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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Third-stage larvae ( L3 ) of the canine hookworm , Ancylostoma caninum , undergo arrested development preceding transmission to a host . Many of the mRNAs up-regulated at this stage are likely to encode proteins that facilitate the transition from a free-living to a parasitic larva . The initial phase of mammalian host... | Hookworms are soil-transmitted nematodes that parasitize hundreds of millions of people in developing countries . Here we describe the genes expressed when hookworm larvae make the transition from a developmentally arrested free-living form to a tissue-penetrating parasitic stage . Ancylostoma caninum can be “tricked” ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections"
] | 2008 | Transcriptional Changes in the Hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, during the Transition from a Free-Living to a Parasitic Larva |
The fast development of software and hardware is notably helping in closing the gap between macroscopic and microscopic data . Using a novel theoretical strategy combining molecular dynamics simulations , conformational clustering , ab-initio quantum mechanics and electronic coupling calculations , we show how computat... | We have developed a protocol capable of describing long-range electron transfer mechanisms at an atomic detailed level . We demonstrate the maturity of the computational techniques in obtaining a quantitative view of the Cytochrome c Peroxidase/Cytochrome c electron transfer process , known to be a significant challeng... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"protein",
"chemistry",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"quantum",
"chemistry",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"hemoproteins",
"biophysics"
] | 2013 | In-silico Assessment of Protein-Protein Electron Transfer. A Case Study: Cytochrome c Peroxidase – Cytochrome c |
Among various innate immune receptor families , the role of C-type lectin receptors ( CLRs ) in lung protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S . pneumoniae ) is not fully defined . We here show that Mincle gene expression was induced in alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid... | Bacterial infections of the lung cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide . The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent pathogen causing bacterial lung infections in humans . Among the various innate immune receptors by which lung sentinel cells are able to sense bacterial inva... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pneumococcus",
"cytokines",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"pulmonology",
"pneu... | 2016 | C-type Lectin Mincle Recognizes Glucosyl-diacylglycerol of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Pneumonia |
To date , most molecular investigations of schistosomatids have focused principally on blood flukes ( schistosomes ) of humans . Despite the clinical importance of cercarial dermatitis in humans caused by Trichobilharzia regenti and the serious neuropathologic disease that this parasite causes in its permissive avian h... | Despite the clinical importance of Trichobilharzia regenti in bird hosts and as a cause of cercarial dermatitis in humans , almost nothing is known about the molecular aspects of this fluke and its interactions with its hosts . Here , we sequenced , assembled and annotated the transcriptome representing two life stages... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"helminths",
"enzymes",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"genome",
"analysis",
... | 2016 | Comparative Transcriptomic Exploration Reveals Unique Molecular Adaptations of Neuropathogenic Trichobilharzia to Invade and Parasitize Its Avian Definitive Host |
Dopamine is thought to directly influence the neurophysiological mechanisms of both performance monitoring and cognitive control—two processes that are critically linked in the production of adapted behaviour . Changing dopamine levels are also thought to induce cognitive changes in several neurological and psychiatric... | To successfully complete a task , we need to monitor our performance . If performance drops , we need to change our behaviour . We do this by adjusting cognitive control , an ensemble of processes through which behaviour is adapted to suit the task . In this study , we first used chronic recordings in the frontal lobe ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"decision",
"making",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animals",
"mammals",
"hormones",
"primates",
"cognitive",
"neuros... | 2016 | Prefrontal Markers and Cognitive Performance Are Dissociated during Progressive Dopamine Lesion |
Traditionally brain function is studied through measuring physiological responses in controlled sensory , motor , and cognitive paradigms . However , even at rest , in the absence of overt goal-directed behavior , collections of cortical regions consistently show temporally coherent activity . In humans , these resting... | There has been a great deal of interest generated by the observation of resting-state or “default-mode” networks in the human brain . These networks seem to be most engaged when persons are not involved in overt goal-directed behavior . These networks are also thought to underlie certain aspects of conscious introspect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Noise during Rest Enables the Exploration of the Brain's Dynamic Repertoire |
Dendrites form predominantly binary trees that are exquisitely embedded in the networks of the brain . While neuronal computation is known to depend on the morphology of dendrites , their underlying topological blueprint remains unknown . Here , we used a centripetal branch ordering scheme originally developed to descr... | Similarly to river beds , dendritic trees of nerve cells form elaborate networks that branch out to cover extensive areas . In the 1940s , ecologist Robert E . Horton developed an ordering system for branches in river networks that was refined in the 1950s by geoscientist Arthur N . Strahler , the Horton-Strahler order... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"granule",
"cells",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"dendritic",
"structure",
"ganglion",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"axons",
"pyramidal",
"cells",
"neuronal",
"morphology",
"neurons",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular"... | 2017 | Universal features of dendrites through centripetal branch ordering |
The primary role of the innate immune response is to limit the spread of infectious pathogens , with activation of Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) and RIG-like receptor ( RLR ) pathways resulting in a pro-inflammatory response required to combat infection . Limiting the activation of these signaling pathways is likewise ess... | RNA virus infection is detected through TLR-dependent and TLR-independent mechanisms . Early viral replicative intermediates are detected by two recently characterized cystolic viral RNA receptors , RIG-I and MDA-5 , leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons ( IFNs ) . Dysfunctional... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/new",
"therapies,",
"including",
"antivirals",
"and",
"immunotherapy",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"virology/antivirals,",
"including",
"modes",
"of",
"action",... | 2009 | The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Triad3A Negatively Regulates the RIG-I/MAVS Signaling Pathway by Targeting TRAF3 for Degradation |
Varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) , a human alphaherpesvirus , causes varicella during primary infection . VZV reactivation from neuronal latency may cause herpes zoster , post herpetic neuralgia ( PHN ) and other neurologic syndromes . To investigate VZV neuropathogenesis , we developed a model using human dorsal root ga... | Varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) causes varicella; herpes zoster results from VZV reactivation and is associated with post herpetic neuralgia ( PHN ) . We hypothesized that VZV exhibits neuron-subtype specific tropism and that VZV tropism for satellite glial cells ( SGC ) results in loss of SGC functions that support neu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Neuronal Subtype and Satellite Cell Tropism Are Determinants of Varicella-Zoster Virus Virulence in Human Dorsal Root Ganglia Xenografts In Vivo |
The bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex ( BEEC ) represents the severe end of the uro-rectal malformation spectrum , and is thought to result from aberrant embryonic morphogenesis of the cloacal membrane and the urorectal septum . The most common form of BEEC is isolated classic bladder exstrophy ( CBE ) . To identify... | The etiology of classic exstrophy of the bladder ( CBE ) remains unclear . The present genome-wide association study and meta-analysis identified an association between CBE and a region on chromosome 5q11 . 1 . This region contains the gene encoding insulin gene enhancer protein , ISL-1 . In this region , 138 single nu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Genome-wide Association Study and Meta-Analysis Identify ISL1 as Genome-wide Significant Susceptibility Gene for Bladder Exstrophy |
Functional diversification of motor neurons has occurred in order to selectively control the movements of different body parts including head , trunk and limbs . Here we report that transcription of Isl1 , a major gene necessary for motor neuron identity , is controlled by two enhancers , CREST1 ( E1 ) and CREST2 ( E2 ... | During evolution , motor neurons became specialized to control movements of different body parts including head , trunk and limbs . Here we report that two enhancers of Isl1 , E1 and E2 , are active together with transcription factors in motor neurons . Surprisingly , E1 and its response to transcription factors has be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Functional Diversification of Motor Neuron-specific Isl1 Enhancers during Evolution |
Melioidosis is a frequently fatal disease requiring specific treatment . The yield of Burkholderia pseudomallei from sites with a normal flora is increased by culture using selective , differential media such as Ashdown’s agar and selective broth . However , since melioidosis mainly affects people in resource-poor coun... | Melioidosis is a frequently fatal disease caused by a soil bacterium called Burkholderia pseudomallei , that is widespread in the rural tropics . Because staff are often not familiar with it and because it may be hidden if it is outgrown by other bacteria , special culture media can help laboratories diagnose the disea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"economic",
"analysis",
"melioidosis",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"social",
"science... | 2019 | The cost-effectiveness of the use of selective media for the diagnosis of melioidosis in different settings |
Recombination between homologous chromosomes of different parental origin ( homologs ) is necessary for their accurate segregation during meiosis . It has been suggested that meiotic inter-homolog recombination is promoted by a barrier to inter-sister-chromatid recombination , imposed by meiosis-specific components of ... | In diploid organisms , which contain two parental sets of chromosomes , double-stranded breaks in DNA can be repaired by recombination , either with a copy of the chromosome produced by replication ( the sister chromatid ) , or with either chromatid of the other parental chromosome ( the homolog ) . During meiosis , re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair"
] | 2010 | Frequent and Efficient Use of the Sister Chromatid for DNA Double-Strand Break Repair during Budding Yeast Meiosis |
Melioidosis is a severe bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei with a high case-fatality rate . Epidemiological and animal studies show the possibility of inhalation transmission . However , no B . pseudomallei concentrations in ambient air have been researched . Here , we developed a method to quantif... | Melioidosis is a severe bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei with a high case-fatality rate . Epidemiological and animal studies show the possibility of inhalation transmission . However , no B . pseudomallei concentrations in ambient air have been researched . Here , we successfully developed a meth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | The Concentrations of Ambient Burkholderia Pseudomallei during Typhoon Season in Endemic Area of Melioidosis in Taiwan |
A new polysaccharide secreted by the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has been characterized . Carbohydrate analysis using specific chemical degradations , mass spectrometry , 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance showed that this polysaccharide is a linear heterogeneous galactosaminogalactan c... | Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases including allergic reactions and local or systemic infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis that has emerged in the recent years as a leading cause of infection related mortality among immunocompromised patie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"biochemistry",
"fungal",
"biochemistry",
"mycology",
"fungi",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"glycobiology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2011 | Galactosaminogalactan, a New Immunosuppressive Polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus |
Malaria affects 300 million people worldwide every year and 450 , 000 in Brazil . In coastal areas of Brazil , the main malaria vector is Anopheles aquasalis , and Plasmodium vivax is responsible for the majority of malaria cases in the Americas . Insects possess a powerful immune system to combat infections . Three pa... | Malaria is endemic in 22 countries in the Americas where the Anopheles aquasalis mosquito is an important malaria vector and the Plasmodium vivax parasite is responsible for most malaria cases . This natural vector-parasite pair is difficult to study due to the lack of cultivating system for P . vivax , and to the lack... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mosquitoes",
"plasmodium",
"vivax",
"vector",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"malaria",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | The JAK-STAT Pathway Controls Plasmodium vivax Load in Early Stages of Anopheles aquasalis Infection |
The asexual reproduction cycle of Plasmodium falciparum , the parasite responsible for severe malaria , occurs within red blood cells . A merozoite invades a red cell in the circulation , develops and multiplies , and after about 48 hours ruptures the host cell , releasing 15–32 merozoites ready to invade new red blood... | The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for severe malaria in humans . The 48 hour asexual reproduction cycle of the parasite within red blood cells is responsible for the symptoms in this disease . Within this period , the parasite causes massive changes in the host red cell , increasing some metabolic activ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Model"
] | [
"physiology",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | The Homeostasis of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells |
In injured neurons , “leaky” voltage-gated sodium channels ( Nav ) underlie dysfunctional excitability that ranges from spontaneous subthreshold oscillations ( STO ) , to ectopic ( sometimes paroxysmal ) excitation , to depolarizing block . In recombinant systems , mechanical injury to Nav1 . 6-rich membranes causes cy... | Nerve cells damaged by trauma , stroke , epilepsy , inflammatory conditions etc , have chronically leaky sodium channels that eventually kill . The usual job of sodium channels is to make brief voltage signals –action potentials– for long distance propagation . After sodium channels open to generate action potentials ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | Spontaneous Excitation Patterns Computed for Axons with Injury-like Impairments of Sodium Channels and Na/K Pumps |
In mid-2015 , the United States’ Pandemic Prediction and Forecasting Science and Technical Working Group of the National Science and Technology Council , Food and Agriculture Organization Emergency Prevention Systems , and Kenya Meteorological Department issued an alert predicting a high possibility of El-Niño rainfall... | Occurrence of Rift Valley Fever ( RVF ) outbreak is associated with heavy El-Niño rainfall . In July 2015 , an alert on the likelihood of El-Niño rainfall and RVF outbreak in Eastern Africa region was issued by the United States , Food and Agriculture Organization , and Kenya Meteorological Department . In response to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"diseases",
"ovine",
"abortion",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"zoology",
"africa",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectiou... | 2018 | Enhanced surveillance for Rift Valley Fever in livestock during El Niño rains and threat of RVF outbreak, Kenya, 2015-2016 |
Triple-negative breast cancer ( TNBC ) cells do not express estrogen receptors , progesterone receptors , or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 . Currently , apart from poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors , there are few effective therapeutic options for this type of cancer . Here , we present comprehensive cha... | Cancer can result from genetic alterations , some of which can be good drug targets . To reveal genetic alterations that provide important information for the development of ideal therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer ( TNBC ) , TNBC tumor samples were subjected to comprehensive genomic analyses . We... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"genomics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"breast",
"tumors",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"oncogenes",
"oncology",
"genomic",
"databases",
"genome",
"analysis",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"mammali... | 2017 | Integrative analysis of genomic alterations in triple-negative breast cancer in association with homologous recombination deficiency |
Readily-accessible and standardised capture of genotypic variation has revolutionised our understanding of the genetic contribution to disease . Unfortunately , the corresponding systematic capture of patient phenotypic variation needed to fully interpret the impact of genetic variation has lagged far behind . Exploiti... | Developmental disorders occur in ∼3% of live births , and exhibit a broad range of abnormalities including: intellectual disability , autism , heart defects , and other neurological and morphological problems . Often , patients are grouped into genetic syndromes which are defined by a specific set of mutations and a co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Gene Networks Underlying Convergent and Pleiotropic Phenotypes in a Large and Systematically-Phenotyped Cohort with Heterogeneous Developmental Disorders |
Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV , HHV-8 ) establish lifelong latency in their hosts and are associated with the development of several types of malignancies , including a subset of B cell lymphomas . These viruses are thought to co-opt the process... | Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus are widespread pathogens that establish lifelong infections in a dormant state termed latency . Although most gammaherpesvirus infections are asymptomatic , infection of some individuals leads to the development of B cell lymphoma or other c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"lymphoid",
"organs",
"epstein-barr",
"virus",
"infectious",
"mononucleosis",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology... | 2014 | A Gammaherpesvirus Bcl-2 Ortholog Blocks B Cell Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis and Promotes the Survival of Developing B Cells In Vivo |
Cryo-electron microscopy permits 3-D structures of viral pathogens to be determined in remarkable detail . In particular , the protein containers encapsulating viral genomes have been determined to high resolution using symmetry averaging techniques that exploit the icosahedral architecture seen in many viruses . By co... | Viruses are responsible for devastating illnesses in humans and cause significant commercial losses in livestock and crops . Their genetic material is transported into their host organisms via protein containers , called viral capsids , that act as Trojan horses: they release their cargo into the cells of their hosts ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Asymmetric Genome Organization in an RNA Virus Revealed via Graph-Theoretical Analysis of Tomographic Data |
Root-knot nematodes ( RKN ) are obligatory plant parasitic worms that establish and maintain an intimate relationship with their host plants . During a compatible interaction , RKN induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells essential for nematode growth and reproduction ... | Parasitic nematodes are microscopic worms that cause major diseases of plants , animals and humans . During compatible interactions , root-knot nematodes ( RKN ) induce the formation of galls in which redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells is essential for nematode growth and r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | (Homo)glutathione Deficiency Impairs Root-knot Nematode Development in Medicago truncatula |
Nucleoside hydrolases ( NHs ) show homology among parasite protozoa , fungi and bacteria . They are vital protagonists in the establishment of early infection and , therefore , are excellent candidates for the pathogen recognition by adaptive immune responses . Immune protection against NHs would prevent disease at the... | The continued spread , morbidity and mortality of human leishmaniasis together with the emergence of drug-resistant variants , the failure of epidemiological control based on dog culling and insecticide vector control and the chemotherapy toxicity have spurred attempts to develop an effective vaccine . Leishmaniasis af... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/preventive",
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/... | 2010 | Adaptive Immunity against Leishmania Nucleoside Hydrolase Maps Its C-Terminal Domain as the Target of the CD4+ T Cell–Driven Protective Response |
Researchers have long been enthralled with the idea that gene duplication can generate novel functions , crediting this process with great evolutionary importance . Empirical data shows that whole-genome duplications ( WGDs ) are more likely to be retained than small-scale duplications ( SSDs ) , though their relative ... | Gene duplication involves the doubling of a gene , originating an identical gene copy . Early evolutionary theory predicted that , as one gene copy is performing the ancestral function , the other gene copy , devoid from strong selection constraints , could evolve exploring alternative functions . Because of its potent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"theory"
] | 2013 | The Roles of Whole-Genome and Small-Scale Duplications in the Functional Specialization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genes |
This work examined the mechanisms underlying auditory motion processing in the auditory cortex of awake monkeys using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) . We tested to what extent auditory motion analysis can be explained by the linear combination of static spatial mechanisms , spectrotemporal processes , a... | Motion is a fundamental dimension of acoustic and visual stimuli that is critical for animals to interact with their environment . Yet , surprisingly , we still do not understand the basic mechanisms in the brain that underlie perception of auditory motion . For the last 30 y , this research field has been hampered by ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"auditory",
"cortex",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"primates",
... | 2017 | Auditory motion-specific mechanisms in the primate brain |
While short-read sequencing technology has resulted in a sharp increase in the number of species with genome assemblies , these assemblies are typically highly fragmented . Repeats pose the largest challenge for reference genome assembly , and pericentromeric regions and the repeat-rich Y chromosome are typically ignor... | Y chromosomes determine the gender in many species , but their molecular investigation has been hampered by a lack of high-quality sequence assemblies . Here , we create a genome assembly of unprecedented quality and contiguity for the fruit fly Drosophila miranda , a model for Y chromosome research , which allows us t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"bac",
"cloning",
"cloning",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"animals",
"vector",
"cloning",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"analysis",
"exper... | 2018 | De novo assembly of a young Drosophila Y chromosome using single-molecule sequencing and chromatin conformation capture |
Bang sensitive ( BS ) Drosophila mutants display characteristic seizure-like phenotypes resembling , in some aspects , those of human seizure disorders such as epilepsy . The BS mutant parabss1 , caused by a gain-of-function mutation of the voltage-gated Na+ channel gene , is extremely seizure-sensitive with phenotypes... | Seizure disorders , such as epilepsy , are a serious health concern because of the large number of patients affected and a limited availability of treatment options . About 10% of the population will have at least one seizure during their lifetime , and 1% will experience persistent , recurrent epileptic seizures . Mor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Mutations of the Calcium Channel Gene cacophony Suppress Seizures in Drosophila |
The study of processes evolving on networks has recently become a very popular research field , not only because of the rich mathematical theory that underpins it , but also because of its many possible applications , a number of them in the field of biology . Indeed , molecular signaling pathways , gene regulation , p... | Many biological phenomena can be viewed as dynamical processes on a graph . Understanding coordinated activity of nodes in such a network is of some importance , as it helps to characterize the behavior of the complex system . Of course , the topology of a network plays a pivotal role in determining the level of coordi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infographics",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"random",
"variables",
"neuroscience",
"covariance",
"plant",
"science",
"mathematics",
"network",
"ana... | 2016 | Interplay between Graph Topology and Correlations of Third Order in Spiking Neuronal Networks |
The phosphorylation state of the C-terminal domain ( CTD ) of the RNA polymerase II plays crucial roles in transcription and mRNA processing . Previous studies showed that the plant CTD phosphatase-like 1 ( CPL1 ) dephosphorylates Ser-5-specific CTD and regulates abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis . Here , we repor... | Plants , including important economic crops , frequently grow under unfavorable conditions that largely reduce their production potential . Plants respond to these stress conditions by adjusting physiological status resulting from changes in gene expression . Many genes that are repressed at normal growth conditions ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"physiology",
"rna",
"processing",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"plants",
"flowering",
"plants",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | The Arabidopsis RNA Binding Protein with K Homology Motifs, SHINY1, Interacts with the C-terminal Domain Phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) to Repress Stress-Inducible Gene Expression |
Streptococcus agalactiae ( Group B Streptococcus , GBS ) normally colonizes healthy adults but can cause invasive disease , such as meningitis , in the newborn . To gain access to the central nervous system , GBS must interact with and penetrate brain or meningeal blood vessels; however , the exact mechanisms are still... | Group B Streptococcus ( GBS ) typically colonizes healthy adults but can cause severe disease in immune-compromised individuals , including newborns . Despite wide-spread intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis given to pregnant women , GBS remains a leading cause of neonatal meningitis . To cause meningitis , GBS must inte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"flow",
"cytometry",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunofluorescence",
"staining",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"syste... | 2019 | The Group B Streptococcal surface antigen I/II protein, BspC, interacts with host vimentin to promote adherence to brain endothelium and inflammation during the pathogenesis of meningitis |
For genome-wide association studies in family-based designs , we propose a powerful two-stage testing strategy that can be applied in situations in which parent-offspring trio data are available and all offspring are affected with the trait or disease under study . In the first step of the testing strategy , we constru... | The current state of genotyping technology has enabled researchers to conduct genome-wide association studies of up to 1 , 000 , 000 SNPs , allowing for systematic scanning of the genome for variants that might influence the development and progression of complex diseases . One of the largest obstacles to the successfu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"mathematics/statistics"
] | 2008 | Screening and Replication using the Same Data Set: Testing Strategies for Family-Based Studies in which All Probands Are Affected |
β-lactam antibiotics interfere with cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall , but the killing mechanism of this important class of antibiotics is not fully understood . Serendipitously we found that sub-lethal doses of β-lactams rescue growth and prevent spontaneous lysis of Staphylococcus aureus mutants lacking the w... | The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of human disease , and the rapid spread of S . aureus strains that are resistant to almost all β-lactam antibiotics has made treatment increasingly difficult . β-lactams interfere with cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall but the killing mechanism of this importa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
"walls",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"cell",
"processes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"microbiology",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"physiological",
... | 2019 | The ClpX chaperone controls autolytic splitting of Staphylococcus aureus daughter cells, but is bypassed by β-lactam antibiotics or inhibitors of WTA biosynthesis |
Insulators are DNA elements that divide chromosomes into independent transcriptional domains . The Drosophila genome contains hundreds of binding sites for the Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su ( Hw ) ] insulator protein , corresponding to locations of the retroviral gypsy insulator and non-gypsy binding regions ( BRs ) . T... | Insulators are conserved genomic elements that define domains of independent transcription . One class of insulators in the Drosophila genome are defined by the binding of the Su ( Hw ) protein , with the gypsy insulator representing the classic Su ( Hw ) -dependent insulator . Su ( Hw ) associates with hundreds of non... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"initiation",
"and",
"activation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"molecular",... | 2008 | Context Differences Reveal Insulator and Activator Functions of a Su(Hw) Binding Region |
Binary cell fate decisions allow the production of distinct sister neurons from an intermediate precursor . Neurons are further diversified based on the birth order of intermediate precursors . Here we examined the interplay between binary cell fate and birth-order-dependent temporal fate in the Drosophila lateral ante... | The Drosophila brain develops from a limited number of neural stem cells that produce a series of ganglion mother cells ( GMCs ) that divide once to produce a pair of neurons in a defined order , termed a neuronal lineage . Here , we provide a detailed lineage map for the neurons derived from the Drosophila lateral ant... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Lineage Analysis of Drosophila Lateral Antennal Lobe Neurons Reveals Notch-Dependent Binary Temporal Fate Decisions |
The domestic dog is a robust model for studying the genetics of complex disease susceptibility . The strategies used to develop and propagate modern breeds have resulted in an elevated risk for specific diseases in particular breeds . One example is that of Standard Poodles ( STPOs ) , who have increased risk for squam... | Domesticated dogs offer a unique mechanism for disentangling complex genetic traits , such as cancer . Over 300 breeds exist worldwide , each selected for particular morphologic and behavioral traits . Unfortunately the breeding programs used to generate such diversity are associated with breed-specific increase in dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | A Copy Number Variant at the KITLG Locus Likely Confers Risk for Canine Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Digit |
Incorporating the cognate instead of non-cognate substrates is crucial for DNA polymerase function . Here we analyze molecular dynamics simulations of DNA polymerase μ ( pol μ ) bound to different non-cognate incoming nucleotides including A:dCTP , A:dGTP , A ( syn ) :dGTP , A:dATP , A ( syn ) :dATP , T:dCTP , and T:dG... | DNA polymerase μ ( pol μ ) is an enzyme that participates in DNA repair and thus has a central role in maintaining the integrity of genetic information . To efficiently repair the DNA , discriminating the cognate instead of non-cognate nucleotides ( “fidelity-checking” ) is required . Here we analyze molecular dynamics... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2013 | “Gate-keeper” Residues and Active-Site Rearrangements in DNA Polymerase μ Help Discriminate Non-cognate Nucleotides |
During development , the Drosophila wing primordium undergoes a dramatic increase in cell number and mass under the control of the long-range morphogens Wingless ( Wg , a Wnt ) and Decapentaplegic ( Dpp , a BMP ) . This process depends in part on the capacity of wing cells to recruit neighboring , non-wing cells into t... | Under normal conditions , animals and their various body parts grow until they achieve a genetically predetermined size and shape—a process governed by secreted organizer proteins called morphogens . How morphogens control growth remains unknown . In Drosophila , wings develop at the larval stage from wing primordia . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2010 | A Feed-Forward Circuit Linking Wingless, Fat-Dachsous Signaling, and the Warts-Hippo Pathway to Drosophila Wing Growth |
Clearance of anogenital and oropharyngeal HPV infections is attributed primarily to a successful adaptive immune response . To date , little attention has been paid to the potential role of stochastic cell dynamics in the time it takes to clear an HPV infection . In this study , we combine mechanistic mathematical mode... | Worldwide , 5% of all cancers are associated with the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus ( HPV ) . The most common cancer types attributed to HPV are cervical and anal cancers , but HPV-related head and neck cancers are on the rise , too . Even though the lifetime risk of infection with HPV is as high as 80% , m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | HPV Clearance and the Neglected Role of Stochasticity |
The East/Central/South African genotype of Chikungunya virus with the E1-A226V mutation emerged in 2011 in Cambodia and spread in 2012 . An outbreak of 190 cases was documented in Trapeang Roka , a rural village . We surveyed 425 village residents within 3–4 weeks after the outbreak , and determined the sensitivity and... | After first being identified in the 1950s and spreading from Africa in the 1960s , a new pandemic strain of Chikungunya virus emerged in East Africa and the Indian Ocean in 2004–2005 , progressing to Asia . Cases have since been described in previously unaffected territories , as well as regions where Chikungunya trans... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Long-Lasting Immune Protection and Other Epidemiological Findings after Chikungunya Emergence in a Cambodian Rural Community, April 2012 |
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospitals and the community . Traditionally , MRSA was mainly hospital-associated ( HA-MRSA ) , but in the past decade community-associated strains ( CA-MRSA ) have spread widely . CA-MRSA strains seem to have ... | One of the most notorious cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) , which causes diseases ranging from skin and soft-tissue infections to pneumonia and septicemia . Traditionally , MRSA was mainly hospital-associated , but in the past decade community-associated st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"ecology",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Hospital-Community Interactions Foster Coexistence between Methicillin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus |
Although models based on independent component analysis ( ICA ) have been successful in explaining various properties of sensory coding in the cortex , it remains unclear how networks of spiking neurons using realistic plasticity rules can realize such computation . Here , we propose a biologically plausible mechanism ... | How the brain learns to encode and represent sensory information has been a longstanding question in neuroscience . Computational theories predict that sensory neurons should reduce redundancies between their responses to a given stimulus set in order to maximize the amount of information they can encode . Specifically... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience/neural",
"homeostasis"
] | 2010 | Independent Component Analysis in Spiking Neurons |
A Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000 , with mass drug administration ( MDA ) as the core strategy of the programme . After completing 13 years of operations through 2012 and with MDA in place in 55 of 73 endemic countries , the impact of the MDA programme on microfilaraemia , hydroc... | The mass drug administration ( MDA ) programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) was initiated in 2000 . By the end of 2012 , the programme was in place in 55 endemic countries . During these first 13 years ( 2000–2012 ) of programme implementation , 6 . 37 billion annual single dose anti-filarial treatments wer... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"helminth",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"filariasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"lymphatic",
"filariasis"
] | 2014 | Progress and Impact of 13 Years of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on Reducing the Burden of Filarial Disease |
Bacterial Sec7-domain-containing proteins ( RalF ) are known only from species of Legionella and Rickettsia , which have facultative and obligate intracellular lifestyles , respectively . L . pneumophila RalF , a type IV secretion system ( T4SS ) effector , is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( GEF ) of ADP-ribosyl... | Phylogenomics analysis indicates divergent mechanisms for host cell invasion across diverse species of obligate intracellular Rickettsia . For instance , only some Rickettsia species carry RalF , the rare bacterial Arf-GEF effector utilized by Legionella pneumophila to facilitate fusion of ER-derived membranes with its... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Which Way In? The RalF Arf-GEF Orchestrates Rickettsia Host Cell Invasion |
While pleiotropic adaptive mutations are thought to be central for evolution , little is known on the downstream molecular effects allowing adaptation to complex ecologically relevant environments . Here we show that Escherichia coli MG1655 adapts rapidly to the intestine of germ-free mice by single point mutations in ... | The mammalian intestine is a privileged physiological site to study how coevolution between hosts and the trillions of bacteria present in the microbiota has shaped the genome of each partner and promoted the development of mutualistic interactions . Herein we have used germ-free mice , a simplified albeit ecologically... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"eubacteria",
"mus",
"(mouse)"
] | 2008 | Dissecting the Genetic Components of Adaptation of Escherichia coli to the Mouse Gut |
We present a new computational model of speech motor control: the Feedback-Aware Control of Tasks in Speech or FACTS model . FACTS employs a hierarchical state feedback control architecture to control simulated vocal tract and produce intelligible speech . The model includes higher-level control of speech tasks and low... | Speaking is one of the most complex motor tasks humans perform , but it’s neural and computational bases are not well understood . We present a new computational model that generates speech movements by comparing high-level language production goals with an internal estimate of the current state of the vocal tract . Th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"somatosensory",
"system",
"acoustics",
"linguistics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"control",
"engineering",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"tongue",
"dige... | 2019 | The FACTS model of speech motor control: Fusing state estimation and task-based control |
Chagas disease is a serious public health problem in Latin America where about ten million individuals show Trypanosoma cruzi infection . Despite significant success in controlling domiciliated triatomines , sylvatic populations frequently infest houses after insecticide treatment which hampers long term control prospe... | Globally , more than 10 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi . The emergence and perpetuation of Chagas disease in some endemic countries , such as Ecuador , depends largely on sylvatic populations of T . cruzi-infected vectors that frequently infest houses after insecticide treatment thereby hampering lo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"socioeconomic",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"trypanosoma",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protozoans",
"epidemiology",
"vector",
"biology",
"parasitology",
"protozoology",... | 2014 | Dynamics of Sylvatic Chagas Disease Vectors in Coastal Ecuador Is Driven by Changes in Land Cover |
The sleeping brain exhibits characteristic slow-wave activity which decays over the course of the night . This decay is thought to result from homeostatic synaptic downscaling . Transcranial electrical stimulation can entrain slow-wave oscillations ( SWO ) in the human electro-encephalogram ( EEG ) . A computational mo... | Sleep pressure is reflected in the power of slow-wave activity: it is high after extended wakefulness and gradually decays in the course of the night . Transcranial stimulation with slow-oscillating currents can entrain electro-encephalographic slow-wave oscillations ( SWO ) and transiently increase their power . Motiv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"bioengineering",
"biomedical",
"engineering",
"neural",
"homeostasis",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"engineering"
] | 2013 | Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Accelerates Human Sleep Homeostasis |
Survival of M . tuberculosis in host macrophages requires the eukaryotic-type protein kinase G , PknG , but the underlying mechanism has remained unknown . Here , we show that PknG is an integral component of a novel redox homeostatic system , RHOCS , which includes the ribosomal protein L13 and RenU , a Nudix hydrolas... | Nearly one-third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) , the causative agent of TB . A key factor that contributes to the widespread infection of Mtb is its capacity to survive inside the host macrophage . Understanding how Mtb withstands the hostile intracellular environment of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Redox Regulatory System Critical for Mycobacterial Survival in Macrophages and Biofilm Development |
Phagocytes locate microorganisms via chemotaxis and then consume them using phagocytosis . Dictyostelium amoebas are stereotypical phagocytes that prey on diverse bacteria using both processes . However , as typical phagocytic receptors , such as complement receptors or Fcγ receptors , have not been found in Dictyostel... | How eukaryotic cells find and interact with bacteria is a fundamental question in biology . Eukaryotic phagocytes are cells that engulf and digest bacteria . These include single-celled organisms , such as amoeba , and cell types of multicellular organisms , such as macrophages . The current dogma is that phagocytic ce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"b",
"vitamins",
"pattern",
"recognition",
"receptors",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"dictyosteliomycota",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"model",
... | 2018 | A G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor recognizes lipopolysaccharide for bacterial phagocytosis |
Occurrence of intraspecific variation in parasite virulence , a prerequisite for coevolution of hosts and parasites , has largely been reported . However , surprisingly little is known of the molecular bases of this variation in eukaryotic parasites , with the exception of the antigenic variation used by immune-evading... | Evolutionary theories that discuss evolution of virulence in parasite species rely on the assumption that there is additive genetic variation for virulence traits , and that some alleles can then be readily selected , for instance following changes in host resistance genotypes . However , the molecular bases of this va... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2010 | The Origin of Intraspecific Variation of Virulence in an Eukaryotic Immune Suppressive Parasite |
Previous studies have identified the behavioral responses of Aedes aegypti to irritant and repellent chemicals that can be exploited to reduce man-vector contact . Maximum efficacy of interventions based on irritant chemical actions will , however , require full knowledge of variables that influence vector resting beha... | Aedes aegypti , the primary vector mosquito of dengue virus , typically lives near or inside human dwellings , and feeds preferentially on humans . The control of this mosquito vector remains the most important dengue prevention method . The use of chemicals at levels toxic to mosquitoes is currently the only confirmed... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"entomology",
"vector",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"zoology",
"viral",
"vectors"
] | 2011 | Effects of Irritant Chemicals on Aedes aegypti Resting Behavior: Is There a Simple Shift to Untreated “Safe Sites”? |
Yersinia pestis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the disease known as plague . During infection of macrophages Y . pestis actively evades the normal phagosomal maturation pathway to establish a replicative niche within the cell . However , the mechanisms used by Y . pestis to subvert killing by the m... | Yersinia pestis is the bacterial agent that causes the human disease known as plague . While often considered a historic disease , Y . pestis is endemic in rodent populations on several continents and the World Health Organization considers plague to be a reemerging disease . Much of the success of this pathogen comes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Yersinia pestis Requires Host Rab1b for Survival in Macrophages |
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of accounting for human mobility networks when modeling epidemics in order to accurately predict spatial dynamics . However , little is known about the impact these movement networks have on the genetic structure of pathogen populations and whether these effects are scale... | The rapid , long-distance spread of human pathogens such as seasonal influenza A across modern transportation networks presents a tremendous challenge for public health . Previous work based on influenza-like illness reports has demonstrated that commuters play an important role in the transmission of influenza across ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Role of Human Transportation Networks in Mediating the Genetic Structure of Seasonal Influenza in the United States |
Bacteria face the challenging requirement to maintain their shape and avoid rupture due to the high internal turgor pressure , but simultaneously permit the import and export of nutrients , chemical signals , and virulence factors . The bacterial cell wall , a mesh-like structure composed of cross-linked strands of pep... | The structure of the bacterial cell wall has been a point of controversy and contention since it was first discovered . Although the basic chemical composition of peptidoglycan , the key constituent of the cell wall , is now well established , its long-range organization is not . This dearth of information at the mesos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"bacterial",
"biochemistry",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"computational",
"biology",
"biology",
"cell",
"mechanics",
"microbiology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics",
"biomechanics"
] | 2014 | Escherichia coli Peptidoglycan Structure and Mechanics as Predicted by Atomic-Scale Simulations |
In Africa , relapsing fever borreliae are neglected arthropod-borne pathogens causing mild to deadly septicemia and miscarriage . The closely related Borrelia crocidurae , Borrelia duttonii , Borrelia recurrentis and Borrelia hispanica are rarely diagnosed at the species level , hampering refined epidemiological and cl... | Four cultured Borrelia species are responsible for relapsing fever in Africa . Three species ( Borrelia crocidurae , Borrelia duttonii , Borrelia hispanica ) are transmitted by ticks , whereas Borrelia recurrentis is transmitted by the body lice . These Borrelia species result in febrile infection mimicking malaria wit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"relapsing",
"fever",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Multiplex Real-Time PCR Diagnostic of Relapsing Fevers in Africa |
Achieving target coverage levels for mass drug administration ( MDA ) is essential to elimination and control efforts for several neglected tropical diseases ( NTD ) . To ensure program goals are met , coverage reported by drug distributors may be validated through household coverage surveys that rely on respondent rec... | Mass drug administration ( MDA ) is an important tool in elimination efforts for several neglected tropical diseases , including lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) , onchocerciasis , trachoma , schistosomiasis , and soil-transmitted helminthiases ( STH ) . The success of control and elimination programs depends upon achieveme... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Accuracy of Coverage Survey Recall following an Integrated Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis |
The oligomerization/co-localization of protein complexes and their cooperative regulation in protein function is a key feature in many biological systems . The synergistic regulation in different subunits often enhances the functional properties of the multi-enzyme complex . The present study used molecular dynamics an... | Conformational changes of enzymes are often related to regulating and creating an optimal environment for efficient chemistry . An increasing number of evidences also indicate that oligomerization/co-localization of proteins contributes to the efficiency of metabolic pathways . Although static structures have been avai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biochemistry/macromolecular",
"chemistry",
"biophysics/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biophysics"
] | 2010 | The Role of Oligomerization and Cooperative Regulation in Protein Function: The Case of Tryptophan Synthase |
Assembly of the Z-ring over unsegregated nucleoids is prevented by a process called nucleoid occlusion ( NO ) , which in Escherichia coli is partially mediated by SlmA . SlmA is a Z ring antagonist that is spatially regulated and activated by binding to specific DNA sequences ( SlmA binding sites , SBSs ) more abundant... | Bacteria divide in the middle of the cell by spatially regulating the position of the Z ring , a cytoskeletal element required for cytokinesis . In the model organisms , Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis , two negative regulatory systems contribute to this spatial regulation . Both systems contain antagonists of F... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"developmental",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | SlmA Antagonism of FtsZ Assembly Employs a Two-pronged Mechanism like MinCD |
Recently it has become clear that only a small percentage ( 7% ) of disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) are located in protein-coding regions , while the remaining 93% are located in gene regulatory regions or in intergenic regions . Thus , the understanding of how genetic variations control the... | Large intergenic non-coding RNAs ( lincRNAs ) are the largest class of non-coding RNA molecules in the human genome . Many genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have mapped disease-associated genetic variants ( SNPs ) to , or in , the vicinity of such lincRNA regions . However , it is not clear how these SNPs can af... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | Human Disease-Associated Genetic Variation Impacts Large Intergenic Non-Coding RNA Expression |
Yellow fever ( YF ) is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes . The causative agent , the yellow fever virus ( YFV ) , is found in tropical and subtropical areas of South America and Africa . Although a vaccine is available since the 1930s , YF still causes thousands of deaths and several ou... | Despite the use of a safe and effective vaccine , yellow fever virus is still causing hundreds of thousands of infections and tens of thousands of deaths every year . The disease is widespread in South America and Africa where several outbreaks have occurred in the past years . As the disease is difficult to distinguis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"applied",
"microbiology",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"disease",
"diagnosis"
] | 2014 | Rapid Molecular Assays for the Detection of Yellow Fever Virus in Low-Resource Settings |
The bile fluid contains various lipids that are secreted at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes . As the secretion mechanism is still a matter of debate and a direct experimental observation of the secretion process is not possible so far , we used a mathematical model to simulate the extraction of the major bile l... | Formation of the bile is one of the central functions of the liver . The bile fluid aids in the digestion of edible fats and removal of drugs and toxins from the body . The bile fluid is mainly composed of bile salts ( BS ) , phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) and cholesterol ( CH ) in a fairly fixed proportion that prevents l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Computer Simulations Suggest a Key Role of Membranous Nanodomains in Biliary Lipid Secretion |
The biology and behavior of adults differ substantially from those of developing animals , and cell-specific information is critical for deciphering the biology of multicellular animals . Thus , adult tissue-specific transcriptomic data are critical for understanding molecular mechanisms that control their phenotypes .... | C . elegans is the simplest multi-cellular model system , with only 959 somatic cells in the fully-developed adult . This work describes the isolation and RNA-seq analysis of the worm’s major adult tissues . Previously , the isolation of adult tissues has been hampered by the worm’s tough outer cuticle , but identifica... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"skin",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"integumentary",
"system",
"muscle",
"tissue",
"caenorhabditis",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"hypodermis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"experi... | 2018 | Transcriptome analysis of adult Caenorhabditis elegans cells reveals tissue-specific gene and isoform expression |
Chronic pain is a debilitating problem , and insights in the neurobiology of chronic pain are needed for the development of novel pain therapies . A genome-wide association study implicated the 5p15 . 2 region in chronic widespread pain . This region includes the coding region for FAM173B , a functionally uncharacteriz... | Pain is an evolutionarily conserved physiological phenomenon necessary for survival . Yet , pain can become pathological when it occurs independently of noxious stimuli . The molecular mechanisms of pathological pain are still poorly understood , limiting the development of highly needed novel analgesics . Recently , g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
"somatosensory",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"microglial",
"cells",
... | 2018 | Identification of FAM173B as a protein methyltransferase promoting chronic pain |
Helminths are highly prevalent metazoan parasites that infect over a billion of the world’s population . Hosts have evolved numerous mechanisms to drive the expulsion of these parasites via Th2-driven immunity , but these responses must be tightly controlled to prevent equally devastating immunopathology . However , me... | Infection with intestinal parasitic worms is a major global health problem . We have therefore evolved means to drive the expulsion of these worms ( known as helminths ) , based on protective ( type 2 ) immune responses . However , if these immune responses are not regulated they can result in more harm than good . One... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"invertebrates",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"helminths",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"integrins",
"mol... | 2019 | TGFβ-activation by dendritic cells drives Th17 induction and intestinal contractility and augments the expulsion of the parasite Trichinella spiralis in mice |
DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for maintenance of the genome in all organisms , including parasites where successful infection is dependent both on genomic stability and sequence variation . MSH2 is an early acting , central component of the Mismatch Repair ( MMR ) pathway , which is responsible for the recognition ... | Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi are protozoa parasites that cause sleeping sickness and Chagas disease , respectively , two neglected tropical diseases endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America . The high genetic diversity found in the T . cruzi population and the highly diverse repertoire of surface gly... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Distinct Phenotypes Caused by Mutation of MSH2 in Trypanosome Insect and Mammalian Life Cycle Forms Are Associated with Parasite Adaptation to Oxidative Stress |
Comparison of protein structures is important for revealing the evolutionary relationship among proteins , predicting protein functions and predicting protein structures . Many methods have been developed in the past to align two or multiple protein structures . Despite the importance of this problem , rigorous mathema... | Protein structure comparison is important for understanding the evolutionary relationships among proteins , predicting protein functions , and predicting protein structures . Despite its importance , there have been no rigorous mathematical or statistical frameworks for protein structure comparison . One notable issue ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis"
] | 2011 | A Mathematical Framework for Protein Structure Comparison |
The worldwide production of maize ( Zea mays L . ) is frequently impacted by water scarcity and as a result , increased drought tolerance is a priority target in maize breeding programs . While DREB transcription factors have been demonstrated to play a central role in desiccation tolerance , whether or not natural seq... | Water scarcity is one of the most severe threats to maize production worldwide . Although research has demonstrated that DREB-type transcription factors play important roles in plant water stress response , whether the specific genetic variants in DREB genes contribute to plant drought tolerance is largely unknown . Ta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Genome-Wide Analysis of ZmDREB Genes and Their Association with Natural Variation in Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage of Zea mays L |
Robust biological systems are expected to accumulate cryptic genetic variation that does not affect the system output in standard conditions yet may play an evolutionary role once phenotypically expressed under a strong perturbation . Genetic variation that is cryptic relative to a robust trait may accumulate neutrally... | Robustness is a property of biological systems that ensures the production of reproducible phenotypes in spite of underlying environmental , stochastic , and genetic variability . A consequence of robustness is that potentially functional genetic variation is free to accumulate in natural populations because it is buff... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"selection",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"epistasis",
"animal",
"models",
"evolutionary",
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetic",
"pol... | 2012 | Role of Pleiotropy in the Evolution of a Cryptic Developmental Variation in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Noncoding RNAs ( ncRNAs ) are important functional RNAs that do not code for proteins . We present a highly efficient computational pipeline for discovering cis-regulatory ncRNA motifs de novo . The pipeline differs from previous methods in that it is structure-oriented , does not require a multiple-sequence alignment ... | For decades , scientists believed that , with a few key exceptions , RNA played a secondary role in the cell . Recent discoveries have sharply revised this simple picture , revealing widespread , diverse , and surprisingly sophisticated roles for RNA . For example , many bacteria use RNA elements called “riboswitches” ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"rna",
"motif",
"prediction",
"noncoding",
"rna",
"rna",
"structure",
"riboswitch",
"computational",
"biology",
"high",
"throughput"
] | 2007 | A Computational Pipeline for High- Throughput Discovery of cis-Regulatory Noncoding RNA in Prokaryotes |
Paromomycin-based topical treatments were shown to be effective in curing cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) lesions caused by Leishmania major in Tunisia . Cure rates of an index lesion were approximately 80% . As a follow on , we conducted a similar Phase 3 trial in Panama to demonstrate the efficacy of these treatments ... | Leishmaniasis , a neglected parasitic infection transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly , is endemic in 98 countries or territories with approximately 0 . 7 to 1 . 2 million cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) cases occurring each year . In Panama , most of the CL cases are caused by L . panamensis and , the first line... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Topical paromomycin for New World cutaneous leishmaniasis |
We propose to use bifurcation theory and pattern formation as theoretical probes for various hypotheses about the neural organization of the brain . This allows us to make predictions about the kinds of patterns that should be observed in the activity of real brains through , e . g . , optical imaging , and opens the d... | Our visual perception of the world is remarkably stable despite the fact that we move our gaze and body . This must be the effect of the neuronal organization of the visual areas of our brains that succeed in maintaining in our consciouness a representation that seems to be protected from brutal variations . We propose... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"mathematics",
"neuroscience/natural",
"and",
"synthetic",
"vision",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Hyperbolic Planforms in Relation to Visual Edges and Textures Perception |
Strongyloides stercoralis infects human hosts mainly through skin contact with contaminated soil . The result is strongyloidiasis , a parasitic disease , with a unique cycle of auto-infection causing a variety of symptoms and signs , with possible fatality from hyper-infection . Australian Indigenous community members ... | Strongyloides stercoralis , a nematode parasite , has a well-documented history of infecting human hosts in tropic and subtropic regions mainly through skin contact with inhabited soil . The result is strongyloidiasis , a human parasitic disease , with a unique cycle of auto-infection contributing to a variety of sympt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"australia",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"health",
"care",
"ethnicities",
"indigenous",
"australians",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"research",
"and",
"analy... | 2014 | Strongyloides stercoralis: Systematic Review of Barriers to Controlling Strongyloidiasis for Australian Indigenous Communities |
Once Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes that spread Chikungunya virus , dengue virus , and Zika virus are infected with Wolbachia , they have reduced egg laying rates , reduced transmission abilities , and shorter lifespans . Since most infected mosquitoes are only infectious in the last few days of their li... | Mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria are less capable of transmitting dengue virus , Chikungunya virus , and Zika virus . We use a mathematical model to quantify the impact of infecting wild Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes with wAlbB and wMel strains of Wolbachia in reducing the transmission of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"wolbachia... | 2018 | Comparing the effectiveness of different strains of Wolbachia for controlling chikungunya, dengue fever, and zika |
Recent improvements in technology have made DNA sequencing dramatically faster and more efficient than ever before . The new technologies produce highly accurate sequences , but one drawback is that the most efficient technology produces the shortest read lengths . Short-read sequencing has been applied successfully to... | In this paper we demonstrate that a bacterial genome , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , can be decoded using very short DNA sequences , namely , those produced by the newest generation of DNA sequencers such as the Solexa sequencer from Illumina . Our method includes a novel algorithm that uses the protein sequences from other... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genome",
"projects",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2008 | Gene-Boosted Assembly of a Novel Bacterial Genome from Very Short Reads |
The binding of bacteria to human platelets is a likely central mechanism in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis . We have previously found that platelet binding by Streptococcus mitis SF100 is mediated by surface components encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage , SM1 . We now demonstrate that SM1-encoded lysin co... | The binding of bacteria to human platelets is thought to be a central event in the development of endocarditis ( a life-threatening cardiovascular infection ) . We have previously found that platelet binding by Streptococcus mitis is mediated by surface components encoded by a bacteriophage contained within the host ba... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2010 | Bacteriophage Lysin Mediates the Binding of Streptococcus mitis to Human Platelets through Interaction with Fibrinogen |
MACC1 ( Metastasis Associated in Colon Cancer 1 ) is a key driver and prognostic biomarker for cancer progression and metastasis in a large variety of solid tumor types , particularly colorectal cancer ( CRC ) . However , no MACC1 inhibitors have been identified yet . Therefore , we aimed to target MACC1 expression usi... | Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death in the Western world , and metastasis—the spread of cancer to distant sites—represents the most critical attribute for therapy failure . In colorectal cancer , up to one-third of patients have already developed metastasis at the time of diagnosis , and about half of ne... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"enzymes",
"gene",
"regulation",
"drugs",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"enzymology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"oncology",
"pharmace... | 2017 | Statin and rottlerin small-molecule inhibitors restrict colon cancer progression and metastasis via MACC1 |
An explanatory computational model is developed of the contiguous areas of retinal capillary loss which play a large role in diabetic maculapathy and diabetic retinal neovascularization . Strictly random leukocyte mediated capillary occlusion cannot explain the occurrence of large contiguous areas of retinal ischemia .... | Diabetes is a disease of elevated blood sugar which damages the body’s blood vessels , especially in the eye . Current understanding is that diabetics block one capillary at a time basically because white blood cells become ‘sticky’ in diabetes . This begins a process which results in blockage of a vessel and starves a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ischemia",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"oxygen",
"immunology",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"capillaries",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"retinal",
"disorders... | 2016 | Progression of Diabetic Capillary Occlusion: A Model |
Direct reciprocity , or repeated interaction , is a main mechanism to sustain cooperation under social dilemmas involving two individuals . For larger groups and networks , which are probably more relevant to understanding and engineering our society , experiments employing repeated multiplayer social dilemma games hav... | Laboratory experiments using human participants have shown that , in groups or contact networks , humans often behave as conditional cooperator or its moody variant . Although conditional cooperation in dyadic interaction is well understood , mechanisms underlying these behaviors in group or networks beyond a pair of i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"recreation",
"learning",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"scale-free",
"networks",
"network",
"analysis",
"public",
"goods",
"game",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
... | 2016 | Reinforcement Learning Explains Conditional Cooperation and Its Moody Cousin |
Physicochemical models of signaling pathways are characterized by high levels of structural and parametric uncertainty , reflecting both incomplete knowledge about signal transduction and the intrinsic variability of cellular processes . As a result , these models try to predict the dynamics of systems with tens or eve... | Molecular studies of cell communication systems lead to models with multiple free parameters . Analysis of dynamical behavior of these models presents considerable challenge . We have developed a computational approach for the efficient exploration of dynamic behavior in such models and applied this method to the model... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"1",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Bistability and Oscillations in the Huang-Ferrell Model of MAPK Signaling |
Canine mammary tumours ( CMT ) are the most common neoplasia in unspayed female dogs . CMTs are suitable naturally occurring models for human breast cancer and share many characteristics , indicating that the genetic causes could also be shared . We have performed a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) in English Spr... | Dogs provide an excellent model system for several human diseases , including cancer . Heavy breeding for certain behavioural or phenotypic traits has created genetic isolates–breeds–characterised by low levels of genetic variation and a limited number of genetic disease variants within each breed . Cancer is the most ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"small",
"nucleolar",
"rnas",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"gene",
"regulation",
"population",
"genetics",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"oncology",
... | 2016 | Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Germ-Line Risk Factors Associated with Canine Mammary Tumours |
Paramutation is a well-studied epigenetic phenomenon in which trans communication between two different alleles leads to meiotically heritable transcriptional silencing of one of the alleles . Paramutation at the b1 locus involves RNA-mediated transcriptional silencing and requires specific tandem repeats that generate... | Paramutation is a fascinating process in which genes communicate to efficiently establish changes in their expression that are stably transmitted to future generations without any changes in DNA sequences . While paramutation was first described in the 1950s and extensively studied through the 1960s , its underlying me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Specific Tandem Repeats Are Sufficient for Paramutation-Induced Trans-Generational Silencing |
The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway leading from the production of mevalonate by HMGCoA reductase ( Hmgcr ) to the geranylation of the G protein subunit , Gγ1 , plays an important role in cardiac development in the fly . Hmgcr has also been implicated in the release of the signaling molecule Hedgehog ( Hh ) from hh exp... | Previous studies have shown that HMGCoA reductase ( Hmgcr ) is required for the production of a germ cell attractant by the somatic gonadal precursor cells ( SGPs ) and for the release of the Hedgehog ( Hh ) ligand by hh expressing cells . However , it was not clear what role mevalonate , the biosynthetic product of Hm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechani... | 2009 | Gγ1, a Downstream Target for the hmgcr-Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Pathway, Is Required for Releasing the Hedgehog Ligand and Directing Germ Cell Migration |
Many cells in a developing embryo , including neurons and their axons and growth cones , must integrate multiple guidance cues to undergo directed growth and migration . The UNC-6/netrin , SLT-1/slit , and VAB-2/Ephrin guidance cues , and their receptors , UNC-40/DCC , SAX-3/Robo , and VAB-1/Eph , are known to be major... | Neurons and other cells are most dynamic during embryonic development . Later in life , a diminished developmental potential in mature neurons makes injuries difficult to treat . Neuronal regeneration studies have benefited from genetic studies that identified the molecules that work during embryonic development to giv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"structures",
"signaling",
"in",
"selected",
"disciplines",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"developmental",
"signaling",
"molecular",
"development",
"morphogenesis",
"cytoskeleton",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"signal",
"transduction... | 2012 | UNC-40/DCC, SAX-3/Robo, and VAB-1/Eph Polarize F-Actin during Embryonic Morphogenesis by Regulating the WAVE/SCAR Actin Nucleation Complex |
In order to understand the role of dengue virus ( DENV ) specific T cell responses that associate with protection , we studied their frequency and phenotype in relation to clinical disease severity and resolution of viraemia in a large cohort of patients with varying severity of acute dengue infection . Using ex vivo I... | In order to understand the role of dengue virus ( DENV ) specific T cell responses in protection against infection , we studied T cell cytokine production in relation to clinical disease severity and resolution of viraemia in a large cohort of patients with varying severity of acute dengue infection . We found that DEN... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiolog... | 2018 | Quantification of dengue virus specific T cell responses and correlation with viral load and clinical disease severity in acute dengue infection |
Granulomatous and fibrosing inflammation in response to parasite eggs is the main pathology that occurs during infection with Schistosoma spp . CD4+ T cells play critical roles in both host immune responses against parasitic infection and immunopathology in schistosomiasis , and coordinate many types of immune cells th... | The full activation and differentiation of T cells into Th1 , Th2 or Th17 cells requires costimulatory molecules and cytokines . ICOS has also been implicated in chronic inflammation and is critical for Th17 cell development . CD4+ IL-17-secreting T cells have been shown to contribute to pathology in some models of liv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Th17 Down-regulation Is Involved in Reduced Progression of Schistosomiasis Fibrosis in ICOSL KO Mice |
Staphylococcus aureus frequently invades the human bloodstream , leading to life threatening bacteremia and often secondary foci of infection . Failure of antibiotic therapy to eradicate infection is frequently described; in some cases associated with altered S . aureus antimicrobial resistance or the small colony vari... | The treatment of serious infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is complicated by the development of antibiotic resistance , and in some cases the appearance of more persistent bacteria that have a reduced growth rate resulting in small colony variants ( SCV ) . Here we have shown using whole genome sequencing and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/nosocomial",
"and",
"healthcare-associated",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacter... | 2010 | Two Novel Point Mutations in Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Reduce Linezolid Susceptibility and Switch on the Stringent Response to Promote Persistent Infection |
Understanding phylogenetic relationships within species complexes of disease vectors is crucial for identifying genomic changes associated with the evolution of epidemiologically important traits . However , the high degree of genetic similarity among sibling species confounds the ability to determine phylogenetic rela... | Malaria causes more than one million deaths every year , mostly among children in Sub-Saharan Africa . Anopheles mosquitoes are exclusive vectors of human malaria . Many malaria vectors belong to species complexes , and members within these complexes can vary significantly in their ecological adaptations and ability to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"genome",
"evolution",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"phylogenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"systematics",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"(non-negle... | 2012 | A New Chromosomal Phylogeny Supports the Repeated Origin of Vectorial Capacity in Malaria Mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae Complex |
Controlling infectious disease without inducing unwanted inflammatory disease requires proper regulation of the innate immune response . Thus , innate immunity needs to be activated when needed during an infection , but must be limited to prevent damage . To accomplish this , negative regulators of innate immunity limi... | In response to infection , the body induces the process of inflammation , which is critical to combating the pathogen . However , it also is critical that this inflammatory response be tightly regulated , because overactive or chronically activated inflammation can contribute to a myriad of diseases including sepsis , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Limiting of the Innate Immune Response by SF3A-Dependent Control of MyD88 Alternative mRNA Splicing |
We have previously reported that mutations in the polymerase proteins PB1 , PB2 , PA , and the nucleocapsid protein NP resulting in enhanced transcription and replication activities in mammalian cells are responsible for the conversion of the avian influenza virus SC35 ( H7N7 ) into the mouse-adapted variant SC35M . We... | The natural hosts of influenza A viruses are aquatic birds . On rare occasions these viruses may be transmitted to humans and then give rise to an influenza pandemic . Human influenza is therefore a typical re-emerging infection . Evidence is increasing that the viral polymerase , an enzyme that has to enter into the n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"virology"
] | 2008 | Interaction of Polymerase Subunit PB2 and NP with Importin α1 Is a Determinant of Host Range of Influenza A Virus |
DNA methylation is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modification that is critical for gene silencing and the maintenance of genome integrity . In Arabidopsis thaliana , the de novo DNA methyltransferase , DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 ( DRM2 ) , is targeted to specific genomic loci by 24 nt small interfe... | In eukaryotic organisms many systems have evolved to ensure the proper expression of genetic information within each cell , and when these systems malfunction genes can be mis-expressed and cause numerous diseases . One such system involves cytosine DNA methylation , an epigenetic modification that is commonly associat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | SHH1, a Homeodomain Protein Required for DNA Methylation, As Well As RDR2, RDM4, and Chromatin Remodeling Factors, Associate with RNA Polymerase IV |
Blinding trachoma is targeted for elimination by 2020 using the SAFE strategy ( Surgery , Antibiotics , Facial cleanliness , and Environmental improvements ) . Annual mass drug administration ( MDA ) with azithromycin is a cornerstone of this strategy . If baseline prevalence of clinical signs of trachomatous inflammat... | Trachoma , the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness , is scheduled for elimination by 2020 . Reaching this elimination target depends on successful implementation of the SAFE strategy ( Surgery , Antibiotics , Facial cleanliness , and Environmental improvements ) . Annual mass antibiotic distributions are key ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Mass Drug Administration for Trachoma: How Long Is Not Long Enough? |
Pemphigus vulgaris ( PV ) is a life-threatening autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering disease caused by disruption of intercellular adhesion due to auto-antibodies directed against epithelial components . Treatment is limited to immunosuppressive agents , which are associated with serious adverse effects . The propensity... | Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening autoimmune skin blistering disease . A large body of evidence indicates that the propensity to develop this condition is in part genetically determined . Using a genome wide association approach , we recently identified pemphigus vulgaris-associated genetic variations in the vic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"keratinocytes",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"physiological",
"processes",
"devel... | 2016 | Identification of a Functional Risk Variant for Pemphigus Vulgaris in the ST18 Gene |
To better understand the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses during infection , the primary response to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii was characterized using 2-photon microscopy combined with an experimental system that allowed visualization of dendritic cells ( DCs ) and parasite specific CD8+ T cells .... | Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect a wide range of hosts , including humans . Infection with T . gondii is potentially life threatening in immuno-compromised individuals and it can be detrimental during pregnancy , often leading to abortion of the fetus . Dendritic cells are thought to play a vit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Dynamic Imaging of CD8+ T Cells and Dendritic Cells during Infection with Toxoplasma gondii |
Phosphorylation relays are a major mechanism by which bacteria alter transcription in response to environmental signals , but understanding of the functional consequences of bacterial response regulator phosphorylation is limited . We sought to characterize how phosphorylation of the control of virulence regulator ( Co... | Group A Streptococcus ( GAS ) causes a variety of human diseases ranging from mild throat infections to deadly invasive infections . The capacity of GAS to cause infections at such diverse locations is dependent on its ability to precisely control the production of a broad variety of virulence factors . The control of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Dual-Site Phosphorylation of the Control of Virulence Regulator Impacts Group A Streptococcal Global Gene Expression and Pathogenesis |
The spread of Aedes albopictus , a vector for re-emergent arbovirus diseases like chikungunya and dengue , points up the need for better control strategies and new tools to evaluate transmission risk . Human antibody ( Ab ) responses to mosquito salivary proteins could represent a reliable biomarker for evaluating huma... | Aedes-borne viruses like dengue and chikungunya are a major problem in Reunion Island . Assessing exposure to Aedes bites is crucial to estimating the risk of pathogen transmission . Currently , the exposure of populations to Aedes albopictus bites is mainly evaluated by entomological methods which are indirect and dif... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"biology",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"viral",
"diseases",
"vectors",
"and",
"hosts"
] | 2012 | Evaluation of the Human IgG Antibody Response to Aedes albopictus Saliva as a New Specific Biomarker of Exposure to Vector Bites |
Although nucleotide-binding domain , leucine-rich repeat ( NLR ) proteins are the major immune receptors in plants , the mechanism that controls their activation and immune signaling remains elusive . Here , we report that the avirulence effector AvrPiz-t from Magnaporthe oryzae targets the rice E3 ligase APIP10 for de... | Rice is the staple food for half of the world’s population . Rice diseases are , however , the major threat for stable rice production worldwide . Elucidating the molecular basis is pivotal for the development of durable resistance to control rice diseases . We previously found that the RING finger E3 ligase APIP6 inte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"rna",
"interference",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"cereal",
"crops",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"model",
"organisms",
"crops",
"plant",
"pathology",
"epigenetics",
"plants",
"ligases",
"research",
"and",
"anal... | 2016 | The E3 Ligase APIP10 Connects the Effector AvrPiz-t to the NLR Receptor Piz-t in Rice |
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling ( IIS ) regulates development and metabolism , and modulates aging , of Caenorhabditis elegans . In nematodes , as in mammals , IIS is understood to operate through a kinase-phosphorylation cascade that inactivates the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor . Situated at the center of this pathway , p... | Insulin/IGF-1 signaling ( IIS ) impacts development , metabolism , and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans . It has been viewed as a cascade of kinase reactions , chiefly phosphorylation of other kinases , leading to inactivation of the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor . PI3K , a phosphatidylinositol kinase at the cent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structures",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Positive Feedback between Transcriptional and Kinase Suppression in Nematodes with Extraordinary Longevity and Stress Resistance |
Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus , a disease transmitted by Leptotrombidium mites which is responsible for a severe and under-reported public health burden throughout Southeast Asia . Here we use multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) to characterize 74 clinical isolates from three geographic ... | Scrub typhus , caused by the pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi , is endemic in Southeast Asia , including Laos , accounting for up to 15% of cases of undifferentiated fever in adult patients . Despite its public health importance , little is known about the genetics of the O . tsutsugamushi population in Laos—this inform... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Diversity and Geographical Structure of Orientia tsutsugamushi Strains from Scrub Typhus Patients in Laos |
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