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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Glycans play important roles in host-microbe interactions . Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1 , 4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 ( B4galnt2 ) are variable in wild mouse populations , and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota . We h... | Human blood groups are among the oldest known genetic polymorphisms . It has been proposed that blood group variation is a byproduct of pathogen-driven selection , including in the gastrointestinal tract where blood-group-related genes are often variably expressed . The B4galnt2 gene is responsible for the synthesis of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Expression of the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 Alters Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection |
DNA double-strand breaks ( DSB ) are very harmful lesions that can generate genome rearrangements . In this study , we used intrachromosomal reporters to compare both the efficiency and accuracy of end-joining occurring with close ( 34 bp apart ) vs . distant DSBs ( 3200 bp apart ) in human fibroblasts . We showed that... | A DNA double-strand break is a very toxic lesion that can be repaired by rejoining DNA ends . This repair process can have deleterious consequences on the genome by joining DNA ends that were not originally fused ( translocations ) or modifying the DNA sequence with deletions or insertions . Here , we show that rejoini... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"meiosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"dna",
"replication",
"dna",
"molecular",
"... | 2016 | 53BP1 Protects against CtIP-Dependent Capture of Ectopic Chromosomal Sequences at the Junction of Distant Double-Strand Breaks |
A developing plant organ exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns of growth , cell division , cell size , cell shape , and organ shape . Explaining these patterns presents a challenge because of their dynamics and cross-correlations , which can make it difficult to disentangle causes from effects . To address these pro... | Organ morphogenesis involves two coordinated processes: growth of tissue and increase in cell number through cell division . Both processes have been analysed individually in many systems and shown to exhibit complex patterns in space and time . However , it is unclear how these patterns of growth and cell division are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"skin",
"cell",
"physiology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"integumentary",
"system",
"cell",
"division",
"analysis",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"cell",
"polarity",
"plant",
"science",... | 2018 | Spatiotemporal coordination of cell division and growth during organ morphogenesis |
The allosteric mechanism plays a key role in cellular functions of several PDZ domain proteins ( PDZs ) and is directly linked to pharmaceutical applications; however , it is a challenge to elaborate the nature and extent of these allosteric interactions . One solution to this problem is to explore the dynamics of PDZs... | PDZ domain proteins ( PDZs ) act as adapters in organizing functional protein complexes . Through dynamic interactions , PDZs play a key role in mediating key cellular functions in the cell , and they are linked to currently challenging diseases including Alzheimer's , Parkinson's and cancer . Moreover , they are assoc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Change in Allosteric Network Affects Binding Affinities of PDZ Domains: Analysis through Perturbation Response Scanning |
Polyketides , a diverse group of heteropolymers with antibiotic and antitumor properties , are assembled in bacteria by multiprotein chains of modular polyketide synthase ( PKS ) proteins . Specific protein–protein interactions determine the order of proteins within a multiprotein chain , and thereby the order in which... | Biomolecular interactions can be extraordinarily specific . In many instances , a protein can select its single correct binding partner from among a large array of closely related candidates . For polyketide synthases ( PKSs ) , a family of bacterial enzymes , such specificity is essential . Like workers on an assembly... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"eubacteria",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | The Origins of Specificity in Polyketide Synthase Protein Interactions |
Depression is characterized by a marked decrease in social interactions and blunted sensitivity to rewards . Surprisingly , despite the importance of social deficits in depression , non-social aspects have been disproportionally investigated . As a consequence , the cognitive mechanisms underlying atypical decision-mak... | Blunted sensitivity to rewards is at the core of depression . However , studies that investigated the influence of depression on decision-making have often done so in asocial contexts , thereby providing only partial insights into the way depressive disorders impact the underlying cognitive processes . Indeed , atypica... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"statistics",
"metaanalysis",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"anxiety",
"cognition",
... | 2019 | Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts |
The ascending modulatory systems of the brain stem are powerful regulators of global brain state . Disturbances of these systems are implicated in several major neuropsychiatric disorders . Yet , how these systems interact with specific neural computations in the cerebral cortex to shape perception , cognition , and be... | The human brain is equipped with a number of modulatory neurotransmitter systems , which have widespread projections and regulate global brain states . Disturbances of these systems are implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders , but how they modulate specific neural computations to shape perception , cognition ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"acetylcholine",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"mathematics",
"brain",
"mapping",
"amines",
"vision",
"neurotransmitters",
"catecholamines",
"disc... | 2018 | Catecholamines alter the intrinsic variability of cortical population activity and perception |
Various types of neural-based signals , such as EEG , local field potentials and intracellular synaptic potentials , integrate multiple sources of activity distributed across large assemblies . They have in common a power-law frequency-scaling structure at high frequencies , but it is still unclear whether this scaling... | Intracellular recording of neocortical neurons provides an opportunity of characterizing the statistical signature of the synaptic bombardment to which it is submitted . Indeed the membrane potential displays intense fluctuations which reflect the cumulative activity of thousands of input neurons . In sensory cortical ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2009 | Network-State Modulation of Power-Law Frequency-Scaling in Visual Cortical Neurons |
We recently described a new , live-attenuated vaccine candidate for chikungunya ( CHIK ) fever , CHIKV/IRES . This vaccine was shown to be well attenuated , immunogenic and efficacious in protecting against CHIK virus ( CHIKV ) challenge of mice and nonhuman primates . To further evaluate its preclinical safety , we co... | Chikungunya fever is a reemerging , mosquito-borne viral disease that causes severe , debilitating , and often chronic arthralgia . The virus reemerged from Africa in 2004 and has since caused disease in millions of persons , including in over one million in the Americas since it arrived for the first time in modern sc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Extended Preclinical Safety, Efficacy and Stability Testing of a Live-attenuated Chikungunya Vaccine Candidate |
The predominant mechanism of drug resistance in African trypanosomes is decreased drug uptake due to loss-of-function mutations in the genes for the transporters that mediate drug import . The role of transporters as determinants of drug susceptibility is well documented from laboratory-selected Trypanosoma brucei muta... | Human African Trypanosomiasis , or sleeping sickness , is a fatal disease restricted to sub-Saharan Africa , caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T . b . rhodesiense . The treatment relies on chemotherapy exclusively . Drug resistance in T . brucei was investigated mainly in laboratory-selected lines and found to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Aquaporin 2 Mutations in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Field Isolates Correlate with Decreased Susceptibility to Pentamidine and Melarsoprol |
Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes that cause nagana in cattle , and sleeping sickness in humans . Therefore , optimising visual baits to control tsetse is an important priority . Tsetse are intercepted at visual baits due to their initial attraction to the bait , and their subsequent contact with it due to landing or ... | Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness . Visual baits to attract and kill tsetse are an important method of vector control , and the rational improvement of these baits depends on a mechanistic understanding of tsetse behaviour . Visual baits are often panels of insecticide-treated cloth which ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A Receptor-Based Explanation for Tsetse Fly Catch Distribution between Coloured Cloth Panels and Flanking Nets |
Many genetic and physiological treatments that extend lifespan also confer resistance to a variety of stressors , suggesting that cytoprotective mechanisms underpin the regulation of longevity . It has not been established , however , whether the induction of cytoprotective pathways is essential for lifespan extension ... | Many mutations that increase animal lifespan also confer stress tolerance , suggesting that cytoprotective mechanisms underpin the regulation of longevity . It has not been established , however , whether the induction of individual cytoprotective pathways is essential for lifespan extension , or merely correlated . To... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"animal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"signal",
"transdu... | 2012 | Induction of Cytoprotective Pathways Is Central to the Extension of Lifespan Conferred by Multiple Longevity Pathways |
Attribution of biological robustness to the specific structural properties of a regulatory network is an important yet unsolved problem in systems biology . It is widely believed that the topological characteristics of a biological control network largely determine its dynamic behavior , yet the actual mechanism is sti... | Living organisms exert very complicated control on the functionality of their components . Such control systems can often operate in a surprisingly robust manner , in spite of constant perturbations from fluctuating internal conditions and a volatile external environment . What feature makes such control mechanisms rob... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks",
"computer",
"science/systems",
"and",
"control",
"theory",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Identification of a Topological Characteristic Responsible for the Biological Robustness of Regulatory Networks |
The threadworm , Strongyloides stercoralis , endemic in tropical and temperate climates , is a neglected tropical disease . Its diagnosis requires specific methods , and accurate information on its geographic distribution and global burden are lacking . We predicted prevalence , using Bayesian geostatistical modeling ,... | Data on the prevalence and distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis ( threadworm ) is scarce in many resource-poor countries . We carried out a cross-sectional study during the dry season among 2 , 396 rural Cambodians of all ages . We used a rigorous diagnostic approach , involving two stool samples per person and tw... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"helminth",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"primary",
"care",
"environmental",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"strongyloidiasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"di... | 2014 | High Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis in Rural Cambodia |
Formation of spatial gene expression patterns in development depends on transcriptional responses mediated by gene control regions , enhancers . Here , we explore possible responses of enhancers to overlapping gradients of antagonistic transcriptional regulators in the Drosophila embryo . Using quantitative models base... | The early development of the fruit fly embryo depends on an intricate but well-studied gene regulatory network . In fly eggs , maternally deposited gene products—morphogenes—form spatial concentration gradients . The graded distribution of the maternal morphogenes initiates a cascade of gene interactions leading to emb... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"drosophila",
"developmental",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Enhancer Responses to Similarly Distributed Antagonistic Gradients in Development |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are small regulatory RNAs processed from primary miRNA transcripts , and plant miRNAs play important roles in plant growth , development , and response to infection by microbes . Microbial infections broadly alter miRNA biogenesis , but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood . In this s... | MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level and have emerged as key players in regulating plant growth , development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses . Accumulating evidences suggest that miRNAs are pivotal modulators of host–virus interactions , but how... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2017 | Rice stripe virus NS3 protein regulates primary miRNA processing through association with the miRNA biogenesis factor OsDRB1 and facilitates virus infection in rice |
Snake bite causes greater mortality than most of the other neglected tropical diseases . Snake antivenom , although effective in minimizing mortality in developed countries , is not equally so in developing countries due to its poor availability in remote snake infested areas as , and when , required . An alternative a... | Antivenom , the only effective therapy against snake bite in practice , is successful in controlling mortality in developed countries , but not in developing countries . Unavailability of antivenom at the proper time and place of snake bite in developing countries is a major factor in this account , which results not o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"primary",
"care",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"critical",
"care",
"and",
"emergency",
"medicine",
"toxicology",
"health",
"care"
] | 2014 | Viper and Cobra Venom Neutralization by Alginate Coated Multicomponent Polyvalent Antivenom Administered by the Oral Route |
Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum involves a complex cascade of protein-protein interactions between parasite ligands and host receptors . The reticulocyte binding-like homologue ( PfRh ) protein family is involved in binding to and initiating entry of the invasive merozoite into erythrocytes . An impor... | The malaria parasite invades red blood cells by binding to proteins on the surface of this host cell . A family of proteins called P . falciparum reticulocyte binding-like homologue ( PfRh ) proteins are important for recognition of the red blood cell and activation of the invasion process . An important member of the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | An EGF-like Protein Forms a Complex with PfRh5 and Is Required for Invasion of Human Erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum |
To cause disease , Clostridioides ( Clostridium ) difficile must resist killing by innate immune effectors in the intestine , including the host antimicrobial peptide , cathelicidin ( LL-37 ) . The mechanisms that enable C . difficile to adapt to the intestine in the presence of antimicrobial peptides are unknown . Exp... | C . difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diarrheal disease . Though C . difficile is known to inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract , the mechanisms that allow this pathogen to adapt to the intestine and survive host defenses are not known . In this work , we investigated the response of C . d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"operons",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"analysis",
"of",
"variance",
"regulator",
"genes... | 2018 | The C. difficile clnRAB operon initiates adaptations to the host environment in response to LL-37 |
The flipping-out of a DNA base from the double helical structure is a key step of many cellular processes , such as DNA replication , modification and repair . Base pair opening is the first step of base flipping and the exact mechanism is still not well understood . We investigate sequence effects on base pair opening... | The DNA double helix , a molecule that stores biological information , has become an iconic image of biomedical research . In order to use or repair the information it carries , the bases that are stacked in the helix need to be chemically exposed . This can happen either by separating the two strands in the helix or b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"protons",
"chemical",
"bonding",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"geometry",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"mathematics",
"dna",
"dna",
"structure",
"thermodynamics",
"hydrogen",
"bonding",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"chemistry",
"nu... | 2017 | Sequence dependency of canonical base pair opening in the DNA double helix |
We contribute a new methodological approach to the ongoing efforts towards evaluating public health surveillance . Specifically , we apply a descriptive framework , grounded in prospect theory ( PT ) , for the evaluation of decisions on disease surveillance deployment . We focus on two attributes of any surveillance sy... | In this paper we contribute a new methodological approach to the ongoing efforts towards evaluating public health surveillance . Specifically , we apply a descriptive framework for the evaluation of decisions on disease surveillance deployment . We focus on two attributes of any surveillance system: timeliness and fals... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"arithmetic",
"research",
"design",
"rabies",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"cognition",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"question... | 2019 | Unbiased assessment of disease surveillance utilities: A prospect theory application |
Current understanding of adaptive immune , particularly T cell , responses to human rhinoviruses ( RV ) is limited . Memory T cells are thought to be of a primarily T helper 1 type , but both T helper 1 and T helper 2 memory cells have been described , and heightened T helper 2/ lessened T helper 1 responses have been ... | Rhinovirus infections cause the common cold and a high proportion of exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive airway disease . Little is understood of the roles of T cells in causing or limiting rhinovirus disease . Rhinovirus-specific memory cells are primarily of a T helper 1 type in healthy people , but rhino... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"cytokines",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immunology",
"pulmonology",
"developme... | 2016 | Tbet Deficiency Causes T Helper Cell Dependent Airways Eosinophilia and Mucus Hypersecretion in Response to Rhinovirus Infection |
We introduce in this paper a new method for reducing neurodynamical data to an effective diffusion equation , either experimentally or using simulations of biophysically detailed models . The dimensionality of the data is first reduced to the first principal component , and then fitted by the stationary solution of a m... | We introduce a novel methodology that allows for an effective description of a neurodynamical system in a data-driven fashion . In particular , no knowledge of the dynamics operating at the neuronal or synaptic level is required . The idea is to fit the underlying dynamics of the data using a stochastic differential eq... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Effective Reduced Diffusion-Models: A Data Driven Approach to the Analysis of Neuronal Dynamics |
Trypanosoma ( T . ) evansi is a dyskinetoplastic variant of T . brucei that has gained the ability to be transmitted by all sorts of biting flies . T . evansi can be divided into type A , which is the most abundant and found in Africa , Asia and Latin America and type B , which has so far been isolated only from Kenyan... | Trypanosoma ( T . ) evansi causes surra in various animal species in Africa , Latin America and Asia . Despite inducing important animal suffering , economic losses and being a World Animal Health Organisation ( OIE ) notifiable disease , surra is severely neglected in terms of awareness , control interventions and res... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"vertebrates",
"cloning",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"mammals",
"animals",
"protozoans",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"extraction",
... | 2016 | New Trypanosoma evansi Type B Isolates from Ethiopian Dromedary Camels |
Mass drug administration ( MDA ) , targeted at school-aged children ( SAC ) is the method recommended by the World Health Organization for the control of morbidity induced by soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infection in endemic countries . However , MDA does not prevent reinfection between treatment rounds and resear... | Mass drug administration ( MDA ) , treating either whole communities or targeted groups without a prior diagnosis , is used as a control strategy for many neglected tropical diseases , including soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infection . MDA takes place at set intervals , aiming to reduce morbidity caused by the tar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"health",
"care",
"age",
"groups",
"ascaris",
"ascaris",
"lumbricoides",
"myanmar",
"neglected",
... | 2019 | Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection four and six months after mass drug administration: results from the delta region of Myanmar |
Interleukin 17 ( IL-17 ) –producing γδ T cells ( γδ17 T cells ) have been recently found to promote tumor growth and metastasis formation . How such γδ17 T-cell responses may be regulated in the tumor microenvironment remains , however , largely unknown . Here , we report that tumor-associated neutrophils can display a... | Tumors are infiltrated by many immune cells that influence many aspects of cancer progression and outcome , including tumor growth , invasion of healthy surrounding tissues , formation of metastasis , and response to treatments . Among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes , γδ T cells play dual functions in the tumor milieu;... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reactive",
"oxygen",
"species",
"immune",
"cells",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"oxides",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"immunology",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"cyt... | 2018 | Tumor-associated neutrophils suppress pro-tumoral IL-17+ γδ T cells through induction of oxidative stress |
Chromatin-modifying enzymes and ATP-dependent remodeling complexes have been intensely studied individually , yet how these activities are coordinated to ensure essential cell functions such as transcription , replication , and repair of damage is not well understood . In this study , we show that the critical loss of ... | In eukaryotes , essential processes such as transcription , replication , and repair of damage occur in the context of chromatin . The structure of chromatin is tightly regulated during the cell cycle by chromatin-modifying enzymes , including acetyltransferases , and ATP-dependent remodeling complexes . Although there... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"chromatin",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"dna",
"transcription",
"histone",
"modification"
] | 2012 | Functional Antagonism between Sas3 and Gcn5 Acetyltransferases and ISWI Chromatin Remodelers |
Epidemics of meningococcal meningitis ( MM ) recurrently strike the African Meningitis Belt . This study aimed at investigating factors , still poorly understood , that influence annual incidence of MM serogroup A , the main etiologic agent over 2004–2010 , at a fine spatial scale in Niger . To take into account data d... | Meningococcal meningitis ( MM ) is a severe infection of the meninges caused by a bacterium transmitted through respiratory droplets . During January–May , epidemics of MM recurrently strike sub-Saharan countries , including Niger . Understanding why epidemics occur in a particular place at a particular time would help... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"geoinformatics",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"population",
"modeling",
"spatial",
"analysis",
"human",
"geography",
"public",
"and",
"... | 2014 | Spatio-Temporal Factors Associated with Meningococcal Meningitis Annual Incidence at the Health Centre Level in Niger, 2004–2010 |
Leishmania is a digenetic protozoan parasite causing leishmaniasis in humans . The different clinical forms of leishmaniasis are caused by more than twenty species of Leishmania that are transmitted by nearly thirty species of phlebotomine sand flies . Pentavalent antimonials ( such as Pentostam or Glucantime ) are the... | The degree of response to antimonial drugs varies widely between species and even among strains of the same species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania . However , the molecular mechanism ( s ) is unknown . In this study , we show that Leishmania aquaglyceroporin AQP1 drives this species-specific antimonial resistance... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Species-Specific Antimonial Sensitivity in Leishmania Is Driven by Post-Transcriptional Regulation of AQP1 |
Schmallenberg virus ( SBV ) is an emerging orthobunyavirus of ruminants associated with outbreaks of congenital malformations in aborted and stillborn animals . Since its discovery in November 2011 , SBV has spread very rapidly to many European countries . Here , we developed molecular and serological tools , and an ex... | Schmallenberg virus ( SBV ) was discovered in Germany ( near the town of Schmallenberg ) in November 2011 and since then has been found to be the cause of malformations and stillbirths in ruminants . SBV has spread very rapidly to many European countries including the Netherlands , Belgium , France and the United Kingd... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"rna",
"viruses",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2013 | Schmallenberg Virus Pathogenesis, Tropism and Interaction with the Innate Immune System of the Host |
In metazoans , the majority of mRNAs coding for secreted and membrane-bound proteins are translated on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) . Although the targeting of these transcripts to the surface of the ER can be mediated by the translation of a signal sequence and their maintenance is mediated by inter... | Messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) that encode secreted or membrane-bound proteins must be delivered to , and then maintained on , the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) . These mRNAs encode a short polypeptide that targets the mRNA/ribosome/nascent protein complexes to the ER surface during translation; however , recen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rna",
"cellular",
"structures",
"subcellular",
"organelles",
"rna",
"transport",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"protein",
"translation",
"gene",
"expression",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2012 | p180 Promotes the Ribosome-Independent Localization of a Subset of mRNA to the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
The contribution of basal and luminal cells to cancer progression and metastasis is poorly understood . We report generation of reporter systems driven by either keratin-14 ( K14 ) or keratin-8 ( K8 ) promoter that not only express a fluorescent protein but also an inducible suicide gene . Transgenic mice express the r... | Most , if not all , cancer-related deaths result from metastasis . The differentiation states of the cancer epithelial cells are thought to be a critical determinant of metastasis . Epithelial cancer cells with a basal cell type are more aggressive in forming metastasis than cancer cells with luminal cell type . Very l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"green",
"fluorescent",
"prot... | 2018 | Reporters to mark and eliminate basal or luminal epithelial cells in culture and in vivo |
Eggs of the helminth Schistosoma mansoni accumulate in the colon following infection and generate Th2-biassed inflammatory granulomas which become down- modulated in size as the infection proceeds to chronicity . However , although CD4+CD25+FoxP3+regulatory T cells ( Tregs ) are known to suppress Th1-mediated colitis ,... | Schistosomiasis is an important parasitic helminth disease afflicting more than 200 million people worldwide . Infections are typically chronic and in the case of Schistosoma mansoni and S . japonicum the majority give rise to an intestinal form of disease caused by the deposition of parasite eggs in the colon and term... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"colon",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"schistosomiasis",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | CD4+CD25+ Regulatory Cells Contribute to the Regulation of Colonic Th2 Granulomatous Pathology Caused by Schistosome Infection |
Rift Valley fever virus is an arthropod-borne human and animal pathogen responsible for large outbreaks of acute and febrile illness throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula . Reverse genetics technology has been used to develop deletion mutants of the virus that lack the NSs and/or NSm virulence genes and have been... | Rift Valley fever virus is transmitted mainly by mosquitoes and causes disease in humans and animals throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula . The impact of disease is large in terms of human illness and mortality , and economic impact on the livestock industry . For these reasons , and because there is a risk of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"viral",
"vaccines",
"viral",
"classification",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"rna",
"viruses",
"vaccination",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"vectors",
"and",
"hosts",
"mosquitoes",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunity",
"vector",
"biology",
... | 2012 | Infection and Transmission of Rift Valley Fever Viruses Lacking the NSs and/or NSm Genes in Mosquitoes: Potential Role for NSm in Mosquito Infection |
Understanding the pathogenesis of infection by neurotropic viruses represents a major challenge and may improve our knowledge of many human neurological diseases for which viruses are thought to play a role . Borna disease virus ( BDV ) represents an attractive model system to analyze the molecular mechanisms whereby a... | Neurotropic viruses have evolved diverse strategies to persist in their host , with variable consequences for brain function . The investigation of these mechanisms of persistence and associated disease represent a major issue in viral pathogenesis , as it may also improve our understanding of human neurological diseas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Mutation of the Protein Kinase C Site in Borna Disease Virus Phosphoprotein Abrogates Viral Interference with Neuronal Signaling and Restores Normal Synaptic Activity |
The generation and resolution of joint molecule recombination intermediates is required to ensure bipolar chromosome segregation during meiosis . During wild type meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans , SPO-11-generated double stranded breaks are resolved to generate a single crossover per bivalent and the remaining recomb... | Meiotic recombination generates joint molecules that ensure chromosomes segregate correctly . Failure to generate or resolve joint molecules can have profound effects on fertility and on the viability of resulting progeny . The generation and resolution of joint molecules is carefully regulated . Generation of joint mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2013 | Joint Molecule Resolution Requires the Redundant Activities of MUS-81 and XPF-1 during Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis |
Sheep are a key source of meat , milk and fibre for the global livestock sector , and an important biomedical model . Global analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues has aided genome annotation and supported functional annotation of mammalian genes . We present a large-scale RNA-Seq dataset representing all ... | Sheep are ruminant mammals kept as livestock for the production of meat , milk and wool in agricultural industries across the globe . Genetic and genomic information can be used to improve production traits such as growth rate and health and fitness traits including disease resilience . The sheep genome is , however , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cdna",
"libraries",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"immune",
"cells",
"ruminants",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"dna",
"libraries",
"dna",
"mammalian",
"g... | 2017 | A high resolution atlas of gene expression in the domestic sheep (Ovis aries) |
MicroRNAs ( miRNA ) have emerged as key regulators of cell lineage differentiation and cancer . We used precursor miRNA profiling by a novel real-time QPCR method ( i ) to define progressive stages of endothelial cell transformation cumulating in Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) and ( ii ) to identify specific miRNAs that serve a... | MicroRNAs are key regulators of cancer and development . We can use their pattern of expression to classify different cancers or in our case different stages in cancer development . We used a novel method to define progressive stages for Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) , which is a cancer of the endothelial cells . We identified... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology/sarcomas",
"oncology/skin",
"cancers",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"virology/effects",
"of",
"virus",
"infection",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"expression",
"oncology/hematological",
"malignancies"
] | 2009 | Pre-Micro RNA Signatures Delineate Stages of Endothelial Cell Transformation in Kaposi Sarcoma |
How do bacteria regulate their cellular physiology in response to starvation ? Here , we present a detailed characterization of Escherichia coli growth and starvation over a time-course lasting two weeks . We have measured multiple cellular components , including RNA and proteins at deep genomic coverage , as well as l... | Bacteria frequently experience starvation conditions in their natural environments . Yet how they modify their physiology in response to these conditions remains poorly understood . Here , we performed a detailed , two-week starvation experiment in E . coli . We exhaustively monitored changes in cellular components , s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Controlled Measurement and Comparative Analysis of Cellular Components in E. coli Reveals Broad Regulatory Changes in Response to Glucose Starvation |
A new approach for the segregation of monaural sound mixtures is presented based on the principle of temporal coherence and using auditory cortical representations . Temporal coherence is the notion that perceived sources emit coherently modulated features that evoke highly-coincident neural response patterns . By clus... | Humans and many animals can effortlessly navigate complex sensory environments , segregating and attending to one desired target source while suppressing distracting and interfering others . In this paper , we present an algorithmic model that can accomplish this task with no prior information or training on complex si... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"auditory",
"cortex",
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"neural",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"noise",
"control",
"audio",
"signal",
"processing",
"signal",
"processing",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"hearing",
"noise",
"reduction",
"artificial",
"neu... | 2014 | Segregating Complex Sound Sources through Temporal Coherence |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a major problem worldwide and causes significant morbidity and mortality . Existing drugs against VL have limitations , including their invasive means of administration long duration of treatment regimens . There are also concerns regarding increasing treatment relapses as well as the i... | Visceral Leishmaniasis remains a serious health problem in many developing countries with thousands of new cases recorded annually . Novel oral therapies are required as existing drugs are limited by their invasive means of administration long duration of treatment regimens . Moreover , with miltefosine as the sole ora... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
"bio... | 2019 | Oral activity of the antimalarial endoperoxide 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadec-4-yl)hexan-1-ol (N-251) against Leishmania donovani complex |
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) is a zoonotic arbovirus affecting livestock and people . This study was conducted in western Kenya where RVFV outbreaks have not previously been reported . The aims were to document the seroprevalence and risk factors for RVFV antibodies in a community-based sample from western Kenya an... | Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) is a zoonotic virus affecting livestock and people . Periodic outbreaks in Kenya are associated with greater than average rainfall , although outbreaks have not previously been reported in western Kenya . The virus is spread between animals and to people by mosquitos . Contact with infe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mamma... | 2017 | The sero-epidemiology of Rift Valley fever in people in the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya |
Podoconiosis , also known as mossy foot or endemic non-filarial elephantiasis , is a preventable form of lower-leg lymphoedema caused by prolonged ( typically barefoot ) exposure to soil derived from volcanic rocks . Acute adenolymphangitis ( also called ‘acute attack’ ) is a serious complication of podoconiosis result... | Podoconiosis is a foot condition , common in the highlands of Ethiopia , caused by exposure to volcanic soil . It can be prevented by wearing shoes and adhering to foot hygiene practices . Podoconiosis causes swelling of the lower legs and is a disabling and stigmatised condition . It is made worse by ‘acute attacks’ ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"legs",
"feet",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"age",
"groups",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ethiopia",
"body",
"limbs"... | 2019 | The impact of acute adenolymphangitis in podoconiosis on caregivers: A case study in Wayu Tuka woreda, Oromia, Western Ethiopia. ‘If she was healthy, I would be free.’ |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) , a member of the Flaviviridae family , is the most recent emerging arbovirus with pandemic potential . During infection , viruses trigger the host cell stress response , leading to changes in RNA translation and the assembly of large aggregates of stalled translation preinitiation complexes , terme... | Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is transmitted to humans primarily through mosquito bites , but there have also been cases of sexual , perinatal , and suspected blood transfusion transmission . It has been associated with fetal malformations and neurological disorders in adults . The rising concern about this pathogen led the Worl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"infographics",
"vero",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cu... | 2017 | Zika virus inhibits eIF2α-dependent stress granule assembly |
Impaired nitric oxide ( NO˙ ) -cyclic guanosine 3' , 5'-monophosphate ( cGMP ) signaling has been observed in many cardiovascular disorders , including heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension . There are several enzymatic determinants of cGMP levels in this pathway , including soluble guanylyl cyclase ( sGC )... | Developing drugs for a well-defined biochemical or molecular pathway has conventionally been approached by optimizing the inhibition ( or activation ) of a single target by a single pharmacologic agent . On occasion , drug combinations have been used that generally target multiple pathways affecting a common phenotype ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"oxides",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"cgmp",
"signaling",
"neuroscience",
"toxicology",
"cell",
"signaling",
"toxicit... | 2016 | Systems Pharmacology and Rational Polypharmacy: Nitric Oxide−Cyclic GMP Signaling Pathway as an Illustrative Example and Derivation of the General Case |
The accuracy of machine learning tasks critically depends on high quality ground truth data . Therefore , in many cases , producing good ground truth data typically involves trained professionals; however , this can be costly in time , effort , and money . Here we explore the use of crowdsourcing to generate a large nu... | Food security is a growing global concern . Farmers , plant breeders , and geneticists are hastening to address the challenges presented to agriculture by climate change , dwindling arable land , and population growth . Scientists in the field of plant phenomics are using satellite and drone images to understand how cr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"signal",
"processing",
"crop",
"genetics",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"research",
"design",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"... | 2018 | Crowdsourcing image analysis for plant phenomics to generate ground truth data for machine learning |
Heritability estimation provides important information about the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variation , and provides an upper bound for the utility of genetic risk prediction models . Recent technological and statistical advances have enabled the estimation of additive heri... | Heritability of a trait refers to the proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation among individuals . It provides important information about the genetic basis of complex traits and indicates whether a phenotype is an appropriate target for more specific statistical and molecular genetic analyse... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"skin",
"neoplasms",
"cognition",
"genome",
"analysis",
"memory",
"... | 2017 | Phenome-wide heritability analysis of the UK Biobank |
Cockayne syndrome ( CS ) is a photosensitive , DNA repair disorder associated with progeria that is caused by a defect in the transcription-coupled repair subpathway of nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) . Here , complete inactivation of NER in Csbm/m/Xpa−/− mutants causes a phenotype that reliably mimics the human pro... | Normal metabolism routinely produces reactive oxygen species that damage DNA and other cellular components and is thought to contribute to the ageing process . Although DNA damage is typically kept in check by a variety of enzymes , several premature ageing disorders result from failure to remove damage from active gen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"geriatrics",
"mammals",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"computational",
"biology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Impaired Genome Maintenance Suppresses the Growth
Hormone–Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis in Mice with Cockayne Syndrome |
Plants produce cytokinin ( CK ) hormones for controlling key developmental processes like source/sink distribution , cell division or programmed cell-death . Some plant pathogens have been shown to produce CKs but the function of this mimicry production by non-tumor inducing pathogens , has yet to be established . Here... | The role of plant-like hormonal compounds produced by fungal pathogens during infection has not been elucidated . Here we identified a conserved gene in most fungi , required for cytokinin production by the rice blast fungus and for its full virulence . Fungal-derived cytokinins are likely potent inhibitors of plant im... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"plant",
"physiology",
"hormones",
"cereal",
"crops",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"hormones",
"crops",
"plant",
"pathology",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"cytoki... | 2016 | Cytokinin Production by the Rice Blast Fungus Is a Pivotal Requirement for Full Virulence |
Regulatory T ( Treg ) cells are known for their role in maintaining self-tolerance and balancing immune reactions in autoimmune diseases and chronic infections . However , regulatory mechanisms can also lead to prolonged survival of pathogens in chronic infections like leprosy and tuberculosis ( TB ) . Despite high hum... | Leprosy is a curable infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae ( M . leprae ) that affects the skin and peripheral nerves . It is manifested in different forms ranging from self-healing , tuberculoid leprosy ( TT ) with low bacillary load and high cellular immunity against M . leprae , to lepromatous leprosy ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | T-Cell Regulation in Lepromatous Leprosy |
TNFα overexpression has been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases , including psoriasis , lichen planus , rheumatoid arthritis , and inflammatory bowel disease . Paradoxically , numerous studies have reported new-onset psoriasis and lichen planus following TNFα antagonist therapy . Here , we show that ... | Psoriasis and lichen planus are chronic , debilitating skin diseases that affect millions of people worldwide . TNFα is a multifunctional cytokine that mediates acute and chronic inflammation . While TNFα antagonist therapy is used for autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases , such as inflammatory bowel disease ( I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"dermatology",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"oste... | 2014 | Tnfa Signaling Through Tnfr2 Protects Skin Against Oxidative Stress–Induced Inflammation |
Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) , a mosquito-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans , is one of the most important viral zoonoses in Africa . The objective of the present study was to develop a geographic knowledge-based method to map the areas suitable for RVF amplification and RVF spread in four East African countrie... | Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a zoonotic disease affecting ruminants and humans . It occurs mostly in Africa , causing human deaths and important economic losses in the livestock sector . The RVF virus ( RVFV ) is transmitted from ruminant to ruminant by mosquitoes . Different climatic , environmental , and socio-econom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
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"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"mammals",
"v... | 2016 | Development and Assessment of a Geographic Knowledge-Based Model for Mapping Suitable Areas for Rift Valley Fever Transmission in Eastern Africa |
F-box proteins share the F-box domain to connect substrates of E3 SCF ubiquitin RING ligases through the adaptor Skp1/A to Cul1/A scaffolds . F-box protein Fbx15 is part of the general stress response of the human pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus . Oxidative stress induces a transient peak of fbx15 expression , re... | The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent cause for severe fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts . A major virulence factor of A . fumigatus is its ability to rapidly adapt to host conditions during infection . The rapid response to environmental changes underlies a well... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"complement",
"system",
"aspergillus",
"fumigatus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
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"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"aspergillus",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"aspergillu... | 2016 | SCF Ubiquitin Ligase F-box Protein Fbx15 Controls Nuclear Co-repressor Localization, Stress Response and Virulence of the Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus |
Covalent linkage to members of the small ubiquitin-like ( SUMO ) family of proteins is an important mechanism by which the functions of many cellular proteins are regulated . Sumoylation has roles in the control of protein stability , activity and localization , and is involved in the regulation of transcription , gene... | Proteins are subject to many types of modification that regulate their functions and which are applied after their initial synthesis in the cell . One such modification is known as sumoylation , the covalent linkage of a small ubiquitin-like protein to a wide variety of substrate proteins . Sumoylation is involved in t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Analysis of the SUMO2 Proteome during HSV-1 Infection |
Among other effects , post-translational modifications ( PTMs ) have been shown to exert their function via the modulation of protein-protein interactions . For twelve different main PTM-types and associated subtypes and across 9 diverse species , we investigated whether particular PTM-types are associated with protein... | The function of proteins is frequently modulated by chemical modifications introduced after translation from RNA . These post-translational modifications ( PTMs ) have been shown to also influence the interaction between proteins carrying them . We tested whether specific PTM-types characterized by attaching different ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Roles of Post-translational Modifications in the Context of Protein Interaction Networks |
Perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns ( MAMPs ) elicits transcriptional reprogramming in hosts and activates defense to pathogen attacks . The molecular mechanisms underlying plant pattern-triggered immunity remain elusive . A genetic screen identified Arabidopsis poly ( ADP-ribose ) glycohydrolase 1 ( at... | Fine-tuning of gene expression is a key feature of successful immune responses . However , the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood . Through a genetic screen in model plant Arabidopsis , we reveal that protein poly ( ADP-ribosyl ) ation ( PARylation ) post-translational modification plays a pivotal role in c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"plant",
"science",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2015 | Protein Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Regulates Arabidopsis Immune Gene Expression and Defense Responses |
The virulence of intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania major ( L . major ) relies largely on their ability to undergo cycles of replication within phagocytes , release , and uptake into new host cells . While all these steps are critical for successful establishment of infection , neither the cellular niche of eff... | Infection with Leishmania parasites can result in chronic disease of several months duration , often accompanied with disfiguring and disabling pathologies . Central to Leishmania virulence is the capability to survive and multiply within professional phagocytes . While it is assumed that the parasites at some point ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
... | 2018 | CD11c-expressing Ly6C+CCR2+ monocytes constitute a reservoir for efficient Leishmania proliferation and cell-to-cell transmission |
Snake bite is a neglected public health problem in communities in rural areas of several countries . Bothrops jararaca causes many snake bites in Brazil and previous studies have demonstrated that the pharmacological activities displayed by its venom undergo a significant ontogenetic shift . Similarly , the venom prote... | Bothrops jararaca is one of the most abundant venomous snake species in Brazil . It is primarily a nocturnal and generalist animal , however , it exhibits a notable ontogenetic shift in diet , feeding mainly on arthropods , lizards , and amphibians ( ectothermic prey ) through its juvenile phase and on small mammals ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Transcriptomic View of the Proteome Variability of Newborn and Adult Bothrops jararaca Snake Venoms |
Cyclic paroxysm and high fever are hallmarks of malaria and are associated with high levels of pyrogenic cytokines , including IL-1β . In this report , we describe a signature for the expression of inflammasome-related genes and caspase-1 activation in malaria . Indeed , when we infected mice , Plasmodium infection was... | Together Plasmodium falciparum and P . vivax infect approximately 250 million individuals , reaping life of near one million children every year . Extensive research on malaria pathogenesis has funneled into the consensus that the clinical manifestations are often a consequence of the systemic inflammation . Importantl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"inflammation",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"monocytes",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2014 | Malaria-Induced NLRP12/NLRP3-Dependent Caspase-1 Activation Mediates Inflammation and Hypersensitivity to Bacterial Superinfection |
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ( EPEC ) disease depends on the transfer of effector proteins into epithelia lining the human small intestine . EPEC E2348/69 has at least 20 effector genes of which six are located with the effector-delivery system genes on the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement ( LEE ) Pathogenicity Isla... | Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ( EPEC ) remain an important cause of infant diarrhoea and death in developing countries . Undoubtedly , a key pathogenic event relates to the bacteria's ability to inhibit the expression of anti-microbial and inflammation-inducing molecules regulated by the NF-κB transcription factor ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"escherichia",
"coli",
"immunomodulation",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"pathogenesis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"immune",
"response",
"signal",
"transduc... | 2011 | The Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Tir Effector Inhibits NF-κB Activity by Targeting TNFα Receptor-Associated Factors |
Even when antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) is started early after infection , HIV DNA might persist in the central nervous system ( CNS ) , possibly contributing to inflammation , brain damage and neurocognitive impairment . Paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) were collected from 16 HIV-infected individuals on s... | Human Immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) enters the central nervous system ( CNS ) early after infection and provides the basis for the development of neurocognitive impairment and potentially the establishment of latent reservoirs . Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy reduces HIV reservoir size in the periphery , b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
... | 2017 | Early Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Lower HIV DNA Molecular Diversity and Lower Inflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Does Not Prevent the Establishment of Compartmentalized HIV DNA Populations |
Whole-exome or gene targeted resequencing in hundreds to thousands of individuals has shown that the majority of genetic variants are at low frequency in human populations . Rare variants are enriched for functional mutations and are expected to explain an important fraction of the genetic etiology of human disease , t... | Recent resequencing of the whole genome or the coding part of the genome ( the exome ) in thousands of individuals has described a large excess of low frequency variants in humans , probably arising as a consequence of recent rapid growth in human population sizes . Most rare variants are private to specific population... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals a Rapid Change in the Frequency of Rare Functional Variants in a Founding Population of Humans |
The influence of the mammalian retinal circadian clock on retinal physiology and function is widely recognized , yet the cellular elements and neural regulation of retinal circadian pacemaking remain unclear due to the challenge of long-term culture of adult mammalian retina and the lack of an ideal experimental measur... | The circadian clock in the mammalian retina regulates many retinal functions , and its output modulates the central circadian clock in the brain . Details about the cellular location and neural regulation of the mammalian retinal circadian clock remain unclear , however , largely due to the difficulty of maintaining lo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | An Autonomous Circadian Clock in the Inner Mouse Retina Regulated by Dopamine and GABA |
A major goal of contemporary studies of embryonic development is to understand large sets of regulatory changes that accompany the phenomenon of embryonic induction . The highly resolved sea urchin pregastrular endomesoderm–gene regulatory network ( EM-GRN ) provides a unique framework to study the global regulatory in... | In recent years , “gene regulatory networks” ( GRNs ) have provided integrated views of gene interactions that control biological processes . One of the earliest networks to be activated in the developing zygotes is the one controlling endomesoderm development . In the sea urchin , this network includes several subnetw... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Gene Regulatory Network Interactions in Sea Urchin Endomesoderm Induction |
A comparative analysis of cavities enclosed in a tertiary structure of proteins and interfaces formed by the interaction of two protein subunits in obligate and non-obligate categories ( represented by homodimeric molecules and heterocomplexes , respectively ) is presented . The total volume of cavities increases with ... | During protein folding a polypeptide chain takes up a three-dimensional structure that is characterized by close packing of atoms . For cellular processes proteins need to interact , and the binding is also characterized by packing of complementary surfaces . Two types of binding can be envisaged—obligate and non-oblig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis"
] | 2008 | Cavities and Atomic Packing in Protein Structures and Interfaces |
African trypanosomes constrain livestock and human health in Sub-Saharan Africa , and aggravate poverty and hunger of these otherwise largely livestock-keeping communities . To solve this , there is need to develop and use effective and cheap tsetse control methods . To this end , we aimed at determining the smallest p... | Poverty , hunger and human ill-health aggravated by trypanosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa can only be reduced by developing and using cheap and effective tsetse control methods . To further reduce the cost of tsetse control by restricting insecticides to the legs , belly and ears ( RAP ) we set out to determine the low... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"research",
"design",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"electrophoretic",
"techniques",
"veterinary",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology",
"mathematical",
"and",
"statistical",
"techniques",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"bio... | 2014 | Improvements on Restricted Insecticide Application Protocol for Control of Human and Animal African Trypanosomiasis in Eastern Uganda |
Intellectual disability ( ID ) , one of the most common human developmental disorders , can be caused by genetic mutations in Cullin 4B ( Cul4B ) and cereblon ( CRBN ) . CRBN is a substrate receptor for the Cul4A/B-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase ( CRL4 ) and can target voltage- and calcium-activated BK channel for ER retention ... | Our study first demonstrates intellectual disability associated proteins , CRBN and BK channel pore-forming α subunit , are targeted by SCFFbxo7 for ubiquitination and proteolysis , which can be further regulated by their binding to DDB1 and the expression of CRL4 complex . We also first find DDB1 or CRBN deletion in m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"calcium-activated",
"potassium",
"channels",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"293t",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"enzymology",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"mice",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"learning",
"... | 2018 | CRL4 antagonizes SCFFbxo7-mediated turnover of cereblon and BK channel to regulate learning and memory |
A longstanding question in molecular biology is the extent to which the behavior of macromolecules observed in vitro accurately reflects their behavior in vivo . A number of sophisticated experimental techniques now allow the behavior of individual types of macromolecule to be studied directly in vivo; none , however ,... | The interior of a typical bacterial cell is a highly crowded place in which molecules must jostle and compete with each other in order to carry out their biological functions . The conditions under which such molecules are typically studied in vitro , however , are usually quite different: one or a few different types ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biophysics/protein",
"folding"
] | 2010 | Diffusion, Crowding & Protein Stability in a Dynamic Molecular Model of the Bacterial Cytoplasm |
The disc-large ( DLG ) –membrane-associated guanylate kinase ( MAGUK ) family of proteins forms a central signaling hub of the glutamate receptor complex . Among this family , some proteins regulate developmental maturation of glutamatergic synapses , a process vulnerable to aberrations , which may lead to neurodevelop... | During development , there are restricted time windows in which the brain’s cortex is reorganized; these changes depend on experience and serve to establish functionality . In immature brains , silent synapses—newly born synapses that are inactivated due to a lack of normal receptor-mediated signaling—are frequent . Re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"nervous",
"system",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"visual",
"acuity",
"vision",
"neurotransmitters",
"eyes",
"animal",
"cells",
"visual",
"cortex",
"head",
"glutamate",
"bi... | 2018 | An opposing function of paralogs in balancing developmental synapse maturation |
Drosophila provides an inexpensive and quantitative platform for measuring whole animal drug response . A complementary approach is virtual screening , where chemical libraries can be efficiently screened against protein target ( s ) . Here , we present a unique discovery platform integrating structure-based modeling w... | Effective and safe treatment of multigenic diseases often involves drugs that address multiple points along disease networks , i . e . , polypharmacology . Polypharmacology is increasingly appreciated as a potentially desirable property of kinase drugs . However , most known drugs that interact with multiple targets ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"chemical",
"bonding",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"gene",
"types",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"enzyme",
"inhibitors",
"droso... | 2019 | Integrated computational and Drosophila cancer model platform captures previously unappreciated chemicals perturbing a kinase network |
The composition and structure of microbial communities associated with mosquitoes remain poorly understood despite their important role in host biology and potential to be harnessed as novel strategies for mosquito-borne disease control . We employed MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons to characterize the b... | Knowledge of the microbial communities associated with disease vectors can be exploited for symbiotic control of vector-borne diseases . Here , we characterized and compared the bacterial communities of field-caught populations of Aedes mcintoshi and Aedes ochraceus , the primary vectors of Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) vi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
... | 2019 | Host species and site of collection shape the microbiota of Rift Valley fever vectors in Kenya |
South America has a complex demographic history shaped by multiple migration and admixture events in pre- and post-colonial times . Settled over 14 , 000 years ago by Native Americans , South America has experienced migrations of European and African individuals , similar to other regions in the Americas . However , th... | South America is home to over 400 million people who share a rich demographic history , including settlement by Native Americans , European colonization , and the African slave trade . We use genomic data to infer which populations from Europe and the Americas contributed to these admixture events . We provide evidence... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America |
Type VI secretion ( T6S ) is a cell-to-cell injection system that can be used as a microbial weapon . T6S kills vulnerable cells , and is present in close to 25% of sequenced Gram-negative bacteria . To examine the ecological role of T6S among bacteria , we competed self-immune T6S+ cells and T6S-sensitive cells in sim... | Type VI secretion ( T6S ) is a cell-to-cell injection system that can be used as a microbial weapon . T6S kills vulnerable cells , and is present in a significant fraction of bacteria . Given the tactical advantage conferred by T6S , the system’s lack of universality suggests limits to its effectiveness relative to its... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Established Microbial Colonies Can Survive Type VI Secretion Assault |
Publication of accurate and detailed descriptions of methods in research articles involving animals is essential for health scientists to accurately interpret published data , evaluate results and replicate findings . Inadequate reporting of key aspects of experimental design may reduce the impact of studies and could ... | There is a growing concern about animal use for scientific purposes . In order to maximize impact of results obtained and avoid unnecessary experiment repetition , certain strategies have been implemented such as publication of guidelines to encourage detailed reporting of animal studies . We contrasted information rep... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Quality of Reporting and Adherence to ARRIVE Guidelines in Animal Studies for Chagas Disease Preclinical Drug Research: A Systematic Review |
β-Catenin , the core element of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway , is a multifunctional and evolutionarily conserved protein which performs essential roles in a variety of developmental and homeostatic processes . Despite its crucial roles , the mechanisms that control its context-specific functions in time and space remain l... | The Wnt signaling pathway is essential for proper intercellular communication in every developmental process since it controls basic cellular events as cell fate or proliferation . The key element of the Wnt signaling is β-catenin , which controls the transcription of multiple genes in the Wnt receiving cell . A main l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"social",
"sciences",
"wnt",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"pigments",
"signal",
"inhibition",
"materials",
"science",
"epigenetics",
"transactivation",
"eyes",
"planaria... | 2017 | A C-terminally truncated form of β-catenin acts as a novel regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in planarians |
Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) -mediated signaling are critical for host defense against pathogen invasion . However , excessive responses would cause harmful damages to the host . Here we show that deficiency of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 increases poly ( I:C ) - and LPS-induced transcription of downstream genes such ... | TLR3/4-mediated signaling needs to be effectively terminated to avoid excessive immune responses and harmful damages to the host . In this study , we provide genetic evidence to show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 negatively regulates TLR3/4-mediated innate immune and inflammatory responses . Trim32-/- mice are mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunoblotting",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcrip... | 2017 | TRIM32-TAX1BP1-dependent selective autophagic degradation of TRIF negatively regulates TLR3/4-mediated innate immune responses |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nearly ubiquitous human pathogen , and infections can be lethal to patients with impaired respiratory and immune systems . Prior studies have established that strong loss-of-function mutations in the egl-9 gene protect the nematode C . elegans from P . aeruginosa PAO1 fast killing . EGL-9 in... | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterial pathogen that can infect a wide range of animals . In some conditions , P . aeruginosa produces cyanide , a toxin that limits cellular capacity to metabolize oxygen and produce energy . The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful genetic model system for understanding ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
... | 2010 | C. elegans SWAN-1 Binds to EGL-9 and Regulates HIF-1-Mediated Resistance to the Bacterial Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 |
Several major human pathogens , including the filoviruses , paramyxoviruses , and rhabdoviruses , package their single-stranded RNA genomes within helical nucleocapsids , which bud through the plasma membrane of the infected cell to release enveloped virions . The virions are often heterogeneous in shape , which makes ... | Marburg virus and Ebola virus cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non human primates . They are members of the family of Filoviridae , and part of the order Mononegavirales , which includes other important human pathogens: rabies virus , respiratory syncytial virus , and measles virus . All of these viruses co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"viral",
"structure",
"viruslike",
"particles",
"protein",
"structure",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"host",
"cells",
"c... | 2011 | Cryo-Electron Tomography of Marburg Virus Particles and Their Morphogenesis within Infected Cells |
The radically distinct morphologies of arthropod and tetrapod legs argue that these appendages do not share a common evolutionary origin . Yet , despite dramatic differences in morphology , it has been known for some time that transcription factors encoded by the Distalless ( Dll ) /Dlx gene family play a critical role... | The development of vertebrate and invertebrate appendages differs in many respects . Yet , despite these differences , genes related to the Distalless ( Dll ) gene of Drosophila ( vertebrate Dlx genes ) are important for the development of appendages in multiple animal phyla . Such findings raise the question of whethe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/embryology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"evolution",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology/molecular",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis"
] | 2010 | Non-Redundant Selector and Growth-Promoting Functions of Two Sister Genes, buttonhead and Sp1, in Drosophila Leg Development |
Human alpha and beta defensins contribute substantially to innate immune defenses against microbial and viral infections . Certain nonhuman primates also produce theta-defensins—18 residue cyclic peptides that act as HIV-1 entry inhibitors . Multiple human theta-defensin genes exist , but they harbor a premature termin... | Defensins are a large family of small antimicrobial peptides that contribute to host defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens . In primates , defensins are divided into three subfamilies—alpha , beta , and theta—on the basis of their disulfide bonding pattern . Theta-defensins were the most recently identified def... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology"
] | 2009 | Reawakening Retrocyclins: Ancestral Human Defensins Active Against HIV-1 |
Recombinant adenoviral ( rAd ) vectors elicit potent cellular and humoral immune responses and show promise as vaccines for HIV-1 , Ebola virus , tuberculosis , malaria , and other infections . These vectors are now widely used and have been generally well tolerated in vaccine and gene therapy clinical trials , with ma... | Recombinant adenovirus ( rAd ) vectors are remarkable for their ability to stimulate potent immune responses and to mediate highly efficient gene transfer . These vectors have been used extensively in human studies with generally acceptable tolerability . As with many bioactive compounds , adenoviruses can also cause p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology"
] | 2007 | Mechanism of Ad5 Vaccine Immunity and Toxicity: Fiber Shaft Targeting of Dendritic Cells |
Understanding complexity in physical , biological , social and information systems is predicated on describing interactions amongst different components . Advances in genomics are facilitating the high-throughput identification of molecular interactions , and graphs are emerging as indispensable tools in explaining how... | The translation of genotype to phenotype is a tightly regulated process that is mediated by specific interactions between a variety of cellular components . Central to this is the transcription of genes , a process regulated by proteins that bind DNA , including the transcription factors ( TFs ) . Gene regulatory netwo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"caenorhabditis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"brassica",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"animal",
"models",
"fungi",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"scale-free",
"net... | 2018 | Topological and statistical analyses of gene regulatory networks reveal unifying yet quantitatively different emergent properties |
The Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) encoded oncoprotein Latent Membrane Protein 1 ( LMP1 ) signals through two C-terminal tail domains to drive cell growth , survival and transformation . The LMP1 membrane-proximal TES1/CTAR1 domain recruits TRAFs to activate MAP kinase , non-canonical and canonical NF-kB pathways , and is ... | The linear ubiquitin assembly complex ( LUBAC ) plays crucial roles in immune receptor-mediated NF-kB and MAP kinase pathway activation . Comparatively little is known about the extent to which microbial pathogens use LUBAC to activate downstream pathways . We demonstrate that TRAF1 enhances EBV oncoprotein LMP1 TES1/C... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | TRAF1 Coordinates Polyubiquitin Signaling to Enhance Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1-Mediated Growth and Survival Pathway Activation |
The proper regulation of apoptosis requires precise spatial and temporal control of gene expression . While the transcriptional and translational activation of pro-apoptotic genes is known to be crucial to triggering apoptosis , how different mechanisms cooperate to drive apoptosis is largely unexplored . Here we repor... | Apoptosis , also referred to as programmed cell death , is a crucial cellular process that eliminates unwanted cells during animal development and tissue homeostasis . Abnormal regulation of apoptosis can cause developmental defects and a variety of other human disorders , including cancer , neurodegenerative diseases ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | The Translational Regulators GCN-1 and ABCF-3 Act Together to Promote Apoptosis in C. elegans |
In Sub-Saharan Africa , infectious diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality . A case-control study was conducted to identify the etiology of diarrhea and to describe its main epidemiologic risk factors among hospitalized children under five years old in Bangui , Central African Republic . All consecutive ch... | Infectious diarrhea is a major cause of illness and death among children under five years from low-income country . In order to identify infectious agents associated with diarrhea , we conducted a case-control study in the Pediatric Complex of Bangui , the sole public pediatric hospital from Central African Republic ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Etiology and Epidemiology of Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children from Low Income Country: A Matched Case-Control Study in Central African Republic |
Recently we identified multiple suramin-sensitivity genes with a genome wide screen in Trypanosoma brucei that includes the invariant surface glycoprotein ISG75 , the adaptin-1 ( AP-1 ) complex and two deubiquitylating enzymes ( DUBs ) orthologous to ScUbp15/HsHAUSP1 and pVHL-interacting DUB1 ( type I ) , designated Tb... | The mechanisms by which pathogens interact with their environment are of major importance , both for fulfilling the basic needs of the parasite and understanding immune evasion . For African trypanosomes , the surface is dominated by the variant surface glycoprotein ( VSG ) , but recent data has demonstrated an importa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Modulation of the Surface Proteome through Multiple Ubiquitylation Pathways in African Trypanosomes |
Autophagy is a cellular process that is highly conserved among eukaryotes and permits the degradation of cellular material . Autophagy is involved in multiple survival-promoting processes . It not only facilitates the maintenance of cell homeostasis by degrading long-lived proteins and damaged organelles , but it also ... | Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells , while coping with their changing environmental conditions . Mechanistically , it is also a process of considerable complexity involving multiple protein factors and implying numerous protein-protein and protein-membrane ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"protozoology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Autophagy Protein Atg3 is Essential for Maintaining Mitochondrial Integrity and for Normal Intracellular Development of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites |
The behavioral effects of psychomotor stimulants such as amphetamine ( AMPH ) arise from their ability to elicit increases in extracellular dopamine ( DA ) . These AMPH-induced increases are achieved by DA transporter ( DAT ) -mediated transmitter efflux . Recently , we have shown that AMPH self-administration is reduc... | Abuse of psychostimulants such as amphetamine remains a serious public health concern . Amphetamines mediate their behavioral effects by stimulating dopaminergic signaling throughout reward circuits of the brain . This property of amphetamine relies on its actions at the dopamine transporter ( DAT ) , a presynaptic pla... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders",
"physiology",
"radiology",
"and",
"medical",
"imaging",
"neuroscience"
] | 2007 | Hypoinsulinemia Regulates Amphetamine-Induced Reverse Transport of Dopamine |
Organisms respond to environmental changes by adapting the expression of key genes . However , such transcriptional reprogramming requires time and energy , and may also leave the organism ill-adapted when the original environment returns . Here , we study the dynamics of transcriptional reprogramming and fitness in th... | When microbes grow in a mixture of different nutrients , they repress the metabolism of nonpreferred nutrients such as complex carbohydrates until preferred nutrients , like glucose , are depleted . While this “catabolite repression” allows cells to use the most efficient nutrients first , it also comes at a cost becau... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"model",
"organisms",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"... | 2014 | Different Levels of Catabolite Repression Optimize Growth in Stable and Variable Environments |
Optimal decision-making is based on integrating information from several dimensions of decisional space ( e . g . , reward expectation , cost estimation , effort exertion ) . Despite considerable empirical and theoretical efforts , the computational and neural bases of such multidimensional integration have remained la... | A major challenge for all organisms is selecting optimal behaviour to obtain resources while minimizing energetic and other expenses . Evolution provided mammals with exceptional decision-making capabilities to face this challenge . Even though neuroscientists have identified a heterogeneous and distributed set of brai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"decision",
"making",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"hormones",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"cognit... | 2018 | Dorsal anterior cingulate-brainstem ensemble as a reinforcement meta-learner |
Influenza A virus usurps host signaling factors to regulate its replication . One example is mTOR , a cellular regulator of protein synthesis , growth and motility . While the role of mTORC1 in viral infection has been studied , the mechanisms that induce mTORC1 activation and the substrates regulated by mTORC1 during ... | Drug-resistant influenza viruses commonly arise due to frequent genetic changes and current antiviral drugs are not highly efficient . These underscore the need for new antiviral therapies effective against influenza viruses . Understanding how influenza virus uses cellular proteins for infection can potentially identi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"signaling",
"networks",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"viruses",
"protein",
"expression",
... | 2017 | Influenza virus differentially activates mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling to maximize late stage replication |
Noise in the expression of a gene produces fluctuations in the concentration of the gene product . These fluctuations can interfere with optimal function or can be exploited to generate beneficial diversity between cells; gene expression noise is therefore expected to be subject to evolutionary pressure . Shifts betwee... | Noise in gene expression is important for phenotypic variation among genetically identical cells . The gene expression will be particularly sensitive to noise in transcription initiation . Transcription initiation from a given promoter involves multiple steps , each of which could be rate limiting . In this paper we di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"biophysics/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation"
] | 2008 | The Generation of Promoter-Mediated Transcriptional Noise in Bacteria |
Bacterial whole genome sequencing offers the prospect of rapid and high precision investigation of infectious disease outbreaks . Close genetic relationships between microorganisms isolated from different infected cases suggest transmission is a strong possibility , whereas transmission between cases with genetically d... | Traditionally , outbreaks of infectious diseases are investigated by considering contact between cases and their exposure to possible sources of infection . This can be enhanced by using the genetic fingerprint of bacteria to rule out transmission between cases infected with unrelated strains . However , in some cases ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control"
] | 2013 | Detection of Mixed Infection from Bacterial Whole Genome Sequence Data Allows Assessment of Its Role in Clostridium difficile Transmission |
Honeybees , Apis mellifera , show age-related division of labor in which young adults perform maintenance ( “housekeeping” ) tasks inside the colony before switching to outside foraging at approximately 23 days old . Disease resistance is an important feature of honeybee biology , but little is known about the interact... | Honeybees have a highly developed form of social biology in which tasks are distributed among workers according to their age , with younger bees performing housekeeping tasks ( “house bees” ) before switching to foraging duties when they grow older . This division of labor is vital to colony function and survival . Pat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"agroecology",
"ecology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"zoology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"agriculture"
] | 2012 | A Strong Immune Response in Young Adult Honeybees Masks Their Increased Susceptibility to Infection Compared to Older Bees |
Mechanisms involved in severe P . vivax malaria remain unclear . Parasite polymorphisms , parasite load and host cytokine profile may influence the course of infection . In this study , we investigated the influence of circumsporozoite protein ( CSP ) polymorphisms on parasite load and cytokine profile in patients with... | Recent evidences have associated P . vivax infections with clinical complications , previously only attributed to P . falciparum malaria . The interaction between host and parasite may contribute to severity of the disease , however , the specific contribution of each factor remains unclear . Previous studies have show... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"parasite",
"replication",
"plasmodium",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"d... | 2016 | Polymorphisms in Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein (CSP) Influence Parasite Burden and Cytokine Balance in a Pre-Amazon Endemic Area from Brazil |
We seek to elucidate the role of macromolecular crowding in transcription and translation . It is well known that stochasticity in gene expression can lead to differential gene expression and heterogeneity in a cell population . Recent experimental observations by Tan et al . have improved our understanding of the func... | The cellular nucleus is packed with macromolecules such as DNAs and proteins , which leaves limited space for other molecules to move around . Recent experimental results by C . Tan et al . have shown that macromolecular crowding can regulate gene expression , resulting in a more homogenous cell population . We introdu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"signal",
"processing",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"noise",
"reduction",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"transcription",
"factors",
"epigenetics",
"c... | 2016 | Macromolecular Crowding Regulates the Gene Expression Profile by Limiting Diffusion |
In the last decades , several European countries where arboviral infections are not endemic have faced outbreaks of diseases such as chikungunya and dengue , initially introduced by infectious travellers from tropical endemic areas and then spread locally via mosquito bites . To keep in check the epidemiological risk ,... | Larvicides are a key tool to prevent the growth of mosquito populations and decrease both the risks of outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases and the nuisance deriving from bites . In order to assist municipalities from temperate areas in Europe in effectively planning vector control programs , we modelled the effect of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"larvicides",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"economic",
"analysis",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"g... | 2017 | Effectiveness and economic assessment of routine larviciding for prevention of chikungunya and dengue in temperate urban settings in Europe |
Argasid ticks ( soft ticks ) are blood-feeding arthropods that can parasitize rodents , birds , humans , livestock and companion animals . Ticks of the Ornithodoros genus are known to be vectors of relapsing fever borreliosis in humans . In Algeria , little is known about relapsing fever borreliosis and other bacterial... | Argasid ticks ( soft ticks ) are obligate blood-feeding arthropods that may bite humans . To increase understanding of the bacteria that are associated with these arthropods , we collected soft ticks from different sites in Algeria and used molecular tools to detect and identify bacteria in these ticks . Molecular tool... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"invertebrates",
"borrelia",
"infection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ixodes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"relapsing",
"fever",
"bacteria... | 2017 | Detection of relapsing fever Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp. and Anaplasmataceae bacteria in argasid ticks in Algeria |
Understanding the heterogeneous nature of dengue transmission is important for prioritizing and guiding the implementation of prevention strategies . However , passive surveillance data in endemic countries are rarely adequately informative . We analyzed data from a cluster-sample , cross-sectional seroprevalence study... | Understanding the geographic distribution of dengue transmission intensity is of key importance for guiding dengue prevention strategies , including vaccination . We analyzed age-stratified data from a cross-sectional survey of 30 randomly selected urban sub-districts in Indonesia and estimated the force of infection (... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"urban",
"geography",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"indonesia",
"pediatrics",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"pediatric",
"infecti... | 2018 | Geographic variation in dengue seroprevalence and force of infection in the urban paediatric population of Indonesia |
Nontyphoidal Salmonellae commonly cause invasive disease in African children that is often fatal . The clinical diagnosis of these infections is hampered by the absence of a clear clinical syndrome . Drug resistance means that empirical antibiotic therapy is often ineffective and currently no vaccine is available . The... | Nontyphoidal Salmonellae are a major , yet often neglected , cause of fatal invasive disease among young African children , responsible for over 100 , 000 deaths a year . There is currently a lack of prospective studies to understand the clinical presentation and course of this disease . Diagnosis can be confusing , an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"pulmonology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses... | 2017 | Presentation of life-threatening invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Malawian children: A prospective observational study |
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