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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The cysteine protease caspase-7 has an established role in the execution of apoptotic cell death , but recent findings also suggest involvement of caspase-7 during the host response to microbial infection . Caspase-7 can be cleaved by the inflammatory caspase , caspase-1 , and has been implicated in processing and acti... | Macrophages are critical early responders recruited to sites of bacterial infection . Many intracellular bacterial pathogens subvert or bypass macrophage anti-microbial defenses by expression of virulence factors and toxins . The Gram-positive intracellular pathogen , Listeria monocytogenes , secretes a pore-forming to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Membrane Damage during Listeria monocytogenes Infection Triggers a Caspase-7 Dependent Cytoprotective Response |
Nested effects models have been used successfully for learning subcellular networks from high-dimensional perturbation effects that result from RNA interference ( RNAi ) experiments . Here , we further develop the basic nested effects model using high-content single-cell imaging data from RNAi screens of cultured cells... | Experiments monitoring individual cells show that cells can behave differently even under same experimental conditions . Summarizing measurements over a population of cells can lead to weak and widely deviating signals , and subsequently applied modeling approaches , like network inference , will suffer from this infor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Models"
] | [] | 2015 | NEMix: Single-cell Nested Effects Models for Probabilistic Pathway Stimulation |
Stochastic chemical reaction networks constitute a model class to quantitatively describe dynamics and cell-to-cell variability in biological systems . The topology of these networks typically is only partially characterized due to experimental limitations . Current approaches for refining network topology are based on... | Virtually all biological processes are driven by biochemical reactions . However , their quantitative description in terms of stochastic chemical reaction networks is often precluded by the computational difficulty of structure learning , i . e . the identification of biologically active reaction networks among the com... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"cell",
"death",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"cell",
"processes",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"systems",
"science",
"network",
"analysis",
"reaction",
"dynamics",
"phy... | 2016 | Sparse Regression Based Structure Learning of Stochastic Reaction Networks from Single Cell Snapshot Time Series |
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection induces an atypical CD8 T cell response , termed inflationary , that is characterised by accumulation and maintenance of high numbers of effector memory like cells in circulation and peripheral tissues—a feature being successfully harnessed for vaccine purposes . Although stability of ... | A majority of the human population is infected with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) , which results in lifelong persistence due to viral latency . CMV induces remarkably strong and sustained effector memory-like CD8 T cell responses in circulation and peripheral tissues , also referred to as memory CD8 T cell "inflation" . In ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"lungs",
"developmental",
"biology",
"respiratory",
"system",
"molecular",
"developme... | 2018 | Tissue maintenance of CMV-specific inflationary memory T cells by IL-15 |
Safely burying Ebola infected individuals is acknowledged to be important for controlling Ebola epidemics and was a major component of the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola response . Yet , in order to understand the impact of safe burial programs it is necessary to elucidate the role of unsafe burials in sustaining chains o... | The care of an individual infected with Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) , their death , funeral , and burial in the community rather than in an Ebola Treatment Center ( ETC ) poses a serious risk for continued disease transmission . Consequently , SDB is an essential component of EVD outbreak response; however , its impact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"guinea",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"africa",
... | 2017 | Estimating the number of secondary Ebola cases resulting from an unsafe burial and risk factors for transmission during the West Africa Ebola epidemic |
Many research questions in visual perception involve determining whether stimulus properties are represented and processed independently . In visual neuroscience , there is great interest in determining whether important object dimensions are represented independently in the brain . For example , theories of face recog... | A common question in vision research is whether certain stimulus properties , like face identity and expression , are represented and processed independently . We develop a theoretical framework that allowed us , for the first time , to link behavioral and brain measures of independence . Unlike previous approaches , o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"face",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"algebra",
"brain",
"mappi... | 2018 | Linking signal detection theory and encoding models to reveal independent neural representations from neuroimaging data |
The modification of DNA by methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that affects the spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression . Methylation patterns have been described in many contexts within and across a range of species . However , the extent to which changes in methylation might underlie inter-spe... | It has long been hypothesized that changes in gene regulation have played an important role in primate evolution . However , despite the wealth of comparative gene expression data , there are still only few studies that focus on the mechanisms underlying inter-primate differences in gene regulation . In particular , we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2011 | A Genome-Wide Study of DNA Methylation Patterns and Gene Expression Levels in Multiple Human and Chimpanzee Tissues |
The repression of competition by mechanisms of policing is now recognized as a major force in the maintenance of cooperation . General models on the evolution of policing have focused on the interplay between individual competitiveness and mutual policing , demonstrating a positive relationship between within-group div... | Mutual policing constitutes an important mechanism for the emergence and maintenance of cooperation through the repression of intra-group competition among a population of self-interested individuals . Existing models of mutual policing have been highly abstract and distant from the properties of real biological system... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"coevolution",
"population",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"processes"
] | 2013 | The Evolution of Collective Restraint: Policing and Obedience among Non-conjugative Plasmids |
Mathematical modelling has proven an important tool in elucidating and quantifying mechanisms that govern the age structure and population dynamics of red blood cells ( RBCs ) . Here we synthesise ideas from previous experimental data and the mathematical modelling literature with new data in order to test hypotheses a... | Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow and released into the blood stream . Their population is kept at equilibrium by complex negative feedback mechanisms . Genetic diseases , pathogens such as malaria , and extreme environmental changes can alter this equilibrium , either directly by prematurely killing red bloo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics/statistics",
"hematology/hematopoiesis",
"hematology/anemias",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Quantitative Analysis of Mechanisms That Govern Red Blood Cell Age Structure and Dynamics during Anaemia |
We studied the global relationship between gene expression and neuroanatomical connectivity in the adult rodent brain . We utilized a large data set of the rat brain “connectome” from the Brain Architecture Management System ( 942 brain regions and over 5000 connections ) and used statistical approaches to relate the d... | We tested the idea that the “wiring diagram” of the adult brain has a relationship with where genes are expressed . We were inspired by similar work carried out by groups examining the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans . By using large-scale databases of brain connectivity and gene expression in rodents , we found t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2011 | Relationships between Gene Expression and Brain Wiring in the Adult Rodent Brain |
Gene targeting of mouse Sushi-ichi-related retrotransposon homologue 11/Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing 16 ( Sirh11/Zcchc16 ) causes abnormal behaviors related to cognition , including attention , impulsivity and working memory . Sirh11/Zcchc16 encodes a CCHC type of zinc-finger protein that exhibits high homology t... | Retrotransposon-derived DNA sequences occupy approximately 40% of the mammalian genome , compared with only 1 . 5% of protein coding genes . They have been commonly considered “junk DNA” and even potentially harmful for host organisms . However , a series of knockout ( KO ) mouse analyses demonstrated that at least som... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Cognitive Function Related to the Sirh11/Zcchc16 Gene Acquired from an LTR Retrotransposon in Eutherians |
Kinetic models of metabolism require detailed knowledge of kinetic parameters . However , due to measurement errors or lack of data this knowledge is often uncertain . The model of glycolysis in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei is a particularly well analysed example of a quantitative metabolic model , but so... | An increasing number of mathematical models are being built and analysed in order to obtain a better understanding of specific biological systems . These quantitative models contain parameters that need to be measured or estimated . Because of experimental errors or lack of data , our knowledge about these parameters i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"metabolism"
] | 2012 | Dynamic Modelling under Uncertainty: The Case of Trypanosoma brucei Energy Metabolism |
Genetic variants underlying reduced male reproductive performance have been identified in humans and model organisms , most of them compromising semen quality . Occasionally , male fertility is severely compromised although semen analysis remains without any apparent pathological findings ( i . e . , idiopathic subfert... | Impaired male fertility is a prevalent condition in many species and is often explained by aberrant semen quality . In some cases , male fertility is severely compromised although semen quality is without any apparent pathological findings ( i . e . , idiopathic male subfertility ) . The genetic mechanisms underlying i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"animal",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"animal",
"breeding",
"gene",
"function",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"veterinary",
"diagnostics",
"trait",
"locus",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"genetics",
... | 2014 | A Nonsense Mutation in TMEM95 Encoding a Nondescript Transmembrane Protein Causes Idiopathic Male Subfertility in Cattle |
The cellular concentration of Bcl-xL is among the most important determinants of treatment response and overall prognosis in a broad range of tumors as well as an important determinant of the cellular response to several forms of tissue injury . We and others have previously shown that human Bcl-xL undergoes deamidatio... | Cellular levels of the pro-survival protein Bcl-xL are an important determinant of cellular susceptibility to many death stimuli , including most cancer therapies . We previously showed that human Bcl-xL undergoes deamidation – the conversion of two neutral asparaginyl side-chains into negatively charged aspartyl side-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Control of Cellular Bcl-xL Levels by Deamidation-Regulated Degradation |
Herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) and HSV-2 are highly prevalent viruses that cause a variety of diseases , from cold sores to encephalitis . Both viruses establish latency in peripheral neurons but the molecular mechanisms facilitating the infection of neurons are not fully understood . Using surface plasmon reson... | Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 ( HSV-1 and HSV-2 , respectively ) establish latency in peripheral sensory ganglia , where they remain for the lifetime of the infected individual . Understanding the mechanisms that allow these viruses to colonize the nervous system will permit devising antiviral strategies . We show ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Secreted Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Glycoprotein G Modifies NGF-TrkA Signaling to Attract Free Nerve Endings to the Site of Infection |
We report a study of genome-wide , dense SNP ( ∼900K ) and copy number polymorphism data of indigenous southern Africans . We demonstrate the genetic contribution to southern and eastern African populations , which involved admixture between indigenous San , Niger-Congo-speaking and populations of Eurasian ancestry . T... | Genome-wide analysis of human populations is useful in shedding light on the evolutionary history of the human genome , with a wide range of applications from reconstructing past associations between different population histories to disease mapping . In this manuscript we report on the application of genome-wide data ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Genomic Portrait of Haplotype Diversity and Signatures of Selection in Indigenous Southern African Populations |
The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a correlation between phylogenetic relationship and inflammatory response amongst a panel of clinical isolates representative of the global diversity of the human Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex ( MTBC ) . Measurement of cytokines from infected human per... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a long-standing human pathogen spread by aerosol transmission between individuals interacting in close social groups . It can be anticipated that the evolution of M . tuberculosis will parallel the evolution of human societies , and the phylogeny as determined by whole genome sequencing of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2011 | Human Macrophage Responses to Clinical Isolates from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Discriminate between Ancient and Modern Lineages |
Mutations conferring resistance to antibiotics are typically costly in the absence of the drug , but bacteria can reduce this cost by acquiring compensatory mutations . Thus , the rate of acquisition of compensatory mutations and their effects are key for the maintenance and dissemination of antibiotic resistances . Wh... | Antibiotics target essential cellular functions , such as translation or cell wall biogenesis , and bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by acquiring mutations in genes encoding those functions . This causes most drug-resistance mutations to be detrimental in the absence of the drug . However , bacteria can red... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"antimicrobials",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"epistasis",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"mutation",
"streptomycin",
"antibiotics",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"... | 2017 | Multidrug-resistant bacteria compensate for the epistasis between resistances |
Two-component signaling systems ( TCS ) regulate bacterial responses to environmental signals through the process of protein phosphorylation . Specifically , sensor histidine kinases ( SK ) recognize signals and propagate the response via phosphorylation of a cognate response regulator ( RR ) that functions to initiate... | Sensing and responding to the environment are critical for bacterial survival and adaptation . Many bacteria sense environmental signals through biological machinery referred to as two-component signaling systems . These signaling systems are composed of a sensor histidine kinase and a cognate response regulator and se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"oxygen",
"pathogens",
"mutation",
"regulator",
"genes",
"gene",
"types",
"genomic",
"signal",
"processing",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"pathogen"... | 2018 | Suppressor mutations reveal an NtrC-like response regulator, NmpR, for modulation of Type-IV Pili-dependent motility in Myxococcus xanthus |
The visual world is complex and continuously changing . Yet , our brain transforms patterns of light falling on our retina into a coherent percept within a few hundred milliseconds . Possibly , low-level neural responses already carry substantial information to facilitate rapid characterization of the visual input . He... | Humans excel in rapid and accurate processing of visual scenes . However , it is unclear which computations allow the visual system to convert light hitting the retina into a coherent representation of visual input in a rapid and efficient way . Here we used simple , computer-generated image categories with similar low... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"visual",
"system",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"cognition",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"psychophysics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"sensory",
"perception",
"neuroimaging",
"coding",
"mecha... | 2012 | Spatially Pooled Contrast Responses Predict Neural and Perceptual Similarity of Naturalistic Image Categories |
Patients with clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis , including cutaneous leishmaniasis , have limited treatment options , and existing therapies frequently have significant untoward liabilities . Rapid expansion in the diversity of available cutaneous leishmanicidal chemotypes is the initial step in finding alterna... | Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with cutaneous , mucocutaneous and visceral clinical manifestations , depending on the Leishmania spp . and human host . Globally , there are 350 million people at risk of leishmaniasis , but current treatment options rely predominantly on ancient pentavalent antimonials , which hav... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"chemical",
"biology/small",
"molecule",
"chemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pharmacology/drug",
"development",
"pharmacology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"computational",
"biology",
"chemical",
"biology",
"infectious",... | 2009 | Identification of Potent Chemotypes Targeting Leishmania major Using a High-Throughput, Low-Stringency, Computationally Enhanced, Small Molecule Screen |
Guanine ( G ) -rich DNA readily forms four-stranded quadruplexes in vitro , but evidence for their participation in genome regulation is limited . We have identified a quadruplex-binding protein , Lia3 , that controls the boundaries of germline-limited , internal eliminated sequences ( IESs ) of Tetrahymena thermophila... | Non-canonical DNA structures , including four-stranded Guanine quadruplexes ( G4 DNA ) , have been observed readily in vitro , but their regulatory importance within cells has been particularly challenging to demonstrate conclusively . We have discovered a G4 DNA binding protein , Lia3 , that specifically regulates pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"organisms",
"telomeres",
"protozoans",
"materials",
"science",
"dna",
"dna",
"structure",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cilia... | 2016 | A Parallel G Quadruplex-Binding Protein Regulates the Boundaries of DNA Elimination Events of Tetrahymena thermophila |
Fungal septicemia is an increasingly common complication of immunocompromised patients worldwide . Candida species are the leading cause of invasive mycoses with Candida glabrata being the second most frequently isolated Candida species from Intensive Care Unit patients . Despite its clinical importance , very little i... | Hospital-acquired fungal infections pose a colossal health and economic challenge . Candida species are the leading cause of disseminated fungal infections and rank fourth among the most common nosocomial pathogens . C . glabrata , an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen , is the second most frequently isolated Candi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"functional",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"gene",
"function",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"developm... | 2012 | Functional Genomic Analysis of Candida glabrata-Macrophage Interaction: Role of Chromatin Remodeling in Virulence |
The regulatory architecture of breast cancer is extraordinarily complex and gene misregulation can occur at many levels , with transcriptional malfunction being a major cause . This dysfunctional process typically involves additional regulatory modulators including DNA methylation . Thus , the interplay between transcr... | DNA methylation is a ubiquitous and simple covalent modification that occurs directly on genetic material whereby a simple methyl group ( CH3 ) is attached to Cytosine nucleotides in the context of CpG sites . Modifications of these sites have been postulated to function in gene regulation , potentially via interaction... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Regulators Associated with Clinical Outcomes Revealed by DNA Methylation Data in Breast Cancer |
In this work we present a method for the differential analysis of gene co-expression networks and apply this method to look for large-scale transcriptional changes in aging . We derived synonymous gene co-expression networks from AGEMAP expression data for 16-month-old and 24-month-old mice . We identified a number of ... | There is mounting evidence that mammalian aging is marked by increased gene transcriptional variation . This trend was shown not only by studying gene expression in single cells ( Bahar et al . 2006 ) , but at the coarse tissue resolution as well ( Somel et al . 2006; Li et al . 2009 ) . These led us to believe that lo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Aging Mice Show a Decreasing Correlation of Gene Expression within Genetic Modules |
A skeletal muscle fiber that is stimulated to contract and then stretched from L1 to L2 produces more force after the initial transient decays than if it is stimulated at L2 . This behavior has been well studied experimentally , and is known as residual force enhancement . The underlying mechanism remains controversial... | Textbooks often state that the force produced by a contracting muscle depends on its length . Nearly 60 years ago , it was discovered that this length-tension relationship is violated if the muscle is stretched to a given length while contracting , in which case the muscle produces more force than if it was stretched t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics",
"biomechanics"
] | 2011 | A Mathematical Model of Muscle Containing Heterogeneous Half-Sarcomeres Exhibits Residual Force Enhancement |
Inter-cellular communication with stromal cells is vital for cancer cells . Molecules involved in the communication are potential drug targets . To identify them systematically , we applied a systems level analysis that combined reverse network engineering with causal effect estimation . Using only observational transc... | All living cells rely on communication with other cells to ensure their function and survival . Molecular signals are sent among cells of the same cell type and from cells of one cell type to another . In cancer , not only the cancer cells themselves are responsible for the malignancy , but also stromal ( non-cancerous... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Causal Modeling of Cancer-Stromal Communication Identifies PAPPA as a Novel Stroma-Secreted Factor Activating NFκB Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
Monozygotic ( MZ ) twins do not show complete concordance for many complex diseases; for example , discordance rates for autoimmune diseases are 20%–80% . MZ discordance indicates a role for epigenetic or environmental factors in disease . We used MZ twins discordant for psoriasis to search for genome-wide differences ... | Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease , which affects mainly the skin , but also the joints . It is considered a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease . Autoimmune diseases are in general due to a dysregulation of the immune system , and identification of genes involved in alterations of lymphocyte function i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"dermatology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"cellular",
"types",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2012 | DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Changes in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Psoriasis: Identification of Epigenetically Dysregulated Genes |
Upon infection , many RNA viruses reorganize their capsid for release of the genome into the host cell cytosol for replication . Often , this process is triggered by receptor binding and/or by the acidic environment in endosomes . In the genus Enterovirus , which includes more than 150 human rhinovirus ( HRV ) serotype... | Viral infection requires safe transfer of the viral genome from within the protective protein shell into the host cell's cytosol . For many viruses this happens after uptake into endosomes , where receptor-binding and/or the acidic pH trigger conformational modifications or disassembly of the shell , allowing the nucle... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"pulmonology",
"protein",
"structure",
"rhinovirus",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"rna",
"structure",
"proteins",
"enterovirus",
"infection",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"biochem... | 2013 | Viral Uncoating Is Directional: Exit of the Genomic RNA in a Common Cold Virus Starts with the Poly-(A) Tail at the 3′-End |
Trypanosoma evansi is mechanically transmitted by biting flies and affects camels , equines , and other domestic and wild animals in which it causes a disease called surra . At least two types of Trypanosoma evansi circulate in Ethiopia: type A , which is present in Africa , Latin America and Asia , and type B , which ... | Surra is a vector borne disease in camels , horses , water buffaloes , cattle and other domestic animals caused by Trypanosoma ( T . ) evansi . This protozoan parasite is transmitted by biting flies such as tabanids and stable flies and is endemic in many countries in Northern and Eastern Africa , Latin America and Asi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"mammals",
"animals",
"protozoans",
"pharmaceutics",
"ethiopia",
"cellular",
"structures",
"... | 2018 | Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B |
The hair follicle system represents a tractable model for the study of stem cell behaviour in regenerative adult epithelial tissue . However , although there are numerous spatial scales of observation ( molecular , cellular , follicle and multi follicle ) , it is not yet clear what mechanisms underpin the follicle grow... | Although the molecular interactions that regulate the follicle growth cycle have begun to be uncovered , the fundamental interactions that regulate periodicity remain elusive . In this study we develop a model in which we neglect biophysical effects ( and hence morphological changes ) by treating each follicle as a fun... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"mathematics",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"nonlinear",
"dynamics"
] | 2012 | Modelling Hair Follicle Growth Dynamics as an Excitable Medium |
In 404 Lepob/ob F2 progeny of a C57BL/6J ( B6 ) x DBA/2J ( DBA ) intercross , we mapped a DBA-related quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) to distal Chr1 at 169 . 6 Mb , centered about D1Mit110 , for diabetes-related phenotypes that included blood glucose , HbA1c , and pancreatic islet histology . The interval was refined ... | Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) accounts for over 90% of instances of diabetes and is a leading cause of medical morbidity and mortality . Twin studies indicate a strong polygenic contribution to susceptibility within the context of obesity . Although approximately ten genes making important contributions to individual risk ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology/endocrinology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/type",
"2",
"diabetes"
] | 2008 | Positional Cloning of “Lisch-like”, a Candidate Modifier of Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in Mice |
Aerobic organisms have a tricarboxylic acid ( TCA ) cycle that is functionally distinct from those found in anaerobic organisms . Previous reports indicate that the aerobic pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis lacks detectable α-ketoglutarate ( KG ) dehydrogenase activity and drives a variant TCA cycle in which succinyl... | Knowledge of the basic biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential to identifying novel ways to combat the emerging threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis . Since the tricarboxylic acid ( TCA ) cycle is a cornerstone of metabolism and M . tuberculosis does not possess a “typical” TCA cycle enzyme set , much effor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism"
] | 2009 | An Anaerobic-Type α-Ketoglutarate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase Completes the Oxidative Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
It is believed that schistosomes evade complement-mediated killing by expressing regulatory proteins on their surface . Recently , six homologues of human CD59 , an important inhibitor of the complement system membrane attack complex , were identified in the schistosome genome . Therefore , it is important to investiga... | Schistosomes are parasites that reside for many years in the blood stream , demanding efficient mechanisms of evading immune response effectors such as complement deposition . A group of genes similar to human CD59 , an important complement inhibitor in mammals , were identified in the schistosome genome . Computer pre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | On the Three-Finger Protein Domain Fold and CD59-Like Proteins in Schistosoma mansoni |
The proapoptotic PB1-F2 protein of influenza A viruses has been shown to contribute to pathogenesis in the mouse model . Expression of full-length PB1-F2 increases the pathogenesis of the influenza A virus , causing weight loss , slower viral clearance , and increased viral titers in the lungs . After comparing viruses... | PB1-F2 is the most recently discovered protein produced by the influenza A virus . It has been previously shown that PB1-F2 is present in the mitochondria , where it induces cell death; our laboratory has demonstrated that PB1-F2 is a contributor to pathogenesis in the mouse model of infection . To study PB1-F2 further... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"none",
"virology",
"in",
"vitro"
] | 2007 | A Single Mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK/97) and 1918 Influenza A Viruses Contributes to Increased Virulence |
In the oocytes of many animals including humans , the meiotic spindle assembles without centrosomes . It is still unclear how multiple pathways contribute to spindle microtubule assembly , and whether they are regulated differently in mitosis and meiosis . Augmin is a γ-tubulin recruiting complex which “amplifies” spin... | Although centrosomes are the main sites of microtubule assembly in mitotic cells , the meiotic spindle assembles without centrosomes in the oocytes of many animals including humans . It has also been shown that bipolar spindles can be assembled in mitotic cells even when functional centrosomes are artificially eliminat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"mitosis",
"meiosis",
"cellular",
"structures",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"division",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cytoskeleton"
] | 2013 | Meiosis-Specific Stable Binding of Augmin to Acentrosomal Spindle Poles Promotes Biased Microtubule Assembly in Oocytes |
Multiple mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel have been associated with knockdown resistance ( kdr ) to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides in a major human disease vector Aedes aegypti . One mutation , V1016G , confers sodium channel resistance to pyrethroids , but a different substitution in the same position V1... | Intensive use of pyrethroids has led to the selection of resistance in mosquitoes , and knockdown resistance ( kdr ) is one of the major mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance . So far , eleven kdr mutations were identified to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti . Among the mutations , the V1016I and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"depolarization",
"membrane",
"potential",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"xenopus",
"animal",
"models",
"mutation",
"ion",
"channels",
"ddt",
"model",
"organisms",
"amphibians",
"ex... | 2019 | Molecular evidence of sequential evolution of DDT- and pyrethroid-resistant sodium channel in Aedes aegypti |
Cytosine methylation of DNA is an important epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in plants , fungi , and animals . In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa , nearly all known DNA methylations occur in transposon relics and repetitive sequences , and DNA methylation does not depend on the canonical RNAi pathway . disi... | DNA methylation in eukayrotes refers to the modification of cytidines at 5th position with methyl group ( 5mC ) . Though absent in some species , DNA methylation is conserved across fungi , plants and animals and plays a critical role in X chromosome inactivation , genomic imprinting , transposon silencing etc . In add... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Convergent Transcription Induces Dynamic DNA Methylation at disiRNA Loci |
The relationship between malaria and undernutrition is controversial and complex . Synergistic associations between malnutrition and malaria morbidity and mortality have been suggested , as well as undernutrition being protective against infection , while other studies found no association . We sought to evaluate the r... | Malaria is one of the most serious public health problems in the world , with 3 . 3 billion people at risk of contracting the disease and almost one million deaths annually , primarily in children younger than five years of age . Undernutrition is also a morbidity of importance to the public worldwide and primarily aff... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Association between Nutritional Status and Malaria in Children from a Rural Community in the Amazonian Region: A Longitudinal Study |
Contact tracing is one of the key response activities necessary for halting Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) transmission . Key elements of contact tracing include identification of persons who have been in contact with confirmed EVD cases and careful monitoring for EVD symptoms , but the details of implementation likely in... | Contact tracing is one of the key response actions necessary for controlling spread of Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) . Contact tracing is comprised of several different activities: identification of persons who have been in contact with confirmed EVD cases , close monitoring contacts for EVD symptoms , and management of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"education",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"quarantines",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"pediatrics",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"data",
"management",
"negle... | 2017 | Ebola virus disease contact tracing activities, lessons learned and best practices during the Duport Road outbreak in Monrovia, Liberia, November 2015 |
Simple surgical intervention advocated by the World Health Organization can alleviate trachomatous trichiasis ( TT ) and prevent subsequent blindness . A large backlog of TT cases remain unidentified and untreated . To increase identification and referral of TT cases , a novel approach using standard screening question... | Surgical management of trachomatous trichiasis ( TT ) is recommended by the WHO as a cost-effective strategy to mitigate blinding trachoma . However , a large surgical backlog exists and many individuals suffering with TT remain unknown to the health system . To identify TT cases , we designed a standard set of screeni... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Assessment of a Novel Approach to Identify Trichiasis Cases Using Community Treatment Assistants in Tanzania |
Silky-feather has been selected and fixed in some breeds due to its unique appearance . This phenotype is caused by a single recessive gene ( hookless , h ) . Here we map the silky-feather locus to chromosome 3 by linkage analysis and subsequently fine-map it to an 18 . 9 kb interval using the identical by descent ( IB... | The feather is an excellent model for evolution and development due to its complex structure and vast diversity . Some chickens have silky-feather because of a loss of hooklets in pennaceous feathers , while most chickens have the wild-type normal feather . Hooklets are formed in the last differentiation stage of the l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"animal",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | A cis-Regulatory Mutation of PDSS2 Causes Silky-Feather in Chickens |
Here we report the genetic analyses of histone lysine methyltransferase ( KMT ) genes in the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . Eight putative M . oryzae KMT genes were targeted for gene disruption by homologous recombination . Phenotypic assays revealed that the eight KMTs were involved in various infection p... | This paper provides two major contributions to the field of genetics . First , we systematically studied the biological roles of eight histone lysine methyltransferase ( KMT ) genes in the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . We investigated their roles , especially focusing on their involvement in infection-rel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | MoSET1 (Histone H3K4 Methyltransferase in Magnaporthe oryzae) Regulates Global Gene Expression during Infection-Related Morphogenesis |
Proteomics techniques can identify thousands of phosphorylation sites in a single experiment , the majority of which are new and lack precise information about function or molecular mechanism . Here we present a fast method to predict potential phosphorylation switches by mapping phosphorylation sites to protein-protei... | Most biological processes occur by molecules connecting to other molecules , and the precise details of these connections can often be seen in their three-dimensional structures or inferred from those of similar molecules . The ways in which molecules fit together are often affected and regulated by small chemical modi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"neurochemistry",
"protein",
"interactions",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"protein",
"structure",
"prediction",
"protein",
"structure",
"neurotransmitters",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
... | 2017 | Systematic identification of phosphorylation-mediated protein interaction switches |
Positive-stranded RNA viruses replicate inside cells and depend on many co-opted cellular factors to complete their infection cycles . To combat viruses , the hosts use conserved restriction factors , such as DEAD-box RNA helicases , which can function as viral RNA sensors or as effectors by blocking RNA virus replicat... | Positive-stranded RNA viruses are important and emerging pathogens that greatly depend on the host during infection . The host uses conserved innate and cell-intrinsic restriction factors as a first line of defense to combat viruses . Among the most intriguing host restriction factors are the family of DEAD-box RNA hel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"enzymes",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"rna",
"helicases",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"dead-box",
"chemical",
"synthesis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"proteins",
"guide",
"rna",... | 2019 | Blocking tombusvirus replication through the antiviral functions of DDX17-like RH30 DEAD-box helicase |
The murine model of T . cruzi infection has provided compelling evidence that development of host resistance against intracellular protozoans critically depends on the activation of members of the Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) family via the MyD88 adaptor molecule . However , the possibility that TLR/MyD88 signaling pathw... | Innate and acquired immune responses are triggered during infection with T . cruzi , the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease , and are critical for host survival . Parasite burden is usually controlled by the time the adaptive response becomes operational . Nevertheless , T . cruzi manages to subsist within intracellula... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Impaired Innate Immunity in Tlr4−/− Mice but Preserved CD8+ T Cell Responses against Trypanosoma cruzi in Tlr4-, Tlr2-, Tlr9- or Myd88-Deficient Mice |
The preparedness of health systems to detect , treat , and prevent onward transmission of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) is central to mitigating future outbreaks . Early detection of outbreaks is critical to timely response , but estimating detection rates is difficult because unreported spillover events and outbreaks do... | Emerging infectious diseases are often not investigated in rural Africa unless outbreaks involve a sizeable number of cases . A number of different Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) outbreaks have been reported in the literature and in surveillance reports since its discovery in 1976 . The majority of the reports are of larg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"viruses",
"filoviruses",
"pr... | 2019 | Estimating undetected Ebola spillovers |
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ( HSV1 ) is amongst the most clinically advanced oncolytic virus platforms . However , efficient and sustained viral replication within tumours is limiting . Rapamycin can stimulate HSV1 replication in cancer cells , but active-site dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 ( mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1... | Dysregulated mRNA translation occurs frequently in tumours due to elevated eIF4E expression or a hyperactive mTOR complex 1 ( mTORC1 ) signaling pathway that results in the inactivation of the eIF4E binding proteins ( 4E-BPs ) . Targeting the mTORC1/4E-BPs/eIF4E axis is a promising strategy in cancer therapies and for ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"enzymes",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"messenger",
"rna",
"biological",
"cultures",
"enzymology",
"oncolytic",
"viruses",
"microbiology",
"transformed",
"cell",
"lines",
"oncology",
"protein",
"synthesis",
"chemical",
"... | 2018 | Active-site mTOR inhibitors augment HSV1-dICP0 infection in cancer cells via dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BP axis |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is distinguished by a complex interplay of immune response and parasite multiplication inside host cells . However , the direct association between different immunological correlates and parasite numbers remains largely unknown . We examined the plasma levels of different disease promoting... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is one of the most widespread parasitic diseases worldwide and is caused by kinetoplastid protozoa of the Leishmania donovani complex . The disease begins with internalization of L . donovani parasites and their multiplication within host macrophages followed subsequently by immune suppres... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
... | 2016 | Induction of IL-10 and TGFβ from CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T Cells Correlates with Parasite Load in Indian Kala-azar Patients Infected with Leishmania donovani |
Hedgehog transduces signal by promoting cell surface expression of the seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened ( Smo ) in Drosophila , but the underlying mechanism remains unknown . Here we demonstrate that Smo is downregulated by ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis and degradation , and that Hh increases Smo cell surface ex... | The Hedgehog ( Hh ) family of secreted proteins governs cell growth and patterning in diverse species ranging from Drosophila to human . Hh signals across the cell surface membrane by regulating the subcellular location and conformation of a membrane protein called Smoothened ( Smo ) . In Drosophila , Smo accumulates o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | Hedgehog-Regulated Ubiquitination Controls Smoothened Trafficking and Cell Surface Expression in Drosophila |
The Gene Ontology ( GO ) provides biologists with a controlled terminology that describes how genes are associated with functions and how functional terms are related to one another . These term-term relationships encode how scientists conceive the organization of biological functions , and they take the form of a dire... | Investigating how a set of genes might collectively work together to perform various cellular processes has become a routine part of many biological analyses . In such analyses , genes of interest are compared to sets of genes annotated to various biological functions ( or pathways ) defined within carefully curated da... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Finding New Order in Biological Functions from the Network Structure of Gene Annotations |
Fly development amazes us by the precision and reproducibility of gene expression , especially since the initial expression patterns are established during very short nuclear cycles . Recent live imaging of hunchback promoter dynamics shows a stable steep binary expression pattern established within the three minute in... | Despite very limited time , organisms develop in reproducible ways . In the early stages of fly development the information about maternal signals is read out in a few minutes to produce steep and precise gene expression patterns . Motivated by recent live imaging experiments in fly embryos , we explore the consequence... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"characterization",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"messenger",
"rna",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"mitosis",
"developmental",
"biology",
"transcription",
... | 2018 | Precision in a rush: Trade-offs between reproducibility and steepness of the hunchback expression pattern |
The hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) are characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral changes . The most prominent brain region affected by the progression of AD is the hippocampal formation . The pathogenesis involves a successive loss of hippocampal neurons accompanied by a decline in learning and memory ... | More than 20 years ago , the amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) was identified as the precursor protein of the Aβ peptide , the main component of senile plaques in brains affected by Alzheimer’s disease . However , little is known about the physiological function of amyloid precursor protein . Allocating APP to the prot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"nervous",
"system",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"synaptic",
"vesicles",
"network",
"analysis",
"alzheimer",
"disease... | 2016 | APP Is a Context-Sensitive Regulator of the Hippocampal Presynaptic Active Zone |
Assembly and disassembly of viral capsids are essential steps in the viral life cycle . Studies on their kinetics are mostly performed in vitro , allowing application of biochemical , biophysical and visualizing techniques . In vivo kinetics are poorly understood and the transferability of the in vitro models to the ce... | Viral capsids facilitate protection of the enclosed viral genome and participate in the intracellular transport of the genome . At the site of replication capsids have to release the genome , but after replication new capsids have to be assembled for encapsidation of the progeny genomes . Detailed data on stability of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2009 | Nuclear Entry of Hepatitis B Virus Capsids Involves Disintegration to Protein Dimers followed by Nuclear Reassociation to Capsids |
Low-oxygen tolerance is supported by an adaptive response that includes a coordinate shift in metabolism and the activation of a transcriptional program that is driven by the hypoxia-inducible factor ( HIF ) pathway . The precise contribution of HIF-1a in the adaptive response , however , has not been determined . Here... | When oxygen levels fall below normal , cells are said to be in a hypoxic state . Once in hypoxia , dramatic changes are induced that allow for adaptation . In particular , energetic metabolism and transcription are highly affected . HIF ( hypoxia inducible factor ) is a highly conserved factor that is the driving force... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"biochemistry",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"metabolic",
"pathways",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"metabolism",
"molecular",
"biology",
"dna",
"transcription"
] | 2013 | HIF- and Non-HIF-Regulated Hypoxic Responses Require the Estrogen-Related Receptor in Drosophila melanogaster |
Epstein–Barr virus ( EBV ) is a ubiquitous oncogenic virus that induces many cancers . N6-Methyladenosine ( m6A ) modification regulates many cellular processes . We explored the role of m6A in EBV gene regulation and associated cancers . We have comprehensively defined m6A modification of EBV latent and lytic transcri... | Epstein–Barr virus ( EBV ) is a ubiquitous oncogenic virus that contributes to approximately 2% of all cancers by modulating a myriad of host cell activities . M6A is the most abundant RNA modification which is important for infection with HIV-1 , HCV , Zika virus , KSHV and SV40 virus . The role of m6A modification an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"messenger",
"rna",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"viruses",
"oncology",
"immunoprecipi... | 2019 | EBV epitranscriptome reprogramming by METTL14 is critical for viral-associated tumorigenesis |
Human monkeypox ( MPX ) occurs at appreciable rates in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( DRC ) . Infection with varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) has a similar presentation to that of MPX , and in areas where MPX is endemic these two illnesses are commonly mistaken . This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of two sur... | Human monkeypox is the most significant Orthopoxvirus infection since the eradication of smallpox . The disease is endemic in Africa and the majority of cases occur in the Congo Basin . Correct identification of patients is critical to deployment of efficient control measures to prevent further transmission and appropr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"musculoskeletal",
"system",
"zoonoses",
"hands",
"epide... | 2017 | Enhancing case definitions for surveillance of human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of Congo |
The genome of Trypanosoma brucei is unusual in being regulated almost entirely at the post-transcriptional level . In terms of regulation , the best-studied genes are procyclins , which encode a family of major surface GPI-anchored glycoproteins ( EP1 , EP2 , EP3 , GPEET ) that show differential expression in the paras... | Trypanosomes , the tropical parasites that cause African sleeping sickness , show a number of biological peculiarities that distinguish them from other eukaryotes . One is the unusual way in which they regulate gene expression . Unlike most eukaryotes , trypanosomes do not regulate gene expression by controlling the ra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/rna-protein",
"interactions",
"molecular",
"biology/translational",
"regulation",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
... | 2009 | Differential Trypanosome Surface Coat Regulation by a CCCH Protein That Co-Associates with procyclin mRNA cis-Elements |
Critical to human innate immunity against African trypanosomes is a minor subclass of human high-density lipoproteins , termed Trypanosome Lytic Factor-1 ( TLF-1 ) . This primate-specific molecule binds to a haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor ( HpHbR ) on the surface of susceptible trypanosomes , initiating a lytic pathwa... | African trypanosomes are parasites that are able to infect a wide variety of mammals; however , only two sub-species , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , are able to infect humans . A human innate immune molecule , trypanosome lytic factor-1 ( TLF-1 ) , is responsible for this selective p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"mutagenesis",
"biochemistry",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genetics",
"biology",
"cytometry",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Group 1 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin Receptor Abolishes TLF-1 Binding |
Malignant melanoma is a cancer of the skin arising in the melanocytes . We present a mathematical model of melanoma invasion into healthy tissue with an immune response . We use this model as a framework with which to investigate primary tumor invasion and treatment by surgical excision . We observe that the presence o... | Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer that invades into the dermis and metastasizes into the surrounding tissue . In clinical cases , surgical excision of the primary tumor has led to widespread and accelerated growth in metastases . We develop a mathematical model describing the basic process of melanoma invasion , metasta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"oncology",
"mathematics",
"dermatology/skin",
"cancers,",
"including",
"melanoma",
"and",
"lymphoma",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"oncology/skin",
"cancers",
"computational",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Tumor-Immune Interaction, Surgical Treatment, and Cancer Recurrence in a Mathematical Model of Melanoma |
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) is the most common cause of congenital infection , and is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss and neurological disabilities . Evaluating the risk for a CMV infected fetus to develop severe clinical symptoms after birth is crucial to provide appropriate guidance to pregnant women who migh... | CMV is the most common cause of congenital infection , and can result in significant neonatal morbidity and neurological disabilities . The birth prevalence of congenital CMV is estimated at 0 . 7% worldwide , and 10 to 20% of these neonates develop severe symptoms . In such cases the outcome is generally poor . Theref... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Identification of Symptomatic Fetuses Infected with Cytomegalovirus Using Amniotic Fluid Peptide Biomarkers |
The identification of recessive disease-causing genes by homozygosity mapping is often restricted by lack of suitable consanguineous families . To overcome these limitations , we apply homozygosity mapping to single affected individuals from outbred populations . In 72 individuals of 54 kindred ascertained worldwide wi... | Many childhood diseases are caused by single-gene mutations of recessive genes , in which a child has inherited one mutated gene copy from each parent causing disease in the child , but not in the parents who are healthy heterozygous carriers . As the two mutations represent the disease cause , gene mapping helped unde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"nephrology/tubulointerstitial",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"nephrology/chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
"nephrology/hereditary,",
"genetic,",
"and",
"development",
"nephrology",
"genetics"... | 2009 | A Systematic Approach to Mapping Recessive Disease Genes in Individuals from Outbred Populations |
Colonies of the opportunistic pathogen Proteus mirabilis can distinguish self from non-self: in swarming colonies of two different strains , one strain excludes the other from the expanding colony edge . Predominant models characterize bacterial kin discrimination as immediate antagonism towards non-kin cells , typical... | A resident of animal intestines , Proteus mirabilis is a major cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and can cause recurrent , persistent infections . Swarming , which is a collective behavior that promotes centimeter-scale population migration , is implicated in colonization of bladders and kidneys . A... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"liquid",
"chromatography",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"secretion",
"systems",
"animal",
"behavi... | 2019 | Peer pressure from a Proteus mirabilis self-recognition system controls participation in cooperative swarm motility |
Adaptation of molecular structure to the ligand chemistry and interaction with the cytoskeletal filament are key to understanding the mechanochemistry of molecular motors . Despite the striking structural similarity with kinesin-1 , which moves towards plus-end , Ncd motors exhibit minus-end directionality on microtubu... | Proteins belonging to the kinesin superfamily are responsible for vesicle or organelle transport , spindle morphogenesis , and chromosome sorting during cell division . Interestingly , while most proteins in kinesin superfamily that share the common catalytic motor head domain have plus-end directionality along microtu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"protein",
"folding",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | The Origin of Minus-end Directionality and Mechanochemistry of Ncd Motors |
A reliable and effective human challenge model is needed to help down-select the most promising ETEC vaccines currently under development . Such a model would need to reliably induce diarrhea in a high proportion of volunteers using the lowest possible inoculum to maximize safety and sensitivity . Previously we validat... | Human challenge models can provide a platform for the initial evaluation of vaccine efficacy to down-select vaccine candidates before more expensive phase III trials are conducted . An ideal challenge model would need to reproducibly induce diarrhea in a high proportion of volunteers using the lowest possible inoculum ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"vaccines",
"diarrhea",
"physiological",
"processes",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"gastr... | 2018 | Impact of lower challenge doses of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on clinical outcome, intestinal colonization and immune responses in adult volunteers |
Loss of retinoblastoma ( Rb ) tumor suppressor function is associated with human malignancies . Molecular and genetic mechanisms responsible for tumorigenic Rb downregulation are not fully defined . Through a forward genetic screen and positional cloning , we identified and characterized a zebrafish ubiquitin specific ... | Previous studies have shown that Rb+/− mice develop pituitary adenomas; however , RB1 mutations have not been found in human pituitary tumors . In the present study , we uncovered a novel genetic pathway that may lead to Rb downregulation through RNA splicing mediated by usp39 , a gene involved in assembly of the splic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/neuroendocrinology",
"and",
"pituitary",
"oncology",
"molecular",
"biology/rna",
"splicing"
] | 2011 | Zebrafish usp39 Mutation Leads to rb1 mRNA Splicing Defect and Pituitary Lineage Expansion |
Drosophila melanogaster mount an effective innate immune response against invading microorganisms , but can eventually succumb to persistent pathogenic infections . Understanding of this pathogenesis is limited , but it appears that host factors , induced by microbes , can have a direct cost to the host organism . Muta... | Like any organism , fruit flies respond to invading microorganisms by mounting an immune defense . Many aspects of the immune defense in fruit flies are similar to the inflammatory response in mammals , including the harmful effects of a sustained response against persistent pathogenic infections . We found in the past... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"immunology"
] | 2008 | Pathogenesis of Listeria-Infected Drosophila wntD Mutants Is Associated with Elevated Levels of the Novel Immunity Gene edin |
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the four dengue viruses ( DENV-1 to 4 ) that can also be transmitted by blood transfusion and organ transplantation . The distribution of DENV in the components of blood from infected donors is poorly understood . We used an in-house TaqMan qRT-PCR assay to test residu... | Dengue is a febrile disease caused by the four dengue viruses ( DENV-1 to 4 ) transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes that can also be transmitted by blood transfusion and organ transplantation . DENV is present in the blood of infected individuals without symptoms , meaning that infected donors may pose a risk ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology"... | 2016 | Distribution of Dengue Virus Types 1 and 4 in Blood Components from Infected Blood Donors from Puerto Rico |
Inputs to signaling pathways can have complex statistics that depend on the environment and on the behavioral response to previous stimuli . Such behavioral feedback is particularly important in navigation . Successful navigation relies on proper coupling between sensors , which gather information during motion , and a... | The biased random walk is a fundamental strategy used by many organisms to navigate their environment . Drift along the desired direction is achieved by reducing the probability to reorient whenever conditions improve . In the chemotaxis system of Escherichia coli , this is accomplished with a sensory module that imple... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"escherichia",
"coli",
"systems",
"biology",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"network",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"c... | 2014 | Limits of Feedback Control in Bacterial Chemotaxis |
An organism's ability to thrive in changing environmental conditions requires the capacity for making flexible behavioral responses . Here we show that , in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , foraging responses to changes in food availability require nlp-12 , a homolog of the mammalian neuropeptide cholecystokinin (... | Animal behavior is profoundly affected by contextual information about the internal state of the organism as well as sensory information about the external environment . A class of signaling molecules known as neuropeptides have been implicated in driving transitions between behavioral states ( e . g . , from food seek... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"anatomy",
"neurotransmission",
"nervous",
"system",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"motor",
"system",
"neuroscience"
] | 2014 | A Conserved Dopamine-Cholecystokinin Signaling Pathway Shapes Context–Dependent Caenorhabditis elegans Behavior |
Catch-up growth after insults to growing organs is paramount to achieving robust body proportions . In fly larvae , injury to individual tissues is followed by local and systemic compensatory mechanisms that allow the damaged tissue to regain normal proportions with other tissues . In vertebrates , local catch-up growt... | The coordination of organ growth is necessary to attain correct individual organ sizes and body proportions . While extensive studies in insects have revealed that both intra-organ and inter-organ communication mechanisms are involved in regulating organ growth , vertebrate studies have lagged behind . Here , we develo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"tibia",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"chondrocytes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"skeleton",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"embryos",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"cartilag... | 2018 | Cell-nonautonomous local and systemic responses to cell arrest enable long-bone catch-up growth in developing mice |
An important issue associated with the control of visceral leishmaniasis is the need to identify and understand the relevance of asymptomatic infection caused by Leishmania infantum . The aim of this study was to follow the course of asymptomatic L . infantum infection in children in an area of Brazil where it is endem... | In Brazil , visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is caused by the parasite protozoon Leishmania ( Leishmania ) infantum ( syn chagasi ) , which is transmitted to humans by sandflies that have widespread wild and domestic animal reservoirs . An important issue associated with the control of VL is the need to identify and under... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"molecular",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"leishmaniasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Low Parasite Load Estimated by qPCR in a Cohort of Children Living in Urban Area Endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil |
Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) has caused great morbidity , mortality , and use of health service in children younger than five years in China . Vaccines against EV71 have been proved effective and safe by recent phase 3 trials and are now available in China . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health impact and co... | Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) has caused great morbidity , mortality , and use of health service in children younger than five years in China . Recently , effective and safe vaccines against EV71 have been approved . Whether EV71 vaccination should be included as part of China’s routine childhood immunization schedule is unk... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"economic",
"analysis",
"china",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"health",
"care",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"age",
"groups",
"infectious",
... | 2017 | Cost-effectiveness of a national enterovirus 71 vaccination program in China |
The interferon-inducible transmembrane ( IFITM ) protein family represents a new class of cellular restriction factors that block early stages of viral replication; the underlying mechanism is currently not known . Here we provide evidence that IFITM proteins restrict membrane fusion induced by representatives of all t... | Many pathogenic viruses contain an envelope that must fuse with the cell membrane in order to gain entry and initiate infection . This process is mediated by one or more glycoproteins present on the surface of the virions , known as viral fusion proteins . Recently , a family of interferon-inducible transmembrane ( IFI... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | IFITM Proteins Restrict Viral Membrane Hemifusion |
The interaction between signaling pathways is a central question in the study of organogenesis . Using the developing murine tongue as a model , we uncovered unknown relationships between Sonic hedgehog ( SHH ) and retinoic acid ( RA ) signaling . Genetic loss of SHH signaling leads to enhanced RA activity subsequent t... | Knowledge of the biological mechanisms controlling cell fate specification is of paramount importance for cell-based therapies . Sonic hedgehog ( SHH ) and retinoic acid ( RA ) pathways play key roles in development and disease . The role of SHH during in vivo tongue development is a subject of great interest , and whe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"merkel",
"cells",
"taste",
"buds",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"in",
"situ",
"hybridization",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"retinoid",
"signaling",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"tongue",
... | 2017 | Cell fate specification in the lingual epithelium is controlled by antagonistic activities of Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid |
Prions are unconventional infectious agents thought to be primarily composed of PrPSc , a multimeric misfolded conformer of the ubiquitously expressed host-encoded prion protein ( PrPC ) . They cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases in both animals and humans . The disease phenotype is not uniform within species , and ... | Prions are unconventional transmissible agents causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases in human and animals . They are thought to be formed from polymers of abnormal conformations of the host-encoded prion protein ( PrP ) , but little is known about the physical organization of the infectious particles and any relatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/prion",
"diseases",
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding",
"neurological",
"disorders/prion",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | The Physical Relationship between Infectivity and Prion Protein Aggregates Is Strain-Dependent |
Assessing the impact of the social environment on health and disease is challenging . As social effects are in part determined by the genetic makeup of social partners , they can be studied from associations between genotypes of one individual and phenotype of another ( social genetic effects , SGE , also called indire... | Daily interactions between individuals can influence their health both in positive and negative ways . Often the mechanisms mediating social effects are unknown , so current approaches to study social effects are limited to a few phenotypes for which the mediating mechanisms are known a priori or suspected . Here we pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Accession",
"numbers"
] | [
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"random",
"variables",
"covariance",
"physiological",
"processes",
"mathematics",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"population"... | 2017 | Genetic Variation in the Social Environment Contributes to Health and Disease |
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is etiologically associated with endothelial Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) and B-cell proliferative primary effusion lymphoma ( PEL ) , common malignancies seen in immunocompromised HIV-1 infected patients . The progression of these cancers occurs by the proliferation of cells... | Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) , prevalent in immunosuppressed HIV infected individuals and transplant recipients , is etiologically associated with cancers such as endothelial Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) and B-cell primary effusion lymphoma ( PEL ) . Both KS and PEL develop from the unlimited proliferati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"biology",
"antiangiogenesis",
"therapy",
"cell",
"growth",
"oncology",
"agents",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cell",
"processes",
"viral",
"disease... | 2014 | Glutamate Secretion and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Expression during Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection Promotes Cell Proliferation |
Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is a widely distributed herpesvirus that causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised hosts . Inhibitors of viral DNA replication are available , but adverse effects limit their use . Alternative antiviral strategies may include inhibition of entry . We show that soluble derivatives ... | Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) depends on expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha ( PDGFR-alpha ) for infection of fibroblasts whereas this cell surface protein is not required for infection of endothelial cells . Surprisingly , pretreatment of HCMV with a soluble derivative of PDGFR-alpha prevents ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"fibrob... | 2017 | A derivative of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha binds to the trimer of human cytomegalovirus and inhibits entry into fibroblasts and endothelial cells |
Aspergillus species are a major worldwide cause of corneal ulcers , resulting in visual impairment and blindness in immunocompetent individuals . To enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of Aspergillus keratitis , we developed a murine model in which red fluorescent protein ( RFP ) -expressing A . fumigatus ( A... | Corneal infection with filamentous fungi , including Aspergillus species , is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness in the southern USA and worldwide . The incidence in India and China greatly increases during harvest season when infection occurs after traumatic injury with fungal spores ( conidia ) . In co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"activation"
] | 2010 | Distinct Roles for Dectin-1 and TLR4 in the Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis |
The diverse , specialized genes present in today’s lifeforms evolved from a common core of ancient , elementary genes . However , these genes did not evolve individually: gene expression is controlled by a complex network of interactions , and alterations in one gene may drive reciprocal changes in its proteins’ bindin... | We found strong relationships between the community structures and evolutionary properties of an acute myeloid leukemia gene regulatory network ( GRN ) and a general human GRN . Interacting genes tend to have similar evolutionary ages and rates , causing the GRNs to segregate into slowly-evolving ( “cold” ) , old gene ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"acute",
"myeloid",
"leukemia",
"leukemias",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"myeloid",
"leukemia",
"gene",
"regulation",
"computational",
"biology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
... | 2016 | Evolutionary and Topological Properties of Genes and Community Structures in Human Gene Regulatory Networks |
We report here a study of regeneration in Drosophila larval wing imaginal discs after damage by ionizing radiation . We detected faithful regeneration that restored a wing disc and abnormal regeneration that produced an extra wing disc . We describe a sequence of changes in cell number , location and fate that occur to... | Accuracy in regeneration ensures that the original structures are restored , no more and no less . Prior studies in the wing primordia of Drosophila melanogaster larvae that have been damaged by high energy radiation show that regeneration occurs to restore the original structure . We report here that , in the same exp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"cell",
"death",
"rna",
"interference",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"mitosis",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",... | 2017 | STAT, Wingless, and Nurf-38 determine the accuracy of regeneration after radiation damage in Drosophila |
In Bangladesh , increases in cholera epidemics are being documented with a greater incidence and severity . The aim of this prospective study was to identify the prevalence and importance of V . cholerae O1 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) as causal agents of severe diarrhea in a high diarrhea prone urban ... | Bangladesh is a country where acute dehydrating diarrhea or cholera is common and is seen at least two times every year and additionally in natural disasters . In addition cholera cases have increased in the country , especially in urban settings such as in the capital city , Dhaka , where the number of hospitalized pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2011 | Impact of Rapid Urbanization on the Rates of Infection by Vibrio cholerae O1 and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
Since 2004 , treatment of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease , or Buruli ulcer , has shifted from surgery to daily treatment with streptomycin ( STR ) + rifampin ( RIF ) for 8 weeks . For shortening treatment duration , we tested the potential of daily rifapentine ( RPT ) , a long-acting rifamycin derivative , as a substit... | Until 2004 , the treatment of Buruli ulcer ( BU ) was surgical excision followed by skin grafting . Now an 8-week daily regimen of streptomycin and rifampin ( STR+RIF ) is recommended by the World Health Organization , supplemented when necessary by surgical intervention . However , such an antimicrobial treatment is s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"buruli",
"ulcer",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Bactericidal Activity Does Not Predict Sterilizing Activity: The Case of Rifapentine in the Murine Model of Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease |
From the microscopic to the macroscopic level , biological life exhibits directed migration in response to environmental conditions . Chemotaxis enables microbes to sense and move towards nutrient-rich regions or to avoid toxic ones . Socio-economic factors drive human populations from rural to urban areas . The effect... | The production and maintenance of shared environmental resources such as access to nutrients in microbial communities or potable water in human societies require the cooperation of groups of individuals . However , cooperation is costly and prone to exploitation . If too many individuals follow selfish interests and sp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biofilms",
"cell",
"motility",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"dynamics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"extinction",
"risk",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"animal",
"behavior",
"public",
"goods... | 2019 | Directed migration shapes cooperation in spatial ecological public goods games |
Bacterial capsules are common targets for antibody-mediated immunity . The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is unusual among capsules because it is composed of a polymer of poly-γ-d-glutamic acid ( γdPGA ) . We previously generated murine IgG3 monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) to γdPGA that were protective in a murine model ... | The ability of an antibody to recognize and bind to its target is classically viewed as a function of the variable region of the molecule; this region distinguishes an antibody with one specificity from an antibody with a different specificity . We examined binding of antibodies to an outer coat of the biothreat Bacill... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"immunity",
"gram",
"positive",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"immunotherapy",
"immunoglobulins"
] | 2013 | IgG Subclass and Heavy Chain Domains Contribute to Binding and Protection by mAbs to the Poly γ-D-glutamic Acid Capsular Antigen of Bacillus anthracis |
Dengue is an emerging infectious disease that has become the most important arboviral infection worldwide . There are four serotypes of dengue virus , DENV-1 , DENV-2 , DENV-3 , and DENV-4 , each capable of causing the full spectrum of disease . rDEN1Δ30 is a live attenuated investigational vaccine for the prevention o... | Globally , dengue fever has become the most common clinically significant mosquito-transmitted viral illness . Dengue viruses exist as four serotypes , and increasingly several serotypes co-circulate in the same region . Infection with one serotype increases the risk of severe illness following infection with a second ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"immunology",
"dengue",
"phase",
"i",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"immunizations",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"dengue... | 2011 | A Single Dose of the DENV-1 Candidate Vaccine rDEN1Δ30 Is Strongly Immunogenic and Induces Resistance to a Second Dose in a Randomized Trial |
Tubulointerstitial kidney disease is an important cause of progressive renal failure whose aetiology is incompletely understood . We analysed a large pedigree with maternally inherited tubulointerstitial kidney disease and identified a homoplasmic substitution in the control region of the mitochondrial genome ( m . 547... | Mitochondria provide the cell’s energy through respiration , using glucose and oxygen to produce ATP . Critical components for this process are encoded by maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA . Mutations in mitochondrial DNA usually affect organs that use energy intensively , notably the brain , eyes and muscles . He... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfer",
"rna",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cultured",
"fibroblasts",
"biopsy",
"mitochondrial",
"dna",
"biological",
"cultures",
"fibroblasts",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"forms",
"of",
"d... | 2017 | Mutations in mitochondrial DNA causing tubulointerstitial kidney disease |
The decision to replicate its DNA is of crucial importance for every cell and , in many organisms , is decisive for the progression through the entire cell cycle . A comparison of animals versus yeast has shown that , although most of the involved cell-cycle regulators are divergent in both clades , they fulfill a simi... | In order to grow , multicellular organisms need to multiply their cells . Cell proliferation is achieved through a complex order of events called the cell cycle , during which the nuclear DNA is duplicated and subsequently distributed to the newly forming daughter cells . The decision to replicate the nuclear DNA is in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | A General G1/S-Phase Cell-Cycle Control Module in the Flowering Plant Arabidopsis thaliana |
MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression , acting primarily by binding to sequence-specific locations on already transcribed messenger RNAs ( mRNA ) and typically down-regulating their stability or translation . Recent studies indicate that microRNAs may also play a role in up-regulating mRNA transcription... | We provide physical evidence , using NMR , FRET and SPR , that purine or pyrimidine-rich microRNAs can form triplexes with complementary purine-rich sequences of duplex DNA and provide an algorithm ( Trident ) to search genome-wide for potential microRNA double-stranded DNA triplex-forming sites . Using this algorithm ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Data",
"access"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"electrophoretic",
"mobility",
"shift",
"assay",
"gene",
"regulation",
"organic",
"compounds",
"purines",
"rna",
"stem-loop",
"structure",
"micrornas",
"dna",
"dna",
"structure",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"epigenetics",
"chromatin",
... | 2016 | MicroRNAs Form Triplexes with Double Stranded DNA at Sequence-Specific Binding Sites; a Eukaryotic Mechanism via which microRNAs Could Directly Alter Gene Expression |
The development of sensory receptive fields has been modeled in the past by a variety of models including normative models such as sparse coding or independent component analysis and bottom-up models such as spike-timing dependent plasticity or the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro model of synaptic plasticity . Here we show th... | The question of how the brain self-organizes to develop precisely tuned neurons has puzzled neuroscientists at least since the discoveries of Hubel and Wiesel . In the past decades , a variety of theories and models have been proposed to describe receptive field formation , notably V1 simple cells , from natural inputs... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neural",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"electronics",
"neuroscience",
"optimization",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"mathematics",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuronal",
"plasticity",
"coding",
"mechanisms",
"rectifiers",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
... | 2016 | Nonlinear Hebbian Learning as a Unifying Principle in Receptive Field Formation |
Hand , foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) leads to the majority of neurological complications and death in young children . While putative inactivated vaccines are only now undergoing clinical trials , no specific treatment options exist yet . Ideally , EV71 specific intravenous immunoglobulins co... | Over the last decade , EV71 has emerged as a major cause of severe hand , foot and mouth disease in the Asia-Pacific region , occasionally leading to fatal brain stem encephalitis in young children . The rapid progression and high mortality of severe EV71 infection makes it vital to identify neutralization epitopes and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"virology"
] | 2014 | A Novel Universal Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody against Enterovirus 71 That Targets the Highly Conserved “Knob” Region of VP3 Protein |
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) is an important mosquito-borne veterinary and human pathogen that has caused large outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula . Currently , no licensed vaccine or therapeutics exists to treat this potentially deadly disease . The explosive nature of RVFV out... | Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is an important neglected tropical disease that has caused severe epidemics and epizootics throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula . Severe outbreaks have involved tens of thousands of both human and livestock cases for which no effective , commercially available human vaccines are availab... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"marmosets",
"animals",
"mammals",... | 2018 | Attenuation and efficacy of live-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine candidates in non-human primates |
Chagas disease is a major neglected tropical disease with deep socio-economical effects throughout Central and South America . Vector control programs have consistently reduced domestic populations of triatomine vectors , but non-domiciliated vectors still have to be controlled efficiently . Designing control strategie... | Chagas disease is one of the most important parasitic diseases in Latin America . Since the 1980's , many national and international initiatives have contributed to eliminate vectors developing inside human domiciles . Today's challenge is to control vectors that are non-adapted to the human domicile , but still able t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ecology/spatial",
"and",
"landscape",
"ecology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"ecology/theoretical",
"ecology",
"ecology/population",
"ecology",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"contro... | 2011 | Evaluation of Spatially Targeted Strategies to Control Non-Domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata Vector of Chagas Disease |
Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas disease in Venezuela . Here , domestic infestations of poor quality rural housing have persisted despite four decades of vector control . This is in contrast to the Southern Cone region of South America , where the main vector , Triatoma infestans , has been eliminated ove... | Chagas disease is spread by blood-feeding insects ( triatomine bugs ) that colonise poor-quality houses . Disease control relies primarily on killing domestic bugs by spraying dwellings with residual insecticide . In Venezuela , sustained control has proved difficult despite four decades of campaigns . Considered the m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2008 | Molecular Genetics Reveal That Silvatic Rhodnius prolixus Do Colonise Rural Houses |
The epithelium of the small intestinal crypt , which has a vital role in protecting the underlying tissue from the harsh intestinal environment , is completely renewed every 4–5 days by a small pool of stem cells at the base of each crypt . How is this renewal controlled and homeostasis maintained , particularly given ... | The small intestinal epithelium , like our skin , is constantly being renewed . In the intestine however , this epithelium is exposed to the harsh digestive environment , necessitating much more rapid renewal . Remarkably , the entire epithelium is renewed every 4–5 days . This raises the question , how can the size an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Interplay between Wnt Mediated Expansion and Negative Regulation of Growth Promotes Robust Intestinal Crypt Structure and Homeostasis |
Short-term changes in illumination elicit alterations in thylakoid protein phosphorylation and reorganization of the photosynthetic machinery . Phosphorylation of LHCII , the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II , facilitates its relocation to photosystem I and permits excitation energy redistribution between the... | Plants are able to adapt photosynthesis to changes in light levels by adjusting the activities of their two photosystems , the structures responsible for light energy capture . During a process called state transitions , a part of the photosynthetic complex responsible for light harvesting ( the photosynthetic antennae... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"biochemistry",
"and",
"physiology",
"plant",
"biology/plant-environment",
"interactions",
"plant",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Role of Plastid Protein Phosphatase TAP38 in LHCII Dephosphorylation and Thylakoid Electron Flow |
Despite extensive research on the mechanisms of HLA-mediated immune control of HIV-1 pathogenesis , it is clear that much remains to be discovered , as exemplified by protective HLA alleles like HLA-B*81 which are associated with profound protection from CD4+ T cell decline without robust control of early plasma viremi... | During acute HIV infection , there exists a complex interplay between the host immune response and the virus , and the balance of these interactions dramatically affects disease trajectory in infected individuals . Variations in Human Leukocyte Antigen ( HLA ) alleles dictate the potency of the cellular immune response... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"immune",
"activation",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses... | 2019 | Protective HLA alleles are associated with reduced LPS levels in acute HIV infection with implications for immune activation and pathogenesis |
Chromosome termini form a specialized type of heterochromatin that is important for chromosome stability . The recent discovery of telomeric RNA transcripts in yeast and vertebrates raised the question of whether RNA–based mechanisms are involved in the formation of telomeric heterochromatin . In this study , we perfor... | Telomeres are protein–DNA structures that protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes . A failure in this protective structure can lead to chromosomal instabilities and contribute to cancer and aging . The protective nature of telomeres relies on complex interactions between repetitive telomeric DNA and associated prote... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2010 | siRNA–Mediated Methylation of Arabidopsis Telomeres |
Long-term disease surveillance data provide a basis for studying drivers of pathogen transmission dynamics . Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four distinct , but related , viruses ( DENV-1-4 ) that potentially affect over half the world's population . Dengue incidence varies seasonally and on longer time sc... | Description of long-term temporal patterns in disease occurrence improves our understanding of pathogen transmission dynamics and facilitates predicting new epidemics . Dengue , the most prevalent mosquito-borne , viral disease of humans , typically varies seasonally and on longer , inter-annual time scales . In most s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"population",
"dynamics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"vectors",
"emerging",
"infectious",
... | 2014 | Long-Term and Seasonal Dynamics of Dengue in Iquitos, Peru |
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