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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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APOBEC3G ( A3G ) is a host cytidine deaminase that , in the absence of Vif , restricts HIV-1 replication and reduces the amount of viral DNA that accumulates in cells . Initial studies determined that A3G induces extensive mutation of nascent HIV-1 cDNA during reverse transcription . It has been proposed that this trig... | APOBEC proteins are cell-encoded factors that inhibit the replication of numerous retroviruses , such as HIV-1 , and retrotransposons . In many cases , inhibition is clearly associated with cytidine-to-uridine editing of viral or transposon DNA . On the other hand , a number of studies with particular APOBEC protein/su... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses"
] | 2008 | APOBEC3G Inhibits Elongation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcripts |
Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of food poisoning ( FP ) in developed countries . C . perfringens isolates usually induce the gastrointestinal symptoms of this FP by producing an enterotoxin that is encoded by a chromosomal ( cpe ) gene . Those typical FP strains also produce spores that are extremely resistan... | Spores made by pathogenic Bacillus and Clostridium spp . contribute to disease transmission . Clostridium perfringens food poisoning ( FP ) isolates typically produce spores with exceptional resistance to heat and sodium nitrite . This spore resistance probably facilitates FP strain survival in improperly cooked/held f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/applied",
"microbiology",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | A Novel Small Acid Soluble Protein Variant Is Important for Spore Resistance of Most Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning Isolates |
When taking a bloodmeal from humans , tsetse flies can transmit the trypanosomes responsible for sleeping sickness , or human African trypanosomiasis . While it is commonly assumed that humans must enter the normal woodland habitat of the tsetse in order to have much chance of contacting the flies , recent studies sugg... | To explore the nature of houses as venues for the contact between humans and tsetse flies , and hence for the transmission of sleeping sickness , we studied the sex and species composition and physiological condition of samples of tsetse caught in various types of house throughout the day and at different seasons . The... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"General",
"Methods",
"Experiments",
"and",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | A Neglected Aspect of the Epidemiology of Sleeping Sickness: The Propensity of the Tsetse Fly Vector to Enter Houses |
The study of the concerted action of hormones and transcription factors is fundamental to understand cell differentiation and pattern formation during organ development . The root apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana is a useful model to address this . It has a stem cell niche near its tip conformed of a quiescent o... | In multicellular development , signaling molecules are essential for the organization of cells into complex differentiated tissues . It is widely acknowledged that tissue or cell context is instructive for the specificity of cell behavior responses , but the underlying system-level mechanisms remain unresolved . The dy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"brassica",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"hormones",
"regulator",
"genes",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"hormones",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"transcription"... | 2017 | A dynamic genetic-hormonal regulatory network model explains multiple cellular behaviors of the root apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana |
The regulatory mechanisms governing the cell cycle progression of hematopoietic stem cells ( HSCs ) are well characterized , but those responsible for the return of proliferating HSCs to a quiescent state remain largely unknown . Here , we present evidence that CD81 , a tetraspanin molecule acutely responsive to prolif... | Hematopoietic stem cells ( HSCs ) remain dormant in the bone marrow until needed to replenish the hematopoietic system , at which point they are stimulated to proliferate extensively , undergoing both regeneration ( self-renewal ) and differentiation . Self-renewal is key to maintaining an adequate HSC reserve , and re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | CD81 Is Essential for the Re-entry of Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Quiescence following Stress-Induced Proliferation Via Deactivation of the Akt Pathway |
Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA elements of microorganisms encoding beneficial genetic information . They were thought to be equally distributed to daughter cells during cell division . Here we use mathematical modeling to investigate the evolutionary stability of plasmid segregation for high-copy plasmids—plasmids t... | In the last years , it becomes more and more clear that heterogeneity in isogenic bacterial populations is rather the rule than the exception . This observation is interesting as it reveals the complex social life of bacteria , and also because of tremendous practical implications in medicine , biotechnology , and ecol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Models"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"plasmids",
"cell",
"processes",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"plasmid",
... | 2019 | Evolutionary model for the unequal segregation of high copy plasmids |
Though evidence is mounting that a major function of sleep is to maintain brain plasticity and consolidate memory , little is known about the molecular pathways by which learning and sleep processes intercept . Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( Alk ) , the gene encoding a tyrosine receptor kinase whose inadvertent activatio... | Animal and human studies suggest that sleep has a profound impact on learning and memory . However , little is known about the molecular pathways linking these phenomena . We report that mutations in the Drosophila Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( Alk ) gene , an ortholog of a human oncogene ALK , cause increased sleep . A... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Acts in the Drosophila Mushroom Body to Negatively Regulate Sleep |
Protein structure can provide new insight into the biological function of a protein and can enable the design of better experiments to learn its biological roles . Moreover , deciphering the interactions of a protein with other molecules can contribute to the understanding of the protein's function within cellular proc... | Gene expression in all living organisms is regulated by a complex set of events at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels . RNA-binding proteins play a key role in posttranscriptional events including splicing , stability , transport , and translation . Nowadays , there is increasing evidence that many oth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology/rna-protein",
"interactions"
] | 2008 | Classifying RNA-Binding Proteins Based on Electrostatic Properties |
Eukaryotic adaptation pathways operate within wide-ranging environmental conditions without stimulus saturation . Despite numerous differences in the adaptation mechanisms employed by bacteria and eukaryotes , all require energy consumption . Here , we present two minimal models showing that expenditure of energy by th... | Adaptation is a common feature in sensory systems , well familiar to us from light and dark adaptation of our visual system . Biological cells , ranging from bacteria to complex eukaryotes , including single-cell organisms and human sensory receptors , adopt different strategies to fulfill this property . However , all... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Unraveling Adaptation in Eukaryotic Pathways: Lessons from Protocells |
Oropouche Virus is the etiological agent of an arbovirus febrile disease that affects thousands of people and is widespread throughout Central and South American countries . Although isolated in 1950’s , still there is scarce information regarding the virus biology and its prevalence is likely underestimated . In order... | Oropouche Virus causes typical arboviral febrile illness and is widely distributed in tropical region of Americas , mainly Amazon region , associated with cases of encephalitis . 500 , 000 people are estimated to be infected with Oropouche worldwide and some states in Brazil detected higher number of cases among other ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"pulmonology",
"micrornas",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"animal",
"cells",
"... | 2018 | MicroRNA and cellular targets profiling reveal miR-217 and miR-576-3p as proviral factors during Oropouche infection |
African trypanosomiasis is a chronic debilitating disease affecting the health and economic well-being of many people in developing countries . The pathogenicity associated with this disease involves a persistent inflammatory response , whereby M1-type myeloid cells , including Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes , are cen... | Uncontrolled inflammation is a major contributor to pathogenicity development during many chronic parasitic infections , including African trypanosome infections . Hence , therapies should aim at re-establishing the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to reduce tissue damage . Our experiments uncovered... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"parasitology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology"
] | 2014 | MIF Contributes to Trypanosoma brucei Associated Immunopathogenicity Development |
Sexual transmission of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) 6 months after onset of symptoms has been recently documented , and Ebola virus RNA has been detected in semen of survivors up to 9 months after onset of symptoms . As countries affected by the 2013–2015 epidemic in West Africa , by far the largest to date , are declar... | Researchers have recently raised suspicion that the Ebola virus can be transmitted sexually from survivors after recovering from the life-threatening acute phase characteristic of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) . However , the nature of the impact sexual transmission from convalescent survivors may have on disease dynamic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrh... | 2016 | Potential Impact of Sexual Transmission on Ebola Virus Epidemiology: Sierra Leone as a Case Study |
Inference of interaction rules of animals moving in groups usually relies on an analysis of large scale system behaviour . Models are tuned through repeated simulation until they match the observed behaviour . More recent work has used the fine scale motions of animals to validate and fit the rules of interaction of an... | The collective movement of animals in a group is an impressive phenomenon whereby large scale spatio-temporal patterns emerge from simple interactions between individuals . Theoretically , much of our understanding of animal group motion comes from models inspired by statistical physics . In these models , animals are ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"bayes",
"theorem",
"probability",
"distribution",
"animal",
"behavior",
"mathematics",
"theoretical",
"ecology",
"stochastic",
"processes",
"zoology",
"complex",
"systems",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"probability",
"dens... | 2012 | Multi-scale Inference of Interaction Rules in Animal Groups Using Bayesian Model Selection |
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a cause of both poultry- and egg-associated enterocolitis globally and bloodstream-invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella ( iNTS ) disease in sub-Saharan Africa ( sSA ) . Distinct , multi-drug resistant genotypes associated with iNTS disease in sSA have recently been described , oft... | Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is both a prominent global cause of zoonotic gastroenteritis , in association with the industrial production of eggs and poultry , and of bloodstream-invasive infection in sub-Saharan Africa , a clinical syndrome referred to as invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella ( iNTS ) disease . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"diet",
"animals",
"animal",
"products",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"... | 2019 | Emergence of phylogenetically diverse and fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella Enteritidis as a cause of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Ghana |
Leprosy control is achieved through a fine-tuning of TH1 and TH2 immune response pattern balance . Given the increasing epidemiological overlay of HIV and M . leprae infections , immune response in co-infected patients consists in an important contemporary issue . Here we describe for the first time the innate lymphoid... | Mycobacterium leprae is a clinical relevant pathogen that can lead to leprosy upon infection . This chronic infectious disease is characterized by the appearance of skin and peripheral nerve lesions . Normally , a healthy immune system is able to control the infection and impede the generation of lesions . However , im... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | New Players in the Same Old Game: Disturbance of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV-1 and Mycobacterium leprae Co-infected Patients |
Hosts encounter an ever-changing array of pathogens , so there is continual selection for novel ways to resist infection . A powerful way to understand how hosts evolve resistance is to identify the genes that cause variation in susceptibility to infection . Using high-resolution genetic mapping we have identified a na... | Hosts and their pathogens are engaged in a never-ending arms race , and hosts must continually evolve new defences to protect themselves from infection . In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster we show that virus resistance can evolve through a single mutation . In flies that are highly resistant to a naturally occurr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | A Polymorphism in the Processing Body Component Ge-1 Controls Resistance to a Naturally Occurring Rhabdovirus in Drosophila |
Resistance to allopurinol in zoonotic canine leishmaniasis has been recently shown to be associated with disease relapse in naturally-infected dogs . However , information regarding the formation of resistance and its dynamics is lacking . This study describes the successful in-vitro induction of allopurinol resistance... | Visceral leishmaniasis caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum is a neglected tropical disease transmitted from animal hosts to humans by sand fly bites . This potentially fatal disease affects thousands of people annually and threatens millions who live in disease risk areas . Domestic dogs are considered as the ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"cloning",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"genome",
"analysis"... | 2017 | Induction of allopurinol resistance in Leishmania infantum isolated from dogs |
A published study used a stochastic branching process to derive equations for the mean and variance of the probability of , and time to , extinction in population of tsetse flies ( Glossina spp ) as a function of adult and pupal mortality , and the probabilities that a female is inseminated by a fertile male . The orig... | We derive equations for the mean and variance of the probability of , and time to , extinction in population of tsetse flies ( Glossina spp ) , the vectors of trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa . In so doing we provide the complete proofs for all results , which were not provided in a previously published study . We... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Improved estimates for extinction probabilities and times to extinction for populations of tsetse (Glossina spp) |
Transition metal ions ( Zn ( II ) , Cu ( II ) / ( I ) , Fe ( III ) / ( II ) , Mn ( II ) ) are essential for life and participate in a wide range of biological functions . Cellular Zn ( II ) levels must be high enough to ensure that it can perform its essential roles . Yet , since Zn ( II ) binds to ligands with high av... | Zinc ( Zn ( II ) ) is often considered to be a “first among equals” in metal ion homeostasis . Zn ( II ) is critically important to the proper function of many cellular processes , yet is toxic at high levels . The molecular basis for Zn ( II ) intoxication is poorly understood . Using a forward genetic approach in B .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"heme",
"b",
"vitamins",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"toxicology",
"toxicity",
"prokaryotic",
"mode... | 2016 | Intracellular Zn(II) Intoxication Leads to Dysregulation of the PerR Regulon Resulting in Heme Toxicity in Bacillus subtilis |
As obligate blood-feeding arthropods , ticks transmit pathogens to humans and domestic animals more often than other arthropod vectors . Livestock farming plays a vital role in the rural economy of Pakistan , and tick infestation causes serious problems with it . However , research on tick species diversity and tick-bo... | Ticks are known for their negative impact on animal and human health through infestation and are capable of transmitting a wide range of pathogens including protozoan , viruses , and bacteria such as the spirochetes and rickettsiae . Ticks are widely distributed in different ecological , and geographical regions of Pak... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"ixodes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"buffaloes",
"animals",
"mammals",
"p... | 2017 | A study of ticks and tick-borne livestock pathogens in Pakistan |
In plants , each male meiotic product undergoes mitosis , and then one of the resulting cells divides again , yielding a three-celled pollen grain comprised of a vegetative cell and two sperm cells . Several genes have been found to act in this process , and DUO1 ( DUO POLLEN 1 ) , a transcription factor , plays a key ... | For all eukaryotes , gamete formation is an essential aspect of sexual reproduction . Unlike in animals , where meiotic products directly become gametes , the germline in plants is established by two consecutive mitotic divisions after meiosis is completed . The first mitosis is asymmetric , forming a larger vegetative... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"pollen",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"plant",
"science",
"cell",
"biology",
"fertilization",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"flowering",
"plants",
"plants",
"organisms"
] | 2014 | An ARID Domain-Containing Protein within Nuclear Bodies Is Required for Sperm Cell Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
The life cycle of the mammalian pathogen Trypanosoma brucei involves commuting between two markedly different environments: the homeothermic mammalian host and the poikilothermic invertebrate vector . The ability to resist temperature and other stresses is essential for trypanosome survival . Trypanosome gene expressio... | Like other organisms , the mammalian pathogen Trypanosoma brucei is able to sense environmental changes and to change its gene expression accordingly . In contrast with other organisms , however , trypanosomes and related kinetoplastids effect these changes almost exclusively by controlling the translation of mRNAs int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"rna-binding",
"proteins",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"rna",
"interference",
"messenger",
"rna",
"cell",
"processes",
"polyribosomes",
"immunoprecipitation",
"epigenetics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysi... | 2016 | Regulating a Post-Transcriptional Regulator: Protein Phosphorylation, Degradation and Translational Blockage in Control of the Trypanosome Stress-Response RNA-Binding Protein ZC3H11 |
The fungus Paracoccidioides lutzii was recently included as a new causative species of paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) and most cases have been reported from Brazil . According to available epidemiological information , P . lutzii is concentrated in the Middle-West region in Brazil , mainly in the state of Mato Grosso .... | Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) is an endemic mycosis in Latin America with high incidence in Brazil . The fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ( including genetic groups S1 , PS2 , PS3 and PS4 ) and Paracoccidioides lutzii are the etiological agents , but little is known about the clinical manifestations of PCM caused b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"pulmonology",
"fungi",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"l... | 2019 | Clinical and epidemiological features of paracoccidioidomycosis due to Paracoccidioides lutzii |
Cellular receptors can act as molecular switches , regulating the sensitivity of microbial proteins to conformational changes that promote cellular entry . The activities of these receptor-based switches are only partially understood . In this paper , we sought to understand the mechanism that underlies the activity of... | The bacterium that causes anthrax produces a toxin called anthrax toxin that is largely responsible for causing disease symptoms . The first step in anthrax intoxication involves binding of the toxin to a specific protein , called a receptor , on the cell surface . Receptor-binding acts like a switch to prevent the tox... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"protein",
"interactions",
"proteins",
"biology"
] | 2011 | A Receptor-based Switch that Regulates Anthrax Toxin Pore Formation |
Networks of interacting transcription factors are central to the regulation of cellular responses to abiotic stress . Although the architecture of many such networks has been mapped , their dynamic function remains unclear . Here we address this challenge in archaea , microorganisms possessing transcription factors tha... | Complex circuits of genes rather than a single gene underlie many important processes such as disease , development , and cellular damage repair . Although the wiring of many of these circuits has been mapped , how circuits operate in real time to carry out their functions is poorly understood . Here we address these q... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2015 | A Regulatory Hierarchy Controls the Dynamic Transcriptional Response to Extreme Oxidative Stress in Archaea |
The hemolytic phospholipase C ( PlcHR ) expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the original member of a Phosphoesterase Superfamily , which includes phosphorylcholine-specific phospholipases C ( PC-PLC ) produced by frank and opportunistic pathogens . PlcHR , but not all its family members , is also a potent sphingomye... | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major bacterial opportunistic pathogen responsible for acute ( e . g . , sepsis ) and chronic infections ( e . g . , pulmonary ) . While it expresses assorted extracellular toxins that in one way or another contribute to pathogenesis , the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/nosocomial",
"and",
"healthcare-associated",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
... | 2009 | A Complex Extracellular Sphingomyelinase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Inhibits Angiogenesis by Selective Cytotoxicity to Endothelial Cells |
ClinicalTrials . gov NCT03173742 .
The control of Neglected Tropical Diseases ( NTDs ) has in ivermectin ( IVM ) the most significant tool among all the drugs used for morbidity control and interruption of transmision . Due to its impact on onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) , this macrocyclic lactone has b... | Current efforts for the control of poverty-related diseases provide drug treatments through mass drug administration ( MDA ) as a key component . Ivermectin is an antiparasitary drug which has been used to fight some of these diseases , and millions of treatments have been distributed with a favorable toxicity profile ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"pharmacologic",
"analysis",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"diet",
"research",
"design",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"nutrition",
"pharmaceutics",
"drug",
"administration",
"pharmacology",... | 2018 | Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of fixed-dose ivermectin with an innovative 18mg tablet in healthy adult volunteers |
The murine model of experimental cerebral malaria ( ECM ) has been utilised extensively in recent years to study the pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria ( HCM ) . However , it has been proposed that the aetiologies of ECM and HCM are distinct , and , consequently , no useful mechanistic insights into the pathogenesi... | Cerebral malaria ( HCM ) is the most severe complication of malaria infection . Despite this , we have an incomplete understanding of the cause ( pathogenesis ) of the syndrome . To improve our understanding of HCM pathogenesis , animal models of the syndrome have been developed . The most commonly used model is the mu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"cell",
"processes",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"capillaries",
... | 2017 | A quantitative brain map of experimental cerebral malaria pathology |
Plasmodesmata provide the cytoplasmic conduits for cell-to-cell communication throughout plant tissues and participate in a diverse set of non–cell-autonomous functions . Despite their central role in growth and development and defence , resolving their modus operandi remains a major challenge in plant biology . Featur... | In plants , cylindrical , microscopic channels called plasmodesmata provide intracellular connections between cells for communication and material transport , and are important for many aspects of plant growth and defence . We identify a novel family of plasmodesmata-located proteins ( called PDLP1 ) with features of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Specific Targeting of a Plasmodesmal Protein Affecting Cell-to-Cell Communication |
The Drosophila eye is a mosaic that results from the stochastic distribution of two ommatidial subtypes . Pale and yellow ommatidia can be distinguished by the expression of distinct rhodopsins and other pigments in their inner photoreceptors ( R7 and R8 ) , which are implicated in color vision . The pale subtype conta... | Most sensory systems follow the rule “one receptor molecule per receptor cell . ” For example , photoreceptors in the fly eye and cones in the human eye each express only one light-sensitive rhodopsin . Rhodopsins are G-coupled protein receptors , a class of ancient signaling molecules that mediate not just vision but ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Iroquois Complex Genes Induce Co-Expression of rhodopsins in Drosophila |
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids ( EETs ) confer vasoactive and cardioprotective functions . Genetic analysis of the contributions of these short-lived mediators to pathophysiology has been confounded to date by the allelic expansion in rodents of the portion of the genome syntenic to human CYP2J2 , a gene encoding one of the... | In mice and humans , the CYP2J class of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases metabolizes arachidonic acid ( AA ) to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids ( EETs ) , short-lived mediators with effects on both the pulmonary and systemic vasculature . Genetic dissection of CYP2J function to date has been complicated by allelic expansion in t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Deletion of the Murine Cytochrome P450 Cyp2j Locus by Fused BAC-Mediated Recombination Identifies a Role for Cyp2j in the Pulmonary Vascular Response to Hypoxia |
The neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated gene 4–2 , Nedd4-2 , is an epilepsy-associated gene with at least three missense mutations identified in epileptic patients . Nedd4-2 encodes a ubiquitin E3 ligase that has high affinity toward binding and ubiquitinating membrane proteins . It is curren... | Many patients with neurological disorders suffer from an imbalance in neuronal and circuit excitability and present with seizure or epilepsy as the common comorbidity . Human genetic studies have identified many epilepsy-associated genes , but the pathways by which those genes are connected to brain circuit excitabilit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"hek",
"293",
"cells",
"membrane",
"potential",
"biological",
"cultures",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"models",
"mutation",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunoprecipitation",
"experimental",
"or... | 2017 | Epilepsy-associated gene Nedd4-2 mediates neuronal activity and seizure susceptibility through AMPA receptors |
Ecological speciation is the process by which reproductively isolated populations emerge as a consequence of divergent natural or ecologically-mediated sexual selection . Most genomic studies of ecological speciation have investigated allopatric populations , making it difficult to infer reproductive isolation . The fe... | Ecological speciation can be defined as the evolution of new , reproductively isolated , species driven by natural selection and ecologically-mediated sexual selection . Its genomic signature has mainly been studied in ecotypes and emerging species that started diverging hundreds to thousands of generations ago , while... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"osteichthyes",
"aquatic",
"environments",
"habitats",
"speciation",
"bodies",
"of",
"water",
"dna",
"recombination",
"dna",
"population",
"biology",
"fishes",
"chromosome",... | 2016 | Genomics of Rapid Incipient Speciation in Sympatric Threespine Stickleback |
Several low-grade persistent viral infections induce and sustain very large numbers of virus-specific effector T cells . This was first described as a response to cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) , a herpesvirus that establishes a life-long persistent/latent infection , and sustains the largest known effector T cell populations... | Herpesviruses persist for the life of the host and must be continuously controlled by a robust immune surveillance effort . In the case of the cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) , this ongoing immune surveillance promotes the accumulation of CMV-specific T cells in a process known as “memory inflation” . We and others have propos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"immunity",
"viral",
"persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology",
"t",
"cells",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"ce... | 2014 | Systemic Hematogenous Maintenance of Memory Inflation by MCMV Infection |
Our ability to identify genes that participate in cell growth and division is limited because their loss often leads to lethality . A solution to this is to isolate conditional mutants where the phenotype is visible under restrictive conditions . Here , we capitalize on the haploid growth-phase of the moss Physcomitrel... | Genes important for cell growth are difficult to identify because their disruption often results in the death of the organism . A solution to this problem is to isolate temperature-sensitive mutants where growth is blocked only at high temperatures . Here , we used the moss Physcomitrella patens , a simple model plant ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"microtubules",
"microtubule",
"dynamics",
"cell",
"processes",
"organisms",
"mutation",
"chromosome",
"mapping",
"microtubule",
"polymerization",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"plants",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"nonvascular",
"plants",
"cytosk... | 2018 | Conditional genetic screen in Physcomitrella patens reveals a novel microtubule depolymerizing-end-tracking protein |
Although a combination of genomic and epigenetic alterations are implicated in the multistep transformation of normal squamous esophageal epithelium to Barrett esophagus , dysplasia , and adenocarcinoma , the combinatorial effect of these changes is unknown . By integrating genome-wide DNA methylation , copy number , a... | The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma ( EA ) is increasing at an alarming pace in the United States . Distinct pathological stages of Barrett's metaplasia and low- and high-grade dysplasia can be seen preceding malignant transformation . These precursor lesions provide a unique in vivo model for deepening our unde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/gastrointestinal",
"cancers",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/esophagus",
"oncology/gastrointestinal",
"cancers"
] | 2011 | Widespread Hypomethylation Occurs Early and Synergizes with Gene Amplification during Esophageal Carcinogenesis |
Recent studies have identified broadband phenomena in the electric potentials produced by the brain . We report the finding of power-law scaling in these signals using subdural electrocorticographic recordings from the surface of human cortex . The power spectral density ( PSD ) of the electric potential has the power-... | For a very long time , the measurement of the large scale potentials produced by the brain from outside of the head , using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography , and from inside the head , using electrocorticography , has fixated on changes in specific rhythms and frequency ranges . This fixation presuppo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"physics/condensed",
"matter"
] | 2009 | Power-Law Scaling in the Brain Surface Electric Potential |
To protect germ cells from genomic instability , surveillance mechanisms ensure meiosis occurs properly . In mammals , spermatocytes that display recombination defects experience a so-called recombination-dependent arrest at the pachytene stage , which relies on the MRE11 complex—ATM—CHK2 pathway responding to unrepair... | Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates haploid gametes by halving chromosome content through two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation . At the onset of the first meiotic division , SPO11 protein introduces double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) throughout the genome . These DSBs are repaired through homol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"spermatocytes",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"cell",
"processes",
"germ",
"cells",
"oocytes",
"dna",
"sperm",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"specimen",
"preparation",
"and",
"treatment",
"staining",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",
"recombinant",... | 2017 | p53 and TAp63 participate in the recombination-dependent pachytene arrest in mouse spermatocytes |
Toxoplasma gondii is the most common protozoan parasitic infection in man . Gamma interferon ( IFNγ ) activates haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells to kill the parasite and mediate host resistance . IFNγ-driven host resistance pathways and parasitic virulence factors are well described in mice , but a detailed ... | Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that can invade nucleated cells of any warm-blooded animal into a compartment known as a parasitophorous vacuole ( PV ) . The production of gamma interferon ( IFNγ ) drives the restriction and killing of Toxoplasma . It is not fully known how the parasite inside the PV is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"vacuoles",
"parasite",
"replication",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hela",
"cells",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"para... | 2016 | K63-Linked Ubiquitination Targets Toxoplasma gondii for Endo-lysosomal Destruction in IFNγ-Stimulated Human Cells |
The emergence and re-emergence of pathogens remains a major public health concern . Unfortunately , when and where pathogens will ( re- ) emerge is notoriously difficult to predict , as the erratic nature of those events is reinforced by the stochastic nature of pathogen evolution during the early phase of an epidemic ... | The probability that an epidemic will break out is highly dependent on the ability of the pathogen to acquire new adaptive mutations and to induce evolutionary emergence . Forecasting pathogen emergence thus requires a good understanding of the interplay between the epidemiology and evolution taking place at the onset ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome",
"engineering",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"bacteriophages",
"pathogens",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"synthetic",
"bioengin... | 2018 | Evolutionary emergence of infectious diseases in heterogeneous host populations |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) clusters in families , but the only known common genetic variants influencing risk are near PNPLA3 . We sought to identify additional genetic variants influencing NAFLD using genome-wide association ( GWA ) analysis of computed tomography ( CT ) measured hepatic steatosis , a ... | NAFLD is a spectrum of disease that ranges from steatosis to steatohepatitis ( nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH: inflammation around the fat ) to fibrosis/cirrhosis . Hepatic steatosis can be measured non-invasively using computed tomography ( CT ) whereas NASH/fibrosis is assessed histologically . The genetic unde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/obesity",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/hepatology"
] | 2011 | Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Variants Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease That Have Distinct Effects on Metabolic Traits |
Persistent activity has been reported in many brain areas and is hypothesized to mediate working memory and emotional brain states and to rely upon network or biophysical feedback . Here , we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which persistent neuronal activity can be generated without feedback , relying instead on the s... | The accessory olfactory system is essential for chemical communication in animals during social interactions . During this process , the principle cells of the accessory olfactory bulb ( AOB ) may respond to transient stimulation with prolonged activity , sometimes lasting for minutes—a property known as persistent act... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Prolonged Intracellular Na+ Dynamics Govern Electrical Activity in Accessory Olfactory Bulb Mitral Cells |
The interactions between membrane receptors and extracellular ligands control cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion , and environmental responsiveness by representing the initial steps of cell signaling pathways . These interactions can be spatial-temporally regulated when different extracellular ligands are tethered .... | In order to adapt to surrounding environments , multiple signaling pathways have been evolved in cells . The first step of these pathways is to detect external stimuli , which is conducted by the dynamic interactions between cell surface receptors and extracellular ligands . As a result , recognition of extracellular l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"and",
"method",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"cell",
"physiology",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"receptor-ligand",
"binding",
"assay",
"cellular",
"structures",
... | 2017 | General principles of binding between cell surface receptors and multi-specific ligands: A computational study |
The species-specific phenolic glycolipid 1 ( PGL-1 ) is suspected to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of leprosy , a chronic disease of the skin and peripheral nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae . Based on studies using the purified compound , PGL-1 was proposed to mediate the tropism of M . leprae for the n... | Mycobacterium leprae , the causative agent of leprosy , is a chronic human disease responsible for irreversible peripheral nerve damage and deformities . Lepromatous leprosy , the most severe form of the disease , is accompanied by T-cell unresponsiveness , suggesting that M . leprae has evolved strategies to modulate ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Mycobacterium leprae Phenolglycolipid-1 Expressed by Engineered M. bovis BCG Modulates Early Interaction with Human Phagocytes |
In all models , but especially in those used to predict uncertain processes ( e . g . , climate change and nonnative species establishment ) , it is important to identify and remove any sources of bias that may confound results . This is critical in models designed to help support decisionmaking . The geometry used to ... | Many different areas of science try to simulate and predict ( model ) how processes act across virtual landscapes . Sometimes these models are abstract , but often they are based on real-world landscapes and are used to make real-world planning or management decisions . We considered two separate issues: how movement o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"none",
"ecology",
"science",
"policy"
] | 2007 | Landscape as a Model: The Importance of Geometry |
Genetic causes for autosomal recessive forms of dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM ) are only rarely identified , although they are thought to contribute considerably to sudden cardiac death and heart failure , especially in young children . Here , we describe 11 young patients ( 5–13 years ) with a predominant presentation ... | Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM ) is estimated to be of genetic origin in 20%–48% of the patients . Almost all currently known genetic defects show dominant inheritance , although especially in younger children recessive causes have been proposed to contribute considerably to DCM . Knowledge of the genetic caus... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"autosomal",
"recessive",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"pediatric",
"cardiology",
"pediatrics",
"and",
"child",
"health",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"metabolic",
"disorders",
"pediatrics",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2011 | Autosomal Recessive Dilated Cardiomyopathy due to DOLK Mutations Results from Abnormal Dystroglycan O-Mannosylation |
Mechanisms for highly efficient chromosome-associated equal segregation , and for maintenance of steady state copy number , are at the heart of the evolutionary success of the 2-micron plasmid as a stable multi-copy extra-chromosomal selfish DNA element present in the yeast nucleus . The Flp site-specific recombination... | Plasmids of budding yeasts , exemplified by the 2-micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and mammalian papilloma and gammaherpes viruses typify eukaryotic extra-chromosomal selfish DNA elements . The plasmid and the viral episomes , despite the long evolutionary divergence of their hosts , share striking similari... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"recombination",
"reactions",
"monomers",
"plasmids",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"sumoylation",
"dna",
"replication",
"genetic",
"elements",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"dna",
"construction",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
... | 2019 | A Flp-SUMO hybrid recombinase reveals multi-layered copy number control of a selfish DNA element through post-translational modification |
Imprinted genes undergo epigenetic modifications during gametogenesis , which lead to transcriptional silencing of either the maternally or the paternally derived allele in the subsequent generation . Previous work has suggested an association between imprinting and the products of retrotransposition , but the nature o... | The conventional view is that DNA carries all of our heritable information and our genes control development into adulthood . The discovery of epigenetics , a term coined to describe effects that are not coded for by DNA sequence , but can nonetheless affect our development and well-being , has added another layer of c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"mus",
"(mouse)"
] | 2007 | A Screen for Retrotransposed Imprinted Genes Reveals an Association between X Chromosome Homology and Maternal Germ-Line Methylation |
Genome-wide association ( GWA ) is gaining popularity as a means to study the architecture of complex quantitative traits , partially due to the improvement of high-throughput low-cost genotyping and phenotyping technologies . Glucosinolate ( GSL ) secondary metabolites within Arabidopsis spp . can serve as a model sys... | Understanding how genetic variation can control phenotypic variation is a fundamental goal of modern biology . A major push has been made using genome-wide association mapping in all organisms to attempt and rapidly identify the genes contributing to phenotypes such as disease and nutritional disorders . But a number o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"functional",
"genomics",
"plant",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"plant",
"science",
"genome",
"complexity",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"systems",
"biology",
"plant",
... | 2011 | Combining Genome-Wide Association Mapping and Transcriptional Networks to Identify Novel Genes Controlling Glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world . Sustainable community-based interventions are urgently needed to control transmission of the causative parasite , Taenia solium . We examined the geospatial relationship between live pigs with visible cysticercotic cysts on their to... | Taenia solium , aka the pork tapeworm , is an important cause of epilepsy in developing nations . People with intestinal tapeworms , a condition known as taeniasis , pass infectious eggs in their feces which contaminate the environment . These eggs can cause serious disease in both humans and pigs if they are ingested ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"neurocysticercosis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectious",... | 2012 | Geographic Correlation between Tapeworm Carriers and Heavily Infected Cysticercotic Pigs |
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is causally linked to several human cancers , including Kaposi's sarcoma , primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease , malignancies commonly found in HIV-infected patients . While KSHV encodes diverse functional products , its mechanism of oncogenesi... | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is the causal agent of several human cancers . KSHV encodes over two dozen genes that regulate diverse cellular pathways . However , the molecular mechanism of KSHV-induced oncogenesis remains unknown . In this study , we determined the roles of KSHV microRNAs ( miRs ) i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | KSHV MicroRNAs Mediate Cellular Transformation and Tumorigenesis by Redundantly Targeting Cell Growth and Survival Pathways |
Prions are proteinaceous infectious agents responsible for fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans . They are essentially composed of PrPSc , an aggregated , misfolded conformer of the ubiquitously expressed host-encoded prion protein ( PrPC ) . Stable variations in PrPSc conformation are assumed to enco... | Prions are infectious agents causing irremediably fatal neurodegenerative diseases in human and in farmed or wild animals . They are thought to be formed from abnormally folded assemblies ( PrPSc ) of the host-encoded prion protein ( PrPC ) . Different PrPSc conformational variants associated with distinct biological p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Quaternary Structure of Pathological Prion Protein as a Determining Factor of Strain-Specific Prion Replication Dynamics |
Alternative mRNA splicing adds a layer of regulation to the expression of thousands of genes in Drosophila melanogaster . Not all alternative splicing results in functional protein; it can also yield mRNA isoforms with premature stop codons that are degraded by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay ( NMD ) pathway . This co... | A gene can be processed into multiple mRNAs through alternative splicing . Alternative splicing increases the number of proteins encoded by the genome , but not all alternative mRNAs produce protein . Instead , some are degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay ( NMD ) , a surveillance system that was originally identif... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology/alternative",
"splicing",
"molecular",
"biology/mrna",
"stability",
"molecular",
"biology/rna",
"splicing",
"genetics... | 2009 | Genome-Wide Identification of Alternative Splice Forms Down-Regulated by Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Drosophila |
Buruli ulcer [BU] is a chronic and debilitating neglected tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . The treatment of moderate to severe BU affects the well-being of entire households and places a strain on both gender relations within households and social relations with kin asked for various types of su... | In this gender-focused study of the neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer ( BU ) in Benin , West Africa , we document how seeking care for BU is influenced by broad-based concerns about the household production of health and the availability of resources women can mobilize from their social support networks . Women a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | The gendered impact of Buruli ulcer on the household production of health and social support networks: Why decentralization favors women |
Long after a new language has been learned and forgotten , relearning a few words seems to trigger the recall of other words . This “free-lunch learning” ( FLL ) effect has been demonstrated both in humans and in neural network models . Specifically , previous work proved that linear networks that learn a set of associ... | If you learn a skill , then partially forget it , does relearning part of that skill induce recovery of other parts of the skill ? More generally , if you learn a set of associations , then partially forget them , does relearning a subset induce recovery of the remaining associations ? In previous work , in which parti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Falling towards Forgetfulness: Synaptic Decay Prevents Spontaneous Recovery of Memory |
The genus Paracoccidioides comprises human thermal dimorphic fungi , which cause paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , an important mycosis in Latin America . Adaptation to environmental conditions is key to fungal survival during human host infection . The adaptability of carbon metabolism is a vital fitness attribute duri... | The species of the Paracoccidioides genus , a neglected human pathogen , represent the causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , one of the most frequent systemic mycoses in Latin America . Despite being phagocytosed , the fungus conidia differentiate into the parasitic yeast form that subverts the normally ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"proteomics",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Transcriptional and Proteomic Responses to Carbon Starvation in Paracoccidioides |
Recent heritability analyses have indicated that genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have the potential to improve genetic risk prediction for complex diseases based on polygenic risk score ( PRS ) , a simple modelling technique that can be implemented using summary-level data from the discovery samples . We herei... | Large GWAS have identified tens or even hundreds of common SNPs significantly associated with individual complex diseases; however , these SNPs typically explain a small proportion of phenotypic variance . Recently , heritability analyses based on GWAS data suggest that common SNPs have the potential to explain substan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"sociology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"genitourinary",
"tract",
"tumors",
"social",
"sciences",
"oncology",
"bladder",
"cancer... | 2016 | Winner's Curse Correction and Variable Thresholding Improve Performance of Polygenic Risk Modeling Based on Genome-Wide Association Study Summary-Level Data |
Oral transmission of Chagas disease has been documented in Latin American countries . Nevertheless , significant studies on the pathophysiology of this form of infection are largely lacking . The few studies investigating oral route infection disregard that inoculation in the oral cavity ( Oral infection , OI ) or by g... | Chagas disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in Latin America and a neglected tropical disease , which affects 6–7 million people worldwide . Currently , oral transmission is the most frequent pathway of infection in Brazil but also occurs in other endemic countries . This important infection rou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Trypanosoma cruzi Infection through the Oral Route Promotes a Severe Infection in Mice: New Disease Form from an Old Infection? |
The influenza A viruses genome comprises eight single-stranded RNA segments of negative polarity . Each one is included in a ribonucleoprotein particle ( vRNP ) containing the polymerase complex and a number of nucleoprotein ( NP ) monomers . Viral RNA replication proceeds by formation of a complementary RNP of positiv... | The influenza A viruses produce annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory disease . There is great concern about a potential new pandemic being caused by presently circulating avian influenza viruses , and hence increasing interest in understanding how the virus replicates its genome . This comprises eig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/rna-protein",
"interactions",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/respiratory",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Genetic trans-Complementation Establishes a New Model for Influenza Virus RNA Transcription and Replication |
Albinism is a genetic defect characterized by a loss of pigmentation . The neurosensory retina , which is not pigmented , exhibits pathologic changes secondary to the loss of pigmentation in the retina pigment epithelium ( RPE ) . How the loss of pigmentation in the RPE causes developmental defects in the adjacent neur... | Albinism is the loss of pigmentation caused by mutations in one of several different genes that alter pigment synthesis by different mechanisms . In the eye , albinism impairs sensory retina development and causes significant vision problems . Regardless of the genetic mutation that causes albinism , the associated vis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"ophthalmology"
] | 2008 | L-DOPA Is an Endogenous Ligand for OA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen and its interaction with macrophages is a key event determining the outcome of infection . Urease is a major virulence factor in C . neoformans but its role during macrophage interaction has not been characterized . Consequently , we analyzed the effect of... | Cryptococcus neoformans is a relatively frequent cause of life-threatening infection in severely immunocompromised patients , especially those with AIDS . Persistence of infection involves residence within macrophages , where C . neoformans can survive and replicate while residing in the phagolysosome . New treatments ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cryptococcus",
"neoformans",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"urea",
"cryptococcus",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"ureases",
"yeast",
"infections",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"immunolo... | 2018 | Cryptococcus neoformans urease affects the outcome of intracellular pathogenesis by modulating phagolysosomal pH |
Human rabies is a significant public health concern in mainland China . However , the neglect of rabies expansion and scarce analyses of the dynamics have made the spatiotemporal spread pattern of human rabies and its determinants being poorly understood . We collected geographic locations and timeline of reported huma... | Although the number of human rabies cases has slightly decreased since 2008 in mainland China , the rabies seemed to be gradually expanding to the low-incidence or non-epidemic areas . The neglect of rabies expansion and scarce analyses of the dynamics have made the spatiotemporal spread pattern of human rabies and its... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Spatiotemporal Expansion of Human Rabies and Its Probable Explanation in Mainland China, 2004-2013 |
Group VI Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 ( iPLA2 ) is a water-soluble enzyme that is active when associated with phospholipid membranes . Despite its clear pharmaceutical relevance , no X-ray or NMR structural information is currently available for the iPLA2 or its membrane complex . In this paper , we combine homolo... | The Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 ( iPLA2 ) enzyme is a potential target for the development of medicinal agents against heart and neurological diseases , multiple sclerosis , arthritis , and cancer . However , no structural information is currently available for the iPLA2 . The binding of the enzyme to human membr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"enzyme",
"structure",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"enzyme",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"chemistry",
"theoretical",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
... | 2013 | Insertion of the Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2 into a Phospholipid Bilayer via Coarse-Grained and Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
Horses belong to the order Perissodactyla and bear the majority of their weight on their third toe; therefore , tremendous force is applied to each hoof . An inherited disease characterized by a phenotype restricted to the dorsal hoof wall was identified in the Connemara pony . Hoof wall separation disease ( HWSD ) man... | Inherited diseases affecting only the nails in humans are rare; however , humans do not support themselves entirely on one appendage . Horses bear their entire weight on their third toe , resulting in a large amount of force on each hoof . An inherited disease characterized by a phenotype restricted to separation and b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | SERPINB11 Frameshift Variant Associated with Novel Hoof Specific Phenotype in Connemara Ponies |
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of human plague and is endemic in various African , Asian and American countries . In Madagascar , the disease represents a significant public health problem with hundreds of human cases a year . Unfortunately , poor infrastructure makes outbreak investigations challenging . DNA w... | Yersinia pestis is a highly pathogenic bacterium and the causative agent of human plague . It has caused three recognized pandemics and is a current human health problem in many countries of Africa , Asia and the Americas , including Madagascar . The pathogen cannot be eradicated from natural plague foci as it persists... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [] | 2015 | Diverse Genotypes of Yersinia pestis Caused Plague in Madagascar in 2007 |
We describe a new syndrome of young onset diabetes , short stature and microcephaly with intellectual disability in a large consanguineous family with three affected children . Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing were used to identify the causal nonsense mutation , which changed an arginine codon into a stop at... | The inherited predisposition to type 2 diabetes is attributed to common variants in over 60 loci . Among these risk variants is CDKAL1 , which has recently been shown to be a tRNA modifying enzyme ( methylthiotransferase ) . Genetic variants of different severity can generate a spectrum of monogenic and polygenic forms... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | tRNA Methyltransferase Homolog Gene TRMT10A Mutation in Young Onset Diabetes and Primary Microcephaly in Humans |
Helminth infections are prevalent in rural areas of developing countries and have in some studies been negatively associated with allergic disorders and atopy . In this context little is known of the molecular mechanisms of modulation involved . We have characterized the innate immune responses , at the molecular level... | Inflammatory diseases such as atopic disorders are a major health problem in the Western world , but their prevalence is also increasing in developing countries , especially in urban centres . There is increasing evidence that exposure to a rural environment with high burden of compounds derived from parasites and micr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"immunology/allergy",
"and",
"hypersensitivity",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections"
] | 2008 | Lower Expression of TLR2 and SOCS-3 Is Associated with Schistosoma haematobium Infection and with Lower Risk for Allergic Reactivity in Children Living in a Rural Area in Ghana |
Despite the success of genome-wide association studies in medical genetics , the underlying genetics of many complex diseases remains enigmatic . One plausible reason for this could be the failure to account for the presence of genetic interactions in current analyses . Exhaustive investigations of interactions are typ... | Many of our common diseases are driven by complex interactions between multiple genetic factors . Disease-specific , genome-wide association studies have been the prominent tool for cataloging such factors , by studying the genetic variation of a gene in a population and its association with the disease . However , the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Discovering Genetic Interactions in Large-Scale Association Studies by Stage-wise Likelihood Ratio Tests |
Organisms have to continuously adapt to changing environmental conditions or undergo developmental transitions . To meet the accompanying change in metabolic demands , the molecular mechanisms of adaptation involve concerted interactions which ultimately induce a modification of the metabolic state , which is character... | Insight into the functioning of metabolic control to meet changing demands is a first step in rational engineering of biological systems towards a desired behavior . Metabolic control analysis provides the means to examine the impact of change of reaction fluxes on a specific target flux based on kinetic modeling , but... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"complex",
"systems",
"systems",
"biology",
"game",
"theory",
"mathematics",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Structural Control of Metabolic Flux |
We describe the development and evaluation of a novel method for targeted amplification and Next Generation Sequencing ( NGS ) -based identification of viral hemorrhagic fever ( VHF ) agents and assess the feasibility of this approach in diagnostics . An ultrahigh-multiplex panel was designed with primers to amplify al... | Viral hemorrhagic fever is a severe and potentially lethal disease , characterized by fever , malaise , vomiting , mucosal and gastrointestinal bleeding , and hypotension , in which multiple organ systems are affected . Due to modern transportation and global trade , outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers have the poten... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"alphaviruses",
"viruses",
"next-generation",
"sequen... | 2017 | Development and preliminary evaluation of a multiplexed amplification and next generation sequencing method for viral hemorrhagic fever diagnostics |
HIV-1 particles assemble and bud from the plasma membrane of infected T lymphocytes . Infected macrophages , in contrast , accumulate particles within an apparent intracellular compartment known as the virus-containing compartment or VCC . Many aspects of the formation and function of the VCC remain unclear . Here we d... | T lymphocytes and macrophages are the two major cell types involved in HIV replication and transmission events . When a T cell is infected , virus particles assemble and bud from the plasma membrane of the cell . In contrast , infected macrophages develop an intracellular collection of viruses termed the virus-containi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"... | 2017 | Siglec-1 initiates formation of the virus-containing compartment and enhances macrophage-to-T cell transmission of HIV-1 |
Meiotic recombination is initiated by large numbers of developmentally programmed DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) , ranging from dozens to hundreds per cell depending on the organism . DSBs formed in single-copy sequences provoke recombination between allelic positions on homologous chromosomes , but DSBs can also fo... | Meiosis is the cell division that generates gametes for sexual reproduction . During meiosis , homologous recombination occurs frequently , initiated by DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) made by Spo11 . Meiotic recombination usually occurs between sequences at allelic positions on homologous chromosomes , but a DSB wit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Meiotic Recombination Initiation in and around Retrotransposable Elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Tumorigenesis requires the re-organization of metabolism to support malignant proliferation . We examine how the altered metabolism of cancer cells is reflected in the rewiring of co-expression patterns among metabolic genes . Focusing on breast and clear-cell kidney tumors , we report the existence of key metabolic ge... | The metabolism of malignant tumors is deranged . The transition from healthy to cancerous state involves , among other factors , the transcriptional coordination of genes spread throughout the cell’s metabolic pathways . An examination of this multivariate regulatory effort can offer insights which may remain hidden fr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Extensive Decoupling of Metabolic Genes in Cancer |
Multiple GWAS studies have reported strong association of cardiac QT-interval to a region on HSA17 . Interestingly , a rat locus homologous to this region is also linked to QT-intervals . The high resolution positional mapping study located the rat QT-interval locus to a <42 . 5kb region on RNO10 . This region containe... | Diseases of the cardiovascular system such as essential hypertension do not have a clear cause , but are known to run in families . The inheritance patterns of essential hypertension and other cardiac diseases suggest that they are not due to a single defective gene but instead are caused by multiple genetic defects th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"diet",
"long",
"non-coding",
"rnas",
"electrocardiography",
"nutrition",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"met... | 2017 | Positional cloning of quantitative trait nucleotides for blood pressure and cardiac QT-interval by targeted CRISPR/Cas9 editing of a novel long non-coding RNA |
Introduced transinfections of the inherited bacteria Wolbachia can inhibit transmission of viruses by Aedes mosquitoes , and in Ae . aegypti are now being deployed for dengue control in a number of countries . Only three Wolbachia strains from the large number that exist in nature have to date been introduced and chara... | Mosquito-borne viral diseases represent an increasing threat to human and animal health globally . The mosquito species Aedes aegypti , a primary vector of the most significant human arboviral infections including the dengue , Zika and Chikungunya viruses , is highly invasive and is almost ubiquitous in tropical urban ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"viruses",
"developmental",
"biology",
"rna",
"viruses",
"insect",
"... | 2018 | The Wolbachia strain wAu provides highly efficient virus transmission blocking in Aedes aegypti |
Prion proteins can adopt self-propagating alternative conformations that account for the infectious nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ( TSEs ) and the epigenetic inheritance of certain traits in yeast . Recent evidence suggests a similar propagation of misfolded proteins in the spreading of pathology ... | Alzheimer's , Parkinson's , Huntington's , frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( FTLD ) , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) , and prion diseases are all age-related , fatal neurodegenerative disorders . Hallmarks of these diseases include the expression of toxic protein species . The ability to spread and infect naiv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"neurology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Spreading of a Prion Domain from Cell-to-Cell by Vesicular Transport in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Neuritogenesis is a critical early step in the development and maturation of neurons and neuronal circuits . While extracellular directional cues are known to specify the site and orientation of nascent neurite formation in vivo , little is known about the genetic pathways that block inappropriate neurite emergence in ... | Neurons are among the most morphologically complex cells in the body . Early in development , newly born neurons project one or more processes called neurites that will eventually mature into axons and dendrites . While the genetic determinants that promote neurite emergence along specific trajectories are beginning to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | VANG-1 and PRKL-1 Cooperate to Negatively Regulate Neurite Formation in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have generated sufficient data to assess the role of selection in shaping allelic diversity of disease-associated SNPs . Negative selection against disease risk variants is expected to reduce their frequencies making them overrepresented in the group of minor ( <50% ) alleles . ... | We reviewed several thousand genome wide association studies that were conducted to identify genetic variants influencing risk of human diseases . We tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) that influence disease risk undergo positive or negative selection more frequently than an average SNP... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Allelic Spectra of Risk SNPs Are Different for Environment/Lifestyle Dependent versus Independent Diseases |
Identifying the genes that influence levels of pro-inflammatory molecules can help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this process . We first conducted a two-stage genome-wide association scan ( GWAS ) for the key inflammatory biomarkers Interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , the general measure of inflammation erythrocyte sedim... | Inflammation is a protective response of our organism to harmful stimuli—such as germs , damaged cells , or irritants—and to initiate the healing process . It has also been implicated , with both protective and predisposing effects , in a number of different diseases; but many important details of this complex phenomen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Genome-Wide Association Scan on the Levels of Markers of Inflammation in Sardinians Reveals Associations That Underpin Its Complex Regulation |
Although host genetics influences susceptibility to tuberculosis ( TB ) , few genes determining disease outcome have been identified . We hypothesized that macrophages from individuals with different clinical manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection would have distinct gene expression profiles and... | Although TB is a leading cause of death worldwide , the vast majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic and contains the bacillus in a latent form . Among those with active disease , 80% have localized pulmonary disease and 20% have disseminated forms . TB meningitis ( TBM ) is the most severe form of TB with 20... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial... | 2008 | Identification of Tuberculosis Susceptibility Genes with Human Macrophage Gene Expression Profiles |
The theoretical setting of hierarchical Bayesian inference is gaining acceptance as a framework for understanding cortical computation . In this paper , we describe how Bayesian belief propagation in a spatio-temporal hierarchical model , called Hierarchical Temporal Memory ( HTM ) , can lead to a mathematical model fo... | Understanding the computational and information processing roles of cortical circuitry is one of the outstanding problems in neuroscience . In this paper , we work from a theory of neocortex that models it as a spatio-temporal hierarchical system to derive a biological cortical circuit . This is achieved by combining t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/natural",
"and",
"synthetic",
"vision",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Towards a Mathematical Theory of Cortical Micro-circuits |
The rhoptry of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is an unusual secretory organelle that is thought to be related to secretory lysosomes in higher eukaryotes . Rhoptries contain an extensive collection of proteins that participate in host cell invasion and in the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole , but l... | The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a eukaryotic organism with multiple membrane bound organelles with discrete functions . The rhoptry is an unusual secretory organelle that participates in host cell invasion and the formation of a specialised vacuole that the parasite occupies during the intracellular part ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Identification of Rhoptry Trafficking Determinants and Evidence for a Novel Sorting Mechanism in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum |
To investigate the DDT and deltamethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes , the vector of Leishmania donovani , responsible for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , in two countries ( India and Nepal ) with different histories of insecticide exposure . Standard WHO testing procedures were applied using 4% DDT and 0 .... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , also know as kala azar , is one of the major public health concerns India , Nepal and Bangladesh . In the Indian subcontinent , VL is caused by Leishmania donovani which is transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes . To date , Indoor Residual Spraying ( IRS ) campaigns have been unable to co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Insecticide Susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes in Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Districts in India and Nepal |
What is the underlying mechanism behind the fat-tailed statistics observed for species abundance distributions ? The two main hypotheses in the field are the adaptive ( niche ) theories , where species abundance reflects its fitness , and the neutral theory that assumes demographic stochasticity as the main factor dete... | One purchases 100 wineglasses and 100 pairs of pants . After one year , 10 glasses and 10 pants survive . What can be said about the relative quality of the survivors ? Well , clothes “die” as a result of accumulated wear; the surviving items are of better quality . The breaking of a wineglass is an external , random e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology/theoretical",
"ecology",
"ecology/population",
"ecology",
"ecology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Polymorphism Data Can Reveal the Origin of Species Abundance Statistics |
During sensory deprivation , the barrel cortex undergoes expansion of a functional column representing spared inputs ( spared column ) , into the neighboring deprived columns ( representing deprived inputs ) which are in turn shrunk . As a result , the neurons in a deprived column simultaneously increase and decrease t... | Plasticity in the adult neocortex is the basis of our learning and memory . However , its molecular mechanisms are still unclear . In the sensory barrel cortex of rodents , a well-characterized model for neocortical plasticity , neurons directly code for whisker displacement—neurons within a given barrel will fire when... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Cofilin1 Controls Transcolumnar Plasticity in Dendritic Spines in Adult Barrel Cortex |
Ectopic heartbeats can trigger reentrant arrhythmias , leading to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death . Such events have been attributed to perturbed Ca2+ handling in cardiac myocytes leading to spontaneous Ca2+ release and delayed afterdepolarizations ( DADs ) . However , the ways in which perturbation o... | Arrhythmias are electrical abnormalities of the heart that can degenerate into fibrillation , thus preventing normal heartbeats and leading to sudden cardiac death . The mechanisms leading to ventricular arrhythmias and the unexpected nature of sudden cardiac death are not fully understood . One hypothesis is that a gr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"muscle",
"tissue",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"junctional",
"complexes",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
... | 2017 | Estimating the probabilities of rare arrhythmic events in multiscale computational models of cardiac cells and tissue |
An understanding of the factors driving the distribution of pathogens is useful in preventing disease . Often we achieve this understanding at a local microhabitat scale; however the larger scale processes are often neglected . This can result in misleading inferences about the distribution of the pathogen , inhibiting... | Many pathogens persist in the environment , and an understanding of where they are can assist in disease control , allowing us to identify areas of risk to local human populations . Herein , we use general linear models to describe the distribution of a particular environmental pathogen , Mycobacterium ulcerans , descr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecological",
"niches",
"ecology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Topography and Land Cover of Watersheds Predicts the Distribution of the Environmental Pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans in Aquatic Insects |
The phosphoinositide-3 kinase ( PI3K ) pathway regulates diverse cellular activities related to cell growth , migration , survival , and vesicular trafficking . It is known that Ebola virus requires endocytosis to establish an infection . However , the cellular signals that mediate this uptake were unknown for Ebola vi... | Each year , filoviruses such as Ebola virus claim many human lives and decimate gorilla populations in Africa . Infection results in an acute fever often associated with profuse internal and external bleeding and death rates of up to 90% . Due to these symptoms and high pathogenicity , these viruses have been heavily p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology/antivirals,",
"including",
"modes",
"of",
"action",
"and",
"resistance",
"virology",
"virology/effects",
"of",
"virus",
"infection",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"expression",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",... | 2008 | Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase-Akt Pathway Controls Cellular Entry of Ebola Virus |
Although plasma leakage is the hallmark of severe dengue infections , the factors that cause increased vascular permeability have not been identified . As platelet activating factor ( PAF ) is associated with an increase in vascular permeability in other diseases , we set out to investigate its role in acute dengue inf... | Although plasma leakage is the hallmark of severe dengue infections , the factors that cause increased vascular permeability have not been identified . As platelet activating factor ( PAF ) is associated with an increase in vascular permeability in other diseases , we set out to investigate its role in acute dengue inf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Platelet Activating Factor Contributes to Vascular Leak in Acute Dengue Infection |
Over time , a population acquires neutral genetic substitutions as a consequence of random drift . A famous result in population genetics asserts that the rate , K , at which these substitutions accumulate in the population coincides with the mutation rate , u , at which they arise in individuals: K = u . This identity... | Evolution is driven by genetic mutations . While some mutations affect an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce , most are neutral and have no effect . Neutral mutations play an important role in the study of evolution because they generally accrue at a consistent rate over time . This result , first discovered 5... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Molecular Clock of Neutral Evolution Can Be Accelerated or Slowed by Asymmetric Spatial Structure |
Fatal Ebola virus infection is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response similar to septic shock . Ebola glycoprotein ( GP ) is involved in this process through activating dendritic cells ( DCs ) and macrophages . However , the mechanism is unclear . Here , we showed that LSECtin ( also known as CLEC4G ) plays ... | Ebola virus ( EBOV ) , a highly virulent pathogen , causes a severe hemorrhagic fever syndrome . The fatal infection is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response similar to septic shock . Ebola glycoprotein ( GP ) is thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis , as high amounts of shed GP from virus-infected ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathoge... | 2016 | The Myeloid LSECtin Is a DAP12-Coupled Receptor That Is Crucial for Inflammatory Response Induced by Ebola Virus Glycoprotein |
Clonorchis sinensis ( C . sinensis ) is considered to be an important parasitic zoonosis because it infects approximately 35 million people , while approximately 15 million were distributed in China . Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection is a major public health issue . Two types of pathogens have the potential to cause... | Clonorchiasis and hepatitis B infection are infectious diseases that affect millions of people worldwide , especially in China . These two diseases are caused by two different pathogens , C . sinensis and hepatitis B virus , respectively . Concurrent infection between HBV and C . sinensis is often observed in some area... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"innate",
"immune",
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"china",
"antiviral",
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"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
... | 2016 | Clonorchis sinensis Co-infection Could Affect the Disease State and Treatment Response of HBV Patients |
Information on crop pedigrees can be used to help maximise genetic gain in crop breeding and allow efficient management of genetic resources . We present a pedigree resource of 2 , 657 wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) genotypes originating from 38 countries , representing more than a century of breeding and variety deve... | Breeding activities undertaken in the world’s most important crop species have resulted in large increases in yield potential over the last century . Bread wheat is a key crop for both human and animal nutrition worldwide . To help inform future breeding and research activities , we have developed a pedigree resource o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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"and",
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] | [
"ecology",
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"genetics",
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"mapping",
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"science",
"crops",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"me... | 2019 | A large-scale pedigree resource of wheat reveals evidence for adaptation and selection by breeders |
The C-type lectin DC-SIGN ( CD209 ) is known to be the major dengue receptor on human dendritic cells , and a single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in the promoter region of CD209 ( −336 A/G; rs4804803 ) is susceptible to many infectious diseases . We reason that variations in the DC-SIGN gene might have a broad influ... | Dengue fever ( DF ) is an arthropod-borne disease that is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world . DC-SIGN [dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 ( ICAM-3 ) -grabbing non-integrin] is a major receptor for dengue infection . DC-SIGN , also called CD209 , expresses on dendritic cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"genetics",
"and",
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"of",
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"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"infectious",
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"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"immunology/immunity",
"... | 2011 | DC-SIGN (CD209) Promoter −336 A/G Polymorphism Is Associated with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Correlated to DC-SIGN Expression and Immune Augmentation |
Mouse sex determination provides an attractive model to study how regulatory genetic networks and signaling pathways control cell specification and cell fate decisions . This study characterizes in detail the essential role played by the insulin receptor ( INSR ) and the IGF type I receptor ( IGF1R ) in adrenogenital d... | Congenital disorders of sexual differentiation are rare diseases in which there is discordance between chromosomal , gonadal , and phenotypic sex . Unfortunately , only a minority of patients clinically diagnosed with disorders of sex development ( DSD ) obtains a molecular diagnosis , indicating that our understanding... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
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] | [
"developmental",
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"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"dna",
"transcription",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | Insulin and IGF1 Receptors Are Essential for XX and XY Gonadal Differentiation and Adrenal Development in Mice |
The orderly packing and precise arrangement of epithelial cells is essential to the functioning of many tissues , and refinement of this packing during development is a central theme in animal morphogenesis . The mechanisms that determine epithelial cell shape and position , however , remain incompletely understood . H... | Many tissues and organs , including sensory organs like the vertebrate retina and inner ear , are built from sheets of connected cells called epithelia . The precise arrangement of different types of cells within these epithelia can be essential to their function . ( For example , photoreceptor cells in eyes must be pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"neuroscience",
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"morphogenesis",
"pattern",
"formation",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"theory",
... | 2012 | Coupling Mechanical Deformations and Planar Cell Polarity to Create Regular Patterns in the Zebrafish Retina |
Zika virus infection is associated with the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome ( GBS ) , a neurological autoimmune disorder caused by immune recognition of gangliosides and other components at nerve membranes . Using a high-throughput ELISA , we have analyzed the anti-glycolipid antibody profile , including ganglio... | Zika virus infection can trigger the development of Guillain Barré syndrome ( GBS ) , a neurological autoimmune disorder mediated by antibodies recognizing gangliosides in nerve membranes . Mechanisms such as molecular mimicry have been identified as a cause for GBS development in certain infections , such as Campyloba... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
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] | [
"glycolipids",
"medicine",
"and",
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"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
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"and",
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"medicine",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"sphingolipids",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vi... | 2019 | Anti-ganglioside antibodies in patients with Zika virus infection-associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Brazil |
Morphogenetic gradients are essential to allocate cell fates in embryos of varying sizes within and across closely related species . We previously showed that the maternal NF-κB/Dorsal ( Dl ) gradient has acquired different shapes in Drosophila species , which result in unequally scaled germ layers along the dorso-vent... | Embryo size can vary greatly among closely related species . How tissue specification either scales or is modified in the developing embryo in different species is an ongoing investigation in developmental biology . Here we asked how embryo morphology and specific molecular pathways influence tissue specification by al... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"morphogens",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cell",
"fate",
"determination",
"evolutionary",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Modeling of the Dorsal Gradient across Species Reveals Interaction between Embryo Morphology and Toll Signaling Pathway during Evolution |
Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is one of the main vector borne zoonotic diseases that affects a wide range of ruminants and human beings in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula . A rapid and specific test for RVF diagnosis at the site of a suspected outbreak is crucial for the implementation of control measures . A first-line l... | Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a viral disease that affects a wide range of animals and human beings in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula involving low case fatality rates . A rapid and specific test for RVF diagnosis at the site of a suspected outbreak is crucial for the implementation of control measures . Here , we rep... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
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"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"rift",
"val... | 2019 | Development and validation of a pen side test for Rift Valley fever |
Engineered synthetic biological devices have been designed to perform a variety of functions from sensing molecules and bioremediation to energy production and biomedicine . Notwithstanding , a major limitation of in vivo circuit implementation is the constraint associated to the use of standard methodologies for circu... | Synthetic biological circuits have been built for different purposes . Nevertheless , the way these devices have been designed so far present several limitations: complex genetic engineering is required to implement complex circuits , and once the parts are built , they are not reusable . We proposed to distribute the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"and",
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"and",
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"and",
"technology",
"pathogens",
"sociology",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"light",
"microscopy",
"logic",
"circuits",
"fungi",
"model",
"org... | 2016 | Implementation of Complex Biological Logic Circuits Using Spatially Distributed Multicellular Consortia |
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