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Human co-infection with malaria and helmimths is ubiquitous throughout Africa . Nevertheless , its public health significance on malaria severity remains poorly understood . To contribute to a better understanding of epidemiology and control of this co-infection in Cameroon , a cross-sectional study was carried out to ... | Co-infection of malaria and intestinal helminths causes significant and additive problems against the host . In order to contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology and control of concomitant intestinal geohelminthiasis and malaria infections in Cameroon , a cross-sectional study to assess its prevalence a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"extr... | 2014 | Co-infections of Malaria and Geohelminthiasis in Two Rural Communities of Nkassomo and Vian in the Mfou Health District, Cameroon |
Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infection in humans worldwide . C . neoformans uses macrophages as a proliferative niche to increase infective burden and avoid immune surveillance . However , the specific mechanisms by which C . neoformans manipulates host immunity to promote its... | Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for significant numbers of deaths in the immunocompromised population worldwide . Here we address whether eicosanoids produced by C . neoformans manipulate host innate immune cells during infection . Cryptococcus neoformans produces several... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cryptococcus",
"neoformans",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"fish",
"cryptococcus",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"eicosanoids",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"verteb... | 2019 | 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 activates host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) to promote Cryptococcus neoformans growth during infection |
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP ) transports cholesteryl esters , triglycerides , and phospholipids between different lipoprotein fractions in blood plasma . The inhibition of CETP has been shown to be a sound strategy to prevent and treat the development of coronary heart disease . We employed molecular dyna... | Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in the Western societies . One of the most promising interventions to prevent and slow down the progress of coronary heart disease is the elevation of high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) levels in circulation . Animal models together with early clinical studies have shown t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | Lipid Exchange Mechanism of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Clarified by Atomistic and Coarse-grained Simulations |
Predicting organismal phenotypes from genotype data is important for plant and animal breeding , medicine , and evolutionary biology . Genomic-based phenotype prediction has been applied for single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) genotyping platforms , but not using complete genome sequences . Here , we report genomic ... | The ability to accurately predict values of complex phenotypes from genotype data will revolutionize plant and animal breeding , personalized medicine , and evolutionary biology . To date , genomic prediction has utilized high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) genotyping arrays , but the availability of se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"animal",
"genetics",
"statistics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"population",
"genetics",
"animal",
"models",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"algorithms",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"ef... | 2012 | Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data to Predict Quantitative Trait Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster |
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is the infectious cause of the highly vascularized tumor Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) , which is characterized by proliferating spindle cells of endothelial origin , extensive neo-angiogenesis and inflammatory infiltrates . The KSHV K15 protein contributes to the angiogenic a... | Both the latent and lytic replication phases of the KSHV life cycle are thought to contribute to its persistence and pathogenesis . The non-structural signaling membrane protein K15 is involved in the angiogenic and invasive properties of KSHV-infected endothelial cells . Here we show that the K15 protein is required f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"biopsy",
"gene",
"regulation",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"epitheli... | 2017 | The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) non-structural membrane protein K15 is required for viral lytic replication and may represent a therapeutic target |
In a landmark paper , Nadeau and Taylor [18] formulated the random breakage model ( RBM ) of chromosome evolution that postulates that there are no rearrangement hotspots in the human genome . In the next two decades , numerous studies with progressively increasing levels of resolution made RBM the de facto theory of c... | Rearrangements are genomic “earthquakes” that change the chromosomal architectures . The fundamental question in molecular evolution is whether there exist “chromosomal faults” ( rearrangement hotspots ) where rearrangements are happening over and over again . The random breakage model ( RBM ) postulates that rearrange... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Are There Rearrangement Hotspots in the Human Genome? |
Frameshift and nonsense mutations are common in tumors with microsatellite instability , and mRNAs from these mutated genes have premature termination codons ( PTCs ) . Abnormal mRNAs containing PTCs are normally degraded by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay ( NMD ) system . However , PTCs located within 50–55 nucleotid... | A class of mutations found in many cancers introduces aberrant termination signals during the synthesis of mRNA . In mammalian cells , abnormal mRNAs containing premature termination codons ( PTCs ) are normally degraded by a process called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay ( NMD ) , thus avoiding potentially deleterious ef... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"oncology",
"cell",
"biology",
"in",
"vitro",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Selective Translational Repression of Truncated Proteins from Frameshift Mutation-Derived mRNAs in Tumors |
The protease GP63 is an important virulence factor of Leishmania parasites . We previously showed that GP63 reaches the perinuclear area of host macrophages and that it directly modifies nuclear translocation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 . Here we describe for the first time , using molecular biology and... | Unicellular parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agent of leishmaniasis , a disease affecting 12 million people worldwide , mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the developing world . They have evolved strategies to circumvent cellular defense mechanisms favouring their survival . This includes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Impact of Leishmania Infection on Host Macrophage Nuclear Physiology and Nucleopore Complex Integrity |
Survival at host temperature is a critical trait for pathogenic microbes of humans . Thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens , including Histoplasma capsulatum , are soil fungi that undergo dramatic changes in cell shape and virulence gene expression in response to host temperature . How these organisms link changes in te... | Microbial pathogens of humans display the ability to thrive at host temperature . So-called “thermally dimorphic” fungal pathogens , which include Histoplasma capsulatum , are a class of soil fungi that upon being inhaled into the human lung , undergo dramatic changes in cell shape and virulence gene expression in resp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"fungi",
"mycology",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"processes",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"microbial",
"physiology",
"transcriptional",
"signaling",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"gene",
"expression",
"micro... | 2013 | A Temperature-Responsive Network Links Cell Shape and Virulence Traits in a Primary Fungal Pathogen |
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) is a tick-borne zoonotic agent that is maintained in nature in an enzootic vertebrate-tick-vertebrate cycle . Hyalomma genus ticks have been implicated as the main CCHFV vector and are key in maintaining silent endemic foci . However , what contributes to their central ro... | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) , a cause of severe hemorragic disease in humans , is maintained in nature in a tick-vertebrate-tick enzootic cycle characterized by silent persistence of endemic foci with intermittent epidemics . Most studies support ticks of the genus Hyalomma as the main CCHFV vectors... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ixodes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"nymphs",
"network",
"analysis",
"ticks",
"infectious... | 2018 | Host preferences support the prominent role of Hyalomma ticks in the ecology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever |
Polymorphic inversions contribute to adaptation and phenotypic variation . However , large multi-centric association studies of inversions remain challenging . We present scoreInvHap , a method to genotype inversions from SNP data for genome-wide association studies ( GWASs ) , overcoming important limitations of curre... | Chromosomal inversions are structural variants consisting on an orientation change of a chromosome segment . Inversions have been linked to some phenotypic differences between individuals and to genetic divergence . However , their overall contribution to complex diseases is largely underdetermined as there are no high... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pervasive",
"developmental",
"disorders",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"geographical",
"locations",
"autism",
"social",
"sciences",
"developmental",
"psychology",
"neuroscience",
"genetic",
"mappi... | 2019 | scoreInvHap: Inversion genotyping for genome-wide association studies |
Cortical fast-spiking ( FS ) interneurons display highly variable electrophysiological properties . Their spike responses to step currents occur almost immediately following the step onset or after a substantial delay , during which subthreshold oscillations are frequently observed . Their firing patterns include high-... | About 25% of the neurons in the mammalian neocortex are inhibitory , namely reduce the activity of neurons they contact . These inhibitory neurons exhibit diversity of morphological , chemical , and biophysical properties , and their classification has recently been the focus of much debate . Even neurons belonging to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"cortical",
"fast-spiking",
"neurons"
] | 2007 | Mechanisms of Firing Patterns in Fast-Spiking Cortical Interneurons |
For many genes , proper gene expression requires coordinated and dynamic interactions between multiple regulatory elements , each of which can either promote or silence transcription . In Drosophila , the complexity of the regulatory landscape is further complicated by the tight physical pairing of homologous chromosom... | Gene regulation requires interactions between regions of DNA known as regulatory elements , which , in combination , determine where and when a gene will be active or silenced . Some genes use just a few regulatory elements , whereas others rely on highly complex interactions between many different elements that are po... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"alleles",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"dna",
"transcription",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"eyes",... | 2019 | Two modes of transvection at the eyes absent gene of Drosophila demonstrate plasticity in transcriptional regulatory interactions in cis and in trans |
A previous survey for clinical cases of Buruli ulcer ( BU ) in the Mapé Basin of Cameroon suggested that , compared to older age groups , very young children may be less exposed to Mycobacterium ulcerans . Here we determined serum IgG titres against the 18 kDa small heat shock protein ( shsp ) of M . ulcerans in 875 in... | Although M . ulcerans , the causative agent of Buruli ulcer ( BU ) , was identified in 1948 , its transmission pathways and environmental reservoirs remain poorly understood . The occurrence of M . ulcerans infections in endemic countries in West and Central Africa is highly focal and associated with stagnant and slow ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"immune",
"response"... | 2014 | Late Onset of the Serological Response against the 18 kDa Small Heat Shock Protein of Mycobacterium ulcerans in Children |
Neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) is a major cause of epilepsy in regions where pigs are free-ranging and hygiene is poor . Pork production is expected to increase in the next decade in sub-Saharan Africa , hence NCC will likely become more prevalent . In this study , people with epilepsy ( PWE , n = 212 ) were followed up 28... | Neurocysticercosis , a preventable and treatable disease , is one of the main causes of epilepsy in low income countries . In these countries , the diagnosis of epilepsy is often based on clinical presentation and interviews as neuroimaging is rarely available . It is crucial to distinguish people with epilepsy due to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"neurocysticercosis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"test",
"evaluation",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"population",
"biology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"epilepsy",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"diagno... | 2011 | A Cross-Sectional Study of People with Epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in Tanzania: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Approaches |
Percutaneous treatment ( PT ) emerged in the mid-1980s as an alternative to surgery for selected cases of abdominal cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) . Despite its efficacy and widespread use , the puncture of echinococcal cysts is still far from being universally accepted . One of the main reasons for this reluctance is th... | The risk of anaphylactic shock is the objection most often raised by opponents of percutaneous treatments for cystic echinococcosis , but there are no updated figures on the actual occurrence of anaphylaxis as a complication of this treatment . To assess the number of lethal and non-lethal anaphylactic reactions follow... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"echinococcosis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Justified Concern or Exaggerated Fear: The Risk of Anaphylaxis in Percutaneous Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis—A Systematic Literature Review |
The systemic immune response of Drosophila is known to be induced both by septic injury and by oral infection with certain bacteria , and is characterized by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) into the haemolymph . To investigate other possible routes of bacterial infection , we deposited Erwinia carotovo... | Innate immunity is the first line of antimicrobial defence for vertebrates and the only immune response present in invertebrates such as the fruitfly Drosophila , which provides a powerful model system to study innate immunity . Interestingly , local infections of epithelia like the gut and , in our study , the genital... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2009 | Long-Range Activation of Systemic Immunity through Peptidoglycan Diffusion in Drosophila |
Mosquito sampling during Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) -associated studies , particularly in India , has usually been conducted via aspirators or light traps to catch mosquitoes around cattle , which are dead-end hosts for JEV . High numbers of Culex tritaeniorhynchus , relative to other species , have often been... | The relative numbers of individuals of each mosquito species in an area are important to estimate when identifying species that contribute the most to vector-borne pathogen transmission . However , methods to sample mosquitoes and enumerate the number of individuals collected often vary in their catch efficacy between ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Sampling Design Influences the Observed Dominance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus: Considerations for Future Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission |
Members of the family Coronaviridae have the largest genomes of all RNA viruses , typically in the region of 30 kilobases . Several coronaviruses , such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ( SARS-CoV ) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ( MERS-CoV ) , are of medical importance... | Ribosome profiling is emerging as a powerful technique to monitor translation in living cells at sub-codon resolution . It has particular applicability to virology , with the capacity to identify viral mRNAs that are being translated during infection and to provide new insights into virus gene expression , regulation a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"messenger",
"rna",
"negative-sense",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"genome",
"analysis",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"chemical",
"synthesis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"metho... | 2016 | High-Resolution Analysis of Coronavirus Gene Expression by RNA Sequencing and Ribosome Profiling |
Conservation outcomes are principally achieved through the protection of intact habitat or the restoration of degraded habitat . Restoration is generally considered a lower priority action than protection because protection is thought to provide superior outcomes , at lower costs , without the time delay required for r... | Most species go extinct because humans have cleared their habitat . Habitat loss can also cause people to lose some of the services provided by ecosystems , such as the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or the protection of coastal communities from storm damage . There are two broad strategies for stopping ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Dynamic",
"Conservation",
"Landscape",
"Model"
] | [] | 2015 | Optimal Conservation Outcomes Require Both Restoration and Protection |
Standard statistical approaches for prioritization of variants for functional testing in fine-mapping studies either use marginal association statistics or estimate posterior probabilities for variants to be causal under simplifying assumptions . Here , we present a probabilistic framework that integrates association s... | Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have successfully identified numerous regions in the genome that harbor genetic variants that increase risk for various complex traits and diseases . However , it is generally the case that GWAS risk variants are not themselves causally affecting the trait , but rather , are cor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"locus",
"control",
"region",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"alleles",
"genetic",
"loci"
] | 2014 | Integrating Functional Data to Prioritize Causal Variants in Statistical Fine-Mapping Studies |
Gliomas are a highly heterogeneous group of brain tumours that are refractory to treatment , highly invasive and pro-angiogenic . Glioblastoma patients have an average survival time of less than 15 months . Understanding the molecular basis of different grades of glioma , from well differentiated , low-grade tumours to... | Gliomas are aggressive brain tumours that are invasive , heterogeneous , refractory to treatment and show poor survival rates . Surgical resection and chemotherapy can increase patient survival but ultimately the disease is fatal . Multiple grades of glioma exist , with lower grades associated to better prognosis . Whi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Inference of Low and High-Grade Glioma Gene Regulatory Networks Delineates the Role of Rnd3 in Establishing Multiple Hallmarks of Cancer |
Coq6 is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q , a polyisoprenylated benzoquinone lipid essential to the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain . In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , this putative flavin-dependent monooxygenase is proposed to hydroxylate the benzene ring of coenzyme Q ( ubiqui... | Coenzyme Q is an essential redox active lipid present in most living organisms and in tissues of multicellular eukaryotes , which acts as a key component in the mitochondrial respiratory chain . It consists of an aromatic head and a long hydrophobic isoprenyl chain and is synthesized by several enzymes within an obliga... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: Evidence for a Substrate Access Channel in the FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase Coq6 |
Previous theoretical studies of animal and human behavioral learning have focused on the dichotomy of the value-based strategy using action value functions to predict rewards and the model-based strategy using internal models to predict environmental states . However , animals and humans often take simple procedural be... | The neural mechanism of decision-making , a cognitive process to select one action among multiple possibilities , is a fundamental issue in neuroscience . Previous studies have revealed the roles of the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia in decision-making , by assuming that subjects take a value-based reinforcement... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Parallel Representation of Value-Based and Finite State-Based Strategies in the Ventral and Dorsal Striatum |
Arboviruses cycle through both vertebrates and invertebrates , which requires them to adapt to disparate hosts while maintaining genetic integrity during genome replication . To study the genetic mechanisms and determinants of these processes , we use chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , a re-emerging human pathogen transmitt... | Chikungunya ( CHIKV ) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne virus that constitutes a major and growing human health burden . Like all RNA viruses , during viral replication CHIKV copies its genome using a polymerase that makes an average of one mistake per replication cycle . Therefore , a single virus generates millions of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbial",
"mutation",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"viral",
"enzymes",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"replication",
"viral",
"evolution"
] | 2014 | Alphavirus Mutator Variants Present Host-Specific Defects and Attenuation in Mammalian and Insect Models |
The availability of a robust disease model is essential for the development of countermeasures for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV ) . While a rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV has been established , the lack of uniform , severe disease in this model complicates the analysis of countermeasure stu... | The development of vaccines and treatment strategies is aided by robust animal disease models that accurately depict the illness that is observed in humans . Here we describe a new , improved model for MERS-CoV using the common marmoset , whereby the severe , and even lethal , illness that has been observed in many hum... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"primates",
"animal",
"models",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"marmosets",
"model",
"organisms",
"monkeys",
"new",
"world",
"monkeys",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",... | 2014 | Infection with MERS-CoV Causes Lethal Pneumonia in the Common Marmoset |
To navigate their surroundings , cells rely on sensory input that is corrupted by noise . In cells performing chemotaxis , such noise arises from the stochastic binding of signalling molecules at low chemoattractant concentrations . We reveal a fundamental relationship between the speed of chemotactic steering and the ... | Many cells can navigate upwards a concentration gradient of signalling molecules , a process called chemotaxis . Chemotaxis is used e . g . by sperm cells to find the egg . To measure and compare concentrations , cells count stochastic binding events of signalling molecules that diffuse to cellular receptors . Efficien... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"swimming",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"steering",
"decision",
"making",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"sperm",
"chemotaxis",
"signal",
"processing",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"germ",
"cells... | 2018 | Decision making improves sperm chemotaxis in the presence of noise |
Phlebotomus duboscqi is the principle vector of Leishmania major , the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) , in West Africa and is the suspected vector in Mali . Although found throughout the country the seasonality and infection prevalence of P . duboscqi has not been established in Mali . We conducted a... | Female sand flies transmit a parasite called Leishmania that causes a disease called cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) . Several species of sand flies are found in West Africa , but only one species , Phlebotomus duboscqi , has been proven to transmit the parasite . Cutaneous Leishmaniasis has also been reported from Mali... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"ecology",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Seasonality and Prevalence of Leishmania major Infection in Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire from Two Neighboring Villages in Central Mali |
Recent evidence suggests that the metabolism of some organisms , such as Escherichia coli , is remarkably efficient , producing close to the maximum amount of biomass per unit of nutrient consumed . This observation raises the question of what regulatory mechanisms enable such efficiency . Here , we propose that simple... | Bacteria live in remarkably diverse environments and constantly adapt to changing nutrient conditions . Recent evidence suggests that some bacteria , such as E . coli , are extraordinarily efficient in producing biomass under a variety of different nutrient conditions . This observation raises the question of what phys... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"microbiology"
] | 2010 | Achieving Optimal Growth through Product Feedback Inhibition in Metabolism |
The pathway for RNA interference is widespread in metazoans and participates in numerous cellular tasks , from gene silencing to chromatin remodeling and protection against retrotransposition . The unicellular eukaryote Trypanosoma cruzi is missing the canonical RNAi pathway and is unable to induce RNAi-related process... | Chagas' disease is a major health problem in Latin America and is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . T . cruzi lacks the pathway for RNA interference , which is widespread among eukaryotes , and is therefore unable to induce RNAi-related processes . In many organisms , small RNAs play an important rol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | The Short Non-Coding Transcriptome of the Protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi |
The BARD1 protein , which heterodimerizes with BRCA1 , is encoded by a known breast cancer susceptibility gene . While several BARD1 variants have been identified as pathogenic , many more missense variants exist that do not occur frequently enough to assign a clinical risk . In this paper , whole exome sequencing of o... | BARD1 is a breast cancer susceptibility gene encoding a protein that primarily interacts with BRCA1 in DNA repair . Although several BARD1 variants are known to be pathogenic , many more variants do not occur frequently enough to assign a clinical risk . In this paper , we identified 76 potentially cancer-associated BA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"3'",
"utr",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"messenger",
"rna",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"oncology",
"dna",
"damage",
"ankyrin",
"repeat",
"domains",
"untranslated",
"regions",
"dna",
"co... | 2019 | Functional analysis of BARD1 missense variants in homology-directed repair and damage sensitivity |
Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Malawi but estimates of its prevalence vary widely . There is need for updated information on the extent of disease burden , communities at risk and factors associated with infection at the district and sub-district level to facilitate effective prioritization and monitorin... | Schistosoma hematobium infection is a parasitic infection endemic in Malawi . Schistosomiasis usually shows a focal distribution of infection and it is important to identify communities at high risk of infection and assess effectiveness of control programs . We conducted a survey in one district in Malawi to determine ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Prevalence Distribution and Risk Factors for Schistosoma hematobium Infection among School Children in Blantyre, Malawi |
Edwardsiella piscicida is a leading fish pathogen that causes significant economic loses in the aquaculture industry . The pathogen depends on type III and type VI secretion systems ( T3/T6SS ) for growth and virulence in fish and the expression of both systems is controlled by the EsrB transcription activator . Here ,... | Edwardsiella piscicida , a major fish pathogen , relies on T3/T6SSs for virulence and the EsrB transcription activator promotes the expression of these secretion systems and many other genes that enable growth in fish . Here , we found that the alternative sigma factor RpoS inhibits expression of esrB thereby diminishi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"regulator",
"genes",
"enterobacteriaceae",
"genetic",
"elements",
"gene",
"types",
... | 2018 | Critical role for a promoter discriminator in RpoS control of virulence in Edwardsiella piscicida |
Lowe Syndrome is a developmental disorder characterized by eye , kidney , and neurological pathologies , and is caused by mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphatase OCRL . OCRL plays diverse roles in endocytic and endolysosomal trafficking , cytokinesis , and ciliogenesis , but it is unclear which of these cel... | Lowe syndrome is a developmental disorder characterized by severe kidney , eye , and neurological symptoms , and is caused by mutations in the gene OCRL . OCRL has been shown to control many steps of packaging and transport of materials within cells , though it remains unclear which of these disrupted transport steps c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"vesicles",
"immunology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"endosomes",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"life",
... | 2017 | dOCRL maintains immune cell quiescence by regulating endosomal traffic |
Plasmodium relapses are attributed to the activation of dormant liver-stage parasites and are responsible for a significant number of recurring malaria blood-stage infections . While characteristic of human infections caused by P . vivax and P . ovale , their relative contribution to malaria disease burden and transmis... | Plasmodium vivax contributes significantly to global malaria morbidity and remains a major obstacle for malaria elimination due to its ability to form dormant stages in the liver . These forms can become activated to cause relapsing blood-stage infections . Relapses remain poorly understood because it is difficult to v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"immune",
"cells",
"plasmodium",
"gametocytes",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"mammals",
... | 2019 | Humoral immunity prevents clinical malaria during Plasmodium relapses without eliminating gametocytes |
Cells and tissues are exposed to stress from numerous sources . Senescence is a protective mechanism that prevents malignant tissue changes and constitutes a fundamental mechanism of aging . It can be accompanied by a senescence associated secretory phenotype ( SASP ) that causes chronic inflammation . We present a Boo... | The senescence associated secretory phenotype is developed by cells undergoing permanent cell cycle arrest . This phenotype is characterized by the secretion of a variety of factors that facilitate tissue breakdown and inflammation and is therefore theorized to , in part , be causal for aging and age-related diseases .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"senescence",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"fibroblasts",
"dna",
"damage",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"network",
... | 2017 | A model of the onset of the senescence associated secretory phenotype after DNA damage induced senescence |
Leprosy is endemic in large part of Brazil with 28 , 761 new patients in 2015 , the second largest number worldwide and reaches 9/10 . 000 in highly endemic regions and 2 . 7/10 . 000 in the city of Fortaleza , Ceará , Northeast Brazil . For better understanding of risk factors for leprosy transmission , we conducted a... | Leprosy is a transmissible disease that is still endemic in several countries including in Brazil , a country with highly variable region associated incidence of disease . Fortaleza is a city in Northeast Brazil with high incidence and conventional epidemiology studies are suggestive for high levels of recent transmiss... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"biopsy",
"population",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedure... | 2017 | Genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae for better understanding of leprosy transmission in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil |
Iron is essential for life . Accessing iron from the environment can be a limiting factor that determines success in a given environmental niche . For bacteria , access of chelated iron from the environment is often mediated by TonB-dependent transporters ( TBDTs ) , which are β-barrel proteins that form sophisticated ... | Earth’s carbon cycle depends on saprophytic microbes to rot old or diseased plant matter and recycle carbon from that biomass . Some bacteria ( phytopathogens ) have evolved to cause disease and rot in even healthy plants and may have utility as biological control agents against noxious weeds . To understand the mechan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"crystal",
"structure",
"markov",
"models",
"enzymes",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"crystals",
"plant",
"science",
"mathematics",
"outer",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"materials",
"science",
"plant",
"pathology",
"crystallography",
... | 2018 | FusC, a member of the M16 protease family acquired by bacteria for iron piracy against plants |
The vertebrate cranium is a prime example of the high evolvability of complex traits . While evidence of genes and developmental pathways underlying craniofacial shape determination is accumulating , we are still far from understanding how such variation at the genetic level is translated into craniofacial shape variat... | Formation of the face , mandible , and skull is determined in part by genetic factors , but the relationship between genetic variation and craniofacial development is not well understood . We demonstrate how recent advances in mouse genomics and statistical methods can be used to identify genes involved in craniofacial... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mapping of Craniofacial Traits in Outbred Mice Identifies Major Developmental Genes Involved in Shape Determination |
Accurate quantitative assessment of infection with soil transmitted helminths and protozoa is key to the interpretation of epidemiologic studies of these parasites , as well as for monitoring large scale treatment efficacy and effectiveness studies . As morbidity and transmission of helminth infections are directly rel... | Gastrointestinal parasites including soil-transmitted helminths cause considerable morbidity worldwide , especially in resource-poor communities . Large-scale epidemiologic and treatment efficacy studies are regularly undertaken to determine the optimum ways to reduce or eliminate parasites from endemic communities , t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"giardia",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"necator",
"americanus",
"health",
"care",
"ascaris",
"protozoans",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"morbidity",
"research",
"and",
... | 2016 | Application of a Multiplex Quantitative PCR to Assess Prevalence and Intensity Of Intestinal Parasite Infections in a Controlled Clinical Trial |
In Latin America , there are 13 geographically isolated endemic foci distributed among Mexico , Guatemala , Colombia , Venezuela , Brazil and Ecuador . The communities of the three endemic foci found within Mexico have been receiving ivermectin treatment since 1989 . In this study , we predicted the trend of occurrence... | Mexico is one of the countries where human onchocerciasis ( river blindness ) can be found in Latin America . In 1989 , the onchocerciasis program in Mexico started the treatment with ivermectin only for symptomatic individuals and then mass distribution of ivermectin was initiated for all eligible residents from 1994 ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"public",
"health"
] | 2013 | Time Series Analysis of Onchocerciasis Data from Mexico: A Trend towards Elimination |
Toll-like receptors ( TLR ) and cytokines play a central role in the pathogen clearance as well as in pathological processes . Recently , we reported that TLR2 , TLR4 and TLR9 are differentially modulated in injured livers from BALB/c and C57BL/6 ( B6 ) mice during Trypanosoma cruzi infection . However , the molecular ... | Trypanosoma cruzi , an obligate intracellular protozoan , is the etiological agent of Chagas Disease that represents an important public health burden in Latin America . The infection with this parasite can lead to severe complications in cardiac , liver and gastrointestinal tissue depending on the strain of parasite a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Importance of TLR2 on Hepatic Immune and Non-Immune Cells to Attenuate the Strong Inflammatory Liver Response During Trypanosoma cruzi Acute Infection |
The interplay of microbiota and the human host is physiologically crucial in health and diseases . The beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria ( LAB ) , permanently colonizing the human intestine or transiently obtained from food , have been extensively reported . However , the molecular understanding of how LAB mod... | Although it has been known for 15 years that HCA3 is present in humans and other hominids but absent in all other mammals , no study so far aimed to understand why HCA3 was functionally preserved during evolution . Here , we take advantage of evolutionary analyses which we combine with functional assays of hominid HCA3... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"urine",
"primates",
"metabolites",
"gibbons",
"digestive",
"system",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"ev... | 2019 | Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria present in fermented foods are highly potent agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 |
Efficient HTLV-1 viral transmission occurs through cell-to-cell contacts . The Tax viral transcriptional activator protein facilitates this process . Using a comparative transcriptomic analysis , we recently identified a series of genes up-regulated in HTLV-1 Tax expressing T-lymphocytes . We focused our attention towa... | HTLV-1 was the first human oncoretrovirus to be discovered . Five to ten million people are infected , and 1–6% will develop either Adult T-cell Leukemia , or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy ( TSP/HAM ) . HTLV-1 infects primarily T-cells , but dendritic cells were also found to carry proviruse... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"virology",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Gem-Induced Cytoskeleton Remodeling Increases Cellular Migration of HTLV-1-Infected Cells, Formation of Infected-to-Target T-Cell Conjugates and Viral Transmission |
Replicating recombinant vector vaccines consist of a fully competent viral vector backbone engineered to express an antigen from a foreign transgene . From the perspective of viral replication , the transgene is not only dispensable but may even be detrimental . Thus vaccine revertants that delete or inactivate the tra... | Recombinant vector vaccines are live replicating viruses that are engineered to carry extra genes derived from a pathogen—and these extra genes produce proteins against which we want to generate immunity . These vaccine genomes may evolve to lose the extra genes during the process of manufacture of the vaccine or durin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"viral",
"vaccines",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"evolutionary",
"immunology",
"viral",
"evolution",
"... | 2019 | Recombinant vector vaccine evolution |
Plant protein kinases form redundant signaling pathways to perceive microbial pathogens and activate immunity . Bacterial pathogens repress cellular immune responses by secreting effectors , some of which bind and inhibit multiple host kinases . To understand how broadly bacterial effectors may bind protein kinases and... | Some bacterial pathogens secrete virulence factors called effectors , which influence host tissues during infection . The impact of such bacterial effectors on the transmission of immune signals in plants remains poorly understood . In this study , we developed an integrative network approach to discover interactions b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"signaling",
"networks",
"microbiology",
"cell-mediated",
"immunity",
"network",
"analysis",
"plants",
"flowering",
"p... | 2018 | Integrative network-centric approach reveals signaling pathways associated with plant resistance and susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae |
Human IgG1 antibody responses are associated with protection against Schistosoma haematobium infection and are now a target for schistosome vaccine development . This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total IgG and the IgG subclasses and the monocyte IgG receptor , known as FcγRIIIa or CD16 , in schis... | Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the parasite Schistosoma spp . Over 240 million people are infected worldwide , mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa , but an efficacious , protective vaccine has yet to be found . Protection against schistosome infection in individuals living in endemic areas is mediated by ant... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"humoral",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"immune",
"cells",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"parasitology",
"antibodies",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",... | 2014 | CD16 Expression on Monocytes in Healthy Individuals but Not Schistosome-Infected Patients Is Positively Associated with Levels of Parasite-Specific IgG and IgG1 |
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) causes several tumors and hyperproliferative disorders . Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors ( HIFs ) activate latent and lytic KSHV genes , and several KSHV proteins increase the cellular levels of HIF . Here , we used RNA sequencing , qRT-PCR , Taqman assays , and path... | Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is an oncogenic herpesvirus known to cause several tumors and hyperproliferative disorders . While there has been reports of KSHV activating and increasing hypoxia-inducible factors ( HIFs ) , this is the first report investigating and establishing the extent to which KSHV... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"pulmonology",
"viruses",
"micrornas",
"dna",
"viruses",
"hypoxia",
"molecular",
"b... | 2017 | RNA Sequencing Reveals that Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection Mimics Hypoxia Gene Expression Signature |
Coincidence detector neurons transmit timing information by responding preferentially to concurrent synaptic inputs . Principal cells of the medial superior olive ( MSO ) in the mammalian auditory brainstem are superb coincidence detectors . They encode sound source location with high temporal precision , distinguishin... | Brain cells ( neurons ) are spatially extended structures . The locations at which neurons receive inputs and generate outputs are often distinct . We formulate and study a minimal mathematical model that describes the dynamical coupling between the input and output regions of a neuron . We construct our model to refle... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"pharmacologic",
"analysis",
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dendritic",
"structure",
"auditory",
"nerves",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"compartment",
... | 2019 | Soma-axon coupling configurations that enhance neuronal coincidence detection |
Bacterial growth depends crucially on metabolic fluxes , which are limited by the cell’s capacity to maintain metabolic enzymes . The necessary enzyme amount per unit flux is a major determinant of metabolic strategies both in evolution and bioengineering . It depends on enzyme parameters ( such as kcat and KM constant... | “Enzyme cost” , the amount of protein needed for a given metabolic flux , is crucial for the metabolic choices cells have to make . However , due to the technical limitations of linear optimization methods , this cost has traditionally been ignored by constraint-based metabolic models such as Flux Balance Analysis . On... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"metabolism",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"metabolites",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"enzyme",
"kinetics",
"thermodynamics",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"proteins",
"metabolic",
"pathways",
"metabolism",
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"cats",... | 2016 | The Protein Cost of Metabolic Fluxes: Prediction from Enzymatic Rate Laws and Cost Minimization |
The skin secretion of many amphibians contains an arsenal of bioactive molecules , including hormone-like peptides ( HLPs ) acting as defense toxins against predators , and antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) providing protection against infectious microorganisms . Several amphibian taxa seem to have independently acquired... | Many amphibians defend themselves against predation and infections by secreting a mixture of gene-encoded toxins and antimicrobials . How does such an integrated defense weapon arise and how does it diversify to gain distinct antipredatory and antimicrobial functions ? We took advantage of the availability of a sequenc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"zoology",
"biology",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Origin and Functional Diversification of an Amphibian Defense Peptide Arsenal |
Myelin is required for proper nervous system function . Schwann cells in developing nerves depend on extrinsic signals from the axon and from the extracellular matrix to first sort and ensheathe a single axon and then myelinate it . Neuregulin 1 type III ( Nrg1III ) and laminin α2β1γ1 ( Lm211 ) are the key axonal and m... | Myelin is formed by the wrapping of glial cell membranes around axons and is required for the fast conduction of nerve impulses and to support axons . In the peripheral nervous system , myelin is produced by Schwann cells . Peripheral myelin defects cause debilitating diseases , whose molecular pathogeneses are only pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"neuroscience",
"signal",
"inhibition",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"protein",
"kinase",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"animal",
"cells",
"axons",
"proteins",
"biochemistry",
"signal",
"transduction",
"ce... | 2017 | Laminin 211 inhibits protein kinase A in Schwann cells to modulate neuregulin 1 type III-driven myelination |
Methodology to estimate malaria incidence rates from a commonly occurring form of interval-censored longitudinal parasitological data—specifically , 2-wave panel data—was first proposed 40 years ago based on the theory of continuous-time homogeneous Markov Chains . Assumptions of the methodology were suitable for setti... | Incidence rates measure the transitions between the states of noninfected to infected per unit of time and per person at risk . Usually calculated from longitudinal observations , they provide an indication of how rapidly a disease develops in a population over time . In the context of malaria , longitudinal data on in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"markov",
"models",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"antimalarials",
"mathematics",
"protozoans",
"pha... | 2016 | Malaria Incidence Rates from Time Series of 2-Wave Panel Surveys |
Translesion synthesis ( TLS ) enables DNA replication through damaged bases , increases cellular DNA damage tolerance , and maintains genomic stability . The sliding clamp PCNA and the adaptor polymerase Rev1 coordinate polymerase switching during TLS . The polymerases Pol η , ι , and κ insert nucleotides opposite dama... | DNA translesion synthesis ( TLS ) allows the DNA replication machinery to replicate past damaged bases , thus increasing cellular tolerance for DNA damage and maintaining genomic stability . Suppression of TLS is expected to enhance the efficacy of the anti-cancer drug , cisplatin . TLS employs a special set of DNA pol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | The Transcription Factor TFII-I Promotes DNA Translesion Synthesis and Genomic Stability |
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( EHEC ) is one major type of contagious and foodborne pathogens . The type VI secretion system ( T6SS ) has been shown to be involved in the bacterial pathogenicity and bacteria-bacteria competition . Here , we show that EHEC could secrete a novel effector KatN , a Mn-containing cata... | The type VI secretion system ( T6SS ) is a specific macromolecular protein export apparatus , and widely distributed in Gram-negative bacteria . Generally , T6SS has been shown to play an important role in anti-bacterial competition and virulence to eukaryotic hosts . Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( EHEC ) can cau... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"physiological",
"processes",
"bac... | 2017 | Type VI secretion system contributes to Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence by secreting catalase against host reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids . Most transmissions occur through sexual acts , making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors . We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection , and we propose t... | The work described in this report is directed at how HIV-1 viral RNA populations differ between the blood plasma and male genital tract in established infection . This site is of special interest since it is the proximal source of most transmissions of HIV-1 . Thus , lessons learned about HIV-1 in the seminal tract are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"molecular",
"biology",
"virology/vaccines"
] | 2010 | HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms |
Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy ( ADTLE ) is a focal epilepsy syndrome caused by mutations in the LGI1 gene , which encodes a secreted protein . Most ADLTE-causing mutations inhibit LGI1 protein secretion , and only a few secretion-positive missense mutations have been reported . Here we describe the effec... | Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy . It is frequently associated with structural brain abnormalities , but genetic forms caused by mutations in major genes have also been described . Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy ( ADLTE ) is a familial condition characterized by focal seizu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"transport",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protein",
"interactions",
"cell",
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"physiological",
"processes",
"mutation",
"substitution",
"mutation",
"immunoprecipitation",
"co-immunoprecipitation",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles... | 2016 | Secretion-Positive LGI1 Mutations Linked to Lateral Temporal Epilepsy Impair Binding to ADAM22 and ADAM23 Receptors |
The procambium and cambium are meristematic tissues from which vascular tissue is derived . Vascular initials differentiate into phloem towards the outside of the stem and xylem towards the inside . A small peptide derived from CLV-3/ESR1-LIKE 41 ( CLE41 ) is thought to promote cell divisions in vascular meristems by s... | Plants transport water and nutrients throughout their bodies using a specialised vascular system . Vascular tissue is also responsible for providing structural support to plants; for example , wood is made up of specialised vascular cells . Consequently , the vascular system constitutes the majority of plant biomass . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"plant",
"biology",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2012 | Plant Vascular Cell Division Is Maintained by an Interaction between PXY and Ethylene Signalling |
During the replication cycle of double-stranded ( ds ) RNA viruses , the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRP ) replicates and transcribes the viral genome from within the viral capsid . How the RdRP molecules are packaged within the virion and how they function within the confines of an intact capsid are intrigui... | Viral polymerases replicate the genome of the virus , which is essential for the synthesis of the progeny . All double-stranded ( dsRNA ) viruses have virion-associated polymerases that catalyze RNA synthesis within an intact capsid . Picobirnavirus ( PBV ) is a small dsRNA virus , and it has been shown that the capsid... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"viruses",
"polymerases",
"rna",
"viruses",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"microbial",... | 2016 | Initiation of RNA Polymerization and Polymerase Encapsidation by a Small dsRNA Virus |
Biological systems can share and collectively process information to yield emergent effects , despite inherent noise in communication . While man-made systems often employ intricate structural solutions to overcome noise , the structure of many biological systems is more amorphous . It is not well understood how commun... | Biological systems must function despite inherent noise in their communication . Systems that enjoy structural stability , such as biological neural networks , could potentially overcome noise using simple redundancy-based procedures . However , when individuals have little control over who they interact with , it is u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"collective",
"animal",
"behavior",
"invertebrates",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"habits",
"animal",
"behavior",
"deserts",
"social",
"communication",
"zoology",
"nesting",
"habits",
"computer",
"and",
"in... | 2018 | Limits on reliable information flows through stochastic populations |
A gene expression atlas is an essential resource to quantify and understand the multiscale processes of embryogenesis in time and space . The automated reconstruction of a prototypic 4D atlas for vertebrate early embryos , using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with nuclear counterstain , requires dedicate... | We propose a workflow to map the expression domains of multiple genes onto a series of 3D templates , or “atlas” , during early embryogenesis . It was applied to the zebrafish at different stages between 4 and 6 . 3 hpf , generating 6 templates . Our system overcomes the lack of significant morphological landmarks in e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"vertebrates",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"zebrafish",
"fishes",
"gene",
"mapping",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"image",
"processing",
"signal",
"processing",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"computation... | 2014 | A Digital Framework to Build, Visualize and Analyze a Gene Expression Atlas with Cellular Resolution in Zebrafish Early Embryogenesis |
Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable invertebrate model for viral infection and antiviral immunity , and is a focus for studies of insect-virus coevolution . Here we use a metagenomic approach to identify more than 20 previously undetected RNA viruses and a DNA virus associated with wild D . melanogaster . These virus... | The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is extensively used as a model species for molecular biology and genetics . It is also widely studied for its evolutionary history , helping us understand how natural selection has shaped the genome . Drosophila research has been particularly valuable in determining how the insect ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Discovery, Distribution, and Evolution of Viruses Associated with Drosophila melanogaster |
The level of available iron in the mammalian host is extremely low , and pathogenic microbes must compete with host proteins such as transferrin for iron . Iron regulation of gene expression , including genes encoding iron uptake functions and virulence factors , is critical for the pathogenesis of the fungus Cryptococ... | Opportunistic fungal pathogens and other invading microbes must overcome extreme iron limitation to proliferate in the mammalian host . It is not yet known which iron sources are preferred by fungal pathogens of mammals , although the mechanisms of acquisition are beginning to be explored . Some fungi produce iron-chel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"yeast",
"and",
"fungi",
"cell",
"biology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | Iron Source Preference and Regulation of Iron Uptake in Cryptococcus neoformans |
The utilization of symbols such as words and numbers as mental tools endows humans with unrivalled cognitive flexibility . In the number domain , a fundamental first step for the acquisition of numerical symbols is the semantic association of signs with cardinalities . We explored the primitives of such a semantic mapp... | We use symbols , such as numbers , as mental tools for abstract and precise representations . Humans share with animals a language-independent system for representing numerical quantity , but number symbols are learned during childhood . A first step in the acquisition of number symbols constitutes an association of si... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2007 | Semantic Associations between Signs and Numerical Categories in the Prefrontal Cortex |
Paracoccidiodomycosis ( PCM ) is a clinically important fungal disease that can acquire serious systemic forms and is caused by the thermodimorphic fungal Paracoccidioides spp . PCM is a tropical disease that is endemic in Latin America , where up to ten million people are infected; 80% of reported cases occur in Brazi... | The fungal genus Paracoccidioides is the causal agent of paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , a neglected tropical disease that is endemic in several countries of South America . Paracoccidioides is a pathogenic dimorphic fungus that is capable of converting to a virulent yeast form after inhalation by the host . Therefore... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"fungal",
"genomics",
"mycology",
"bioinformatics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"database",
"and",
"informatics",
"methods",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"software-aided",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"research",... | 2014 | Genome Update of the Dimorphic Human Pathogenic Fungi Causing Paracoccidioidomycosis |
Small RNAs ( sRNAs ) are becoming increasingly recognized as important regulators in bacteria . To investigate the contribution of sRNA mediated regulation to virulence in Vibrio cholerae , we performed high throughput sequencing of cDNA generated from sRNA transcripts isolated from a strain ectopically expressing ToxT... | Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera , which remains a significant public health issue in Africa , South Asia and recently Haiti . To better understand virulence gene regulation in V . cholerae we sought to investigate the contribution of small non-coding regulatory RNAs ( sRNAs ) to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"gram",
"negative",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2011 | A Genome-Wide Approach to Discovery of Small RNAs Involved in Regulation of Virulence in Vibrio cholerae |
Dengue virus NS5 protein plays multiple functions in the cytoplasm of infected cells , enabling viral RNA replication and counteracting host antiviral responses . Here , we demonstrate a novel function of NS5 in the nucleus where it interferes with cellular splicing . Using global proteomic analysis of infected cells t... | Mapping host-pathogen interactions has proven fundamental for understanding how viruses manipulate host machinery and how cellular processes are regulated during infection . Dengue virus poses a major threat to public health: two-thirds of the world’s population is now at risk from infection by this mosquito-borne viru... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"gene",
"regulation",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"alternative",
"splicing",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"small",
"interfering",
"rnas",
"genome",
"complexity",
"gene",
"expr... | 2016 | The Dengue Virus NS5 Protein Intrudes in the Cellular Spliceosome and Modulates Splicing |
Cilia have a unique diffusion barrier ( “gate” ) within their proximal region , termed transition zone ( TZ ) , that compartmentalises signalling proteins within the organelle . The TZ is known to harbour two functional modules/complexes ( Meckel syndrome [MKS] and Nephronophthisis [NPHP] ) defined by genetic interacti... | The primary cilium is a structure found in most animal cell types . Much like an antenna , it is responsible for sensing extracellular signals , including light and small molecules , and conveying this information to the receiving cell and respective tissue or organ . At the base of the cilium is the transition zone ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"caenorhabditis",
"animals",
"fibroblasts",
"animal",
"models",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"genetic",
"interactions",
"cellular",
"st... | 2016 | MKS5 and CEP290 Dependent Assembly Pathway of the Ciliary Transition Zone |
Most part of Southeast Asia is considered endemic for human-infecting Taenia tapeworms; Taenia solium , T . saginata , and T . asiatica . However , until now there was no report of the occurrence of human cases of T . asiatica in Lao PDR . This study , conducted in Savannakhet Province , Lao PDR , microscopically exami... | Southeast Asian Countries are endemic for several foodborne and soil-transmitted helminths occurring in different levels and areas , depending on environmental and cultural conditions . This study aimed to study the soil-transmitted helminths ( STHs ) and foodborne parasites in Savannakhet Province of Lao PDR , borderi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"lao",
"people",
"education",
"mitochondrial",
"dna",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"ethnicities",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"b... | 2018 | Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Taenia asiatica, their hybrids and other helminthic infections occurring in a neglected tropical diseases' highly endemic area in Lao PDR |
Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis ( PKDL ) is a sequel of Visceral Leishmaniasis ( VL ) . The patients act as a reservoir for the causative parasite ( i . e . Leishmania donovani ) and thus should be diagnosed and treated with the utmost urgency to prevent the transmission of the disease . In this study , we tried to... | PKDL is a sequel of VL , which acts as a source of leishmaniasis and should be diagnosed and treated at the earliest possible time to prevent disease transmission . In Bangladesh during the period from May 2016 to October 2017 , a total of 5 patients were diagnosed to have Miltefosine induced unilateral ophthalmic comp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"physicians",
"medical",
"doctors",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"medical",
"personnel",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"research",
"design",
"health",
... | 2018 | Corneal complications following Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis treatment |
Astrocytes integrate and process synaptic information and exhibit calcium ( Ca2+ ) signals in response to incoming information from neighboring synapses . The generation of Ca2+ signals is mostly attributed to Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores evoked by an elevated metabotropic glutamate receptor ( mGluR ) activit... | Astrocytes are considered as active partners in neural information processing , because they integrate and process synaptic information and control synaptic transmission . Neuronal transmitter release induces the generation of Ca2+ signals in astrocytes . The functional role of astrocytic Ca2+ signals is still under de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"action",
"potentials",
"nervous",
"system",
"astrocytes",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"cell",
"processes",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"macroglial",
"cells",
"neurotransmitters",
"... | 2017 | Spatial separation of two different pathways accounting for the generation of calcium signals in astrocytes |
Fast-spiking ( FS ) cells in the neocortex are interconnected both by inhibitory chemical synapses and by electrical synapses , or gap-junctions . Synchronized firing of FS neurons is important in the generation of gamma oscillations , at frequencies between 30 and 80 Hz . To understand how these synaptic interactions ... | Oscillations of the electrical field in the brain at 30–80 Hz ( gamma oscillations ) reflect coordinated firing of neurons during cognitive , sensory , and motor activity , and are thought to be a key phenomenon in the organization of neural processing in the cortex . Synchronous firing of a particular type of neuron ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2010 | Synchronization of Firing in Cortical Fast-Spiking Interneurons at Gamma Frequencies: A Phase-Resetting Analysis |
JC virus is a member of the Polyomavirus family of DNA tumor viruses and the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( PML ) . PML is a disease that occurs primarily in people who are immunocompromised and is usually fatal . As with other Polyomavirus family members , the replication of JC virus (... | Polyomaviruses have been invaluable tools for biomedical research into basic cellular processes . It is becoming increasingly clear , however , that members of this family are also involved in human diseases , particularly among the immunocompromised and the elderly . The subject of this study , the JC virus ( JCV ) , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"dna",
"replication",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"proteins",
"virology",
"protein",
"structure",
"dna",
"biology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"replication",
"biophysics"
] | 2014 | Insights into the Initiation of JC Virus DNA Replication Derived from the Crystal Structure of the T-Antigen Origin Binding Domain |
Bothrops atrox snakes are the leading cause of snake bites in Northern Brazil . The venom of this snake is not included in the antigen pool used to obtain the Bothrops antivenom . There are discrepancies in reports on the effectiveness of this antivenom to treat victims bitten by B . atrox snakes . However , these stud... | Bothrops atrox is the dominant species responsible for accidental human snake bites in Northern Brazil . The efficacy of antivenom therapy to correct the systemic disturbances , including hemostatic disorders , caused by Brazilian Bothrops is well known . However , two fundamental issues need to be addressed in this re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"fibrinogen",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"muscle",
"regeneration",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism"... | 2017 | Experimental Bothrops atrox envenomation: Efficacy of antivenom therapy and the combination of Bothrops antivenom with dexamethasone |
Intracellular Local Ca releases ( LCRs ) from sarcoplasmic reticulum ( SR ) regulate cardiac pacemaker cell function by activation of electrogenic Na/Ca exchanger ( NCX ) during diastole . Prior studies demonstrated the existence of powerful compensatory mechanisms of LCR regulation via a complex local cross-talk of Ca... | Life’s vital rhythm , the heartbeat is guaranteed by specialized , cardiac pacemaker cells . Based upon the Hodgkin-Huxley membrane excitation theory and its application to cardiac cells , the cardiac pacemaker clock has been , for a long time , to be considered essentially a surface membrane oscillator , i . e . a mem... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"depolarization",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"ion",
"channels",
"mathematics",
"pace... | 2017 | Stabilization of diastolic calcium signal via calcium pump regulation of complex local calcium releases and transient decay in a computational model of cardiac pacemaker cell with individual release channels |
Human neutrophil antigen 2 ( HNA-2 ) deficiency is a common phenotype as 3–5% humans do not express HNA-2 . HNA-2 is coded by CD177 gene that associates with human myeloproliferative disorders . HNA-2 deficient individuals are prone to produce HNA-2 alloantibodies that cause a number of disorders including transfusion-... | Human neutrophil antigen 2 ( HNA-2 ) is coded by CD177 gene that involves in human myeloproliferative disorders . HNA-2 expression varies among humans and about 3–5% people lack HNA-2 expression . HNA-2 deficient people are susceptible to produce HNA-2 alloantibodies , which play a pathological role in various human di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Genetic Mechanism of Human Neutrophil Antigen 2 Deficiency and Expression Variations |
Natronomonas pharaonis is an archaeon adapted to two extreme conditions: high salt concentration and alkaline pH . It has become one of the model organisms for the study of extremophilic life . Here , we present a genome-scale , manually curated metabolic reconstruction for the microorganism . The reconstruction itself... | Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental , even lethal , to the majority of life on Earth . Natronomonas pharaonis is one that has been able to adapt to both high salt concentration and an alkaline pH . In this study , we investigate the chemical rea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks"
] | 2010 | Characterization of Growth and Metabolism of the Haloalkaliphile Natronomonas pharaonis |
The zebrafish adult pigment pattern has emerged as a useful model for understanding the development and evolution of adult form as well as pattern-forming mechanisms more generally . In this species , a series of horizontal melanophore stripes arises during the larval-to-adult transformation , but the genetic and cellu... | Vertebrate pigment patterns are stunningly diverse and have been an important model of pattern formation for more than a century . Nevertheless , we still know remarkably little about the genes and cell behaviors that underlie the generation of specific patterns . To elucidate such mechanisms , a large number of pigmen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Melanophore Migration and Survival during Zebrafish Adult Pigment Stripe Development Require the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Adhesion Molecule Igsf11 |
A model of the gene-regulatory-network ( GRN ) , governing growth , survival , and differentiation of melanocytes , has emerged from studies of mouse coat color mutants and melanoma cell lines . In this model , Transcription Factor Activator Protein 2 alpha ( TFAP2A ) contributes to melanocyte development by activating... | Neural crest-derived pigment cells , known as melanocytes , are important to an organism's survival because they protect skin cells from ultraviolet radiation , camouflage the organism from predators , and contribute to sexual selection . Networks of regulatory proteins control the steps of melanocyte development , inc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Differentiation of Zebrafish Melanophores Depends on Transcription Factors AP2 Alpha and AP2 Epsilon |
Alternative splicing is commonly used by the Metazoa to generate more than one protein from a gene . However , such diversification of the proteome by alternative splicing is much rarer in fungi . We describe here an ancient fungal alternative splicing event in which these two proteins are generated from a single alter... | The role of duplicated genes in originating new functions is an important question in evolution . Almost all species have duplicated genes that carry out similar but not identical functions . Similar proteins that perform different functions can also be generated when one gene generates multiple mRNAs by alternative sp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Alternative Splicing and Subfunctionalization Generates Functional Diversity in Fungal Proteomes |
The covalent attachment of adenosine monophosphate ( AMP ) to proteins , a process called AMPylation ( adenylylation ) , has recently emerged as a novel theme in microbial pathogenesis . Although several AMPylating enzymes have been characterized , the only known virulence protein with de-AMPylation activity is SidD fr... | The covalent attachment of adenosine monophosphate ( AMP ) to proteins , a process called AMPylation ( adenylylation ) , has recently emerged as a novel theme in microbial pathogenesis . While AMPylases from various pathogenic microorganisms have recently been characterized , the only virulence protein with de-AMPylati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"cellular",
"structures",
"subcellular",
"organelles",
"enzymes",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"processes",
"legionella",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"ras",
"sign... | 2013 | Structural Basis for Rab1 De-AMPylation by the Legionella pneumophila Effector SidD |
Singapore experiences endemic dengue , with 2013 being the largest outbreak year known to date , culminating in 22 , 170 cases . Given the limited resources available , and that vector control is the key approach for prevention in Singapore , it is important that public health professionals know where resources should ... | Dengue fever , the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease today , is caused by Dengue virus ( DENV ) and transmitted to human by Aedes mosquitoes , primarily the Ae . aegypti and Ae . albopictus . The key approach to mitigating dengue transmission is to control the Aedes population , and this often involve vector ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"animals",
"geoinformatics",
"singapore",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors... | 2018 | Mapping dengue risk in Singapore using Random Forest |
Chagas disease , caused by the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , claims 50 , 000 lives annually and is the leading cause of infectious myocarditis in the world . As current antichagastic therapies like nifurtimox and benznidazole are highly toxic , ineffective at parasite eradication , and subject to increasing ... | Chagas disease , an infection that afflicts millions of people in Central and South America , is caused by the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . In the chronic stage of the disease , patients' hearts are adversely affected . Chagas is the leading cause of infectious heart disease in the world . The current drugs... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biochemistry/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"biochemistry/... | 2010 | Computational Identification of Uncharacterized Cruzain Binding Sites |
Individual differences in brain functional networks may be related to complex personal identifiers , including health , age , and ability . Dynamic network theory has been used to identify properties of dynamic brain function from fMRI data , but the majority of analyses and findings remain at the level of the group . ... | Complex patterns of activity in each individual human brain generate the unique range of thoughts and behaviors that person experiences . Individual differences in ability , age , state of mind , and other characteristics are tied to differences in brain activity , but determination of the exact nature of these relatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"neural",
"networks",
"demography",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"regression",
... | 2016 | Individual Differences in Dynamic Functional Brain Connectivity across the Human Lifespan |
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) latently infects host cells and establishes lifelong persistence as an extra-chromosomal episome in the nucleus . To persist in proliferating cells , the viral genome typically replicates once per cell cycle and is distributed into daughter cells . This process involves ... | KSHV latently infects cells and establishes lifelong persistence , but the underlying mechanisms of this process has not been fully elucidated . Here , we find a novel host protein NDRG1 is highly up-regulated by KSHV infection and the viral protein LANA is essential in this process . NDRG1 is a multiple functional pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"viruses",
"dna",
"replication",
"dna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"genome",
"dna",
"constructio... | 2019 | NDRG1 facilitates the replication and persistence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by interacting with the DNA polymerase clamp PCNA |
Natural killer ( NK ) cells are essential immune cells against several pathogens . Not much is known regarding the roll of NK cells in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection . Thus , this study aims to determine the level , function , and clinical relevance of NK cells in patients with scrub typhus . This study enrolled fift... | Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium . It primarily invades endothelial cells , macrophages , monocytes , and dendritic cells . Plasma concentrations of interferon ( IFN ) -γ , several cytokines and chemokines , which are known to recruit natural killer ( NK ) cells and T cells , were found to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"typhus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"body",
"fluids",
"immunology",
"toxicology",
... | 2017 | Increased level and interferon-γ production of circulating natural killer cells in patients with scrub typhus |
The origin of Plasmodium falciparum , the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria , remains controversial . Although investigations of homologous parasites in African Apes are crucial to resolve this issue , studies have been restricted to a chimpanzee parasite related to P . falciparum , P . rei... | Chimpanzees and gorillas are known to have malaria parasites ( genus Plasmodium ) similar to those that infect humans . It is likely that detailed molecular studies of these parasites will help understand important aspects of the malaria disease and of immune defences in humans , and could then guide the development of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | On the Diversity of Malaria Parasites in African Apes and the Origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos |
Transcription , replication , and repair involve interactions of specific genomic loci with many different proteins . How these interactions are orchestrated at any given location and under changing cellular conditions is largely unknown because systematically measuring protein–DNA interactions at a specific locus in t... | DNA is packaged by proteins into a structure called chromatin . This packaging plays an important role in gene transcription , DNA replication , and DNA repair . The regulation of these processes is determined by the interplay of proteins that physically interact with specific loci . Although many chromatin proteins ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"taxonomy",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"data",
"management",
"fungi",
"dna",
"replication",
"molecular",
"systematics",
"dna",
"construction",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"molecular... | 2018 | Decoding the chromatin proteome of a single genomic locus by DNA sequencing |
Rodents move their whiskers to locate and identify objects . Cortical areas involved in vibrissal somatosensation and sensorimotor integration include the vibrissal area of the primary motor cortex ( vM1 ) , primary somatosensory cortex ( vS1; barrel cortex ) , and secondary somatosensory cortex ( S2 ) . We mapped loca... | The neocortex of the mammalian brain is divided into different regions that serve specific functions . These include sensory areas for vision , hearing , and touch , and motor areas for directing aspects of movement . However , the similarities and differences in local circuit organization between these areas are not w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2011 | Laminar Analysis of Excitatory Local Circuits in Vibrissal Motor and Sensory Cortical Areas |
Coxiella burnetii is the agent of the emerging zoonosis Q fever . This pathogen invades phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells and uses a Dot/Icm secretion system to co-opt the endocytic pathway for the biogenesis of an acidic parasitophorous vacuole where Coxiella replicates in large numbers . The study of the cell biolo... | Infectious diseases are among the major causes of mortality worldwide . Pathogens‚ invasion , colonization and persistence within their hosts depend on a tightly orchestrated cascade of events that are commonly referred to as host/pathogen interactions . These interactions are extremely diversified and every pathogen i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gram",
"negative",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"pathogenesis",
"computational",
"bi... | 2014 | Identification of OmpA, a Coxiella burnetii Protein Involved in Host Cell Invasion, by Multi-Phenotypic High-Content Screening |
Copy number variants ( CNVs ) have recently been recognized as a common form of genomic variation in humans . Hundreds of CNVs can be detected in any individual genome using genomic microarrays or whole genome sequencing technology , but their phenotypic consequences are still poorly understood . Rare CNVs have been re... | Rare copy number variants ( CNVs ) are a frequent cause of neurological disorders such as mental retardation ( MR ) . However CNVs are also commonly identified in healthy individuals . It is therefore crucial for both diagnostic and research applications to be able to distinguish between disease-causing CNVs and “benig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Accurate Distinction of Pathogenic from Benign CNVs in Mental Retardation |
Spinal cord injury often results in permanent functional impairment . Neural stem cells present in the adult spinal cord can be expanded in vitro and improve recovery when transplanted to the injured spinal cord , demonstrating the presence of cells that can promote regeneration but that normally fail to do so efficien... | Spinal cord injuries occur in more than 30 . 000 individuals each year worldwide and result in significant morbidity , with patients requiring long physical and medical care . The recent identification of resident stem cells in the adult spinal cord has opened up for the possibility of pharmacological manipulation of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Spinal Cord Injury Reveals Multilineage Differentiation of Ependymal Cells |
The decreasing cost of sequencing is leading to a growing repertoire of personal genomes . However , we are lagging behind in understanding the functional consequences of the millions of variants obtained from sequencing . Global system-wide effects of variants in coding genes are particularly poorly understood . It is... | The number of personal genomes sequenced has grown rapidly over the last few years and is likely to grow further . In order to use the DNA sequence variants amongst individuals for personalized medicine , we need to understand the functional impact of these variants . Deleterious variants in genes can have a wide spect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Interpretation of Genomic Variants Using a Unified Biological Network Approach |
We are flat-faced hominins with an external nose that protrudes from the face . This feature was derived in the genus Homo , along with facial flattening and reorientation to form a high nasal cavity . The nasal passage conditions the inhaled air in terms of temperature and humidity to match the conditions required in ... | This is the first investigation of nasal air conditioning in nonhuman hominoids based on computational fluid dynamics with digital topological models of the nasal passage made using medical imaging . Our comparative results of humans , chimpanzees , and macaques show that the inhaled air is conditioned poorly in humans... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nose",
"face",
"hominin",
"evolution",
"human",
"evolution",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"respiratory",
"system",
"animal",
"management",
"animal",
"performance",
"old",
"world",
... | 2016 | Impaired Air Conditioning within the Nasal Cavity in Flat-Faced Homo |
The manual evaluation , classification and counting of biological objects demands for an enormous expenditure of time and subjective human input may be a source of error . Investigating the shape of red blood cells ( RBCs ) in microcapillary Poiseuille flow , we overcome this drawback by introducing a convolutional neu... | Artificial neural networks represent a state-of-the art technique in many branches of natural sciences due to their ability to fastly detect and categorize image features with high throughput . We use a special type of neural network , the so-called convolutional neural network ( CNN ) for the classification of human r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"neural",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"neuroscience",
"artificial",
"neural",
"networks",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
"phase",
"diagrams",
"artificial... | 2018 | Classification of red blood cell shapes in flow using outlier tolerant machine learning |
Bacterial effector proteins secreted into host plant cells manipulate those cells to the benefit of the pathogen , but effector-triggered immunity ( ETI ) occurs when effectors are recognized by host resistance proteins . The RPS4/RRS1 pair recognizes the Pseudomonas syringae pv . pisi effector AvrRps4 . AvrRps4 is pro... | An important component of the plant immune system relies on the detection of pathogen-derived effectors by immune receptors called resistance proteins . Bacterial pathogens inject effectors into the host cell via a dedicated secretion system to suppress defenses and to manipulate the physiology of the host cell to the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"brassica",
"microbiology",
"chloroplasts",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
... | 2018 | The bacterial type III-secreted protein AvrRps4 is a bipartite effector |
FERONIA ( FER ) , a plasma membrane receptor-like kinase , is a central regulator of cell growth that integrates environmental and endogenous signals . A peptide ligand rapid alkalinization factor 1 ( RALF1 ) binds to FER and triggers a series of downstream events , including inhibition of Arabidopsis H+-ATPase 2 activ... | Receptor-like kinase FERONIA ( FER ) is an important regulator of plant growth and stress response and is activated by binding its peptide ligand , rapid alkalinization factor 1 ( RALF1 ) . However , how FER , a plasma membrane–localized receptor protein , regulates gene expression in the nucleus remains unclear . Here... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"messenger",
"rna",
"brassica",
"green",
"fluorescent",
"protein",
"luminescent",
"proteins",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"seedlings",
"plants",
"arabidopsis",
"thaliana",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"anima... | 2018 | EBP1 nuclear accumulation negatively feeds back on FERONIA-mediated RALF1 signaling |
When a flashed stimulus is followed by a backward mask , subjects fail to perceive it unless the target-mask interval exceeds a threshold duration of about 50 ms . Models of conscious access postulate that this threshold is associated with the time needed to establish sustained activity in recurrent cortical loops , bu... | Understanding the neural mechanisms that distinguish between conscious and nonconscious processes is a crucial issue in cognitive neuroscience . In this study , we focused on the transition that causes a visual stimulus to cross the threshold to consciousness , i . e . , visibility . We used a backward masking paradigm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2007 | Brain Dynamics Underlying the Nonlinear Threshold for Access to Consciousness |
Infections by Neisseria meningitidis show duality between frequent asymptomatic carriage and occasional life-threatening disease . Bacterial and host factors involved in this balance are not fully understood . Cytopathic effects and cell damage may prelude to pathogenesis of isolates belonging to hyper-invasive lineage... | Acquisition of Neisseria meningitidis often leads to asymptomatic colonization ( carriage ) and rarely results in invasive disease associated with tissue injury . The reasons that make disease-associated isolates ( pathogenic isolates ) but not asymptomatic carriage isolates able to invade the host to establish disease... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Differential Modulation of TNF-α–Induced Apoptosis by Neisseria meningitidis |
The human filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus is the causative agent of onchocerciasis ( river blindness ) . It causes blindness in 270 , 000 individuals with an additional 6 . 5 million suffering from severe skin pathologies . Current international control programs focus on the reduction of microfilaridermia by annu... | The human filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus is the causative agent of onchocerciasis ( river blindness ) . To curb transmission and eventually eliminate the disease , current mass drug administration programs rely on ivermectin that primarily targets the microfilariae , which are released from adult female worms . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"onchocerca",
"volvulus",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"onchocerca",
"drug",
"screening",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"age",
"groups",
"negl... | 2019 | Development of a preliminary in vitro drug screening assay based on a newly established culturing system for pre-adult fifth-stage Onchocerca volvulus worms |
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