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README.md
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---
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license: cc-by-sa-4.0
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pretty_name: FrodoBots-Mini-4K
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task_categories:
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- robotics
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- other
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tags:
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- robotics
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- teleoperation
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- autonomous-driving
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- sidewalk-robot
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- multimodal
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- video
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- gps
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- imu
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size_categories:
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- n>10K
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---
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# FrodoBots-Mini-4K
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**~4,000 hours** of real-world teleoperation data from **Earth Rover Mini / Mini+** sidewalk robots,
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collected across 30+ countries. Each ride bundles synchronized **camera video** (front, and rear when
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available), **two audio channels**, and time-aligned **GPS**, **IMU**, and **drive/control (DRV)** streams.
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This is the third public FrodoBots dataset, following
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[`BitRobot/FrodoBots-2K`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BitRobot/FrodoBots-2K) and
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[`BitRobot/Berkeley-FrodoBots-7K`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BitRobot/Berkeley-FrodoBots-7K).
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Like the 2K release it ships **raw, unannotated** per-ride folders (no task labels) — packaged here as
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tar shards hosted directly on the Hub.
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## At a glance
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| | |
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|---|---|
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| Rides | **14,141** |
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| Robots | 453 |
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| Countries | 30+ |
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| Date range | 2024-12 → 2026-07 |
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| Hours (teleoperation session time) | **3,965 h** (same metric as FrodoBots-2K/7K) |
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| Front-camera video | 3,231 h |
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| Rear-camera video | 1,909 h (73.9% of rides have a rear camera) |
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| Total camera video | 5,140 h |
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| Size | ~2.0 TB |
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Every ride includes DRV + GPS + IMU + at least the front (or rear) camera with generated per-frame timestamps.
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## Layout
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```
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data/
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minirover-0000.tar # tar shards, <= ~1.9 GB each, each holds many complete ride folders
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minirover-0001.tar
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...
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metadata.parquet # one row per ride (see below)
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```
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Each ride folder inside a shard:
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```
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ride_<rideId>_<botRef>_<UTCstart>/
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control_data_<id>.csv # DRV: linear, angular, rpm_1..4, timestamp (epoch SECONDS)
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gps_data_<id>.csv # latitude, longitude, timestamp (epoch MS); (1000,1000)=no fix
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imu_data_<id>.csv # compass, accelerometer, gyroscope (JSON arrays), timestamp (MS)
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front_camera_timestamps_<id>.csv # frame_id, timestamp (epoch SECONDS)
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rear_camera_timestamps_<id>.csv # present when a rear stream exists
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mic_audio_timestamps_<id>.csv # robot microphone
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speaker_audio_timestamps_<id>.csv # operator speaker
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recordings/ # HLS: *.ts segments + *.m3u8 playlists (front/rear video, audio)
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```
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`metadata.parquet` columns: `folder, ride_id, device_ref_id, start_utc, source, db_dur_sec, n_epochs,
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hardware_version, drive_mode, country, city, front_footage_sec, rear_footage_sec, has_rear_camera,
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has_control, has_gps, has_imu, has_front_ts, has_rear_ts, has_mic_ts, has_speaker_ts, shard`.
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## Usage
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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import pandas as pd, tarfile
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meta = pd.read_parquet(hf_hub_download("BitRobot/FrodoBots-Mini-4K", "metadata.parquet", repo_type="dataset"))
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row = meta.iloc[0]
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shard = hf_hub_download("BitRobot/FrodoBots-Mini-4K", f"data/{row.shard}", repo_type="dataset")
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with tarfile.open(shard) as t:
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t.extractall("out", members=[m for m in t.getmembers() if m.name.startswith(row.folder)])
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# -> out/<ride folder>/ with CSVs + recordings/
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```
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See `earth_rover_mini_dataset.ipynb` for stats, distributions, and a full "load one ride" example
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(aligning a camera frame to its GPS/IMU/DRV readings).
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## Notes
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- **Hours**: the headline counts teleoperation session duration (session end − start), the same basis as
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FrodoBots-2K/7K. Actual recorded video is 3,231 h front / 5,140 h total (front+rear); a small number of
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sessions were left open and slightly inflate raw session time.
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- **Recordings** are de-vendored (Agora tags stripped) HLS. `.m3u8` playlists carry the wall-clock start
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(`TIME=`) and per-segment durations; per-frame timestamps are provided in the `*_timestamps_*.csv` files.
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- **GPS** retains `(1000,1000)` rows meaning "no fix" — filter these out before use.
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- `country` is from the robot registry; robots without an entry are `Unknown`.
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- Audio-only sessions (camera never streamed) are excluded.
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## License
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Released under **CC BY-SA 4.0**, matching FrodoBots-2K and Berkeley-FrodoBots-7K. Please cite FrodoBots when using this dataset.
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