Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stimulation with rhythmic light flicker ( photic driving ) plays an important role in the diagnosis of schizophrenia , mood disorder , migraine , and epilepsy . In particular , the adjustment of spontaneous brain rhythms to the stimulus frequency ( entrainment ) is used to assess the functional flexibility of the brain... | Neuroscience aims to understand the enormously complex function of the normal and diseased brain . This , in turn , is the key to explaining human behavior and to developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures . We develop and use models of mean activity in a single brain area , which provide a balance between ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"electroencephalography",
"circuit",
"models",
"clinical",
"neurophysiology",
"biology",
"nonlinear",
"dynamics",
"visual",
"system",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"physiology",... | 2011 | Modeling Brain Resonance Phenomena Using a Neural Mass Model |
Opisthorchis felineus , O . viverrini , and Clonorchis sinensis ( family Opisthorchiidae ) are parasitic flatworms that pose a serious threat to humans in some countries and cause opisthorchiasis/clonorchiasis . Chronic disease may lead to a risk of carcinogenesis in the biliary ducts . MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are small n... | Liver flukes of the family Opisthorchiidae cause diseases of the hepatobiliary system , known as opisthorchiasis/clonorchiasis . The chronic forms of these diseases greatly increase the risk of cancer developing in the biliary ducts . Much has been elucidated regarding the developmental biology of opisthorchiid flukes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Identification of microRNA Genes in Three Opisthorchiids |
KRAS mutant lung cancers are generally refractory to chemotherapy as well targeted agents . To date , the identification of drugs to therapeutically inhibit K-RAS have been unsuccessful , suggesting that other approaches are required . We demonstrate in both a novel transgenic mutant Kras lung cancer mouse model and in... | Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide . The Twist1 gene encodes for an essential transcription factor required for embryogenesis and overexpressed in many cancer types . It has yet to be shown in vivo whether Twist1 plays a role in the initiation or maintenance of cancer . Here we demonstrate u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"medicine",
"oncology",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"lung",
"and",
"intrathoracic",
"tumors",
"genetics",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"biology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"mouse",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Twist1 Suppresses Senescence Programs and Thereby Accelerates and Maintains Mutant Kras-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis |
Human metabolism involves thousands of reactions and metabolites . To interpret this complexity , computational modeling becomes an essential experimental tool . One of the most popular techniques to study human metabolism as a whole is genome scale modeling . A key challenge to applying genome scale modeling is identi... | Cellular metabolism is defined by a large , intricate network of thousands of components , and plays a fundamental role in many diseases . To study this network in its entirety , metabolic models have been built which encompass all known biochemical reactions in the human metabolism . However , since not all metabolic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"exchange",
"reactions",
... | 2016 | Reconstruction of Tissue-Specific Metabolic Networks Using CORDA |
Secretory polymorphic serine/threonine kinases control pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii in the mouse . Genetic studies show that the pseudokinase ROP5 is essential for acute virulence , but do not reveal its mechanism of action . Here we demonstrate that ROP5 controls virulence by blocking IFN-γ mediated clearance in ... | The ability of microorganisms to cause disease in their hosts is often mediated by proteins that are secreted by the pathogen into the host cell as a means of disarming host signaling . Previous studies with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii have revealed that secretion of parasite protein kinases into the host ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | The Polymorphic Pseudokinase ROP5 Controls Virulence in Toxoplasma gondii by Regulating the Active Kinase ROP18 |
High-throughput methods such as EST sequencing , microarrays and deep sequencing have identified large numbers of alternative splicing ( AS ) events , but studies have shown that only a subset of these may be functional . Here we report a sensitive bioinformatics approach that identifies exons with evidence of a strong... | Alternative splicing is an important mechanism for regulating gene function in complex organisms , and has been shown to play a key role in human diseases such as cancer . Recently , high-throughput technologies have been used in an effort to detect alternative splicing events throughout the human genome . However , va... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/alternative",
"splicing",
"molecular",
"biology/rna",
"splicing",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2009 | Predicting Functional Alternative Splicing by Measuring RNA Selection Pressure from Multigenome Alignments |
Many genome-wide datasets are routinely generated to study different aspects of biological systems , but integrating them to obtain a coherent view of the underlying biology remains a challenge . We propose simultaneous clustering of multiple networks as a framework to integrate large-scale datasets on the interactions... | The generation of high-dimensional datasets in the biological sciences has become routine ( protein interaction , gene expression , and DNA/RNA sequence data , to name a few ) , stretching our ability to derive novel biological insights from them , with even less effort focused on integrating these disparate datasets a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation"
] | 2010 | Simultaneous Clustering of Multiple Gene Expression and Physical Interaction Datasets |
In RNA silencing , small RNAs produced by the RNase-III Dicer guide Argonaute-like proteins as part of RNA-induced silencing complexes ( RISC ) to regulate gene expression transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally . Here , we have characterized the RNA silencing machinery and exhaustive small RNAome of Toxoplasma gon... | Toxoplasma gondii is an important human parasite that causes life-threatening diseases in developing fetuses and in immunocompromised individuals , especially AIDS and transplant patients . Curiously , the Toxoplasma genome is deprived of most of the basic transcription factors that regulate gene expression in other eu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"biochemistry/rna",
"structure",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"biochemistry/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epig... | 2010 | A Complex Small RNA Repertoire Is Generated by a Plant/Fungal-Like Machinery and Effected by a Metazoan-Like Argonaute in the Single-Cell Human Parasite Toxoplasma gondii |
Hybrid deterministic-stochastic methods provide an efficient alternative to a fully stochastic treatment of models which include components with disparate levels of stochasticity . However , general-purpose hybrid solvers for spatially resolved simulations of reaction-diffusion systems are not widely available . Here w... | Mechanisms of some cellular phenomena involve interactions of molecular systems of which one can be described deterministically , while the other is inherently stochastic . Calcium ‘sparks’ in cardiomyocytes is one such example , in which dynamics of calcium ions , which are usually present in large numbers , can be de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"ion",
"channels",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling... | 2016 | Numerical Approach to Spatial Deterministic-Stochastic Models Arising in Cell Biology |
Methylation of specific lysine residues in core histone proteins is essential for embryonic development and can impart active and inactive epigenetic marks on chromatin domains . The ubiquitous nuclear protein PTIP is encoded by the Paxip1 gene and is an essential component of a histone H3 lysine 4 ( H3K4 ) methyltrans... | While all cells contain essentially the same genome , adult differentiated cells have specific patterns of gene expression for unique physiological functions . Gene expression depends on specific proteins that activate some genes and repress others so that a stable pattern of expression is maintained . During embryonic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"nephrology/chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics"
] | 2010 | Altering a Histone H3K4 Methylation Pathway in Glomerular Podocytes Promotes a Chronic Disease Phenotype |
Upon viral infection , cells undergo apoptosis as a defense against viral replication . Viruses , in turn , have evolved elaborate mechanisms to subvert apoptotic processes . Here , we report that a novel viral mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein ( vMAP ) of murine γ-herpesvirus 68 ( γHV-68 ) interacts with Bcl-2 and ... | Apoptosis is a conserved cell death program that contributes to restriction of viral replication and elimination of infected cells . Whether triggered via internal inducers such as DNA damage or via external stimuli such as engagement of the death receptor , apoptosis takes place through a cascade of regulated internal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"viruses",
"eukaryotes",
"virology"
] | 2007 | A Novel Inhibitory Mechanism of Mitochondrion-Dependent Apoptosis by a Herpesviral Protein |
Schistosoma japonicum is a major public health concern in the Peoples' Republic of China ( PRC ) , with about 800 , 000 people infected and another 50 million living in areas at risk of infection . Based on ecological , environmental , population genetic and molecular factors , schistosomiasis transmission in PRC can b... | Schistosomiasis , caused by Schistosoma japonicum , is a significant parasitic disease and public health problem in China . How the parasite is transmitted there can be categorized into four distinct modes ( modes I–IV ) and it is predicted that the Three Gorges Dam , recently completed , will affect the way schistosom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"environmental",
"epidemiology",
... | 2012 | Five-Year Longitudinal Assessment of the Downstream Impact on Schistosomiasis Transmission following Closure of the Three Gorges Dam |
Animals use taste to sample and ingest essential nutrients for survival . Free fatty acids ( FAs ) are energy-rich nutrients that contribute to various cellular functions . Recent evidence suggests FAs are detected through the gustatory system to promote feeding . In Drosophila , phospholipase C ( PLC ) signaling in sw... | Fatty acids ( FAs ) are energy-rich nutrients that are detected through the gustatory system to promote feeding . Here , we show FA detection requires a Drosophila gustatory receptor , Gr64e . Although GR64e functions as a ligand-gated ion channel for glycerol detection , in FA sensing , it acts downstream of phospholi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"membrane",
"potential",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"ion",
"channels",
"mon... | 2018 | Drosophila Gr64e mediates fatty acid sensing via the phospholipase C pathway |
Leptospira interrogans are pathogenic spirochetes responsible for leptospirosis , a worldwide reemerging zoonosis . Many Leptospira serovars have been described , and prophylaxis using inactivated bacteria provides only short-term serovar-specific protection . Therefore , alternative approaches to limit severe leptospi... | Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic neglected disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira . In addition to cattle and pets , it affects one million people per year and causes 60000 deaths . Antibiotics are efficient when given early after infection , but because the symptoms are not specific , leptospirosis is difficult ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"immune",
"cells",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
... | 2019 | Innate immune memory through TLR2 and NOD2 contributes to the control of Leptospira interrogans infection |
In most meiotic systems , recombination is essential to form connections between homologs that ensure their accurate segregation from one another . Meiotic recombination is initiated by DNA double-strand breaks that are repaired using the homologous chromosome as a template . Studies of recombination in budding yeast h... | During meiosis , breaks are introduced into the DNA , then repaired to give either crossovers between homologous chromosomes ( these help to ensure correct segregation of these chromosomes from one another ) , or non-crossover products . Meiotic break repair mechanisms have been best studied in budding yeast , leading ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"nucleotide",
"excision",
"repair",
"meiosis",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"mismatch",
"repair",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"dna",
"gene",
"conversion",
"d... | 2014 | Eliminating Both Canonical and Short-Patch Mismatch Repair in Drosophila melanogaster Suggests a New Meiotic Recombination Model |
Porcine cysticercosis is caused by a zoonotic tapeworm , Taenia solium , which causes serious disease syndromes in human . Effective control of the parasite requires knowledge on the burden and pattern of the infections in order to properly direct limited resources . The objective of this study was to establish the spa... | Taenia solium is a tapeworm that causes two different disease conditions . In its adult stage , it inhabits the small intestine of human , a condition known as taeniosis , which is characterised by mild symptoms including abdominal disconfort . In the larval stage , T . solium can infect humans and various animal speci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/preventive",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Spatial Clustering of Porcine Cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Northern Tanzania |
Survival within macrophages is a central feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis . Despite significant advances in identifying new immunological parameters associated with mycobacterial disease , some basic questions on the intracellular fate of the causative agent of human tuberculosis in antigen-presenting... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most life-threatening pathogens of all time . Despite the development of vaccines and antibiotics , this pathogen is still a major public health problem . Also the HIV epidemic has an important impact on the rise of M . tuberculosis infections since immunodeficient people are hi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Phagosomal Rupture by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Results in Toxicity and Host Cell Death |
It has long been known that the brain is limited in the amount of sensory information that it can process at any given time . A well-known form of capacity limitation in vision is the set-size effect , whereby the time needed to find a target increases in the presence of distractors . The set-size effect implies that i... | It is well known that the brain is limited in the amount of sensory information that it can process at any given time . During an everyday task such as finding an object in a cluttered environment ( known as visual search ) , observers take longer to find a target as the number of distractors increases . This well-know... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Neuronal Correlates of the Set-Size Effect in Monkey Lateral Intraparietal Area |
Severe dengue disease is associated with high viral loads and overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines , suggesting impairment in the control of dengue virus ( DENV ) and the mechanisms that regulate cytokine production . Vitamin D3 has been described as an important modulator of immune responses to several pathoge... | Dengue represents a major worldwide concern for public health . Clinical complications rely on vascular leak of fluids and molecules from the bloodstream that leads to a potentially fatal hemodynamic compromise . Disease progression has been related to poor control of dengue virus ( DENV ) dissemination and excessive p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dengue",
"virus",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"micro... | 2017 | Human macrophages differentiated in the presence of vitamin D3 restrict dengue virus infection and innate responses by downregulating mannose receptor expression |
Most studies evaluating epidemiologic relationships between helminths and HIV have been conducted in the pre-ART era , and evidence of the impact of helminth infections on HIV disease progression remains conflicting . Less is known about helminth infection and clinical outcomes in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretr... | Intestinal parasites , diseases of poverty that infect low-income populations and decrease school attendance and earning potential , infect more than 1 billion people worldwide . Current international guidelines focus deworming campaigns on high-risk populations of preschool- and school-aged children , and women of chi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"helminths",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"hookworms",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
... | 2017 | Hookworm infection is associated with decreased CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-infected adult Ugandans |
Dengue virus ( DENV ) causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from self-limiting dengue fever to severe conditions such as haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome . Antibody-dependent enhancement ( ADE ) is thought to explain the occurrence of severe dengue whereby pre-existing binding but non-neutralising antibodie... | Epidemiological observations showed that 5–9 month old infants born to dengue immune mothers have increased risk of developing severe disease upon primary dengue infection . This disease enhancement has been associated with the presence of binding but non-neutralizing maternal dengue antibodies . The recent development... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neonatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"milk",
"radiochemistry",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"body",
"fluids",
"maternal",
"health",
"breast",
"milk",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases"... | 2016 | Relative Contribution of Dengue IgG Antibodies Acquired during Gestation or Breastfeeding in Mediating Dengue Disease Enhancement and Protection in Type I Interferon Receptor-Deficient Mice |
One of the key immunological characteristics of active visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a profound immunosuppression and impaired production of Interferon-γ ( IFN-γ ) . However , recent studies from Bihar in India showed using a whole blood assay , that whole blood cells have maintained the capacity to produce IFN-γ . ... | The leishmaniases , a group of diseases caused by Leishmania parasites , belong to the most neglected tropical diseases: they are mainly found in low-income countries and affect the poorest populations . These parasites infect cells of the immune system called macrophages , which can kill the intracellular parasites in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"kala-azar",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"cells",
"drugs",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"bi... | 2016 | Successful Treatment of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Restores Antigen-Specific IFN-γ, but not IL-10 Production |
In many bacteria , including Vibrio cholerae , cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate ( c-di-GMP ) controls the motile to biofilm life style switch . Yet , little is known about how this occurs . In this study , we report that changes in c-di-GMP concentration impact the biosynthesis of the MshA pili , resulting in alt... | The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae causes the debilitating disease cholera through ingestion of contaminated food and water . V . cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments . Transmission of V . cholerae to the human host is dependent on survival of the pathogen in aquatic reservoirs where it is challenge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | C-di-GMP Regulates Motile to Sessile Transition by Modulating MshA Pili Biogenesis and Near-Surface Motility Behavior in Vibrio cholerae |
Mobile group II introns consist of a catalytic intron RNA and an intron-encoded protein with reverse transcriptase activity , which act together in a ribonucleoprotein particle to promote DNA integration during intron mobility . Previously , we found that the Lactococcus lactis Ll . LtrB intron-encoded protein ( LtrA )... | Group II introns are bacterial mobile elements thought to be ancestors of introns—genetic material that is discarded from messenger RNA transcripts—and retroelements—genetic elements and viruses that replicate via reverse transcription—in higher organisms . They propagate by forming a complex consisting of the catalyti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | Group II Intron Protein Localization and Insertion Sites Are Affected by Polyphosphate |
Salmonella serovars Typhi ( S . Typhi ) and Paratyphi A ( S . Paratyphi A ) , the causative agents of enteric fever , have been routinely isolated organisms from the blood of febrile patients in the Kathmandu Valley since the early 1990s . Susceptibility against commonly used antimicrobials for treating enteric fever h... | Aiming to understand the epidemiology and changing patterns of the Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A within a single healthcare facility in Kathmandu , we retrospectively analysed 23 years of microbiological blood culture data . From 224 , 741 blood cultures performed , 30 , 353 were confirmed to be po... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"salmonella",
"typhi",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"enterobacteria... | 2017 | A 23-year retrospective investigation of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi isolated in a tertiary Kathmandu hospital |
Our ability to respond appropriately to infectious diseases is enhanced by identifying differences in the potential for transmitting infection between individuals . Here , we identify epidemiological traits of self-limited infections ( i . e . infections with an effective reproduction number satisfying ) that correlate... | The goal of this paper is to identify epidemiological factors that correlate with either an increased or decreased risk of transmitting a particular disease . We are particularly interested in identifying such factors for diseases that are self-limited ( meaning that infections tend to occur in isolated clusters ) , be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"dynamics",
"immunology",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"and",
"statistics",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"plant",
"science",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"populati... | 2014 | Detecting Differential Transmissibilities That Affect the Size of Self-Limited Outbreaks |
Parasitic helminths release molecular effectors into their hosts and these effectors can directly damage host tissue and modulate host immunity . Excreted/secreted proteins ( ESPs ) are one category of parasite molecular effectors that are critical to their success within the host . However , most studies of nematode E... | In this study we found a core set of 52 venom proteins conserved between two insect-parasitic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema carpocapsae , that are released when initially exposed to host tissue . Most of these proteins are conserved in mammalian-parasitic nematodes suggesting that this core set of prote... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials/methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"toxic",
"agents",
"toxicology",
"nematode",
"infections",
"toxicity",
"venoms",
"proteins",
"g... | 2019 | A core set of venom proteins is released by entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have begun to identify the common genetic component to ischaemic stroke ( IS ) . However , IS has considerable phenotypic heterogeneity . Where clinical covariates explain a large fraction of disease risk , covariate informed designs can increase power to detect associations . A... | Ischaemic stroke places an enormous burden on global healthcare . However , the disease processes that lead to stroke are not fully understood . Genome-wide association studies have recently established that common genetic variants can increase risk of ischaemic stroke and its subtypes . In this study , we aimed to ide... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"stroke",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cerebrovascular",
"diseases",
"ischemic",
"stroke",
"genome",
"analysis",
"neurology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"atherosclerosis",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
... | 2014 | A Novel MMP12 Locus Is Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke Using a Genome-Wide Age-at-Onset Informed Approach |
Herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) is a neurotropic virus causing vesicular oral or genital skin lesions , meningitis and other diseases particularly harmful in immunocompromised individuals . To comprehensively investigate the complex interaction between HSV-1 and its host we combined two genome-scale screens for h... | Herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) infects the vast majority of the global population . Whilst most people experience the relatively mild symptoms of cold sores , some individuals suffer more serious diseases like viral meningitis and encephalitis . HSV-1 is also becoming more common as a cause of genital herpes , t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | A Systematic Analysis of Host Factors Reveals a Med23-Interferon-λ Regulatory Axis against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication |
HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission allows for 2–3 orders of magnitude more efficient viral spread than cell-free dissemination . The high local multiplicity of infection ( MOI ) observed at cell-cell contact sites may lower the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies ( ART ) . Here we test the efficacy of commonly used antir... | HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission has gained interest due to its potential role in AIDS pathogenesis . It has recently been suggested that antiretroviral therapies fail during cell-to-cell transmission because of the high number of particles transferred at sites of cell-cell contacts . However , these findings stand in c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"hiv",
"virology",
"retrovirology",
"and",
"hiv",
"immunopathogenesis",
"biology",
"antivirals",
"m... | 2014 | Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies Are Effective against HIV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission |
The reproductive ground plan hypothesis ( RGPH ) proposes that the physiological pathways regulating reproduction were co-opted to regulate worker division of labor . Support for this hypothesis in honeybees is provided by studies demonstrating that the reproductive potential of workers , assessed by the levels of vite... | One of the main features of social insects is the division of labor , whereby queens monopolize reproduction while sterile workers perform all of the tasks related to colony maintenance . The workers usually do so in an age-dependent sequence: young workers tend to nurse the brood inside the nest and older workers are ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"population",
"biology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Vitellogenin Underwent Subfunctionalization to Acquire Caste and Behavioral Specific Expression in the Harvester Ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus |
Birds flying through a cluttered environment require the ability to choose routes that will take them through the environment safely and quickly . We have investigated some of the strategies by which they achieve this . We trained budgerigars to fly through a tunnel in which they encountered a barrier that offered two ... | Birds display a clear mastery of the skill of flying rapidly and safely through complex and cluttered environments . An example of this can be viewed at http://www . youtube . com/watch ? v=p-_RHRAzUHM , which shows a bird flying at high speed through a dense forest . Such mastery requires the ability to determine , fr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2014 | Behavioral Lateralization and Optimal Route Choice in Flying Budgerigars |
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis ( LF ) aims to eliminate the disease as a public health problem by 2020 by conducting mass drug administration ( MDA ) and controlling morbidity . Once elimination targets have been reached , surveillance is critical for ensuring that programmatic gains are sustain... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is caused by infection with filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquito bites . The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis aims to eliminate the disease as a public health problem by 2020 . Once elimination targets have been reached , cost-effective surveillance strategies ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"american",
"samoa",
"geomorphology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"education",
"landforms",
"sociology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"age",
"distribution",
"social",
"sciences",
"topography",
"tr... | 2017 | Detecting and confirming residual hotspots of lymphatic filariasis transmission in American Samoa 8 years after stopping mass drug administration |
Sensory neurons give highly variable responses to stimulation , which can limit the amount of stimulus information available to downstream circuits . Much work has investigated the factors that affect the amount of information encoded in these population responses , leading to insights about the role of covariability a... | Information about the outside world , which originates in sensory neurons , propagates through multiple stages of processing before reaching the neural structures that control behavior . While much work in neuroscience has investigated the factors that affect the amount of information contained in peripheral sensory ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"statistical",
"noise",
"ellipses",
"nervous",
"system",
"random",
"variables",
"geometry",
"neuroscience",
"covariance",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"algebra",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuronal",
"tuning",... | 2017 | Robust information propagation through noisy neural circuits |
Congenital heart disease ( CHD ) has a complex genetic etiology , and recent studies suggest that high penetrance de novo mutations may account for only a small fraction of disease . In a multi-institutional cohort surveyed by exome sequencing , combining analysis of 987 individuals ( discovery cohort of 59 affected tr... | Congenital heart disease ( CHD ) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity in the developed world . There are few prevalent clinical risk factors and though it is possible that up to 90% of risk for CHD may be genetic , the number of genes clinically associated with disease is small . Rather than grouping disparate CHD... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"alleles",
"developmental",
"biology",
"network",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"morphogenesis",
"cardiology",
"computer",
"and",
"inform... | 2016 | De Novo and Rare Variants at Multiple Loci Support the Oligogenic Origins of Atrioventricular Septal Heart Defects |
Protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism to regulate protein functions . However , the contribution of this protein modification to species divergence is still largely unknown . Here , we studied the evolution of mammalian phosphoregulation by comparing the human and mouse phosphoproteomes . We found that 84% of the ... | Understanding how differences in cellular regulation lead to phenotypic differences between species remains an open challenge in evolutionary genetics . The extensive phosphorylation data currently available allows to compare the human and mouse phosphoproteomes and to measure changes in their phosphoregulation . We fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequence",
"analysis",
"systems",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"natural",
"selection",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"population",
"genetics",
"s... | 2014 | Functional Divergence and Evolutionary Turnover in Mammalian Phosphoproteomes |
For nearly 20 years , the principal biological function of the HIV-2/SIV Vpx gene has been thought to be required for optimal virus replication in myeloid cells . Mechanistically , this Vpx activity was recently reported to involve the degradation of Sterile Alpha Motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 ( SAMHD1 ) in ... | Primate lentiviruses , such as HIV and its SIV simian relative , encode accessory proteins that suppress cellular restriction factors interfering with efficient replication . One of these , designated Vpx , is produced in infected cells by HIV-2 and some SIV strains , which cause endemic infections in African monkeys .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Expression of Functional Vpx during Pathogenic SIVmac Infections of Rhesus Macaques Suppresses SAMHD1 in CD4+ Memory T Cells |
Fatty liver disease ( FLD ) is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and is accompanied by secretory pathway dysfunction , resulting in induction of the unfolded protein response ( UPR ) . Activating transcription factor 6 ( ATF6 ) , one of three main UPR sensors , functions to both promote FLD during acut... | Fatty liver disease ( steatosis ) is the most common liver disease worldwide and is commonly caused by obesity , type 2 diabetes , or alcohol abuse . All of these conditions are associated with impaired hepatocyte protein secretion , resulting in hypoproteinemia that contributes to the systemic complications of these d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"osteichthyes",
"animal",
"models",
"zebrafish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"alcoholic",
"liver",
"disease",
"model",
"organisms",
"fishes",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"genetics... | 2014 | Activating Transcription Factor 6 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Zebrafish |
A major question in evolutionary biology is how natural selection has shaped patterns of genetic variation across the human genome . Previous work has documented a reduction in genetic diversity in regions of the genome with low recombination rates . However , it is unclear whether other summaries of genetic variation ... | While researchers have identified candidate genes that have evolved under positive Darwinian natural selection , less is known about how much of the human genome has been affected by natural selection or whether positive selection has had a greater role at shaping patterns of variation across the human genome than nega... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neutral",
"theory",
"population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"selection",
"mutation",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"theory",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"drift",
"adaptation"... | 2011 | Natural Selection Affects Multiple Aspects of Genetic Variation at Putatively Neutral Sites across the Human Genome |
Stochastic simulation has been a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of gene regulatory networks , particularly in terms of understanding how cell-phenotype stability and fate-transitions are impacted by noisy gene expression . However , gene networks often have dynamics characterized by multiple attractors . Stoch... | Cell phenotypes are controlled by complex interactions between genes , proteins , and other molecules within a cell , along with signals from the cell’s environment . Gene regulatory networks ( GRNs ) describe these interactions mathematically . In principle , a GRN model can produce a map of possible cell phenotypes a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"markov",
"models",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"mathematics",
"stem",
"cells",
"network",
"analysis",
"transcription",
"factors",
"epigenetics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"c... | 2018 | Rare-event sampling of epigenetic landscapes and phenotype transitions |
Praziquantel ( PZQ ) is the only widely available drug to treat schistosomiasis . Given the potential for drug resistance , it is prudent to search for novel therapeutics . Identification of anti-schistosomal chemicals has traditionally relied on phenotypic ( whole organism ) screening with adult worms in vitro and/or ... | The flatworm disease schistosomiasis infects over 200 million people with just one drug ( praziquantel ) available—a concern should drug resistance develop . Present drug discovery approaches for schistosomiasis are slow and not conducive to automation in a high-throughput format . Therefore , we designed a three-compo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"chemical",
"biology/small",
"molecule",
"chemistry",
"pathology",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"biochemistry/drug",
"discovery"
] | 2009 | Drug Discovery for Schistosomiasis: Hit and Lead Compounds Identified in a Library of Known Drugs by Medium-Throughput Phenotypic Screening |
Primarily impacting poor , rural populations , the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi is now the main cause of human malaria within Malaysian Borneo . While data is increasingly available on symptomatic cases , little is known about community-level patterns of exposure and infection . Understanding the true burden of... | Plasmodium knowlesi is a species of malaria parasite found in wild macaque populations which is now the main cause of human malaria in Malaysian Borneo . Spread from macaques to people through infected mosquitoes , human P . knowlesi malaria cases have primarily been reported in adult men working in forests or plantati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"plasmodium",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"mammals",
"prim... | 2018 | Exposure and infection to Plasmodium knowlesi in case study communities in Northern Sabah, Malaysia and Palawan, The Philippines |
Over the recent years , several homologues with varying degrees of genetic relatedness to hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) have been identified in a wide range of mammalian species . HCV infectious life cycle relies on a first critical proteolytic event of its single polyprotein , which is carried out by nonstructural protein... | Despite remarkable progress in the development of therapeutic options , more than 70 million individuals are chronically infected by hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) worldwide and major challenges in basic and translational research remain . Phylogenetically-related HCV homologues have recently been identified in the wild in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"hepacivirus",
"pathogens",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"precursor",
"cells",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"crys... | 2018 | NS2 proteases from hepatitis C virus and related hepaciviruses share composite active sites and previously unrecognized intrinsic proteolytic activities |
The mechanism by which mice , exposed to the cold , mobilize endogenous or exogenous fuel sources for heat production is unknown . To address this issue we carried out experiments using 3 models of obesity in mice: C57BL/6J+/+ ( wild-type B6 ) mice with variable susceptibility to obesity in response to being fed a high... | Current knowledge does not provide a clear , definite view of central mechanisms controlling energy balance upon cold-activated thermogenesis . Here we show that upon cold exposure lean mice maintain body composition but increase food intake to fuel thermogenesis , whereas cold-exposed mice with DIO utilize endogenous ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Npvf: Hypothalamic Biomarker of Ambient Temperature Independent of Nutritional Status |
Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus ( 2009 H1N1 ) differs from H1N1 strains that circulated in the past 50 years , but resembles the A/New Jersey/1976 H1N1 strain used in the 1976 swine influenza vaccine . We investigated whether sera from persons immunized with the 1976 swine influenza or recent seasonal influenza va... | Influenza A viruses mutate to escape neutralization by antibodies . These mutations predominantly occur in the globular head of the hemagglutinin protein , while the stalk is more conserved . Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus differs from seasonal H1N1 strains that circulated in the past 50 years and resembles a strai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"viral",
"vaccines",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"immunizations",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"biology",
"viral",
"envelope",
"... | 2011 | Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies to Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Recent Seasonal H1N1 Influenza A Strains Influenced by a Mutation in Hemagglutinin Subunit 2 |
The Wnt family of secreted proteins has been proposed to play a conserved role in early specification of the bilaterian anteroposterior ( A/P ) axis . This hypothesis is based predominantly on data from vertebrate embryogenesis as well as planarian regeneration and homeostasis , indicating that canonical Wnt ( cWnt ) s... | The anteroposterior ( A/P ) axis is a conserved feature of bilateral animals and is defined in the anterior by a head and in the posterior by a trunk . The secreted family of Wnt proteins and their antagonists play a conserved role in setting up this axis during early development in many bilaterians . The widely accept... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"blastulas",
"animal",
"taxonomy",
"developmental",
"biology",
"data",
"management",
"embryos",
"zoology",
"ectoderm",
"embryology",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"gastrulas",
"signal",
"transduction",
"eukaryota",
"ac... | 2018 | Anteroposterior axis patterning by early canonical Wnt signaling during hemichordate development |
Type 1 Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptors ( STKR1 ) transduce a wide spectrum of biological signals mediated by TGF-β superfamily members . The STKR1 activity is tightly controlled by their regulatory glycine-serine rich ( GS ) domain adjacent to the kinase domain . Despite decades of studies , it remains unknown how ph... | Kinases play central role in essential physiological process and are attractive therapeutic drug targets . One of the important kinase families is Type 1 Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptors ( STKR1 ) , which control gene expression in response to extracellular growth factors . The activities of STKR1 are tightly controll... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"luciferase",
"crystal",
"structure",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"enzymes",
"electricity",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"electrostatics",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"crystallography",
"thermodyna... | 2017 | Polymodal allosteric regulation of Type 1 Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptors via a conserved electrostatic lock |
The organization of the Escherichia coli chromosome into a ring composed of four macrodomains and two less-structured regions influences the segregation of sister chromatids and the mobility of chromosomal DNA . The structuring of the terminus region ( Ter ) into a macrodomain relies on the interaction of the protein M... | The large size of genomes compared to cell dimensions imposes an extensive compaction of chromosomes compatible with various processes of DNA metabolism , such as gene expression or segregation of the genetic information . Most bacterial genomes are circular molecules , and DNA replication proceeds bidirectionally from... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Long-Range Chromosome Organization in E. coli: A Site-Specific System Isolates the Ter Macrodomain |
The morphogenesis of retroviral particles is driven by Gag and GagPol proteins that provide the major structural component and enzymatic activities required for particle assembly and maturation . In addition , a number of cellular proteins are found in retrovirus particles; some of these are important for viral replica... | The assembly and maturation of infectious retroviruses is driven by two viral proteins , Gag and Pol . Additionally , a number of cellular proteins are found in retrovirus particles , many of which lack a known functional role . One such protein is clathrin , which normally mediates several physiological processes in c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Clathrin Facilitates the Morphogenesis of Retrovirus Particles |
Neurons encode information in sequences of spikes , which are triggered when their membrane potential crosses a threshold . In vivo , the spiking threshold displays large variability suggesting that threshold dynamics have a profound influence on how the combined input of a neuron is encoded in the spiking . Threshold ... | Neurons spike when their membrane potential exceeds a threshold value , but this value has been shown to be variable in the same neuron recorded in vivo . This variability could reflect noise , or deterministic processes that make the threshold vary with the membrane potential . The second alternative would have import... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Spike-Threshold Adaptation Predicted by Membrane Potential Dynamics In Vivo |
Determining the total number of charged residues corresponding to a given value of net charge for peptides and proteins in gas phase is crucial for the interpretation of mass-spectrometry data , yet it is far from being understood . Here we show that a novel computational protocol based on force field and massive densi... | In the last two decades mass spectrometry has given an impressive contribution to biochemistry , protein science , proteomics and structural biology . This technique offers powerful insights into protein structure and dynamics along with useful information on the role of solvent in protein stability as it is able to pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysics/protein",
"chemistry",
"and",
"proteomics",
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation"
] | 2010 | On the Zwitterionic Nature of Gas-Phase Peptides and Protein Ions |
There is an urgent need for an improved diagnostic assay for typhoid fever . In this current study , we compared the recently developed TPTest ( Typhoid and Paratyphoid Test ) with the Widal test , blood culture , and two commonly used commercially available kits , Tubex and Typhidot . For analysis , we categorized 92 ... | We compared the performance of the recently developed TPTest ( Typhoid and Paratyphoid Test ) with the Widal test , blood culture , and commercially available kits , Tubex and Typhidot in diagnosing the patients with typhoid fever . There is no acceptable gold standard; therefore , we estimated the sensitivity and spec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"microbial",
"cultures",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"salmonella",
"typhi",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs... | 2016 | Comparison of the Performance of the TPTest, Tubex, Typhidot and Widal Immunodiagnostic Assays and Blood Cultures in Detecting Patients with Typhoid Fever in Bangladesh, Including Using a Bayesian Latent Class Modeling Approach |
Chlamydia trachomatis , the causative agent of trachoma and sexually transmitted infections , employs a type III secretion ( T3S ) system to deliver effector proteins into host epithelial cells to establish a replicative vacuole . Aside from the phosphoprotein TARP , a Chlamydia effector that promotes actin re-arrangem... | Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes a range of human diseases of significant public health importance . To create a suitable replicative niche within its host , Chlamydia delivers effector proteins across mammalian membranes via a syringe-like apparatus termed a Type III se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mutagenesis",
"signal",
"transduction",
"gram",
"negative",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"tyrosine",
"kinase",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"bacterial",
... | 2014 | The Chlamydia trachomatis Type III Secretion Chaperone Slc1 Engages Multiple Early Effectors, Including TepP, a Tyrosine-phosphorylated Protein Required for the Recruitment of CrkI-II to Nascent Inclusions and Innate Immune Signaling |
Dengue virus transmission occurs in both epidemic and endemic cycles across tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world . Incidence is particularly high in much of Southeast Asia , where hyperendemic transmission plagues both urban and rural populations . However , endemicity has not been established in some areas w... | Reports from sub-tropical regions of the world suggest a growing risk of introduction and establishment of dengue viruses ( DENV ) in new locales . Recent dengue epidemics in northern Viet Nam present an opportunity to study how DENV invades and spreads in these environments . The proximity of this region to tropical a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Dengue Virus in Sub-tropical Northern and Central Viet Nam: Population Immunity and Climate Shape Patterns of Viral Invasion and Maintenance |
In multi-cellular organisms , tissue homeostasis is maintained by an exquisite balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation . This equilibrium can be achieved either at the single cell level ( a . k . a . cell asymmetry ) , where stem cells follow strict asymmetric divisions , or the population level ( a... | In multi-cellular organisms , there is a static equilibrium maintaining cells of various forms . This homeostasis is achieved by an exquisite balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation . Understanding how different species and organ types maintain this dynamic equilibrium has been an interesting questi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Age-Dependent Transition from Cell-Level to Population-Level Control in Murine Intestinal Homeostasis Revealed by Coalescence Analysis |
Neurons process information via integration of synaptic inputs from dendrites . Many experimental results demonstrate dendritic integration could be highly nonlinear , yet few theoretical analyses have been performed to obtain a precise quantitative characterization analytically . Based on asymptotic analysis of a two-... | A neuron , as a fundamental unit of brain computation , exhibits extraordinary computational power in processing input signals from neighboring neurons . It usually integrates thousands of synaptic inputs from its dendrites to achieve information processing . This process is known as dendritic integration . To elucidat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Bilinearity in Spatiotemporal Integration of Synaptic Inputs |
A long-standing goal in biology is to establish the link between function , structure , and dynamics of proteins . Considering that protein function at the molecular level is understood by the ability of proteins to bind to other molecules , the limited structural data of proteins in association with other bio-molecule... | Proteins participate in most of the doings of the cells through a variety of interactions . There is an intimate relationship between the function of a protein and its three-dimensional structure , but understanding this relationship remains an unsolved problem , in part due to the limited information on protein struct... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"biochemistry/bioinformatics"
] | 2008 | Computer-Based Screening of Functional Conformers of Proteins |
We measured the amplitude of conformational motion in the ATP-binding cassette ( ABC ) transporter MsbA upon lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) binding and following ATP turnover by pulse double electron-electron resonance and fluorescence homotransfer . The distance constraints from both methods reveal large-scale movement of... | Clinical multidrug resistance in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections and cancer chemotherapy can result from the expression of pumps that extrude toxic molecules from the cell . A subclass of these pumps—ATP-binding cassette ( ABC ) transporters—use energy from ATP to remove a wide range of molecules . Msb... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Conformational Motion of the ABC Transporter MsbA Induced by ATP Hydrolysis |
Horizontal gene transfer ( HGT ) plays a central role in bacterial evolution , yet the molecular and cellular constraints on functional integration of the foreign genes are poorly understood . Here we performed inter-species replacement of the chromosomal folA gene , encoding an essential metabolic enzyme dihydrofolate... | Horizontal gene transfer ( HGT ) is central to bacterial evolution . The outcome of an HGT event ( fixation in a population , elimination , or separation as a subdominant clone ) depends not only on the availability of a new gene but crucially on the fitness cost or benefit of the genomic incorporation of the foreign g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Protein Homeostasis Imposes a Barrier on Functional Integration of Horizontally Transferred Genes in Bacteria |
Neuronal microcircuits generate oscillatory activity , which has been linked to basic functions such as sleep , learning and sensorimotor gating . Although synaptic release processes are well known for their ability to shape the interaction between neurons in microcircuits , most computational models do not simulate th... | The activity of neuronal networks underlies basic neural functions such as sleep , learning and sensorimotor gating . Computational models of neuronal networks have been developed to capture the complexity of the network activity and predict how neuronal networks generate spontaneous activity . However , most computati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Shaping Neuronal Network Activity by Presynaptic Mechanisms |
With a genome size of ∼580 kb and approximately 480 protein coding regions , Mycoplasma genitalium is one of the smallest known self-replicating organisms and , additionally , has extremely fastidious nutrient requirements . The reduced genomic content of M . genitalium has led researchers to suggest that the molecular... | There is growing interest in elucidating the minimal number of genes needed for life . This challenge is important not just for fundamental but also practical considerations arising from the need to design microorganisms exquisitely tuned for particular applications . The genome of the pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | A Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction of Mycoplasma genitalium, iPS189 |
Chronic disease caused by infections , cancer or autoimmunity can result in profound immune suppression . Immunoregulatory networks are established to prevent tissue damage caused by inflammation . Although these immune checkpoints preserve tissue function , they allow pathogens and tumors to persist , and even expand ... | Despite a decline in the numbers of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) cases and the availability of drugs to treat patients , there is still a need for more efficient treatment options . This is especially important as many VL endemic areas enter phases of disease elimination where parasite burdens need to be reduced as fa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"... | 2016 | Combined Immune Therapy for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis |
In Bangladesh , pharmacy-purchased oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) is often used to treat diarrhea , including cholera . Over-the-counter sales have been used for epidemiologic surveillance in the past , but rarely , if ever , in low-income countries . With few early indicators for cholera outbreaks in endemic areas ... | In Bangladesh , people often purchase oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) at their neighborhood pharmacy to treat diarrhea , including cholera . Over-the-counter sales have been used for epidemiologic surveillance , but rarely in low-income countries . With few early indicators for cholera outbreaks in endemic areas , di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Tracking Cholera through Surveillance of Oral Rehydration Solution Sales at Pharmacies: Insights from Urban Bangladesh |
The place theory proposed by Jeffress ( 1948 ) is still the dominant model of how the brain represents the movement of sensory stimuli between sensory receptors . According to the place theory , delays in signalling between neurons , dependent on the distances between them , compensate for time differences in the stimu... | To perceive how stimuli move over sensor surfaces like the retina or the fingertips , neurons in the brain must report the relative timing of signals arriving at different locations on the sensor surface . The rat whisker system is ideal for exploring how the brain performs this computation , because the layout of a sm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"auditory",
"system",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"sensory",
"perception",
"coding",
"mechanisms"
] | 2011 | Neural Computation via Neural Geometry: A Place Code for Inter-whisker Timing in the Barrel Cortex? |
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Chagas disease , caused by Trypanosoma cruzi . Prostanoids are regulators of homeostasis and inflammation and are produced mainly by myeloid cells , being cyclooxygenases , COX-1 and COX-2 , the key enzymes in their biosynthesis from arachidonic acid ( AA )... | The role of prostanoids , products of the arachidonic acid pathway , during Trypanosoma cruzi infection has been studied by inhibiting key enzymes in prostanoid synthesis as cyclooxygenases ( COX-1 and COX-2 ) , with opposed results . Here we analyzed the expression of cyclooxygenases , prostanoid synthases and recepto... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2 Signaling through Prostaglandin Receptor EP-2 Favor the Development of Myocarditis during Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection |
Whether unique to humans or not , consciousness is a central aspect of our experience of the world . The neural fingerprint of this experience , however , remains one of the least understood aspects of the human brain . In this paper we employ graph-theoretic measures and support vector machine classification to assess... | One of the most elusive aspects of the human brain is the neural fingerprint of the subjective feeling of consciousness . While a growing body of experimental evidence is starting to address this issue , to date we are still hard pressed to answer even basic questions concerning the nature of consciousness in humans as... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Dynamic Change of Global and Local Information Processing in Propofol-Induced Loss and Recovery of Consciousness |
Disseminated histoplasmosis , a disease that often resembles and is mistaken for tuberculosis , is a major cause of death in patients with advanced HIV disease . Histoplasma antigen detection tests are an important addition to the diagnostic arsenal for patients with advanced HIV disease and should be considered for in... | Disseminated histoplasmosis , a disease that often resembles and is mistaken for tuberculosis , is a major cause of death in patients with advanced HIV disease . Histoplasma antigen detection tests are an important addition to the diagnostic arsenal for patients with advanced HIV disease and should be considered for in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"histoplasmosis",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"drug",
"delivery",
"system",
"preparation",
"antigen",
"encapsulation",
"rna",
... | 2018 | Histoplasma capsulatum antigen detection tests as an essential diagnostic tool for patients with advanced HIV disease in low and middle income countries: A systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies |
Recent studies have found that extracellular vesicles ( EVs ) play an important role in normal and disease processes . In the present study , we isolated and characterized EVs from the brains of rhesus macaques , both with and without simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) induced central nervous system ( CNS ) disease ... | HIV associated neurocognitive disorder ( HAND ) are neurological disorders caused due to the entry of HIV infection in the brain . HIV-1 does not directly infect central or peripheral neurons , however , virus-infected cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage maintain a low-level HIV infection in the CNS . "Indirect ef... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | MiR-21 in Extracellular Vesicles Leads to Neurotoxicity via TLR7 Signaling in SIV Neurological Disease |
To further its pathogenesis , S . Typhimurium delivers effector proteins into host cells , including the novel E3 ubiquitin ligase ( NEL ) effector SspH2 . Using model systems in a cross-kingdom approach we gained further insight into the molecular function of this effector . Here , we show that SspH2 modulates innate ... | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium injects a suite of type III effectors into host cells , but their contributions to pathogenesis remain incompletely understood . We performed cross-kingdom analyses of the S . Typhimurium novel E3 ubiquitin ligase ( NEL ) effector SspH2 using animal , plant and yeast model system... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"and",
"algal",
"models",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"division",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"salmonella",
"micro... | 2013 | The Salmonella Type III Effector SspH2 Specifically Exploits the NLR Co-chaperone Activity of SGT1 to Subvert Immunity |
Leptospirosis is one of the most important neglected tropical infectious diseases worldwide . Icterohaemorrhagiae has been throughout recent history , and still is , the predominant serogroup of this pathogen in China . However , very little in detail is known about the serovars or genotypes of this serogroup . In this... | Leptospirosis , caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp , is a globally widespread zoonosis . In this study , our focusing on serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae strains of Leptospira using MLST as a tool for phylogenetic analysis that has led to a better understanding of evolution of Leptospira . This totally consisted of 120 e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Leptospira Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae Strains Circulating in China during the Past 50 Years |
Simian immunodeficiency viruses of sooty mangabeys ( SIVsm ) are the source of multiple , successful cross-species transmissions , having given rise to HIV-2 in humans , SIVmac in rhesus macaques , and SIVstm in stump-tailed macaques . Cellular assays and phylogenetic comparisons indirectly support a role for TRIM5α , ... | The human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses ( SIVs ) from chimpanzees ( SIVcpz ) and sooty mangabeys ( SIVsm ) , respectively . A related virus , SIVmac , causes AIDS-like pathogenesis in rhesus macaques; like HIV-2 , SIVmac is the pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | TRIM5 Suppresses Cross-Species Transmission of a Primate Immunodeficiency Virus and Selects for Emergence of Resistant Variants in the New Species |
Pollen tubes extend through pistil tissues and are guided to ovules where they release sperm for fertilization . Although pollen tubes can germinate and elongate in a synthetic medium , their trajectory is random and their growth rates are slower compared to growth in pistil tissues . Furthermore , interaction with the... | For successful reproduction in flowering plants , a single-celled pollen tube must rapidly extend through female pistil tissue , locate female gametes , and deliver sperm . Pollen tubes undergo a dramatic transformation while growing in the pistil; they grow faster compared to tubes grown in vitro and become competent ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expres... | 2009 | Penetration of the Stigma and Style Elicits a Novel Transcriptome in Pollen Tubes, Pointing to Genes Critical for Growth in a Pistil |
Recent large cancer studies have measured somatic alterations in an unprecedented number of tumours . These large datasets allow the identification of cancer-related sets of genetic alterations by identifying relevant combinatorial patterns . Among such patterns , mutual exclusivity has been employed by several recent ... | Sequencing technologies allow the measurement of somatic alterations in a large number of cancer samples . Several methods have been designed to analyze these alterations , but the characterization of the functional effects of such alterations is still challenging . A recent promising approach for such characterization... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"employment",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mutation",
"mathematics",
"pharmacology",
"discrete",
"mathematics",
"co... | 2019 | Efficient algorithms to discover alterations with complementary functional association in cancer |
Nitric oxide ( NO ) , a key antimicrobial molecule , was previously shown to exert a dual role in paracoccidioidomycosis , an endemic fungal infection in Latin America . In the intravenous and peritoneal models of infection , NO production was associated with efficient fungal clearance but also with non-organized granu... | Paracoccidiodomycosis is a human systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America that has a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from localized to fatal disseminated forms . Both in humans and experimental models , immunoprotection is mediated by T cell immunity whereas immunosuppression is associated with the severe form... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"mycology",
"immunity",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2013 | TNF-α and CD8+ T Cells Mediate the Beneficial Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase-2 Deficiency in Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis |
Chloroquine combined with primaquine has been the recommended antimalarial treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria infections for six decades but the efficacy of this treatment regimen is threatened by chloroquine resistance ( CQR ) . Single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in the multidrug resistance gene , Pvmdr1 are ... | Chloroquine combined with primaquine has been the recommended antimalarial treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria infections for sixty years but the efficacy of this treatment regimen is threatened by chloroquine resistance . In this study we describe the prevalence of mutations in the P . vivax gene , Pvmdr1 among sam... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Multiple Origins of Mutations in the mdr1 Gene—A Putative Marker of Chloroquine Resistance in P. vivax |
Many previous studies on visual search have reported inter-trial effects , that is , observers respond faster when some target property , such as a defining feature or dimension , or the response associated with the target repeats versus changes across consecutive trial episodes . However , what processes drive these i... | When a perceptual task is performed repeatedly , performance becomes faster and more accurate when there is little or no change of critical stimulus attributes across consecutive trials . This phenomenon has been explored in previous studies on visual ‘pop-out’ search , showing that participants can find and respond to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"decision",
"making",
"reaction",
"time",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"probability",
"distribution",
"computer",
"vision",
"cognition",
"memory",
"vis... | 2018 | Inter-trial effects in visual pop-out search: Factorial comparison of Bayesian updating models |
The self-fertile nematode worms Caenorhabditis elegans , C . briggsae , and C . tropicalis evolved independently from outcrossing male-female ancestors and have genomes 20-40% smaller than closely related outcrossing relatives . This pattern of smaller genomes for selfing species and larger genomes for closely related ... | Closely related species can vary widely in genome size , yet the genetic and evolutionary forces responsible for these differences are poorly understood . Among Caenorhabditis nematodes , self-fertilizing species have genomes 20–40% smaller than outcrossing species . Constructing a high quality de novo genome assembly ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Reproductive Mode and the Evolution of Genome Size and Structure in Caenorhabditis Nematodes |
Adaptive behavior often exploits generalizations from past experience by applying them judiciously in new situations . This requires a means of quantifying the relative importance of prior experience and current information , so they can be balanced optimally . In this study , we ask whether the brain generalizes in an... | Intelligent behavior requires flexible responses to new situations , which exploit learned principles or abstractions . When no such principles exist , the imperative is to learn quickly from scratch . Behaviorally , we show that subjects learn action-reward relationships in a manner that enables them to generalize rul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"psychology",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Learning and Generalization under Ambiguity: An fMRI Study |
Antibiotic regimens often include the sequential changing of drugs to limit the development and evolution of resistance of bacterial pathogens . It remains unclear how history of adaptation to one antibiotic can influence the resistance profiles when bacteria subsequently adapt to a different antibiotic . Here , we exp... | Bacteria readily adapt to their environments and can develop ways to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics . While many studies have investigated how bacteria evolve to become resistant to single drugs , it is unclear how adaptation to other drugs and environments in the past affect the way bacteria adapt to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"antimicrobials",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"pharmaceutics",
"antibiotics",
... | 2017 | History of antibiotic adaptation influences microbial evolutionary dynamics during subsequent treatment |
Cerebral malaria ( CM ) is a complex parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium sp . Failure to establish an appropriate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses is believed to contribute to the development of cerebral pathology . Using the blood-stage PbA ( Plasmodium berghei ANKA ) model of infection ,... | Cerebral malaria ( CM ) caused by the parasite Plasmodium sp . is a fatal disease , especially in children . Currently there is no effective treatment . We report here our investigation on the role of a recently discovered cytokine IL-33 , in treating experimental cerebral malaria ( ECM ) in the susceptible C57BL/6 mic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | IL-33-Mediated Protection against Experimental Cerebral Malaria Is Linked to Induction of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells, M2 Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells |
Hookworm infections are significant public health issues in South-East Asia . In women of reproductive age , chronic hookworm infections cause iron deficiency anaemia , which , upon pregnancy , can lead to intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight . Low birth weight is an important risk factor for neonatal a... | Low birth weight is an important risk factor for neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality and may impact on growth and development . Maternal iron deficiency anaemia contributes to intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight . Hookworm infections and an iron-depleted diet may lead to iron deficiency anaemia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine"
] | 2012 | Increased Birth Weight Associated with Regular Pre-Pregnancy Deworming and Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation for Vietnamese Women |
To develop a valid and reliable quantitative measure of leprosy Type 1 reactions . A scale was developed from previous scales which had not been validated . The face and content validity were assessed following consultation with recognised experts in the field . The construct validity was determined by applying the sca... | Leprosy is caused by a bacterium and is curable with a combination of antibiotics known as multi-drug therapy which patients take for six or 12 months . However , a significant proportion of leprosy patients experience inflammation in their skin and/or nerves which may occur even after successful completion of multi-dr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/skin",
"infections"
] | 2008 | Development and Validation of a Severity Scale for Leprosy Type 1 Reactions |
Kallmann syndrome ( KS ) associates congenital hypogonadism due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH ) deficiency and anosmia . The genetics of KS involves various modes of transmission , including oligogenic inheritance . Here , we report that Nrp1sema/sema mutant mice that lack a functional semaphorin-binding dom... | Kallmann syndrome is a hereditary developmental disease that affects both the hormonal reproductive axis and the sense of smell . There is a developmental link between the reproductive and olfactory disorders: neuroendocrine cells producing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone that is deficient in the patients normally m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"endocrinology",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"neuroendocrinology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | SEMA3A, a Gene Involved in Axonal Pathfinding, Is Mutated in Patients with Kallmann Syndrome |
The methylation of cytosines in CpG dinucleotides is essential for cellular differentiation and the progression of many cancers , and it plays an important role in gametic imprinting . To assess variation and inheritance of genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation simultaneously in humans , we applied reduced representa... | DNA methylation is a dynamic epigenetic mark that is essential for mammalian organismal development . DNA methylation levels can be influenced by environment , a chromosome's parental origin , and genome sequence . In this study , we evaluated the impact that DNA sequence has on DNA methylation by analyzing methylation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"functional",
"genomics",
"x",
"chromosome",
"inactivation",
"genomic",
"imprinting",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Analysis of DNA Methylation in a Three-Generation Family Reveals Widespread Genetic Influence on Epigenetic Regulation |
Nonallelic homologous recombination ( NAHR ) between highly similar duplicated sequences generates chromosomal deletions , duplications and inversions , which can cause diverse genetic disorders . Little is known about interindividual variation in NAHR rates and the factors that influence this . We estimated the rate o... | Many genetic disorders are caused by deletions of specific regions of DNA in sperm or egg cells that go on to produce a child . This can occur through ectopic homologous recombination between highly similar segments of DNA at different positions within the genome . Little is known about the differences in rates of dele... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease"
] | 2014 | The Rate of Nonallelic Homologous Recombination in Males Is Highly Variable, Correlated between Monozygotic Twins and Independent of Age |
Interactions between individuals and the structure of their environment play a crucial role in shaping self-organized collective behaviors . Recent studies have shown that ants crossing asymmetrical bifurcations in a network of galleries tend to follow the branch that deviates the least from their incoming direction . ... | Most ant species form transportation networks , be they foraging trails linking food sources to the main colony or underground galleries connecting the different parts of the nest . As for human transportation networks ( roads , airlines , etc . ) , the design and the placement of the connecting points ( or nodes ) dra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"bioengineering",
"animal",
"behavior",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"biology",
"zoology",
"neuroscience",
"biomimetics"
] | 2013 | Do Ants Need to Estimate the Geometrical Properties of Trail Bifurcations to Find an Efficient Route? A Swarm Robotics Test Bed |
Oscillating levels of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones are essential for optimal gene expression , and for maintaining physiological and behavioural responsiveness to stress . The biological basis for these oscillations is not known , but a neuronal “pulse generator” within the hypothalamus has remained a popular hypoth... | Glucocorticoid steroid hormones , such as cortisol and corticosterone , provide a rapid response to both physical and psychological stress , and act on areas of the brain that influence learning , memory , and behaviour . Glucocorticoids are released from the adrenal glands in near-hourly pulses , which results in osci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"pituitary",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"homeostatic",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience",
"hormones",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"mathematics",
"endocrine",
"glands",
"endocrine",
"cells",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"endocrinology",
"dia... | 2012 | The Origin of Glucocorticoid Hormone Oscillations |
Most of the ATP in living cells is produced by an F-type ATP synthase . This enzyme uses the energy of a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate . Proton movements across the membrane domain ( FO ) of the ATP synthase drive the rotation of a ring of 8–15 c-subuni... | In mitochondria , the ATP synthase ( also referred to as complex V ) catalyzes the late steps of oxidative phosphorylation ( OXPHOS ) , which is a process that provides aerobic eukaryotes with most of their energy requirements by generating adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) molecules . While the structure and mechanism of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protons",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"rna",
"extraction",
"fungal",
"structure",
"physiological",
"processes",
"mycelium",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"extractio... | 2016 | Regulation of Aerobic Energy Metabolism in Podospora anserina by Two Paralogous Genes Encoding Structurally Different c-Subunits of ATP Synthase |
Despite eliciting a potent CD8+ T cell response , Brucella abortus is able to persist and establish a chronic infection inside its host . We have previously reported that the infection of human monocytes/macrophages with B . abortus inhibits the IFN-γ-induced MHC-I cell surface expression down-modulating cytotoxic CD8+... | Brucella abortus is one of the intracellular bacterial species that cause brucellosis , a zoonotic worldwide disease . An intricate enigma of Brucella immunity is its long-term persistence inside host despite a vigorous and specific immune response . Our study describes a novel immune evasion strategy exploited by B . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"organisms",
"cytotoxic",
"t",
"cells",
"extraction",
"tech... | 2017 | B. abortus RNA is the component involved in the down-modulation of MHC-I expression on human monocytes via TLR8 and the EGFR pathway |
Osteosarcomas ( OS ) are complex bone tumors with various genomic alterations . These alterations affect the expression and function of several genes due to drastic changes in the underlying gene regulatory network . However , we know little about critical gene regulators and their functional consequences on the pathog... | Osteosarcomas ( OS ) are bone tumors most frequently affecting children and young adolescents . We do not know much about its molecular pathogenesis hampering personalized therapies to more effectively cure patients . To this day , almost all patients receive adjuvant chemotherapies independent of its necessity . Hence... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | How MicroRNA and Transcription Factor Co-regulatory Networks Affect Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation |
Tachyzoite to bradyzoite development in Toxoplasma is marked by major changes in gene expression resulting in a parasite that expresses a new repertoire of surface antigens hidden inside a modified parasitophorous vacuole called the tissue cyst . The factors that control this important life cycle transition are not wel... | The Toxoplasma biology that underlies the establishment of a chronic infection is developmental conversion of the acute tachyzoite stage into the latent bradyzoite-tissue cyst stage . Despite the important clinical consequences of this developmental pathway , the molecular basis of the switch mechanisms that control fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Ethics",
"statement"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vacuoles",
"parasitic",
"cell",
"cycles",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"d... | 2018 | Transcriptional repression by ApiAP2 factors is central to chronic toxoplasmosis |
Although of fundamental importance in developmental biology , the genetic basis for the symmetry breaking events that polarize the vertebrate oocyte and egg are largely unknown . In vertebrates , the first morphological asymmetry in the oocyte is the Balbiani body , a highly conserved , transient structure found in ver... | How the axes of the embryo are established is an important question in developmental biology . In many organisms , the axes of the embryo are established during oogenesis through the generation of a polarized egg . Very little is known regarding the mechanisms of polarity establishment and maintenance in vertebrate ooc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Microtubule Actin Crosslinking Factor 1 Regulates the Balbiani Body and Animal-Vegetal Polarity of the Zebrafish Oocyte |
The protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted between mammals by tsetse flies . The first compartment colonised by trypanosomes after a blood meal is the fly midgut lumen . Trypanosomes present in the lumen—designated as early procyclic forms—express the stage-specific surface glycoproteins EP and GPEET proc... | African trypanosomes , single-celled parasites that cause human sleeping sickness and Nagana in animals , are transmitted by tsetse flies . Bloodstream form trypanosomes ingested by tsetse differentiate into procyclic forms in the midgut lumen of the insect . Successful transmission to a new mammalian host requires at ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"parasitic",
"cell",
"cycles",
"cell",
"migration",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
... | 2014 | Social Motility of African Trypanosomes Is a Property of a Distinct Life-Cycle Stage That Occurs Early in Tsetse Fly Transmission |
Aedes albopictus is an invasive species which continues expanding its geographic range and involvement in mosquito-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue . Host selection patterns by invasive mosquitoes are critically important because they increase endemic disease transmission and drive outbreaks of exotic path... | Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive and aggressive disease vectors in the world . The range of this species is currently still expanding , particularly into highly dense human population centers in temperate areas in the USA and Europe , raising the public health threat of emerging and re-emerging diseases suc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"zoology",
"veterinary",
"sci... | 2014 | Comparative Host Feeding Patterns of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus, in Urban and Suburban Northeastern USA and Implications for Disease Transmission |
Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss and neuronal dysfunction . Although the majority of patients do not present familial aggregation , Mendelian forms have been described . We performed whole-exome sequencing analysis in 132 patients from 34 mu... | Although the majority of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis do not have a family history of disease , 13% report having a close relative also diagnosed with multiple sclerosis . In these families , the cause of multiple sclerosis can be largely attributed to a single genetic variant that is transmitted through ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"data",
"mining",
"developmental",
"biology",
"demyelinating",
"... | 2019 | Exome sequencing in multiple sclerosis families identifies 12 candidate genes and nominates biological pathways for the genesis of disease |
Kashin-Beck disease , a syndrome characterized by short stature , skeletal deformities , and arthropathy of multiple joints , is highly prevalent in specific regions of Asia . The disease has been postulated to result from a combination of different environmental factors , including contamination of barley by mold myco... | Kashin-Beck disease ( KBD ) is a severe , chronic , and deforming musculoskeletal disease affecting millions of individuals in specific regions of Asia . Starting in childhood , the disorder leads to joint and limb deformities , short stature , and delayed skeletal development . Articular cartilage damage due to chondr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rheumatology/cartilage",
"biology",
"and",
"osteoarthritis",
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"pathology/histopathology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"radiology",
"and",
"medical",
"imaging/computer",
"tomography",
"nutrition/deficiencies",
"cell",
"biology... | 2009 | Osteo-Chondroprogenitor–Specific Deletion of the Selenocysteine tRNA Gene, Trsp, Leads to Chondronecrosis and Abnormal Skeletal Development: A Putative Model for Kashin-Beck Disease |
Staphylococcus aureus is capable of infecting nearly every organ in the human body . In order to infiltrate and thrive in such diverse host tissues , staphylococci must possess remarkable flexibility in both metabolic and virulence programs . To investigate the genetic requirements for bacterial survival during invasiv... | Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of infectious death , yet is also capable of harmlessly colonizing healthy individuals . These disparate observations imply that S . aureus can modulate its growth and virulence in response to different host environments . To characterize the staphylococcal genetic programs requ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Bacterial Hypoxic Responses Revealed as Critical Determinants of the Host-Pathogen Outcome by TnSeq Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Invasive Infection |
The speed of theta brain oscillatory activity is thought to play a key role in determining working memory ( WM ) capacity . Individual differences in the length of a theta cycle ( ranging between 4 and 7 Hz ) might determine how many gamma cycles ( >30 Hz ) can be nested into a theta wave . Gamma cycles are thought to ... | Our ability to temporarily retain sensory information is limited to a handful of items and is referred to as working memory capacity . Such memory capacity has been shown to vary across the general population , with some people retaining a higher number of items than others . An influential theory suggests that this in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"electricity",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"number",
"theory",
"cognitive",
"neurosci... | 2018 | The speed of parietal theta frequency drives visuospatial working memory capacity |
While it is known that musculotendon units adapt to their load environments , there is only a limited understanding of tendon adaptation in vivo . Here we develop a computational model of tendon remodeling based on the premise that mechanical damage and tenocyte-mediated tendon damage and repair processes modify the di... | It is now widely acknowledged that tendon plays a vital role in locomotion , while experiments have revealed that tendon is much more metabolically active than previously believed . There have been increasing numbers of papers describing the responses of tenocytes to mechanical loading and speculation about the origins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"material",
"fatigue",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"legs",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"biomechanics",
"collagens",
"physiological",
"processes",
"homeostasis",
"materials",
"science",
"damage",
"mechanics",
"materials",
"physics",
"muscul... | 2016 | Adaptive Remodeling of Achilles Tendon: A Multi-scale Computational Model |
Rickettsia typhi is an intracellular bacterium that causes endemic typhus , a febrile disease that can be fatal due to complications including pneumonia , hepatitis and meningoencephalitis , the latter being a regular outcome in T and B cell-deficient C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice upon Rickettsia typhi infection . Here , we sho... | Endemic typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi usually is a relatively mild disease . However , CNS inflammation and neurological symptoms are complications that can occur in severe cases . This outcome of disease is regularly observed in T and B cell-deficient C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice upon infection with R . typhi . We show he... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"nervous",
"system",
"immunology",
"neuroscience",
"microglial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"... | 2016 | CD4+ T Cells Are as Protective as CD8+ T Cells against Rickettsia typhi Infection by Activating Macrophage Bactericidal Activity |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.