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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Through regulation of the extracellular fluid volume , the kidneys provide important long-term regulation of blood pressure . At the level of the individual functional unit ( the nephron ) , pressure and flow control involves two different mechanisms that both produce oscillations . The nephrons are arranged in a compl... | By maintaining the volume and composition of the body fluids within narrow ranges , and by producing a set of hormones that affect the blood vessels , the kidneys provide important long-term regulation of blood pressure . Disturbances of kidney function can cause hypertension , a prevalent disease in modern societies .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"renal",
"arteries",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"hemodynamics",
"arterioles",
"arteries",
"nephrons",
"kidneys",
"blood",
"vessels",
"animal",
"cells",
"biologica... | 2016 | Modeling of Kidney Hemodynamics: Probability-Based Topology of an Arterial Network |
Invadopodia are specialized membrane protrusions composed of F-actin , actin regulators , signaling proteins , and a dynamically trafficked invadopodial membrane that drive cell invasion through basement membrane ( BM ) barriers in development and cancer . Due to the challenges of studying invasion in vivo , mechanisms... | During animal development specialized cells acquire the ability move and invade into other tissues to form complex organs and structures . Understanding this cellular behavior is important medically , as cancer cells can hijack the developmental program of invasion to metastasize throughout the body . One of the most f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | A Sensitized Screen for Genes Promoting Invadopodia Function In Vivo: CDC-42 and Rab GDI-1 Direct Distinct Aspects of Invadopodia Formation |
The genus Orthopoxviridae contains a diverse group of human pathogens including monkeypox , smallpox and vaccinia . These viruses are presumed to be less dependent on host functions than other DNA viruses because they have large genomes and replicate in the cytoplasm , but a detailed understanding of the host factors r... | Orthopoxviruses bring in many of the factors they need for replication and impair the host cell by preventing the expression of host proteins . Although orthopoxviruses are less reliant on the host than some viruses , host factors are still required for infection . Here , we report results from two genome-scale approac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"host",
"cells",
"virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"dna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"viral",
"classification",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"replication"
] | 2014 | The Master Regulator of the Cellular Stress Response (HSF1) Is Critical for Orthopoxvirus Infection |
Genetic-modification strategies are currently being developed to reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases , including African trypanosomiasis . For tsetse , the vector of African trypanosomiasis , a paratransgenic strategy is being considered: this approach involves modification of the commensal symbiotic bacte... | African sleeping sickness is a fatal disease occurring in sub-Saharan Africa . The parasites that cause African sleeping sickness are transmitted between humans and livestock by the tsetse fly . Controlling the spread of the parasite by tsetse flies has been proposed as a promising strategy for reducing the incidence o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"biology",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Evaluating Paratransgenesis as a Potential Control Strategy for African Trypanosomiasis |
Giardiasis is widely acknowledged to be a neglected disease in need of new therapeutics to address toxicity and resistance issues associated with the limited available treatment options . We examined seven protein kinases in the Giardia lamblia genome that are predicted to share an unusual structural feature in their a... | The eukaryotic protozoan Giardia lamblia is the most commonly reported intestinal parasite worldwide . Current treatments used to treat giardiasis include metronidazole and other nitroimidazole derivatives . However , emergence of metronidazole-resistance strains and adverse reactions to the treatments suggest that alt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"trophozoites",
"parasite",
"groups",
"morpholino",
"rna",
"interference",
"giardia",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"nucleotides",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoans",
"cytokine... | 2016 | Identification and Validation of Small-Gatekeeper Kinases as Drug Targets in Giardia lamblia |
Plasmodium spp . and helminths are co-endemic in many parts of the tropics; hence , co-infection is a common phenomenon . Interactions between Plasmodium and helminth infections may alter the host’s immune response and susceptibility and thus impact on morbidity . There is little information on the direction and magnit... | Malaria ( due to infection with Plasmodium spp . ) and parasitic worms ( for example soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma spp . ) are common in the tropics . Hence , people are often co-infected , depending on various factors . Interactions between Plasmodium and helminth infections may alter immune response and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"splenomegaly",
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"plasmodium",
"helminths",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"anemia",
"animals",
"parasitology",
... | 2019 | Antagonistic effects of Plasmodium-helminth co-infections on malaria pathology in different population groups in Côte d’Ivoire |
Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide . In many cases , antibiotic therapy is either ineffective or not recommended due to concerns about emergence of resistance . The pathogenesis of several of the most prevalent infections , including cholera and enteroxigenic Escherichia coli , is... | Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of suffering and death in the world , particularly in tropical regions with limited health care resources . Many of the most important diarrhea-causing microbes produce toxins that activate fluid secretion in the gut . A prototype pathogen in this category is the cause of cholera , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"pathogens",
"vibrio",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"toxicology",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"solutions",
"bact... | 2018 | Neutralization of cholera toxin with nanoparticle decoys for treatment of cholera |
As pattern recognition receptor on dendritic cells ( DCs ) , DC-SIGN binds carbohydrate structures on its pathogen ligands and essentially determines host pathogen interactions because it both skews T cell responses and enhances pathogen uptake for cis infection and/or T cell trans-infection . How these processes are i... | Dendritic cells ( DCs ) bear receptors specialized on recognition of patterns specific to pathogens ( such as carbohydrates ) , which can either promote functional activation of these cells ( such as TLRs ) , which renders them capable of efficiently presenting antigens to T cells , or , as DC-SIGN , endocytic uptake a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"cell",
"biology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"cell",
"biology/me... | 2011 | DC-SIGN Mediated Sphingomyelinase-Activation and Ceramide Generation Is Essential for Enhancement of Viral Uptake in Dendritic Cells |
Tetrahydrobiopterin ( BH4 ) is a co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ) and amino acid-monooxygenases , including phenylalanine hydroxylase . BH4 is unstable: during oxidative stress it is non-enzymatically oxidized to dihydrobiopterin ( BH2 ) , which inhibits NOS . Depending on BH4 ... | Vascular nitric oxide ( NO ) bioavailability is decreased in severe falciparum malaria and associated with microvascular dysfunction and increased endothelial activation . Nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ) requires tetrahydrobiopterin ( BH4 ) as a co-factor to convert L-arginine to NO , but when BH4 is low , NOS is “uncoup... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Impaired Systemic Tetrahydrobiopterin Bioavailability and Increased Dihydrobiopterin in Adult Falciparum Malaria: Association with Disease Severity, Impaired Microvascular Function and Increased Endothelial Activation |
All three pathogenic Yersinia species share a conserved virulence plasmid that encodes a Type 3 Secretion System ( T3SS ) and its associated effector proteins . During mammalian infection , these effectors are injected into innate immune cells , where they block many bactericidal functions , including the production of... | The pathogenic members of the genus Yersinia share a conserved virulence plasmid that primarily serves to encode a Type 3 Secretion System and its associated effector proteins . During mammalian infection , these effectors are targeted toward phagocytic cells , where they neutralize a multitude of functions , including... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"dna",
"transcription",
"secretion",
"syst... | 2016 | Fis Is Essential for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence and Protects against Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Phagocytic Cells during Infection |
Inhibition of the protein-protein interaction ( PPI ) mediated by breast-cancer-gene 1 C-terminal ( BRCT ) is an attractive strategy to sensitize breast and ovarian cancers to chemotherapeutic agents that induce DNA damage . Such inhibitors could also be used for studies to understand the role of this PPI in DNA damage... | Promiscuous proteins are commonly observed in biological systems , such as modular domains that recognize phosphopeptides during signal transduction . The use of phosphopeptides and compounds with phosphate groups as inhibitors to protein–protein interactions have attracted increasing interest for years . By using atom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"chemical",
"bonding",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"phosphates",
"vibration",
"enthalpy",
"thermodynamics",
"hydrogen",
"bonding",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"entropy",
"chemistry",
"solvation",
"free",
"energy",
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical"... | 2016 | Characterization of Promiscuous Binding of Phosphor Ligands to Breast-Cancer-Gene 1 (BRCA1) C-Terminal (BRCT): Molecular Dynamics, Free Energy, Entropy and Inhibitor Design |
The human 1q21 . 1 deletion of ten genes is associated with increased risk of schizophrenia . This deletion involves the β-subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) complex , a key energy sensor in the cell . Although neurons have a high demand for energy and low capacity to store nutrients , the role of AMP... | The human 1q21 . 1 chromosomal deletion is associated with increased risk of schizophrenia . Because this deletion affects only a small number of genes , it provides a unique opportunity to identify the specific disease-causing gene ( s ) using animal models . Here , we report the use of a Drosophila model to identify ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"learning",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"sleep",
"deprivation",
"nervous",
"system",
"sleep",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"sleep",
"disorders",
"animal",
"models",
"physiological",
"processe... | 2018 | AMPK signaling linked to the schizophrenia-associated 1q21.1 deletion is required for neuronal and sleep maintenance |
Lipid droplets are ubiquitous triglyceride and sterol ester storage organelles required for energy storage homeostasis and biosynthesis . Although little is known about lipid droplet formation and regulation , it is clear that members of the PAT ( perilipin , adipocyte differentiation related protein , tail interacting... | Fat cells , and cells in general , convert fatty acids into triglycerides that are stored in droplets for future use . Despite the enormous importance of lipid droplets in obesity and other disease processes , we know very little about how lipid reserves in droplets are formed and how those reserves are drawn down . We... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Accession",
"numbers"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | COPI Complex Is a Regulator of Lipid Homeostasis |
Sequence changes in coding region and regulatory region of the gene itself ( cis ) determine most of gene expression divergence between closely related species . But gene expression divergence between yeast species is not correlated with evolution of primary nucleotide sequence . This indicates that other factors in ci... | The unique phenotype of each organism is partly determined by gene expression . Changes in gene expression are an important source of phenotypic variation , and can be caused by changes in regulatory and coding sequences of the gene itself ( cis ) and changes in regulatory factors ( trans ) . The contribution of cis re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"evolution",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Gene Expression Divergence is Coupled to Evolution of DNA Structure in Coding Regions |
One of the most important roles of cells is performing their cellular tasks properly for survival . Cells usually achieve robust functionality , for example , cell-fate decision-making and signal transduction , through multiple layers of regulation involving many genes . Despite the combinatorial complexity of gene reg... | Cells are able to robustly carry out their essential biological functions , possibly because of multiple layers of tight regulation via complex , yet well-designed , gene regulatory networks involving a substantial number of genes . State-of-the-art genomics technology has enabled the mapping of these large gene networ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"electrical",
"circuits",
"regulator",
"genes",
"gene",
"types",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"gene",
"mapping",
"gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology",
... | 2017 | Interrogating the topological robustness of gene regulatory circuits by randomization |
Protein homeostasis is critical for cellular survival and its dysregulation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) and other neurodegenerative disorders . Despite the growing appreciation of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in familial forms of AD , much less is known about the sporadic cases . Aggregates ... | The accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases . It is difficult to determine if the protein aggregates found in these diseases represent a cause or consequence of the disorder . Degradation pathways , such as the ubiquitin/proteasome system ( UPS ) , remove misfolded protein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses"
] | 2009 | Disease-Associated Mutant Ubiquitin Causes Proteasomal Impairment and Enhances the Toxicity of Protein Aggregates |
The main consequence of oxidative stress is the formation of DNA lesions , which can result in genomic instability and lead to cell death . Guanine is the base that is most susceptible to oxidation , due to its low redox potential , and 8-oxoguanine ( 8-oxoG ) is the most common lesion . These characteristics make 8-ox... | The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease , a malady endemic throughout Latin America . Studying the DNA repair machinery of this parasite could provide us with good insights about T . cruzi biology and virulence . We focused on the 8-oxoguanine ( 8-oxoG ) DNA lesion and its repair system ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"chagas",
"disease",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dna",
"dna",
"repair",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Oxidative Stress and DNA Lesions: The Role of 8-Oxoguanine Lesions in Trypanosoma cruzi Cell Viability |
Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis ( Bcbva ) is a member of the B . cereus group which carries both B . anthracis virulence plasmids , causes anthrax-like disease in various wildlife species and was described in several sub-Saharan African rainforests . Long-term monitoring of carcasses in Taï National Park , Côte d’Ivoi... | Anthrax is a deadly zoonosis , predominantly known to affect wild and domestic herbivores . It has long been assumed that the disease is exclusively caused by B . anthracis , but recently another member of the B . cereus group , Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis ( Bcbva ) , was found to carry both B . anthracis virulenc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"picric",
"acid",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"primates",
"nitrobenzenes",
"bacteri... | 2017 | Low antibody prevalence against Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, indicates high rate of lethal infections in wildlife |
The effectiveness of systemic antimonial ( sodium stibogluconate , Pentostam , SSG ) treatment versus local heat therapy ( Thermomed ) for cutaneous leishmaniasis was studied previously and showed similar healing rates . We hypothesized that different curative immune responses might develop with systemic and local trea... | Globally , leishmaniasis treatment relies on the use of antimonial drugs ( i . e . SSG ) . In an earlier study we showed that skin lesions due to L . major treated by the ThermoMed ( TM ) device healed at a similar rate and with less associated systemic toxicity than lesions treated with intravenous SSG . The current s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Immunology of a Healing Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treated with Localized Heat or Systemic Antimonial Therapy |
Chagas disease ( American trypanosomiasis ) is a zoonotic or anthropozoonotic disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . Predominantly affecting populations in poor areas of Latin America , medical care for this neglected disease is often lacking . Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders ( MSF ) has pr... | Chagas disease was discovered 100 years ago by the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas . Predominantly affecting poor populations throughout Latin America , recognition and treatment of this parasitic disease are often neglected . Since 1999 , the international medical humanitarian aid organization Médecins Sans Frontièr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health"
] | 2009 | Feasibility, Drug Safety, and Effectiveness of Etiological Treatment Programs for Chagas Disease in Honduras, Guatemala, and Bolivia: 10-Year Experience of Médecins Sans Frontières |
A number of studies published during the last 15 years showed the occurrence of insecticide resistance in Triatoma infestans populations . The different toxicological profiles and mechanisms of resistance to insecticides is due to a genetic base and environmental factors , being the insecticide selective pressure the b... | The elimination of T . infestans in wide areas of the Southern Cone countries of South America and good results in other vector control initiatives showed the high susceptibility of triatomines to pyrethroid insecticides . Despite the constant efforts of vector control , the success was not complete in several areas of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"paraguay",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"dynamics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"argentina",
"population",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"triatoma",
"agrochemicals",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"south",
"america",
"epidemiology",
... | 2016 | Distribution of Pyrethroid Resistant Populations of Triatoma infestans in the Southern Cone of South America |
The oncoproteins of the small DNA tumor viruses interact with a plethora of cellular regulators to commandeer control of the infected cell . During infection , adenovirus E1A deregulates cAMP signalling and repurposes it for activation of viral gene expression . We show that E1A structurally and functionally mimics a c... | Studies of human adenovirus ( HAdV ) , a small DNA tumor virus , illustrate the profound impact of viral proteins on multiple host functions . The multifunctional E1A proteins of HAdV are particularly adept at targeting key cellular regulators . Mechanistically , E1A alters or inhibits the normal function of the cellul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"ht1080",
"cells",
"immunoprecipitation",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"co-immunoprecipitation",
"research",
"and",
... | 2016 | Functional and Structural Mimicry of Cellular Protein Kinase A Anchoring Proteins by a Viral Oncoprotein |
Prediction of genetic merit using dense SNP genotypes can be used for estimation of breeding values for selection of livestock , crops , and forage species; for prediction of disease risk; and for forensics . The accuracy of these genomic predictions depends in part on the genetic architecture of the trait , in particu... | Prediction of future phenotypes or genetic merit using high-density SNP chips can be used for prediction of disease risk in humans , for forensics , and for selection of livestock , crops , and forage species . Key questions are how accurately these predictions can be made and on what parameters does the accuracy depen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits and Accuracy of Genomic Prediction: Coat Colour, Milk-Fat Percentage, and Type in Holstein Cattle as Contrasting Model Traits |
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ( EPEC ) , a common cause of infant diarrhea , is associated with high risk of mortality in developing countries . The primary niche of infecting EPEC is the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells . EPEC employs a type three secretion system ( TTSS ) to inject the host cells wit... | The intestine harbors a dense community of commensal bacteria that play a vital role in host health and homeostasis , but it is also the port of entry for many pathogens . An important function of the intestinal epithelial cells is coordinating the immune response to microbial signals , ranging from tolerance towards b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"protein",
"transport",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"hela",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"plasmid",
"construct... | 2017 | Epithelial cells detect functional type III secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli through a novel NF-κB signaling pathway |
To determine a molecular basis for prognostic differences in glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) , we employed a combinatorial network analysis framework to exhaustively search for molecular patterns in protein-protein interaction ( PPI ) networks . We identified a dysregulated molecular signature distinguishing short-term... | Glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults , and , while the median survival time for treated patients is approximately one year , subgroups of patients respond differently to the same treatments , with some patients showing little improvement and other patients living far l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Network Signatures of Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme |
α-Conotoxins potently inhibit isoforms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) , which are essential for neuronal and neuromuscular transmission . They are also used as neurochemical tools to study nAChR physiology and are being evaluated as drug leads to treat various neuronal disorders . A number of experimen... | Conotoxins are peptide toxins extracted from the venom of carnivorous marine cone snails . Members of the α-conotoxin subfamily potently block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) , which are involved in signal transmission between two neurons or between neurons and muscle fibers . nAChRs are important pharmaco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"protein",
"interactions",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"molecular",
"mechanics",
"neuroscience",
"toxicology",
"ion",
"channels",
"protein",
"structure",
"nicotinic",
"acetylcholine",
"receptors",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"toxin",
"binding"... | 2011 | Blockade of Neuronal α7-nAChR by α-Conotoxin ImI Explained by Computational Scanning and Energy Calculations |
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) persists in a latent state within resting CD4+ T cells of infected persons treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) . This reservoir must be eliminated for the clearance of infection . Using a cDNA library screen , we have identified methyl-CpG binding do... | Current drug therapies inhibit replication of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . In patients undergoing these therapies , the amount of HIV is reduced to an undetectable level and HIV-related disease subsides . However , stopping antiviral drug therapy results in the quick return of HIV and of disease . One rea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"initiation",
"and",
"activation",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"methylation",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesi... | 2009 | Epigenetic Regulation of HIV-1 Latency by Cytosine Methylation |
Leishmania mexicana ( Lm ) causes localized ( LCL ) and diffuse ( DCL ) cutaneous leishmaniasis . DCL patients have a poor cellular immune response leading to chronicity . It has been proposed that CD8 T lymphocytes ( CD8 ) play a crucial role in infection clearance , although the role of CD8 cytotoxicity in disease co... | Leishmania mexicana causes localized and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis . Whereas the former is a benign form the disease , diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis is a chronic disfiguring disease , for which no cure is available , and the immune cells of these patients respond poorly to the parasite . It has been proposed th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/skin",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2010 | CD8 Cells of Patients with Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Display Functional Exhaustion: The Latter Is Reversed, In Vitro, by TLR2 Agonists |
DNA replication is initiated upon binding of “initiators” to origins of replication . In simian virus 40 ( SV40 ) , the core origin contains four pentanucleotide binding sites organized as pairs of inverted repeats . Here we describe the crystal structures of the origin binding domain ( obd ) of the SV40 large T-antige... | How DNA replicates is a critical question for understanding life . DNA replication remains difficult to investigate in eukaryotes , where it involves a complex , multi-protein apparatus which initiates replication at multiple poorly-defined DNA sequences . This process is far easier to study in viral systems , where th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"oncology",
"viruses",
"biochemistry",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2007 | The Crystal Structure of the SV40 T-Antigen Origin Binding Domain in Complex with DNA |
A high particle to infectivity ratio is a feature common to many RNA viruses , with ~90–99% of particles unable to initiate a productive infection under low multiplicity conditions . A recent publication by Brooke et al . revealed that , for influenza A virus ( IAV ) , a proportion of these seemingly non-infectious par... | Since the genome of an influenza A virus has eight non-contiguous segments , two influenza A viruses can exchange genes readily when they infect the same cell . This process of reassortment is important to the evolution of the virus and is one reason why this pathogen is constantly changing . It has long been known tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Influenza Virus Reassortment Is Enhanced by Semi-infectious Particles but Can Be Suppressed by Defective Interfering Particles |
The ability to identify directional interactions that occur among multiple neurons in the brain is crucial to an understanding of how groups of neurons cooperate in order to generate specific brain functions . However , an optimal method of assessing these interactions has not been established . Granger causality has p... | Recent advances in multiple-electrode recording have made it possible to record the activities of multiple neurons simultaneously . This provides an opportunity to study how groups of neurons form functional ensembles as different brain areas perform their various functions . However , most of the methods that attempt ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems",
"mathematics/statistics",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | A Granger Causality Measure for Point Process Models of Ensemble Neural Spiking Activity |
The Fragile X-Related 1 gene ( FXR1 ) is a paralog of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 gene ( FMR1 ) , whose absence causes the Fragile X syndrome , the most common form of inherited intellectual disability . FXR1P plays an important role in normal muscle development , and its absence causes muscular abnormalities in... | Muscle development is a complex process controlled by the timely expression of genes encoding crucial regulators of the muscle cell precursors called myoblasts . We know from previous studies that inactivation of the Fragile X related 1 ( FXR1 ) gene in various animal models ( mouse , frog , and zebrafish ) causes musc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rna",
"interference",
"rna",
"stability",
"gene",
"function",
"cell",
"division",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
... | 2013 | A Novel Role for the RNA–Binding Protein FXR1P in Myoblasts Cell-Cycle Progression by Modulating p21/Cdkn1a/Cip1/Waf1 mRNA Stability |
Heme is a ligand for the human nuclear receptors ( NR ) REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ , which are transcriptional repressors that play important roles in circadian rhythm , lipid and glucose metabolism , and diseases such as diabetes , atherosclerosis , inflammation , and cancer . Here we show that transcription repression med... | Much of human biology , such as sleeping , eating , and even the prevalence of heart attacks , occurs in daily cycles . These cycles are orchestrated by a master “clock” located in the brain . The basic components of this clock are proteins that control the expression of important genes . In this study , we analyze one... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | The Structural Basis of Gas-Responsive Transcription by the Human Nuclear Hormone Receptor REV-ERBβ |
Patients with mycetoma usually present late with advanced disease , which is attributed to lack of medical and health facilities in endemic areas , poor health education and low socio-economic status . With this background , an integrated patient management model at the village level was designed to address the various... | The Mycetoma Research Centre ( MRC ) in Sudan adopted an integrated village management model in an attempt to encourage patients to present early for treatment . The model consisted of a house to house survey to detect mycetoma suspected patients and to refer them for further management , KAP , epidemiological and ecol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"mycetoma",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"fungal",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | A New Model for Management of Mycetoma in the Sudan |
Chagas disease ( CD ) profoundly affects the social and emotional dimensions of patients’ lives , and disproportionately impacts poor , marginalized populations in Latin America . Biomedical treatment for CD fails to reach up to 99% of the people affected , and in any case seldom addresses the emotional health or socio... | An estimated 99% of people with Chagas disease do not receive treatment . I interviewed 63 patients with a diagnosis of Chagas disease at a rural clinic in an endemic area of Bolivia . Only 4 had obtained biomedical treatment . Although the departmental government provided free medication for Chagas disease , this was ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"medical",
"doctors",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"health",
"care",
"providers",
"endocrine",
"disorders",
"neglect... | 2017 | "I Cannot Be Worried": Living with Chagas Disease in Tropical Bolivia |
The human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is emerging as a model organism to study RNA-mediated regulation in pathogenic bacteria . A class of non-coding RNAs called CRISPRs ( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ) has been described to confer bacterial resistance against invading bacteri... | CRISPR-Cas systems confer to bacteria and archaea an adaptive immunity that protects them against invading bacteriophages and plasmids . In this study , we characterize a CRISPR ( RliB-CRISPR ) that is present in all L . monocytogenes strains at the same genomic locus but is never associated with a cas operon . It is a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"bacterial",
"physiology",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"evolution",
"bacterial",
"biochemistry",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"g... | 2014 | A PNPase Dependent CRISPR System in Listeria |
Here , we describe the generation of a novel type of HIV entry inhibitor using the recently developed Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein ( DARPin ) technology . DARPin proteins specific for human CD4 were selected from a DARPin DNA library using ribosome display . Selected pool members interacted specifically with CD4 and... | There is an increasing need to develop inhibitors of HIV entry into target cells for both application in therapy and prevention . The development of specific HIV inhibitors as microbicides , agents that by topical application prevent infection , is considered particularly important in limiting the spread of HIV in the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/new",
"therapies,",
"including",
"antivirals",
"and",
"immunotherapy",
"virology/antivirals,",
"including",
"modes",
"of",
"action",
"and",
"resistance"
] | 2008 | CD4-Specific Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins Are Novel Potent HIV Entry Inhibitors with Unique Characteristics |
Here , we investigated the role of EhVps32 protein ( a member of the endosomal-sorting complex required for transport ) in endocytosis of Entamoeba histolytica , a professional phagocyte . Confocal microscopy , TEM and cell fractionation revealed EhVps32 in cytoplasmic vesicles and also located adjacent to the plasma m... | Trophozoites of E . histolytica represent an excellent model to study endosomal-sorting complex required for transport components due to their high endocytic activity and vesicle trafficking . The key role of EhVps32 on phagocytosis is supported by: i ) its presence on phagosomes , ii ) its interaction with EhADH ( an ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | EhVps32 Is a Vacuole-Associated Protein Involved in Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis of Entamoeaba histolytica |
Neurons in the insect antennal lobe represent odors as spatiotemporal patterns of activity that unfold over multiple time scales . As these patterns unspool they decrease the overlap between odor representations and thereby increase the ability of the olfactory system to discriminate odors . Using a realistic model of ... | The antennal lobe of insects and the olfactory bulb of vertebrates represent the first centers of the olfactory system where information about odor properties can be reorganized and optimized for further processing . Complex excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interactions within the antennal lobe and the olfactory bulb... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"olfactory",
"system",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Excitatory Local Interneurons Enhance Tuning of Sensory Information |
HIV-1 infects CD4+ T cells and completes its replication cycle in approximately 24 hours . We employed repeated measurements in a standardized cell system and rigorous mathematical modeling to characterize the emergence of the viral replication intermediates and their impact on the cellular transcriptional response wit... | Viral pathogens , such as HIV-1 , are fully dependent of the cellular machinery to complete the replication cycle . The cell offers a permissive environment , and deploys a number of antiviral defense strategies . The present work follows the process of infection of the cell with simultaneous measurements of viral repl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"statistics",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"mathematics",
"biostatistics",
"gene",
"expression",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"nonlinear",
"dynamics",
"viral",
"replication",
"differ... | 2013 | 24 Hours in the Life of HIV-1 in a T Cell Line |
As information about the world traverses the brain , the signals exchanged between neurons are passed and modulated by synapses , or specialized contacts between neurons . While neurotransmitter-based synapses tend to exert either excitatory or inhibitory pulses of influence on the postsynaptic neuron , electrical syna... | The roles that electrical synapses play in neural oscillations , network synchronization and rhythmicity are well established , but their roles in neuronal processing of transient inputs are much less understood . Here , we used computational models of canonical feedforward circuits and networks to investigate how elec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"electrical",
"circuits",
"membrane",
"potential",
"junctional",
"complexes",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"network",
"a... | 2019 | Electrical synapses regulate both subthreshold integration and population activity of principal cells in response to transient inputs within canonical feedforward circuits |
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever are diseases affecting approximately 100 million people/year and are a major concern in developing countries . In the present study , the phylogenetic relationship of six strains of the first autochthonous cases of DENV-4 infection occurred in Sao Paulo State , Parana State and... | Dengue virus infections are a major concern in developing countries , affecting approximately 100 million people/year . The virus has four immunologically related serotypes ( DENV-1 , DENV-2 , DENV-3 and DENV-4 ) associated with human disease . The virus is widespread in tropical and Sub-Tropical areas of Asia , Africa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequence",
"analysis",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"evolution"
] | 2011 | Dengue Virus Type 4 Phylogenetics in Brazil 2011: Looking beyond the Veil |
A protein at equilibrium is commonly thought of as a fully relaxed structure , with the intra-molecular interactions showing fluctuations around their energy minimum . In contrast , here we find direct evidence for a protein as a molecular tensegrity structure , comprising a balance of tensed and compressed interaction... | A tensegrity structure is one composed of members that are permanently under either tension or compression , and the balance of these tensile and compressive forces provides the structure with its mechanical stability . Macroscale tensegrity structures , which include Buckminster Fuller's geodesic domes , achieve excep... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"physics",
"materials",
"science",
"nanomaterials",
"materials",
"physics",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"biomaterials",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics",
"computational",
"biology",
"material",
"by",
"attribute"
] | 2012 | Dynamic Prestress in a Globular Protein |
This study investigated the efficacy of two collars for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations . Additionally the effect of these collars on the incidence of Leishmania infantum infection as compared with a group of vaccinated dogs was evaluated . A total of 224 young dogs from private animal shelters were e... | Dogs are exposed to ectoparasites ( e . g . ticks and fleas ) and associated vector-borne infections . Among others , Leishmania infantum is a widespread protozoan of public health concern transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies . The prevention of canine leishmaniosis has become a priority in many endemic areas and it ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cytology",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"dogs",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"mammals",
"parasitology",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"ectop... | 2016 | Field Evaluation of Two Different Treatment Approaches and Their Ability to Control Fleas and Prevent Canine Leishmaniosis in a Highly Endemic Area |
The stringent response is characterized by ( p ) ppGpp synthesis resulting in repression of translation and reprogramming of the transcriptome . In Staphylococcus aureus , ( p ) ppGpp is synthesized by the long RSH ( RelA/SpoT homolog ) enzyme , RelSau or by one of the two short synthetases ( RelP , RelQ ) . RSH enzyme... | The stringent response is a general stress response , which allows bacteria to survive nutrient limited conditions and to better tolerate antibiotic treatment . In the human pathogen , Staphylococcus aureus , the stringent response plays an important role for virulence , phagosomal escape and antibiotic tolerance . The... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"purification",
"techniques",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"dna",
"construction"... | 2018 | Regulation of the opposing (p)ppGpp synthetase and hydrolase activities in a bifunctional RelA/SpoT homologue from Staphylococcus aureus |
Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase is a peroxisomal enzyme , of which various missense mutations lead to irreversible kidney damage via primary hyperoxaluria type 1 , in part caused by improper peroxisomal targeting . To unravel the molecular mechanism of its recognition by the peroxisomal receptor Pex5p , we have det... | Peroxisomes are cell organelles contain proteins involved in various aspects of metabolism . Peroxisome proteins translocate from their site of synthesis in the cytoplasm across the organelle membrane in a fully folded and functional form . One such protein is the enzyme alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase ( AGT ) . It... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"medicine",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"enzymes",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"gene",
"function",
"biocatalysis",
"protein",
"folding",
"mitochondrial",
"diseases",
"chromosomal",
"disorders",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology"... | 2012 | Molecular Requirements for Peroxisomal Targeting of Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase as an Essential Determinant in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 |
Mechanisms that enable injury responses to prompt regenerative outgrowth are not well understood . Planarians can regenerate essentially any tissue removed by wounding , even after decapitation , due to robust regulation of adult pluripotent stem cells of the neoblast population . Formation of pole signaling centers in... | Some animals are capable of regenerating organs damaged or removed by injury , and this ability likely requires precise control of secreted proteins that promote growth . Planarians are flatworms that can regenerate any missing tissues by regulating the activity of adult stem cells that can produce any specialized cell... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"stem",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"regeneration",
"molecular",
"development",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"types",
"morphoge... | 2014 | zic-1 Expression in Planarian Neoblasts after Injury Controls Anterior Pole Regeneration |
Adenoviral replication depends on viral as well as cellular proteins . However , little is known about cellular proteins promoting adenoviral replication . In our screens to identify such proteins , we discovered a cellular component of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway interacting with the central regulator of adenovir... | Adenoviral infections can result in severe outcomes leading to mortality especially in children undergoing immunosuppressive therapies . Unfortunately , no specific anti-adenoviral treatments are available to treat disseminated adenoviral infections . We have set out to identify host factors promoting adenoviral growth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | A Ubiquitin-specific Protease Possesses a Decisive Role for Adenovirus Replication and Oncogene-mediated Transformation |
Many enteropathogenic bacteria target the mammalian gut . The mechanisms protecting the host from infection are poorly understood . We have studied the protective functions of secretory antibodies ( sIgA ) and the microbiota , using a mouse model for S . typhimurium diarrhea . This pathogen is a common cause of diarrhe... | Numerous pathogens infect the gut . Protection against these infections is mediated by mucosal immune defenses including secreted IgA as well as by the competing intestinal microbiota . However , so far the relative importance of these two different defense mechanisms remains unclear . We addressed this question using ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infections"
] | 2010 | The Microbiota Mediates Pathogen Clearance from the Gut Lumen after Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Diarrhea |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a severe vector-born disease of humans and dogs caused by Leishmania donovani complex parasites . Approximately 0 . 2 to 0 . 4 million new human VL cases occur annually worldwide . In the new world , these alarming numbers are primarily due to the impracticality of current control metho... | Human visceral leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality , constituting an important global health problem . Absence of safe and cost effective anti-leishmanial drugs , together with emergence of drug resistance and HIV co-infection have posed a serious challenge to the disease containment . Given the ur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunity",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization"
] | 2014 | Clinical and Parasitological Protection in a Leishmania infantum-Macaque Model Vaccinated with Adenovirus and the Recombinant A2 Antigen |
The genetics underlying the autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) is complex and remains poorly understood . Previous work has demonstrated an important role for structural variation in a subset of cases , but has lacked the resolution necessary to move beyond detection of large regions of potential interest to identifica... | Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are common neurodevelopmental syndromes with a strong genetic component . ASDs are characterized by disturbances in social behavior , impaired verbal and nonverbal communication , as well as repetitive behaviors and/or a restricted range of interests . To identify genes likely to cont... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease"
] | 2009 | Genome-Wide Analyses of Exonic Copy Number Variants in a Family-Based Study Point to Novel Autism Susceptibility Genes |
The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies reporting the frequency of neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) worldwide . PubMed , Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau ( CAB ) abstracts and 23 international databases were systematically searched for articles published from January 1 , 1990 to June 1 , 2008... | Neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) is a parasitic infection of the brain caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium , which infects humans and pigs . There have been increasing case reports and epidemiological studies on this disease , but its global frequency has never been determined , partly due to the fact that blood tests are n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"neurological",
"disorders/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epid... | 2010 | A Systematic Review of the Frequency of Neurocyticercosis with a Focus on People with Epilepsy |
The teratogenic mechanisms triggered by ZIKV are still obscure due to the lack of a suitable animal model . Here we present a mouse model of developmental disruption induced by ZIKV hematogenic infection . The model utilizes immunocompetent animals from wild-type FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J strains , providing a better analogy... | Previously thought to produce a harmless bout of fever associated with skin rash and muscle , or joint pain , the Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is an important cause of morbidity/mortality to human embryos/fetuses . Different from other models , here we report data from wild-type immunocompetent mice , rather than transgenic ani... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"animal",
"mode... | 2017 | Hydrocephalus and arthrogryposis in an immunocompetent mouse model of ZIKA teratogeny: A developmental study |
Acute pyelonephritis ( APN ) , which is mainly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli ( UPEC ) , is the most common bacterial complication in renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive treatment . However , it remains unclear how immunosuppressive drugs , such as the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A ... | Patients who have received a kidney graft are treated with immunosuppressive drugs , such as the cyclosporine A ( CsA ) . Transplanted patients under CsA are prone to bacterial infections . In this study , we used an experimental mouse model of kidney infection with Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) bacteria to study the e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"renal",
"transplantation",
"immune",
"defense",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"gram",
"negative",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"nephrology"
] | 2013 | Cyclosporine A Impairs Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain (Nod1)-Mediated Innate Antibacterial Renal Defenses in Mice and Human Transplant Recipients |
Few drugs are available for soil-transmitted helminthiasis ( STH ) ; the benzimidazoles albendazole and mebendazole are the only drugs being used for preventive chemotherapy as they can be given in one single dose with no weight adjustment . While generally safe and effective in reducing intensity of infection , they a... | There are few drugs - none ideal - for the treatment and control of gastrointestinal helminths ( soil-transmitted nematodes ) which , as chronic infections jeopardize children's growth , learning and ultimately individual , community and country development . Drugs for helminths are not attractive in human medicine , b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"soil-transmitted",
"helminths",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Potential Drug Development Candidates for Human Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases |
Anthrax poses a community health risk due to accidental or intentional aerosol release . Reliable quantitative dose-response analyses are required to estimate the magnitude and timeline of potential consequences and the effect of public health intervention strategies under specific scenarios . Analyses of available dat... | Anthrax poses a potential community health risk due to accidental or intentional aerosol release . We address the need for a transparent and defensible quantitative dose-response model for inhalational anthrax that is useful for risk assessors in estimating the magnitude and timeline of potential public health conseque... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"anthrax",
"population",
"modeling",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Quantitative Models of the Dose-Response and Time Course of Inhalational Anthrax in Humans |
When neurons fire action potentials , dissipation of free energy is usually not directly considered , because the change in free energy is often negligible compared to the immense reservoir stored in neural transmembrane ion gradients and the long–term energy requirements are met through chemical energy , i . e . , met... | Theoretical neuroscience complements experimental and clinical neuroscience . Simulations and analytical insights help to interpret data and guide our principal understanding of the nervous systems in both health and disease . The Hodgkin—Huxley–formulation of action potentials is certainly one of the most successful m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neurology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Bistable Dynamics Underlying Excitability of Ion Homeostasis in Neuron Models |
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease ( LOAD ) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly . The National Institute of Aging-Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study and the National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease conducted a joint genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) of multiplex LOAD families ( 3 , 839 ... | Genetic factors are well-established to play a role in risk of Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) . However , it has been difficult to find genes that are involved in AD susceptibility , other than a small number of genes that play a role in early-onset , high-penetrant disease risk , and the APOE ε4 allele , which increases r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders/alzheimer",
"disease",
"neurological",
"disorders/cognitive",
"neurology",
"and",
"dementia",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genome",
"projects",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genet... | 2011 | Genome-Wide Association of Familial Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Replicates BIN1 and CLU and Nominates CUGBP2 in Interaction with APOE |
Iron has an integral role in numerous cellular reactions and is required by virtually all organisms . In physiological conditions , iron is abundant in a largely insoluble ferric state . Ferric reductases are an essential component of iron uptake by cells , reducing iron to the soluble ferrous form . Cytochromes b561 (... | Parasites acquire their food from their hosts , either by feeding directly on tissues of the host , or by competing for ingested food . Adult schistosomes live within the vasculature of humans and rely on the blood cells and plasma they ingest and dissolved solutes they derive across their body surface , the tegument ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | A Cytochrome b561 with Ferric Reductase Activity from the Parasitic Blood Fluke, Schistosoma japonicum |
Elevated IL-10 has been shown to be associated with severe dengue infection ( DI ) . We proceeded to investigate the role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of acute DI . Ex vivo and cultured IFNγ ELISpot assays for dengue virus ( DENV ) NS3 protein and non dengue viral proteins were carried out in 26 patients with acute DI ... | Dengue viral infections have become one of the most important mosquito borne viral infections in the world and are one of the major emerging infectious diseases . The occurrence of dengue haemorrhagic fever is thought to result from a complex interplay between the virus , host genetics and host immune factors . Patient... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"dengue",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Suppression of Virus Specific Immune Responses by IL-10 in Acute Dengue Infection |
Position-dependent cell fate determination and pattern formation are unique aspects of the development of plant structures . The establishment of single-celled leaf hairs ( trichomes ) from pluripotent epidermal ( protodermal ) cells in Arabidopsis provides a powerful system to determine the gene regulatory networks in... | The establishment of single-celled leaf hairs ( trichomes ) from pluripotent epidermal ( protodermal ) cells provides a powerful system to determine the gene regulatory networks involved in plant cell fate determination . Two transcription factors—GL1 and GL3—have been associated with the initiation of trichome formati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",... | 2009 | A Systems Approach Reveals Regulatory Circuitry for Arabidopsis Trichome Initiation by the GL3 and GL1 Selectors |
Correlation patterns in multiple sequence alignments of homologous proteins can be exploited to infer information on the three-dimensional structure of their members . The typical pipeline to address this task , which we in this paper refer to as the three dimensions of contact prediction , is to ( i ) filter and align... | Proteins are large molecules that living cells make by stringing together building blocks called amino acids or peptides , following their blue-prints in the DNA . Freshly made proteins are typically long , structure-less chains of peptides , but shortly afterwards most of them fold into characteristic structures . Pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"protein",
"structure",
"prediction",
"proteins",
"mathematical",
"and",
"statistical",
"techniques",
"protein",
"structure",
"statistical",
"methods",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences"... | 2014 | Improving Contact Prediction along Three Dimensions |
In endemic areas , leptospirosis is more common and more severe in adults compared with children . Reasons to explain this discrepancy remain unclear and limited data focusing on adolescents are available . The objective of the study was to describe disease spectrum and outcome differences in children and adolescents a... | Leptospirosis is endemic in tropical areas and seems to affect adults more often and more severely than children . Factors responsible for such differences have not been clearly established . However , host-related factors are believed to play a role in the development of severe leptospirosis . The study aimed to descr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Association between Age and Severity to Leptospirosis in Children |
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) manifests as an acute form caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense ( Tbr ) and a chronic form caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense ( Tbg ) . Previous studies have suggested a host genetic role in infection outcomes , particularly for APOL1 . We have undertaken candidate gene ass... | Human African Trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) occurs in two distinct disease forms; the acute form and the chronic form which are caused by microscopically indistinguishable hemo-parasites , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense respectively . Uganda is the only country where both forms of the disease... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"uganda",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"neuroscience",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"c... | 2018 | No evidence for association between APOL1 kidney disease risk alleles and Human African Trypanosomiasis in two Ugandan populations |
RbgA is an essential GTPase that participates in the assembly of the large ribosomal subunit in Bacillus subtilis and its homologs are implicated in mitochondrial and eukaryotic large subunit assembly . How RbgA functions in this process is still poorly understood . To gain insight into the function of RbgA we isolated... | Ribosomes are complex macromolecular machines that carry out the essential function of protein synthesis in the cell . The assembly of ribosomal subunits is a multistep process that involves the accurate and timely assembly of 3 rRNA molecules and>50 ribosomal-proteins . In recent years many ribosome assembly factors h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Functional Interaction between Ribosomal Protein L6 and RbgA during Ribosome Assembly |
DNA methylation is an ancient molecular modification found in most eukaryotes . In plants , DNA methylation is not only critical for transcriptionally silencing transposons , but can also affect phenotype by altering expression of protein coding genes . The extent of its contribution to phenotypic diversity over evolut... | DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that has received a great deal of attention in plants because it can be stably transmitted across generations . However , the rate of DNA methylation change , or epimutation , is greater than that of DNA mutation . In addition , different from DNA sequence , DNA methylation can var... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"biochemistry",
"genome",
"evolution",
"plant",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"dna",
"computational",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"epigenomics",
"plant",
"biotechnology",
"dna",
"methylation... | 2014 | Evolution of DNA Methylation Patterns in the Brassicaceae is Driven by Differences in Genome Organization |
Human disease is heterogeneous , with similar disease phenotypes resulting from distinct combinations of genetic and environmental factors . Small-molecule profiling can address disease heterogeneity by evaluating the underlying biologic state of individuals through non-invasive interrogation of plasma metabolite level... | Human disease is complex , arising from the interaction of many genetic and environmental factors . Efforts to personalize treatment have been thwarted by “phenotypic heterogeneity” , the apparent similarity of disease states with diverse underlying causes . One approach to resolve this heterogeneity is to redefine dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology/endocrinology",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/type",
"2",
"diabetes"
] | 2010 | Interpreting Metabolomic Profiles using Unbiased Pathway Models |
Conserved moieties are groups of atoms that remain intact in all reactions of a metabolic network . Identification of conserved moieties gives insight into the structure and function of metabolic networks and facilitates metabolic modelling . All moiety conservation relations can be represented as nonnegative integer v... | Conserved moieties are transferred between metabolites in internal reactions of a metabolic network but are not synthesised , degraded or exchanged with the environment . The total amount of a conserved moiety in the metabolic network is therefore constant over time . Metabolites that share a conserved moiety have inte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Theoretical",
"Framework",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"oxygen",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"metabolites",
"algebra",
"network",
"analysis",
"carbon",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"cell",
... | 2016 | Identification of Conserved Moieties in Metabolic Networks by Graph Theoretical Analysis of Atom Transition Networks |
Schistosomes are dioecious parasitic flatworms , which live in the vasculature of their mammalian definitive hosts . They are the causative agent of schistosomiasis , a disease of considerable medical and veterinary importance in tropical and subtropical regions . Schistosomes undergo a sexual reproductive stage within... | Schistosome blood flukes are transmitted through water contact and cause a severe debilitating disease in humans and their livestock . Understanding the biology and epidemiology of these parasites is essential to enable the development of better control strategies in endemic areas . Several species of schistosome exist... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"zoology",
"parasitology"
] | 2013 | Introgressive Hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium Group Species in Senegal: Species Barrier Break Down between Ruminant and Human Schistosomes |
Host defence against infection requires a range of innate and adaptive immune responses that may lead to tissue damage . Such immune-mediated pathologies can be controlled with appropriate T regulatory ( Treg ) activity . The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of gut microbiota composition on Treg ... | The normal response to infection is rapid and effective clearance of pathogenic microbes . However , this immune response may occasionally cause collateral inflammatory damage to host tissue and in severe cases , such as systemic sepsis , results in organ failure . Various cellular mechanisms , including regulatory T c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infectio... | 2008 | Commensal-Induced Regulatory T Cells Mediate Protection against Pathogen-Stimulated NF-κB Activation |
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome ( SFTS ) is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate and high frequency of person-to-person transmission and is caused by SFTSV , a tick-borne Phlebovirus . Because SFTS has similar clinical manifestations and epidemic characters ( such as spatial and tem... | SFTS were clinically misdiagnosed as HFRS . It could cause particular concern in China . Physicians could not rely heavily on the exposure history . Both SFTS and HFRS patients are treated based on the clinical diagnosis in China . Laboratory confirmation of both diseases is not performed in clinical hospitals and the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"viruses",
"research",
"design",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"with",
"renal",
"syndrome",
... | 2019 | Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome can masquerade as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome |
Investigations of human parasitic diseases depend on the availability of appropriate in vivo animal models and ex vivo experimental systems , and are particularly difficult for pathogens whose exclusive natural hosts are humans , such as Entamoeba histolytica , the protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis . This c... | The study of liver infection is based on animal models , but the animal physiology does not always reflect the reality of the human host . This is particularly true for pathogens whose exclusive natural hosts are humans , such as Entamoeba histolytica , the protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis . Here , we cons... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"cell",
"physiology",
"cell",
"motility",
"liver",
"tissue",
"engineering",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"protozoans",
"bioengineering",
"extracellular",
"space",
"cell",
"adhesion",
"entamo... | 2014 | A New Human 3D-Liver Model Unravels the Role of Galectins in Liver Infection by the Parasite Entamoeba histolytica |
Recognition of conserved bacterial components provides immediate and efficient immune responses and plays a critical role in triggering antigen-specific adaptive immunity . To date , most microbial components that are detected by host innate immune system are non-proteinaceous structural components . In order to identi... | Innate immune responses are the first line of defense and involve the early recognition of pathogenic microorganisms . Furthermore , these early innate responses can help shape and influence the development of more specific adaptive immune responses . One way that innate immunity is triggered is by activation of TLRs ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Vibrio cholerae Proteome-Wide Screen for Immunostimulatory Proteins Identifies Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase as a Novel Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonist |
Sensory experience elicits complex activity patterns throughout the neocortex . Projections from the neocortex converge onto the medial temporal lobe ( MTL ) , in which distributed neocortical firing patterns are distilled into sparse representations . The precise nature of these neuronal representations is still unkno... | What is the neuronal code for sensory experience in the human medial temporal lobe ( MTL ) ? Single-cell electrophysiology in the awake human brain during chronic , invasive epilepsy monitoring has previously revealed the existence of so-called concept cells . These cells have been found to increase their firing rate i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"linguistics",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognition",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"memory",
"neuronal",
"tuning",
"animal",
"cells",
"amygdala",
"false",
"memories",
"cellula... | 2019 | Representation of abstract semantic knowledge in populations of human single neurons in the medial temporal lobe |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) remains a grave threat to world health with emerging drug resistant strains . One prominent feature of Mtb infection is the extensive reprogramming of host tissue at the site of infection . Here we report that inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) activity by a panel of small... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) continues to be the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide , leading to 1 . 8 million deaths in 2015 . The long treatment required ( 6–9 months ) , with all of its incumbent problems , can promote the emergence of multidrug-resistant ( MDR ) TB strains , so st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"granulomas",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"collagens",
"animal",
"models",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"pharmaceutics",
"experimental",
"organism",
"syste... | 2018 | Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors enhance the efficacy of frontline drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Community mass treatment with 30mg/kg azithromycin is central to the new WHO strategy for eradicating yaws . Both yaws and trachoma— which is earmarked for elimination by 2020 using a strategy that includes mass treatment with 20mg/kg azithromycin—are endemic in the Pacific , raising the possibility of an integrated ap... | Yaws is a bacterial infection closely related to syphilis . The WHO has launched a worldwide campaign to eradicate yaws by 2020 . This strategy relies on mass treatment of the whole community with the antibiotic azithromycin . Mass treatment with the same antibiotic is also recommended by WHO to treat the eye condition... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Impact of Community Mass Treatment with Azithromycin for Trachoma Elimination on the Prevalence of Yaws |
The Human T lymphotropic virus type-1 ( HTLV-1 ) infects predominantly T cells , inducing proliferation and lymphocyte activation . Additionally , HTLV-1 infected subjects are more susceptible to other infections caused by other intracellular agents . Monocytes/macrophages are important cells in the defense against int... | HTLV-1 predominantly infects T cells , inducing cell proliferation and activation . While there is a larger amount of studies regarding T cells functions in HTLV-1 infected subjects , little is known about innate immunity . We evaluated monocyte and macrophage functions in HTLV-1 infected subjects . We observed that HA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"rna",
... | 2014 | Functional Activity of Monocytes and Macrophages in HTLV-1 Infected Subjects |
A full understanding of gene regulation requires an understanding of the contributions that the various regulatory regions have on gene expression . Although it is well established that sequences downstream of the main promoter can affect expression , our understanding of the scale of this effect and how it is encoded ... | A basic question in gene expression is the relative contribution of different regulatory layers and genomic regions to the differences in protein levels . In this work we concentrated on the effect of 3′ end sequences . For this , we constructed a library of yeast strains that differ only by a native 3′ end region inte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genomics",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Measurements of the Impact of 3′ End Sequences on Gene Expression Reveal Wide Range and Sequence Dependent Effects |
Cameroon achieved the elimination target of leprosy in 2000 , and has maintained this status ever since . However , a number of health districts in the country continue to report significant numbers of leprosy cases . The aim of this study was to assess the burden of leprosy in Cameroon from 2000 to 2014 . We obtained ... | Cameroon achieved the elimination of leprosy in 2000 , however , a number of areas in the country continue to report high numbers of cases . We conducted this study to assess the burden of leprosy in Cameroon from 2000 to 2014 . We obtained and analysed leprosy data for this period from the National Control Programme .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"disabilities",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"pediatrics",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"global",
"health",
"negle... | 2016 | The Burden of Leprosy in Cameroon: Fifteen Years into the Post-elimination Era |
The effective size of populations ( Ne ) determines whether selection or genetic drift is the predominant force shaping their genetic structure and evolution . Populations having high Ne adapt faster , as selection acts more intensely , than populations having low Ne , where random effects of genetic drift dominate . E... | Short generation times and high mutation rates are the hallmarks of virus . They favor their fast adaptation as illustrated by their ability to overcome natural as well as man-made barriers such as host resistance or drug treatments . However , such a fast adaptation could be slowed down when genetic drift , which intr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2014 | Narrow Bottlenecks Affect Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus Populations during Vertical Seed Transmission but not during Leaf Colonization |
While genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have primarily examined populations of European ancestry , more recent studies often involve additional populations , including admixed populations such as African Americans and Latinos . In admixed populations , linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) exists both at a fine scale in... | This paper presents improved methodologies for the analysis of genome-wide association studies in admixed populations , which are populations that came about by the mixing of two or more distant continental populations over a few hundred years ( e . g . , African Americans or Latinos ) . Studies of admixed populations ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"mathematics/statistics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"gene... | 2011 | Enhanced Statistical Tests for GWAS in Admixed Populations: Assessment using African Americans from CARe and a Breast Cancer Consortium |
Our knowledge and control of the pathogenesis induced by the filariae remain limited due to experimental obstacles presented by parasitic nematode biology and the lack of selective prophylactic or curative drugs . Here we thought to investigate the role of neutrophils in the host innate immune response to the infection... | Filariases are chronic debilitating diseases caused by parasitic nematodes affecting more than 150 million people worldwide . None of the current drugs are selective , neither able to eliminate the parasites nor to prevent new infections once the drug pressure has waned . Therefore , blocking the entry and the migratio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"cloning",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"nematode",
"infections",
"developmental",
"biology",
"skin",
"infections",
"mole... | 2016 | Neutropenic Mice Provide Insight into the Role of Skin-Infiltrating Neutrophils in the Host Protective Immunity against Filarial Infective Larvae |
The impact of exposure to multiple pathogens concurrently or consecutively on immune function is unclear . Here , immune responses induced by combinations of the bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium ( STm ) and the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis ( Nb ) , which causes a murine hookworm infection and an experimental p... | Vaccination studies in animal models have focused on understanding responses in young , previously naïve mice . In reality , humans are vaccinated or respond to infection in the context of a life-time of accumulated exposure to multiple , systemic infections and other vaccines , some of which are themselves attenuated ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization"
] | 2014 | Natural and Vaccine-Mediated Immunity to Salmonella Typhimurium is Impaired by the Helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis |
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ( KIR ) genes and their human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) ligands in the susceptibility of chronic Chagas disease . This case-control study enrolled 131 serologically-diagnosed Chagas disease patients ( 59 men and 72 women ... | Chagas disease is an infection caused by the haemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi . It is one of the most important public health problems in Latin America , and was first described by Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro das Chagas , a Brazilian physician and scientist , in 1909 . It is mostly vector-borne transmitted to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors and Their HLA Ligands are Related with the Immunopathology of Chagas Disease |
Cell differentiation in multicellular organisms has the obvious function during development of creating new cell types . However , in long-lived organisms with extensive cell turnover , cell differentiation often continues after new cell types are no longer needed or produced . Here , we address the question of why thi... | Darwinian natural selection and evolution is usually studied in populations of organisms . However , it is possible , in principle , in any population of cells , including the population of cells that constitutes a multicellular animal . Such “somatic” evolution among cells within an organism tends to reduce their coop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"non-clinical",
"medicine",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Animal Cell Differentiation Patterns Suppress Somatic Evolution |
Avoiding collisions is one of the most basic needs of any mobile agent , both biological and technical , when searching around or aiming toward a goal . We propose a model of collision avoidance inspired by behavioral experiments on insects and by properties of optic flow on a spherical eye experienced during translati... | The number of robots in our surroundings is increasing continually . They are used to rescue humans , inspect hazardous terrain or clean our homes . Over the past few decades , they have become more autonomous , safer and cheaper to build . Every autonomous robot needs to navigate in sometimes complex environments with... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Bio-inspired Collision Avoidance Model Based on Spatial Information Derived from Motion Detectors Leads to Common Routes |
Epistasis is a key concept in the theory of adaptation . Indicators of epistasis are of interest for large systems where systematic fitness measurements may not be possible . Some recent approaches depend on information theory . We show that considering shared entropy for pairs of loci can be misleading . The reason is... | Some recent approaches for identifying epistasis from sequence data depend on information theory . We show that considering shared entropy for pairs of loci can be misleading . The reason is that shared entropy does not imply epistasis for the pair . This observation holds true also in the absence of higher order epist... | [
"Abstract",
"On",
"Recent",
"Approaches",
"to",
"Entropy",
"and",
"Epistasis"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"epistasis",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"viruses",
"mutation",
"substitution",
"mutation",
"rna",
"viruses",
"pharmacology",
"thermodynami... | 2016 | Epistasis and Entropy |
Two-component systems constitute phosphotransfer signaling pathways and enable adaptation to environmental changes , an essential feature for bacterial survival . The general stress response ( GSR ) in the plant-protecting alphaproteobacterium Sphingomonas melonis Fr1 involves a two-component system consisting of multi... | The general stress response ( GSR ) in alphaproteobacteria represents an essential feature for survival in stressful , constantly changing habitats . A variety of stresses are sensed by GSR-activating histidine kinases and lead to multiple stress resistance via the response regulator PhyR . Here , we describe the essen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"phosphatases",
"regulator",
"genes",
"basic",
"amino",
"acids",
"amino",
"acids",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"gene",
... | 2018 | Phosphorelay through the bifunctional phosphotransferase PhyT controls the general stress response in an alphaproteobacterium |
Microbial communities in animal guts are composed of diverse , specialized bacterial species , but little is known about how gut bacteria diversify to produce genetically and ecologically distinct entities . The gut microbiota of the honey bee , Apis mellifera , presents a useful model , because it consists of a small ... | Gut microbial communities are often complex , consisting of bacteria from divergent phyla as well as multiple strains of each of the constituent species . But because the composition of these communities is typically assessed using 16S rRNA analyses , little is known about genomic changes associated with in situ divers... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"genome",
"evolution",
"ecology",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"evolution",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"pop... | 2014 | Hidden Diversity in Honey Bee Gut Symbionts Detected by Single-Cell Genomics |
Productive infection of human parvovirus B19 ( B19V ) exhibits high tropism for burst forming unit erythroid ( BFU-E ) and colony forming unit erythroid ( CFU-E ) progenitor cells in human bone marrow and fetal liver . This exclusive restriction of the virus replication to human erythroid progenitor cells is partly due... | Human parvovirus B19 ( B19V ) infection can cause severe hematological disorders , a direct consequence of the death of infected human erythroid progenitor cells ( EPCs ) of the bone marrow and fetal liver . B19V replicates autonomously in human EPCs , and the erythropoietin ( EPO ) and EPO-receptor ( EPO-R ) signaling... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"electrophoretic",
"mobility",
"shift",
"assay",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"replication",
"immunoprecipitation",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"antibodies",
"microb... | 2017 | Phosphorylated STAT5 directly facilitates parvovirus B19 DNA replication in human erythroid progenitors through interaction with the MCM complex |
Nuclear hormone receptors respond to small molecules such as retinoids or steroids and regulate development . Signaling in the conserved p38/PMK-1 MAP kinase pathway regulates innate immunity . In this study , we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear receptor DAF-12 negatively regulates the defense against patho... | When infected by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans invokes an innate immune response that protects the worm from pathogenic attack . The appropriate level of immune response in C . elegans requires the accurate regulation of multiple signal pathways , especially signals of repression , wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Nuclear Hormone Receptor Regulation of MicroRNAs Controls Innate Immune Responses in C. elegans |
Understanding the functional relevance of DNA variants is essential for all exome and genome sequencing projects . However , current mutagenesis cloning protocols require Sanger sequencing , and thus are prohibitively costly and labor-intensive . We describe a massively-parallel site-directed mutagenesis approach , “Cl... | With rapid advances in sequencing technologies , tens of millions of DNA variants have now been discovered in the human population . However , there are currently no experimental methods available for examining the impact of DNA variants in a high-throughput fashion . As a result , we have no functional data on the vas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mutagenesis",
"functional",
"genomics",
"mutagens",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"genomics"
] | 2014 | A Massively Parallel Pipeline to Clone DNA Variants and Examine Molecular Phenotypes of Human Disease Mutations |
The causative mutation responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1F ( LGMD1F ) is one heterozygous single nucleotide deletion in the stop codon of the nuclear import factor Transportin 3 gene ( TNPO3 ) . This mutation causes a carboxy-terminal extension of 15 amino acids , producing a protein of unknown function (... | TNPO3 has been described as a key factor in the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV-1 ) , the causative agent of AIDS . In 2013 , a relationship between a genetic defect in TNPO3 gene and a rare muscle disease named Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 1F ( LGMD1F ) , with an autosomal dominant transmission ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"nuclear",
"import",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"european",
"union",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"geographical",... | 2019 | The mutation of Transportin 3 gene that causes limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1F induces protection against HIV-1 infection |
Although Plasmodium vivax is a leading cause of malaria around the world , only a handful of vivax antigens are being studied for vaccine development . Here , we investigated genetic signatures of selection and geospatial genetic diversity of two leading vivax vaccine antigens – Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface prote... | Plasmodium vivax causes tens of millions of malaria cases each year . Although some vaccines against P . vivax are being developed , little is known about the geospatial genetic diversity and selective constraints of the parasite surface antigens that these vaccines target . In order to create vaccines that are both ef... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"invertebrates",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"p... | 2014 | Differing Patterns of Selection and Geospatial Genetic Diversity within Two Leading Plasmodium vivax Candidate Vaccine Antigens |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) is a positive-strand RNA virus replicating in a membranous replication organelle composed primarily of double-membrane vesicles ( DMVs ) having morphological resemblance to autophagosomes . To define the mechanism of DMV formation and the possible link to autophagy , we conducted a yeast two-h... | All positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in distinct membrane-associated compartments designated replication organelles . The compartmentalization of viral replication machinery allows the enrichment and coordination of cellular and viral factors required for RNA replication and the evasion from innate h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"cell",
"death",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"hepacivirus",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
... | 2019 | RACK1 mediates rewiring of intracellular networks induced by hepatitis C virus infection |
Plants utilize proteins containing nucleotide binding site ( NB ) and leucine-rich repeat ( LRR ) domains as intracellular innate immune receptors to recognize pathogens and initiate defense responses . Since mis-activation of defense responses can lead to tissue damage and even developmental arrest , proper regulation... | To detect pathogen attack and subsequently trigger defense responses , plants utilize immune receptors composed of a nucleotide binding site ( NB ) domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat ( LRR ) domain that function inside the cell . To identify regulators of NB–LRR protein accumulation and activity , we performed... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Specific Missense Alleles of the Arabidopsis Jasmonic Acid Co-Receptor COI1 Regulate Innate Immune Receptor Accumulation and Function |
In the Americas , leishmaniasis is endemic in 18 countries , and from 2001 through 2015 , 17 countries reported 843 , 931 cases of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis , and 12 countries reported 52 , 176 cases of visceral leishmaniasis . A Regional Information System ( SisLeish ) was created in order to provide k... | Leishmaniasis is among the most neglected diseases and remains a challenge for surveillance and control programs . In response to this challenge , the Regional Program for Leishmaniasis ( PAHO/WHO ) , with the support of advisors and representatives from endemic countries , have created a Regional Information System ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"geographic",
"information",
"systems",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"neuroscience",
"geoinformatics",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"cognition",
"neglected",
... | 2017 | SisLeish: A multi-country standardized information system to monitor the status of Leishmaniasis in the Americas |
Gene expression is orchestrated by distinct regulatory regions to ensure a wide variety of cell types and functions . A challenge is to identify which regulatory regions are active , what are their associated features and how they work together in each cell type . Several approaches have tackled this problem by modelin... | Identifying a maximum of DNA determinants implicated in gene regulation will accelerate genetic analyses and precision medicine approaches by identifying key gene features . In that context decoding the sequence-level instructions for gene regulation is of prime importance . Among global efforts to achieve this objecti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"decision",
"analysis",
"management",
"engineering",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"dna",
"methylatio... | 2018 | Probing instructions for expression regulation in gene nucleotide compositions |
Human cancer is caused by the interplay of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and inherited variations in cancer susceptibility genes . While many of the tumor initiating mutations are well characterized , the effect of genetic background variation on disease onset and progression is less understood . We... | Mutations that activate a RAS oncogene are found in a large proportion of human cancers . In this study , we have used the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans ( C . elegans ) as a model to investigate how the genetic composition of the animal affects the outcome of oncogenic RAS mutations that activate the MAPK pathway . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Systemic Regulation of RAS/MAPK Signaling by the Serotonin Metabolite 5-HIAA |
Control of human African trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness ) in the Democratic Republic of Congo is based on mass population active screening by mobile teams . Although generally considered a successful strategy , the community participation rates in these screening activities and ensuing treatment remain low in the ... | Active screening strategies are common disease control interventions in the context of poor and remote rural communities with no direct access to healthcare facilities . For such activities to be as effective as possible , it is necessary that they are well adapted to local socio-economic and cultural settings . Our ai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"anthropology",
"public",
"health"
] | 2012 | Should I Get Screened for Sleeping Sickness? A Qualitative Study in Kasai Province, Democratic Republic of Congo |
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