model , by t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biological",
"data",
"management",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"dynamics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"and",
"statistics",
"pla... | 2014 | Pattern of Tick Aggregation on Mice: Larger Than Expected Distribution Tail Enhances the Spread of Tick-Borne Pathogens |
Supported by recent computational studies , there is increasing evidence that a wide range of neuronal responses can be understood as an emergent property of nonnegative sparse coding ( NSC ) , an efficient population coding scheme based on dimensionality reduction and sparsity constraints . We review evidence that NSC... | Brains face the fundamental challenge of extracting relevant information from high-dimensional external stimuli in order to form the neural basis that can guide an organism's behavior and its interaction with the world . One potential approach to addressing this challenge is to reduce the number of variables required t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Nonnegative",
"sparse",
"coding",
"as",
"a",
"modern",
"variant",
"of",
"the",
"efficient",
"coding",
"hypothesis",
"Empirical",
"evidence",
"for",
"NSC",
"in",
"the",
"brain",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Data",
"availability"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"face",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"face",
"recognition",
"perception",
"review",
"cognitive",
"psych... | 2019 | Neural correlates of sparse coding and dimensionality reduction |
Chronic viral infections lead to persistent CD8 T cell activation and functional exhaustion . Expression of programmed cell death-1 ( PD-1 ) has been associated to CD8 T cell dysfunction in HIV infection . Herein we report that another negative regulator of T cell activation , CD160 , was also upregulated on HIV-specif... | HIV infection is widely known to cause generalized immune activation and immune exhaustion ultimately leading to HIV disease progression . Several studies have suggested over the years that the accumulation of inhibitory signalling proteins on the surface of responding cells is linked to immune exhaustion in HIV . It h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"activation",
"retrovirology",
"and",
"hiv",
"immunopathogenesis",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"aids",
"... | 2012 | CD160 and PD-1 Co-Expression on HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Defines a Subset with Advanced Dysfunction |
Phenotypic variation within an isogenic bacterial population is thought to ensure the survival of a subset of cells in adverse conditions . The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa variably expresses several phenotypes , including antibiotic resistance , biofilm formation , and the production of CupA fimbriae ... | Bistable switches allow the expression of a gene , or set of genes , to switch from one stable expression state to another and can generate cells with different phenotypes in an isogenic population . In this work we uncover a previously unidentified bistable switch that controls virulence gene expression in the opportu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/nosocomial",
"and",
"healthcare-associated",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"developmen... | 2009 | Epigenetic Control of Virulence Gene Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a LysR-Type Transcription Regulator |
A promising alternative to address the problem of acquired drug resistance is to rely on combination therapies . Identification of the right combinations is often accomplished through trial and error , a labor and resource intensive process whose scale quickly escalates as more drugs can be combined . To address this p... | While targeted therapies have achieved remarkable antitumor responses , resistance to targeted agents frequently develops and renders the targeted drug ineffective . Combination therapies have been successful in delaying resistance and overcoming resistance . Additional goals of combination therapy are to achieve enhan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"pharmacologic",
"analysis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"antibiotic",
"susceptibility",
"testing",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"biological",
"cultures",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"drug",
"screening",
"simulation",
"and",
"m... | 2017 | A Computational Approach for Identifying Synergistic Drug Combinations |
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites with the smallest known eukaryotic genomes . Although they are increasingly recognized as economically and medically important parasites , the molecular basis of microsporidian pathogenicity is almost completely unknown and no genetic manipulation system is currently a... | Microsporidia are unusual intracellular parasites that infect a broad range of animal cells . In comparison to their fungal relatives , microsporidian genomes have shrunk during evolution , encoding as few as 2000 proteins . This minimal molecular repertoire makes them a reduced model system for understanding host-para... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"mycology",
"genomics",
"protozoology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"parasitology"
] | 2013 | The Genome of Spraguea lophii and the Basis of Host-Microsporidian Interactions |
Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen , and its ingestion through foods such as rice presents a significant risk to human health . Plants chemically reduce arsenate to arsenite . Using genome-wide association ( GWA ) mapping of loci controlling natural variation in arsenic accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana allowed us to... | Arsenic is a human carcinogen that accumulates from soil into many different food crops , where it presents a significantly increased cancer risk when foods derived from these crops are consumed . Plants naturally control the amount of arsenic they accumulate by first chemically converting arsenate into arsenite , whic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"biochemistry",
"plant",
"biochemistry",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"plant",
"genetics",
"plant",
"biotechnology"
] | 2014 | Genome-wide Association Mapping Identifies a New Arsenate Reductase Enzyme Critical for Limiting Arsenic Accumulation in Plants |
Results from Genome-Wide Association Studies ( GWAS ) have shown that complex diseases are often affected by many genetic variants with small or moderate effects . Identifications of these risk variants remain a very challenging problem . There is a need to develop more powerful statistical methods to leverage availabl... | In the past 10 years , many genome wide association studies ( GWAS ) have been conducted to identify the genetic bases of complex human traits . As of January , 2014 , more than 12 , 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) have been reported to be significantly associated with at least one complex trait/disease . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | GPA: A Statistical Approach to Prioritizing GWAS Results by Integrating Pleiotropy and Annotation |
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is an emerging arbovirus associated with several recent large-scale epidemics . The 2005–2006 epidemic on Reunion island that resulted in approximately 266 , 000 human cases was associated with a strain of CHIKV with a mutation in the envelope protein gene ( E1-A226V ) . To test the hypothes... | Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is an emerging arbovirus associated with several recent large-scale epidemics of arthritic disease , including one on Reunion island , where there were approximately 266 , 000 cases ( 34% of the total island population ) . CHIKV is transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes , primarily Ae . aeg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"insects"
] | 2007 | A Single Mutation in Chikungunya Virus Affects Vector Specificity and Epidemic Potential |
Transferrin Receptor ( TfR1 ) is the cell-surface receptor that regulates iron uptake into cells , a process that is fundamental to life . However , TfR1 also facilitates the cellular entry of multiple mammalian viruses . We use evolutionary and functional analyses of TfR1 in the rodent clade , where two families of vi... | Genetic differences between mammalian species dictate the patterns of viral infection observed in nature . They also define how viruses must evolve in order to infect new mammalian hosts , giving rise to new and sometimes pandemic diseases . Because viruses must enter cells before they can replicate , new diseases ofte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics"
] | 2013 | Dual Host-Virus Arms Races Shape an Essential Housekeeping Protein |
Investigators have linked rare copy number variation ( CNVs ) to neuropsychiatric diseases , such as schizophrenia . One hypothesis is that CNV events cause disease by affecting genes with specific brain functions . Under these circumstances , we expect that CNV events in cases should impact brain-function genes more f... | Specific rare deletion and duplication events in the genome have now been shown to be associated with neuropsychiatric diseases such as 16p11 . 2 to autism and 22q11 . 21 to schizophrenia . However , controversy remains as to whether rare events impacting certain pathways as a group increase the risk of disease , and i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"neurological",
"disorders/neurogenetics",
"neurological",
"disorders/neuropsychiatric",
"disorders",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinf... | 2010 | Accurately Assessing the Risk of Schizophrenia Conferred by Rare Copy-Number Variation Affecting Genes with Brain Function |
Sexual contact patterns , both in their temporal and network structure , can influence the spread of sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) . Most previous literature has focused on effects of network topology; few studies have addressed the role of temporal structure . We simulate disease spread using SI and SIR mode... | Human sexual contacts form a spatiotemporal network—the underlying structure over which sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) spread . By understanding the structure of this system we can better understand the dynamics of STIs . So far , there has been much focus on the static network structure of sexual contacts . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"physics/interdisciplinary",
"physics",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology"
] | 2011 | Simulated Epidemics in an Empirical Spatiotemporal Network of 50,185 Sexual Contacts |
The World Health Organization recommends at least 3 annual antibiotic mass drug administrations ( MDA ) where the prevalence of trachoma is >10% in children ages 1–9 years , with coverage at least at 80% . However , the additional value of higher coverage targeted at children with multiple rounds is unknown . 2×2 facto... | The World Health Organization recommends at least 3 annual antibiotic mass drug administrations ( MDA ) where the prevalence of trachoma is >10% in children ages 1–9 years , with coverage at least at 80% . However , the additional value of higher coverage targeted at children with multiple rounds is unknown . We random... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"trachoma"
] | 2013 | A Randomized Trial of Two Coverage Targets for Mass Treatment with Azithromycin for Trachoma |
With the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa , quorum sensing based on homoserine lactones was found to influence biofilm formation . Here we discern a mechanism by which quorum sensing controls biofilm formation by screening 5850 transposon mutants of P . aeruginosa PA14 for altered biofilm formation . This ... | Most bacteria live in biofilms , which are complex communities of microorganisms attached to a surface via polysaccharides; these biofilms are responsible for most human bacterial diseases . The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is best-studied for biofilm formation . Currently , it is recognized that cell communication ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"develo... | 2009 | Connecting Quorum Sensing, c-di-GMP, Pel Polysaccharide, and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through Tyrosine Phosphatase TpbA (PA3885) |
Many complex networks such as computer and social networks exhibit modular structures , where links between nodes are much denser within modules than between modules . It is widely believed that cellular networks are also modular , reflecting the relative independence and coherence of different functional units in a ce... | Many complex networks are naturally divided into communities or modules , where links within modules are much denser than those across modules . For example , human individuals belonging to the same ethnic groups interact more than those from different ethnic groups . Cellular functions are also organized in a highly m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"saccharomyces",
"drosophila",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | In Search of the Biological Significance of Modular Structures in Protein Networks |
Gene expression in a tissue-specific context depends on the combined efforts of epigenetic , transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes that lead to the production of specific proteins that are important determinants of cellular identity . Ribosomes are a central component of the protein biosynthesis machinery ... | Inherited skeletal muscle diseases are the most common form of genetic disorders with primary abnormalities in the structure and function of skeletal muscle resulting in the impaired locomotion in affected patients . A major hindrance to the development of effective therapies is a lack of understanding of biological pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"muscle",
"regeneration",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"stem",
"cells",
"experimental",
... | 2018 | RNA helicase, DDX27 regulates skeletal muscle growth and regeneration by modulation of translational processes |
Structural plasticity governs the long-term development of synaptic connections in the neocortex . While the underlying processes at the synapses are not fully understood , there is strong evidence that a process of random , independent formation and pruning of excitatory synapses can be ruled out . Instead , there mus... | Structural plasticity has been observed even in the adult mammalian neocortex – in seemingly static neuronal circuits structural remodeling is continuously at work . Still , it has been shown that the connection patterns between pairs of neurons are not random . In contrast , there is evidence that the synaptic contact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"neuroanatomy",
"neural",
"networks",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory"
] | 2012 | Spike-Timing Dependence of Structural Plasticity Explains Cooperative Synapse Formation in the Neocortex |
This RDT might be used as a point of care diagnostic tool in limited resources countries . An evaluation in field conditions and in other epidemiological contexts should be considered to assess its validity over a wider range of serogroups or when facing different endemic pathogens . It might prove useful in endemic co... | The major burden of leptospirosis happens in low-income populations from tropical or subtropical regions . Because of nonspecific symptoms in human leptospirosis , the biological confirmation is needed to ascertain the disease . However , this biological diagnosis relies on sophisticated and time-consuming techniques t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"leptospirosis"
] | 2013 | Sensitivity and Specificity of a New Vertical Flow Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Serodiagnosis of Human Leptospirosis |
Metabolism is the major output of the circadian clock in many organisms . We developed a computational method to integrate both circadian gene expression and metabolic network . Applying this method to zebrafish circadian transcriptome , we have identified large clusters of metabolic genes containing mostly genes in pu... | The circadian timing system gates cell cycle progression in various organisms from unicellular microorganisms to mammals . Although a number of factors have been implicated in linking the circadian clock with the cell cycle , little is known about the contribution of metabolic processes to this interaction . In this st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Integrative Analysis of Circadian Transcriptome and Metabolic Network Reveals the Role of De Novo Purine Synthesis in Circadian Control of Cell Cycle |
Recent reports of transmission interruption of Onchocerca volvulus , the causing agent of river blindness , in former endemic foci in the Americas , and more recently in West and East Africa , raise the question whether elimination of this debilitating disease is underway after long-term treatment of the population at ... | Over the past decades the Fight against river blindness , a tropical disease caused by a nematode worm , has been relatively successful , and a number of countries have been reported to be free of parasite transmission . In North Cameroon , we checked the occurrence of infective stages of Onchocerca volvulus in the tra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"onchocerca",
"volvulus",
"rivers",
"ruminants",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"parasitic"... | 2016 | Ongoing Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus after 25 Years of Annual Ivermectin Mass Treatments in the Vina du Nord River Valley, in North Cameroon |
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide with over 500 million cases annually . Chemotaxis and motility have been identified as important virulence factors associated with C . jejuni colonisation . Group A transducer-like proteins ( Tlps ) are responsible for sensing the external env... | Bacterial chemotaxis is an important part in initiation of colonisation and subsequent pathogenicity . In this study , we report direct evidence supporting the involvement of C . jejuni transducer-like protein Cj1564 ( Tlp3 ) in the chemotaxis signalling pathway via small molecule arrays , surface plasmon and nuclear m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2014 | Characterisation of a Multi-ligand Binding Chemoreceptor CcmL (Tlp3) of Campylobacter jejuni |
Dipteran flies are amongst the smallest and most agile of flying animals . Their wings are driven indirectly by large power muscles , which cause cyclical deformations of the thorax that are amplified through the intricate wing hinge . Asymmetric flight manoeuvres are controlled by 13 pairs of steering muscles acting d... | A blowfly's wingbeat is 50 times shorter than a blink of a human eye , and is controlled by numerous tiny steering muscles—some of which are as thin as a human hair . To visualize the movements of these muscles and the deformations of the surrounding exoskeleton , we developed a technique to allow us to look inside the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Conclusions",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"flight",
"mechanics",
"(biology)",
"x-radiation",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"neuroscience",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"biomechanics",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"materials",
"science",
"zoology",
"bioengineering",
"muscu... | 2014 | In Vivo Time-Resolved Microtomography Reveals the Mechanics of the Blowfly Flight Motor |
Human chromosome 14q32 . 2 harbors the germline-derived primary DLK1-MEG3 intergenic differentially methylated region ( IG-DMR ) and the postfertilization-derived secondary MEG3-DMR , together with multiple imprinted genes . Although previous studies in cases with microdeletions and epimutations affecting both DMRs and... | Genomic imprinting is a process causing genes to be expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner—some imprinted genes are expressed from maternally inherited chromosomes and others from paternally inherited chromosomes . Imprinted genes are often located in clusters regulated by regions that are differentially methy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | The IG-DMR and the MEG3-DMR at Human Chromosome 14q32.2: Hierarchical Interaction and Distinct Functional Properties as Imprinting Control Centers |
Host genetic variation modifying HIV-1 acquisition risk can inform development of HIV-1 prevention strategies . However , associations between rare or intermediate-frequency variants and HIV-1 acquisition are not well studied . We tested for the association between variation in genic regions and extreme HIV-1 acquisiti... | Antiretroviral drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis ( PrEP ) or treatment significantly reduce risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission , but face challenges of increasing access , maintaining high adherence , and selecting viral resistance . Improved understanding of the molecular determinants of HIV-1 sexual transmis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"immu... | 2017 | Whole genome sequencing of extreme phenotypes identifies variants in CD101 and UBE2V1 associated with increased risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 |
The human ABCB1 ( MDR1 ) -encoded multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein ( P-gp ) plays a major role in disposition and efficacy of a broad range of drugs including anticancer agents . ABCB1 polymorphisms could therefore determine interindividual variability in resistance to these drugs . To test this hypothesis we devel... | Patients often show varied drug responses ranging from lack of therapeutic efficacy to life-threatening adverse drug reactions . Drug therapy would be greatly improved if it were possible to predict individual drug sensitivity and tailor drugs to patients' genetic makeup . Like all other organisms , humans have a set o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"oncology",
"biochemistry",
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"saccharomyces"
] | 2007 | Function-Altering SNPs in the Human Multidrug Transporter Gene ABCB1 Identified Using a Saccharomyces-Based Assay |
Miltefosine ( MF ) is the only oral drug available for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis ( PKDL ) . Although the drug is effective and well tolerated in treatment of VL , the efficacy and safety of MF for longer treatment durations ( >28 days ) in PKDL remains unclear . ... | In this study , we reviewed the available literature on the subject of safety and efficacy of the oral drug miltefosine in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis ( PKDL ) . Literature was searched systematically in the PubMed database and eight articles , with a total of 324 PKDL patients , were included ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"vomiting",
"statistics",
"metaanalysis",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"database",
"searching",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"toxicology",
"research",
"design",... | 2019 | The safety and efficacy of miltefosine in the long-term treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in South Asia – A review and meta-analysis |
Capturing nature’s statistical structure in behavioral responses is at the core of the ability to function adaptively in the environment . Bayesian statistical inference describes how sensory and prior information can be combined optimally to guide behavior . An outstanding open question of how neural coding supports B... | Many behaviors require predictive movements . Predictive movements are especially important in prey capture where a predator must predict the future location of moving prey . How sensory information is transformed to motor commands for predictive behaviors is an important open question . Bayesian statistical inference ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Optimal Prediction of Moving Sound Source Direction in the Owl |
Genome-wide association studies in human populations have facilitated the creation of genomic profiles which combine the effects of many associated genetic variants to predict risk of disease . The area under the receiver operator characteristic ( ROC ) curve is a well established measure for determining the efficacy o... | Genome-wide association studies in human populations have facilitated the creation of genomic profiles that combine the effects of many associated genetic variants to predict risk of disease . However , genomic profiles are inherently constrained in their ability to classify diseased from non-diseased individuals dicta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits"
] | 2010 | The Genetic Interpretation of Area under the ROC Curve in Genomic Profiling |
Characterizing infectivity as a function of pathogen dose is integral to microbial risk assessment . Dose-response experiments usually administer doses to subjects at one time . Phenomenological models of the resulting data , such as the exponential and the Beta-Poisson models , ignore dose timing and assume independen... | We model the relationship between the temporal patterns of pathogen exposure and infection take off within people . Since different routes of transmission ( e . g . , airborne versus surface transfer routes ) may result in different temporal patterns of exposure , this model helps to better compare the risks of transmi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
... | 2009 | The Effect of Ongoing Exposure Dynamics in Dose Response
Relationships |
MicroRNA ( miRNA ) –mediated gene regulation is of critical functional importance in animals and is thought to be largely constrained during evolution . However , little is known regarding evolutionary changes of the miRNA network and their role in human evolution . Here we show that a number of miRNA binding sites dis... | MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are endogenous small RNAs that bind to their target mRNAs to post-transcriptionally repress protein production . miRNA–mediated gene regulation is usually considered to be strongly conserved among and within species , and thus alteration of such regulations is usually considered as detrimental . Ho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Evidence for Positive Selection on a Number of MicroRNA Regulatory Interactions during Recent Human Evolution |
Telomere integrity in budding yeast depends on the CST ( Cdc13-Stn1-Ten1 ) and shelterin-like ( Rap1-Rif1-Rif2 ) complexes , which are thought to act independently from each other . Here we show that a specific functional interaction indeed exists among components of the two complexes . In particular , unlike RIF2 dele... | Protection of chromosome ends is crucial for maintaining chromosome stability and genome integrity , and its failure leads to genome rearrangements that may facilitate carcinogenesis . This protection is achieved by the packaging of chromosome ends into protective structures called telomeres that prevent DNA repair/rec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"dna",
"metabolism",
"microbiology",
"telomeres",
"model",
"organisms",
"dna",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae",
"dna",
"recombination",
... | 2011 | Rif1 Supports the Function of the CST Complex in Yeast Telomere Capping |
The absence of an effective vaccine and the debilitating chemotherapy for Leishmaniasis demonstrate the need for developing alternative treatments . Several studies conducted with Morinda citrifolia have shown various biological activities , including antileishmanial activity , however its mechanisms of action are unkn... | Leishmaniasis is a complex of diseases caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus , which affects thousands of people around the world . The parasite lives within the cells and the disease manifests itself in different ways , one of them is wound-like lesions on the skin that do not heal . The treatment , with a medic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"collagens",
... | 2016 | Morinda citrifolia Linn. Reduces Parasite Load and Modulates Cytokines and Extracellular Matrix Proteins in C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis |
Local field potential ( LFP ) oscillations are often accompanied by synchronization of activity within a widespread cerebral area . Thus , the LFP and neuronal coherence appear to be the result of a common mechanism that underlies neuronal assembly formation . We used the olfactory bulb as a model to investigate: ( 1 )... | Olfactory function relies on a chain of neural relays that extends from the periphery to the central nervous system and implies neural activity with various timescales . A central question in neuroscience is how information is encoded by the neural activity . In the mammalian olfactory bulb , local neural activity osci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Specific Entrainment of Mitral Cells during Gamma Oscillation in the Rat Olfactory Bulb |
The evolution of disease or the progress of recovery of a patient is a complex process , which depends on many factors . A quantitative description of this process in real-time by a single , clinically measurable parameter ( biomarker ) would be helpful for early , informed and targeted treatment . Organ transplantatio... | The evolution of disease or the progress of recovery of a patient is usually monitored by collecting physical parameters , which may be simply the body temperature for a common cold or properties of tissue samples for e . g . , cancer . Most often clinical decisions are taken based on the current value or because of a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"research",
"design",
"proteins",
"protein",
"folding",
"protein",
"structure",
"longitudinal",
"studies",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"biomarkers",
"biophysics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | Optimal Reaction Coordinate as a Biomarker for the Dynamics of Recovery from Kidney Transplant |
The Drosophila circadian oscillator controls daily rhythms in physiology , metabolism and behavior via transcriptional feedback loops . CLOCK-CYCLE ( CLK-CYC ) heterodimers initiate feedback loop function by binding E-box elements to activate per and tim transcription . PER-TIM heterodimers then accumulate , bind CLK-C... | Circadian clocks control daily rhythms in animal , plant and fungal physiology , metabolism and behavior via transcriptional feedback loops . In Drosophila , the CLOCK-CYCLE ( CLK-CYC ) activator complex binds E-box regulatory sequences to initiate transcription of hundreds of effector genes including their own repress... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"messenger",
"rna",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"animals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"circadian",
"oscillators",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"transcription",
"factors",... | 2016 | CLOCKWORK ORANGE Enhances PERIOD Mediated Rhythms in Transcriptional Repression by Antagonizing E-box Binding by CLOCK-CYCLE |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a necrotizing bacterial infection of skin , subcutaneous tissue and bone caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . Although the functional impairment caused by BU results in severe suffering and in socio-economic problems , the disease remains largely neglected in Africa . The province of Bas-Congo in D... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) , which is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans , is an important disabling skin disease . However , BU has been neglected in many endemic African countries , including in the Democratic Republic of Congo . The province of Bas-Congo contains one of the most important BU foci of the country , i . e . the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"public",
"health"
] | 2011 | Effect of a Control Project on Clinical Profiles and Outcomes in Buruli Ulcer: A Before/After Study in Bas-Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo |
Chagas disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease well-documented throughout the Americas and transmitted primarily by triatomine ‘kissing bug’ vectors . In acknowledgment of the successful history of vector control programs based on community participation across Latin America , we used a citizen science approach to gain... | We created a kissing bug citizen science program in Texas to educate the public about Chagas disease , a vector-borne disease of humans and dogs , and to create a mechanism for the public to submit triatomine ‘kissing bug’ vectors to our research program . From May 2013 to December 2014 , we designed an interactive web... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Combining Public Health Education and Disease Ecology Research: Using Citizen Science to Assess Chagas Disease Entomological Risk in Texas |
Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) trans-activator/oncoprotein , Tax , impacts a multitude of cellular processes , including I-κB kinase ( IKK ) /NF-κB signaling , DNA damage repair , and mitosis . These activities of Tax have been implicated in the development of adult T-cell leukemia ( ATL ) in HTLV-1-infec... | Activation of the NF-κB family of transcription factors by the HTLV-1 oncoprotein , Tax , is causally linked to adult T cell leukemia ( ATL ) development in HTLV-1-infected individuals , but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood . NF-κB activation requires the phosphorylation of its inhibitor , IκBα , by I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | HTLV-1 Tax Stimulates Ubiquitin E3 Ligase, Ring Finger Protein 8, to Assemble Lysine 63-Linked Polyubiquitin Chains for TAK1 and IKK Activation |
Recent studies are starting to show that genetic control over stochastic variation is a key evolutionary solution of single celled organisms in the face of unpredictable environments . This has been expanded to show that genetic variation can alter stochastic variation in transcriptional processes within multi-cellular... | Systems biology is largely based on the principal that the link between genotype and phenotype is deterministic , and , if we know enough , can be predicted with high accuracy . In contrast , recent work studying transcription within single celled organisms has shown that the genotype to phenotype link is stochastic , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"systems",
"biology",
"genome",
"complexity",
"plant",
"science",
"genomics",
"phenotypes",
"plant",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
... | 2015 | Genetic Variation in the Nuclear and Organellar Genomes Modulates Stochastic Variation in the Metabolome, Growth, and Defense |
In tropical regions , protozoan parasites can cause severe diseases with malaria , leishmaniasis , sleeping sickness , and Chagas disease standing in the forefront . Many of the drugs currently being used to treat these diseases have been developed more than 50 years ago and can cause severe adverse effects . Above all... | Even though agrochemistry and infectious disease control have the same principle goal – the suppression of harmful organisms without harming human health and the environment – there have been only very limited activities to exploit this overlap for the development of new antiinfectious drugs so far . In this study and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"medicine",
"biotechnology",
"agrochemicals",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"chagas",
"disease",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"(non-neglected)",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"leishmaniasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"malaria",
"agriculture"
] | 2012 | Agrochemicals against Malaria, Sleeping Sickness, Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease |
Increasing amounts of sequence data are becoming available for a wide range of non-model organisms . Investigating and modelling the metabolic behaviour of those organisms is highly relevant to understand their biology and ecology . As sequences are often incomplete and poorly annotated , draft networks of their metabo... | In the era of fast and massive genome sequencing , one challenge is to transform sequence information into biological knowledge . Reconstructing metabolic networks that include all biochemical reactions of a cell is a way to infer reactions from genomic data . Unfortunately , those data are usually incomplete , poorly ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"metabolic",
"networks",
"enzymology",
"database",
"searching",
"reactants",
"genomic",
"databases",
"plant",
"science",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"photosynthesis",
"plants",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"research",
"and... | 2017 | Meneco, a Topology-Based Gap-Filling Tool Applicable to Degraded Genome-Wide Metabolic Networks |
Sri Lanka was one of the first countries to initiate a lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) elimination program based on WHO guidelines . The Anti-Filariasis Campaign provided 5 annual rounds of mass drug administration ( MDA ) with diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole in all 8 endemic districts from 2002–2006 . Microfilaremia (... | Lymphatic Filariasis ( LF , also known as “elephantiasis” ) is a disabling and deforming tropical disease caused by parasitic worms that are transmitted by mosquitoes . The Sri Lankan Anti-Filariasis Campaign provided 5 annual rounds of mass drug administration ( MDA ) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole between 20... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"body",
"fluids",
"education",
"sociology",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"filariasis",
"antibodies",
"insect",
"vector... | 2017 | Reassessment of areas with persistent Lymphatic Filariasis nine years after cessation of mass drug administration in Sri Lanka |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.