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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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There is great interest in the dynamics of health behaviors in social networks and how they affect collective public health outcomes , but measuring population health behaviors over time and space requires substantial resources . Here , we use publicly available data from 101 , 853 users of online social media collecte... | Sentiments about vaccination can strongly affect individual vaccination decisions . Measuring such sentiments - and how they are distributed in a population - is typically a difficult and resource-intensive endeavor . We use publicly available data from Twitter , a popular online social media service , to measure the e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"text",
"mining",
"natural",
"language",
"processing",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"population",
"modeling",
"social",
"networks",
"sociology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling"
] | 2011 | Assessing Vaccination Sentiments with Online Social Media: Implications for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Control |
The flagellar regulon controls Salmonella biofilm formation , virulence gene expression and the production of the major surface antigen present on the cell surface: flagellin . At the top of a flagellar regulatory hierarchy is the master operon , flhDC , which encodes the FlhD4C2 transcriptional complex required for th... | Flagellar-mediated motility is fundamental to Salmonella pathogenesis , which takes the lives of hundreds of thousands of people each year . The genes of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and those of the flagellar regulon are part of the same transcriptional hierarchy . We report the novel finding where the key co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | The Effect of Cell Growth Phase on the Regulatory Cross-Talk between Flagellar and Spi1 Virulence Gene Expression |
Schistosomes express a family of integral membrane proteins , called tetraspanins ( TSPs ) , in the outer surface membranes of the tegument . Two of these tetraspanins , Sm-TSP-1 and Sm-TSP-2 , confer protection as vaccines in mice , and individuals who are naturally resistant to S . mansoni infection mount a strong Ig... | Schistosomes , or blood flukes , reside in the blood vessels surrounding the liver and bowel of their human hosts . They infect 200 million people and kill many thousands each year in developing countries . The parasites cover themselves in a unique series of cell membranes called the tegument . Molecules in the tegume... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Suppression of mRNAs Encoding Tegument Tetraspanins from Schistosoma mansoni Results in Impaired Tegument Turnover |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) is an important enzyme in energy metabolism with diverse cellular regulatory roles in vertebrates , but few reports have investigated the importance of plant GAPDH isoforms outside of their role in glycolysis . While animals possess one GAPDH isoform , plants possess m... | Plants can be infected by all pathogen classes , significantly impacting crop production and food security . Innate immune responses are critical to plant survival but must be tightly regulated in order to avoid negative impacts on growth and development . Here , we investigated the role of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Beyond Glycolysis: GAPDHs Are Multi-functional Enzymes Involved in Regulation of ROS, Autophagy, and Plant Immune Responses |
Using a model for the dynamics of the full somatic nervous system of the nematode C . elegans , we address how biological network architectures and their functionality are degraded in the presence of focal axonal swellings ( FAS ) arising from neurodegenerative disease and/or traumatic brain injury . Using biophysicall... | Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease , Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease , HIV dementia , Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease are leading causes of cognitive impairment and death worldwide . Similarly , traumatic brain injury , the signature injury of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars , affects an estima... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"traumatic",
"injury",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"neural",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"caenorhabditis",
"nervous",
"system",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"biomechanics",
"biological",
"locomotion",... | 2017 | Functionality and Robustness of Injured Connectomic Dynamics in C. elegans: Linking Behavioral Deficits to Neural Circuit Damage |
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) death receptors ( DR ) regulate apoptosis and inflammation , but their role in antiviral defense is poorly understood . Cytomegaloviruses ( CMV ) encode many immune-modulatory genes that shape host immunity , and they utilize multiple strategies to target the TNF-family c... | TRAIL death receptors regulate apoptosis and inflammation , and growing evidence suggests their importance in promoting antiviral defenses . Many viruses encode strategies to modulate signaling by TNF family cytokines in order to shape host defenses . Cytomegaloviruses encode many immune modulatory genes , many of whic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",... | 2014 | Inhibition of the TRAIL Death Receptor by CMV Reveals Its Importance in NK Cell-Mediated Antiviral Defense |
Robust oscillatory behaviors are common features of circadian and cell cycle rhythms . These cyclic processes , however , behave distinctively in terms of their periods and phases in response to external influences such as light , temperature , nutrients , etc . Nevertheless , several links have been found between thes... | Molecular components and mechanisms that connect cell cycle and circadian rhythms are important for the well-being of an organism . Cell cycle machinery regulates the progress of cell growth and division while the circadian rhythm network generates an ∼24 h time-keeping mechanism that regulates the daily processes of a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair"
] | 2009 | Minimum Criteria for DNA Damage-Induced Phase Advances in Circadian Rhythms |
The phenomenon of antibody dependent enhancement as a major determinant that exacerbates disease severity in DENV infections is well accepted . While the detailed mechanism of antibody enhanced disease severity is unclear , evidence suggests that it is associated with both increased DENV infectivity and suppression of ... | Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease in humans , with 50–100 million infections per year . The severity of dengue ranges from an acute febrile illness , DF , to a life-threatening vascular leakage syndrome with or without shock , DHF/DSS . Determinants of these syndromes are mainly host factors includin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Subversion of Innate Defenses by the Interplay between DENV and Pre-Existing Enhancing Antibodies: TLRs Signaling Collapse |
Although the vertebrate limb bud has been studied for decades as a model system for spatial pattern formation and cell specification , the cellular basis of its distally oriented elongation has been a relatively neglected topic by comparison . The conventional view is that a gradient of isotropic proliferation exists a... | Although the vertebrate limb bud has been studied for decades as a classical model system for the spatial control of cell fates , the question of how the limb bud physically elongates has been much less studied . One particular hypothesis has been dominant in the field , known either as the proliferation gradient hypot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2010 | The Role of Spatially Controlled Cell Proliferation in Limb Bud Morphogenesis |
The simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is emerging as a public health problem in Southeast Asia , particularly in Malaysian Borneo where it now accounts for the greatest burden of malaria cases and deaths . Control is hindered by limited understanding of the ecology of potential vector species . We conducted a... | The first natural infection of Plasmodium knowlesi was reported 40 years ago . At that time it was perceived that the infection would not affect humans . However , now P . knowlesi is the predominant malaria species ( 38% of the cases ) infecting people in Malaysia and is a notable obstacle to malaria elimination in th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Seasonal and Spatial Dynamics of the Primary Vector of Plasmodium knowlesi within a Major Transmission Focus in Sabah, Malaysia |
In Drosophila , dosage compensation augments X chromosome-linked transcription in males relative to females . This process is achieved by the Dosage Compensation Complex ( DCC ) , which associates specifically with the male X chromosome . We previously found that the morphology of this chromosome is sensitive to the am... | In Drosophila , females have two X chromosomes and males only one . The difference in the dose of X-associated genes is compensated by male-specific protein machinery , the Dosage Compensation Complex ( DCC ) , which augments the activity of genes of the single male X . We report that the specific targeting of the DCC ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics"
] | 2008 | SU(VAR)3-7 Links Heterochromatin and Dosage Compensation in Drosophila |
Neural circuits reliably encode and transmit signals despite the presence of noise at multiple stages of processing . The efficient coding hypothesis , a guiding principle in computational neuroscience , suggests that a neuron or population of neurons allocates its limited range of responses as efficiently as possible ... | For decades the efficient coding hypothesis has been a guiding principle in determining how neural systems can most efficiently represent their inputs . However , conclusions about whether neural circuits are performing optimally depend on assumptions about the noise sources encountered by neural signals as they are tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"statistical",
"noise",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"signal",
"processing",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"computational",
"neuros... | 2016 | How Do Efficient Coding Strategies Depend on Origins of Noise in Neural Circuits? |
The emerging resistance to quinine jeopardizes the efficacy of a drug that has been used in the treatment of malaria for several centuries . To identify factors contributing to differential quinine responses in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum , we have conducted comparative quantitative trait locus ana... | Quinine , a natural product from cinchona bark , has been used in the treatment of malaria for centuries . Unfortunately , a progressive loss in responsiveness of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to quinine has been observed , particularly in Southeast Asia , where cases of quinine treatment failure reg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | A HECT Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase as a Novel Candidate Gene for Altered Quinine and Quinidine Responses in Plasmodium falciparum |
For homeostasis , lingual taste papilla organs require regulation of epithelial cell survival and renewal , with sustained innervation and stromal interactions . To investigate a role for Hedgehog/GLI signaling in adult taste organs we used a panel of conditional mouse models to manipulate GLI activity within epithelia... | Taste papillae are small organs visible on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds , which are connected to nerves that transmit signals for taste sensation to the brain . To function properly , taste papilla and taste bud cells need to be continuously replenished . We are studying how collections of proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"taste",
"buds",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"tongue",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"digestive",
"system",
"animal",
"cells",
"taste",
"stromal",
"cells",
"connective",
... | 2016 | Maintenance of Taste Organs Is Strictly Dependent on Epithelial Hedgehog/GLI Signaling |
Facial cleanliness and sanitation are postulated to reduce trachoma transmission , but there are no previous data on community-level herd protection thresholds . We characterize associations between active trachoma , access to improved sanitation facilities , and access to improved water sources for the purpose of face... | Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness . Previous association studies have primarily assessed household-level exposures , ignoring potential community-level protection from water and sanitation coverage in neighboring houses . There is biological plausibility that increased community-level coverage of fa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"water",
"resources",
"face",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"sympto... | 2018 | Sanitation and water supply coverage thresholds associated with active trachoma: Modeling cross-sectional data from 13 countries |
Sleep , a reversible quiescent state found in both invertebrate and vertebrate animals , disconnects animals from their environment and is highly regulated for coordination with wakeful activities , such as reproduction . The fruit fly , Drosophila melanogaster , has proven to be a valuable model for studying the regul... | Sleep is a common trait in animals , from insects to mammals , and it needs to be coordinated with other critical activities such as feeding and reproduction . However , the mechanisms by which this is achieved are not fully understood . The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a key model organism for sleep re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"physiological",
"processes",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"neurochemistry",
"neuromodulation",
"animal",
"behavior",
"neurochemicals",
"physiology",
"sleep",
"hormones",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"neuropeptides",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"zoolo... | 2014 | A Homeostatic Sleep-Stabilizing Pathway in Drosophila Composed of the Sex Peptide Receptor and Its Ligand, the Myoinhibitory Peptide |
Human onchocerciasis , caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus , is controlled almost exclusively by the drug ivermectin , which prevents pathology by targeting the microfilariae . However , this reliance on a single control tool has led to interest in vaccination as a potentially complementary strategy . H... | River blindness , or onchocerciasis , is caused by a parasitic worm ( Onchocerca volvulus ) that is transmitted by blood-feeding blackflies , which breed in fast-flowing rivers . More than 37 million people are infected and may experience visual impairment and/or severe dermatitis . Control of onchocerciasis is largely... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Immunisation with a Multivalent, Subunit Vaccine Reduces Patent Infection in a Natural Bovine Model of Onchocerciasis during Intense Field Exposure |
Most reductionist theories of muscle attribute a fiber's mechanical properties to the scaled behavior of a single half-sarcomere . Mathematical models of this type can explain many of the known mechanical properties of muscle but have to incorporate a passive mechanical component that becomes ∼300% stiffer in activatin... | Quantitative muscle biophysics has been dominated for the last 60 years by reductionist theories that try to explain the mechanical properties of an entire muscle fiber as the scaled behavior of a single half-sarcomere ( typical muscle fibers contain ∼106 such structures ) . This work tests the hypothesis that a fiber'... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"physiology/muscle",
"and",
"connective",
"tissue",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"physiology/motor",
"systems",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Interactions between Connected Half-Sarcomeres Produce Emergent Mechanical Behavior in a Mathematical Model of Muscle |
This study aims to estimate the age-specific risks of clinical dengue attack ( i . e . , the risk of symptomatic dengue among the total number of dengue virus ( DENV ) infections ) during primary and secondary infections . We analyzed two pieces of epidemiological information in Binh Thuan province , southern Vietnam ,... | Although age at dengue virus ( DENV ) infection is recognized as playing a key role in characterizing the risks of clinical attack and disease severity , the contributions of age to disease development have yet to be quantified in detail . We estimated the age-specific risk of clinical attack ( i . e . , the risk of sy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"mathematical",
"computing",
"mathematics",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology"
] | 2011 | Age-Specificity of Clinical Dengue during Primary and Secondary Infections |
The unique ability of the tuberculosis ( TB ) bacillus , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , to persist for long periods of time in lung hypoxic lesions chiefly contributes to the global burden of latent TB . We and others previously reported that the M . tuberculosis ancestor underwent massive episodes of horizontal gene tra... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the etiological agent of tuberculosis ( TB ) , can persist for years and even decades in the lungs of its human host . Here we report that a unique M . tuberculosis gene cluster involved in the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor , a cofactor for several oxidoreductases including the nitra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"horizontal",
"gene",
"transfer",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"transfer",
"nitrates",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"hypoxia",
"bacteria",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"mycology",
"sequence",
"alignment",
"bioinformatics",
"gene",
"exp... | 2017 | Horizontal acquisition of a hypoxia-responsive molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway contributed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathoadaptation |
The 2014–6 West African Ebola epidemic highlights the need for rigorous , rapid clinical trial methods for vaccines . A challenge for trial design is making sample size calculations based on incidence within the trial , total vaccine effect , and intracluster correlation , when these parameters are uncertain in the pre... | The urgency , as well as the logistical and sometimes ethical challenges of clinical trials for interventions during epidemics of emerging diseases prompts the need for novel designs and analytic strategies . The successful use of a novel cluster-randomized ring-vaccination trial to test an Ebola vaccine in Guinea rais... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"mathematics",
"statisti... | 2017 | Using simulation to aid trial design: Ring-vaccination trials |
Aberrant protein modifications play an important role in the pathophysiology of many human diseases , in terms of both dysfunction of physiological modifications and the formation of pathological modifications by reaction of proteins with endogenous electrophiles . Recent studies have identified a chemical homolog of l... | Oxidative stress and inflammation lead to the generation of a multitude of electrophiles in cells that in turn react with nucleophilic macromolecules such as DNA , RNA , polyunsaturated fatty acids , and proteins , leading to progression of a variety of disorders and diseases . Emerging evidence points to widespread mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"analytical",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"chemical",
"biology",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"histone",
"modification"
] | 2013 | Quantitative Analysis of Histone Modifications: Formaldehyde Is a Source of Pathological N6-Formyllysine That Is Refractory to Histone Deacetylases |
It is well understood that apicomplexan parasites , such as the malaria pathogen Plasmodium , are descended from free-living algae , and maintain a vestigial chloroplast that has secondarily lost all genes of photosynthetic function . Recently , two fully photosynthetic relatives of parasitic apicomplexans have been id... | Chloroplasts contain their own genomes , containing two broad functional types of gene: genes encoding proteins directly involved in photosynthesis , and genes with a non-photosynthesis function , such as cofactor biosynthesis , assembly of protein complexes , or expression of the chloroplast genome . Thus far , to our... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"marine",
"biology",
"parasitology",
"chloroplast",
"plant",
"science",
"plants",
"divergent",
"evolution",
"forms",
"of",
"evolution",
"phycology",
"biology",
"algae",
"rna"... | 2014 | Evolution of Chloroplast Transcript Processing in Plasmodium and Its Chromerid Algal Relatives |
Development of eye tissue is initiated by a conserved set of transcription factors termed retinal determination network ( RDN ) . In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , the zinc-finger transcription factor Glass acts directly downstream of the RDN to control identity of photoreceptor as well as non-photoreceptor ce... | Changes of the genomic context can have a profound influence on gene expression . Addition or deletion of transcription factor binding sites can influence when and where a gene is transcribed . Changes in exon/intron structure can affect protein length and composition . Stop codon readtrough results in the production o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"amorphous",
"solids",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ocular",
"system",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"glass",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"m... | 2019 | Multilevel regulation of the glass locus during Drosophila eye development |
Speciation is a continuous process and analysis of species pairs at different stages of divergence provides insight into how it unfolds . Previous genomic studies on young species pairs have revealed peaks of divergence and heterogeneous genomic differentiation . Yet less known is how localised peaks of differentiation... | When species evolve , reproductive isolation leads to a build-up of differentiation in the genome where genes involved in the process occur . Spanning the speciation continuum , stickleback species pairs are ideal for investigating how genomic divergence accumulates during speciation . However , much of our understandi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"fish",
"atlantic",
"ocean",
"japan",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"oceans",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"osteichthyes",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"pacific",
"ocean",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"speciation",
"bodies",
"of"... | 2018 | The genomic landscape at a late stage of stickleback speciation: High genomic divergence interspersed by small localized regions of introgression |
Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae . albopictus mosquitoes . In late 2013 , chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) was introduced into the Caribbean island of St . Martin . Since then , approximately 2 million chikungunya cases have been reported by the Pan American Health Organization , and most c... | Chikungunya is a viral disease primarily characterized by high fever and joint pain . Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is transmitted by infected Aedes aegypti and Ae . albopictus mosquitos . Although chikungunya was first described in 1952 and CHIKV has circulated in parts of Africa and Asia , since then , it was not intro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"loc... | 2016 | Seroprevalence of Anti-Chikungunya Virus Antibodies in Children and Adults in Managua, Nicaragua, After the First Chikungunya Epidemic, 2014-2015 |
The neglected parasitic infection Chagas disease is rapidly becoming a globalised public health issue due to migration . There are only two anti-parasitic drugs available to treat this disease , benznidazole and nifurtimox . Thus it is important to identify and validate new drug targets in Trypanosoma cruzi , the causa... | The single-cell parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease , one of the major neglected tropical infections . Throughout Latin America , this disease is an important cause of premature death due to heart failure , and it is currently an emerging public health problem in the US , Europe and across the world . Ther... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Trypanosoma cruzi Vitamin C Dependent Peroxidase Confers Protection against Oxidative Stress but Is Not a Determinant of Virulence |
Many neurons are unable to regenerate after damage . The ability to regenerate after an insult depends on life stage , neuronal subtype , intrinsic and extrinsic factors . C . elegans is a powerful model to test the genetic and environmental factors that affect axonal regeneration after damage , since its axons can reg... | Diapause entry and hibernation have the striking ability to protect the nervous system from diverse types of damage . Here we show that the diapausing dauer larvae of C . elegans regenerate broken mechanosensory neurons that were damaged by the hyperactivation of degenerins ( MEC-4d ) or by axotomy during diapause . Th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"caenorhabditis",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"altmetrics",
"exper... | 2019 | Diapause induces functional axonal regeneration after necrotic insult in C. elegans |
Evasion of host immune responses is a prerequisite for chronic bacterial diseases; however , the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood . Here , we show that the persistent intracellular pathogen Brucella abortus prevents immune activation of macrophages by inducing CD4+CD25+ T cells to produce the anti-inflamm... | Brucella spp . are pathogens causing chronic intracellular infections that evade detection by pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system . In this work , we tested the hypothesis that , in addition to eliciting a weak proinflammatory response during infection , induction of an immunoregulatory environmen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"immune",
"cells",
"monocytes",
"immunity",
"t",
"cells",
"microbial",
"control",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"immunoregulation",
"microbiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",... | 2013 | CD4+ T Cell-derived IL-10 Promotes Brucella abortus Persistence via Modulation of Macrophage Function |
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite , Leishmania . The disease remains a global threat to public health requiring effective chemotherapy for control and treatment . In this study , the effect of some selected phenolic compounds on Leishmania donovani was investigated . The compounds were screene... | The available drugs used in treatment of leishmaniasis , a disease caused by the Leishmania parasite , include pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B . The cost and associated toxicity of the drugs , side effects and the emergence of drug resistance parasites , as well as the discomfort in drug administration sugge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"parasitic",
"cell",
"cycles",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"antifungals",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"organisms",
"developmental",
"biology",
"p... | 2019 | In vitro activity and mode of action of phenolic compounds on Leishmania donovani |
Organ-selector transcription factors control simultaneously cell differentiation and proliferation , ensuring the development of functional organs and their homeostasis . How this is achieved at the molecular level is still unclear . Here we have investigated how the transcriptional pulse of string/cdc25 ( stg ) , the ... | Organs develop from groups of undifferentiated cells that proliferate and differentiate into specific cell types . During development , the coupling between proliferation and differentiation programs ensures that enough cells of the different cell types are generated . This is critical for proper organ formation and fu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Eye Selector Logic for a Coordinated Cell Cycle Exit |
The Janus Kinase 2 ( JAK2 ) plays essential roles in transmitting signals from multiple cytokine receptors , and constitutive activation of JAK2 results in hematopoietic disorders and oncogenesis . JAK2 kinase activity is negatively regulated by its pseudokinase domain ( JH2 ) , where the gain-of-function mutation V617... | Protein-protein interactions ( PPIs ) are essential to cellular signal transduction , and structural information about PPIs is crucial for understanding of how cellular machinery functions at the atomistic level . However , both experimental structural determination and computational prediction of PPI are challenging .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"computer",
"science",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"theoretical",
"chemistry",
"information",
"technology",
"biophysics"
] | 2013 | Ab Initio Modeling and Experimental Assessment of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) Kinase-Pseudokinase Complex Structure |
Protein phosphorylation plays a central role in creating a highly dynamic network of interacting proteins that reads and responds to signals from growth factors in the cellular microenvironment . Cells of the neural crest employ multiple signaling mechanisms to control migration and differentiation during development .... | Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer for which therapeutic progress has been slow . We analyzed a large number phosphorylated proteins in neuroblastoma cells to discern patterns that indicate functional signal transduction pathways . To analyze the data , we developed novel techniques that resolve data structure and vis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Neuroblastoma Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Networks Involve FYN and LYN in Endosomes and Lipid Rafts |
Thioester-containing protein 1 ( TEP1 ) is a key immune factor that determines mosquito resistance to a wide range of pathogens , including malaria parasites . Here we report a new allele-specific function of TEP1 in male fertility . We demonstrate that during spermatogenesis TEP1 binds to and removes damaged cells thr... | While Anopheline mosquitoes are the most efficient vectors of human malaria , they do have protective mechanisms directed against the causative parasite , Plasmodium falciparum . Their immune system targets the invading parasites through activation of the mosquito complement-like system . A central component of this sy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A New Role of the Mosquito Complement-like Cascade in Male Fertility in Anopheles gambiae |
The visceral endoderm ( VE ) is a simple epithelium that forms the outer layer of the egg-cylinder stage mouse embryo . The anterior visceral endoderm ( AVE ) , a specialised subset of VE cells , is responsible for specifying anterior pattern . AVE cells show a stereotypic migratory behaviour within the VE , which is r... | The mouse visceral endoderm ( VE ) is a simple epithelium in the egg cylinder stage mouse embryo . Many functions associated with epithelia require them to undergo extensive remodelling through changes in the shape and relative positions of constituent cells , a process about which we understand relatively little . The... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematical",
"computing",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Multi-Cellular Rosettes in the Mouse Visceral Endoderm Facilitate the Ordered Migration of Anterior Visceral Endoderm Cells |
As Arabidopsis thaliana is increasingly employed in evolutionary and ecological studies , it is essential to understand patterns of natural genetic variation and the forces that shape them . Previous work focusing mostly on global and regional scales has demonstrated the importance of historical events such as long-dis... | The popular model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is increasingly used to investigate questions in evolution and ecology . Thus it is important to understand the dynamics of wild populations at a scale relevant to single plants . We analyzed over 1 , 000 individuals from 77 ecologically diverse stands near Tübingen in South... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"ecology"
] | 2010 | Local-Scale Patterns of Genetic Variability, Outcrossing, and Spatial Structure in Natural Stands of Arabidopsis thaliana |
Manganese ( Mn ) is an essential micronutrient that is not readily available to pathogens during infection due to an active host defense mechanism known as nutritional immunity . To overcome this nutrient restriction , bacteria utilize high-affinity transporters that allow them to compete with host metal-binding protei... | Enterococcus faecalis is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections that are often difficult to treat due to their exceptional multidrug resistance . Manganese ( Mn ) is an essential micronutrient for bacterial pathogens during infection . To prevent infection , the host limits Mn bioavailability to invading bacte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"manganese",
"enterococcus",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"catheters",
"bladder",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"rabbits",
"animals",
"mammals",
"urine... | 2018 | Manganese acquisition is essential for virulence of Enterococcus faecalis |
Chagas disease is a vector-borne parasitic disease of major public health importance . Current prevention efforts are based on triatomine vector control to reduce transmission to humans . Success of vector control interventions depends on their acceptability and value to affected communities . We aimed to identify oppo... | Chagas disease is an important parasitic disease transmitted by triatomine bugs . Current prevention efforts are based on eliminating triatomines from homes to reduce disease transmission to humans . However , the success of these control interventions depends on their acceptability and value to affected communities . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chagas",
"disease",
"social",
"sciences",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropica... | 2014 | Opportunities for Improved Chagas Disease Vector Control Based on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Communities in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico |
Despite the central importance of transcriptional regulation in biology , it has proven difficult to determine the regulatory mechanisms of individual genes , let alone entire gene networks . It is particularly difficult to decipher the biophysical mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in living cells and determine ... | It has been said that we live in the “genomic era , ” a time where we can readily sequence full genomes at will . However , it remains difficult to interpret much of the information within a genome . This is especially true of non-coding sequences such as promoters , which contain a number of features such as transcrip... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"characterization",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"transcription",
"factors",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"transcriptional... | 2019 | Mapping DNA sequence to transcription factor binding energy in vivo |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEEV ) is responsible for VEE epidemics that occur in South and Central America and the U . S . The VEEV envelope contains two glycoproteins E1 ( mediates cell membrane fusion ) and E2 ( binds receptor and elicits virus neutralizing antibodies ) . Previously we constructed E1 and ... | Although the murine immune response to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEEV ) is well-characterized , little is known about the human antibody response to VEEV . In this study we used phage display technology to isolate a panel of 11 VEEV-specfic Fabs from two human donors . Seven E2-specific and four E1-specifi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"neurological",
"disorders/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",... | 2010 | The First Human Epitope Map of the Alphaviral E1 and E2 Proteins Reveals a New E2 Epitope with Significant Virus Neutralizing Activity |
Components of bacteria have been shown to induce innate antiviral immunity via Toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) . We have recently shown that FimH , the adhesin portion of type 1 fimbria , can induce the innate immune system via TLR4 . Here we report that FimH induces potent in vitro and in vivo innate antimicrobial respon... | The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved defence mechanism that protects the host from infection by microbes such as viruses , bacteria and fungi . Incoming pathogens are recognized by a set of evolutionary conserved receptors , including the Toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) , that can be found on the surfac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/new",
"therapies,",
"including",
"antivirals",
"and",
"immunotherapy",... | 2008 | FimH Adhesin of Type 1 Fimbriae Is a Potent Inducer of Innate Antimicrobial Responses Which Requires TLR4 and Type 1 Interferon Signalling |
Nuclear hormone receptors ( NHRs ) are ligand-gated transcription factors that control adaptive host responses following recognition of specific endogenous or exogenous ligands . Although NHRs have expanded dramatically in C . elegans compared to other metazoans , the biological function of only a few of these genes ha... | The family of nuclear hormone receptors ( NHRs ) has expanded in the nematode C . elegans . NHRs are intracellular sensors that control adaptive host responses following recognition of specific endogenous or exogenous ligands . These proteins are therefore well positioned to function in pathogen sensing and innate immu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"caenorhabditis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"animal",
"models",
"... | 2019 | The nuclear hormone receptor NHR-86 controls anti-pathogen responses in C. elegans |
Group A Rotavirus ( RVA ) is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children . The aims of the present study were to determine the neutralizing activity of VP6-specific llama-derived single domain nanoantibodies ( VHH nanoAbs ) against different RVA strains in vitro and to evaluate the ability of G6P[1] VP6-specific l... | Group A rotavirus ( RVA ) is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in human infants worldwide . Live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines are available to prevent rotavirus diarrhea in children , although their efficacy in impoverished areas has been questioned , in addition to not being suitable for children suffering fro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"diseases",
"rotavirus",
"infection"
] | 2013 | Recombinant Monovalent Llama-Derived Antibody Fragments (VHH) to Rotavirus VP6 Protect Neonatal Gnotobiotic Piglets against Human Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea |
New interventions tools are a priority for schistosomiasis control and elimination , as the disease is still highly prevalent . The identification of proteins associated with active infection and protective immune response may constitute the basis for the development of a successful vaccine and could also indicate new ... | Despite intensive efforts towards disease control , schistosomiasis is still highly prevalent in most endemic countries . Although effective treatment is available and widely used , it does not prevent reinfection , as it could be achieved with the use of a vaccine . Efforts to control and eradicate schistosomiasis rel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"spectrometric",
"identification",
"of",
"proteins",
"proteome",
"proteins",
"immunity",
"gene",
"expression",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"recombinant",
"proteins",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"proteomics"
] | 2014 | Serological Screening of the Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worm Proteome |
Understanding the mechanisms that coordinate replication initiation with subsequent segregation of chromosomes is an important biological problem . Here we report two replication-control mechanisms mediated by a chromosome segregation protein , ParB2 , encoded by chromosome II of the model multichromosome bacterium , V... | Replication and segregation are the two main processes that maintain chromosomes in growing cells . In eukaryotes , the two processes are restricted to distinct phases of the cell cycle . In bacteria , segregation follows replication initiation with a modest lag . Influences of one process on the other have been postul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2013 | Evidence for Two Different Regulatory Mechanisms Linking Replication and Segregation of Vibrio cholerae Chromosome II |
Biomphalaria pfeifferi is highly compatible with the widespread human-infecting blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni and transmits more cases of this parasite to people than any other snail species . For these reasons , B . pfeifferi is the world’s most important vector snail for S . mansoni , yet we know relatively little ... | Biomphalaria pfeifferi is the world’s most important snail vector for the widespread human-infecting blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni . Despite this , we know relatively little about the biology of this highly compatible African snail host of S . mansoni , especially for specimens from the field . Using an Illumina-base... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biomphalaria",
"helminths",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"physiological",
"processes",
"gastropods",
"genome",
"analysis",
"s... | 2017 | Transcriptomic responses of Biomphalaria pfeifferi to Schistosoma mansoni: Investigation of a neglected African snail that supports more S. mansoni transmission than any other snail species |
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is the cause of typhoid fever . It is a human-restricted pathogen , and few data exist on S . Typhi gene expression in humans . We applied an RNA capture and amplification technique , Selective Capture of Transcribed Sequences ( SCOTS ) , and microarray hybridization to identify S . T... | Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is the cause of typhoid fever and infects over 21 million cases and causes 200 , 000 deaths each year . S . Typhi only infects humans and this has greatly limited studies of S . Typhi pathogenesis . To study bacterial gene expression in human hosts , we used Selective Capture of Trans... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | In Vivo Expression of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Genes in the Blood of Patients with Typhoid Fever in Bangladesh |
Several recent studies have examined different aspects of mammalian higher order chromatin structure – replication timing , lamina association and Hi-C inter-locus interactions — and have suggested that most of these features of genome organisation are conserved over evolution . However , the extent of evolutionary div... | The mammalian genome is organised into large multi-megabase domains defined by their physical structure , or higher order chromatin structure . Although these structures are believed to be well conserved between species , there have been few studies attempting to quantify such conservation , or identify divergent struc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Divergence of Mammalian Higher Order Chromatin Structure Is Associated with Developmental Loci |
Protein kinases are proven targets for drug development with an increasing number of eukaryotic Protein Kinase ( ePK ) inhibitors now approved as drugs . Mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) family members connect cell-surface receptors to regulatory targets within cells and influence a number of tissue-specific b... | Enzymes known as mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAP kinases/MAPKs ) influence a number of essential biological activities , such as cell proliferation , differentiation and survival . However , for the Schistosoma mansoni flatworm parasite , very little is known about these enzymes . We used RNA interference ( RNA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminth",
"infections",
"schistosomiasis",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Regulation of Schistosoma mansoni Development and Reproduction by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway |
High-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) is believed to play an important role in lowering cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk by mediating the process of reverse cholesterol transport ( RCT ) . Via RCT , excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues is carried back to the liver and hence should lead to the reduction of atheroscl... | Epidemiological studies have shown a strong inverse association between HDL-C and cardiovascular risk and led to the formulation of the “HDL cholesterol hypothesis”: under this hypothesis , interventions raising HDL-C should decrease risk . However , the recent failures of HDL-C raising therapies in improving cardiovas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"atherosclerosis",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"cardiovascular",
"system",
"modeling",
"cardiovascular"
] | 2014 | An In-Silico Model of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Kinetics for the Evaluation of Targets and Biomarkers in the Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway |
In 2009 , the World Health Organization ( WHO ) proposed seven warning signs ( WS ) as criteria for hospitalization and predictors of severe dengue ( SD ) . We assessed their performance for predicting dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) and SD in adult dengue . DHF , WS and SD were defined according to the WHO 1997 and 2... | Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection with significant public health burden in tropical and subtropical regions . Clinical presentations may vary from self-limiting fever to severe dengue including death . The World Health Organization 2009 dengue guidelines classified dengue into dengue with and without warning signs ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"dengue",
"fever",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dengue",
"viral",
"diseases",
"public",
"health"
] | 2013 | Utilities and Limitations of the World Health Organization 2009 Warning Signs for Adult Dengue Severity |
NOD1 is an intracellular pathogen recognition receptor that contributes to anti-bacterial innate immune responses , adaptive immunity and tissue homeostasis . NOD1-induced signaling relies on actin remodeling , however , the details of the connection of NOD1 and the actin cytoskeleton remained elusive . Here , we ident... | NOD1 was one of the first NLR-family members shown to act as an important intracellular pattern-recognition molecule mediating antimicrobial activities in mammals . It has been demonstrated that perturbation of F-actin and RhoGTPase activity affects NOD1 and NOD2 signaling , however , the effectors of this process rema... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacterial",
"gastroenteritis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"inflammation",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cytokines",
"immunity",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"gastroent... | 2014 | The Cofilin Phosphatase Slingshot Homolog 1 (SSH1) Links NOD1 Signaling to Actin Remodeling |
Plant parasitic nematodes ( PPNs ) seriously threaten global food security . Conventionally an integrated approach to PPN management has relied heavily on carbamate , organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now being withdrawn over environmental health and safety concerns . This progressive withdrawal has le... | Plant parasitic nematodes ( PPN ) reduce crop plant yield globally , undermining food security . Many of the chemicals used to kill these parasites are non-specific and highly toxic , and are being phased out of general use through governmental and EU regulation . The withdrawal of these chemicals is beneficial to the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"invertebrates",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"caenorhabditis",
"pathogens",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"hor... | 2017 | Nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides |
In this study , we have investigated the effects of manganese superoxide dismutase ( SOD2 or MnSOD ) deficiency on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress during Chagas disease . For this , C57BL/6 wild type ( WT ) and MnSOD+/- mice were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi ( Tc ) , and evaluated at 150 days’ post-infec... | Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi parasitic protozoan remains endemic in Latin America . After acute parasitemia phase is controlled by host immune system , infected individuals remain clinically silent but manifest a number of micro and macro cardiac injuries for several years . Eventually many of the infected individual... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"enzymes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"enzymology",
"dismutases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"pulmonology",
"organisms",
"pro... | 2018 | Manganese superoxide dismutase deficiency exacerbates the mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative damage in Chagas disease |
Although accurate assessment of the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni is important for the design and evaluation of control programs , the most widely used tools for diagnosis are limited by suboptimal sensitivity , slow turn-around-time , or inability to distinguish current from former infections . Recently , two test... | Control efforts for schistosomiasis have in part been hampered by the lack of a sensitive and accurate test that can be utilized to rapidly map the prevalence of the disease in different areas . Recently , new tests have become commercially available that may address this problem . This study was designed to compare th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/screening"
] | 2011 | Evaluation of Urine CCA Assays for Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Western Kenya |
Because DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are one of the most cytotoxic DNA lesions and often cause genomic instability , precise repair of DSBs is vital for the maintenance of genomic stability . Xrs2/Nbs1 is a multi-functional regulatory subunit of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2/Nbs1 ( MRX/N ) complex , and its function is cri... | Genomic DNA provides the essential blueprint for life , and therefore living organisms have several mechanisms for maintaining the stability of their own genomes . DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are one of the most severe forms of DNA damage , which , without precise repair , can provoke a loss of genetic informatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
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"procedures",
"dna",
... | 2016 | The MRX Complex Ensures NHEJ Fidelity through Multiple Pathways Including Xrs2-FHA–Dependent Tel1 Activation |
Control of the differential abundance or activity of tRNAs can be important determinants of gene regulation . RNA polymerase ( RNAP ) III synthesizes all tRNAs in eukaryotes and it derepression is associated with cancer . Maf1 is a conserved general repressor of RNAP III under the control of the target of rapamycin ( T... | Transfer RNAs ( tRNAs ) are molecular adapters necessary for translation of the genetic code from DNA to messenger RNA ( mRNA ) to synthesis of the proteins that constitute the energy producing enzymes and structural components of all cells and organisms on earth . In eukaryotic cells , tRNAs are synthesized by RNA pol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | RNA Polymerase III Output Is Functionally Linked to tRNA Dimethyl-G26 Modification |
Neural stem cell self-renewal , neurogenesis , and cell fate determination are processes that control the generation of specific classes of neurons at the correct place and time . The transcription factor Pax6 is essential for neural stem cell proliferation , multipotency , and neurogenesis in many regions of the centr... | Neural stem cells make all of the neurons in the brain . A key feature of these cells is the ability to regulate the balance between making more neural stem cells , the process of self-renewal , and making nerve cells , the process of neurogenesis . Too much self-renewal would result in a brain with too few neurons and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/neurodevelopment",
"developmental",
"biology/stem",
"cells",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | The Level of the Transcription Factor Pax6 Is Essential for Controlling the Balance between Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Neurogenesis |
Acquired resistance through genetic mutations is a major obstacle in targeted cancer therapy , but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood . Here we studied mechanisms of acquired resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs ) by examining genome-wide gene expression chang... | Acquired resistance through genetic mutations is a major mechanism for cancer drug resistance and accounts for the short life of targeted therapy in several types of human cancer . Mechanistically , however , very little is understood about how resistant mutations are actually acquired during cancer therapy . In this m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"biochemistry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"hematology",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | ATRA-Induced Cellular Differentiation and CD38 Expression Inhibits Acquisition of BCR-ABL Mutations for CML Acquired Resistance |
The Staphylococcus aureus manganese transporter protein MntC is under investigation as a component of a prophylactic S . aureus vaccine . Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies mAB 305-78-7 and mAB 305-101-8 produced using MntC was shown to significantly reduce S . aureus burden in an infant rat model of infec... | Staphylococcus aureus protein MntC is a metal-binding protein of the ABC-type transporter involved in the acquisition of an essential nutrient , Mn2+ , by the pathogen . An earlier study demonstrated that use of MntC as an antigen in experimental vaccine can provide protection against staphylococcal infections in anima... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"particle",
"physics",
"epitope",
"mapping",
"immunology",
"deuterium",
"organic",
"compounds",
"atoms",
"amino",
"acid",
"substitution",
"amino",
... | 2016 | High Resolution Mapping of Bactericidal Monoclonal Antibody Binding Epitopes on Staphylococcus aureus Antigen MntC |
Numerous signaling proteins use multivalent binding to increase the specificity and affinity of their interactions within the cell . Enhancement arises because the effective binding constant for multivalent binding is larger than the binding constants for each individual interaction . We seek to gain both qualitative a... | Many biochemical interactions are mediated by multivalent binding where signaling proteins use relatively weak promiscuous interactions to increase the strength and specificity of complex formation . For a bivalent adaptor protein binding to a multivalent ligand , the tethering of one of the adaptors binding sites to a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"signaling",
"networks",
"biophysics"
] | 2011 | Quantifying Intramolecular Binding in Multivalent Interactions: A Structure-Based Synergistic Study on Grb2-Sos1 Complex |
Following DNA replication , sister chromatids must stay connected for the remainder of the cell cycle in order to ensure accurate segregation in the subsequent cell division . This important function involves an evolutionarily conserved protein complex known as cohesin; any loss of cohesin causes premature sister chrom... | As cells grow , they replicate their DNA to give rise to two copies of each chromosome , known as sister chromatids , which separate from each other once the cell divides . To ensure that sister chromatids end up in different daughter cells , they are kept together from DNA replication until mitosis via a connection kn... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"rna",
"interference",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"metaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"chromatids",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"mitosis",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"epigene... | 2016 | Investigating the Interplay between Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Homolog Pairing in Drosophila Nuclei |
Human cystic echinococcosis is a chronic , complex and neglected infection . Its clinical management has evolved over decades without adequate evaluation of efficacy . Recent expert opinion recommends that uncomplicated inactive cysts of the liver should be left untreated and solely monitored over time ( “watch-and-wai... | Human cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is a chronic , complex and neglected parasitic infection presenting mostly as hepatic cysts , which are staged by ultrasound . Recent expert opinion recommends that uncomplicated inactive cysts should be left untreated and solely monitored over time , using the so-called “watch-and-wa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"radiology",
"and",
"imaging",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures"
] | 2014 | Long-term Sonographic and Serological Follow-up of Inactive Echinococcal Cysts of the Liver: Hints for a “Watch-and-Wait” Approach |
Ty elements are high copy number , dispersed repeated sequences in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome known to mediate gross chromosomal rearrangements ( GCRs ) . Here we found that introduction of Ty912 , a previously identified Ty1 element , onto the non-essential terminal region of the left arm of chromosome V led ... | In this study , we developed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gross chromosomal rearrangement ( GCR ) assay that measures the rate of GCRs mediated by high copy , dispersed repeat sequences in the S . cerevisiae genome known as Ty elements . Like LINE and Alu elements found in the human genome , Ty elements are repeated thro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"dna",
"replication",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"dna",
"biology",
"dna",
"recombination",
"dna",
"repair",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | A Genetic and Structural Study of Genome Rearrangements Mediated by High Copy Repeat Ty1 Elements |
Dynamin-1 ( Dnm1 ) encodes a large multimeric GTPase necessary for activity-dependent membrane recycling in neurons , including synaptic vesicle endocytosis . Mice heterozygous for a novel spontaneous Dnm1 mutation—fitful—experience recurrent seizures , and homozygotes have more debilitating , often lethal seizures in ... | Epilepsy , a group of chronic disorders characterized by recurrent seizures , results from abnormal , synchronized neuronal activity in the brain . The mouse represents a powerful system to study novel mutations that model neurological disease , including epilepsy . Here we describe a new mouse mutation ( “fitful” ) in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"neuroscience/neurodevelopment",
"developmental",
"biology/neurodevelopment",
"neurological",
"disorders/epilepsy"
] | 2010 | A Missense Mutation in a Highly Conserved Alternate Exon of Dynamin-1 Causes Epilepsy in Fitful Mice |
The large tegument proteins of herpesviruses contain N-terminal cysteine proteases with potent ubiquitin and NEDD8-specific deconjugase activities , but the function of the enzymes during virus replication remains largely unknown . Using as model BPLF1 , the homologue encoded by Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) , we found th... | Viruses rely on the host cell for replication and have evolved sophisticated strategies to manipulate and harness the cellular metabolic pathways and defense responses . A better knowledge of these viral strategies will provide new targets for antiviral therapies . The N-terminus of the large tegument proteins of herpe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Caspase-1 Promotes Epstein-Barr Virus Replication by Targeting the Large Tegument Protein Deneddylase to the Nucleus of Productively Infected Cells |
De novo DNA methylation and the maintenance of DNA methylation in asymmetrical sequence contexts is catalyzed by homologous proteins in plants ( DRM2 ) and animals ( DNMT3a/b ) . In plants , targeting of DRM2 depends on small interfering RNAs ( siRNAs ) , although the molecular details are still unclear . Here , we sho... | Our genetic heritage plays an important role in determining who we are and the characteristics we possess . However , in the past decade it has become increasingly clear that in addition to the genes we inherit , a second level of information is critical for expression of these genes . This information takes the form o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression"
] | 2008 | SRA-Domain Proteins Required for DRM2-Mediated De Novo DNA Methylation |
Mutations in the ribosomal protein Rpl10 ( uL16 ) can be drivers of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( T-ALL ) . We previously showed that these T-ALL mutations disrupt late cytoplasmic maturation of the 60S ribosomal subunit , blocking the release of the trans-acting factors Nmd3 and Tif6 in S . cerevisiae . Conseq... | The ribosome is a large and structurally complex macromolecular machine , responsible for synthesizing proteins in all living cells , across all domains of life . The correct assembly of ribosomes is important for their ability to faithfully decode messenger RNAs and synthesize proteins . The insertion of the ribosomal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"phosphates",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"imidaz... | 2017 | The T-cell leukemia related rpl10-R98S mutant traps the 60S export adapter Nmd3 in the ribosomal P site in yeast |
The success of S . pneumoniae as a major human pathogen is largely due to its remarkable genomic plasticity , allowing efficient escape from antimicrobials action and host immune response . Natural transformation , or the active uptake and chromosomal integration of exogenous DNA during the transitory differentiated st... | Streptococcus pneumoniae often escapes prevention and treatment through rapid horizontal gene transfer via natural transformation . Uptake of exogenous DNA requires expression of a transformation pilus but two markedly different models for pilus assembly and function have been proposed . We previously reported a long ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Conserved Streptococcus pneumoniae Spirosomes Suggest a Single Type of Transformation Pilus in Competence |
Gene expression is intrinsically a stochastic ( noisy ) process with important implications for cellular functions . Deciphering the underlying mechanisms of gene expression noise remains one of the key challenges of regulatory biology . Theoretical models of transcription often incorporate the kinetics of how transcri... | Genetically identical cells , even when they are exposed to the same environmental conditions , display incredible diversity . Gene expression noise is attributed to be a key source of this phenotypic diversity . Transcriptional dynamics is a dominant source of expression noise . Although scores of theoretical and expe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"cell",
"physiology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"messenger",
"rna",
"population",
"genetics",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"gene",
"pool",
"dna",
"transcription",
"transcription",
"factors",
"population",
"biology",
"proteins",
"ge... | 2017 | Effect of transcription factor resource sharing on gene expression noise |
In this study , we have identified a unique mechanism in which human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) protein pUL79 acts as an elongation factor to direct cellular RNA polymerase II for viral transcription during late times of infection . We and others previously reported that pUL79 and its homologues are required for viral tr... | In this study , we report a novel mechanism used by human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) to regulate the elongation rate of RNA polymerase II ( RNAP II ) to facilitate viral transcription during late stages of infection . Recently , we and others have identified several viral factors that regulate gene expression during late... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"virology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"dna",
"transcription"
] | 2014 | Human Cytomegalovirus pUL79 Is an Elongation Factor of RNA Polymerase II for Viral Gene Transcription |
Antibiotic use on animals demonstrates improved growth regardless of whether or not there is clinical evidence of infectious disease . Antibiotics used for trachoma control may play an unintended benefit of improving child growth . In this sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial , we assess anthropometry of p... | Recent studies suggest that antibiotic use could have an effect on growth in humans . Azithromycin is an antibiotic used for trachoma control , and hence , may have an unintended benefit of improving child growth . Niger is a trachoma-endemic country where mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma take place and where... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"global",
"health"
] | 2014 | Does Mass Azithromycin Distribution Impact Child Growth and Nutrition in Niger? A Cluster-Randomized Trial |
Schistosomiasis is among the most prevalent parasitic infections worldwide . However , current Global Burden of Disease ( GBD ) disability-adjusted life year estimates indicate that its population-level impact is negligible . Recent studies suggest that GBD methodologies may significantly underestimate the burden of pa... | Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by a flatworm that disproportionately affects the world's poorest populations . Schistosomiasis is one of the most common infections worldwide , affecting over 207 million people in 76 countries . Current international estimates indicate that schistosomiasis has a minimal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Decision-Model Estimation of the Age-Specific Disability Weight for Schistosomiasis Japonica: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis with worldwide distribution . The causative agents are spirochete bacteria of the Leptospira genus , displaying huge diversity of serovars , the identity of which is critical for effective diagnosis and vaccination purposes . Among many other mammalian species , Leptospira infects ... | Several species of the genus Leptospira cause leptospirosis , a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans ( zoonosis ) . Leptospirosis is the most extended zoonosis worldwide , with over a million human cases each year . Leptospira spp . infect a broad range of wildlife and domestic animals , including cattle ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"urine",
... | 2018 | Isolation of pathogenic Leptospira strains from naturally infected cattle in Uruguay reveals high serovar diversity, and uncovers a relevant risk for human leptospirosis |
Theory predicts that selection for pathogen virulence and horizontal transmission is highest at the onset of an epidemic but decreases thereafter , as the epidemic depletes the pool of susceptible hosts . We tested this prediction by tracking the competition between the latent bacteriophage λ and its virulent mutant λc... | Why are some pathogens more virulent than others ? Theory predicts that pathogens that ‘keep their host alive’ can sometimes outcompete virulent pathogens in times when transmission to new susceptible hosts is unlikely . Yet , this prospect of finding a new susceptible host changes itself throughout an epidemic . In th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"population",
"dynamics",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"parasitology... | 2013 | Evolution of Virulence in Emerging Epidemics |
Sir2 is a central regulator of yeast aging and its deficiency increases daughter cell inheritance of stress- and aging-induced misfolded proteins deposited in aggregates and inclusion bodies . Here , by quantifying traits predicted to affect aggregate inheritance in a passive manner , we found that a passive diffusion ... | Asymmetric cell division is key to cellular rejuvenation and budding yeast exploits this mode of cytokinesis to generate a young daughter cell from a mother cell that with each division grows progressively older . Thus , age physiognomies are reset in the progeny during division , a phenomenon that requires a mother-bi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Essential Genetic Interactors of SIR2 Required for Spatial Sequestration and Asymmetrical Inheritance of Protein Aggregates |
DNA adenine methylation is widely used to control many DNA transactions , including replication . In Escherichia coli , methylation serves to silence newly synthesized ( hemimethylated ) sister origins . SeqA , a protein that binds to hemimethylated DNA , mediates the silencing , and this is necessary to restrict repli... | Bacteria usually have one chromosome but can have extrachromosomal replicons , called plasmids . Although normally dispensable , plasmids can confer adaptive advantage to cells in stressful environments . Bacteria can also have multiple chromosomes , each carrying essential genes , as in eukaryotes . In all organisms ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2010 | DNA Adenine Methylation Is Required to Replicate Both Vibrio cholerae Chromosomes Once per Cell Cycle |
The unraveling and control of protein stability at different temperatures is a fundamental problem in biophysics that is substantially far from being quantitatively and accurately solved , as it requires a precise knowledge of the temperature dependence of amino acid interactions . In this paper we attempt to gain insi... | The prediction of protein stability remains one of the key goals of protein science . Despite the significant efforts of the last decades , faster and more accurate stability predictors on the proteomic-wide scale are currently demanded . The determination and control of protein stability are indeed fundamental steps o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2014 | Stability Curve Prediction of Homologous Proteins Using Temperature-Dependent Statistical Potentials |
Modifiers of Mendelian disorders can provide insights into disease mechanisms and guide therapeutic strategies . A recent genome-wide association ( GWA ) study discovered genetic modifiers of Huntington's disease ( HD ) onset in Europeans . Here , we performed whole genome sequencing and GWA analysis of a Venezuelan HD... | Huntington’s disease ( HD ) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in HTT , which encodes huntingtin . HD involves various neurological manifestations such as involuntary movements , cognitive decline , and personality change; age at onset of diagnostic signs is par... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"genetic",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"autosomal",
"dominan... | 2018 | Population-specific genetic modification of Huntington's disease in Venezuela |
For the last 500 years , the Americas have been a melting pot both for genetically diverse humans and for the pathogenic and commensal organisms associated with them . One such organism is the stomach-dwelling bacterium Helicobacter pylori , which is highly prevalent in Latin America where it is a major current public ... | Helicobacter pylori is one of the best studied examples of an intimate association between bacteria and humans , due to its ability to colonize the stomach for decades and to transmit from generation to generation . A number of studies have sought to link diversity in H . pylori to human migrations but there are some d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"africans",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"in",
"situ",
"hybridization",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"ethnicities",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"helicobacter",
"outer",
"membrane",
... | 2017 | Rapid evolution of distinct Helicobacter pylori subpopulations in the Americas |
Mast cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases . However , this notion based on studies in mast cell-deficient mice is controversial . We therefore established an in vivo model for hyperactive mast cells by specifically ablating the NF-κB negative feedback regulator A20 . While A2... | Mast cells mediate allergic and anaphylactic immune reactions . They are also equipped with innate pattern recognition , cytokine , and alarmin receptors , which induce inflammatory responses . Correlative studies in human patients hinted at roles for mast cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases . However , studi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"inflammation",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"allergy",
"and",
"hypersensitivity",
"immunology",
"biology",
"autoimmunity",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2014 | A20-Deficient Mast Cells Exacerbate Inflammatory Responses In Vivo |
Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) has been shown to induce increased lipogenesis in infected cells , and this is believed to be required for proper virion envelopment . We show here that this increase is a consequence of the virus-induced redistribution of the host protein viperin to mitochondria and its capacity to inter... | Virus infection induces the production of interferons , which in turn stimulate the production of a set of proteins that often have antiviral functions . One of these interferon-inducible proteins is viperin , the product of the human Rsad2 gene . Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) paradoxically induces expression of viper... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Viperin Regulates Cellular Lipid Metabolism during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection |
The scale-up of antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) in South Africa substantially reduced AIDS-related deaths and new HIV infections . However , its success is threatened by the emergence of resistance to non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTI ) . The MARISA ( Modelling Antiretroviral drug Resistance In Sou... | Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTI ) threatens the long-term success of antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) roll-out in South Africa . We developed a compartmental model integrating the local HIV epidemiology with biological mechanisms of drug resistance . A first dimension of the model ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Method",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"drug",
"screening",
"health",
"care",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"pr... | 2019 | Bridging the gap between HIV epidemiology and antiretroviral resistance evolution: Modelling the spread of resistance in South Africa |
The spindle checkpoint is a mitotic surveillance system which ensures equal segregation of sister chromatids . It delays anaphase onset by inhibiting the action of the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as the anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome ( APC/C ) . Mad3/BubR1 is a key component of the mitotic checkpoint complex ( M... | When cells divide they need to ensure that a complete copy of their genetic material is transmitted to both daughter cells . Cells have evolved many controls to ensure that every division is carried out with very high fidelity . The spindle checkpoint is one such control , which acts as a surveillance system during mit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"anaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"biochemical",
"analysis",
"mitosis",
"fungi",
"in",
"vitro",
"kinase",
"assay",
"model",
"organisms",
"enzyme",
"assays",
"immunoprecipitation",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physi... | 2016 | Mps1Mph1 Kinase Phosphorylates Mad3 to Inhibit Cdc20Slp1-APC/C and Maintain Spindle Checkpoint Arrests |
Three prime repair exonuclease 1 ( TREX1 ) is an essential exonuclease in mammalian cells , and numerous in vivo and in vitro data evidenced its participation in immunity regulation and in genotoxicity remediation . In these very complicated cellular functions , the molecular mechanisms by which duplex DNA substrates a... | Three prime repair exonuclease 1 ( TREX1 ) was shown to participate in various cellular events such as DNA repair , immunity regulation , and viral infection . In addition to relating to autoimmune diseases , this exonuclease also acts as a potential protein target for anticancer or antiviral therapies . A key for such... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"crystal",
"structure",
"nucleases",
"enzymes",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"enzymology",
"dna",
"damage",
"dna",
"structure",
"dna",
"crystallography",
"solid",
"state",
"physics",
"proteins",
"ribonucleases",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
... | 2018 | Structural basis for overhang excision and terminal unwinding of DNA duplexes by TREX1 |
Semen liquefaction changes semen from a gel-like to watery consistency and is required for sperm to gain mobility and swim to the fertilization site in the Fallopian tubes . Kallikrein-related peptidases 3 ( KLK3 ) and other kallikrein-related peptidases from male prostate glands are responsible for semen liquefaction ... | Semen liquefaction has been considered to be solely modulated by prostate-derived kallikrein-related peptidases ( KLKs ) , especially KLK3 ( or prostate specific antigen ) . However , our research demonstrated that female mice lacking estrogen receptor alpha ( ERα ) in the uterine epithelial cells had a drastic decreas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"uterus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"body",
"fluids",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"collagens",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"germ",
"cells",
"enzyme",
"inhibitors",
"sperm",
"semen",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
... | 2017 | Crucial role of estrogen for the mammalian female in regulating semen coagulation and liquefaction in vivo |
Early in an epidemic , high densities of susceptible hosts select for relatively high parasite virulence; later in the epidemic , lower susceptible densities select for lower virulence . Thus over the course of a typical epidemic the average virulence of parasite strains increases initially , peaks partway through the ... | Pathogens such as HIV can evolve rapidly when the environment changes . One important aspect of a pathogen’s environment is the probability that an infectious contact ( a sneeze for a respiratory disease , or an unprotected sex act for a sexually transmitted disease ) encounters an uninfected person and thus has a chan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"demography",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"and",
"statistics",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
... | 2017 | Effects of contact structure on the transient evolution of HIV virulence |
This paper assesses the impact of a counselling intervention on reducing leprosy-related stigma in Cirebon District , Indonesia . The unique features of this intervention are its rights-based approach , the underlying Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT ) model , the three types of counselling and the lay and peer coun... | Can building knowledge , increasing the awareness of rights and developing confidence through counselling empower people affected by leprosy and reduce the stigma that surrounds them ? In this paper the authors describe the impact of a counselling module designed to address the widespread issue of stigma in Cirebon Dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"human",
"families",
"cognitive",
"psycholog... | 2016 | The Impact of a Rights-Based Counselling Intervention to Reduce Stigma in People Affected by Leprosy in Indonesia |
There are no effective vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , a neglected parasitic disease second only to malaria in global mortality . We previously identified 14 protective candidates in a screen of 100 Leishmania antigens as DNA vaccines in mice . Here we employ whole blood assays to evaluate human cytokine r... | Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that results in death in susceptible people unless they are treated . Current drugs are expensive and toxic , and there are no vaccines in use in humans . We know that it is possible to become immune to infection with this parasite because people who have been cured using... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"biology",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Cytokine Responses to Novel Antigens in an Indian Population Living in an Area Endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis |
Chromosome inheritance during sexual reproduction relies on deliberate induction of double-strand DNA breaks ( DSBs ) and repair of a subset of these breaks as interhomolog crossovers ( COs ) . Here we provide a direct demonstration , based on our analysis of rad-50 mutants , that the meiotic program in Caenorhabditis ... | Faithful inheritance of chromosomes during sexual reproduction depends on the deliberate formation of double-strand DNA breaks ( DSBs ) and subsequent repair of a subset of these breaks by a mechanism that leads to crossovers between homologous chromosome pairs . The requirement for crossovers to ensure chromosome segr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"eukaryotes",
"animals",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"nematodes"
] | 2007 | C. elegans Germ Cells Switch between Distinct Modes of Double-Strand Break Repair During Meiotic Prophase Progression |
The human brain efficiently solves certain operations such as object recognition and categorization through a massively parallel network of dedicated processors . However , human cognition also relies on the ability to perform an arbitrarily large set of tasks by flexibly recombining different processors into a novel c... | A ubiquitous aspect of brain function is its quasi-modular and massively parallel organization . The paradox is that this extraordinary parallel machine is incapable of performing a single large arithmetic calculation . How come it is so easy to recognize moving objects , but so difficult to multiply 357 times 289 ? An... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/experimental",
"psychology",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2010 | The Brain's Router: A Cortical Network Model of Serial Processing in the Primate Brain |
Genome Wide Association Studies ( GWAS ) and expression quantitative trait locus ( eQTL ) analyses have identified genetic associations with a wide range of human phenotypes . However , many of these variants have weak effects and understanding their combined effect remains a challenge . One hypothesis is that multiple... | Large-scale studies have identified thousands of genetic variants associated with different phenotypes without explaining their function . Expression quantitative trait locus analysis associates the compendium of genetic variants with expression levels of individual genes , providing the opportunity to link those varia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"pulmonology",
"chronic",
"obstructive",
"pulmonary",
"disease",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"test",
"statistics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"network",
"... | 2016 | Bipartite Community Structure of eQTLs |
Many pathogenic bacteria , fungi , and protozoa achieve chronic infection through an immune evasion strategy known as antigenic variation . In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum , this involves transcriptional switching among members of the var gene family , causing parasites with different antigenic and ... | The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum avoids recognition and clearance by the immune system by sequentially switching between members of the var multi-gene family which encode the immunodominant surface proteins PfEMP1 . However , some mechanism must exist to prevent rapid exposure of the pathogen's entire antigen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"biology",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Antigenic Variation in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Involves a Highly Structured Switching Pattern |
Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that replicates in host macrophages and causes a severe pneumonia called Legionnaires' Disease . The innate immune response to L . pneumophila remains poorly understood . Here we focused on identifying host and bacterial factors involved in the production of ... | Initial detection of invading microorganisms is one of the primary tasks of the innate immune system . However , the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens are recognized remain incompletely understood . Here , we provide evidence that an immunosurveillance pathway ( called the RIG-I/MDA5 pathway ) , thought primarily... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2009 | Identification of Host Cytosolic Sensors and Bacterial Factors Regulating the Type I Interferon Response to Legionella pneumophila |
Several studies suggest that HTLV-1 infection may be associated with a wider spectrum of neurologic manifestations that do not meet diagnostic criteria for HAM/TSP . These conditions may later progress to HAM/TSP or constitute an intermediate clinical form , between asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and those with full myel... | At least 5–10 million people live with the Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) worldwide , and around 0 . 25–5% of them may develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/Tropical spastic paraparesis ( HAM/TSP ) , which is associated with chronic inflammation . In this study , involving 175 HTLV-1-infected subjects... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"urology",
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"bladder",
"and",
"ureteric",
"disorders",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"pathogens",
"amyotrophic",
"lateral",
"sclerosis",... | 2019 | Detection of clinical and neurological signs in apparently asymptomatic HTLV-1 infected carriers: Association with high proviral load |
Protegrin peptides are potent antimicrobial agents believed to act against a variety of pathogens by forming nonselective transmembrane pores in the bacterial cell membrane . We have employed 3D Poisson-Nernst-Planck ( PNP ) calculations to determine the steady-state ion conduction characteristics of such pores at appl... | Protegrins are small peptides with strong antimicrobial properties , believed to kill bacteria primarily by forming nonselective pores in the bacterial membrane . This nonspecific and highly effective mechanism of action has created significant excitement about the use of protegrins as therapeutic antibiotics . However... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Poisson-Nernst-Planck Models of Nonequilibrium Ion Electrodiffusion through a Protegrin Transmembrane Pore |
A four-helix bundle is a well-characterized motif often used as a target for designed pharmaceutical therapeutics and nutritional supplements . Recently , we discovered a new structural complexity within this motif created by a disulphide bridge in the long-chain helical bundle cytokine leptin . When oxidized , leptin ... | We discovered a new class of helical bundle proteins with knot-like structures where part of the polypeptide chain is threaded through a covalently bound loop . We call this unique structural motif a Pierced Lasso Bundle . We discovered 12 structurally homologous proteins in the PDB . Our results indicate that the PLB ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cytokines",
"proteins",
"protein",
"folding",
"molecular",
"development",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"molecular",
"... | 2014 | Pierced Lasso Bundles Are a New Class of Knot-like Motifs |
Controlled synthesis of silicon is a major challenge in nanotechnology and material science . Diatoms , the unicellular algae , are an inspiring example of silica biosynthesis , producing complex and delicate nano-structures . This happens in several cell compartments , including cytoplasm and silica deposition vesicle... | Understanding complex biological systems , especially at intracellular scales , has always been a big challenge , owing to the difficulties in measuring and manipulating such small quantities . Computational modeling brings promising possibilities to this area . The model organism we have studied here is the diatom , a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"physiological",
"processes",
"biomineralization",
"physiology",
"earth",
"sciences",
"marine",
"and",
"aquatic",
"sciences",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"marine",
"b... | 2014 | Understanding the Sub-Cellular Dynamics of Silicon Transportation and Synthesis in Diatoms Using Population-Level Data and Computational Optimization |
SARS coronavirus ( SCoV ) nonstructural protein ( nsp ) 1 , a potent inhibitor of host gene expression , possesses a unique mode of action: it binds to 40S ribosomes to inactivate their translation functions and induces host mRNA degradation . Our previous study demonstrated that nsp1 induces RNA modification near the ... | Severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) coronavirus ( SCoV ) is the causative agent of SARS . The nsp1 protein of SCoV blocks host protein synthesis , including type I interferon , a general inhibitor of virus replication , in infected cells . This finding suggests that SCoV nsp1 protein plays a key role in the seve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | SARS Coronavirus nsp1 Protein Induces Template-Dependent Endonucleolytic Cleavage of mRNAs: Viral mRNAs Are Resistant to nsp1-Induced RNA Cleavage |
Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein elements ( EBLNs ) , the nucleotide sequence elements derived from the nucleoprotein gene of ancient bornavirus-like viruses , have been identified in many animal genomes . Here we show evidence that EBLNs encode functional proteins in their host . Some afrotherian EBLNs were ob... | Endogenous retroviruses are representative of endogenous viral elements ( EVEs ) , which are known to have occasionally served as the source of evolutionary innovations of the host . Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein element ( EBLN ) was the first EVE identified in mammalian genomes to have been derived from a n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"messenger",
"rna",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"viruses",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"rna",
"viruses",
"bornaviruses",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology... | 2016 | Exaptation of Bornavirus-Like Nucleoprotein Elements in Afrotherians |
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