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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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As effective onchocerciasis control efforts in Africa transition to elimination efforts , different diagnostic tools are required to support country programs . Senegal , with its long standing , successful control program , is transitioning to using the SD BIOLINE Onchocerciasis IgG4 ( Ov16 ) rapid test over traditiona... | As onchocerciasis control programs succeed and transition to elimination efforts , different diagnostic tools are needed . The goal of this study was to determine if integrating the Ov16 rapid test is feasible based on acceptability , usability , and cost . A study was conducted in 13 villages in southeastern Senegal i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biopsy",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"onchocerciasi... | 2017 | Feasibility of utilizing the SD BIOLINE Onchocerciasis IgG4 rapid test in onchocerciasis surveillance in Senegal |
Infants account for a small proportion of the overall dengue case burden in endemic countries but can be clinically more difficult to manage . The clinical and laboratory features in infants with dengue have not been extensively characterised . This prospective , cross-sectional descriptive study of infants hospitalize... | Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries , including Vietnam . Dengue cases occur in children and young adults; however , severe dengue also occurs in infants less than 1 year of age . Prompt recognition of dengue is important for appropriate case management , particularly in infant... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/diagnosis",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"pediatrics",
"and",
"child",
"health"
] | 2010 | Clinical and Virological Features of Dengue in Vietnamese Infants |
In the Peruvian Amazon , the dengue vector Aedes aegypti is abundant in large urban centers such as Iquitos . In recent years , it has also been found in a number of neighboring rural communities with similar climatic and socioeconomic conditions . To better understand Ae . aegypti spread , we compared characteristics ... | Ae . aegypti mosquitoes carry a number of viruses that cause human disease , including dengue and yellow fever . Over the past 30 years , the burden of dengue has increased exponentially , due to urbanization , poor waste and water management , human transportation , and expanding mosquito populations . Although much r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology",
"vector",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"disease",
"vectors"
] | 2014 | Patterns of Geographic Expansion of Aedes aegypti in the Peruvian Amazon |
The mental contents of perception and imagery are thought to be encoded in hierarchical representations in the brain , but previous attempts to visualize perceptual contents have failed to capitalize on multiple levels of the hierarchy , leaving it challenging to reconstruct internal imagery . Recent work showed that v... | Machine learning-based analysis of human functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) patterns has enabled the visualization of perceptual content . However , prior work visualizing perceptual contents from brain activity has failed to combine visual information of multiple hierarchical levels . Here , we present a m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"neural",
"networks",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"i... | 2019 | Deep image reconstruction from human brain activity |
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) can be described as cautious and hesitant , manifesting an excessive indecisiveness that hinders efficient decision making . However , excess caution in decision making may also lead to better performance in specific situations where the cost of extended deliberation ... | Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) report to suffer from indecisiveness and overly cautious decision making . Although many studies captured such a bias experimentally , little is known about the cognitive mechanisms driving such an indecisiveness . In this study , we investigated 16 juvenile OCD patie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuropsychiatric",
"disorders",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"adhd",
"decision",
"making",
"anxiety",
"disorders",
"obsessive-compulsive",
"disorder",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"health",
"care",
"age",
"groups",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathema... | 2017 | Increased decision thresholds enhance information gathering performance in juvenile Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
Much debate has arisen from research on muscle synergies with respect to both limb impedance control and energy consumption . Studies of limb impedance control in the context of reaching movements and postural tasks have produced divergent findings , and this study explores whether the use of synergies by the central n... | The manner in which the nervous system coordinates the multiple muscles in the body is complex . It has been studied for decades , but a more full understanding is needed to enable the development of effective evaluation and treatment methods in disorders that cause neuromuscular disability such as cerebral palsy and s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"stiffness",
"mechanical",
"properties",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ellipses",
"nervous",
"system",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"geometry",
"biomechanics",
"mathematics",
"materials",
"science",
"elbow",
"musculoskeletal",
"mechanics",
"muscle",
"physiology",
"mu... | 2016 | Muscle Synergies Heavily Influence the Neural Control of Arm Endpoint Stiffness and Energy Consumption |
Cell cycle progression is carefully coordinated with a cell’s intra- and extracellular environment . While some pathways have been identified that communicate information from the environment to the cell cycle , a systematic understanding of how this information is dynamically processed is lacking . We address this by ... | The cell cycle is an exquisitely tuned process , alternating between states of cell growth , DNA replication , mitosis , and cytokinesis . While this process is robust , it is also responsive to diverse environmental signals . For example , cell cycle events may be delayed or advanced in response to changes in temperat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Model-Based Analysis of Cell Cycle Responses to Dynamically Changing Environments |
While immunological memory has long been considered the province of T- and B- lymphocytes , it has recently been reported that innate cell populations are capable of mediating memory responses . We now show that an innate memory immune response is generated in mice following infection with vaccinia virus , a poxvirus f... | Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity and provides the basis for our ability to become ‘immune’ to pathogens to which we have previously been exposed , and provides the basis for vaccination . For decades , the paradigm held that only the classical adaptive lymphocytes were capable of forming and main... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Thy1+ Nk Cells from Vaccinia Virus-Primed Mice Confer Protection against Vaccinia Virus Challenge in the Absence of Adaptive Lymphocytes |
Models of the cerebellar microcircuit often assume that input signals from the mossy-fibers are expanded and recoded to provide a foundation from which the Purkinje cells can synthesize output filters to implement specific input-signal transformations . Details of this process are however unclear . While previous work ... | The cerebellum plays an important role in the learning of precise movements , and in humans holds 80% of all the neurons in the brain , due to numerous small cells called “granule cells” embedded in the granular layer . It is widely thought that the granular layer receives , transforms and delays input signals coming f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | At the Edge of Chaos: How Cerebellar Granular Layer Network Dynamics Can Provide the Basis for Temporal Filters |
New approaches to preventing chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) are needed because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations , and they have not prevented the invasion of this virus into new locales , nor have they been sufficient to control the virus upon arrival . A promising candidate for arbovirus co... | New approaches to preventing chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) infection are needed because the endemic range of this virus is expanding and because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations , and this approach has not effectively controlled this virus . A promising candidate for arbovirus control and p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"saliva",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",... | 2016 | The wMel Strain of Wolbachia Reduces Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Aedes aegypti |
Exposure to influenza viruses is necessary , but not sufficient , for healthy human hosts to develop symptomatic illness . The host response is an important determinant of disease progression . In order to delineate host molecular responses that differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic Influenza A infection , we inoc... | The transcriptional responses of human hosts towards influenza viral pathogens are important for understanding virus-mediated immunopathology . Despite great advances gained through studies using model organisms , the complete temporal host transcriptional responses in a natural human system are poorly understood . In ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"cytokines",
"statistics",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"mathematics",
"immune",
"defense",
"viral",
"disease",
"diagnosis",
"inflammation",
"virulen... | 2011 | Temporal Dynamics of Host Molecular Responses Differentiate Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Influenza A Infection |
Genetic sequence data on pathogens have great potential to inform inference of their transmission dynamics ultimately leading to better disease control . Where genetic change and disease transmission occur on comparable timescales additional information can be inferred via the joint analysis of such genetic sequence da... | In the midst of increasingly available sequence data of pathogens , a key challenge is to better integrate these data with traditional epidemiological data , with the proximate goal of reliable prediction and the ultimate aim of effective management of disease outbreaks . Although substantial advances have been made fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A Systematic Bayesian Integration of Epidemiological and Genetic Data |
Protein-protein interactions are regulated by a subtle balance of complicated atomic interactions and solvation at the interface . To understand such an elusive phenomenon , it is necessary to thoroughly survey the large configurational space from the stable complex structure to the dissociated states using the all-ato... | Dynamic nature of the protein-protein interactions is an important element of cellular processes such as metabolic reactions and signal transduction , but its atomistic details are still unclear . Computational survey using molecular dynamics simulation is a straightforward method to elucidate these atomistic protein-p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"biophysical",
"simulations"
] | 2014 | Energy Landscape of All-Atom Protein-Protein Interactions Revealed by Multiscale Enhanced Sampling |
Population structure in genotype data has been extensively studied , and is revealed by looking at the principal components of the genotype matrix . However , no similar analysis of population structure in gene expression data has been conducted , in part because a naïve principal components analysis of the gene expres... | Increasingly complex , high dimensional , multi-modal genomics datasets warrant investigation into analysis techniques that can reveal structure in the data without over-fitting . Here , we show that the coupling of principal component analysis to canonical correlation analysis offers an efficient approach to explorato... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Data",
"and",
"software",
"availability"
] | [
"statistics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"mathematics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"population",
"biology",
"structural",
"genomics",
"discrete",
"mathematics",
"combinatorics",
"research",
"and",
"... | 2018 | Expression reflects population structure |
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a powerful regulator of neovascularization . VEGF binding to its cognate receptor , VEGFR2 , activates a number of signaling pathways including ERK1/2 . Activation of ERK1/2 is experimentally shown to involve sphingosine kinase 1 ( SphK1 ) activation and its calcium-depend... | Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) signaling is a potent regulator of angiogenesis , the growth and development of new vessels out of a preexisting vascular network . Angiogenesis requires enhanced survival , proliferation , and motility of the vascular endothelial cells . Crucial signaling endpoints in VEGF-m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cardiovascular",
"physiology",
"vegf",
"signaling",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"angiogenesis",
"developmental",
"biology",
"ion",
"channels",
"calcium",
"si... | 2017 | Computational investigation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and calcium dependent ERK1/2 activation downstream of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells |
Photosynthesis is a crucial biological process that depends on the interplay of many components . This work analyzed the gene targets for 4 transcription factors: FnrL , PrrA , CrpK and MppG ( RSP_2888 ) , which are known or predicted to control photosynthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides . Chromatin immunoprecipitation ... | Photosynthetic organisms are among the most abundant life forms on earth . Their unique ability to harvest solar energy and use it to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide is at the foundation of the global food chain . This paper reports the first comprehensive analysis of networks that control expression of photosynthesis g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"genetic",
"networks",
"transcription",
"activators",
"genome",
"evolution",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"gene",
"function",
"next-gen... | 2014 | Global Analysis of Photosynthesis Transcriptional Regulatory Networks |
The heteropentameric condensin complexes have been shown to participate in mitotic chromosome condensation and to be required for unperturbed chromatid segregation in nuclear divisions . Vertebrates have two condensin complexes , condensin I and condensin II , which contain the same structural maintenance of chromosome... | The accurate duplication and segregation of chromosomes during cell divisions are prerequisites for ensuring genetic stability within an individual organism and in entire populations . Among the many components involved in regulating these processes , a protein complex called condensin plays a crucial role in shaping m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mitosis",
"cell",
"division",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"centromeres",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Functional Dissection of the Drosophila melanogaster Condensin Subunit Cap-G Reveals Its Exclusive Association with Condensin I |
Synaptic vesicles dock to the plasma membrane at synapses to facilitate rapid exocytosis . Docking was originally proposed to require the soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor ( SNARE ) proteins; however , perturbation studies suggested that docking was independent of the SNARE proteins ... | Like Olympic swimmers crouched on their starting blocks , synaptic vesicles prepare for fusion with the neuronal plasma membrane long before the starting gun fires . This preparation enables vesicles to fuse rapidly , synchronously , and in the correct place when the signal finally arrives . A well-known but poorly und... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"neuroscience"
] | 2007 | Open Syntaxin Docks Synaptic Vesicles |
We have previously shown that the physiological size of postsynaptic currents maximises energy efficiency rather than information transfer across the retinothalamic relay synapse . Here , we investigate information transmission and postsynaptic energy use at the next synapse along the visual pathway: from relay neurons... | Compared to other organs , the brain consumes a vast amount of energy for its size . Most of this energy is used to power the electrical and chemical processes that support neural computation . As the energy supply to the brain is limited , it follows that this computation should be energetically efficient . Previously... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"information",
"entropy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"neuronal",
"dendrites",
"thermodynamics",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"s... | 2019 | Energy-efficient information transfer at thalamocortical synapses |
Leishmania parasites lack pathways for de novo purine biosynthesis . The depletion of purines induces differentiation into virulent metacyclic forms . In vitro , the parasites can survive prolonged periods of purine withdrawal changing their morphology to long and slender cells with an extended flagellum , and decreasi... | Cells respond to cellular stress by decreasing protein translation , to prevent the formation of partially folded or misfolded new polypeptides whose accumulation can be detrimental to living cells . Under such conditions , the cells benefit from storing inactive mRNAs and stalled ribosomal particles , to maintain thei... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"messenger",
"rna",
"microbiology",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"organic",
"compounds",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"purines",
"developmental",
"biology",
"nutrition",
"protozoans",
"le... | 2019 | Nutritional stress targets LeishIF4E-3 to storage granules that contain RNA and ribosome components in Leishmania |
The lateral mobility of individual , incoming human papillomavirus type 16 pseudoviruses ( PsV ) bound to live HeLa cells was studied by single particle tracking using fluorescence video microscopy . The trajectories were computationally analyzed in terms of diffusion rate and mode of motion as described by the moment ... | To replicate , viruses have to enter into host cells . Since they have no means of locomotion , they rely entirely on cellular transport systems to access the cellular compartments where replication occurs . Following individual virus particles by video microscopy , we found that human papillomavirus type 16 , the main... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry",
"cell",
"biology/cytoskeleton"
] | 2008 | Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Entry: Retrograde Cell Surface Transport along Actin-Rich Protrusions |
The whipworm Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth that dwells in the epithelium of the caecum and proximal colon of their hosts causing the human disease , trichuriasis . Trichuriasis is characterized by colitis attributed to the inflammatory response elicited by the parasite while tunnelling through inte... | The human gut is home to millions of bacteria , collectively called the microbiota , and also to parasites that include whipworms . The interactions between gut cells , the microbiota and whipworms define conditions for balanced parasitism . Cells lining the gut host whipworms but also interact with gut immune cells to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enterococcus",
"infections",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"opportunistic",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"liver",
"diseases",
"bacterial",... | 2019 | Exclusive dependence of IL-10Rα signalling on intestinal microbiota homeostasis and control of whipworm infection |
Early embryo miscarriage is linked to inadequate endometrial decidualization , a cellular transformation process that enables deep blastocyst invasion into the maternal compartment . Although much of the cellular events that underpin endometrial stromal cell ( ESC ) decidualization are well recognized , the individual ... | Failure of an embryo to correctly implant into the endometrium is a common cause of pregnancy failure or early embryo miscarriage . Although advances in our understanding of oocyte and embryo development have significantly increased pregnancy success rates , these rates remain unacceptably low due in part to an endomet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Acceleration of the Glycolytic Flux by Steroid Receptor Coactivator-2 Is Essential for Endometrial Decidualization |
The translation efficiency of most Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes remains fairly constant across poor and rich growth media . This observation has led us to revisit the available data and to examine the potential utility of a protein abundance predictor in reinterpreting existing mRNA expression data . Our predictor is... | DNA microarrays measuring gene expression levels have been a mainstay of systems biology research , but since proteins are more direct mediators of cellular processes , protein abundance levels are likely to be a better indicator of the cellular state . However , as proteomic measurements are still lagging behind gene ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"yeast",
"and",
"fungi",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Determinants of Protein Abundance and Translation Efficiency in S. cerevisiae |
Replication and pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) is tightly linked to the structure of its RNA genome , but genome structure in infectious virions is poorly understood . We invent high-throughput SHAPE ( selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension ) technology , which uses many ... | The function of the RNA genome of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) is determined both by its sequence and by its ability to fold back on itself to form specific higher-order structures . In order to describe physical structures in a region of the HIV RNA genome known to play multiple , critical roles in viral r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology"
] | 2008 | High-Throughput SHAPE Analysis Reveals Structures in HIV-1 Genomic RNA Strongly Conserved across Distinct Biological States |
Hematophagous vectors strictly require ingesting blood from their hosts to complete their life cycles . Exposure of the alimentary canal of these vectors to the host immune effectors necessitates efficient counteractive measures by hematophagous vectors . The Anopheles mosquito transmitting the malaria parasite is an e... | Mosquitoes are important vectors in the transmission of many human diseases . Their life cycle requires a blood meal to be completed . Ingested blood contains bioactive molecules belonging to the innate immune defense mechanisms against microbes , like the complement system , that can damage foreign cells . We have ide... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Anopheles Midgut Epithelium Evades Human Complement Activity by Capturing Factor H from the Blood Meal |
Progressive hearing loss is common in the human population , but we have few clues to the molecular basis . Mouse mutants with progressive hearing loss offer valuable insights , and ENU ( N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea ) mutagenesis is a useful way of generating models . We have characterised a new ENU-induced mouse mutant , Ob... | Progressive hearing loss is very common in the human population , but we know little about the causes . Environmental and genetic factors each may contribute . Knowledge of the genetic variants involved in hearing loss and understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanism of their action will aid the development of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"otolaryngology/ear",
"pathologies",
"otolaryngology/audiology",
"biochemistry/membrane",
"proteins",
"and",
"energy",
"transduction"
] | 2008 | The Novel Mouse Mutation Oblivion Inactivates the PMCA2 Pump and Causes Progressive Hearing Loss |
Viruses utilize host factors for their efficient proliferation . By evaluating the inhibitory effects of compounds in our library , we identified inhibitors of cyclophilin A ( CypA ) , a known immunosuppressor with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity , can significantly attenuate EV71 proliferation . We demons... | Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) is the major causative agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease ( HFMD ) in Asia-Pacific region and caused over one million infection cases and nine hundred deaths in the year of 2010 in China mainland . EV71 is known to infect the young children for the sake of their undeveloped immune system . Unl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"control",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"antivirals"
] | 2014 | Cyclophilin A Associates with Enterovirus-71 Virus Capsid and Plays an Essential Role in Viral Infection as an Uncoating Regulator |
Nontyphoidal Salmonellae ( NTS ) cause a large burden of invasive and gastrointestinal disease among young children in sub-Saharan Africa . No vaccine is currently available . Previous reports indicate the importance of the O-antigen of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide for virulence and resistance to antibody-mediated kil... | Nontyphoidal Salmonellae ( NTS ) are an emerging major cause of invasive bacterial disease in African children aged less than 5 years and immunocompromised adults , with an estimated case fatality rate of 20–25% . NTS also cause diarrhoea , a killer of about 1 . 5 million young children annually , mainly in low- and mi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Relationship between Antibody Susceptibility and Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Characteristics of Invasive and Gastrointestinal Nontyphoidal Salmonellae Isolates from Kenya |
Human populations show rich cultural diversity . Underpinning this diversity of tools , rituals , and cultural norms are complex interactions between cultural evolutionary and demographic processes . Most models of cultural change assume that individuals use the same learning modes and methods throughout their lives . ... | Human populations show great cultural variety and complexity , which cultural evolutionary theory seeks to explain by applying ideas about evolution to the ways in which cultural traits change over time . We combined cultural evolutionary theory with information about how people learn over their lifetimes—changing thei... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"children",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"age",
"groups",
"cultural",
"evolution",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"population",
"biology",
"zo... | 2019 | The life history of learning: Demographic structure changes cultural outcomes |
Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) is a genetically complex disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations . A polymorphism in the STAT4 gene has recently been established as a risk factor for SLE , but the relationship with specific SLE subphenotypes has not been studied . We studied 137 SNPs in the STAT4 region... | Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disabling autoimmune disease , most commonly striking women in their thirties or forties . It can cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations , including kidney disease , arthritis , and skin disorders . Prognosis varies greatly depending on these clinical features , with k... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"rheumatology/systemic",
"lupus",
"erythematosos",
"rheumatology/autoimmunity,",
"autoimmune,",
"and",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"... | 2008 | Specificity of the STAT4 Genetic Association for Severe Disease Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
During transcription , most eukaryotic genes generate multiple alternative cleavage and polyadenylation ( APA ) sites , leading to the production of transcript isoforms with variable lengths in the 3’ untranslated region ( 3’UTR ) . In contrast to somatic cells , male germ cells , especially pachytene spermatocytes and... | 3’UTR length control has been identified as a critical mechanism through which the cell establishes and maintains its functional identity . Developing male germ cells , especially spermatocytes and spermatids , display a transcriptome enriched in short 3’UTR transcripts , which has been demonstrated to be essential for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"spermatocytes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"messenger",
"rna",
"cell",
"processes",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"germ",
"cells",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sperm",
"spermatid... | 2016 | UPF2-Dependent Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway Is Essential for Spermatogenesis by Selectively Eliminating Longer 3'UTR Transcripts |
The evolution of metazoans from their choanoflagellate-like unicellular ancestor coincided with the acquisition of novel biological functions to support a multicellular lifestyle , and eventually , the unique cellular and physiological demands of differentiated cell types such as those forming the nervous , muscle and ... | The evolution of multicellular animals ( metazoans ) from their single-celled ancestor required new molecular tools to create and coordinate the various biological functions involved in a communal , or multicellular , lifestyle . This would eventually include the unique cellular and physiological demands of specialized... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Identification of 526 Conserved Metazoan Genetic Innovations Exposes a New Role for Cofactor E-like in Neuronal Microtubule Homeostasis |
One of the goals of cancer research is to identify a set of genes that cause or control disease progression . However , although multiple such gene sets were published , these are usually in very poor agreement with each other , and very few of the genes proved to be functional therapeutic targets . Furthermore , recen... | Multiple gene sets have been published as predictive of cancer progression and metastasis in several cancer types . Although many of these sets proved to be highly predictive of survival , even gene sets for the same cancer ( but from different data-sets or different analyses ) exhibit very little overlap and to date d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"blastomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"carcinomas",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"oncology",
"neurological",
"tumors",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome... | 2018 | Association between expression of random gene sets and survival is evident in multiple cancer types and may be explained by sub-classification |
Symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the human gut have evolved under intense pressure to utilize complex carbohydrates , primarily plant cell wall glycans in our diets . These polysaccharides are not digested by human enzymes , but are processed to absorbable short chain fatty acids by gut bacteria . The Bacteroidetes , one ... | Bacteria inhabiting the human gut are critical for digestion of the plant-derived glycans that compose dietary fiber . Enzymes produced by the human body cannot degrade these abundant dietary components , and without bacterial assistance they would go unused . We investigated the molecular strategies employed by two sp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Recognition and Degradation of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides by Two Human Gut Symbionts |
Antibodies that mediate killing of HIV-infected cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ( ADCC ) have been implicated in protection from HIV infection and disease progression . Despite these observations , these types of HIV antibodies are understudied compared to neutralizing antibodies . Here we descri... | Anti-HIV antibodies can mediate activity by neutralizing cell-free virus , or binding to infected cells and driving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ( ADCC ) . While numerous discovery efforts have identified and characterized neutralizing antibodies , much less is known about antibodies that mediate ADCC . Her... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
... | 2019 | Identification of HIV gp41-specific antibodies that mediate killing of infected cells |
Immune responses mounted by the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae are largely regulated by the Toll and Imd ( immune deficiency ) pathways via the NF-kappaB transcription factors Rel1 and Rel2 , which are controlled by the negative regulators Cactus and Caspar , respectively . Rel1- and Rel2-dependent transcription in A... | The relationship between malaria parasites and the mosquitoes that transmit them to humans comprises complex molecular interactions including mosquito immune responses . Anopheles can mount potent anti-Plasmodium immune responses; we show here that the gene caspar , which encodes a negative regulator of the immune sign... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozo... | 2009 | Caspar Controls Resistance to Plasmodium falciparum in Diverse Anopheline Species |
Prion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders in man and animals associated with the accumulation of the pathogenic isoform PrPSc of the host-encoded prion protein ( PrPc ) . A profound conformational change of PrPc underlies formation of PrPSc and prion propagation involves conversion of PrPc substra... | Prion diseases are deadly infectious diseases of the brain characterized by accumulation of a pathologic protein ( PrPSc ) which is derived from the normal prion protein ( PrPc ) . Prions replicate by direct contact in a template-directed refolding process which involves conversion of PrPC into PrPSc . Identifying the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"protein",
"metabolism",
"protein",
"interactions",
"veterinary",
"prion",
"diseases",
"protein",
"folding",
"protein",
"structure",
"glycoproteins",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"proteins",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",... | 2013 | Critical Significance of the Region between Helix 1 and 2 for Efficient Dominant-Negative Inhibition by Conversion-Incompetent Prion Protein |
To characterize the histological appearance and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators , growth factors , matrix metalloproteinases and biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) in healthy control and trachomatous trichiasis ( TT ) conjunctival tissue . Conjunctival biopsies were taken from 20 individua... | Progressive scarring of the conjunctiva in individuals with trachoma causes the eyelids to contract , drawing the eyelashes inwards ( trichiasis ) so that they scratch the cornea , causing pain and eventually blindness . Disease is initiated in childhood by repeated conjunctival infection with Chlamydia trachomatis ( C... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"fibrosis",
"biomarkers",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"eye",
"dis... | 2016 | Increased Epithelial Expression of CTGF and S100A7 with Elevated Subepithelial Expression of IL-1β in Trachomatous Trichiasis |
Understanding the evolution of biological systems requires untangling the molecular mechanisms that connect genetic and environmental variations to their physiological consequences . Metal limitation across many environments , ranging from pathogens in the human body to phytoplankton in the oceans , imposes strong sele... | Effects of mutations can change under different genetic backgrounds or environmental factors , also known as epistasis and genotype-by-environment interactions ( G×E ) , respectively . Though epistasis and G×E are traditionally treated as distinct phenomena , our study of a beneficial mutation highlights their commonal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/environmental",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiol... | 2009 | Fast Growth Increases the Selective Advantage of a Mutation Arising Recurrently during Evolution under Metal Limitation |
Calcium imaging has been used as a promising technique to monitor the dynamic activity of neuronal populations . However , the calcium trace is temporally smeared which restricts the extraction of quantities of interest such as spike trains of individual neurons . To address this issue , spike reconstruction algorithms... | Calcium imaging of single neurons enables the indirect observation of neuronal dynamics , for example action potential firing . In contrast to the precise timing of spike trains , the calcium trace is temporally rather smeared and measured as a fluorescence trace . Consequently , several methods have been proposed to r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"data",
"acquisition",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"ion",
"channels",
"neuroimaging",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"computer",
"and",... | 2016 | Inferring Neuronal Dynamics from Calcium Imaging Data Using Biophysical Models and Bayesian Inference |
Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ) 16 E7 protein promotes the transformation of HPV infected epithelium to malignancy . Here , we use a murine model in which the E7 protein of HPV16 is expressed as a transgene in epithelium to show that mast cells are recruited to the basal layer of E7-expressing epithelium , and that this r... | Worldwide , around 50% of sexually active women are believed to become infected by Human papillomavirus type 16 , the major cause of cervical cancer , and 2% will remain infected and therefore at lifetime risk of developing cancer . Why some women remain infected is unknown . Here we used a mouse engineered to express ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"reproductive",
"immunology",
"immune",
"evasion",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"women's",
"health",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"virology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"m... | 2014 | HPV16-E7 Expression in Squamous Epithelium Creates a Local Immune Suppressive Environment via CCL2- and CCL5- Mediated Recruitment of Mast Cells |
Mucorales are a group of basal fungi that includes the casual agents of the human emerging disease mucormycosis . Recent studies revealed that these pathogens activate an RNAi-based pathway to rapidly generate drug-resistant epimutant strains when exposed to stressful compounds such as the antifungal drug FK506 . To el... | Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that is attracting the attention of both clinical and research communities because of the lack of effective antifungal treatments and its often fatal prognosis . Our previous studies revealed an RNAi-mediated epimutation mechanism that operates in the casual human fungal pathogens ( M... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"rna",
"interference",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"rna",
"extraction",
"enzymology",
"mutation",
"fungi",
"rna",
"helicases",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"a... | 2017 | A non-canonical RNA degradation pathway suppresses RNAi-dependent epimutations in the human fungal pathogen Mucor circinelloides |
The use of autozygosity as a mapping tool in the search for autosomal recessive disease genes is well established . We hypothesized that autozygosity not only unmasks the recessiveness of disease causing variants , but can also reveal natural knockouts of genes with less obvious phenotypic consequences . To test this h... | Identification of disease-causing gene variants by taking advantage of autozygosity mapping in consanguineous pedigrees is well established . However , autozygous intervals can also result in making homozygous those loss of function variants in genes that may not result in a discernible phenotype even under a complete ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Autozygome Sequencing Expands the Horizon of Human Knockout Research and Provides Novel Insights into Human Phenotypic Variation |
Both podoconiosis and soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections occur among barefoot people in areas of extreme poverty; however , their co-morbidity has not previously been investigated . We explored the overlap of STH infection and podoconiosis in Southern Ethiopia and quantified their separate and combined effect... | Podoconiosis and soil-transmitted helminth infections are neglected tropical diseases occurring among barefoot people in areas of extreme poverty , and both promote poverty through effects on education , economic productivity and disability . In Ethiopia , little research on podoconiosis has been conducted and though s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"soil-transmitted",
"helminths",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Podoconiosis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs): Double Burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Wolaita Zone, Rural Southern Ethiopia |
Dengue is an important vector-borne pathogen found across much of the world . Many factors complicate our understanding of the relationship between infection with one of the four dengue virus serotypes , and the observed incidence of disease . One of the factors is a large proportion of infections appear to result in n... | Dengue disease severity is known to vary widely from the very severe to asymptomatic . There is a wide range of estimates of how many infections result in each of these outcomes . It is known that after a first infection the outcome of a second infection with a different serotype varies over time , but this has not bee... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vector-borne",
"disease... | 2017 | Immune status alters the probability of apparent illness due to dengue virus infection: Evidence from a pooled analysis across multiple cohort and cluster studies |
During meiosis , homologous chromosomes pair at close proximity to form the synaptonemal complex ( SC ) . This association is mediated by transverse filament proteins that hold the axes of homologous chromosomes together along their entire length . Transverse filament proteins are highly aggregative and can form an abe... | Meiosis is central to the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms . The first round of division ( meiosis I ) is unique to meiosis in that homologous chromosomes are segregated to opposite poles . The tight association between homologous chromosomes is essential for their faithful segregation . To establish such a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"microbiology",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"division",
"dna",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"mode... | 2013 | The Ecm11-Gmc2 Complex Promotes Synaptonemal Complex Formation through Assembly of Transverse Filaments in Budding Yeast |
This genome-scale study analysed the various parameters influencing protein levels in cells . To achieve this goal , the model bacterium Lactococcus lactis was grown at steady state in continuous cultures at different growth rates , and proteomic and transcriptomic data were thoroughly compared . Ratios of mRNA to prot... | This work is in the field of systems biology . Via an in-depth comparison of proteomic and transcriptomic data in various culture conditions , our objective was to better understand the regulation of protein levels . We have demonstrated that bacteria exert a tight control on intracellular protein levels , through a mu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2009 | Transcriptome and Proteome Exploration to Model Translation Efficiency and Protein Stability in Lactococcus lactis |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a chronic and fatal disease in humans and dogs caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites , Leishmania donovani and L . infantum ( L . chagasi ) . Relapse of disease is frequent in immunocompromised patients , in which the number of VL cases has been increasing recently . The prese... | The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) with a variety of outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to fatal infection . In the last decade , an increasing number of VL cases in immunocompromised conditions have been reported . Loss of the control of parasite persiste... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"leishmaniasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"immunoregulation",
"immunomodulation",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2012 | Involvement of CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Persistence of Leishmania donovani in the Liver of Alymphoplastic aly/aly Mice |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) is an important cause of chronic liver disease . Several highly diverse HCV genotypes exist with potential key functional differences . The HCV NS5A protein was associated with response to interferon ( IFN ) -α based therapy , and is a primary target of currently developed directly-acting anti... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) is a major public health burden and leads to chronic liver disease , including liver cirrhosis and liver cancer . Understanding the biological functions of the virus is crucial to the development of a vaccine and to improve current therapy through development of directly-acting antiviral compo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"hepatitis",
"c",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"hepatitis",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"replication",
"viral",
"packaging",
"viral",
"replication",
"complex",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Analysis of Functional Differences between Hepatitis C Virus NS5A of Genotypes 1–7 in Infectious Cell Culture Systems |
During clathrin-mediated endocytosis in yeast cells , short actin filaments ( < 200nm ) and crosslinking protein fimbrin assemble to drive the internalization of the plasma membrane . However , the organization of the actin meshwork during endocytosis remains largely unknown . In addition , only a small fraction of the... | In many cellular processes that involve the deformation of membranes or the movement of vesicles and organelles , the energy from biochemical reactions is converted into forces . The biological filaments called actin are one of the major force producing machineries of the cell . It is commonly believed that the elongat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"stiffness",
"mechanical",
"properties",
"cell",
"motility",
"chemical",
"bonding",
"actin",
"filaments",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"cell",
"processes",
"molecular",
"strains",
"mechanical",
"energy",
"materials",
"science",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"contractile",
"protei... | 2018 | Structural organization and energy storage in crosslinked actin assemblies |
HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4+ T cells . Although broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bnAbs ) are the type of HIV-1 antibodies that are most likely protective , they are not induced with current vaccine candidates . In con... | Antibodies specifically recognize antigenic sites on pathogens and can mediate multiple antiviral functions through engagement of effector cells via their Fc region . Current HIV-1 vaccine candidates induce polyclonal antibody responses with multiple antiviral functions , but do not induce broadly neutralizing antibodi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques |
Cancer treatments including ionizing radiation ( IR ) can induce cancer stem cell-like properties in non-stem cancer cells , an outcome that can interfere with therapeutic success . Yet , we understand little about what consequences of IR induces stem cell like properties and why some cancer cells show this response bu... | Ionizing Radiation ( IR ) , alone or in combination with other therapies , is used to treat an estimated half of all cancer patients . Yet , we understand little about why some tumors cells respond to treatment while others grow back ( regenerate ) . We identified specific pools of cells within a Drosophila organ that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"invertebrates",
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"pleurae",
"animal",
"models",
"oncology",
"developmental",
... | 2018 | Ionizing radiation induces stem cell-like properties in a caspase-dependent manner in Drosophila |
Plasmodium parasites express a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases ( ICP ) throughout their life cycle . To analyze the role of ICP in different life cycle stages , we generated a stage-specific knockout of the Plasmodium berghei ICP ( PbICP ) . Excision of the pbicb gene occurred in infective sporozoites and result... | Coordinated protease activity is essential to parasite survival . Throughout its life cycle , the Plasmodium parasite expresses a potent cysteine protease inhibitor that has the potential to inhibit parasite as well as host cell cysteine proteases . We have generated a stage-specific knockout of this inhibitor and were... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"malaria",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | A Cysteine Protease Inhibitor of Plasmodium berghei Is Essential for Exo-erythrocytic Development |
High-throughput RNA-seq technology has provided an unprecedented opportunity to reveal the very complex structures of transcriptomes . However , it is an important and highly challenging task to assemble vast amounts of short RNA-seq reads into transcriptomes with alternative splicing isoforms . In this study , we pres... | The availability of RNA-seq technology drives the development of algorithms for transcriptome assembly from very short RNA sequences . However , the problem of how to ( de novo ) assemble transcriptome using RNA-seq datasets has not been modeled well; e . g . sequence coverage information has even not been accurately a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"vertebrates",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"alternative",
"splicing",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"animal",
"management",
"animal",
"performance",
"... | 2016 | BinPacker: Packing-Based De Novo Transcriptome Assembly from RNA-seq Data |
Using a genome-wide screening approach , we have established the genetic requirements for proper telomere structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We uncovered 112 genes , many of which have not previously been implicated in telomere function , that are required to form a fold-back structure at chromosome ends . Among o... | Impaired telomere elongation eventually results in telomere dysfunction and can lead to diseases such as dyskeratosis congenita , which is associated with bone-marrow failure and pulmonary fibrosis . Cancer cells require continuous telomere maintenance to ensure continued cellular proliferation . Therefore the regulati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"microbiology",
"telomeres",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetic",
"screens",
"genetics",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"saccharom... | 2012 | Rif2 Promotes a Telomere Fold-Back Structure through Rpd3L Recruitment in Budding Yeast |
Nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella are a leading cause of death among HIV-infected Africans . Antibody-induced complement-mediated killing protects healthy Africans against Salmonella , but increased levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) antibodies in some HIV-infected African adults block this killing . The object... | Bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal Salmonellae are a major health burden in Africa . While antibody-induced complement-mediated killing protects healthy Africans against Salmonella , increased levels of anti-LPS antibodies in some HIV-infected Africans block this killing . Little is known about the mechanism of the inte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"flow",
"cytometry",
"complement",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"enterobacteriace... | 2016 | Bactericidal Immunity to Salmonella in Africans and Mechanisms Causing Its Failure in HIV Infection |
The infectious pathogen responsible for prion diseases is the misfolded , aggregated form of the prion protein , PrPSc . In contrast to recent progress in studies of laboratory rodent-adapted prions , current understanding of the molecular basis of human prion diseases and , especially , their vast phenotypic diversity... | Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( sCJD ) represents ~90% of all human prion diseases worldwide . This neurodegenerative disease , which is transmissible and invariably fatal , is characterized by variable progression rates and remarkable diversity of clinical and pathological traits . The infectious sCJD prions prop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Structural Determinants of Phenotypic Diversity and Replication Rate of Human Prions |
Gibbon species have accumulated an unusually high number of chromosomal changes since diverging from the common hominoid ancestor 15–18 million years ago . The cause of this increased rate of chromosomal rearrangements is not known , nor is it known if genome architecture has a role . To address this question , we anal... | Mammalian genomes are remarkably stable ( with few exceptions ) . In humans , wrong recombination events occur quite rarely , manifesting themselves in genomic disorders or cancer . On exceptional occasions , the rate of genome evolution has been accelerated by genome-wide reshuffling events giving rise to some highly ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Evolutionary Breakpoints in the Gibbon Suggest Association between Cytosine Methylation and Karyotype Evolution |
The filoviruses , which include the marburg- and ebolaviruses , have caused multiple outbreaks among humans this decade . Antibodies against the filovirus surface glycoprotein ( GP ) have been shown to provide life-saving therapy in nonhuman primates , but such antibodies are generally virus-specific . Many monoclonal ... | The filoviruses have caused multiple outbreaks among humans this decade , including a 90% lethal outbreak of Marburg virus in Angola and a significant , sustained outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa . The viral surface glycoprotein ( GP ) , which enables filoviruses to infect host cells , is the primary target of th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Protective mAbs and Cross-Reactive mAbs Raised by Immunization with Engineered Marburg Virus GPs |
Many intracellular pathogens rely on host cell membrane compartments for their survival . The strategies they have developed to subvert intracellular trafficking are often unknown , and SNARE proteins , which are essential for membrane fusion , are possible targets . The obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia replic... | Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that have co-evolved with eukaryotic cells and adapted to a wide range of hosts , causing several diseases in humans and animals . For example , one species pathogenic to humans , Chlamydia trachomatis , is the leading cause of preventable blindness and of bacterial sexual... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2008 | SNARE Protein Mimicry by an Intracellular Bacterium |
Strongyloides stercoralis , the chief causative agent of human strongyloidiasis , is a nematode globally distributed but mainly endemic in tropical and subtropical regions . Chronic infection is often clinically asymptomatic but it can result in severe hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated strongyloidiasis in immunoc... | Human strongyloidiasis , a soil-transmitted infection mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis , is one of the most neglected among the so-called neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) . The difficult diagnosis lead to an underreporting of infection rates . Strongyloidiasis can easily be misdiagnosed because many infec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"urine",
"polymerases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniq... | 2016 | Strong-LAMP: A LAMP Assay for Strongyloides spp. Detection in Stool and Urine Samples. Towards the Diagnosis of Human Strongyloidiasis Starting from a Rodent Model |
In vitro disease modeling based on induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs ) provides a powerful system to study cellular pathophysiology , especially in combination with targeted genome editing and protocols to differentiate iPSCs into affected cell types . In this study , we established zinc-finger nuclease-mediated g... | Due to the limited availability and lifespan of some primary cells , in vitro disease modeling with induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs ) offers a valuable complementation to in vivo studies . The goal of our study was to establish an in vitro disease model for severe combined immunodeficiency ( SCID ) , a group of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Rescue of DNA-PK Signaling and T-Cell Differentiation by Targeted Genome Editing in a prkdc Deficient iPSC Disease Model |
The differentiation of post-meiotic spermatids in animals is characterized by a unique reorganization of their nuclear architecture and chromatin composition . In many species , the formation of sperm nuclei involves the massive replacement of nucleosomes with protamines , followed by a phase of extreme nuclear compact... | Chromosome organization relies on a basic functional unit called the nucleosome , in which DNA is wrapped around a core of histone proteins . However , during male gamete formation , the majority of histones are replaced by sperm-specific proteins that are adapted to sexual reproduction but incompatible with the format... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"chromatin",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Drosophila Yemanuclein and HIRA Cooperate for De Novo Assembly of H3.3-Containing Nucleosomes in the Male Pronucleus |
The response of a neuron to a time-dependent stimulus , as measured in a Peri-Stimulus-Time-Histogram ( PSTH ) , exhibits an intricate temporal structure that reflects potential temporal coding principles . Here we analyze the encoding and decoding of PSTHs for spiking neurons with arbitrary refractoriness and adaptati... | How can information be encoded and decoded in populations of adapting neurons ? A quantitative answer to this question requires a mathematical expression relating neuronal activity to the external stimulus , and , conversely , stimulus to neuronal activity . Although widely used equations and models exist for the speci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"coding",
"mechanisms"
] | 2012 | Coding and Decoding with Adapting Neurons: A Population Approach to the Peri-Stimulus Time Histogram |
A major force contributing to the emergence of novelty in nature is the presence of cooperative interactions , where two or more components of a system act in synergy , sometimes leading to higher-order , emergent phenomena . Within molecular evolution , the so called hypercycle defines the simplest model of an autocat... | In order to achieve greater levels of complexity , complex systems often display cooperative interactions that enable the formation and stabilisation of mutualisms . Theoretical models have shown that closed chains of cooperative species or hypercycles might have been crucial in the evolution towards complexity in earl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"soil",
"ecology",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"parasitology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"systems",
"science",... | 2017 | Spatial dynamics of synthetic microbial mutualists and their parasites |
Plague was introduced to Madagascar in 1898 and continues to be a significant human health problem . It exists mainly in the central highlands , but in the 1990s was reintroduced to the port city of Mahajanga , where it caused extensive human outbreaks . Despite its prevalence , the phylogeography and molecular epidemi... | Plague , caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis , has been a problem in Madagascar since it was introduced in 1898 . It mainly affects the central highlands , but also has caused several large outbreaks in the port city of Mahajanga , after it was reintroduced there in the 1990s . Despite its prevalence , the genetic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"population",
"biology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"genetic",
"epid... | 2011 | Phylogeography and Molecular Epidemiology of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar |
For cells the passage from life to death can involve a regulated , programmed transition . In contrast to cell death , the mechanisms of systemic collapse underlying organismal death remain poorly understood . Here we present evidence of a cascade of cell death involving the calpain-cathepsin necrosis pathway that can ... | In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , intestinal lysosome-related organelles ( or “gut granules” ) contain a bright blue fluorescent substance of unknown identity . This has similar spectral properties to lipofuscin , a product of oxidative damage known to accumulate with age in postmitotic mammalian cells . Blue fl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Anthranilate Fluorescence Marks a Calcium-Propagated Necrotic Wave That Promotes Organismal Death in C. elegans |
Cytoplasmic actins are abundant , ubiquitous proteins in nucleated cells . However , actin expression is regulated in a tissue- and development-specific manner . We identified a novel cytoplasmic-γ-actin ( Actg1 ) transcript that includes a previously unidentified exon ( 3a ) . Inclusion of this exon introduces an in-f... | Actin is a well-studied protein that plays an essential role in nearly all cell types . Cytoplasmic actins are considered to be ubiquitously expressed in most tissues of the body with the exception of developing skeletal muscle , where muscle specific actins are up-regulated and γ-actin is repressed . Interest in the r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | A Novel Actin mRNA Splice Variant Regulates ACTG1 Expression |
CD4+ T cells support host defence against herpesviruses and other viral pathogens . We identified that CD4+ T cells from systemic and mucosal tissues of hosts infected with the β-herpesviridae human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) or murine cytomegalovirus ( MCMV ) express the regulatory cytokine interleukin ( IL ) -10 . IL-1... | Viruses including the pathogenic β-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) can replicate within and disseminate from mucosal tissues . Understanding how to improve antiviral immune responses to restrict virus replication in the mucosa could help counter virus transmission . Studies in the murine cytomegalovirus ( MC... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"molecular",
"biol... | 2016 | Cytomegalovirus-Specific IL-10-Producing CD4+ T Cells Are Governed by Type-I IFN-Induced IL-27 and Promote Virus Persistence |
Despite treatment with agents that enhance β-cell function and insulin action , reduction in β-cell mass is relentless in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus . Insulin resistance is characterized by impaired signaling through the insulin/insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate/PI-3K/Akt pa... | Diabetes is often characterized by a failure of insulin production by pancreatic β-cells to properly regulate glucose homeostasis . Insulin resistance can lead to β-cell failure , and our studies have focused on elucidating the mechanisms involved in this postnatal failure . In this study , we evaluated a new , negativ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology"
] | 2008 | Genetic Deficiency of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Corrects Diabetes in Mouse Models of Insulin Resistance |
We report in this work that Leptospira strains , virulent L . interrogans serovar Copenhageni , attenuated L . interrogans serovar Copenhageni and saprophytic L . biflexa serovar Patoc are capable of binding fibrinogen ( Fg ) . The interaction of leptospires with Fg inhibits thrombin- induced fibrin clot formation that... | Leptospirosis is probably the most widespread zoonosis in the world . Caused by spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira , it has greater incidence in tropical and subtropical regions . The disease has become prevalent in cities with sanitation problems and a large population of urban rodent reservoirs , which contaminate ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2013 | Adhesins of Leptospira interrogans Mediate the Interaction to Fibrinogen and Inhibit Fibrin Clot Formation In Vitro |
Endemicity mapping is required to determining whether a district requires mass drug administration ( MDA ) . Current guidelines for mapping LF require that two sites be selected per district and within each site a convenience sample of 100 adults be tested for antigenemia or microfilaremia . One or more confirmed posit... | Mapping is used by lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) elimination programs to determine if mass drug administration ( MDA ) is required . The current mapping approach , designed to be simple and practical , has worked well in high-prevalence settings but concerns about its reliability in low-prevalence settings have been rais... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cancer",
"detection",
"and",
"diagnosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"lymphatic",
"mapping",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"education",
"economic",
"analysis",
"sociology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"para... | 2017 | The rationale and cost-effectiveness of a confirmatory mapping tool for lymphatic filariasis: Examples from Ethiopia and Tanzania |
Many viral pathogens are persistently transmitted by insect vectors and cause agricultural or health problems . Generally , an insect vector can use autophagy as an intrinsic antiviral defense mechanism against viral infection . Whether viruses can evolve to exploit autophagy to promote their transmission by insect vec... | Of the approximately 700 plant viruses , more than 75% are transmitted by insect vectors . However , the detailed mechanisms underlying the cellular responses induced by viral infection in insect vectors are poorly understood . We found that a plant reovirus could activate the autophagic process during persistent infec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"cell",
"processes",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"light",
"microscopy",
"viral",
"structure",
"rice",
"microscopy",
"e... | 2017 | Autophagy pathway induced by a plant virus facilitates viral spread and transmission by its insect vector |
Recurrently coupled networks of inhibitory neurons robustly generate oscillations in the gamma band . Nonetheless , the corresponding Wilson-Cowan type firing rate equation for such an inhibitory population does not generate such oscillations without an explicit time delay . We show that this discrepancy is due to a vo... | Population models describing the average activity of large neuronal ensembles are a powerful mathematical tool to investigate the principles underlying cooperative function of large neuronal systems . However , these models do not properly describe the phenomenon of spike synchrony in networks of neurons . In particula... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"phase",
"diagrams",
"algebra",
"network",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"information"... | 2017 | Firing rate equations require a spike synchrony mechanism to correctly describe fast oscillations in inhibitory networks |
Cerebellar Purkinje cells mediate accurate eye movement coordination . However , it remains unclear how oculomotor adaptation depends on the interplay between the characteristic Purkinje cell response patterns , namely tonic , bursting , and spike pauses . Here , a spiking cerebellar model assesses the role of Purkinje... | Cerebellar Purkinje cells regulate accurate eye movement coordination . However , it remains unclear how cerebellar-dependent oculomotor adaptation depends on the interplay between Purkinje cell characteristic response patterns: tonic , high frequency bursting , and post-complex spike pauses . We explore the role of Pu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"cerebellum",
"eyes",
"sensory",
"physiology",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"cerebral",... | 2019 | Spike burst-pause dynamics of Purkinje cells regulate sensorimotor adaptation |
Gene expression is subject to stochastic noise , but to what extent and by which means such stochastic variations are coordinated among different genes are unclear . We hypothesize that neighboring genes on the same chromosome co-fluctuate in expression because of their common chromatin dynamics , and verify it at the ... | Gene expression is subject to substantial stochastic noise or fluctuation . We hypothesize that expressions of neighboring genes on the same chromosome co-fluctuate because of their common chromatin dynamics . To test this hypothesis , we make use of the fact that each diploid cell contains a maternal and a paternal co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Relationship",
"in",
"expression",
"level",
"between",
"protein",
"complex",
"genes",
"and",
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"histone",
"genes",
"across",
"tissues"
] | [
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"epigenetics",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"autosomes",
"chromosome",
"pairs",
"histones",
"genetic",
"loci",
"animal",
"genomics",
"biochemistry",
"prote... | 2019 | Chromosome-wide co-fluctuation of stochastic gene expression in mammalian cells |
AT-rich interactive domain 1A gene ( ARID1A ) loss is a frequent event in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas . Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside the uterus , and 50% of women with endometriosis are infertile . ARID1A protein levels were significantly... | Endometriosis afflicts about 10% of women of reproductive age and is a major cause of pain and infertility . We showed attenuation of endometrial ARID1A in women with endometriosis as compared to women without endometriosis , and thus hypothesized that ARID1A plays an important role in ensuring normal fertility in the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | ARID1A Is Essential for Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy |
Notch is a conserved signaling pathway that specifies cell fates in metazoans . Receptor-ligand interactions induce changes in gene expression , which is regulated by the transcription factor CBF1/Su ( H ) /Lag-1 ( CSL ) . CSL interacts with coregulators to repress and activate transcription from Notch target genes . W... | Notch signaling is a form of cell-to-cell communication , in which extracellular receptor-ligand interactions ultimately result in changes in gene expression . The Notch pathway is highly conserved from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to humans . When mutations occur within Notch pathway components , this of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"crystal",
"structure",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"notch",
"signaling",
"mammals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"protein",
"str... | 2016 | Structure and Function of the Su(H)-Hairless Repressor Complex, the Major Antagonist of Notch Signaling in Drosophila melanogaster |
Schistosomiasis is a serious disease currently estimated to affect more that 207 million people worldwide . Due to the intensive use of praziquantel , there is increasing concern about the development of drug-resistant strains . Therefore , it is necessary to search for and investigate new potential schistosomicidal co... | Schistosomiasis , a disease caused by worms from the genus Schistosoma , is one of the most widespread neglected tropical diseases in the world . Due to the intensive use of praziquantel , some reports of drug resistance have emerged . Thus it is important to search for new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Anthelmintic Activity In Vivo of Epiisopiloturine against Juvenile and Adult Worms of Schistosoma mansoni |
The Flavivirus genus comprises several human pathogens such as dengue virus ( DENV ) , Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) , and Zika virus ( ZIKV ) . Although ZIKV usually causes mild symptoms , growing evidence is linking it to congenital birth defects and to increased risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome . ZIKV encodes a... | Zika virus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and is phylogenetically related to other human pathogens ( e . g . dengue virus ) . After the outbreak in South America , the WHO declared that the spread of ZIKV should be regarded as a public health emergency . In fact , growing evidence suggests that ZIKV infection duri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"rna",
"virus... | 2016 | Nonstructural Proteins Are Preferential Positive Selection Targets in Zika Virus and Related Flaviviruses |
The objectives of this systematic review , commissioned by WHO , were to assess the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations of human brucellosis , in view of specifying a disability weight for a DALY calculation . Thirty three databases were searched , with 2 , 385 articles published between January 1990–June... | Brucellosis is a bacterial disease transmitted to humans by consumption of infected , unpasteurised animal milk or through direct contact with infected animals , particularly aborted foetuses . The livestock production losses resulting from these abortions have a major economic impact on individuals and communities . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
Nuclear mRNA export is a crucial step in eukaryotic gene expression , which is in yeast coupled to cotranscriptional messenger ribonucleoprotein particle ( mRNP ) assembly and surveillance . Several surveillance systems that monitor nuclear mRNP biogenesis and export have been described , but the mechanism by which the... | Nuclear export of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) is a crucial step during eukaryotic gene expression . Newly synthesized precursor mRNAs are processed during synthesis , packaged into messenger ribonucleoprotein particles ( mRNPs ) , and transported through the nuclear pore complex to the cytoplasm . To avoid nuclear export of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2009 | An Endoribonuclease Functionally Linked to Perinuclear mRNP Quality Control Associates with the Nuclear Pore Complexes |
Treatment of Buruli ulcer , or Mycobacterium ulcerans disease , has shifted from surgical excision and skin grafting to antibiotic therapy usually with 8 weeks of daily rifampin ( RIF ) and streptomycin ( STR ) . Although the results have been highly favorable , administration of STR requires intramuscular injection an... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and its toxin , mycolactone . Since 2004 , BU has been treated primarily with antibiotics rather than surgery and skin grafting . The current first-line regimen is an oral drug , rifampin ( RIF ) , and an injectable drug , streptomycin ( STR ) , daily for 8 weeks ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"Materials",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Efficacy of Rifampin Plus Clofazimine in a Murine Model of Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease |
Once biological systems are modeled by regulatory networks , the next step is to include external stimuli , which model the experimental possibilities to affect the activity level of certain network’s nodes , in a mathematical framework . Then , this framework can be interpreted as a mathematical optimal control framew... | Organisms can be seen as molecular networks being able to react on external stimuli . Experiments are performed to understand the underlying regulating mechanisms within the molecular network . A common purpose for these efforts is to reveal mechanisms with which the molecular networks can be affected to achieve a desi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"platelet",
"aggregation",
"immunology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"... | 2019 | Analyzing pharmacological intervention points: A method to calculate external stimuli to switch between steady states in regulatory networks |
South Sudan is one of the most endemic countries for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , and is frequently affected by large epidemics . In resource-limited settings , clinicians require a simple clinical tool to identify VL patients who are at increased risk of dying , and who need specialised treatment with liposomal amp... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , also known as kala-azar , is a neglected tropical disease caused by a parasite ( Leishmania ) and transmitted to humans through the bite of a sandfly . South Sudan is one of the highest endemic countries for VL , frequently affected by epidemics . In South Sudan are different treatment o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"spleen",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"south",
"sudan",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"age",
"groups",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)"... | 2017 | A clinical severity scoring system for visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent patients in South Sudan |
The contribution of innate immunity to immunosurveillance of the oncogenic Human Herpes Virus 8 ( HHV8 ) has not been studied in depth . We investigated NK cell phenotype and function in 70 HHV8-infected subjects , either asymptomatic carriers or having developed Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) . Our results revealed substanti... | Natural Killer ( NK ) cells are part of the innate immune response against virus infections and tumors . Their activation is the net result of signals emanating from a panel of inhibitory and activating receptors recognizing specific ligands on target cells . Human Herpes Virus 8 ( HHV8 ) is an oncogenic virus responsi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) Sequentially Shapes the NK Cell Repertoire during the Course of Asymptomatic Infection and Kaposi Sarcoma |
In multicellular organisms , tight regulation of gene expression ensures appropriate tissue and organismal growth throughout development . Reversible phosphorylation of the RNA Polymerase II ( RNAPII ) C-terminal domain ( CTD ) is critical for the regulation of gene expression states , but how phosphorylation is active... | During development , cells rely on appropriate patterns of gene expression to regulate metabolism in order to meet cellular demands and maintain rapid tissue growth . Conversely , dysregulation of gene expression is critical in various disease states , such as cancer , and during ageing . A key mechanism that is ubiqui... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | PNUTS/PP1 Regulates RNAPII-Mediated Gene Expression and Is Necessary for Developmental Growth |
We show proof of concept for gene targets ( polA , tprL , and TP_0619 ) that can be used in loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( LAMP ) assays to rapidly differentiate infection with any of the three Treponema pallidum subspecies ( pallidum ( TPA ) , pertenue ( TPE ) , and endemicum ( TEN ) ) and which are known to... | Sustainable eradication of human yaws benefits from applicable and reliable assays to detect possible reemerging yaws cases . Our study provides proof of concept for LAMP assays that are capable of rapid diagnoses and discrimination of active Treponema pallidum infection . While current clinical diagnosis is based on t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"treponematoses",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"si... | 2018 | Gene target selection for loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid discrimination of Treponema pallidum subspecies |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 is a multi-host pathogen that infects plants , nematodes , insects , and vertebrates . Many PA14 factors are required for virulence in more than one of these hosts . Noting that plants have a fundamentally different cellular architecture from animals , we sought to identify PA14 facto... | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human bacterial pathogen that infects a wide range of plants and animals , including the model laboratory plant Arabidopsis thaliana . P . aeruginosa utilizes many of the same virulence-related factors to infect both plants and animals . However , because plants have fundament... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"plant",
"science",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Trehalose Biosynthesis Promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pathogenicity in Plants |
Dendritic cells ( DCs ) play a central role in initiating immune responses . Some persistent viruses infect DCs and can disrupt their functions in vitro . However , these viruses remain strongly immunogenic in vivo . Thus what role DC infection plays in the pathogenesis of persistent infections is unclear . Here we sho... | We detect invading viruses with dendritic cells and eliminate them with lymphocytes . A key interaction is lymphocyte activation by dendritic cells presenting viral antigens . Not all viruses can be eliminated , and some that persist deliberately colonize lymphocytes and dendritic cells , such that parasitism and host ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"microbiology",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"entry",
"virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"... | 2011 | Murid Herpesvirus-4 Exploits Dendritic Cells to Infect B Cells |
Aedes aegypti is the primary mosquito vector of dengue viruses ( DENV; serotypes 1–4 ) . Human-mosquito transmission cycles maintain DENV during epidemics but questions remain regarding how these viruses survive when human infections and vector abundance are minimal . Aedes mosquitoes can transmit DENV within the vecto... | Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the primary vectors of dengue viruses ( DENV ) and other medically important arthropod-borne viruses ( yellow fever , Zika , chikungunya ) . DENVs replicate in Ae . aegypti and humans in a transmission cycle that maintains the virus in nature . However , adverse conditions ( i . e . dry sea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viruses",
"germ",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"oocyte... | 2018 | Demonstration of efficient vertical and venereal transmission of dengue virus type-2 in a genetically diverse laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti |
Adaptation to novel environments is often associated with changes in gene regulation . Nevertheless , few studies have been able both to identify the genetic basis of changes in regulation and to demonstrate why these changes are beneficial . To this end , we have focused on understanding both how and why the lactose u... | Differences in gene regulation underlie many important biological processes and are thought to be important for the adaption of organisms to novel environments . Here we focus on the regulation of a group of well-studied genes , the lac operon , that control the utilization of lactose sugar , and we examine how their r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Adaptive Evolution of the Lactose Utilization Network in Experimentally Evolved Populations of Escherichia coli |
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is essential in eukaryotes , in which it facilitates the folding of developmental regulators and signal transduction proteins known as Hsp90 clients . In contrast , Hsp90 is not essential in bacteria , and a broad characterization of its molecular and organismal function is lacking . To en... | Hsp90 is a chaperone protein that aids the folding of many other proteins ( clients ) , which tend to be signal transduction proteins . Hsp90 is particularly important when organisms are under environmental or mutational stress ( e . g . in cancerous cells ) . Although Hsp90 is well-studied in eukaryotic species from y... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"escherichia",
"coli",
"biochemistry",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"genomics",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"proteins",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"chaperone",
"proteins",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"transmembrane",
"transport",
"prot... | 2013 | Genome-scale Co-evolutionary Inference Identifies Functions and Clients of Bacterial Hsp90 |
LET-23 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( EGFR ) signaling specifies the vulval cell fates during C . elegans larval development . LET-23 EGFR localization on the basolateral membrane of the vulval precursor cells ( VPCs ) is required to engage the LIN-3 EGF-like inductive signal . The LIN-2 Cask/LIN-7 Veli/LIN-10 Mint... | In the nematode , Caenorhabditis elegans , an evolutionarily conserved Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( EGFR ) signaling pathway is required to induce three epithelial cells to initiate a program of vulva development . EGFR on the basolateral membrane is essential to engage and transmit this signal . Here we demonstr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"transport",
"organisms",
"invertebrates",
"signal",
"transduction",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"animal",
"genetics",
"invertebrate",
"genetics",
"cell",
"biology",
"secretory",
"pathway",
"caenorhabditis",
"genetics",
"nematoda",
"b... | 2014 | An AGEF-1/Arf GTPase/AP-1 Ensemble Antagonizes LET-23 EGFR Basolateral Localization and Signaling during C. elegans Vulva Induction |
Primary ciliary dyskinesia ( PCD ) is a hereditary defect of motile cilia in humans and several domestic animal species . Typical clinical findings are chronic recurrent infections of the respiratory tract and fertility problems . We analyzed an Alaskan Malamute family , in which two out of six puppies were affected by... | Motile cilia are required for clearing mucous , infectious agents and inhaled dust from the airways . Primary ciliary dyskinesia ( PCD ) is a hereditary defect of motile cilia . Clinical findings may include recurrent airway infections , fertility problems , and sometimes hydrocephalus . We analyzed an Alaskan Malamute... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"microtubules",
"vertebrates",
"pets",
"and",
"companion",
"animals",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"respiratory",
"system",
"dyneins",
"molecular",
"motors",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"cellu... | 2019 | NME5 frameshift variant in Alaskan Malamutes with primary ciliary dyskinesia |
Tungiasis ( sand flea disease ) is a neglected tropical disease , prevalent in resource-poor communities in South America and sub-Saharan Africa . It is caused by an inflammatory response against penetrated female sand fleas ( Tunga penetrans ) embedded in the skin of the host . Although associated with debilitating ac... | Tungiasis ( sand flea disease ) , a parasitic skin disease , causes important morbidity , and eventually leads to mutilation of the feet . Hitherto , the only effective treatment is the surgical extraction of embedded sand fleas . In the endemic areas this is done using inappropriate sharp instruments and causes more h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology",
"research",
"design",
"comparative",
"effectiveness",
"research",
"symptom",
"scales",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"video",
"recording",
"imaging",
"techniques",
"ectoparasitic",
"infections",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"photography",
"n... | 2014 | Treatment of Tungiasis with Dimeticone: A Proof-of-Principle Study in Rural Kenya |
Human outbreaks of Ebola virus ( EBOV ) are a serious human health concern in Central Africa . Great apes ( gorillas/chimpanzees ) are an important source of EBOV transmission to humans due to increased hunting of wildlife including the ‘bush-meat’ trade . Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) is an highly immunogenic virus that has... | Human outbreaks of hemorrhagic disease caused by Ebola virus ( EBOV ) are a serious health concern in Central Africa . Great apes ( gorillas/chimpanzees ) are an important source of EBOV transmission to humans . Candidate EBOV vaccines do not spread from the initial vaccinee . In addition to being highly immunogenic , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever"
] | 2011 | A Replicating Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccine Encoding a Single Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein CTL Epitope Confers Protection against Ebola Virus |
This paper proposes a new method to identify communities in generally weighted complex networks and apply it to phylogenetic analysis . In this case , weights correspond to the similarity indexes among protein sequences , which can be used for network construction so that the network structure can be analyzed to recove... | Complex weighted networks have been applied to uncover organizing principles of complex biological , technological , and social systems . We propose herein a new method to identify communities in such structures and apply it to phylogenetic analysis . Recent studies using this theory in genomics and proteomics contribu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2011 | Detecting Network Communities: An Application to Phylogenetic Analysis |
Onchocerciasis , also known as river blindness , is a parasitic disease . More than 99 percent of all cases occur in Africa . Bioko Island ( Equatorial Guinea ) is the only island endemic for onchocerciasis in the world . Since 2005 , when vector Simulium yahense was eliminated , there have not been any reported cases ... | Onchocerciasis , commonly called river blindness , is a chronic parasitic disease particularly prevalent in Africa . It is transmitted through the bites of infected Simulium blackflies . Onchocerciasis is endemic in Equatorial Guinea . Huge achievements have been made in human and vector control during the last two dec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"geomorphology",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"body",
"fluids",
"landforms",
"education",
"topography",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
... | 2018 | Interruption of onchocerciasis transmission in Bioko Island: Accelerating the movement from control to elimination in Equatorial Guinea |
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