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The Federalist, by HAMILTON, ALEXANDERJAY, JOHN
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9780375757860 | 0375757864
- Cover: Trade Paper
- Copyright: 9/11/2001
The series of essays that compriseThe Federalistconstitutes one of the key texts of the American Revolution and the democratic system created in the wake of independence. Written in 1787 and 1788 by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to promote the ratification of the proposed Constitution, these papers stand as perhaps the most eloquent testimonial to democracy that exists. They describe the ideas behind the American system of government: the separation of powers; the organization of Congress; the respective positions of the executive, legislative, and judiciary; and much more.The Federalistremains essential reading for anyone interested in politics and government, and indeed for anyone seeking a foundational statement about democracy and America. This new edition of The Federalist is edited by Robert Scigliano, a professor in the political science department at Boston College. His substantive Introduction sheds clarifying new light on the historical context and meaning ofThe Federalist. Scigliano also provides a fresh and definitive analysis of the disputed authorship of several sections of this crucial work. | <urn:uuid:d81c70c9-81a0-4e15-9d4b-e1fe5c54eaa2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.biggerbooks.com/federalist-hamilton-alexander-jay-john/bk/9780375757860 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499804.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130070411-20230130100411-00770.warc.gz | en | 0.915409 | 271 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A good indicator can be the confirmation a trader needs to supplement their trading strategy. Technical indicators such as Bollinger Bands gather data and information that help traders make trading decisions on entry and exit points when combined with a trading plan and other tools. Learning how to use Bollinger Bands in Day Trading properly is important for many profitable traders.
When you have a trading method and other indicators that contain information that “agrees”, you have confluence. It is just what a good trader requires, determining the market environment.
Depending on what you desire to measure, indicators supply technical analysis needed to seek out price movement, buying pressure, sideways markets, high or low volatility, and overbought or oversold conditions, just to name a few!
In this article, we will discuss one of the most used technical analysis indicators called Bollinger Bands. By the end, you will know what they are, what they measure, and how to use their information.
What Are Bollinger Bands?
Bollinger Bands were developed by John Bollinger in the 1980s. They are a technical analysis tool that can be used to determine the overbought and oversold conditions of an underlying asset.
It is important to note that the indicator isn’t meant to provide trading signals on its own. Matter of fact, John Bollinger has 22 rules he uses when using the bands as a trading system!
Bollinger Bands are a great volatility indicator, providing information regarding price movement. The Bollinger Bands indicator is devised of three trend lines which are an upper band, middle band, and lower band.
The upper and lower bands are two standard deviations of average variance, positive and negative, from the middle band. Standard deviation is the mathematic measurement of how outspread numbers are from an average price.
The middle line is a simple moving average. While the 20-day SMA is the standard moving average most commonly used for the middle band, the bands can be adjusted to a day trader’s preference given the asset and time frame they trade.
There is a mathematical equation to figure out the 20-day SMA, the upper and lower bands’ standard deviations, which make up the Bollinger Bands. It looks intimidating, but beginners desiring to use the technical indicator need not worry about the math. Like experienced traders, novice investors just need to know that the study is available on most trading platforms and can be customized to their trading style.
What Do Bollinger Bands Measure?
Again, the Bollinger Bands indicator does not produce enough confirmation on its own to recommend using it for buy and sell signals. It should be used with other technical tools that correlate.
The tool is measuring volatility, providing helpful information regarding market price movements. Bollinger Bands identify prices that have deviated from the average price.
The vast majority of price movement will be within the envelope of the bands. Now and then the price data goes outside the upper Bollinger Band and lower Bollinger Band.
The concept of the bands is that the market is more overbought when price action is near the upper Bollinger Band. The market appears more oversold when the price hits the lower Bollinger Band.
The bands widen when the market is volatile, price is swinging up and down. The band’s contract during low volatility, demonstrating smaller price action.
Using Bollinger Bands
When you can see market volatility and periods of price consolidation, trading opportunities emerge naturally. There are several ways to utilize Bollinger Bands information. We will cover a couple to give you an idea of the possibilities.
The squeeze strategy of the Bollinger Bands aims to take advantage of price movement after a period of low volatility and identify a possible future breakout.
The upper and lower bands contract and get closer to the middle band, demonstrating less market volatility and price action occurring. After such consolidation, a breakout can be expected.
When volatility increases, the sideways market will then end. The bands will start widening and day traders will see sharp price movements either up or down and take advantage of the action.
Mean Reversion Strategy
When used with other correlated tools, such as the MACD or RSI, traders can take advantage of when the value has perhaps fallen too low, and the price hits the lower Bollinger Band and bounces or moves to the upper band. The opposite can be true when the price has risen possibly too high, hitting the upper band and will eventually bounce or fall to the lower band.
This concept takes advantage of mean reversion when the market appears to be overbought and oversold. The idea behind mean reversion is that if the price moves substantially from the average, it will eventually pull back to the average or mean price. This strategy works well in range-bound markets when the price is bouncing between the upper band and lower band.
Important to Note
Using the squeeze or mean reversion strategies can identify possible buy and sell opportunities for day traders. It is important to note that the bands can give false signals, and it is crucial to consider trend direction to implement risk management.
For instance, when you have a trending market that is bullish, going up, taking only trade signals from the price movements hitting the lower Bollinger Band is advisable. A trader may see exit points as the price hits the upper band.
Considering strong trend direction and using the Bollinger Bands indicator with other tools that correlate will increase the effectiveness of the information being presented.
Summary: Bollinger Bands
Bollinger Bands are considered a lagging indicator because their information reacts after the price has moved. Despite such, they can be a highly effective technical indicator when combined with other personal trading strategies.
After price consolidation, pressure can build, and breakouts can be anticipated. Bollinger Bands can also tell a trader when the price has deviated far from the moving average and appears to be too high or too low.
Trading involves significant risk, so take the time to practice, practice, and practice!
Test technical indicators when introducing their information to your trading strategy. Get comfortable with the asset you desire to trade. See what works best with the strategy and/or technical indicators you have chosen to use, and on what time frames they are most reliable.
Resources to Check Out
YouTube video: The Right Way to Trade Bollinger Bands by MoneyShow
To Learn More
Maurice Kenny has helped over 600 people become financially free through one-on-one coaching, mentorship, and options trading strategy. Many of these new traders are now full-time traders, and they all started by watching his 1-hr webinar.
Feel free to check out other FREE educational resources to help guide you as you begin your new journey to financial freedom.
Also, download a (FREE E-BOOK) by Maurice Kenny, “DAY TRADE LIKE A MILLIONAIRE.” | <urn:uuid:387b1ab6-2fb6-49ad-a3d5-afa66edbf525> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mauricekennytrading.com/how-to-use-bollinger-bands-in-day-trading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499871.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131122916-20230131152916-00850.warc.gz | en | 0.922751 | 1,429 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The coronavirus pandemic has tested our healthcare system like never before, and physicians are leaning on imaging providers to provide diagnostic testing for patients who are expected to have or are suffering from the virus.
One area that’s started to gain more attention in diagnostic protocols is ultrasound. That’s because lung ultrasound can:
- Determine Normal Lung by demonstrating A Profile of a dry lung
- Determine Pneumothorax by demonstrating the air between layers prevents sliding.
- There are references that state ultrasound has a 99% predictive value for pneumothorax
- Determine Pulmonary Edema by demonstrating B lines of wet lungs
- Determine Pneumonia/consolidation routinely in pediatrics with some limitations in adults
- Determine pleural effusion easily
There are four key reasons why ultrasound is being used in this regard.
- Bedside Testing
Thanks to the compact and highly mobile nature of most ultrasound systems, it’s possible to conduct the exam without needing to move the patient. Instead, you can bring the screening to them. This reduces patient complications stemming from transport and limits the risk of infection to others that would otherwise increase when the patient is moved to a separate testing site.
One of the main benefits of all ultrasound testing is in its non-invasive nature. This is particularly true for COVID-19 cases, where keeping patients comfortable and stable is critical.
- No Radiation
CT and X-ray, the two modalities most commonly used for lung diagnostics related to COVID-19, each expose the patient to radiation at a time when they may already be in serious or critical condition. The effect of these standard amounts of radiation certainly isn’t thought to be harmful, but there also haven’t been widespread studies related to their effects on patients suffering from significant progression of the virus. And because a COVID patient may need to submit to multiple screenings over the course of their inpatient stay, any opportunity to avoid additional radiation exposure is typically one worth taking advantage of.
Generally speaking, an ultrasound system and transducer will be far easier to disinfect than an entire CT system, the room it’s in and the wheelchair or gurney used to transport the patient to their exam. This saves time, resources and, yet again, reduces potential exposure to staff and other patients.
Let’s look more closely at how lung ultrasound is making its mark.
Lung Imaging White Paper
By using thoracic ultrasound on patients, the physician can closely monitor the the lungs and pleural space. This allows them to more effectively triage patients as necessary, determining which cases require immediate intervention and which might benefit from further monitoring.
Siemens Healthineers has released a fantastic White Paper outlining the mechanics of testing and the specific reasons why lung ultrasound has become so important. I highly recommend you check it out. Not only does it provide background on the clinical uses of ultrasound, but it also delves into the history of lung sonography, the types of artifacts to watch out for, and how to properly set up the transducer and progress through your sequences.
Because it’s considered a point-of-care exam that can take place right at the bedside, just about any ultrasound system could be used for a lung exam. Smaller, more portable systems, however, are a lot more common.
In the Siemens Healthineers product line, that means you’d be far more likely to utilize the ACUSON Bonsai or ACUSON P500 cardiovascular system due to its suitability for routine diagnostic procedures and its high rate of portability. A system like the ACUSON Redwood, which offers advanced clinical capabilities and adaptability across numerous departments, could certainly be used, but it isn’t strictly necessary in order to accomplish the type of lung examination needed to assess COVID-19 progression.
A curved transducer is going to be the most common transducer for this type of screening.
One of the key benefits of ultrasound is the relative ease of infection control in comparison with other diagnostic tools. But proper infection control does still require certain procedures to be followed.
First, you’ll want a list of approved disinfectants, ones that are simultaneously capable of reducing viral exposure and protecting your equipment from hardware failure. If you have a Siemens product, you can use this list of approved disinfectants for transducers to get started.
In addition, here is a handy guide that offers specifics about the ways to keep your transducer safe and sterile in between patient exams. Among the key takeaways:
- Do not immerse the transducer in any disinfectant for longer than an hour
- Don’t rely on hot steam, cold gas or Ethylene Oxide
- Don’t be abrasive: Abrasive cleaning agents and organic solvents can actually do damage to the transducer and lead to compromised image quality.
Finally, don’t forget to apply proper disinfectant procedures to the system itself. You’ll want to once again use an approved disinfectant, making sure to target all surfaces, with particular attention placed on the trackball, soft keys, knobs, and really anywhere you make regular contact with. Ensure you’re taking care to prevent fluid from actually leaking into the system itself through small openings such as those on the control panel or the keyboard.
Head here for more ultrasound disinfectant insights and, for further guidance on infection control in the COVID-19 era, feel free to consult your imaging system infection control guide.
Separation of Patient States
Another benefit of ultrasound imaging that you ought to remember: by using ultrasound, with its mobility, accuracy and relatively simple disinfection procedures, it’s easier to separate your patient populations into COVID cases and everyone else.
Not all facilities have the resources to dedicate an entire X-ray room or area of the hospital to COVID patients, which might mean the custodial team needs to go in after each patient and initiate a thorough deep clean of the area before the next patient can come in. This is a time-consuming process, but many organizations simply don’t have a choice.
If some things can be accomplished with ultrasound, you can free up other resources, such as your CT systems, to be used for the highest-risk patients or, if you can swing multiple X-ray rooms, for patients not presenting with COVID symptoms. Leaning on ultrasound during this time is a straightforward way to maximize resources at your facility while reducing exposure of patients and staff members to infection.
The Situation Continues to Evolve
It’s a brave new world we’re living through right now, and no doubt clinicians will continue to come up with innovative ways to provide optimal care and reduce infection risk. Ultrasound, which we weren’t hearing a lot about at the start of the pandemic, may turn out to be one of those innovations if what we’re hearing from our colleagues in Italy and Germany is any indication.
Please reach out to me if you have any questions about disinfection, lung ultrasound, or anything else. I’d be happy to help. And if you have your own insights you’d like to share with the imaging community, please comment on this article! | <urn:uuid:6f133578-995d-4a75-9394-b4827cfa51d1> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.cassling.com/blog/ultrasound-in-the-age-of-covid-19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499871.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131122916-20230131152916-00850.warc.gz | en | 0.924544 | 1,544 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The function and control of A4 paper cutting machine
- Categories:A4 paper cutting machine News
- Time of issue:2022-07-26
The role of the A4 paper cutting machine is mainly to cut the whole roll or the entire raw material to a fixed length, such as packaging cartons, A4 paper, etc., all need to use fixed-length cutting control. The cutting length can be set continuously. If there is an error in the actual cutting length, it is easier to calibrate by setting parameters.
The slitting control of the A4 paper cutting machine is mainly divided into two types: static slitting and dynamic slitting. When the set length is accurately reached, it will stop accurately, and then static slitting can be performed, and the operation will be restarted after slitting. When the set length is reached, the cutting signal will be sent without stopping, and the cutting machine will dynamically cut the material during the movement. The important performance index of fixed-length slitting is the slitting accuracy, and the finished product length is consistent.
The cutting length of the A4 paper cutting machine can be set continuously. If there is an error in the actual cutting length, it is easy to calibrate by setting parameters. For the operation of the slitting machine, it can be set continuously, and can also be set dynamically and statically. The performance index is also a very important slitting accuracy. | <urn:uuid:e5ea2f00-7dc0-4592-8214-7445d487c769> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.dongtengcn.com/news/The-function-and-control-of-A4-paper-cutting-machine-67.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499953.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201211725-20230202001725-00050.warc.gz | en | 0.933192 | 308 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The U.S. budget deficit is expected to top $1 trillion in fiscal 2020.
The numbers: The federal government’s budget deficit in October rose 34% from a year earlier to $134.5 billion, putting the U.S. on course to top the $1 trillion mark in fiscal 2020 for the first time in eight years.
What happened: Government spending increased 8% in October to $380 billion compared to a year earlier. Federal outlays rose for defense, education, health and Social Security.
The amount of tax receipts the government took in, meanwhile, dipped 3% to $246 billion. Excise taxes fell sharply and income and corporate taxes also declined.
The government collected $7.8 billion in customs duties in October, up from $5.6 billion in the same month a year ago. These duties surged after the Trump administration imposed stiff tariffs on Chinese goods starting in mid-2018.
Big picture: U.S. budget deficits began increasing again in 2016 and have risen four straight years. A combination of large tax cuts in 2017 and higher federal spending is expected to push the deficit above $1 trillion in the current fiscal year that ends next September or nearly 5% of gross domestic product.
It’ll be the first time the deficit has topped the $1 trillion mark since 2012. Deficits topped $1 trillion for four straight years from 2009 to 2012 in the aftermath of the Great Recession.
Rising deficits typically lead to higher interest rates over time, but that hasn’t been the case for a long time. The 10-year Treasury yield TMUBMUSD10Y, -2.22% was little changed at 1.88%, an extremely low rate historically. | <urn:uuid:e0455137-00d7-4e45-b494-d14fd43b98cc> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mainstreetalerts.com/2019/11/13/economic-report-u-s-budget-deficit-jumps-34-in-october-gap-set-to-top-1-trillion-in-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499953.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201211725-20230202001725-00050.warc.gz | en | 0.942408 | 355 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Planet prepares for 7th billion inhabitant
Updated: 2011-10-27 08:04
By Cui Jia and Jiang Xueqing (China Daily)
Another healthy baby enters the world at Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai on Monday. Carlos Barria / Reuters
If the world seems more crowded, it may be because population will reach 7 billion on Monday, according to United Nation projections. The UN says this global milestone presents both an opportunity and a challenge for the planet. Carlos Barria / Reuters
A nurse takes care of newborns at No 1 People's Hospital in Xiangyang, Hubei province. China's family planning policy has slowed the rapid growth of population. Gong Bo / Xinhua
Questions arise over Earth��s
The world's population is expected to reach 7 billion on Monday, four years later than once predicted largely thanks to China's family planning policy, according to the country's top population experts.
Population growth has rocketed. It took just 13 years for 1 billion more people to live on the planet, yet only at the dawn of the 19th century did a billion people first inhabit the Earth, according to a report by the United Nations Population Fund.
Baby No 7 Billion will probably be born in the Asia-Pacific region, where the population growth rate is the highest in the world.
China's family planning policy, which limits most mainland couples to one child, has prevented 400 million births since 1979, according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission.
The rising population presents challenges to humanity, Safiye Cagar, director of information and external relations for the fund, said on Tuesday.
"If we do not voluntarily stabilize population, we risk a much less humane end to growth as the ongoing destruction of the earth's natural systems catches up with us," the UN report said.
"How do we ensure that each of us has a decent standard of living while sustaining Earth's resources?" Cagar said
Such a huge population will put a lot of pressure on Earth, said Yuan Xin, a professor at Tianjin-based Nankai University's population and development institute. For example, the population increase plus the pursuit of a better quality of life will require more resources and therefore put the environment in danger.
"The prevented births of China are also significant for natural resource and environment preservation across the world," Yuan said Tuesday. "But that merit might be offset if the Chinese consume relentlessly like the Westerners did, given China's sheer population size."
Official data released by China and the United States show that per capita consumption in China is 20 percent of that in the US. If the Chinese were to use as much energy per capita as Americans, its total power use would be more than four times that of the US.
"Today, the individual Chinese is among the top energy consumers in the developing world, which would definitely impact the world's resources and environment," Lu Jiehua, a sociology professor at Peking University, said on Tuesday.
Take changing diet structure, for example. As income has risen for the Chinese, they began to eat more meat products, but Lu said that breeding livestock is much more polluting and energy intensive than planting.
"However, China still lags far behind most industrial countries like the US in consumption of meat or aquatic products, eggs and milk," he said.
According to Yuan, the Chinese government has recognized the potential for overconsumption of resources, and has adopted policies and taken steps to encourage a "green" economy and lifestyle.
For example, it has shut down energy- and pollution-intensive industries; has discouraged car buying through such measures as limiting license plates; has encouraged garbage sorting, water and electricity conservation; and banned the free distribution of plastic bags nationwide.
Despite the problems the world faces, the 7 billionth child has a better chance of surviving past age 5 than a decade ago, said Noeleen Heyzer, undersecretary-general of the UN and executive secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
Yuan said that one-third of the world's countries, largely developed ones, have fertility rates below 2.1. That is the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime, and it's the minimum rate to renew the population.
"Most developed countries, usually with lower fertility rates, are expecting a diminishing and aging population while the developing ones would instead see a stable rise in population, less aging," he said.
The world's fertility rate has been decreasing since the 1960s, easing global population pressure, Yuan said. On the other hand, population numbers keep rising. The UN has forecast that world population will reach 9.3 billion by the middle of this century.
China has succeeded in reining in its fast growth of population. In the 1990s, about 25 million people were born each year. The average today is 16 million.
Chinese statistics indicate the population, currently 1.34 billion, will peak at 1.45 billion in 2030 and will account for one-sixth of the world's population. That's a significant decrease from the one-third share of population held by China in the late 1660s and early 1700s, Yuan said.
According to the UN, India will overtake China as the most populous country in the world by 2050. The United States will be the only developed nation among the 10 most populated.
The population divide between developed countries and developing countries also will produce significant changes.
According to the UN forecast, among the 2.3 billion people to be added to the world by mid-century, 97 percent will come from developing countries. Developed countries will suffer a severe labor shortage, and labor will migrate to them from developing countries, which are vigorous in economic growth.
The global issue of aging populations is set to affect China, too, by increasing pressure on pension and healthcare systems. China will experience dramatic population changes, especially in terms of aging and gender balance.
"By 2050, some 25 percent of the world's gray population will be from China, compared with 20 percent now," Yuan said.
China's labor population - people 15 to 59 years old - will fall from today's 940 million to 750 million. Meanwhile, senior citizens will increase from 178 million to 480 million, from 13.3 percent of the total population to 34 percent.
Despite the shift in its labor population, China will still have more than 900 million people available to work in 2025, Yuan said, so pressure in the job market will remain high.
"We'll still have a huge base of labor for a long time, just a little bit older," he said. "Given improved life and medical services, the old could still be physically active."
The sex ratio in China reached its peak at 120 - meaning 120 boys born for every 100 girls - in 2004. It stands at 118 now and is expected to drop to 115 by 2015.
The government has been trying to change people's minds about preferring sons over daughters.
"It still takes time for the sex ratio to fall to the normal level of 103-107," Yuan said. "When the generation born in the 1990s reaches its age of marriage and fertility, the relevant social problems will become more apparent.
"For example, a man will have difficulties in finding a wife; and male laborers will move into the industries that are traditionally dominated by the female due to oversupply of male labors."
Li Jing contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:bb53efc9-69c2-41f0-993f-0145e2156364> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-10/27/content_13986702.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500042.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203024018-20230203054018-00130.warc.gz | en | 0.957111 | 1,559 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Creating digital characters is one of the most important skills you can learn as an artist. Characters are what people connect with in stories, films, games, and other forms of media. They are also integral to writing creative fiction!
As writers ourselves, we know how difficult it can be to get into a story and then keep readers engaged while they wait for the next action scene or plot twist. An easy way to do this is use pre-existing materials to tell your own stories.
Characters exist in real life so there are many examples of them online that you could draw inspiration from. People produce things like books and movies every year so there are already lots of instances where these characters have been created.
By drawing inspiration from those, you would not only be paying homage to their work, but also improving your hand by practicing, exploring, and creating new ways to convey emotions through character design.
This article will go more in depth about some types of characters and why designing after and/or incorporating components of their style is a great way to start developing yours. We will talk about how to draw anime and manga characters, classic cartoon characters, and even professional game characters.
We will also take a look at some websites and apps that offer free stock art and tools to improve your craft. These resources are valuable because they are designed and put together by others who care about storytelling and artistic expression.
Examples of digital character illustration
As mentioned earlier, examples are everywhere you look these days. Characters in video games, cartoons, films, and even TV shows are designed using very flexible tools that allow for infinite possibilities to take shape.
In fact, some might say that it is becoming too easy to create incredible characters due to how accessible this tool has become.
It’s like someone took all the secrets out of creating fictional people and gave them away free!
And while there are many ways to learn how to draw from life, still-life studies, or even real human beings, none of those teach you how to make believable, fluid characters that come alive through their gestures and expressions.
So what can we do as aspiring artists?
We have to figure out how to apply what we know about fiction to something more tangible — which often means drawing from the books, movies, and television we watch frequently. And yes, that includes looking at what other artists have done!
But before you dive into all of that, why not try making your own characters first? You will get better faster if you! This article will go over some basic steps to get you started with digital character illustration.
Tips for digital character illustration
As seen with our earlier tips, drawing from life is the best way to learn how to draw characters. But there are some other ways to achieve great results!
Certain things that seem like they’re drawn from photographs are actually designed or sketched models. These can be easily found online and in many art stores.
Some of these designs are totally free to use, while others may have limited use licensing or even paid version access.
They’re not necessarily intended to be printed onto paper but rather used as illustrations or background textures for digital media such as blogs, websites, and video games.
Character designers and artists often start off doing caricatures or cartoons before moving onto more realistic styles.
Understanding humans and human anatomy
A person’s internal struggle can be seen in their face, body language, and overall appearance. When someone is trying to seem casual or nonchalant, while at the same time looking very put together, it is because they are putting up a front.
They may not be feeling well, so they don’t look as healthy, nor do they feel like eating, so they don’t eat much. Or maybe they just didn’t sleep last night, which shows in his/her eyes.
When it comes down to it, we are all connected through our emotions, so seeing the effects of those emotions on others is an easy way to tell if someone is struggling inside.
A lot of people start drawing as children. Some even say that making art is in their blood. But for most, creating pictures or illustrations comes much later in life. It takes lots of practice to get there!
Character design is one of the easiest things you can pick up if you are willing to look around you and find your inspiration. You do not need any formal training to create characters either – all you really need is someone to admire them.
People often admire certain characters such as Mickey Mouse, The Joker or Pikachu. By studying how these artists designed their characters, you will be able to imitate some of those styles and add your own touches to it.
A great way to begin designing your own character concepts is by looking at already established designs.
Painting as a digital character illustrator
As mentioned earlier, drawing is a form of expression that comes naturally to most people. For some, though, it’s more difficult than others. For those who struggle with drawing, there are many different strategies you can use to improve your hand-eye coordination.
If you think about it, we all learn how to draw by copying what we see or studying examples in books and magazines. The important thing is for them to practice, practice, practice!
It’s the same when you want to become an artist. You have to spend time looking at art and practicing techniques on your own before you add anything new to your repertoire.
Digital artists must do this constantly!
There are several reasons for this, but probably the biggest one is that creating artwork using computers allows you to create and edit easily without getting too tedious or frustrating.
As you can imagine, being able to tweak colors and shapes quickly helps keep artistic muscles relaxed and working well.
Materials you need
As with any form of art, being able to identify your style is a great way to begin. What types of materials do you like to use? How do they feel in your hands? Are there certain limitations to what you can add into them?
For example, most people know that digital artists use Photoshop or other graphics programs to edit pictures but some also learn how to draw in it! By drawing in the program, you get all of the benefits of using real tools (for instance, textures) along with new ones (like layering).
Making characters digitally comes down to two main things: choosing your software and picking good quality materials to work with. There are many free resources available online and in stores for both!
This article will talk about some basic tips and tricks for character illustration in general as well as some specific products used by professional illustrators.
Tips for creating a digital character
As discussed before, drawing from life is one of the most effective ways to learn how to draw characters. By doing so, you get practice using real materials such as pens and pencils and you are working with natural proportions.
Drawing from photographs or scanned images also allows you to use very little material, which is helpful since you don’t have much money at this stage! (We recommend investing in good quality art supplies early on.)
The other way to approach drawing characters is by studying examples of well-drawed humans. People are our biggest inspiration when it comes to shaping human shapes and features.
By looking at lots of different people, you will eventually figure out what makes someone look like them/their type. This process is quite hard to avoid though, as we all have different looks and styles.
Final tips for digital character illustration
In this section, we will discuss some final steps to improve your drawing and design skills by practicing them with other characters or styles. Try out these steps on different mediums and formats first to make sure you are able to achieve the desired result!
Character illustrations can be tricky because they require you to draw not only what things look like but how people act as well. There are many theories about human psychology that can help you determine if someone is lying or telling the truth, so looking into those is an easy way to start developing your eye for deception.
Another theory is Aristotle’s theory of tragedy which states that every story has a protagonist, antagonist, and narrator. The protagonist is in charge throughout most of the story, until something happens and the narrative shifts towards the antagonist. After the shift, the reader becomes the new protagonist to identify with him or her, creating suspense and interest in the reading.
The same works when designing a website or app, there is always one main element (the person using it) and then additional supporting elements such as logos or pictures. Just like a book, the climax comes when the viewer finds the main element, and then the supporting ones come after. | <urn:uuid:3a3dead8-40b0-4e77-af0a-ce38469fe78b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://lngfrm.net/digital-character-illustration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500042.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203024018-20230203054018-00130.warc.gz | en | 0.963456 | 1,791 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The mosquito is the architect of much suffering: It's responsible for more human deaths than any other animal on earth (including other humans). And few species have caused as much misery as Aedes aegypti. This 4-millimeter-long insect is responsible not only for the Zika outbreak but also for transmitting yellow fever and two other excruciating diseases, dengue and chikungunya, that are currently inching their way toward the US. Scientists have been trying to kill this bug for a century, but while each generation has made insecticidal breakthroughs, A. aegypti keeps bouncing back. “It's a war,” says Johns Hopkins molecular entomologist George Dimopoulos— one we've mostly fought to a stalemate. From the lab bench to the field, here's a chronicle of our battle with nature's most irritating killer. | <urn:uuid:1adbcf6c-92bb-4fdd-b022-d8abd28e0c2e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.wired.com/2016/06/zika-mosquitos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500042.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203024018-20230203054018-00130.warc.gz | en | 0.963367 | 178 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Body Composition Scanning
Body Composition Scans use DXA scanning, the same technology used to determine bone density, to calculate your body’s percentage body fat, percentage body lean, and bone density.
Most doctors rely only on Height/Weight tables and BMI, which can be misleading. For example:
- A thin elderly person can have an “ideal body weight” and a “normal” BMI, but have a very high percentage body fat and very low percentage body lean mass.
- Conversely, an athlete could have a high BMI or be “overweight” on the height/weight charts when in reality they are quite healthy with a low percentage body fat and high percentage body lean mass.
DXA scanning is the most accurate and reliable technology to obtain this information. We use this information to help understand your risk for diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke, High Blood Pressure and certain cancers which are directly linked to percentage body fat. We also use these results to set weight loss and health goals and track progress toward them. | <urn:uuid:949c0633-bebb-4f00-a3a7-9b7e50c27edc> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://doctoradamweinstein.com/about/our-program/body-composition-scanning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00290.warc.gz | en | 0.914532 | 224 | 2.640625 | 3 |
For over thirty years, the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes has served as a model to understand the influences of beneficial bacteria on animal development and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of specificity during the establishment and maintenance of environmentally transmitted symbioses. The host has two symbiotic organs: the light organ (LO), which harbors a monoculture of bioluminescent Vibrio fischeri used for camouflage; and the accessory nidamental gland (ANG), a reproductive organ containing a bacterial consortium made up primarily of members of the Alphaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia that are thought to be used for egg defense. Our recent findings suggest that the LO and ANG originated by different evolutionary mechanisms yet how the host systemically regulates these associations is poorly understood. The bobtail squid offers a model system where one can study the mechanisms that govern both binary and consortial symbioses in the same host.
Although numerous tools have been developed for the symbiont V. fischeri, there have been significant challenges associated with building effective tools for its host. For example, studying individual host cell responses during different developmental stages have been limited. Gene expression studies have typically been conducted on whole organs that contain many different cell types. By developing nanomagnetic tools to study direct interactions between the symbionts and host cells, we will likely better resolve the molecular conversations that occur between the partners and uncover evolutionary conserved mechanisms by which aquatic hosts and environmentally transmitted bacteria form associations. The development of novel tools for the genetic manipulation and capture of targeted host cells coupled with the short developmental cycle and ease of maintaining the animals in the lab will hasten insights into the genetic basis of phenotypes in aquatic symbioses.
The goals for this project are to: 1) enable the capture of several key cell types within the host symbiotic tissues using magnetic nanoparticle technology; 2) conduct targeted mRNA, protein and metabolomic analyses on the captured cell populations to identify potential heterogeneity of host responses; 3) develop transgenic host hemocytes to manipulate immune responses in the system and 4) develop magnetofluorescent nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo regulation of receptors on epithelial cells associated with the host symbioses. These technological advances coupled with the recently sequenced genome of the host animal will provide a critical foundation to explore the genetic architecture and toolkits animals need to form symbioses with microbes. | <urn:uuid:9ed38d3a-8b4d-467e-9084-823974b546a4> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.img.ufl.edu/projects/2259/symbiosis-aquatic-systems-magnetic-nanoparticles-and-symbiosis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00290.warc.gz | en | 0.928532 | 492 | 3.09375 | 3 |
To announce is to provide information through speaking or writing. An announcement usually regards something that is important.
- Maria and David announced that they were getting married.
- Walter will announce his decision to leave the company or remain where he is.
- Amina was thrilled to announce that she’s expecting a baby.
- The airline announced that flights would be delayed due to bad weather.
The word "announcement" is a noun:
- Did you hear the announcement?
- The teacher made an important announcement.
- Daily announcements at school are made over the intercom.
- Wedding announcements are sent out several months before a big wedding takes place.
A person who make announcements is called an announcer.
- Radio announcers inform listeners of the time, the weather, and the latest news.
- Football announcers describe what is happening during a football game.
- The announcer could not be heard because the public address (P.A.) system was full of static.
He needs to make an announcement.
Click here to go to the Word of the Day page.
January 1, 2016 | <urn:uuid:63be749a-82cc-489c-a362-12d982adbe2e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Word%20of%20the%20Day/2016-2/January/announce.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00290.warc.gz | en | 0.970435 | 252 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Note: As of the 2022-2023 program year, the Cyber Chip is no longer a Cub Scout rank requirement. This information is being retained for reference.
The Cub Scout Cyber Chip is the Boy Scouts of America's online internet safety program. Just like the Whittling Chip teaches the Scouts how to safely use a pocketknife, the Cyber Chip teaches them how to safely use the internet.
The BSA feels so strongly about internet safety that the Cub Scouts must complete the Cyber Chip in order to earn their rank badge. Lion and Bobcat are the only ranks that don't require it.
The Cyber Chip requirements vary by grade. The first through third graders have one set of requirements that
Here is the requirement in its entirety:
Cyber Chip Requirement 4: Discuss with your unit leader the acceptable standards and practices for using allowed electronic devices, such as phones and games, at your meetings and other Scouting events.
A Cub Scout friend and I were talking about this, and we realized that in order for the Scouts to discuss “acceptable standards and practices,” they needed to know what those are.
There was only one little problem. We didn't know what those were either because we had never defined them.
I decided to take a stab at writing something that I called our Pack Technology Policy. Fancy title for when you can use electronics. 🙂
After consulting with our pack committee and leaders and making changes that they recommended, this is the final policy that was adopted by our pack.
Pack Technology Policy
Cub Scouts should not use electronic devices at Cub Scout meetings and events unless the activity requires the use of them. An example would be using the GPS or an app on a smartphone to go geocaching.
Recognizing that Cub Scout-aged children are influenced by the behavior of adults, use of electronics by adults is discouraged at Cub Scout meetings and events unless the activity requires the use of them or unless the adult is taking pictures of the event.
We understand that many adults have jobs that require them to take phone calls or check email. There may also be other circumstances in which the use of an electronic device is necessary during Cub Scout events. We ask that if you need to use your device during a meeting, event, or a campout, please step away from the children's view to do so.
Many of our Cub Scout leaders have younger children who attend Cub Scout meetings. The younger children may use electronics to keep them occupied while their parents and older siblings participate in the Cub Scout activity.
Using technology in Cub Scouting can be appropriate in the right situation, but we want to help the Scouts learn that they can have fun even without it.
Feel free to use this as a starting point for your pack's policy. You can download your copy by filling out this quick form below to download it.
If you already have a technology policy in your pack, I would love to hear what it includes. Leave a comment and let me know!
Yours in Scouting, | <urn:uuid:de1f4782-d38b-450a-8942-12851a6ef752> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://cubscoutideas.com/6107/cyber-chip-pack-technology-policy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00370.warc.gz | en | 0.961626 | 617 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The government has made an important announcement regarding the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act for non-profit organizations (NGOs). It has decided to extend the validity of registration certificates for NGOs till September 30, 2021.
But what exactly is FCRA?
FCRA or Foreign Contribution Regulation Act 1976, is a law of Government of India which manages receipt of foreign contributions or help from outside India to Indian areas. First enacted in 1976, it was amended in 2010 when a slew of new measures was adopted to regulate foreign donations. The FCRA is applicable to all associations, groups and NGOs which intend to receive foreign donations. It is mandatory for all such NGOs to register themselves under the FCRA. The registration is initially valid for five years and it can be renewed subsequently if they comply with all norms.
Over the years, the law has become more stringent, adversely impacting the work of non-profits, instead of creating an enabling environment for strengthening them.
The FCRA law was again amended in September 2020 to include a clause that mandated that all non-profits receiving foreign aid must necessarily open an account in State Bank of India’s New Delhi Main Branch. The government had initially set the deadline for this account opening as March 31st, 2021; it later extended it to June 30th, 2021 after several non-profits argued in court that there had been delays because necessary approvals from MHA had not been received.
With the new FCRA law, international donors will be discouraged from donating to India as the cost of fund disbursals will go up. People who might have earlier donated to one non-profit, which further sub-granted to another ten non-profits, will now have to disburse grants to these various non-profits individually.
The Ministry of Home Affairs has extended the validity of FCRA registration certificates which have already expired or will expire between September 29th, 2020 and May 31st, 2021 to September 30th, 2021. The decision to extend the deadline has been driven by the exigencies arising from the COVID-19 situation.
Several organizations have not been able to receive foreign funds during the crisis caused by the second wave, and this has impacted their COVID-19 relief efforts. Relaxing the foreign funding rules could significantly help organisations ramp up their operations to help individuals, supply critical healthcare equipment, and respond to communities in rural areas.
NGOs had submitted that they were facing tremendous difficulty both in the opening of the FCRA account, as also in the subsequent approval which is to be obtained from the MHA, as, without the approval of the MHA, no foreign contributions can be received by them.
Notably, The Ministry of Home Affairs on Wednesday extended time for FCRA account holders until June 30, 2021, to open their “FCRA Account” in the New Delhi Main Branch (NDMB) of the State Bank of India. | <urn:uuid:8e8cc79d-30fd-4759-8ef3-52a74a3ea850> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://yoursupport.in/fcra-updates-for-ngos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00370.warc.gz | en | 0.977072 | 590 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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The Ark was brought in with great rejoicing, and we have the psalm sung on the occasion. This great psalm of praise sung by the trained musicians is a compilation of parts of three found in the Book of Psalms, and its three movements are distinguished by the three quotations.
The first part consists of the first fifteen verses of Psalms 105:1-45. This is a general ascription of praise which merges into a call to remembrance of the works of God, and of His government covenant with the people. A slight change is made. In the psalm from which the quotation is made it is declared that God remembered His Covenant. In the form in which it was sung when the Ark was brought in men are called on to remember that Covenant.
The second movement (verses 1Ch 16:23-33 ) is a quotation from Psalms 96:1-13; Psalms 1:1-6; Psalms 2:1-12; Psalms 3:1-8; Psalms 4:1-8; Psalms 5:1-12; Psalms 6:1-10; Psalms 7:1-17; Psalms 8:1-9; Psalms 9:1-20; Psalms 10:1-18; Psalms 11:1-7; Psalms 12:1-8; Psalms 13:1-6. In this the sacrifice of praise moves on to a higher level, and expresses itself in adoration of God for what He is in Himself in majesty.
The third division (verses 1Ch 16:34-36 ) is a quotation of the opening and closing sentences ofPsalms 106:1-48; Psalms 106:1-48, verses 1, 47, and 48. Here again praise moves into a yet higher sphere, and consists of an expression of thankfulness to God for what He is in Himself in mercy.
These movements indicate a growth of experience, centering in the presence of the Ark among a people as the symbol of divine interest and nearness. First, it was that around which God led them and made His Covenant with them. Second, it became the assurance of the display of His power and glory under differing circumstances in their history. Finally, its restoration, after a period of neglect, was the sure token of His mercy.
These files are public domain.
Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission.
Morgan, G. Campbell. "Commentary on 1 Chronicles 16". "Morgan's Exposition on the Bible". https://studylight.org/
the Fifth Week after Epiphany | <urn:uuid:e2459d20-c649-4afe-a3aa-df2c5bf6bc81> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://studylight.org/commentaries/eng/gcm/1-chronicles-16.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00450.warc.gz | en | 0.962802 | 556 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Create Your Own Reality?
By Alison Forster
During this past month I have come across this information three times, which in itself tells me I need to pay attention to it. And after reading the study for yourself you may find yourself wondering what is reality and what do our brains tell us is reality?
In a very early NASA experiment, they placed convex goggles on astronaut candidates that turned everything they saw upside down. They wanted to test the effects of this spatial disorientation on the astronauts' body systems. Would it make them nauseous, have high blood pressure, etc.?
What occurred after three to four weeks was something they did not expect. Each of the astronauts' brains started to turn everything they saw back right side up; while they were still wearing the goggles!
After three to four weeks, each of their brains had formed enough new neural connections to turn this lie into the truth. They had literally re-created reality. They extended the experiment to learn more about this, and, interestingly, when they completed the experiment and the astronauts took off the goggles, everything turned wrong side up again!
They also found that if the goggles were taken off during that three to four week period that this event would not occur. It takes the brain this long to build the new neurons. If we stop the process during the three to four weeks then we need to start all over again.
As we learn new things new synaptic connections are formed in our brains, by repetition, association and emotion. And the more connections there are, the more likely it is that this memory will stay on our 'Important List' nearly permanently.
Sometimes we allow the connections to be 'forced' on us. For example, if you were to be asked where you were last Wednesday at 15.00 hours, chances are you wouldn't immediately recall. But if you were asked where you were when you heard the news about 9/11 you would probably instantly recall. This is because you have repeated this experience many times, via the TV, newspapers, conversations with colleagues and friends. Thus making more and more neural connections until it has become a permanent memory, it has become a reality in your life.
So in future why not pay attention to the people, places and events that you want to be part of your life, of your reality. It's simply a question of making a choice about the connections. Remembering at all times the choice is ours to make, we can choose what to pay attention to and therefore actually 'create' our own realities! | <urn:uuid:11a58ce9-8564-4e18-9bb4-952777ca90f4> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://trans4mind.com/counterpoint/index-happiness-wellbeing/forster2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00450.warc.gz | en | 0.983432 | 515 | 2.671875 | 3 |
In this blog post we will use a Python script to work out how many lego bricks would be needed to build planet Earth!
To solve our problem we will use the following data:
We will work out the number of lego bricks needed in several step using a sequencing algorithm: An algorithm consisting of instructions that are carried out (performed) one after another.
We will use the following steps:
- Convert all measurement to the same unit (e.g. mm)
- Calculate the volume of planet Earth
- Calculate the volume of a lego brick
- Number of bricks needed = volume of planet Earth / volume of a lego brick
We will need to use the following two formulas:
You can now code this algorithm using Python to reveal the answer to the initial question: how many lego bricks are needed to build planet Earth!
Number of lego bricks
If you have completed this algorithm, the final answer should be approximatively:
It is good practice to use subroutines whenever possible as these can then easily be reused in other programs. Your task is to adapt your code by defining a d using two functions as follows:
- Your first subroutine should be called getVolumeOfSphere(), take one parameter called radius and apply the relevant formula to calculate and return the volume of a sphere based on the given radius.
- Your second subroutine should be called getVolumeOfCuboid(), take three parameters called width, length and height and apply the relevant formula to calculate and return the volume of a cuboid based on the given dimensions. | <urn:uuid:17861efb-5828-49c3-bd05-9041d3019038> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.101computing.net/what-if-planet-earth-was-made-of-lego/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00450.warc.gz | en | 0.873454 | 337 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Letter: Helping birds, butterflies, pollinators
Once again, our migratory birds and butterflies need your help. They are on their way back to us from Mexico, Central and South America. The journey is perilous. Many were lost on their way south last fall due to two tropical storms and three hurricanes. Many have to fly directly across the Gulf of Mexico without stopping; a feat not even an Olympic athlete could endure. Up to 85 percent of fatalities occur during migration. And now that they are returning we need to provide friendly spaces with lots of host plants for them to raise their families.
Our butterflies and moths need specific host plants to lay their eggs on such plants as milkweed for monarchs, golden Alexanders for black swallowtails, native viburnum shrubs for the beautiful hummingbird moths, hickory trees for giant Luna moths and other native host plants too numerous to mention. These plants and trees not only produce beautiful butterflies and moths, but feed nests of baby birds with their abundant caterpillars. Plants from other countries just don’t provide this bounty.
A group called Wild Ones Rock River Valley Chapter will be having a native plant sale to help birds, butterflies and pollinators from 3 to 7 p.m. May 11 and from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. May 12. It will feature 95 hard to find native woodland, wetland and prairie plants.
If we are to stop the plummeting numbers of birds, butterflies and pollinators we must turn our yards, that are now food deserts, into food buffets for them. Find the location of our sales by visiting wildonesrrvc.org and scroll down to plant sales, or just call 815-494-7731 for more information.
Please come and help our wild friends as they enrich our lives with their beauty.
— Jane Evans, Wild Ones plant coordinator | <urn:uuid:160c018d-7126-4a0b-94ae-f68b1132ade8> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.rrstar.com/story/opinion/letters/2018/05/02/letter-helping-birds-butterflies-pollinators/12328528007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00450.warc.gz | en | 0.950469 | 389 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Habitats are natural environments or places in which organisms live. Habitats provide the necessities for life such as shelter, water, and food for organisms to live, grow, and reproduce. The earth has two basic types of habitats: land habitats and aquatic habitats. On land, there are dry to wet forests (deserts to tropical rainforests), frozen tundra to verdant grasslands, temperate forests to arid mountain tops. Aquatic habitats are saltwater, marine, freshwater, and wetlands. These different types of habitats support all the biodiversity of life on earth. From the ocean to the arctic pole, the grasslands, wetlands, forests, and mountains each supports different animal and plant life. The environments vary in their range of precipitation (wet to dry) and temperature (hot to cold). Some living organisms (like some birds) move between habitats adapting and continuing to thrive and prosper in habitats that are different. With technologies, people can be dry on, in, and underwater. They can be warm in frigid weather; they can travel and move across deserts. People can live anywhere on earth.
Activity 1 – Ocean Habitat
The largest habitat on earth is the ocean habitat. With over 70% of the earth covered in saltwater, many plants and animals live along, on, and under the ocean. Ocean habitat consists of three zones- the Intertidal shoreline zone, the Pelagic or open ocean zone, and the deep Abyssal Benthic zone. Many plants and animals live on, along, and under the ocean. Wave movement, changing light and temperature from the top to the bottom of these three zones support marine flora and fauna. Ninety percent of them live in the sunlit first two hundred meters of the ocean. The sunlight reaches tiny diatoms or single-celled algae invisible to the human eye, which produce food at the bottom of the food chain for phytoplankton and other animals. Other plants and animals feed on these, including the world’s largest mammals, the blue whales. The ocean’s breadth and depth remain the most extensive, unexplored habit.
Activity 2 – Freshwater Habitats
Freshwater Habitats cover less than 0.01 % of the earth’s surface, yet host over 100,000 species of worms, mollusks, larvae, half of the world’s fish population, birds, and mammals. The four main freshwater habitats are ponds, marshes, swamps, and bogs. River areas, fens, estuaries, lakes, and lagoons as freshwater wetlands are home to 300-400 million people. Wetlands filter the water, provide flood control, storm surge protection, and offer medical, material, and rice products. Wetlands break down heavy metals in wet soils and neutralize bacteria. They also sequester fifty times more carbon than rain forests. Yet wetlands are disappearing. Pollution, new dams, fertilizers, and climate change threaten wetlands. Draw the flora and fauna of a wetland habitat.
Activity 3 – Forest Habitats
Forest habitats cover 30 percent of the earth, providing habitat to many flora and fauna. There are two basic forest types- the temperate forest and the rain forest. The biodiverse life of temperate forests adapts to seasons in which deciduous trees sprout buds in the spring, bloom over the summer, change color in the fall, and drop their leaves in winter. Temperate forests not only clean the air and produce oxygen, but they also purify water, provide sources of medicine for humans, and sequester carbon in their roots. Rainforests are home to the most biodiversity of life on land.
Rainforests get as much as an inch of rain a day, with mist and fog throughout two-hundred-foot tall evergreen trees. It can take ten minutes for a raindrop to fall to the bottom of the rain forest! The temperature remains constant throughout the year, though it is darker at the ground layer. The rainforest has four levels. The lowest shrub layer collects decaying leaves creating food for ants, lizards, tigers, elephants, bears, and more. The under canopy is where moss grows on trunks, and animals fly and swing through the vines—the upper canopy, where leaves branch horizontally. The rainforest’s top is the emergent layer; it gets the sunlight to feed all of the plant and animal life below. Rainforests house the largest diversity of living organisms and are home to more than half of all of the plants and animals on the earth! Draw and label the layers of both rainforest and temperate forest habitat.
Activity 4 – Desert Habitats
Desert habitats formed 8 to 10,000 years ago cover another third of the earth. These areas get little annual rain, or a deluge of rain and then none for years. Deserts have temperature extremes and are very hot during the day and cold at night. Surprisingly, only 20 percent of deserts are sand. The rest are arid lands with exposed bedrock, loose gravel, desert soils, and fluvial deposits in desert lakes. Oases flourish with water from springs, wells, and irrigation. The desert is alive with life. Plants and animals in deserts often only open or come out at night. Plants and animals keep cool and use less water. Succulent cacti hold water, drought/salt-tolerant plants store water in stems and leaves, and other desert plants grow deep underground roots to connect with aquifers storing water underground. Sunflowers and Pea family plants flourish. Flowering plants and grasses and shrubs grow, bloom and live post rainfall. Bobcats, coyotes, and mountain lions hunt in deserts. RedTailed Hawks, owls, and vultures fly overhead looking for prey. Rattlesnakes, turtles, iguanas, and lizards eat black widow spiders, fire ants, and scorpions. Draw and label a picture of the desert and upload your drawing to the gallery!
Activity 5 – Grasslands
Grasslands around the world are flatter areas and appear as savannahs, pampas, prairies, and steppes. They cover 20-40% of the earth’s land. Prairies abound with short and tall grasses and low-lying shrubs and bushes; they experience the four seasons and self-fertilize with burnings. Savannahs are grasslands with occasional trees; low-lying predators hide in the grass, birds of prey, giraffes, and other tall animals see over the grass. The Everglades is a wetland grassland. Steppes are drier areas that support cacti, sagebrush, buffalo, and blue grama grass, offering habitat to birds, snakes, and badgers. The mountainous grasslands are known as alpine tundra. The driest greens exist with less than 50 centimeters of rain per year. Make a drawing of flora and fauna of grassland and label which continent it is on.
Activity 6 – Mountain Habitats
Mountain habitats vary above the tree line depending on location and their mild or tropical temperatures. The terrain above foothills is home to snow-topped coniferous forests and Aspen stands, meadows, lakes, streams, and valleys. Melting snow provides freshwater downstream. Hooved elk, mountain goats, mountain lions, golden eagles, and chipmunks coexist. Draw a mountain habitat and identify several animal and plant habitats that live up in the highest regions of the earth.
Activity 7 – Habitat Symbiosis
Habitats are the place(environment) in which organisms live. Habitats provide the things that an organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce. In each habitat, animals depend on plants to survive as producers, and animals and insects help plants survive. Different locations on earth support different kinds of habitats which in turn have different plant and animal populations. Make a chart of insects, plants, and animals that are necessary to each other and where they live. Be sure to look underground, on the ground, and above ground!
- Alexander Von Humoldt: Nature and Habitat
- Animal Habitats
- Biomes, Ecosystems, & Habitats
- Desert Animals
- Diorama Artic habitat
- Diorama Rainforest Habitat
- Draw a Amazon Rainforest Habitat
- Draw a Beach Habitat
- Draw a Coral Reef Habitat
- Draw a Deciduous Forest Habitat
- Draw an African Grassland
- Draw an American Desert Habitat
- EEK! Env Ed for Kids Habitats
- Explore Habitats
- Forest Habitats WWF
- FreshwaterEco Systems
- Grassland Habitats WWF
- Habitat Projects Map
- Nat Geo Kids Habitats
- National Geographic Habitats
- Paphānaumokuākea Marine Monument
- Populations & Communities Flash Cards
- 2D Geometry
- 3D Geometry
- Bird Houses
- Coral Reefs
- Housing Styles
- HOUSING TYPES
- Nature Play
- Site Analysis
- TIny House
- Tree Identification
- Vernacular Architecture
- Well Being | <urn:uuid:aac9253a-7d61-4b3f-bc5c-2de9a0f35539> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.next.cc/journey/language/habitat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499468.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127231443-20230128021443-00730.warc.gz | en | 0.891207 | 1,995 | 4.125 | 4 |
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Class 12 students can check the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus for 2018-19. CBSE has specified the number of periods and marks for each unit. Also, the Chemistry syllabus has information about Chemistry Theory and Practicals evaluation for class X11. Furthermore, candidates can learn about the Chemistry question paper design. CBSE Chemistry curriculum is intended to facilitate understanding of Chemistry concepts. In addition to this, the curriculum is intended to improve problem solving skills and integrate life skills in the context of Chemistry.
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus- Theory Marks Distribution
CBSE Syllabus clearly assigns the number of periods and marks, unit wise for Class 12 Chemistry. There are 160 theory periods and 60 practical periods. The Chemistry theory exam will be for 3 hours and have total 70 marks.
Check below to see CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Theory Marks Distribution for 2018-19:
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus – Practicals
Chemistry Practicals Evaluation scheme for CBSE Class 12 syllabus outlines the marks allotted for each area. This includes marks assigned for volumetric analysis, salt analysis, content based experiment, project work, and class record and viva. The total marks for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practicals evaluation is 30 marks.
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus- Prescribed Books
Now, let’s see the prescribed text books for CBSE Class XII Chemistry. Given below are the two text books published by NCERT for Chemistry for CBSE Class 12:
Chemistry Part -I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
Chemistry Part -II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
Question paper design – CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
Question paper design for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry measures multiple areas. This includes student’s content knowledge, comprehension, application, and analysis. The question paper is designed to evaluate the following:
* Remembering (knowledge based simple recall questions)
* Understanding (Comprehension based questions to check whether the information is understood conceptually, interpreted, compared, etc.)
* Application ( apply knowledge in new situations, problem solving, etc.)
* High order Thinking Skills (Analysis & Synthesis)
* Evaluation (Appraise, Judge, or Predict outcomes based on values)
Question wise break up- CBSE Class X11 Chemistry
CBSE curriculum gives a sample template showing the question wise break up for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Theory evaluation. The types of questions, marks per question, total number of questions and total marks are given. However, there is chance for certain internal variations as necessary. This will be done while keeping the overall weightage of different typology of question the same. Now, see the Question wise break up for Chemistry Theory evaluation given below:
For more information:
The above information is based on the CBSE Chemistry Syllabus for 2018-19, from the official CBSE website.
Find latest CBSE news and notifications here. And, keep yourself updated about CBSE Syllabus, exam, results and more.
CBSE Class 12 Date sheet/ Timetable 2019
Class 12 Exam timetable/ date sheet for CBSE Board exams has been announced on 23rd December 2018. CBSE 12th Board Exam extend from 15th February, 2019 to 4th April, 2019. Also, for additional information, check CBSE Class 12 Date sheet/ Timetable 2019.
Chemistry Syllabus for CBSE Class 12
CBSE Board has published the Chemistry Syllabus for 12th grade, for the academic year 2018-19. Detailed outline of both Chemistry Theory and Practicals evaluation is given. For details, check CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2018-19
Check CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2018-19. Now, students can find out more about Biology Theory and Practicals evaluation. Furthermore, learn more about question paper design and question wise break up for Class XII. Now, click here for more information about CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2018-19. Also, check below to see the CBSE Class 12 Biology Theory Evaluation, as per the CBSE Syllabus 2018-19.
Choose right stream after 10th, personality wise
You are unique! And, similar to a beautiful garden with flowers of different colours, our world is filled with people of different personalities. So, try to get a glimpse of your unique personality traits. This will help you as you move forward in your life, including choosing your stream of study and career. Now, check here to find more about choosing the right stream after 10th, personality wise.
Results of CBSE Board Class 10 exams have been declared. For details, check the official CBSE website at www.cbseresults.nic.in, www.cbse.nic.in, or www.results.nic.in
CBSE Class 12 Results 2018 announced
Results of Class 12 board exams by CBSE have already been announced. For details, check www.cbseresults.nic.in, www.cbse.nic.in, or www.results.nic.in
Class 10 Date sheet/ Timetable for CBSE Board Exams
Class 10 Exam timetable/ date sheet for CBSE Board exams is published on 11th January 2018. CBSE Class X Board Exams will start on March 5 and will finish on April 4, 2018. Now, find out more details here, CBSE Class 10 Date sheet/ Timetable.
CBSE Class 10 Admit card/ Hall Ticket
Now, bringing a stop to candidate’s waiting, CBSE has released the Class 10 Admit Card on February 6, 2018. So, click here to find out more information about CBSE Class 10 Hall Ticket 2018.
CBSE Class 12 Admit card/ Hall Ticket
The CBSE Class 12 Admit Card/ Hall Ticket 2018 has been available in the official CBSE website from 6th February 2018. Candidates can easily download the admit card from the official website in a few simple steps. Now, check here to find more details about the CBSE 12th Hall Ticket 2018.
As in previous years, CBSE has published the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2018-19. Here, you can find details about the theory marks distribution, units and chapters, and Practicals evaluation scheme. Also, information about Biology question paper design, question wise break up and the prescribed text books are also given.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Theory Marks Distribution
Here, let’s see the theory marks and periods distribution, based on the official CBSE Syllabus for Biology for Class 12. Also, the total time allowed for theory is 3 hours and the total marks is 70.
Biology Units & Chapters- CBSE Class 12
Unit V1 Reproduction has the following chapters:
Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution has chapter5, 6 and 7, as given below:
Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare has the following chapters:
Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Unit-IX Biotechnology and Its Applications has Chapter 11 and 12, as given below:
Chapter-11: Biotechnology – Principles and processes
Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application
Unit-X Ecology and Environment has the following chapters:
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Chapter-16: Environmental Issues
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus – Practicals
The time allowed for practicals is 3 hours and maximum marks is 30. So check the practicals evaluation scheme, as per the CBSE Class X11 Syllabus for Biology.
PRACTICALS Evaluation Scheme
Prescribed Text books for CBSE Class 12 Biology
As per CBSE, the following books are prescribed for CBSE Class 12 Biology:
Biology, Class-XII, Published by NCERT
Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also)
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus- Question paper design
CBSE Class 12 Biology Question paper will be designed to measure the students subject matter expertise in a comprehensive manner. Therefore, the question paper will evaluate the following:
* Remembering (knowledge based)
* Understanding (Comprehension)
* High order Thinking Skills (Analysis & Synthesis)
Question wise break up- CBSE Class X11 Biology
CBSE has given a sample template showing the question wise break up for CBSE Class 12 Biology Theory evaluation. Also, the types of questions, marks per question, total number of questions and total marks are given. However, there may be some internal changes made to the sample template, as needed. Check below to see the Question wise break up for Biology Theory evaluation:
Type of Question
Marks per Question
Total No. of Questions
Very Short Answer
For additional details:
The above information is based on the CBSE Biology Syllabus for 2018-19, from the official CBSE website.
NEET Cut off 2018, 2017- Category wise marks for Unreserved, OBC, SC, ST
CBSE has published the NEET Cut off 2018 along with the results. Now, candidates can check the official NEET website, www.cbseneet.nic.in, for category wise NEET 2018 Cut off. By checking the NEET Cut off, NEET candidates will be able to see if they are eligible for admission to MBBS/ BDS Courses in India. This article will provide important information about NEET Cut off 2018, 2017, 2016. Also given is its importance in checking eligibility for admission to MBBS/ BDS Courses in India.
NEET cut off 2018 for counseling under 15% All India Quota Seats
Category Marks Range No. of Candidates
Unreserved 691-119 634897
OBC 118-96 54653
SC 118-96 17209
ST 118-96 7446
Unreserved – PH 118-107 205
OBC – PH 106-96 104
SC – PH 106-96 36
ST – PH 106-96 12
NEET cut off 2017 for counseling under All India Quota Seats
Category Marks Range No. of Candidates
Unreserved 697-131 543473
OBC 130-107 47382
SC 130-107 14599
ST 130-107 6018
Unreserved – PH 130-118 67
OBC – PH 130-107 152
SC – PH 130-107 38
ST – PH 130-107 10
NEET cut- off 2016 for counseling under All India Quota Seats
Candidates can check below to compare the NEET cut off 2016 for counseling under All India Quota Seats for admission to MBBS/ BDS Courses.
Category Marks Range No. of Candidates
Unreserved 685-468 14315
OBC 468-465 230
SC 468-352 2815
ST 466-303 1427
Unreserved-PH 466-214 430
OBC – PH 213-210 10
SC – PH 209-130 75
ST – PH 213 – 118 23
Check this video about NEET Cut off 2017, 2016 to get a better idea about your probability of securing admission to Medical or Dental Colleges:
NEET Cut off 2018- Important Dates
NEET 2018 Cut off Score & Results were published on the dates, as given below:
Declaration of NEET 2018 Result- 4th June, 2018.
Declaration of NEET 2018 Cut off- 4th June, 2018.
Another important criteria for eligibility for admission to MBBS/ BDS Courses in 2018 is to secure NEET score within the qualifying percentile for respective category. Now check below the qualifying percentile for NEET score, for each category:
Meeting the qualifying percentile for the NEET 2018, based on the candidate’s category, is important. Additionally, candidates will have to meet the NEET cut off marks to be eligible for admission to MBBS/BDS Courses 2018.
Which candidates are eligible for All India Quota Seats?
All candidates eligible for All India Quota Seats for admission to MBBS/ BDS Courses may check the previous year’s NEET Results and Cut off score. Following candidates are eligible for 15% All India Quota Seats:
Non Resident Indians (NRIs)
Oversees Citizen of India (OCIs)
Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) &
However, candidates from Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Jammu & Kashmir are not eligible for 15% all India quota seats. This is because these States have opted out of All India Scheme from the beginning. In order to be eligible, candidates from these states should submit online Self Declaration and should present it during counselling.
Please note, candidates who are eligible for 15% all India quota seats or are placed in the Merit/ Wait List should follow the instructions given in the Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) website, www.mcc.nic.in.
NEET cut off marks & merit list for State quota seats
NEET cut off marks and merit list for State quota seats for admission to MBBS/ BDS Courses will be decided by the state counseling and admitting authorities in each state. Regarding the State quota seats, CBSE will only be responsible to provide the All India Rank. It is the responsibility of the admitting authorities in each state to accept applications for counseling for State quota Medical seats. According to the All India Rank of candidates, admitting authorities in each state will create the Merit List for counseling under state quota.
Regarding NEET cut off marks & merit list for State quota seats, candidates should follow additional instructions. This will be provided by the State Government and/or admitting or counseling authorities of the respective medical/dental colleges or institution or University.
NEET OMR Sheet and answer key available before NEET Cut off 2018
Prior to declaring the NEET 2018 Cut off marks & results, NEET OMR Sheet and answer key was made available to candidates. Every year, candidates are able to download the NEET OMR Sheet and answer key from the official CBSE NEET website. The dates will be announced in the official CBSE NEET website. Once available, candidates can check the NEET OMR Sheet and answer key and estimate their NEET score. Moreover, several private entrance coaching centers will publish the NEET answer key & expected cut off marks soon after the NEET Exam.
Check here for NEET OMR Sheet and NEET Answer Key 2018- Important Instructions!
How is NEET cut off 2018 important for NEET 2019 candidates?
Candidates can check the previous year’s NEET cut off 2018 to estimate the NEET cut off 2019. This way, one can see the probability of securing a seat in the merit list. For checking the probability of securing admission to MBBS/BDS Courses, candidates will have to go through the following steps:
* Download the NEET 2019 OMR Sheet and answer key, when available in the official CBSE NEET website. * Carefully check for any mistakes in the NEET 2019 answer key and OMR sheet. * Candidates have the option to challenge the NEET OMR Sheet and answer key, if needed. * Calculate the expected NEET score, based on the NEET 2019 OMR Sheet and answer key. Compare their estimated NEET score with the previous year’s NEET 2018 cut off score. * This will give an overall idea about their probability of getting admission to MBBS/ BDS Courses. * Additionally, candidates can compare their estimated NEET score with previous year’s NEET cut off marks for All India, State, private Medical Colleges quota seats. Checking the category wise cut off marks will give a better idea about eligibility under a specific category.
Check this NEET joke/ riddle about chambers of the eye, under Biology topics:
Check our video: Top 5 mistakes to avoid on Test day – NEET/ JEE/ AIIMS!
Over 13 lakh candidates, all over India, have attended NEET UG 2018. We understand that these days and hours of hard work and waiting are taxing for you and your well wishers. Whatever the NEET results be, keep yourself focused and motivated. Read & share our special motivational message to all test takers: Together, in these testing times!- A message to all test takers.
Download JEE Main Result and Score/ Rank Card 2018- Important Instructions
JEE Main result 2018 and JEE Score Card 2018 was released on April 30, 2018. The steps to download JEE Main result and Score Card 2018, along with other important instructions, are given below. Joint Entrance Examination Main 2018 was conducted on April 8, 15 and 16, 2018. Around 11.5 lakh candidates appeared for JEE Main 2018. JEE Main Score card will contain marks and rank obtained in JEE Main paper 1 and the qualification status of candidates, who are to appear in the JEE Advanced 2017. This year, top 2,24,000 candidates, based on the JEE Main results, will be qualified to take JEE Advanced 2018. It is important that candidates check these instructions regarding checking the results.
Check this video to find stepwise instructions to view and download JEE Main Score card/ Rank card 2018, which is same as the steps in 2017:
If you prefer to read instead and need additional instructions, please continue reading.
When to check JEE Main result and Score Card 2018?
JEE Main result 2018 and Score/ Rank Card 2018 will be available to download on April 27, 2018.
Where to download JEE Main 2018 result and Score/ Rank Card 2018?
As per the information in the official JEE Main website, JEE Main result and Score/ Rank Card 2018 can be downloaded from the official JEE Main website, http://jeemain.nic.in/
Candidates can also check the same at CBSE results page at http://cbseresults.nic.in/
Please note, JEE score/ rank card will not be mailed to candidates. So, candidates will have to save and download it, when available.
How to download JEE Main result 2018 and Score/ Rank Card 2018?
On the date specified above, candidates can follow these steps to download JEE Main result and Score/ Rank Card:
* First, go to the official JEE Main website, http://jeemain.nic.in/
* Click on the link to JEE Main 2018 Results
* Enter required information (Roll number & date of birth).
* Submit it.
* Save & download the JEE Score/ rank card.
* Take a printout for future reference
* Check for any further instructions
What information is available in JEE Main 2018 result and Score/ Rank Card?
The JEE Main Score/ Rank Card will include the following information. Candidates are requested to carefully check these:
* Marks obtained in JEE Main paper 1.
* Whether the candidate is qualified to appear in JEE Advanced 2018 ( provided other eligibility conditions are met).
* All India Rank (AIR)
* All India Category Rank
Important Instructions about JEE Main result and Score/ Rank Card 2018
It is necessary that candidates check these important instructions regarding the JEE Main result 2018, given below:
-Admissions through Central Seat Allocation Board to NITs, IIITs, CFTIs, SFIs,& others will be based on the All India Rank (AIR). However, candidates should note that the other ranks are intended for information purposes.
-When calculating the 2018 JEE Main rank, no weightage for the Class 12 marks will be given.
-In order to qualify for admission to IITs/NITs/IIITs and other CFTIs, which are based on the JEE Advanced/JEE Main ranks, candidates should meet the following eligibility conditions:
-Candidates should secure minimum 75% marks in class 12 examination.
Candidates should be in the top 20percentile in class 12 examination, for respective boards.
-SC/ST students should secure minimum 65% marks in the 12th class examination.
Additional Instructions regarding JEE Main result 2018
JEE Main 2018 paper 1 cut off score was also be announced with the results on April 30, 2018.
However, JEE Main paper 2 results and cut off was announced on May 30, 2018.
JEE Main 2018 cut off score
JEE Main 2018 cut off score is lower than that of 2017. The JEE Main 2018 cut off score for General Category candidates is 74. This is lower than the JEE Main cut off score of 81 for General Category in 2017.
JEE Main cut off 2018
OBC- NCL- 45
JEE Main cut off 2017
OBC- NCL- 49
As shown below, JEE Main 2016 cut off score is lower than that of 2015. When analyzing previous years’ data, JEE Main cut off scores have been lower than previous year’s.
Candidates can check previous years’ JEE Main cut off marks below:
JEE Main cut off 2016
OBC- NCL- 70
JEE Main cut off 2015
OBC- NCL- 70
Also, JEE Main cut off for general category, for the year 2014 and 2013, were 115 and 113 respectively.
Problems related to downloading JEE Main Result 2018 and JEE Score Card 2018
It is important to keep in mind that candidates may encounter problems or delay in downloading JEE Main Result and Score/ Rank Card 2018. Based on previous year’s experience, the official website could be down for sometime after JEE result announcements. Due to high traffic to the official website, there could be delay in downloading the JEE Score card. This is usually temporary, as many candidates are trying to login at the same time. In previous years, even some of the top rankers experienced delay in accessing the official JEE website and downloading their JEE (Main) Result and Score/ Rank Card 2018. Candidates confirm that such last minute wait for the results can be stressful. However, in such situations, candidates are requested to be patient and are asked to visit the official website later, after sometime.
Check this video to see the Top 25 Best Engineering Colleges in India, based on 2017 Rankings: | <urn:uuid:91927c5d-f08b-4920-9cd0-e4dfb88178a7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.myacademicguide.com/2018/06/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499819.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130133622-20230130163622-00010.warc.gz | en | 0.882965 | 4,880 | 3.09375 | 3 |
PARIS — Should Palmyra be rebuilt? And under what conditions? No sooner had Syrian forces and the Russian Army freed the "pearl of the desert," a spectacular Greco-Roman city with traces of Eastern influence, from the yoke of the Islamic State (ISIS), then the debate over how to restore it to its former glory was underway. Scientists, archeologists, historians and architects have all weighed in on the question, but it's also become a source of political exploitation.
Half-way between the Euphrates River and the Mediterranean Sea, this "irreplaceable treasure" was once a wealthy hub for trade between the East and West. In the first century, Palmyra became a Roman province. With their caravans composed of hundreds of camels, Semitic tribes ferried silk, cotton, precious stones and spices from China and India, as well as Arabian incense, all sold at exorbitant prices in Rome. Thanks to this booty, they were able to finance the construction of an enormous city.
Palmyra was still among the most impressive historical sites in the Middle East until ISIS jihadists, moved by their crazed obsession with wiping away all traces of ancient civilizations, attacked it in August 2015, much the way they had previously done in Mosul, Nimrud, Hatra and Ninive. They sacked the museum and packed explosives into a dozen burial towers, the city's two major sanctuaries — the Temple of Bel (God) and the charming Temple of Baalshamin (god of fertility) — and a monumental arch that opens onto a 1,200-meter (3,937 ft.) long colonnade, the center of this shining cultural beacon.
In this newly liberated city, should we turn the page as soon as possible to erase the devastation wrought by ISIS? Rebuild no matter the cost, with faux sites snuffing the originals out from memory? Or should we preserve this jewel —a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1980 — exactly as it is, ruins and all? That last option was what was decided in Bamyan, Afghanistan, where all that remains of the giant Buddhas carved into the cliffs are the indentations that once housed them. The Taliban blew these figures up with dynamite in 2001, viewing them as idols from a past they despise, and now, their empty shells are a testament to the brutality of Afghan religious fundamentalists. In the case of Palmyra, on the other hand, political pressure has led some to fear an overly hasty reconstruction.
At the end of March, Dmitry Peskov, spokesman for the Kremlin, caused an uproar with the following statement: "The President of the Russian Federation, and the General Director of UNESCO, Irina Bokova, have agreed that UNESCO, Russia and Syria will take necessary action to assess the damage caused by the terrorists in Palmyra and initiate a reconstruction plan in the near future." According to UNESCO, Putin told Bokova by telephone that Russia was ready to send Russian experts from the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg to support reconstruction efforts in Palmyra.Then, on May 5, the Symphonic Orchestra of the Mariinsky Theater in Saint Petersburg performed Bach and Prokofiev in the heart of ancient Palmyra, in the very the amphitheater where ISIS had staged the killings of local citizens using children as executioners. The event was broadcast live on Russian television, with taped commentary from Putin.
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The Mariinsky Orchestra concert was broadcast live in Russia — Photo: Kremlin
Reactions to this offensive move by Russia were immediate. On March 27, a petition with 500 signatures urged UNESCO to "act as a neutral scientific, technical and educational organization" unifying all Syrians. Shirin, an international organization composed of 49 excavation site directors and 36 researchers, archaeologists, and historians who work in Syria and the Near East, added its voice: "To restore Palmyra, yes! Hastily, no."
"Palmyra is clearly being used in a political manner, and we reacted to that," said Shirin president Frank Braemer. "Putin's video is what we typically call appropriation over an event or a site. Protesting on behalf of the community is the least we can do. We have a very good relationship with Maamoun Abdulkarim, the director of Antiquities and Museums in Syria. I am convinced that what drives him is a scientific, not political, interest in preserving cultural heritage. There is a Syrian government responsible for the country's future and it provides a respectable service, just a like education."
Braemer believes a rushed rebuilding effort that does not rely on the site's existing structures would be disastrous. "We must first make a general assessment of the damage. Once peace has returned to Syria, we will be able to consider how to restore Palmyra," says Rolf Andreas Stucky, a Swiss archaeologist from the University of Basel. "Let's imagine for a moment that we were talking about Paris. It would be as though there were no more Notre-Dame, no more Sainte-Chapelle, and the necropolis of the French kings at Saint-Denis had been pillaged and sacked. As though the roof of the Louvre were so damaged that water flowed through all the rooms; paintings were slashed; sculptures were destroyed; and small items had been stolen. As though the Opéra Garnier and the city's Haussmann building façades were ruined."
In Stucky's opinion, the damage inflicted on Palmyra is just that extensive.
On February 16, Cambodian Chau Sung Kerya — advisor to the Apsara Authority government body in the former capital of the Khmer empire — presented a document titled "From Angkor to Palmyra" to the French Ministry of Culture, illustrating how the country had restored its Angkor temples.
For the past 23 years, this restoration project has been supervised by the UNESCO International Coordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor, an ad hoc body created in 1993 to manage contributions from various countries and organizations. The committee meets each year under Cambodian stewardship to discuss and decide on each restoration projects. Could this be a good model for restorations in the Syrian city?
"This system works well, with a technical committee that evaluates propositions and closely monitors work on the sites," says archeologist Mounir Bouchenaki, director of the Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage in Bahrain. He is responsible for of 76 World Heritage sites, and is also an Angkor expert.
"We will rebuild the buildings in some cases, but we should also leave some areas in ruins to show the destruction ISIS caused," he adds.
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Restoration work in Angkor — Photo: McKay Savage
Pierre-André Lablaude, one of the UNESCO experts working to protect the Angkor site, says reconstruction should account for the passage of time and any particular local factors. "It's like in medicine: we proceed on a case-by-case basis. In Palmyra, what is the state of the materials? To what extent are they recoverable? Taking inventory is the first step. The restoration business is one of doses, proportions, and subtleties. It is a matter of aesthetics, public acceptance and the poetry of ruins."
UNESCO has indicated that a complete report of recommendations and measures to safeguard Syrian heritage will be presented in July in Istanbul, during the 40th meeting of the Committee of World Heritage.
Abdulkarim, the director of Antiquities and Museums in Syria, tries to reassure the public. "Our goal is not to rebuild the city in the same fashion as modern buildings," he says. "That would completely go against a century's worth of scientific professionalism." | <urn:uuid:091513ee-2a16-44d0-a0b3-17a4ca2c4ae2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://worldcrunch.com/culture-society/palmyra-the-politics-and-poetry-of-restoring-war-ruins | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499819.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130133622-20230130163622-00010.warc.gz | en | 0.95955 | 1,646 | 2.875 | 3 |
- Pathogens are increasingly becoming resistant to treatment and the choice of antibiotics to treat infections is limited.
- Stimulating the production of the hormone hepcidin, produced by the liver, limits the spread of the bacteria that causes pneumonia.
- Hepcidin helps by hiding the iron in blood from the bacteria thus preventing its growth and survival.
A hormone, hepcidin, that is responsible for controlling iron metabolism helps fight off a severe form of bacterial pneumonia, by preventing the bacteria from spreading throughout the body.
This discovery by a team of researchers from the University of Virginia School of Medicine, could open the door to helping vulnerable patients.
The bacteria needs iron in the blood to grow and survive and the hormone that is produced in the liver, limits the spread of the bacteria by hiding the iron in the blood.
Inducing the production of hepcidin in patients who do not produce it well, such as people with iron overload or liver disease, may help their bodies effectively tackle the bacteria by starving it to death.
That finding could be lifesaving for these vulnerable patients.
"The rate at which these organisms become resistant to antibiotics is far faster than the rate at which we come up with new antibiotics. It's a race, and they're winning it," said researcher Borna Mehrad, MBBS, of UVA's Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. "Increasingly, the choice of antibiotics to treat these infections is more and more limited, and there are occasions where there just isn't an antibiotic to treat with, which is a very scary and dangerous situation."
Role of Hepcidin
The research team from the University of California, Los Angeles, found that mice that had been genetically modified to lack hepcidin were particularly susceptible to bacterial pneumonia. All the mice were killed because the lack of hepcidin resulted in the spread of bacteria from the lungs into their bloodstream.
"It's the exact same thing that happens in people," Mehrad said. "The mice that lacked the hormone weren't able to hide iron away from the bacteria, and we think that's why the bacteria did so well in the blood."
Many people lack the hormone because of genetic illnesses or liver disease.
"It's quite common," said Kathryn Michels, graduate student and first author of a manuscript outlining the findings. "We think this line of research is very relevant to the many people who can't make this hormone very well and are, clinically, very susceptible to these infections."
A drug, that has been developed to treat chronic iron overload, such as is seen in people with hereditary hemochromatosis, has been found to mimic the function of hepcidin and could be used to decrease the iron levels in the blood of pneumonia patients who lack hepcidin.
"We think that short-term treatment with this drug should be an effective way of treating these [pneumonia] infections," Mehrad said. "At least in mice, it seems to work extremely well."
The findings have been published online by the scientific journal JCI Insight.
- Borna Mehrad et al. Hepcidin-mediated iron sequestration protects against bacterial dissemination during pneumonia. JCI Insight; (2017) doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.92002 | <urn:uuid:90320c26-86f3-4c85-8e4a-778d15dd3bd7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.medindia.net/news/healthwatch/new-avenues-open-up-for-treating-pneumonia-168936-1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499819.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130133622-20230130163622-00010.warc.gz | en | 0.96527 | 697 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Having a leaner body may not always mean you have a lower risk of heart disease.
Scientists have recently discovered that the gene IRS1, called lean gene is not only linked to the risk of diabetes type 2 but also that of heart disease.
This gene IRS1 does lower fat, but only subcutaneous fat – fat under the skin, and not visceral fat, the fat around organs such as in the liver and in muscle. Individuals with the IRS1 gene may store fat in parts of the body that interfere with normal organ function because they are less able to store subcutaneous fat. This was found to be especially the case among males. Men are more sensitive to changes in fat distributions than women. Thus, they store less fat. Fat stored internally is worse for you than fat stored under the skin.
People, particularly men, with a specific form of the gene are both more likely to have lower percent body fat, but also to develop heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The gene seems to be associated having higher blood glucose and cholesterollevels, both key factors in heart disease and diabetes type 2 risk.
Almost people thought that overweight individuals can be predisposed for these metabolic diseases and lean individuals shouldn’t make assumptions that they are healthy based on their appearance. But now the discovery about gene IRS1 will provide new insights into why not all lean people are healthy and, conversely, why not all overweight people are at risk of metabolic diseases.
However it does not mean that being overweight is bad for your heart health. We mustn’t ignore what we eat and how active we are, which also plays a vital role in maintaining good health. | <urn:uuid:d3d17e2e-bac0-4e43-b56d-c53008648a91> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.health32.com/lean-people-may-have-high-risk-of-heart-diseases/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499890.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131190543-20230131220543-00090.warc.gz | en | 0.963873 | 340 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Underwater Grasses Double in Chesapeake Bay, But Now Face New Threat
It’s a warm afternoon on the Chesapeake Bay, with a light breeze and the clouds piled high, and Brooke Landry, a biologist with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, is in a skiff motoring toward Marshy Creek.
After weaving between channel markers, she finally reaches a cluster of floating islands of underwater grasses. It’s a dense jungle, with seedpods projecting from the surface like clusters of grapes. Hundreds of minnows dart between the branches and a Chesapeake stingray glides past.
Landry, chair of the Chesapeake Bay Program’s aquatic vegetation research workgroup, reaches down into the forest and pulls up a handful of plants.
“The one I’ve got in my hand right now is Elodea canadensis, Canadian waterweed,” she says, fingering a feathery shaft. “It’s a lovely, beautiful plant. The second one I managed to grab was redhead grass, Potamogeton perfoliatus. It’s different from a lot of grasses in the bay because it has these small, maybe one inch long leaves that grow alternately all the way up the stalk.”
Underwater grasses are both the best single indicator of the Chesapeake Bay’s health and one of its strongest engines of improved water quality. Grasses filter out sediment, produce oxygen, and provide shelter for a galaxy of life forms.
After declining sharply in the early 1970s, and then two decades with little real improvement, the extent of underwater grasses in the Chesapeake Bay has suddenly more than doubled over the last five years, according to data from aerial surveys led by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). The amount of aquatic vegetation in the bay expanded from 48,000 acres in 2012 to 97,000 acres last year – the largest amount since monitoring began in the 1980s.
Now, to be clear, the recovering grass beds are still just a fraction of their historic coverage, which might have been 600,000 acres, according to VIMS researchers. And underwater grasses frequently get buried in mud by major storms, as happened in 2011 with Tropical Storm Lee and Hurricane Irene.
But there is no question the grasses are on an upswing since 2012. What’s the cause? For the first time in years, water clarity in the bay has been improving and algal blooms declining, according to annual report cards by the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. The clearer water allows light to penetrate to the bottom, which – in turn -- allows submerged aquatic vegetation to photosynthesize and spread.
Landry and scientists in Virginia have concluded that the driving forces behind the improvement are legal, numeric limits on pollution in the bay imposed by the Environmental Protection Agency in 2010.
“Mainly what we are hoping to attribute it to is the Total Maximum Daily Load, the pollution diet,” Landry said of the EPA pollution limits. “That has restricted the amount of nutrients – the phosphorus, nitrogen and sediments – that go into the water. All of the Chesapeake Bay watershed states have agreed to reduce their pollutants, and a lot of best management practices have been put in place. The water is clearing up as a result, and that’s helping the SAV come back.”
Robert Orth, a professor at VIMS who leads the annual project to conduct aerial surveys of bay grasses, agreed with Landry’s analysis. "I think it's pretty impressive, and I think it speaks a lot to the fact that we think that the efforts to clean up the bay, the TMDLs, probably are working,” Orth told the (Hampton Roads, Virginia) Daily Press.
The twist in the encouraging plotline for the bay is this: The Trump Administration earlier this year chose an administrator for EPA, Scott Pruitt, who – as Oklahoma Attorney General – filed a lawsuit to challenge these EPA pollution limits, which were opposed by the farm lobby and developers. The administration is also proposing to eliminate all funding for the Chesapeake Bay Program that Landry works with.
A bipartisan group of lawmakers from the bay region are fighting these cuts. Whether they succeed or fail may decide whether the great comeback of the Chesapeake’s underwater forests continues or sinks. | <urn:uuid:57243293-82e6-458f-9ecb-f5a37b780be9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.wypr.org/show/the-environment-in-focus/2017-08-09/underwater-grasses-double-in-chesapeake-bay-but-now-face-new-threat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499890.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131190543-20230131220543-00090.warc.gz | en | 0.94754 | 914 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Scientists have already noticed that Pluto has a heart-shaped region made up of ice. But how did this happen?
According to research by the French scientists Tanguy Bertrand and François Forget, the existence of this glacier is the result of a combination of local surface features and atmospheric processes.
In the study, published in Nature in 2016, researchers detailed the structure of giant ice made up of frozen nitrogen mixed with carbon monoxide and methane.
It covers an area four kilometers deep and a thousand kilometers wide in the Sputnik Plain of Pluto.
To understand the origins of this glacier, the two scientists conducted numerical simulations of the evolution of the chemical components of the dwarf planet’s ice deposits over the course of 50,000 Earth years. They found that the terrain affected the formation of the glacier, intensifying the cooling of the ice.
Weather cycles also showed seasonal frosts that match data collected by NASA’s New Horizons mission and observations of polar flares seen since 1985.
Scientists’ simulations indicated that these seasonal frosts are expected to disappear within the next decade. The study authors say that future observations may provide new opportunities to test their models.
Another study published in Nature Communications in March of this year highlights that there is more evidence that ice “volcanoes” were active until recently on Pluto.
Instead of spewing lava, they’re spewing a thick, muddy mixture of water and ice, “or perhaps a solid liquid like a glacier” from Earth, a planetary scientist at the South East Research Institute in Colorado, Kelsey Singer, told AFP.
The search was made possible by analyzing data and images generated by the New Horizons probe, the first spacecraft that explored Pluto in 2015.
Pluto was once a planet
Pluto was discovered in 1930 and has been highlighted for years as the ninth planet in the solar system.
However, in 2006, astronomers from the International Astronomical Union I decided to take her out of this category.
In general, a planet is considered as such when it is a celestial body, without its own light, and orbits a star.
In the case of Pluto, astronomers considered it too small. Another fact is that its orbit relative to the Sun is influenced by the orbit of Neptune. Therefore, it is not parallel to the other planets in the solar system.
The change was controversial. In 2019, NASA stated that Pluto should indeed be considered a planet, reigniting discussions.
In 2021, a new group of scholars argued that his demotion was based on reactionary thinking. To date, Pluto is still not classified as a planet.
“Wannabe internet buff. Future teen idol. Hardcore zombie guru. Gamer. Avid creator. Entrepreneur. Bacon ninja.” | <urn:uuid:90fe5d64-e3cb-47d2-908a-697ced7b1579> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.brytfmonline.com/why-does-pluto-have-a-heart-of-ice-knowledge-has-the-answer-26-6-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00410.warc.gz | en | 0.944336 | 577 | 4.09375 | 4 |
‘Disciplinary literacy’ method gets students more engaged
Fifty-four percent of African American students at Washington Technology Magnet Middle School did better in reading than their peers in the state, based on the results of the MCA-II tests in 2006. In math, 57 percent of Washington’s African American students did better than their peers in the same testing period.
Washington Middle School has a student population of 600 seventh and eighth graders, 25 percent of whom are African Americans; the majority is Asian American. Principal Mike McCollor attributes the high performance of these students in part to the “disciplinary literacy” teaching approach implemented at Washington Middle three years ago.
McCollor explained that the disciplinary literacy approach was introduced in 2002 by the Institute for Learning at the University of Pittsburgh. Researchers at the university looked at approximately 10,000 classrooms nationwide that had measurable achievement gains.
By analyzing what those successful teachers were doing right, they identified five principles of learning — and that’s what disciplinary literacy is based on.
“By using this disciplinary literacy approach, we treat middle-school students as practitioners,” said McCollor. He used the analogy of learning to play a musical instrument.
“When you are learning how to play an instrument in music, for example, you are a musician. You don’t just study the instrument, and look at it, and answer questions about it, and figure out how notes go. You put the instrument in your hands, and there you go — you are a practitioner.
“You still have to have the instruction, but you learn as you go. So it is with disciplinary literacy — it is more of an apprenticeship model.”
One of the big differences about this approach, observed McCollor, is that students are encouraged to participate. The student who would normally interrupt the classroom with inappropriate comments is challenged to contribute opinions in an acceptable manner. For many students, especially those with a tendency to be more vocal, talking in class has become a fun way for them to share their learning with each other.
By using this approach, the educator focuses on what the student is learning instead of looking solely at what the teacher is teaching. In classrooms where the teacher has attended level-three training, the students are four times more likely to perform at a higher level.
All teachers at Washington Middle School are trained in the disciplinary literacy approach, starting at level one, and the master teachers go all the way to level three. “The number-one result we see is that kids are more engaged,” McCollor reported, “and the overall results show that the amount of growth is phenomenal. So, that’s why we keep moving teachers in that direction.
“Kids are learning faster,” said McCollor. “Last year we were the only high-poverty middle school in the state that made Adequate Yearly Progress.”
Washington Middle, located on Marion Street in St. Paul, has a strong commitment to technology, providing students with hands-on computer experience through classroom instruction and special projects. The school also has an outstanding music program. The building has undergone some recent renovation and that gave it an open, clean and progressive atmosphere.
For more information about Washington Middle, visit www.washington.spps.org.
Jennifer Holder welcomes reader responses to email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:f49f7df4-3af7-4d79-ae95-1622d4f4c606> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.tcdailyplanet.net/black-kids-excel-st-paul-s-washington-middle-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00490.warc.gz | en | 0.963345 | 712 | 2.921875 | 3 |
To a greater extent than still widely assumed, the German scholar Aby Warburg drew, throughout his life, on the lessons of two of its early episodes: his travels of 1895–96 among Pueblo Indian communities in the North American Southwest, and his residence of 1896–97 in Berlin, which he prized as a center for the study of ethnography, ethnology, and anthropology. Over the next three decades, this pioneering thinker was able to affect a fruitful amalgamation of those disciplines with that of art history (in which he had himself been trained): the origin of a form of cultural studies that continues to exert an extraordinary intellectual allure. Quoting from Warburg’s diaries, notebooks, and correspondence, this newly translated study throws fresh light on a most eventful journey through the realm of ideas.
In science and technology, the images used to depict ideas, data, and reactions can be as striking and explosive as the concepts and processes they embody—both works of art and generative forces in their own right. Drawing on a close dialogue between the histories of art, science, and technology, The Technical Image explores these images not as mere illustrations or examples, but as productive agents and distinctive, multilayered elements of the process of generating knowledge. Using beautifully reproduced visuals, this book not only reveals how scientific images play a constructive role in shaping the findings and insights they illustrate, but also—however mechanical or detached from individual researchers’ choices their appearances may be—how they come to embody the styles of a period, a mindset, a research collective, or a device.
Opening with a set of key questions about artistic representation in science, technology, and medicine, The Technical Image then investigates historical case studies focusing on specific images, such as James Watson’s models of genes, drawings of Darwin’s finches, and images of early modern musical automata. These case studies in turn are used to illustrate broad themes ranging from “Digital Images” to “Objectivity and Evidence” and to define and elaborate upon fundamental terms in the field. Taken as a whole, this collection will provide analytical tools for the interpretation and application of scientific and technological imagery. | <urn:uuid:bca87b50-1362-401f-97c4-64a946949359> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://press-bv2.uchicago.edu/BV.titles.epl?tquery=Bredekamp%252C%2520Horst | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500671.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208024856-20230208054856-00570.warc.gz | en | 0.93942 | 448 | 2.953125 | 3 |
In this post we are going to look at docker networks in a sort of crash course.
- We start with learning what types of networks there are
- We then look at a simple example with alpine containers and ping
1.) Which types of Networks exist
The first one allows to use the docker hosts machine network stack directly.
The second one allwos the container to have a MAC address so it can be used as a physical device.
The third allows multiple docker daemons on different machines to communicate with each other.
The fourth one allows to connect different containers on the same machine to connect together. This is also the default network all containers are added to when none is specified.
(post is a WIP)
2.) Simple example with alpine containers
Examples teach best in my opinion that is why we use a simple one here.
- Start two alpine containers
- inspect one of them to learn about their IP Address
- Ping from the other container to that IP Address
- Discover why this is not the best way to use docker networks
We start the containers like so:
docker container run --name alpine-1 -it alpine sh
& (in another terminal)
docker container run --name alpine-2 -it alpine sh
Then we inspect the container called alpine-2 in a third terminal and find the IP address:
docker container inspect alpine-2
This gives us a json document, and at the very end of it we can see the IP Address:
Then we can ping the other container with the following command (from the terminal with alpine-1 container)
What is the issue with this?
If we want to utilize this for more complex scenarios we need to inspect the network address for each container individually and manually because they are chosen randomly on startup.
To avoid this and use built in docker mechanisms we want to utilize the docker DNS to resolve the container by their name.
For this we need to create a simple network of type bridge (which is the default) like so:
docker network create alpine-net
And then we can connect both containers to it:
docker network connect alpine-net alpine-1
docker network connect alpine-net alpine-2
The other option is to stop the containers and run them directly connected to the network:
docker container run --name alpine-1 --network=alpine-net -it alpine sh
And now we can inspect the alpine-net with the command
docker network inspect alpine-net
We can then again ping one of the containers from inside the other one, yet by using their names and not their ip address.
So this is the most easy approach to networking, and this is exactly the way it is set up when you utilize docker-compose.
We explored networking with docker with an easy example. We learned how to utilize the docker DNS to refer to containers by their container name instead of their IP-address.
Also we looked at the different available network types and what they can do for you. | <urn:uuid:1f8156ae-e762-447c-b5af-30ff11d6a7fc> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://t-heiten.net/docker/docker-networks-crash-course/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500671.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208024856-20230208054856-00570.warc.gz | en | 0.891043 | 665 | 2.859375 | 3 |
School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA
Received date: 08/01/2021; Accepted date:22/01/2021; Published date: 29/01/2021
Visit for more related articles at Research & Reviews: Research Journal of Biology
Profundities; Ocean development ; , Tomography; Meteorological;, Cosmic information.
In spite of all this, human information of the seas remained restricted to the highest few comprehends of the water and a little sum of the foot, primarily in shallow ranges. Nearly nothing was known of the sea profundities. The British Illustrious Navy's endeavours to chart all of the world's coastlines within the mid-19th century fortified the dubious thought that most of the sea was exceptionally profound; in spite of the fact that small more was known. As investigation lighted both popular and logical intrigued within the polar locales and Africa, so as well did the mysteries of the unexplored oceans. HMS Challenger embraced the primary worldwide marine inquire about undertaking in 1872. The seminal occasion within the establishing of the present day science of oceanography was the 1872âÂÂ1876 Challengers undertaking. As the primary genuine oceanographic voyage, these undertakings laid the basis for a whole scholastic and investigate discipline. In reaction to a suggestion from the Regal Society, the British Government declared in 1871 an undertaking to investigate world's ocean development. Within the late 19th century, other Western countries moreover sent out logical endeavours (as did private individuals and educate). The primary reason built oceanographic transport, Albatros, was built in 1882. In 1893, Fridtjof Nansen allowed his dispatch, Fram, to be solidified within the Cold ice. This empowered him to get oceanographic, meteorological and cosmic information at a stationary spot over an amplified period. In 1881 the geographer John Francon Williams distributed a seminal book, Topography of the Oceans. Between 1907 and 1911 Otto Krümmel distributed the Handbuch der Ozeanographie, which got to be persuasive in arousing open intrigued in oceanography. The four-month 1910 North Atlantic endeavour headed by John Murray and Johan Hjort was the foremost driven inquire about oceanographic and marine zoological extend ever mounted until at that point, and driven to the classic 1912 book The Profundities of the Sea. The primary acoustic estimation of ocean profundity was made in 1914. Between 1925 and 1927 the "Meteor" endeavour accumulated 70,000 sea profundity estimations utilizing an resound sounder, studying the Mid-Atlantic Edge. Sverdrup, Johnson and Fleming distributed The Seas in 1942, which was a major point of interest. The Ocean (in three volumes, covering physical oceanography, seawater and geography) altered by M.N. Slope was distributed in 1962, whereas Rhodes Fairbridge's Reference book of Oceanography was distributed in 1966. The Incredible Worldwide Crack, running along the Mid Atlantic Edge, was found by Maurice Ewing and Bruce Heezen in 1953; in 1954 a mountain run beneath the Ice Sea was found by the Ice Organized of the USSR. The hypothesis of seafloor spreading was created in 1960 by Harry Hammond Hess. The Sea Penetrating Program begun in 1966. Deep-sea vents were found in 1977 by Jack Corliss and Robert Ballard within the submersible DSV Alvin. Within the 1950s, Auguste Piccard designed the bathyscaphe and utilized the bathyscaphe Trieste to explore the ocean's profundities. The Joined together States nuclear submarine Nautilus made the primary travel beneath the ice to the North Shaft in 1958. In 1962 the FLIP (Coasting Instrument Stage), a 355-foot (108 m) fight buoy, was to begin with deployed. From the 1970s, there has been much accentuation on the application of huge scale computers to oceanography to permit numerical forecasts of sea conditions and as a portion of by and large natural change prediction. An oceanographic buoy cluster was set up within the Pacific to permit forecast of El Niño events. 1990 saw the begin of the World Sea Circulation Test (WOCE) which proceeded until 2002. Geosat seafloor mapping information got to be accessible in 1995. In later a long time thinks about progressed specific information on sea fermentation, sea warm substance, sea streams, the El Niño marvel, mapping of methane hydrate stores, the carbon cycle, coastal erosion, weathering and climate feedbacks in regards to climate change interactions. | <urn:uuid:65c63ba5-5f59-412b-ac53-a0bc2b01e1b3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.rroij.com/open-access/modern-oceanography.php?aid=89101 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500671.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208024856-20230208054856-00570.warc.gz | en | 0.924758 | 953 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Music is known as a universal language. It is also identified as the language of emotions. There are three forms or classes of languages used by human beings and animals. These three forms are
- Sound language
- Sign language, and
- Word language.
Out of them, the sound language is common to both human beings and animals. Sign language is also common to human beings and certain types of animals. Only the word language is highly developed among human beings. Certain birds could be trained to pronounce some words while several categories of animals could be trained to understand the word language. Generally, dogs, cats, varieties of birds, fish (sea dogs), horses, cattle belong to this class.
The human being comes out of the mother’s womb exercising his vocal chords for the first time and producing sound. He cries for milk. He cries for comfort. He cries for sleep. He cries because of pain and so on. If you observe carefully, you may find that his cry in slightly different forms is conditioned by the requirements of the baby. This cry is musical and gives great delight to the mother. It is able to stir the mother’s heart more than any other music in the world.
As the child grows, he expresses his thoughts and feelings through sign language, by expression, smile, laugh, cry, movement of limbs, etc. The child starts communicating through word language after some time. When again the grown up child or the mature human being moves ageing, his moan in sound and jerk (feature of staccato) due to inability or decrease in strength confirms that he is getting nearer to the grave. The second stage of children which is old age is also represented by variation of sound expressions such as groaning or linum and stammer or staccato, etc.
The function of all three forms of language is communication. The sound language originates from instinct or feeling and develops to a fine art of music based on the cultural background of the people of a country. In the development of music as a progression of structures of sounds and rhythm, different terms are used to identify musical sounds of different effect. In common, musical sounds are known as notes. Notes are produced by vocal chords or musical instruments. The sign language originates from instinct on reason and communicated through expression, signs, gestures in which the limbs, cheeks, face, eyes, lips, brows and muscles of the body come into play. This phenomenon of expression through signs has developed into fine arts forms of dance. The word language is mainly based on reason. It is able to communicate definite meanings making use of the palate, tongue, teeth, lips, nose and also grammar, philology and literature verbally and in writing or printing, making use of paper or some sort of base ink, paint or modern methods of printing.
The sign language is the most intelligible and expresses thoughts and feelings directly. The word language is most perfect but artificial and confined to humans only. The sound language which is music expresses feelings and emotions directly and thoughts indirectly. Therefore music is known as the language of emotions or feelings. | <urn:uuid:a84ed2fc-503f-4c27-a3c2-c38a5b23813a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://theveena.com/?p=376 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501555.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209081052-20230209111052-00650.warc.gz | en | 0.966414 | 629 | 3.921875 | 4 |
The soil is waking up. Weeds that managed to sprout in fall and winter are starting to grow, the sure sign that it’s time to start planting cool-season crops. There are plenty to choose from because most greens, peas, potatoes and the entire cabbage clan are cool-season vegetables.
Note that tomatoes are not on the planting list quite yet. Their time will come. While winter is far from finished but summer is still months away, take the opportunity to stock your garden with cool season crops. Come the merry month of May, you can be eating a garden salad and transplanting tomatoes in the same day.
The Right Soil Temperatures for Cool-Season Vegetables
Cool-season vegetables can grow at cool soil temperatures, which I will define as 50 to 70°F (10-21°C) in the root zone, which is measured 4 to 6 inches (10-15cm) below the soil’s surface. In comparison, warm season vegetables such as tomatoes and peppers prefer root zone temperatures above 70°F (21°C).
But even very cold-hardy vegetables do not grow much until soil temperatures rise above about 50°F (10°C). Low temperatures restrict the release of soil borne nutrients, and research has shown that root-friendly fungi also become more active as temperatures in the root zone rise above 59°F (15°C).
It’s easy enough to take your soil’s temperature. Soil thermometers are inexpensive, or you can use a probe-type meat thermometer to get a general idea of the root zone temperature in different parts of your garden. The numbers need not be exact, because this time of year they are relative. Yesterday when I measured the root zone temperature in various parts of my garden, I found a 10-degree difference between the root zone temperature in the warmest spot, inside a glass-topped cold frame, and the coldest one – an open bed sporting a light fuzz of winter weeds.
Your hands and fingers make good soil thermometers, too. When you’re pulling out chickweed and you can feel the cold through your gloves, the soil temperature is probably below 50°F (10°C). Soil that has reached 59°F (15°C) no longer feels as cold, and it is also the perfect soil temperature for planting cool-season vegetables.
Growing Tips for Cool-Season Crops
Especially in spring, it is essential to harden off indoor-grown seedlings before setting them out in the garden. Leaves that develop under florescent lights, or in daylight filtered by glass, have thin tissues that are lightly stocked with chloroplasts – the sturdy, hard-working organelles that turn light into energy. A period of five days or so of hardening off, in which the plants are gradually exposed to more direct sunlight and moving air, stimulates the vigor of the chloroplasts and the leaf and stem tissues that protect and support them. I also like for my cool-season vegetable seedlings to spend a couple of chilly nights outdoors before they are transplanted, which prepares them for the differences in day/night temperatures they will face in the garden.
Cold frames, cloches and tunnels covered with row cover (garden fleece) help to warm the soil and protect plants from cold and wind. I like to start out the season under glass, because I have found that the soil in glass-topped frames or beds warms up quickly, and glass is hard to beat for protecting plants from late winter ice and snow, or even hail. Low-growing arugula, lettuce, spinach, and escaroles are excellent cool-season crops to grow under movable glass-topped frames. Two disadvantages of glass are that the soil inside the frames dries out quickly, and good ventilation must be maintained at all times.
Cabbage family crops are too big for many low frames by the time they are big enough to set out. Plastic ventilated cloches (including those made from milk jugs), row cover tunnels or both greatly benefit cabbage, kale, collards, broccoli and kohlrabi seedlings during their first weeks in the garden. Plastic cloches alone do a great job of protecting plants from cold and wind, but consider adding row cover, snugged down over the cloches, in the event of a sudden cold snap. The row cover will give the plants more insulation while holding the cloches in place despite blustery winds.
You can get a dozen cool-season vegetables growing vigorously several weeks before your last frost date, but I must caution beginners against pushing up planting dates for frost-tender tomatoes, peppers, beans and basil. The best way to increase your luck with these and other warm-season crops is to be patient, and wait until frost is but a memory to plant them out. | <urn:uuid:ac714b01-63e7-41b3-8307-cccc1cba80fd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.growveg.com/guides/when-to-start-sowing-your-cool-season-crops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501555.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209081052-20230209111052-00650.warc.gz | en | 0.940576 | 1,008 | 2.78125 | 3 |
1. You should open the windows before a tornado to balance the pressure inside your home.
In the event that your home is under a tornado threat do not waste valuable time opening windows, instead, get to your tornado safe spot as soon as possible! The assumption here is that due to pressure changes that occur with tornadoes, opening a home’s windows will balance the pressure and save the structure. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Most structural failures are caused by the loss of the structure’s support system, which in most cases is the roof. This happens when winds push their way into a structure and become “trapped” with no way out and more incoming winds preventing the wind inside the structure from escaping.
When this happens, the air is forced up and thus the roof is removed. As soon as the roof is removed the structure losses its support system and walls can collapse. This is why the safest place in your home is an interior room with no windows. Do not waste precious time opening windows during tornadoes, chances are the debris from the tornado will do that for you anyway and you don’t want to be in the path of flying glass!
2. Overpasses are safe tornado shelters.
This is one of the most dangerous misconceptions about tornadoes. During the F5 tornado that struck the Oklahoma City Metro on May 3rd, 1999, there were multiple fatalities resulting from people seeking shelter under highway overpasses. An overpass creates a tunneling effect that increases wind speeds as the winds compress to travel beneath the overpass.
Any person who is caught in these winds will likely not survive as the winds will also carry very fast debris as well. On top of this, parking beneath overpasses during severe weather is ill-advised and can create a traffic jam that prevents emergency services from being able to do their jobs. If you are caught outside and absolutely cannot escape an approaching tornado, the safest thing to do is quickly locate the lowest area around you (such as a ditch) and lie as flat as possible while covering your head with your hands. If you’re in a vehicle, be sure to pull completely off the road before exiting.
Laying flat in a ditch may sound scary, but the idea is to keep the winds above you, not under you. Tornadoes don’t really “suck”, they instead “lift”, and in order to lift, the winds have to get beneath your body. Sheltering in an overpass puts you directly into the strongest winds. Don’t do it! | <urn:uuid:eba2e7d0-ee2f-42ee-a1c5-fbf348e74fc5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.stormtours.com/top-10-tornado-myths-debunked/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501555.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209081052-20230209111052-00650.warc.gz | en | 0.960931 | 534 | 2.703125 | 3 |
They started the long track to United States by leaving their homeland; most of them were from Harput (Elazığ). 1.2 million Ottoman citizens immigrated to United States between 1860 and 1921. 200,000 of them were from a Turkish and Muslim heritage and most of them returned back to their motherland since.
Researcher Sedat İşci and Historian Prof. John Grabowski are tracking the grandchildren of the ones stayed behind. The interesting story of The First Turks in America will be immortalized at a museum to be established in Turkey.
THE FIRST TURKS IN AMERICA
1893, the 400th anniversary of America’s discovery also coincides with Chicago’s streets getting acquainted with the architecture, art, and cuisine of the Ottomans for the very first time. With the support of the American government, Sultan Abdulhamid II established a Turkish Village in Chicago with the hopes of introducing Ottoman culture to Americans. Even Sultan Abdulhamid II, who had special interest in carpentry, joined the exhibition himself with one of his own artwork and won the first prize! Turks who bought tickets to visit relatives back home could not make the trip around 1914, mostly due to the fact that the United States and the Ottoman Empire had chosen opposite fronts in the doom of World War I.
A Turk named Yunus Yaşo, who did not want to be buried in a Christian cemetery, opened the very first U.S.-Turkish cemetery in Cleveland, Ohio around 1915. Around 1923, Turks living in the Turkish neighborhoods of Detroit were getting their water supplies from fountains built in Ottoman architectural styles. During the early 1900s, while the United States was experiencing major strikes, two Turkish youths took jobs at a Ford factory in Detroit in exchange for room and board only, and stayed employed for the company for many years to come. One of them returned back to Turkey and the other stayed and succeeded to become one of the most successful employees of Ford.
Turkish businessman Mr. Nazmi Cemal who emigrated to US from Macedonia has managed to manufacture the tallest flagpole of Europe at that time in his New York factory, which was a one-piece brass measuring 33.5 meters (109’) tall. This flagpole is still the tallest in service at Anitkabir, the mausoleum built in honor of Ataturk, the first president of the modern Turkish Republic. It was delivered in 1946 to the Turkish Consul General of New York, Mr. Cemil Vafi and placed in its permanent location on November 9, 1950. Mr. Cemal assumed the maintenance responsibilities of this flagpole for a period of 10 years.
FIRST TURKS AND THEIR STORY
Needless to say, these stories of the First Turks in America are not limited to ones presented here. Starting with the 1860s, the last generation of the disintegrating Ottoman Empire which got tired of the wars and poverty, discovered America with some help from missionaries. The very first Turks stepping onto the New World were mostly from Elazığ’s Harput town. At those times, Turks were not settling down into the nowadays popular states such as New York and New Jersey; rather they were settling in states such as Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Michigan. Most of them were employed in railroad constructions, steel mills, and shoe and leather factories. In general, most of them were single without family, and their biggest challenge was marriage. Since they had difficulty finding Muslim girls, they mostly chose German and Irish wives. Among the married ones, a few brought their wives with them. Some of them returned back answering Atatürk’s call to return to the motherland or due to the economic recession experienced in U.S. during the 1930s.
1.2 MILLION IMMIGRANTS FROM THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
The story of the first Turks in America was unfolded by history professor John Grabowski of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio and Sedat İşçi of Ege University, İzmir. Around the same time period with Turks, Grabowski’s Polish ancestors also took a similar route to the United States. Their research studies commenced in 1999 and as a result approximately 1,000 second and third-generation First-Turk descendants were identified. On January 4, 2003, grandchildren of the First Turks were gathered in a conference in İstanbul. Although they did not have any direct ties to the land where their grandparents were born, during the May festivities organized in Harput, they witnessed their ancestors’ land for the first time.
According to the U.S. records, during the time period between 1860 and 1921, 1,200,000 immigrants emigrated from territories belonged to the Ottoman Empire. Of those, 200,000 were Muslim and the rest were Christians. These immigrants were mostly from Syria, Jordan and Northern Iraq. In describing the dimensions reached by this project, researcher Sedat İşci states that there is a lot more work to do. First, he would like to publish 8-10 books about Turkish emigration to U.S. The story of the immigrants will be converted into a video format and a documentary will be prepared for presentations in many countries including the United States. In addition, the first emigration museum of Turkey will be established. An electronic database inclusive of all Turkish emigrants’ data will be set. This way, the relatives can obtain information regarding their ancestors; when they emigrated, via which ship they sailed out, and where they lived in the New World? Turkish centers, which could cost up to 1 million U.S. dollars, will be instituted in the U.S. The first one is already in place in Cleveland, Ohio.
Another interesting study under this project is the development and placement of a fountain to be modeled after a historical fountain located in Detroit in 1923. The fountain which is sponsored by a Turkey-based company, Subaşıoğlu Mermer, will, after 80 years, be once again in service at its original site.
UNITY: THE FIRST TURKISH NEWSPAPER AMERICA
The first Turkish newspaper was published in America in 1923 under the name “Unity”.
The newspaper carried post Independence War (Kurtuluş Savaşı) stories and news from the homeland and was published three times per month by the Ottoman Teavün Society. The Turks did not neglect to save and send a portion of their modest salaries back home to their economically struggling country. They donated 500,000 U.S. dollars to the orphans in Turkey. Their associations worked almost like consulate offices. Among the documents discovered by Researcher Sedat İşçi, is a donation receipt from the Detroit Turks to Kızılay, or The Red Crescent. Lastly, Sedat İşçi reached Bayram Mahmut’s relatives living in Cleveland who lost track of their ancestors in the 1950s.
IN 1893, OTTOMAN CULTURE WAS TRANSPORTED INTO CHICAGO*
At the end of the 1880s, the United States government, inspired by the European fairs, organized a new fair in Chicago to showcase her industrial and economical power. In honor of the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus discovering America, this fair occurred in 1893.
The fair was widely participated by most countries including the Ottoman Empire. The emperor of that time, Sultan Abdülhamid, saw this as a good opportunity to showcase the Ottoman’s advancement in culture and arts. He already had good relations with S. Hewitt, a member of U.S. Congress. This provided a perfect opportunity to introduce Turkish metal working products into the U.S. market. In order to promote Ottoman culture, Abdülhamid also donated various books to the U.S. Congress Library and made a generous gift of a large photo collection.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON THE COVER OF SERVET-I FUNUN
As a result of Abdülhamid’s initiatives, the Ottoman Empire left good impressions with the foreign governments. By utilizing the media, Ottomans had an opportunity to show their power to the general public. This became big news in the Ottoman media. The 93rd issue of Servet-i Fünun magazine dated October 22, 1892, was published as the Christopher Columbus special edition. This article series was awarded with a prize medal during the fair. In addition, various monthly Turkish newspapers were published during the fair covering a variety of news and opinions.
Artists also showed close interest to the fair. Some painters even contributed their own art to the exhibit. Even Sultan Abdülhamid II, who had special interest to carpentry, entered the exhibition with one of his own artwork and won the first prize. More comprehensive information about the prized artwork from the Chicago Fair can be obtained from the exhibition documents located in the Marine Museum in Istanbul. Among the prized items perhaps the most important ones were the woolen textiles and fezzes produced by one of İstanbul’s oldest industries, the Feshane factory.
During the Chicago Fair, Jackson Park was housing the exhibition buildings for Ottoman products, and the “Turkish Village” representing Ottoman culture was located in Midway.
The following highlights can be listed among the activities occurred in Midway: Viennese coffee at the historical Vienna Village, the medieval Blarney Castle at the Irish Village, the American Indian exhibition, the German Village, the Ferris wheel, and street views from Cairo, Egypt. Other interesting exhibition activities included the East Indian market where goods from Eastern India were sold, a miniature Eiffel Tower, Hungarian Gypsy shows, Arabian palace, and the concert garden at the German Village.
In addition to entertainment, Midway also drew attention for its educational value. The World Congress reached 700,000 spectators at this fair. Various assemblies in education, architecture, music, social reforms, medicine, business, and science were conducted.
FROM NARGHILE TO THEATHER
If we take a look at the Turkish Village, we see a single dome mosque, a 40-shop marketplace, a theater, an Iranian tent, a number of coffee houses and restaurants. The Damascus palace has taken its place in the records as a fine architectural reflection of the Ottoman and Maleluke styles. There was also a tent next to the mosque serving lemonade and sherbet to the visitors. Carpets, kilims, handworks, silverworks and various handmade goods were among the most popular items for sale. Coffeehouses offered narghile (water-pipe) and Turkish coffee reflecting Turkish traditions. “An Oriental Wedding (Şark’ta Bir Düğün)” a magnificent show representing Turkish culture was also played at the village theater.
The Istanbul Street created at the Turkish Village exhibited replicas of the Hippodrome, the Spiral Column (Yılanlı Sütun), and the Theodosius Obelisk (Dikilitaş) from Sultanahmet District of İstanbul. Although the buildings had very plain architectural characteristics, the insides were decorated with items representing the daily Ottoman traditions. Some decoration pieces reflected western culture influences. Carpets, sofas, cushions and pear inlaid coffee tables used as internal furnishings are all representative of the Ottoman traditions. On the other hand, consoles, desks and paintings were clear reflections of the western culture influence. The artifacts with pear inlay and woodcarvings drew attention as a product of Ottoman-Western synthesis.
The results of Ottoman’s successful representation at the fair made top Ottoman government officials including Sultan Abdülhamit drive towards industrialization at home and created opportunities for new factories in order to become competitive in markets abroad.
(*) Written by Sedat İşci.
(Issue 10th, April 2004)
Last modified onSaturday, 06 May 2017 10:07
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Idea-people in Digital Marketing filed frequently use visual memory elements in creating their visualizing paths and drawings.
An idea-person in Marketing and Digital Marketing usually uses elements and the space they take up on a page, size and scale of objects. The use of emptiness or negative spaces are examples of relations and spatial examples.
They use combination of colors in their illustrations as means to enhance elements and to show how these elements are related to one another.
They learn to use clarity and simplification through completely simple Drawings, which can be visualized and summarized in essence, offering ideas in a simple, short and quiet manner.
In visualization, these creative details capture as much as possible in order to make them personalized. These drawings include many habits, secrets and favorite techniques and many personal pieces of advice, among other personal gems.
Some visual aids, such as graphic icons, are used to represent universal aspects of the creative digital process. These icons or artifacts are used to communicate with a symbolic power.
– Use of circles.
– Use of lines and arrows.
– Use of figures.
– Use of objects: paintings, books, teacups, etc.
-Use of Photos, templates, images.
Use of metaphors: they visually communicate through comparisons with something familiar or accessible to the human mind.
Nature of challenges:
a.- Creativity in order to solve problems requires skill and art, like a fisherman trying to fish in difficult areas.
b.- n order to do things differently, to discover new things, you must feel as if you were swimming upstream.
c.- You may feel lost in following an idea, even trapped, keeping faith is always a way to get out of a labyrinth.
They know when to use moments of frustration. The inclination of the human being in procrastinating and dealing directly with the problem may create all types of anxiety.
To know how to use the moments of silence, that is just for ideas to come out:
– Incubation periods.
– Discovering the solution.
For example, you visualize light bulbs as iconography of ideas, light bulbs as moments of illumination.
Based on experiences of creative from different fields and domains as well as their processes, you can distinguish different dimensions that characterize the nature of the different types of idea-creative person and their own processes and how they can have an impact:
1.-Their works express identity and they identify with them.
2.-They draw their inspirations from everything surrounding them, outside their own environment.
3.-They enjoy the hunt, finding ideas is challenging and exciting because they appreciate the infinity of possibilities.
4.-The creative processes must be protected; this is a precious process and also a fragile phenomenon.
5.-They make plans, have confidence in their work and how they execute it, they believe in their processes that have been developed through time. They are the result of experience and success.
6.- Sometimes they work in teams; when they like to work in groups, they appreciate the synergy created by different entities and different perspectives.
7.- Many idea-creative persons build based on Experience, this offers confidence and perspective, it acknowledges reality and promotes sharing of ideas.
8.- Once the creative process has begun, it moves forward and it is executed.
9.-The process develops in a series of steps or events. They are consistent, waiting, persisting and persevering. The process, although tedious or even slow, continues until it finds the solution.
10.-The process may generate fear and doubt, but this helps its successful fulfillment.
Some creative people in Advertising, Marketing and Digital Marketing field base their work on Values:
– The quality of ideas comes from a long quantity of ideas.
– It is important to ask questions.
– Creativity is an act of rebellion; new ideas challenge the status quo.
– An appropriate work environment is important for creativity.
– The client or consumer does not have to be an enemy.
Personal rituals are important and fruitful complements of creative thinking.
Many embrace their good habits, they break their work with games, find relevance in the irrelevant, and they possess indulgence for comfort: for example listening to classical music, seeking other passions: play the guitar, practice sports, etc.
Expression of Emotions, Character and Virtues in creative work: Emotions, manners, habits and virtues influence the creative work.
Most of the creative people are filled with Optimism: the process will be successful if I invest in it, and I see this as an opportunity to do something amazing. They have a lot of Determination: the process if full of challenges, but the final objective has to be accomplished. This makes one a creative thinker.
Using the Technology and new platforms:
It is necessary to be creative in five (5) aspects when launching, do Marketing and Digital Marketing to new product or service into the market: First: Creation of the New Product is necessary (that the product is unique, reaching the needs and desires of people that were not there before, generating monetary and non-monetary value, that the packaging is creative in package and design, intangible); Second: The Strategic Communication of the New Product or Service is Necessary; Above The Line (ATL) and Below The Line (BTL) Creativity, Creativity in Design and Advertisement; Third: Creativity in the Distribution Channel is Necessary with new technology and new digital and Social Media platforms; Fourth: Creativity in Organization or Who makes the New Product or Service is Necessary (Creative Teams, Individual and Collective Creativity, Creative Environments); Fifth: Creativity in Advanced Research and Consumer Behavior is Necessary (needs, desires and fondness), such as knowing the Target, taking into account the unconscious part of the people rather than the conscious part, having to learn the intrinsic, implicit, unseen needs, attachments, desires and what the consumers do not currently have. If Steve Jobs had only listened to the consumer, he would have improved the Mac computer and would have never invented the Ipad, beware of this lesson.
And what do we do when the apparently great idea or ideas are generated? This is when we must test them in markets, digital markets or niches in order to put them into practice, use and materialize them. The entity, product or service derived from this idea will be adapted or generated for each particular case, and must be tested in the market, digital media and digital markets. It is necessary to execute it and take advantage of the time and thus minimizing trial and error by putting it into practice, in order that our product, service or whatever entity is created be accepted or bought by the market, in the digital market through online worldwide and/or society, in such a way that the goal of each creative or creator is that his entity created be accepted by any way. | <urn:uuid:c6fe4737-2706-4ec4-82de-52585dbf7892> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://marcelarellano.com/2018/06/01/creativity-tools-to-marketing-and-digital-marketing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499470.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128023233-20230128053233-00851.warc.gz | en | 0.943778 | 1,418 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Have you ever gone through the harrowing experience of going to grab some milk, wanting to know how much was left in the carton, but suddenly becoming unable to summon the energy to physically check for yourself? Well, now you’re in luck: the University of Washington (UW) has invented a process in which 3D-printed objects connect to your WiFi – without the aid of conventional electronics – in order to give you such updates automatically.
Don’t get us wrong: the technology is extremely cool. The fact is that this proof-of-concept study could pave the way for a huge range of smart devices, such as “powerless” detectors that register gas or water leaks in your house and alert you instantaneously.
The UW team aren’t the first to come up with these sorts of self-reliant devices. Back in 2015, for example, a separate team developed a tiny, $0.20 temperature sensor that didn’t require a battery or constant source of wired electricity. 3D printing isn't new either, and already, researchers can print out human organs using biological "ink".
The UW team are, however, the first to combine both in this rather clever way.
Presenting their paper at the cacophonously named Association for Computing Machinery’s SIGGRAPH Conference and Exhibition on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques in Asia, the team also showcased one of their inventions: a 3D-printed laundry soap box that keeps an eye on its volume and orders more when it’s running down.
Without any power source to worry about, these devices are decidedly eco-friendly, and very cheap to manufacture.
What technological sorcery is this, you may be wondering? Well, think about analog watches. They keep time thanks to a mechanical architecture that siphons off kinetic energy from you moving about, and stores it over time. The team wondered if they could borrow principles like this in their own marvelous project.
They guessed right. In this case, they looked into a phenomenon named ambient backscatter. This is a low-power communications technology that utilizes radio frequency signals, like those being emitted by WiFi devices, as a power source.
This little quirk of physics means that anything with an antenna can convert radio signals into small, but not insignificant, currents. That way, they can activate and run without the use of any batteries or electronics to speak of.
The UW team of engineers employed this in their endeavor, and 3D printed objects that mixed plastic with copper. So that’s the conductive antenna sorted, but how does the device know when something’s changed within it, or in the surrounding environment if it’s not always “on”?
Remarkably, much like those aforementioned watches, the objects included small gears that moved about whenever provoked by a physical motion – say, the laundry soap exiting the container – which causes mechanical teeth to click into place at various rates, and register how much or how little is left.
“As you pour detergent out of a Tide bottle, for instance, the speed at which the gears are turning tells you how much soap is flowing out,” senior author Shyam Gollakota, an associate professor in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering at UW, said in a statement.
At a certain point, an electrically conductive switch will poke the antenna, forming a larger circuit. This will change how the antenna reflects radio frequency signals, allowing the WiFi router to continuously track the state of whatever the device is monitoring.
The laundry soap device is the team's piece de resistance right now, but we’d expect them to manufacture a few more technological wonders sooner rather than later, given their obvious zeal. | <urn:uuid:e8c243a1-ce29-4fc5-bd3f-c601514a87b6> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.iflscience.com/these-3dprinted-plastic-objects-can-use-wifi-without-any-electronics-45113 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499470.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128023233-20230128053233-00851.warc.gz | en | 0.951154 | 777 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Census of Ireland 1911
Household Return (Form A) for house No. 15
In 1911, James Grealish (40) a ‘Farmer’ was head of the household and lived with his wife Margaret (40) and with his mother Honor Grealish (75) a widow, in the townland of Carnmore West in the parish of Claregalway. James and Honor could not read nor write but spoke Irish and English. Margaret could read, write and spoke both Irish and English and Julia could not read nor write but both spoke Irish and English. All were born in County Galway.
There were three new columns in the 1911 census compared to that of 1901, ‘Years Married’, ‘Children Born’ and ‘Children Living’. James and Margaret were married four years with no children.
Enumerator’s abstract (Form N)
The Grealish family were the only family living in the house, there was one male and two females and all were of the Roman Catholic faith.
House and Building Return (Form B1) & Out-Offices and Farm-Steadings Return (Form B2)
James was the owner of his house. The house was a 2nd class stone or brick cottage with a thatched roof. It had three front windows and two rooms occupied. There were four out-offices a stable, a cow house, a calf house, and a piggery.
The returns were filled out and signed by James. It was witnessed as a truthful return and collected by Constable Thomas Fitzgerald on April 11th.
10. James Michael Grealish, 11. James (Jas) Grealish, 12. Stephen Ruane, 13. James Grealish, 14. John Grealish, 15. James Grealish (Michl), 16. John Carr (Pat), 17. Michael Sheridan, 18. Peter Grealish, 19. Martin Beatty, 20. Patt Carr.
Sources: NAI, (National Archives of Ireland) www.nationalarchives.ie, accessed 29/04/2017
Census of Ireland 1926
The next census in Ireland was not taken until 1926. It was not taken in 1921 as Ireland was in the midst of the ‘War of Independence’ against Britain. By 1926 Ireland was a Free State and the government was able to take their first census. The official due date for the release of the 1926 Census is January 1st, 2027 as there is a 100-year privacy law in Ireland. There have been many attempts to have an earlier release date, but to no avail yet.
Questions that can arise… | <urn:uuid:38fe8e8d-4a95-46e2-83f9-bb9e06f3fa80> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://claregalway.galwaycommunityheritage.org/content/people/families/carnmore/1911_census/grealish-jamesmichl-family-1911 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499713.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129112153-20230129142153-00051.warc.gz | en | 0.982761 | 556 | 2.609375 | 3 |
For more than seven years, Tom Zimmerman has volunteered in San Jose, Calif., schools, engaging students in hands-on activities and teaching science and technology. This summer, Zimmerman was recognized as the first-ever California Volunteer of the Year by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver. He called it a “fairytale day.”
Zimmerman is an IBM research scientist and a frequent contributor to MAKE — his Hydrogen-Oxygen Rocket project is featured in this issue. Much of what he’s written for the magazine originated as projects he developed for his students: an electronic drum kit, a mini Mars rover, and a digital microscope.
He created an Extreme Science after-school program to provide 60 Latino high school students with hands-on experience in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). And he’s particularly proud of his efforts to introduce girls to power tools. He also runs a summer camp, which this year featured workshops on building wind turbines and a geodesic dome. “I’m happy to have the opportunity to share the joy of designing, building, and teaching,” he enthuses.
In Boston, Ed Baafi runs the Learn 2 Teach, Teach 2 Learn (L2T) program during spring and summer at MIT and at the SouthEnd Technology Center and its FabLab. The idea behind L2T is that the best way to demonstrate that you’ve learned something is to turn around and teach it to others.
“We pay high school students to learn, build, and teach at over a dozen community centers,” says Baafi. One group developed a solar device charger, and another student, Mark Williams, has been perfecting his electric violin, which we blogged on makezine.com, to his great amazement.
A seventh-grade teacher explains why she came to Maker Faire this year:
I try to incorporate some hands-on activities and labs into the classroom. I am still dissatisfied with the learning environment I am able to provide to my kids. The “holy grail” for me is to facilitate communities of independent learners, engaged in projects, assignments, discussions, etc. that motivate and challenge them. To this end, I’d like to make more stuff, and to have my students be makers.
Our communities are made up of makers like Zimmerman and Baafi as well as teachers and parents who see the importance of helping kids become makers.
But it’s become clear that making is missing from schools and from the lives of even the best students. “I have had freshman engineering students who have never used power tools,” says AnnMarie P. Thomas, an engineering professor at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minn.
How can we create more opportunities for kids to make things? How do we create spaces inside schools or out in the community that support self-directed, hands-on projects?
Making is a way to engage kids in learning. It’s not work but a form of play. “There is a kind of magic in play,” writes Stuart Brown in his new book, Play.
“It’s paradoxical that a little bit of ‘nonproductive’ activity can make one enormously more productive and invigorated in other aspects of life.”
Making is a way to enjoy trying to do new things (and often failing repeatedly) while learning more than any written test can measure. “Allowing children to build with real tools,” says Thomas, “gives them confidence and a skill set that they can build on for years to come.”
This magazine will do its best to advocate for the role of making in education. Makers themselves are an untapped resource for schools, especially as mentors. I know many makers who are exploring ways to share what they know and love with kids of all ages. Makers bring more than knowledge and experience — they bring endless enthusiasm, which they easily pass on.
If you’re interested in making and education, get involved in your own community. Join me and others at Make: Education (makered.makezine.com) to share ideas, stories, and techniques for helping more kids learn by making. | <urn:uuid:7dc73a54-2326-4613-9e0c-027106f26a47> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://makezine.com/article/education/make-education-learn-by-making/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499713.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129112153-20230129142153-00051.warc.gz | en | 0.96494 | 893 | 2.65625 | 3 |
How frequent are testicular cancers, what are the most frequent ages?
Although being a rarely seen as 6-11 among 100,000 men and the prevalence of all male cancers is between 1 – 1.5% , it is the most common type of cancer among young adults (15-35 years).
Why Is Testicular Cancer Increasing?
Testicular cancers are more common in countries with high income. Among the mass tumors that we call solid tumors, even in the presence of metastatic disease (splashing or spreading elsewhere), treatment rates are high, 85-90% of patients have full treatment options. However, as the tumor has the potential to spread rapidly, it requires surgery and treatment as soon as possible.
What are the causes of testicular cancer?
Generally, patients present with unilateral painless swelling and mass (stiffness). 20% of patients present with scrotal (testicular skin-subcutaneous skin and subcutaneous area) pain. Unless otherwise proven, painless scrotal stiffness should be accepted as a testicular tumor without a history of inflammatory disease. Back and side pain is seen in 11% of cases; In addition, in 10-20% of cases, hemoptysis (bloody cough), nausea, vomiting, seizures and bone fractures may occur due to metastatic mass.
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
Undescended testis (testes of undescended or late stroke of the testes), Klinefelter syndrome, first-degree relatives (father, sister) testicular cancer, the presence of testicular cancer on the other testis, and infertility (infertility) more frequently seen in people with testicular cancer.
How is Diagnosis in Testicular Cancer?
In the case of suspected physical examination, stiffness is detected by hand in all or in the testis. In this case, the patient is considered to be testicular cancer until proven otherwise. In the examination, the patient is screened for lymph nodes, organ examinations and breast growth because of body spread. Acute epididymoorchitis (testicular and organ-epididymal inflammation) and testicular cancer should be differentiated; Clinically, fever, pain, swelling, flushing, and heat increase are favorable to epididymoorchitis but may not always be clearly distinguished. AFP, β-HCG and LDH tests, which we call testicular cancer tumor markers, should be performed. In addition, diagnosis should be supported by scrotal USG (ultrasound); USG is 100% sensitive in mass detection.
Are Tumor Markers in Testicular Cancer Not Sufficient for Diagnosis?
Serum tumor markers (AFP, β-HCG, LDH) help in the diagnosis, staging (the extent of the disease), predicting response to treatment, predicting prognosis (path to disease), and histological diagnosis. However, these markers are high in 51% of patients; in other words, these markers are not secreted in each cancer cell (depending on the histopathological type). In this case, high markers do not exclude cancer.
(β-HCG is a marker used in cancers of pregnant women and women.)
How is definitive diagnosis in testicular cancer?
Physical examination, tumor markers and scrotal ultrasonography can be used to establish a high rate of diagnosis. Even if the diagnosis is not fully confirmed despite these tests, it is recommended that the testis be removed and examined pathologically in case of suspicion. The definitive diagnosis is confirmed by the pathological examination of testicular tissue.
What to do if a patient has a single testicle or other testicular cancer suspicion?
If the patient has only one testicle, if the mass is not too large and if it is possible to remove the mass (testicular sparing surgery), only removing the mass can be performed. Or, if there are tumors in both testicles of the patient, at least one testicular sparing surgery can be performed. This approach is attempted if the mass is less than 2 cm. Close follow-up of patients in this condition is required after the surgery.
What is made after pre-diagnosis in testicular cancer?
When testicular cancer is suspected, the incision on the groin and the cord containing the testicle and the surrounding membrane are removed. This procedure is called radical inguinal orchiectomy. It is considered as a Urological emergency surgery. Since testicular cancer has the potential to spread rapidly, it should be done immediately.
How is Testicular Cancer Followed After Diagnosis?
Pathologically, when the disease is confirmed, it should be determined whether the disease has spread to another place without delay. For this purpose, all abdominal tomography, lung tomography, and tumor marker levels in blood should be monitored periodically after the surgery.
How is treatment and follow-up after surgery in testicular cancer?
Treatment and follow-up is performed according to the pathology of the removed mass and according to the stage of the disease. Patients are classified according to prognostic factors and planned. Generally, tumor markers, physical examinations and imaging are followed periodically in tumors with no prognosis and limited testis. Some patients (stage I seminoma) may be treated with protective radiotherapy, single dose chemotherapy due to possible spread to the posterior wall of the abdomen; or if the patient’s situation is suitable, close follow-up can be performed .
In stage I nonseminamatic group, chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (removal of lymph tissues around the main vessels in the posterior abdominal wall) or follow-up can be performed.
Radiotherapy is applied in stage II disease-seminoma.
In stage II and other diseases (spreading, metastatic), treatment is chemotherapy. According to the risk status, 3 or 4 doses of chemotherapy are applied. RPLND (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection) or follow-up is applied to the patients evaluated after each chemotherapy. Treatment rates of metastatic testicular cancer are high when the correct chemotherapy is applied at the right time. However, patients may be exposed to the side effects of these drugs during chemotherapy, they should be warned about these and after their approval, treatment should be started. Patients who end each course (chemotherapy treatment period) should be re-evaluated.
In some patients, adjuvant chemotherapy or secondary chemotheraphy is applied when resistance to primary chemotherapy or postoperative disease (live tumor cell) is reported. On a very low group of patients, despite these therapies, can spread, and these patients can be treated with more powerful (rescue chemotherapy) chemotherapy regimens, salvage surgery or high-dose chemotherapies near bone marrow transplantation.
Are there any protective methods in testicular cancer?
Although there is no known preventive method in testicular cancer, treatment rates are quite high when disease is detected in early period. Men aged 15-35 years with the most common age should be advised and taught at least once a month for self-testicular examination (such as women doing breast examination for breast cancer). People who think that there is an abnormality in their testicles should consult a doctor immediately.
How should people with undescended testis be evaluated?
In normal development, the testes descend into the scrotal area from the postpartum abdomen (at the kidney level) at birth. In some people this may be delayed, but in 90% of children around the age of 1, the testicle is replaced. People who do not descend should be evaluated for the operation or drug treatment should be decided. For the testes, which cannot be descended to the testis and which is especially in the abdomen, it is recommended to remove(orchiectomy). Men who has a testis descended to the scrotum after normal time should be informed about testicular cancer.
One part germ (primitive embryo) cell cancers can develop on the posterior wall of the abdomen. These are called nontesticular germ cell cancers. This group of patients is usually detected in the imaging after complaints. Especially young male patients should be evaluated by Urologist. After the appropriate diagnosis, treatment should be planned and the operation performed if necessary. | <urn:uuid:78d604d3-3ec4-40fd-9ec0-1f6f86df0344> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.sukrukumsar.com/en/treatments/urological-cancers/testicular-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499826.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130165437-20230130195437-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.929794 | 1,718 | 2.75 | 3 |
By Sarah Zagorski
In the United Kingdom, women in their early thirties are now more likely to have abortions than teenagers, according to a new report from the Department of Health. These women are usually unmarried and aborting because they want to “save” their careers.
The Daily Mail reports that there were 184,571 abortions in England and Wales last year and of these, half were performed on women who already have children. Another commentator, Jill Kirby, said, “It is disturbing that abortion is so high among women who are not just making mistakes or having one-night stands. There are many women who want to have children but then for financial or relationship reasons decide not to.”
However, Ann Furedi from the pro-abortion British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS), said, “Given that women are fertile for more than 30 years, it is unsurprising that women may experience an unplanned pregnancy or a pregnancy they cannot carry to term on more than one occasion. No form of contraception is 100 per cent effective, and women will always need straightforward access to abortion services as a back-up if they are to plan their lives and families in the way they see fit. Having done so much to improve contraceptive services for younger women, we must also ensure the needs of older women are met.”
The BPAS added that 51% of all abortions in the United Kingdom are medical abortions, which are abortions that use mifepristone (Abortion Pill, RU-486) and misoprostol drugs to induce miscarriage. Unfortunately, it seems like older women in the United Kingdom are using abortion like a “back-up” form of birth control even though preventing a pregnancy and killing a unique human life are two very different things. These women really need to be informed of the risks associated with abortion, especially as it relates to the dangerous RU-486 abortion regimen.
As LifeNews previously reported, since 2001, 12 women worldwide have been documented to have died from fatal bacterial infections involving toxic shock syndrome, sepsis and gas gangrene after medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. In fact, there have been so many problems with the deadly drug that the makers of RU-386 and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have acknowledged that it poses serious health risks for women.
In 2011, Paul Tully, the general secretary for the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children in the U.K., said the following about RU486: “Use of RU486/misoprostol may cause any of the following: hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, severe pain requiring strong pain killers, incomplete abortion, rupture of the uterus, vaginal bleeding, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, muscle weakness, dizziness, flushing, chills, backache, difficulty in breathing, chest pain, palpitations, rise in temperature and fall in blood pressure,” He added, “The number and diverse nature of the side effects of RU486/ misoprostol point to the fact that these are powerful chemicals.”
INTERNATIONAL SARAH ZAGORSKI JUN 10, 2015 | 2:54PM LONDON, ENGLAND | <urn:uuid:9580e1c5-152a-467b-845c-03e6fe016d3c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://laurasgroi.com/stats-show-women-using-abortion-more-often-as-birth-control-to-save-their-careers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499826.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130165437-20230130195437-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.949996 | 687 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Do you know what’s going on in your brain when you first wake up in the morning? Your brain is an electrochemical organ, functioning through electrical activity which we can observe in the form of brainwaves. There are four categories of brainwaves: beta, observable when the brain is actively engaged in a task; theta, a slower-frequency state which can lead to daydreaming; delta, the slowest frequency, seen in deep sleep; and alpha, which falls between beta and theta, and which is the state of your brain in the morning.
The alpha state isn’t observable just in the morning – it’s also the state that your mind will go into when you take a break from an intense task, or when you deliberately take time out to reflect or to meditate. The brainwave frequency ranges from 9 – 14 cycles per second, and some people refer to the alpha state as a gateway into the subconscious.
Regardless, alpha brainwaves are incredibly beneficial. A 2015 study showed that enhancing alpha waves triggered a surge in creativity among the participants, and generally if you’re in an alpha state, you’re feeling calm and relaxed.
When you wake up in the morning, you’re already in an alpha state. This means that the first half-hour or so of your day is the ideal time to get your creative juices flowing.
You can capitalize on this to boost general creativity, and start your day off in a positive manner. Stay away from your phone during this period – and avoid the snooze button at all costs. Instead, use this time to write a few pages in a personal diary, or read a book, or look at art. Your brain is currently perfectly primed to appreciate and to create – take advantage of it.
The benefits throughout the rest of your workday are multifold. Your stress levels are reduced, and your creativity is enhanced – think of it as a muscle; the more you train it, the stronger it grows. You could find yourself coming up with new, innovative approaches to tasks, and feeling more relaxed and less on-edge – which also enhances productivity. Levels of anxiety and depression are also lowered.
Setting aside this time in the morning to focus entirely on creative tasks has long-term benefits too, as well as the immediate short-term benefits throughout the day. Your general creativity and inventiveness will be boosted, stress and anxiety levels are reduced, and if you’re keeping a diary, the insights you reveal to yourself in alpha state can be largely beneficial to your mental health.
So stay away from that snooze button, keep your phone in another room, and pull out that art book when you’re enjoying your morning coffee. The positive results could surprise you! | <urn:uuid:62d741a4-83ac-410b-95a6-d1e47cee6e81> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://myfels.com/the-creative-morning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499826.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130165437-20230130195437-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.952516 | 571 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Staurogyne repens is a fresh green, compact and hardy plant for the foreground of the aquarium and it was found in River Rio Cristalino in the southern Amazonas. It's nearest relative in the aquaristic is Hygrophila but Staurogyne is different with its marked compact, low and bushy stature (5-10 cm) and small green leaves (each stem is 3.4 cm wide). During planting in the aquarium, the longest upright shoots should be cut off and new horizontally creeping shoots will soon form from the plant basis and gradually colonize the gravel.
|Light Demand||Low Light|
|Growth Rate||Moderate Growth|
Tissue culture plants should be removed from the cup as soon as possible. All plants grow on some sort of synthetic growing medium, ranging anywhere from liquid to jelly to firm gel. This should be removed and rinsed off. Gently massage the roots between your fingers until the gel dissolves away. Most plants can be broken up into smaller pieces and spread out in your aquarium. Smaller pieces are easier to plant.
I bought this plant to partition off my blanket of Monte Carlo and it worked great. The cup had plent lot of plants to do what I intended it to do. I love the bright green color and the fact that it is one of the easier plants to care for. The plants arrived in beautiful condition.
Plants arrived in beautiful condition and there are plenty in the cup for the price you pay. This plant is bright and I used it to partition off other plants in my aquarium. I love it’s bright green coloring and it’s easy to take care of.
Great plant that I’m sure would have grown beautifully had my Kuhlis not devoured it within twenty four hours of planting - but that’s just how it be sometimes.
Plants were perfect and completely green and had a good amount | <urn:uuid:633ebe9a-4156-4733-aba5-0fdd854fc363> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://aqualabaquaria.com/products/staurogyne-repens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00291.warc.gz | en | 0.941212 | 463 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Watching an athlete choke can be one of the most difficult, and at the same time, engaging moments to witness. Like watching the scene of a car accident, we just can’t look away. What happens to athletes in these moments?
In this article, we will discuss overthinking in high-pressure situations, a problem common to many, and what you can do to get past it.
The Pressure to Perform
Chuck Knoblauch was an outstanding baseball player in the 1990s. He won Rookie of the Year” and multiple Gold Gloves (outstanding defense). Because of his excellence, he was offered a lucrative contract with the Yankees. Playing for the New York Yankees can bring a good deal of scrutiny and pressure. Under this pressure, Knoblauch began having problems with his throw to first base. Balls would sail over the head of the first baseman. He had thrown to first base thousands of times in his career, but the more pressure in the game, the more he seemed to “forget” how to throw.
Knoblauch is not the first and probably not the last player this has happened to. Tennis players ‘forget’ how to toss the ball up in the serve. Basketball players clank free throws off the back of the backboard. Quarterbacks throw passes that sail off into the air. Soccer players kick empty net goals over the top of the goal. All of these players seem to ‘forget’ how to do movements they have done thousands of times before. If you have ever thrown a ball in the dirt or completely clanked a free throw, then your explicit processing overruled what you know how to do naturally.
Implicit and Explicit Processing
We often learn a task by telling ourselves what to do. In the squat, I think about knees tracking out, butt going back, shins perpendicular, and opening up the hips on the way down. The explicit directions help me learn the movement. Over time, we use these thoughts less and less to guide and control our movements. Movements become implicit or procedural.
“In a situation where we choke, we overthink what we are doing. We try to use explicit processing for something we know implicitly. Thinking gets in the way.”
In previous research, I examined implicit and explicit learning and the networks they activate in the brain. My colleagues and I had people tap keys that corresponded to the color appearing on the screen. The colors appeared in a twelve-digit pattern on the computer (a really boring video game). Because the pattern was long, people did not recognize that the pattern was repeating.
However, participants’ performance got faster and faster over time. The brain began to recognize the next step before it appeared. This processing is done by an area of the brain known for subconscious processing of memory. Another group of people who more aware of the repeating pattern tended to think more explicitly or out loud about the pattern. They were awkward in their learning and learned the pattern slower.
When Thinking Gets in the Way
When we devote conscious resources to a muscle memory task, we are much slower at processing it. It is helpful thinking about the task at first, but when you are advanced at the task, thinking gets in the way. Have you ever tried typing on a keyboard while thinking about the location of the letters? It slows you down.
Imagine doing an Olympic clean movement and thinking about the steps involved. You can’t think as quickly as your body can move. When I teach the clean to beginners, I start them in the power position and tell them to jump with the bar. Most people already know how to jump, so by doing something they recognize they are able to do the movement. We can then add in more complexities over time.
In a situation where we choke, we overthink what we are doing. We try to use explicit processing for something we know implicitly. Thinking gets in the way. We become conscious of patterns that are best served on automatic pilot.
What Is At Stake?
A 2012 study in Neuron examined how reward affected performance. The researchers placed individuals in a fMRI scanner to play a video game where they hit a ball into a hole (sounds a bit like golf). Initially, incentives helped people perform better on this fine motor task.
However, as the subjects improved at the task, higher incentives seemed to reduce task performance. That is, when the shot was worth a great deal more, people tended to choke. The participants became focused on not wanting to lose. Activity in areas of the brain that support the implicit memory system were less active. Areas that focus more on explicit memory became more active. Basically, when the reward was higher, people wanted to work harder to avoid losing. Working hard means putting more resources forward, which engages more conscious processes.
How to Overcome Choking
1. Practice the Movement
Sometimes we think we are choking, but the problem is actually that we don’t have the full implicit process ingrained in memory. A great example is double unders with a jump rope. I have seen many people “have them” only to “lose them” on a later workout. If you haven’t done tens of thousands of double unders, it might be that you don’t “have them” completely in unconscious memory. Until you have mastered a skill, it is likely that performing the movement will flick between conscious and unconscious processes. Practice the movement thousands of times.
2. Think About It More
“Stop thinking about it” is actually bad advice. Trying not to think about a thought tends to make you more aware of it. It is like telling someone who is panicking to try to relax. You are making them more aware that they are not relaxed.
Rather, overthinking the thought will make the thought get tired and fall out of awareness. You can practice next time you have an itch. If you try not thinking about it, the itch will get worse. If you forcefully think about it and how much it itches, it will intensify briefly, but then stop itching. For a movement, we can try to exaggerate what we are doing wrong. If I throw the baseball in the dirt, I will want to think about throwing it harder in the dirt. This contrarian thought will force my unconscious system to take over in most cases.
3. Practice with Pressure
The more you can practice with pressure, the better you will be in the actual situation. If you are doing your first competition soon, practice with people watching and cheering you on. Video yourself if that provokes the same performance issues. College and professional teams practice with loud noises in practice to stimulate game time experience.
4. Moving Awareness
In the spinal cord, incoming neurons can overpower other signals. For example, when you get hurt, you tend to rub the area. The rubbing stimulates neurons entering the spinal cord and subsequently inhibits the neurons carrying the pain signals. In the same way, we can inhibit our overthinking by thinking about something else.
For example, although I don’t recommend this technique, a tennis player could hit herself with the racquet to cause pain. The pain would then overtake her conscious awareness. Maybe a safer idea is to use some other stimuli to overwhelm the conscious processes. You could put ice or menthol cream in your shorts to make you uncomfortable. This problem might overwhelm your conscious thought process and remove the focus from the movement.
One type of choking in sports occurs when our conscious system takes over for skills that are ingrained in our memory. Try walking up or down stairs with your eyes closed. You will probably think about the placement of the stairs. Thinking too much will lead to stumbling. Simply allowing your body to move naturally is much better. By relying on implicit processes we go back to the muscle memory we know well.
This overthinking is different than when we panic. With panic, we tend to have too much anxiety, which inhibits our thinking. We lose the ability to plan and problem solve. In the second article, we will discuss this other phenomenon in more detail.
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1. Chib, Vikram S., Benedetto De Martino, Shinsuke Shimojo, and John P. O’Doherty. “Neural Mechanisms Underlying Paradoxical Performance for Monetary Incentives Are Driven by Loss Aversion.” Neuron 74, no. 3 (October 5, 2012): 582–94. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.038.
2. Marker, Craig D., John E. Calamari, John L. Woodard, and Bradley C. Riemann. “Cognitive Self-Consciousness, Implicit Learning and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 20, no. 4 (2006): 389–407. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.03.003.
Photo 1 courtesy of Shutterstock.
Photo 2 courtesy of Recon Photography. | <urn:uuid:70a4e358-d254-42c4-9b5a-d4b5639f666b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://breakingmuscle.com/why-you-fail-under-pressure-and-how-to-succeed-next-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00291.warc.gz | en | 0.953561 | 1,921 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The 5th Industrial Revolution has Come
+ The U.S. has already launched the “National Quantum Informatization Strategy” in 2018 and the UK “National Quantum Technology Program (UKNQT) Hub” to prepare faithfully for the next generation. Just over 30 years ago, the development of computer technology and the limited supply of IPV4 (Internet Protocol version 4) Internet connection nodes made the IoT world a reality with infinite access along with the development of IPV6 and 5G communication. As a result, it has brought about great changes in people’s daily lives as well as in the formation of value in all fields, such as politics, economy, industry, education, and distribution. In retrospect, the first industrial revolution was the invention of steam engines and electricity, the second industrial revolution was mass production using them, the third industrial revolution was the invention of computers, and the fourth industrial revolution was the realization of an information society using them. The invention and the use of objects have been developed alternately.
IBM is currently running a 65-qubit “Hummingbird processor” and says it will soon release a 127-qubit quantum computer called “Eagle.” Subsequently, IBM is working hard to develop quantum computers, heralding the development of the “”Osprey system,”” which increased the number of qubits to 433 in 2022, followed by the development of “”Condors”” that exceed the number of qubits 1121.
+ In view of this phenomenon, the 5th industrial revolution will be an invention of something again, and I am convinced that the advent of quantum computers is an invention that will lead to the 5th industrial revolution. The development of quantum technology will not only take a major step forward in science and technology, but will bring about innovative changes throughout the economy, industry, and national defense. Quantum technology, with the advent of quantum computers, will identify the scientific revolution that will change the world’s paradigm once again, as well as the creation and distribution routes of viruses such as incurable diseases and corona through gene and genome analysis and processed as big data. This will help us find the cause of a global disaster based on scientific evidence and prepare for it. Although Newtonian mechanics couldn’t be explained, quantum technology is a power that can reconstruct national hegemony as well as the rapid development of the weapons system that strengthens national defense thanks to the inexplicable detail of ultra-precision sensors.
+ There is overconfidence in the commercialization and potential level of quantum technology. However, in reality, there is not much of a ripple effect and an alternative to that would be more beneficial for the future of the country to preoccupy the technology by understanding and complementing its potential and ripple effect. There are leaders in the development of quantum technology, but no country has an absolute advantage yet.
+ Considering the research environment when Korea started developing semiconductors, although it started late, it is thought that the capabilities of the world’s strongest semiconductor myth can be fully demonstrated in the current quantum technology. This is especially true in the past history of South Korea, which was a latecomer to semiconductors, but then eventually became a powerhouse of semiconductors. Now, I hope that Korea will become the epicenter of the 5th industrial revolution by reflecting on the importance of quantum technology and computers and systematically and meticulously establishing the ripple effect and utilization strategies in each field.
Content may have been edited for style and clarity. The “+” to the left of paragraphs or other statements indicates quoted material from “Source:” document. Boldface title is original title from “Source:” Italicized statements are directly quoted from “Source:” document. Image sources are indicated as applicable. | <urn:uuid:6d852f92-9b4d-4b7d-829b-60b64c9f444e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://qubitreport.com/quantum-computing-science-and-research/2021/08/27/is-south-korea-set-to-be-the-epicenter-of-the-5th-industrial-revolution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00291.warc.gz | en | 0.946838 | 796 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Information safety focuses on the security and integrity info. It includes secure systems, secure design, and insurance policies and operations. Failing to guard sensitive details can lead to high priced security incidents, regulatory aigu?, lawsuits, and a big hit to the bottom line.
Delicate information may include personal data, business information, and information about clients. These can become protected with a variety of solutions, including transmission testing, vulnerability control, and technical solutions.
Details stored in your computer system is split up into mutually exclusive partitioning. Each zone consists of a set of labeled information. The compartments happen to be designated for people How reliable are Data Rooms who’ve been cleared to get into that information.
The ultimate goal of information peace of mind is to make sure data dependability, confidentiality, and non-repudiation. It also maintains simplicity and helps to ensure that data is available.
Information security is a wide-ranging topic that has been explored in many fields. A narrow give attention to the proper protection mechanisms of any system will produce false self confidence in the system as a whole.
Contrary to traditional computer security, info protection aims to eliminate vulnerabilities. This includes the application of encryption, protection solutions, and operations. Defining the storage and transmission techniques of sensitive data, identifying who are able to access this information, and defining the sensitivity degrees of that info are all crucial aspects of a powerful information safety policy.
An info owner is anticipated to make handles decisions depending on risk analysis. In addition , the principles of visibility and reuse must be thought to be. For example , a user should have access to the knowledge relevant to their very own job. | <urn:uuid:81f3e84b-4629-4300-8a33-44eca1243571> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://ayekantun.cl/precisely-what-is-information-proper-protection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203091020-20230203121020-00371.warc.gz | en | 0.937438 | 339 | 3.21875 | 3 |
A novice electronics repairman has a huge number of questions. Engaged in soldering work, both SMD components and BGA chips, for more than 8 years, the masters of Bgacenter have prepared for you a comprehensive guide on soldering. You can also learn soldering for beginners under the guidance of specialists, here is a professional soldering program.
The process of soldering bga chips, for convenience, is divided into several consecutive steps. The main ones are:
Before performing soldering work, carefully inspect the place of the upcoming soldering. Namely: which chips are located next to each other, whether there are those that are covered with a compound (we place heat sinks on them), which chips are located on the back side of the motherboard.
If you solder the chips, and on the other side is the CPU or BB_RF; try to pull the chip a little and not let the solder completely melt under the chip. This is the so-called cold soldering, which allows you not to heat the chips located on the reverse side. In this case, we risk tearing off the nickels on the contact pad, but they can then be restored. In addition, more often open pacifiers-unused contacts.
It is important to consider the ambient temperature. That is, in winter, if the room is cool or there are drafts, the temperature should be raised a little higher by 20-30 degrees Celsius.
After conducting a visual inspection, it is necessary to determine the direction of the hot air flow. The general rule is the direction of the hair dryer from the chips on the compound. Then we install the heat sinks of the chip with the compound. Use tweezers to “try on” the chip. How it will be captured, from which side the blade will start (we remove the chips on the compound with a spatula). If necessary, remove part of the binding, then restore the binding before soldering U.
Set the temperature on the hair dryer to 320-340 degrees Celsius. The air flow rate is an individual value for each thermal air soldering station.
Direct the hair dryer to the board, for 5-7 seconds, (preheat the board) raise the temperature of the soldering site. To avoid thermal deformations of the motherboard. And for uniform heating. The flux spreads and is evenly distributed over the desired area.
Air flow. This is individual. A lot depends on how close you are soldering from the element. I solder close to the element, almost close. And on a large stream. Due to this, the time of exposure to hot air on the board is reduced. The flow must be selected, there are 2 criteria here:
Apply the flux around the perimeter of the chip, since the board is hot, it immediately spreads and flows under the chip. The flux is necessary for a uniform temperature distribution. Start the hair dryer as vertically as possible. And we begin to warm up the chip, constantly making circular movements, for uniform heating.
The moment of removing the chip. You can navigate by time (earlier, 7 years ago (: drunk I counted the seconds in my head) or by a nearby capacitor. If the capacitor moves freely, I warm it for another 5 seconds, then a slight horizontal shift to the side, and then raise it. If you immediately lift it vertically up, it is possible to break off the nickels. I try not to allow the duration of heating more than 20 seconds. Some BGA chips have a glass case and it is important not to damage it. If there is at least a small chip or scratch on the chip body during soldering, I change the chip using a donor board.
With a thin-tipped soldering iron, apply the Rose alloy to each pin on the contact pad. This is necessary to lower the temperature of the factory lead-free solder. If you are afraid to tear off the contacts (or when you have little experience) when working with a soldering iron, you can tin the braid with Rose alloy and already tin the contacts on the contact pad with the braid. At the same time, special attention is paid to the binding, very easily and imperceptibly you can “remove” the radio components and then you will need to restore them before installing the chip.
Apply flux to the braid and without pressing on the board (put the soldering iron and pulled the braid) collect the remaining solder from the contact pad.
Use a cotton swab or a toothbrush soaked in BR-2 technical gasoline (or alcohol) to clean the contact pad from the flux residues. Before washing, lower the temperature of the board. As I understand it, when it is already possible to wash with gasoline? The finger is placed on the board, and if the finger tolerates, then you can also use gasoline, to avoid damage to the board.
Set the temperature on the hair dryer to 240-250 degrees Celsius. With a special spatula or tweezers, remove the remnants of the compound from the contact pad, from under the chip, and be sure to clean the perimeter. Often, very small radio components are installed around the chips and filled with a compound. Therefore, special attention is paid when cleaning the compound so as not to tear off the binding together with the glue. To do this, it is recommended to warm up the board for a sufficient time to soften the glue. And remove the compound in layers, and not immediately to the full depth. Finally wash the soldering place.
When performing repairs, in the mode of diode ringing, measure the voltage drop at each contact. Be sure to let the board cool down and only then perform measurements. Hot capacitors can show short circuit, and when their temperature drops, short circuit will not show.
Place the chip on a special mat, on top of which place a napkin or a piece of denim.
To restore the ball pins on the chip, you need to remove the existing solder. With a soldering iron, you can tin all the pins on the chip with a Rose alloy (for large NAND Flash or Wi-Fi chips, small chips can not be tinned with a Rose, but immediately collect the solder with a copper braid). Be careful with the glass cases, the pins are easily damaged and then do not get stale.
Apply the flux to the chip and use a braid with a soldering iron to collect the solder mixed with Roze. If necessary, remove the remaining compound from the surface of the chip. Wash the chip with a cotton swab or a toothbrush.
Choose a stencil. First, under a microscope, evaluate the condition of the stencil (the quality of the cut, contamination with paste or flux), if necessary, wash the stencil with gasoline or replace it. Combine the stencil with the chip and press it with tweezers. Use a spatula to apply a little paste to the stencil and rub the bga paste into the holes. Remove excess paste with a spatula and a cotton swab.
From this point on, and during subsequent knurling, do not allow horizontal and vertical displacements of the knurled chip relative to the stencil.
Lower the temperature on the hair dryer to about 250-270 degrees Celsius. The air flow can also be reduced compared to the flow during disassembly. Direct the hair dryer to the stencil and warm it up around the perimeter, performing circular movements. Evaporate the flux from the paste and finally form the conclusions on the chip.
With a dental probe or tweezers, push the chip out of the stencil (pushing it into the corner contacts). This must be done before the chip has cooled down, otherwise it will get stuck in the stencil.
Additionally, once again warm up the newly formed contacts with a hair dryer, for the final formation of the balls.
If the harness was shifted when lifting the chip, first restore the harness, only then work with the chip. On the hair dryer, set T = 280-320 degrees Celsius (depending on the paste used) and reduce the air flow, compared to the flow during evaporation.
Apply a small amount of flux to the contact pad. if there is a lot of flux, the chip will float in it.
Set the chip on the gaps and on the key:
Direct the hot air flow to the soldered chip. If the chip blows off the board, start the hair dryer on top. In this case, the air will press down on the chip and it will not move. And it can also blow away the chip, because the master forgot to add the flux — . In no case should you put pressure on the chip from above.
How to understand that the chip is soldered:
Wash the flux from the motherboard.
Lower the board temperature before checking. You can not connect to the LBP and supply power to the hot board immediately after soldering. Since there are lines, most often these are the main power lines of the processor and RAM, which have low resistance. And when the voltage is applied to the hot board, the LBP can register a short circuit. Connect the board to the laboratory and apply the voltage, starting from 0 volts, gradually bring it to the working 3.8 Volts. If the soldering is done efficiently, then the current consumption on the unit will not show.
Software used by Bgacenter masters: Wuxinji, JCID, Xinjijao. Each software has its own advantages and disadvantages. The main software is Wuxinji.
A necessary and sufficient set of equipment and consumables to perform independent repairs of the motherboards of phones, tablets and laptops.
Thermal Air Soldering Station
Laboratory power supply unit
Silicone heat-resistant mat
1.5 and 2.0 mm solder removal braid
Soldering for a novice master is a fascinating process. Independent development of which will require not only significant material, but also financial investments. It is clear that experience comes with practice. And the more of this practice, the more professional the soldering master becomes. But there is one thing — – it is better to start under the guidance of experienced masters. Who, having a large background, are ready to share their knowledge and experience with others. | <urn:uuid:3cbd30d6-7440-4885-a037-9f7a7fd46dad> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://bga.center/en/soldering-for-beginners | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203091020-20230203121020-00371.warc.gz | en | 0.925436 | 2,195 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Of the thousands of plants growing wild in nature, most are considered common weeds. However, many of these plants have healing, therapeutic properties.
When out exploring nature, don’t be too quick to dismiss a plant as just another wildflower or common weed. Mountain mint, dandelion, burdock root, Oregon grape root, willow, plantain, arnica, chickweed, calendula, chamomile, and yarrow all offer health benefits. These common woodland plants are among the many medicinal plants found in Mother Nature’s medicine chest.
Let’s take a look at some of those herbs that you can make use of.
An ointment crafted from calendula (Calendula officinalis) applied to the skin relieves pain and reduces inflammation from leg ulcers, varicose veins, and hemorrhoids. Calendula, also known as pot marigold, also speeds the healing process of bites, cuts, and sore, dry skin. When preparing a salve with calendula as the featured herb, add antiseptic properties by adding tea tree or thyme essential oils. To craft a drawing ointment, blend in powdered marshmallow root or powdered slippery elm.
Calendula grows well in a full sun location but manages fine in partial shade. Cut back the plants to encourage flower production. Once established, it self-sows liberally. Calendula is an ideal plant for the homestead herb garden, thriving in almost any type of soil in United States Plant Hardiness Zones 2 through 11.
St. John’s Wort
St. John’s wort (Hypericum calycinum) is a compact, dense small shrub. Slow growing, it reaches a mature height of 3 feet. The plant presents upright branches with exfoliating reddish-purple bark. The leaves are deep blue-green. The feathery-textured foliage turns a brilliant yellow in the fall. In late spring and early summer, the hardy little shrubs display an abundance of golden yellow flower clusters.
A healing herbal ointment that includes St. John’s wort acts as an analgesic, helping to reduce nerve pain. The healing properties in St. John’s wort help soothe pain and encourage the healing of cuts, scrapes, burns, and bites. To infuse the ointment with analgesic properties, add clove essential oil.
Low maintenance and eye-catching, it is fabulous when used about the homestead as a ground cover in a rock garden. An excellent plant to control erosion, Saint John’s wort tolerates drought, poor soil, heat, and shade.
Related Post: Homestead Stories: St. Benedict’s Herb
A member of the plant family Berberidaceae, Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium), also known as Oregon grape holly, blue barberry, or Oregon barberry, flourishes through the northwestern portion of the United States. A low-growing, evergreen vining plant, Oregon grape presents deep green holly-like leaves that turn a brilliant reddish-orange in autumn. During the cold days of winter, the leaves take on a deep burgundy color in striking contrast against a snowy landscape. Oregon grape grows best in United States Plant Hardiness Zones 5 through 9. Drought-tolerant and disease resistant, Oregon grape thrives in sunshine or shade and does well in poor soil.
There are two different types of Oregon grape: A dwarf, low-growing groundcover, and a shrub-like bush that reaches up to 9 feet tall at maturity. In early spring, both varieties display an abundance of bright yellow flowers followed by a tart, deep purple, edible fruit. Oregon grape provides habitat and food for songbirds and other wildlife.
Oregon grape proves useful as a digestive stimulant. The hardy perennial plant presents anti-microbial, -fungal, -bacterial, -inflammatory, and -parasitic properties. Traditionally the little plant has been used for a diverse array of medical maladies including gastrointestinal issues (including giardia, an infectious type of diarrhea) as an anti-inflammatory in the treatment of eczema and psoriasis, as well as proving useful in the treatment of eye infections, athlete’s foot, acne, and other skin irritations.
Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum muticum), also known as short-tooth mint, is a low-growing mint native to the eastern portion of the United States. Found growing in open pastures, alpine meadows, and low woodlands, the hardy perennial plant is an excellent ground cover that spreads by rhizomes. Drought-tolerant mountain mint grows best in United States Plant Hardiness Zones 4 through 11. You can start the tough little plant from seed or rhizomes.
Mountain mint repels deer, rabbits, and leaf-chewing insects. They can’t stand the taste or smell of it. The plant is useful around the homestead for planting in areas where deer tend to browse your favorite perennials. Mountain mint can be planted as a border around flowerbeds or as an underplanting around fruit trees. The herbaceous perennial does best in full sun but is tolerant of shade.
The plant presents a pungent odor similar to spearmint when crushed. The dark green leaves edged in silver are heart-shaped, and about 2 inches long. In summer, mountain mint displays deep pink, tubular-shaped flowers attractive to bees and butterflies. Mountain mint is an important plant in northeastern butterfly gardens.
The fragrant ground cover is not invasive. When planted in mass, the densely leafed mountain mint’s silvery brackets give the entire mass planting the appearance of being drifted with light snowfall. Pruning the roots in early spring with a spade prevents mountain mint from spreading.
Indigenous peoples gathered the leaves for preparing a medicinal, mild-tasting tea that proved effective in treating stomach distress, ulcers, fevers, and colds. Mountain mint is also used as a culinary herb to enhance the flavor of sweet and savory dishes.
Dried mountain mint is a primary ingredient in many smoking blends. When blended with dried mullein weed, bunchberry leaves, and a pinch of tobacco, and then rolled as a cigarette or placed in a pipe, Mountain mint contributes to a smooth, flavorful smoke that is used to relieve migraine headaches and help calm the spirit and alleviate stress.
When wild-harvested plants are used as the primary herb or infused together with garden herbs and essential oils in a creamy herbal ointment, they bring healing relief to dry, rough skin and chapped lips, relieve muscle pain, help heal cuts, insect bites, and allergy irritations.
Mullein is an herbaceous biennial that grows leaves during the first year and then flowers and dies the second year’s growth. During the first year, it can produce 18- to 20-inch wooly-gray leaves that form giant rosettes. The thick wooly leaves were used to wrap food to prevent spoilage.
Mullein weed (Verbascum thapsus) found in open meadows, in open woodlands, roadside ditches, paddocks, pastures, and homestead gardens throughout the United States, is a key ingredient in a great many herbal remedies. The healing oil is used to treat earaches, and the stalks of the plant are bound into bundles for torches. Historically, the tenacious wildflower’s leaves were smoked to relieve lung congestion and to induce a pain-relieving euphoria. The leaves were also boiled to release essential oils that were skimmed off the top of the water when it cooled.
The dried flowers were reserved for a potent tea to treat stomach disorders, coughs, colds, dysentery, relieve melancholy, and restore energy.
A long-prized herb widely used in Western herbology, burdock root demonstrates proven efficiency as a blood purifier or blood cleanser, especially useful in healing skin infections and disorders and for overall optimum skin health. Burdock (Arctium minus), a member of the plant family Asteraceae is native to Europe and Asia, but several species valued for burdocks’ potent diuretic, detoxifying, and diaphoretic properties have been introduced worldwide. Burdock thrives in United States Plant Hardiness Zones 4 through 9.
A recent research study into the medicinal benefits of burdock revealed antibiotic activity generated by the presence of as many as 14 different polyacetylene compounds found in the fresh root. Two of these compounds possess fungistatic and bacteriostatic properties.
In ancient Chinese medicine traditions, burdock seeds (known as Niu Bang Zi) are added to boiling water and allowed to steep to a strong and flavorful tea used to treat stomach distress and chronic constipation.
Burdock is also included as the main ingredient in essiac tea, a formula used by cancer patients worldwide as an herbal alternative treatment for cancer. It is also a primary ingredient in Hoxsey tea, another widely used herbal anticancer brew.
Bur oil, also known as burdock root oil extract, is used throughout Europe as an itch relieving treatment for dandruff and as a preventative for hair loss. Burdock oil is a rich source of phytosterols, and essential fatty acids said to enhance hair shine, body, and strength by promoting a healthy scalp and improved hair growth while it offers immediate relief from a dry, itchy scalp.
The large leaves of the herbaceous perennial reach up to 30 inches long. Blooming from early July through August, burdock flowers provide essential nectar and pollen for honeybees.
Be On The Lookout
Visit your local county extension agent for assistance in identifying wild medicinal plants native to your local area. These natural healing herbs are excellent additions to the homestead herb garden or disperse across meadows and drainages. When wild harvesting, do so away from roadways to avoid gathering plants that may have been sprayed with herbicides.
- National Park Service – Low-Growing Oregon Grape https://www.nps.gov/sajh/learn/nature/low-oregon-grape.htm
- King County Native Plant Guide – Tall Oregon Grape https://green2.kingcounty.gov/gonative/Plant.aspx?Act=view&PlantID=25
- Herb Society of America – Mountain Mint https://herbsocietyorg.presencehost.net/file_download/inline/34699647-3623-4591-911b-865c93fe9c14
- Medical News Today – What to Know About Burdock Root https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320035
- The University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension – Mullein Weed https://www.uaex.edu/yard-garden/resource-library/plant-week/common-mullein.aspx
- Minnesota Wildflowers – Common Burdock https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/common-burdock | <urn:uuid:5f16544d-cf42-40cd-8bb3-4ac1b51dd266> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://insteading.com/blog/healing-herbs-you-should-know-about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500288.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205193202-20230205223202-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.915187 | 2,360 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Here at CRC, safety is our number one priority. We have dedicated staff who can offer a range of support to young people and vulnerable adults. They are all based in The Hub when on-site and are accessible face to face, by phone, email and online via Teams. This team can also make referrals to external agencies to provide specialist support when required, such as counselling or mental health services.
By providing early help and support to young people and their families we can work together to find the most appropriate solutions to prevent issues escalating and to ensure that our students are safe.
We have put together the information below to help you to keep your child safe. Under useful links we have included our policies which explain how we meet our safeguarding and child protection responsibilities.
Our Designated Safeguarding Leads are:
Our Student Advisors are available to speak to via drop-in appointments or 1:1 scheduled appointments. They can assess you for financial support whilst at college and can offer advice and support on welfare related issues including: mental health issues; sexual health; stress; relationship issues; bullying; housing; benefits; young carer; anger management; and can provide support and advice on other matters.
All staff at Cambridge Regional College are trained in Safeguarding. In addition to this we have a dedicated team of experienced Safeguarding Officers who lead on all Child Protection and Safeguarding issues.
The safety and welfare of children, young people and adults – or safeguarding – is everybody’s responsibility.
For further information about potential safeguarding concerns and what to do click here:
E-Safety – More than ever children and young people are online. The internet can provide great opportunities to learn and interact with friends, but it is essential that we teach young people to be ‘virtually street wise’ and to keep safe. There are ways to protect your children with the internet.
Click the button below and click here
Parents’ Ultimate Guide to TikTok (Commonsense Media)
TikTok App Safety – What parents need to know (Internet Matters)
A new website www.actearly.uk has been developed by the Home Office so anyone can share their concerns in confidence. It informs people about how to report if you’re worried someone close is expressing extreme views or hatred, which could lead them to harming themselves or others.
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is a term used to describe sexual actions that are outside what is safe for a young person’s stage of development. It includes actions that can harm either the child or young person themselves, or another person. Find out more here.
Parents can also download the CCO Guide: Talking to your Child About Online Sexual Harassment by clicking here
Children and young people involved with gangs and criminal exploitation need help and support. They might be victims of violence or pressured into doing things like stealing or carrying drugs or weapons. They might be abused, exploited and put into dangerous situations. Click on the information below for advice about what to do if a child is being groomed to join or has already joined a gang.
The use of both legal and illegal drugs among teenagers and young adults is widespread. Teenagers are likely to experiment, test boundaries and take risks. Smoking, drinking and trying drugs are some of the most common ways in which many young people do this.
However, substance misuse is also one of the most common risks to a young person’s health and development. All drugs have the potential to cause harm, some can be addictive, and using drugs in combination can increase the risks. Legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco can be very addictive. Illegal drugs include cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy and heroin.
There are things you can do as a parent to help your child develop a healthy and informed relationship with alcohol and drugs.
Domestic abuse, or domestic violence, is defined across Government as any incident of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of their gender or sexuality.
Children, who witness, intervene or hear incidents are affected in many ways. What can be guaranteed is that children do hear, they do see and they are aware of abuse in the family. Children and young people will learn how to behave from examples parents set for them. Domestic abuse teaches children negative things about relationships and how to deal with people. At CRC we are committed to work with our students and families to ensure that they are safe. We are an Operation Encompass college. For further information and support please click here | <urn:uuid:f2e41214-2198-4d7c-91c8-d345d564dae2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.camre.ac.uk/crc-parents/keeping-safe-guide-for-parents-carers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500719.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208060523-20230208090523-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.959637 | 942 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The scent of mastic is fascinating and the authenticity of its people is captivating. Ingenious, cheerful and hospitable the people of Chios maintain all the characteristics for which they are famous in Greece.
Medieval villages with representations engraved on the exterior walls of the houses, cherry tomatoes hung on the balconies and alleys set with pebbles, give the island a particular style.
According to the myth, Chios was the most likely birth place of Homer.
Characteristic of Chios is the blue sea, the green of the pinewoods, the red of the wild tulips and the golden of the mastic.
A place of intense cultural and commercial activity since the ancient years and the fifth in size island in Greece, Chios offers its visitors its beauties, and its rich history.
The Mastic Villages (Mesta, Kalamoti, Vessa, Olympi, Elata, Pyrgi) apart from being the main regions for the mastic production, have a particular Genoese fortified architecture.
Among them Pyrgi the “painted village”. The facades of the houses are decorated with geometric grey and white patterns of Italian origin called “Xista”.
Mesta village is a model of fortification architecture, with the traditional houses built close one to another thus creating a protection wall.
In Daskalopetra site, the Homer’s rock on which according to tradition Homer was sitting and giving lectures, even thought latest researches have shown that it probably was a sanctuary dedicated to goddess Kiveli.
The Fortress of Chios dated back to the Byzantine Era at the north of the port. Inside the fortress stand Genoese houses.
The Ioustiniani Palace, a building dated back to 15th century near the central gate of the castle
Kampos, a unique domestic agriculture settlement where citrus fruits are being cultivated and it has preserved its characteristic from the 14th century until nowadays. It was the residence of Chios’ ruling class.
The biotopes in the areas “Limnos” and “Parpanta” with turtles and birds.
The Genoese settlement “Sklavia”
The castle city in Anavatos
- The Archaeological Museum at the island’s capital
- The Byzantine Museum at the island’s capital
- Korais Library, Argentis Museum at the island’s capital
- The Maritime Museum at the capital
- Ioustiniani Palace
Churches – Monasteries
- Nea Moni. A nun monastery founded during 11th century, the most important in the island’s history.
- The monastery of Aghios Minas, symbol of the Massacre of Chios in 1822.
- Panagia Krina in Chalkio dated back to the 12th century.
- The church of Panagia Sikelia dated back to the 13th century.
- The monastery of Panagia Plakidiotissa
- The church of Aghia Markella, Saint-protector of Chios, celebrated on July 22.
- In Mesta the churches of Taxiarchis and Old Taxiarchis.
- Mavra Volia in Emporio’s bay with the black volcanic rocks that create the enchanting scenery.
- Karfas, the most famous sandy beach in Chios
Komi, a sandy beach
- Nagos with the pebbles
- Aghia Fotia with the pebbles
- Limenas Meston
- Aghia Irini
- Aghio Gala
- Kato Fana
- Lo’s bay in Vrontado
What to shop
- Mastic (crystals), gums, mastic sweet, spoon sweets (baby eggplants, cherry, pistachios, roses etc), tray bake sweets, nougats, ouzo, liqueur, rose water.
- Potteries from Armolia and the capital.
- Embroidery and rag dolls made by the women cooperation of Kallimasia, textile by the women cooperation of Thumiana and the rural-tourist cooperation of Notiochora.
- Staves, honey and aromatic herbs from Anavatos | <urn:uuid:89e52801-d996-4d44-8e22-b195b4a5f7f4> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.hellogreece.gr/en/northeast-aegean-islands/chios/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500719.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208060523-20230208090523-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.896547 | 936 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Cross-Curricular SMSC at Summerfield
In English we aim to develop and nurture SMSC and British Values into our curriculum and through lesson delivery. Our content and use of language aims to incorporate and develop mutual respect, tolerance, promote rule of law, democracy and liberty. We teach a range of diverse pupils from a range of backgrounds and we address a number of areas as part of our planned SOW.
Some key areas are outlined below:
At KS3 we cover modules such as Fairy Tales’ which explore tales from different backgrounds that promote morals and values which link to the British Values. Through studying a range of text we explore themes linked to rule of law, respect and tolerance. This is also encouraging pupils to explore gender roles and how they have changed and developed promoting equality and respect.
Through the ‘War’ module pupils are able to explore British history and discuss ideas linked to democracy.
Pupils are able to implement above themes by creating their own narratives through the creative writing modules and are able to create characters who reflect morals and values as discussed and debated. Pupils are encouraged to build and learn new vocabulary and discuss ideas such as stereotyping, the importance of law and are routinely encouraged to talk about their social and emotional challenges.
Through our English Language GCSE modules pupils at KS4 are able to explore a range of SMSC and British Values themes and ideas. Through studying a range of fiction and non-fiction such as ‘A Christmas Carol’ pupils are able to explore moral consciousness and responsibility, as well as themes of charity and giving. Themes of mental health are also explored through extracts such as ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ which allow pupils to discuss mental health and compare historical and modern attitudes.
British Morals and SMSC ideas are also discussed through looking at non-fiction extracts which explore real life issues linked to racism, mental health, social images and the module also allows pupils to create their own non-fiction writing through speech and letter writing giving their point of views on views such as racism, social media, mental health and so on.
Through debate and discussion pupils at all levels are able to give their own opinions in a safe, secure and stimulating environment.
Social – Working in groups to review and evaluate work of industry professionals as well as each other’s work in a productive and respectful manner, improving social skills.
Moral – Writing music that has a positive/realistic message about the impact and consequences of our past and current behaviour, as well as the behaviour of those in our local community.
Cultural – Listening to and incorporating elements of music from different cultures and other parts of the world
Spiritual – Showing respect and understanding of others beliefs and experience when taking part in group discussions and exploring our own imagination and creativity.
We use inclusive language and examples that include different families, and take opportunities to mention LGBT+ people in the field of maths and related disciplines (For example Alan Turing can lead to a whole Code Breaking Unit of work).
We include reference to ethnic minorities, the LGBT+ community and different family structures when posing questions. We use research into the experiences of LGBT+ people in data handling and examine arguments for and against capturing data on sexual orientation and gender identity.
The mathematics curriculum promotes the British values of tolerance and resilience on a daily basis through problem solving and understanding of complex concepts, encouraging students to persevere and try different methods to arrive at a correct solution. Students are encouraged to builds on and learn from their mistakes in maths lessons.
Mathematics is an ancient and universal subject. People of all faiths, cultures, creed and colour use Mathematics every day in their lives. The first people to know and do calculations were mathematicians from Arabia, Greece, and Iran – in fact, the word ‘Algebra’ comes from Persian and Arabic language. Mathematics is a universal language understood by all people of all types of ethnicity and backgrounds all around the globe. When delivering Mathematics to students of different backgrounds, staff ensure that students know the background of mathematics and how it is related to all and every one of us from cradle to grave – whether shopping, paying bills, going on holiday, working, or studying.
In terms of British Values, we incorporate these in the following ways:
Democracy: Students consider and debate the consequences, advantages and disadvantages of things such as ethical decisions relating to Maths, business and economies, and how maths is used and abused as well as how data can be used to change perception, opinion, action and cause reaction.
Individual Liberty: Opportunities to discuss viewpoints are encouraged whilst ensuring students are respectful to others. At the same time, students are reminded of an expectation of respect for all others. Through various forms of mathematical issues, freedom of speech is discussed.
Tolerance: Values such as respect, tolerance of other opinions and positive criticism are embedded in Maths to develop students who are resilient, respectful, determined and respectful creates a positive set of values to apply to all areas of life and help develop student’s character.
Respect: At all times within the subject, students are encouraged to recognise an individual’s strength and support their development. Students are encouraged to embrace diversity and treat all others with respect, both in and out of the classroom. We encourage equality and diversity at every opportunity.
Here at Summerfield Education Centre, our Food Technology department contributes to the pupils’ SMSC development by incorporating the core principles through a wide and comprehensive curriculum which meets the learning needs of all of our pupils in an inclusive and empathetic manner.
Spiritual development of pupils is shown by:
- Providing students with the opportunity to participate in making and evaluating food from other countries, and having an understanding about how food differs in other countries and continents from the world around them.
- Acknowledging and exploring government guidelines for healthy eating and dietary requirements to make healthy life choices.
- By offering feedback and assessment that values pupils’ effort and achievements.
- Mutual respect is developed through the process of peer evaluation of each other’s work and standards, and a positive and informative use of feedback from teaching staff both formerly and in-formerly throughout the academic year. A pupil’s ability to self-reflect is developed through self-assessment.
- Both classroom and practical based lessons in Food offer pupils the opportunity to reflect on their experiences, use their imagination and creativity when cooking.
- Pupils have the opportunity to reflect and consider a range of factors in the natural world and how these influence chefs and culinary traditions.
- Pupils also explore how a range of beliefs influence food choice and habit as well as using a range of equipment and explore properties of ingredients both organic and non-organic to create a range of dishes using herbs and fruits
The moral development of pupils is shown by:
- By developing individual skills, confidence, independence and creativity through practical cooking lessons. Pupils learn and make decisions about food safety and hygiene.
- Promoting participation and teamwork in practical cooking lessons, which ultimately encourages pupils to work co-operatively.
- Reflecting on the ethical issues around food such as price, income, fair trade, food miles and sustainability. Opportunities are provided to appreciate the views of others, which are crucial to enable the development of pupils social and moral skills.
- Reflecting on the moral issues concerning food production in other countries of the world.
- Lessons and work experience opportunities are offered so that pupils have enjoyment and a fascination to learn about the food they eat.
- Pupils explore mass production and principles of wastage such as the 3 ‘R’s and how they make a positive contribution if utilised effectively. Pupils are encouraged to explore different uses for food waste.
- Pupils are actively encouraged to research and explore culinary habits and traditions and how we have become more multi-cultural.
The social development of pupils is shown by:
- Developing partnerships with outside agencies and individuals to extend pupils’ cultural and social awareness i.e. colleges/parents/chefs through work experience opportunities.
- Positive and effective links are made with the world of work and wider community through careers opportunities.
- Pupils are encouraged to research and explore different factors relating to how a person’s culinary influences effect food choices such as finance, religion, traditions and exposure habits.
- A range of scenarios encourage pupils to explore a range of multi-cultural foods. Projects allow for group work to enhance and develop social skills along with appropriate knowledge required for the course.
The cultural development of pupils is shown by:
- Giving pupils the opportunity to explore cultural differences in food and diet – to explore their own cultural assumptions and values.
- Pupils are encouraged to recognise and respect cultural and social differences of other pupils within food lessons.
- Pupils learn to cook a variety of recipes including traditional British foods and world foods.
- Pupils learn about Government guidance given on Healthy Eating and the concern for the health of the British population.
- Pupils are encouraged to look at and sample a range of ingredients from different cultures as well as developing an understanding of dietary beliefs such as kosher and vegetarianism and veganism. Pupils expand their creativity by exploring how recipes and dishes from different cultures can influence modern cuisine and how many of these traditions are celebrated throughout a diverse and multicultural society.
We incorporate British Values into our curriculum by introducing students to a variety of different cultures, religions, and genres via the media of film and film making. Photoshop and filmography units give students the opportunity to explore the moral obligations of the media in presenting balanced cultural and spiritual views, as well as positive body image and self worth.
- We seek to explore creativity and imagination in the design and construction of digital products
- We promote self-esteem through the presentation of your work to others
- Students explore how ideas in computing have inspired others
- We create digital products which incorporate personal beliefs
- We encourage good etiquette when using digital technology including mobile devices and with due regard to e-safety
- We encourage respect for other people’s views and opinions
- We encourage respect for the computer room and the equipment you use and how this affects others
- We encourage respect in the use of digital equipment and its impact on the environment – for example, ink and paper wastage
- We explore moral issues around the around the use of digital technology – For example, copyright and plagiarism
- We explore the promotion of moral issues through your digital products
- We encourage students to assist one another in problem solving
- We encourage appropriate social behaviours in the classroom including listening whilst others are talking and generally interacting as caring a community
- We encourage good practice and respect in the use of social networking
- We encourage the sensible use of digital technology in the classroom situations given that we are currently living in a digitally cultural environment
- We encourage an awareness and appreciation of the digital divide and to be aware of differing cultural and spiritual or religious views towards the use of digital technology
- We empower pupils to apply their ICT and computing skills and knowledge to the wider curriculum and acknowledge links between subjects. For example, co-ordinates in programming and their connections with Maths and CDT
Science covers a broad range of topics that encourage the development of students’ SMSC understanding. We ensure that there is ‘literacy for all’ in every lesson, so pupils are continually expanding their subject-specific vocabulary. There are posters promoting British values around the room, which often inspire discussion between students.
- The importance of a healthy, balanced diet
- Vaccinations – arguments for and against, as well as economical and political influences
- Medicines and drugs – practical and moral aspects of the development and testing of clinical drugs
- Hormones in controlling fertility and the use of fertility drugs (including problems and benefits)
- Artificial selection, including arguments for and against selective breeding, stem cell research and genetic engineering
- Local, national, international and global environment – including the effects of pollution, use of plastics, pesticides, recycling and land fill
- Darwin’s theory of evolution
- Natural selection and the use of medicines and drugs to increase life expectancy
- Sexual reproduction – including the use of contraception, IVF and chromosomes
- Fracking and the extraction of ores – impact on communities and the environment, plus the economic gain vs the drawbacks on the landscape and economic factors
- Exploring the positive and negative aspects (as well as the moral standpoints) of the manufacturing and use of plastics
- Development of biodegradable alternatives to packaging, pipes and containers – the cost, revenue and benefits of doing so
- Energy forms, matter, bi-products and waste
- Use of energy resources – including the development of reusable energy and how to conserve energy at home
- The use of nuclear fuel and its dangers
- Insulation of homes and the use of electricity
- The effect of ultraviolet light waves on human body tissue and the importance of sun safety
- Health benefits of micro waves and the use of energy-efficient lamps and other appliances
- The use of X-rays for medical treatments
- The impact of mobile phones and Bluetooth on our health
Art and Design
Art promotes SMSC, British values and tolerance in a variety of different ways. For example: exploring ideas, encouraging creative responses, analysing different cultural influences, and considering different styles and religious iconography within art and design.
Pupils and students are encouraged to work with mutual respect for each other. They may explore controversial issues but must always maintain tolerance for the beliefs and opinions of others. Lessons allow students to discuss a wide variety of artists, designers and makers including key historical and current British art movements. Students have also been involved in the design and creation of our Centre’s art mural in the sports hall.
Independent work is expected. Peer, self and teacher assessment supports and builds self-esteem and resilience through tasks, sharing ideas and resources, peer-assessment and encouraging students to support each other. Art lessons focus on artists from wide range of social, cultural and religious backgrounds, including openly LGBT+ artists and artwork that promotes inclusivity and acceptance. Furthermore, we have external providers attend the Centre to work with students on culturally unique art forms such as henna tattooing. | <urn:uuid:7297ce9c-7c45-4b6f-b915-3da849a8db74> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.summerfieldec.solihull.sch.uk/smsc-pshe/cross-curricular/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499541.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128090359-20230128120359-00091.warc.gz | en | 0.937136 | 2,993 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by difficulty in breathing as the air passage becomes temporarily inflamed and narrow. Pediatric asthma is as common as adult asthma. There are millions of children in United States suffering from this chronic ailment.
The symptoms of pediatric asthma can be mild or severe. Coughing, wheezing sound, rapid and difficulty in breathing are common symptoms of childhood asthma. It can be an episodic event and in some children symptoms occur daily.
Allergy to pollen, dust, frequent colds, cold temperature, increased moisture, air pollution, family history of asthma are some of the causative triggers for asthma attack in a child.Asthma is not curable, but the attacks and its symptoms can be controlled with medication and by taking preventive care.
What Causes Asthma In Babies?
The exact reason for pediatric asthma still remains unclear, but over sensitive immune system is considered to play a role in development of the condition. There are several factors involved in this disease. Hereditary trait, frequent respiratory tract infection and environmental conditions have substantial role in triggering an asthmatic attack.
In pediatric asthma the immune system of the child is too sensitive to certain triggers. The respiratory system reacts violently to these triggers causing inflammation and narrowing of air passage.The triggers in each child may vary. Following are some of the triggers:
- Family history of asthma or allergies.
- Frequent respiratory tract infections, especially viral infection.
- Allergy to pollen, dust, mites, animal dander, mold etc.
- History of suffering from pneumonia.
- History of hay fever.
- Changes in weather
- Premature baby
- Low birth weight
- Air pollution
Signs And Symptoms Of Pediatric Asthma
The symptoms of pediatric asthma can vary in severity. It can be mild to moderate or intense and serious. The episode of asthmatic attack can be sudden in onset or may be slow and insidious.
Below are important signs and symptoms of pediatric asthma:
- Cough more at night while sleeping.
- Whistling sound in chest while breathing.
- Short breaths.
- Chest and neck muscles are strained while breathing.
- Feeling of tightness in chest.
- Difficulty while talking.
- Gets exhausted after running or playing for a while.
- Cough and wheezing becomes worse with each episode of cold.
- Easily fatigued.
- Child has to lean forward or backward while breathing.
- Bluish discoloration of lips nails.
- Widens his nostrils while breathing.
- The child has to breathe hard for air and the abdomen is pulled inwards.
Treatment Guidelines For Pediatric Asthma
Pediatric asthma may prolong and extend to adulthood in some children; while in some children the condition gradually improves and the episodes of asthmatic attack reduce. With recent advance in patho-physiology of the disease, several medications are available to alleviate the symptoms and improve daily life of the child.
Certain medicines are used as inhalers while some medicines are given to the child in liquid form. Often these are bronchodilators which enable the child to breathe easily and allow the congestion to be removed.
As in many children the underlying trigger is allergy, parents should take care to keep the child away from allergic substances. He should stay away from pollution, chemical fumes, cigarette smoke, etc.
If there is a pet in the house, all carpets and curtains should be cleaned daily. Also change the pillow cover and mattress on which the child lies daily. As mites may be the triggering factor. | <urn:uuid:341248eb-e25a-4f5f-8cb7-d97bdcc41606> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.tandurust.com/childrenshealth/pediatric-asthma-symptoms-treatment.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499744.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129144110-20230129174110-00171.warc.gz | en | 0.927337 | 744 | 3.5625 | 4 |
What is Warehouse Logistics?
Warehouse logistics is an integral part of any supply chain. When products are not moving from one location to another, they are stored in warehouses. At any given time, there are numerous products in warehouses being stored, received, and shipped. One of the core ways of optimizing warehouse space is by understanding warehouse logistics.
Logistics vs. supply chain
These are similar terms, so let’s discuss how they are different. A supply chain refers to the entire process of converting raw material to a finished product and delivering it to the customer. Logistics is the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation, and it helps move tangible and intangible goods through the whole supply chain. An example of logistics would be using racks and bins to store the items in your warehouse. Racks are tall shelves very commonly used in warehouses, and bins are individual spaces within the racks. By allocating items to these racks and bins, you will save your floor space, and your warehouse staff will be able to locate a product based on bin or rack location.
Warehouse logistics refers to the physical flow of products during receiving and shipping as well as the data associated with this flow, such as fulfillment times or product information. A product being received at the warehouse has to be stored in the putaway bay and transferred to a storage location once one is allocated. When a sales order is received, the products have to be located within the warehouse and shipped to the consumer. This is the physical flow of goods.
Inflow of stock:
Outflow of stock:
Information flow is about analyzing product demand and determining how long it will take to fulfill a customer’s order. When both of these flows are synced and optimized, it helps a business run smoothly.
Before setting up your warehouse:
- Choose the right location to set up your warehouse by considering the transportation costs and areas of highest demand.
- Make sure that you have sufficient capital to set up the warehouse.
- Have an optimized floor plan to increase storage space, prevent accidents, and function effectively. For example, it’s a good idea to place the loading and unloading bay close to the road.
- Hire professionals to handle warehouse tasks.
- Select the right equipment and machinery for the warehouse.
After setting up your warehouse:
- Estimate and plan for daily operational costs.
- Analyze product trends and forecasts to be prepared for customer demand.
- Choose the right software to manage operations in your warehouse.
- Lay out a proper strategy for handling damaged products and returns from customers.
- Implement pest control measures to protect your products.
- Enforce a safety policy that will help prevent accidents, and be prepared if anything goes wrong.
Benefits of an efficient warehouse logistics plan
Here are some of the ways an effective and intuitive warehouse logistics strategy can help your business:
- Increased overall efficiency
- Better inventory management
- Accurate delivery times and reorder levels
- Lower operational costs
- Higher customer satisfaction
An ideal warehouse logistics plan will streamline your supply chain, resulting in lower costs for you as the business owner and lower prices and faster delivery times for the customer.
It is ethical to strive for delivering quality products at the cheapest price possible for your customers. Warehouse logistics is a key factor in this. Better logistics means a more efficient supply chain and lower costs for you and your customers.
Prepare a list of challenges that affect your warehouse operations and create a strategy to address them effectively. Choosing a WMS to monitor these activities and consolidate data in one place is one way of addressing your unique warehouse logistics issues.
Zoho Inventory is a cloud based inventory management software that can help a business with monitoring the physical flow of products automatically based on the transactions that are recorded within the system, that is when you record purchase transactions the stock increases and the sales transactions will reduce your stock. Apart from tracking the physical movement of stock you can also get insights from the inbuilt reports module, this allows you to track information and plan according to the data that you have on hand. | <urn:uuid:df26698b-30d4-473b-bfeb-392c9273c6f2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.zoho.com/us/inventory/what-is-warehouse-logistics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499744.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129144110-20230129174110-00171.warc.gz | en | 0.941781 | 843 | 2.8125 | 3 |
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The history, culture and politics of Connecticut's Native Americans. Mohegan Gladys Tantaquidgeon and the Tantaquidgeon Museum were a key to the resurgence of the Mohegan Tribe.
From the Colonial period to today, Connecticut has benefited from its location between the two major cities. How has our sense of place and of ourselves changed through the years?
Hartford's Revolver King Sam Colt and his wife Elizabeth were international media stars in the 19th century. Colt's state-of-the-art firearms won wars and created an industrial empire.
How the sea influences state history, culture, agriculture and commerce. Walter Cronkie narrates the story, which spans native fishing to today's tourism industry.
Seven U.S. Supreme Court cases involving Connecticut residents set precedents in reproductive rights, religious freedom, civil rights, affirmative action, the right of assembly, and more.
The story of Eastern Connecticut, from the Revolution to the casinos. The towns east of the Connecticut River share a geographical area but what do they have in common?
In Connecticut all roads lead to the suburbs, but it's taking longer to get there or anywhere else. How transportation policy impacts how we get around, the state economy, and its culture.
Four Rogers and five Sullivan brothers served together on the USS Juneau in WWII. All but one died with 700 shipmates in a U.S. naval disaster. The Navy hid the facts behind the loss for 52 years.
The legendary Mohegan sachem Uncas was a major player in 17th-Century America. He befriended the colonists, helped to vanquish tribal rivals, and saved his people.
The history and rebirth of the Mashantucket Pequot tribe. Former Chairman Skip Hayward brought the tribe back together, acquired federal recognition, and opened a very lucrative casino.
The Mashantucket Pequot's World Championship of Indian Song and Dance features Native dance, drumming, singing, craft, and food in the country's biggest powwow.
The life and times of Connecticut's most popular media personality ever. Bob Steele brightened the mornings of radio listeners for more than 65 years in an unparalleled career.
Our love for the suburbs is a defining part of life in the state. Connecticut is one of the most highly suburbanized states in the country. The suburbs are where we want to be, but at what price?
USS Nautilus was the first nuclear submarine. It proved that nuclear power could boost the power, durability and stealth of subs. It was also proof-of-concept for civilian nuclear energy.
Connecticut's farmers helped to build the state, give sustenance to millions, and provide residents with a special sense of place. The story of Connecticut agriculture, narrated by Sam Waterston.
bottom of page | <urn:uuid:20f36d68-41c4-441f-9931-62d00532c689> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.simonpure.com/as-broadcast | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499899.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201013650-20230201043650-00331.warc.gz | en | 0.948211 | 582 | 2.65625 | 3 |
A dog’s growling is one of the most frustrating behaviors a dog owner can experience. It not only disturbs your sleep but also gives you the sense that the dog is not comfortable. So what are the reasons why dogs growl?
Here’s The Sort Answer To Why Your Dog Growls At Night:
Growling is typically associated with fear, anxiety, or aggression. However, the dog’s behavior can also be influenced by pain and medication in addition to other causes.
Here are some of those reasons in detail:
1. Fear or Anxiety
Anxiety in dogs can come in many forms, such as separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, environmental anxiety, and social anxiety. All of these anxiety types can cause dogs to growl at night.
For instance, if your dog is alone and hears noises at night, they may growl because of their fear of the unknown. This type of growling will usually stop once the dog is able to understand that there is nothing to be fearful about. This is one example of environmental anxiety.
Another common form of anxiety in dogs that could cause them to growl at night is separation anxiety. When left alone for prolonged periods of time, dogs will begin to feel lonely and frightened. This can cause them to act out in many ways, including destroying your furniture or growling at night.
In addition to environmental anxiety and separation anxiety, there are other sources of anxiety that could lead your dog to growl at night.
Your dog can get anxious when there are other unfamiliar dogs or people in the house. For example, you might have a guest staying with you that your dog is not familiar with. As you go to sleep, your dog may feel the need to defend their territory or pack members from the stranger in the house.
The fourth type of anxiety in dogs is generalized anxiety. Some dogs can exhibit signs of anxiety even when there seems nothing to be worried about. Some vets believe that this type of anxiety might be caused by past trauma.
Others believe that this is a part of the dog’s temperament, and there is nothing you can do to treat it. Either way, generalized anxiety can cause your dog to growl at night.
2. Territorial Aggression
Territorial aggression or also known as protective aggression, is another reason why dogs growl at night. Because they have a greater sense of smell and sight at night time, they can perceive stimuli more intensely.
Even a slight breeze, floor creak, or the sound of the air conditioner can seem like an invading force to your dog. Even an animal passing by, such as a bat, squirrel, or another animal, can be perceived as a threat, and growling is their way to ward off the possible threat.
This protective instinct is more pronounced in some dogs than others. For example, dogs such as German shepherds or Labrador Retrievers are notably more territorial than other dogs due to their breed characteristics and how they are raised. This makes them prone to growling at night because of their protective nature.
However, any dog can become territorial, so this should be considered as a possibility.
3. Pain or Illness
There are several medical conditions that can cause your dog to become restless at night and lead them to growl. Here are some of the common ones:
As dogs get older, they are more likely to develop health problems. For example, arthritis, stiff joints, cognitive dysfunction, or other age-related diseases can make it difficult for them to move around at night and sleep comfortably.
This can lead to restlessness and discomfort, and your dog might begin to growl or whine at night from pain or anxiety about their condition.
As with humans, dogs can also suffer from sleep disorders that lead to restlessness and growling. For example, a disruption in your dog’s serotonin levels can result in disturbed sleep patterns and even reversing their sleep cycles, where your dog is active at night rather than during the day.
Dogs can experience vision loss in the later stages of their lives. This can be due to cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or other vision problems.
If your dog has recently developed this condition and you notice that they are growling at night more often than usual, it may have something to do with their condition.
Even mild or temporary hearing impairments can be enough for your dog to become scared of the surrounding sounds that they cannot hear. This will cause their restlessness and anxiety, which can lead to aggressive and destructive behavior.
Has your dog been recently prescribed a new medication? Sometimes drugs can have unintended side effects such as aggression, serotonin syndrome, or even nervous system changes.
If you see that your dog has been acting abnormally after being given a new medication accompanied by other symptoms such as agitation, aggression, and difficulty sleeping, don’t wait to contact your veterinarian.
5. Lack of Exercise
It has been well known that a lack of exercise can lead to a number of behavioral issues in dogs.
When your dog doesn’t have enough opportunities to go out and release their energy, it will start manifesting in other ways, such as restless behavior at night. This also means that your dog might get bored due to a lack of physical activity, and this can lead to growls and other unwanted behaviors.
Therefore, it is very important for you to provide your dog with proper exercise. Set aside time every day for them to be active. Even a simple 30 minutes walk around the neighborhood can do wonders for them.
6. Lifestyles Changes
Have you been recently moved to a new home? Has your work schedule changed, leaving you unable to spend as much time with your dog? Or have you recently changed your dog’s diet?
As dogs are not very good at adjusting to too many changes at once, they can quickly become anxious or confused. They do not mean to harm anyone, but they don’t know how else to express their discomfort with their new environment or routine.
The best thing to do is to act as if nothing has changed. Keep doing the usual routines that your dog is used to (such as their regular potty trips, mealtimes, and walks), and try to spend as much time with your dog as possible so that they can adjust better.
7. They Want Something
If your dog is still a puppy, this last reason is the most likely. Much like human babies, dog puppies can be very fussy at night, and they will do everything they can to get your attention, even if it means growling or crying.
To minimize this sort of behavior, the best thing you can do is make sure that all of their needs have been met before going to bed. This includes their basic needs such as food, water, exercise, and potty breaks.
If your puppy sleeps separately from you, make sure that their room is well lit, comfortable and that they have adequate bedding to keep them warm at night.
What To Do If Your Dog Growls At Night
If your dog is usually well-behaved but has recently started acting out of the ordinary, there is probably a reason for it.
If your dog starts growling at night more often than usual, try to figure out what might be causing them stress or discomfort. This way, you can avoid an aggressive outbreak caused by their worsening condition.
Here are some practical things you can do to stop your dog growling at night:
1. Give Your Dog Enough Exercise
If you notice that you are not giving your dog enough exercise this week, try to find time in your schedule to take them out for a long walk or an extended game of fetch. This will help them release some of their energy and ease the symptoms of anxiety and stress they may be experiencing.
2. Train Your Dog To Sleep Alone
If your dog is used to being in your bed when they were a puppy, and now you want them to sleep in a separate room, you may need to train them to sleep alone.
There are many techniques that can help with this problem. Here are some simple steps you can follow to help your dog get used to sleeping alone:
- Give your dog a treat, and then put them in their bed.
- Point to the bed, and say “good night.”
- Spend a few minutes petting your dog to show that they have your attention.
- Walk out of the room and gradually close the door behind you.
- If your dog starts barking or whining, stay calm and leave them. Don’t give them any attention or return to the room.
Repeat these five steps as many times as needed.
3. Make Their Room Comfortable
If your dog is a puppy or a senior, you should also make sure that their room is comfortable and safe. That means no exposed wires, no loose bedding, no cold wind coming through the window, and that the temperature is perfect.
Also, make sure to address the sudden change in your environment. For example, if there is a sudden loud noise from a construction site nearby, you may need to move their bed to a quieter spot.
4. Get Help From The Vet
If your dog’s restlessness is accompanied by other worrisome symptoms, such as poor appetite or excessive thirst, it is time to consult a professional. A veterinarian will do a much better job of identifying what is going on with your dog and can give you a number of helpful suggestions or prescribe medication.
5. Ask For The Help Of an Animal Behaviorist
If your dog has a timid or fearful personality, you may want to ask for the help of an animal behaviorist to resolve this situation. They will be able to teach you how to deal with fearful dogs and devise a plan to boost your dog’s confidence and help them adjust to their environment better.
1. Why Does My Dog Growl While Lying Down?
The most likely cause of this type of behavior is pain and discomfort. If your dog has a painful hip or bad knee, for example, they may be growling while lying down because it hurts to move.
2. Why Does My Dog Growl When I Put Them In Their Crate?
If your dog is growling while you put them in their crate, it may mean that they are scared of being left alone.
There are a few reasons why your dog may be growling at nothing. It could be out of fear, territorial aggression, or pain. | <urn:uuid:0d4e3d4a-90c7-44c4-a112-9f30013ae968> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://trainyourgsd.com/why-does-my-dog-growl-at-night/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499967.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202070522-20230202100522-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.969925 | 2,202 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Why do Mormons believe in food storage?
While the most extreme practitioners tend toward apocalyptics, the Church offers a more practical reason for food storage: to ensure that “should adversity come, we may care for ourselves and our neighbors, and support bishops as they care for others.”
Store foods that are a part of your normal diet in your three-month supply. As you develop a longer-term storage, focus on food staples such as wheat, rice, pasta, oats, beans, and potatoes that can last 30 years or more.
Official doctrines of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints do not forbid any foods; according to current teachings, only coffee, tea and alcohol are explicitly prohibited. Many younger cooks use wine in cooking (in the belief that the alcohol is cooked off) and wine vinegar in salad dressings.
LDS Church Members
As we already mentioned, the LDS Church requires that its members have at least a 3 month supply of food storage in their household at all times. Most members have families of at least 4 people, which means that you can expect there to be hundreds of pounds of food stored in each household.
The Word of Wisdom is a section of the Doctrine and Covenants, one of the church's four volumes of scripture. Mormons believe God revealed in 1833 the foods and substances that are good and bad for people to consume. Liquor, tobacco, tea and coffee were prohibited.
According to the Washington Post, Mormons tend to live longer, with a life expectancy of more than 86 years for women and 84 years for men in one long-term study — compared to life expectancies in the early 80s for women and mid-70s for men who were not Mormons. Want to live like the Latter-day Saints?
I hear a lot of weird misconceptions among LDS women and wearing their garments. Some of these include you can only wear white bras and you can only wear your garments against your skin and bra over. Well, I'm here to tell you both of those are ABSOLUTELY FALSE.
"Food should be treated as sacred. Throwing away food, particularly bread, is a sin. People have traditionally believed so.
Mormons store food for emergencies. Mormon beliefs include storing enough food, water, money, and other supplies to be used in emergencies. Many people misunderstand this belief, considering it hoarding or a last-days scenario.
This rumor persists because of the widely held belief that Mormons cannot drink caffeine and caffeinated sodas. What is this? While it's true that Mormons are encouraged to avoid caffeine, it is not church doctrine to not drink caffeinated beverages the way that Mormons have to avoid tobacco and alcohol.
Is Coca Cola owned by Mormon Church?
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints DOES NOT own the Coca-Cola Company nor do they own Pepsi which is another variant of this rumor.
Yes, Mormons eat french fries and bonbons.) From the beginning, we're immersed in a somewhat insulated, Christianese-y, lemonade-drinking, 1980s LDS world.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints does not own any grocery stores. The only stores owned by the Church are Deseret Book (a religious book store) and Deseret Industries (a non-profit thrift store). The Albertson's stores are owned by SuperValu Inc. SuperValu is owned by individual shareholders.
A characteristic commonly attributed to Latter-day Saints is that they take care of their own.
Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints practice the Biblical principle of tithing by donating 10 percent of their income to the Church. Tithing has been known since Old Testament times.
Passages from scriptures connected with the Latter Day Saint movement (Mormons) explain that the "law of circumcision is done away" by Christ and thus unnecessary from a religious standpoint.
Tattoos Are Strongly Discouraged in the LDS Faith
Body art can be a way to express yourself and your personality. It can even be a way to express your faith. Other faiths may allow tattooing or take no official position. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints LDS/Mormon strongly discourages tattoos.
In keeping with the Mormon belief that heaven is full of millions of spirits awaiting an earthly body, birth control and abortion are also forbidden.
About 14 percent of the Latter-day Saint men and 19 percent of the women have experienced divorce. Within each group, frequent church attenders are less likely to have been divorced. Among Latter-day Saints, marriage in the temple has a significant effect on the divorce rate, Brother Heaton and Sister Goodman reported.
Outside the church, the average marriage age in the U.S. is 29 for men and 27 for women. According to the Next Mormons Survey (NMS), a study used in a new book “The Next Mormons: How Millennials are Shaping the LDS Church” by Jana Riess, the median marriage age for Mormons is 22.
At what age are Mormons endowed?
Members of the Church who are at least 18 years old (and no longer attend high school or secondary school) may receive their temple endowment if they are faithful and ready. Because temple ordinances and covenants are sacred and have eternal importance, members must be worthy and prepared.
Instead of remaining in the field of simple expressions of affection, some have turned themselves loose to fondling, often called 'necking,' with its intimate contacts and its passionate kissing. Necking is the younger member of this unholy family. Its bigger sister is called 'petting.
The church did not — and does not — have any rule about clothing at church, but the cultural expectations of dresses and skirts on women have been strong and fairly uniform. The 2012 pants promotion was intended as the first act of All Enlisted, a group dedicated to increasing gender equity in the church.
Skirts and dresses must cover their entire knee when sitting or standing. No mesh, fishnet or lace tights. And if they wear leggings, the bottoms can't be visible. Wear boots or colored nylons that match with flat shoes.
The first is found in Proverbs 11:26. It reads: “People curse the one who hoards grain, but they pray God's blessing on the one who is willing to sell.” | <urn:uuid:06c7cefb-6e95-43b8-b234-c4146163d16c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://keystrokesystems.com/articles/why-do-mormons-store-7-years-of-food | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500056.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203122526-20230203152526-00491.warc.gz | en | 0.961641 | 1,319 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The human population doesn’t seem to be plateauing or shrinking anytime soon. We’re at about 7 billion humans currently, and we’re expected to get to 9.6 billion by 2050
. What that means is more mouths to feed, and less space to do it in. Some estimates state that we could need 60 percent more food
than we need today by 2050.
Enter urban greenhouse farming. It makes the most of local, sustainable food sources and uses less space than a traditional farm would. The nature of the greenhouse, which protects crops from the elements and magnifies sunlight, means crops can also be produced year round. It might just be the answer to our growing population.
Barge farms: food production of the future
Folks have big plans for the greenhouse. Quartz reported on the Jellyfish Barge
. Made of wood, containing a plastic dome and floating on a base of recycled drums, it also desalinates seawater to irrigate and grow plants. Solar panels outside of the dome heat water and cause it to evaporate. The barge then collects the evaporated, clean water. The water is recycled repeatedly in a hydroponic system, and the plants are grown in a bed of clay that’s enriched by mineral nutrients.
“The water the barge produces is distilled, like the one we all use for ironing,” Cristiana Favretto, co-founder of the group who came up with the concept, explained to Quartz. The group is called Studiomobile and worked with Professor Stefano Mancuso, a botanist from the University of Florence, to develop the concept.
“So initially we were adding solutions of mineral nutrients,” added Favretto. “After several tests, Mancuso understood that we could replace them with seawater. In fact, if we add up to 15 percent of seawater, we can obtain a larger water mass and increase the crops’ nutritional value, without altering their flavor.”
The barge’s estimated monthly output is astonishing: 1,200 plants, which includes practically anything you could want like strawberries, tomatoes, spinach and mint. Corn and tubers would be grown on the outdoor section of the barge.
Considering dire warnings that rising sea levels could eat up current land, coastal areas could benefit most from the barge farm. Land that was once residential areas, later consumed by ocean, could then be turned into productive farm space.
But that’s not all that’s on the horizon for urban greenhouses.
Local greenhouse farming with Bright Farms
Another system to keep an eye on is Bright Farms
, which seeks to increase local greenhouse farming. The company builds and operates greenhouse farms. It primarily sees itself as a better supply chain model.
According to the company website, “Our state-of-the-art greenhouse farms allow us to grow millions of thousands of pounds of the freshest, most flavorful local produce year-round. Each farm is designed to conserve land, water, eliminate agricultural runoff and reduce greenhouse gas emission from transportation. Plus, each farm creates green-collar jobs for local farmers and keeps more dollars in the community.”
Bright Farms works by setting up partnerships with local grocers to get their fresh produce into the hands of local residents. These partnerships fund greenhouse building. The Guardian
wrote, “Essentially, BrightFarms first secures a supermarket partner and enters into a long-term contract, which it calls a produce purchase agreement (PPA), which commits the retailer to buy produce from the greenhouse.”
The company has current locations in Elkwood, Virginia; Kansas City, Missouri; and Bucks Country, Pennsylvania. Plans are in the works to come to Rochelle, Illinois.
Lufa Farms takes to the roof
You can’t get more urban than the operations of Lufa Farms
. The company turned a 32,000-square-foot office rooftop in Montreal into a fully functional greenhouse farm. It started selling produce in early 2011. It grows cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes and other produce year-round.
Imagine all that wasted rooftop space in major cities being turned into production space for healthy, local and organic produce. No more desperate scrounging for local, fresh and high quality produce in the middle of December.
In 2013, Lufa Farms opened Laval, a large-scale rooftop greenhouse. It was built in partnership with Montoni Group and KUBO. Lufa Farm’s website states Laval successfully produces 120 metric tons of produce annually.
Other companies to watch
While Lufa Farms and Bright Farms are by far the most prominent in the media, there are some other companies out there doing amazing things for urban gardening:
: This company operates urban greenhouses
to produce pesticide-free produce year-round in three locations in New York City and one location in Chicago.
: Focuses on vertical farming technology
, which minimizes space needed to produce year-round indoor crops.
: This company has the world’s largest rooftop farm
. It has two buildings in New York City, with farms that make up 2.5 acres and produce more than 50,000 pounds of organic produce each year. It also has an apiary with 30 natural honey beehives.
Impressed by what urban gardening can accomplish? Get involved!
Create your own urban garden
Are you in one of the areas where urban gardening hasn’t quite taken off yet? You can also make your own greenhouse and reap the benefits of year-round fresh produce.
You can start by finding a local gardening group to help you get started through meetup.com, or your local agricultural college may have some resources. These sources may also help you brainstorm ways to get large-scale urban greenhouse gardening into your area. You might also try contacting some of the well-known greenhouse companies to try to get them to expand into your area.
To build your individual or community greenhouse, there is a good resource here
. If you’d like to see inside an urban food farm first hand, there’s a good video here | <urn:uuid:45aef22d-1a02-4a9f-a008-760473a2eb09> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://recyclenation.com/2015/11/spotlight-urban-greenhouse-farming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500151.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204173912-20230204203912-00571.warc.gz | en | 0.941926 | 1,299 | 3.5625 | 4 |
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]چکیده [English]
The author in this article has chosen all Imam Ali’s (A.S) speeches in Nahj-Albalagheh which are specifically about Arabs situation in the ignorance era. The author analyzed these speeches according to other sources and their interpretation.
Several historical views have been presented about pre-Islamic Arabs and the historians expressed them more or less. Since Imam Ali (A.S) lived in that society before Islam, he had reported the conditions of the time of Jahiliyya precisely. In this writing, circumstances of pre-Islamic era of ignorance will be examined according to Nah-Al-Balaghe. First the meaning of Jahiliyya and cultural and religious circumstances of that time are explained. Socio-economical conditions and signs of Jahiliyya after beginning of prophetic mission is also taken into consideration. | <urn:uuid:cb158e9a-aa6f-4a6a-8b76-768e88fd3b9b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://jostar-elmi.maalem.ir/article_64428.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00651.warc.gz | en | 0.900368 | 266 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Artificial intelligence has been argued that plants should also be classified as intelligent based on their ability to sense and model external and internal environments and adjust their morphology, physiology and phenotype accordingly to ensure self-preservation and reproduction. Among the traits that researchers hope machines will exhibit are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and the ability to move and to manipulate objects.
Intelligence is a force, F, that acts so as to maximize future freedom of action. It acts to maximize future freedom of action, or keep options open, with some strength T, with the diversity of possible accessible futures, S, up to some future time horizon. In short, intelligence does not like to get trapped.
Wolfgang Kohler Research Findings
Human intelligence is the intellectual power of humans, which is marked by complex cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness. Intelligence enables humans to remember descriptions of things and use those descriptions in future behaviors. It is a cognitive process. It gives humans the cognitive abilities to learn, form concepts, understand, and reason, including the capacities to recognize patterns, innovate, plan, solve problems, and employ language to communicate. Intelligence enables humans to experience and think.
On the intelligence of apes is an example of research in this area. Stanley Coren book, The Intelligence of Dogs is a notable book on the topic of dog intelligence. Non-human animals particularly noted and studied for their intelligence include chimpanzees, bonobos notably the language using Kanzi and other great apes, dolphins, elephants and to some extent parrots, rats and ravens.
Cephalopod intelligence also provides important comparative study. Cephalopods appear to exhibit characteristics of significant intelligence, yet their nervous systems differ radically from those of backboned animals. Vertebrates such as mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have shown a fairly high degree of intellect that varies according to each species. The same is true with arthropods.
It has been observed in non-human animals. The general factor of intelligence, or g factor, is a psychometric construct that summarizes the correlations observed between an individual scores on a wide range of cognitive abilities. First described in humans, the g factor has since been identified in a number of non-human species.
Cognitive ability and intelligence cannot be measured using the same, largely verbally dependent, scales developed for humans. Instead, intelligence is measured using a variety of interactive and observational tools focusing on innovation, habit reversal, social learning, and responses to novelty. Studies have shown that g is responsible for 47% of the individual variance in cognitive ability measures in primates.
Luxe Sportswear 2021
Upstream selling design thinking innovation is hot right now, reach out, or blue sky thinking, and scope creep nor time to open the kimono. | <urn:uuid:365f3936-7581-4c38-900c-1cbb8b1271ae> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://valentitheme.com/classic/luxe-sportswear-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00651.warc.gz | en | 0.937491 | 575 | 3.421875 | 3 |
The Black Doll, White Doll test was used in the Brown vs. Board of Ed case to contest desegregation. A 17-year-old high school student made a documentary, A Girl Like Me, revisiting this test today to see how much things have changed. Not much. The clip is great to show in class for discussions about race and identity. It’s useful for talking about how communication influences perception and the self.
The Black Doll, White Doll test asks black children to choose between a white doll and a black doll, asking questions such as “which doll is the prettiest” (they pick the white doll), “which doll is the nicest” (they pick the white doll), and “which doll is the most like you” (they flounder and then pick the black doll). Watching black children struggle with those questions is very difficult.
Showing the video in a racially mixed class is risky, and always provokes interesting and complicated responses from the students. Often the classes can be unpredictable, depending on their chemistry, and the unique way that individual reactions coalesce into something different in each class section in any given semester. It’s a fluid, organic thing. Sometimes students completely shut down and opening discussion is nearly impossible. Sometimes students are shocked and they express it openly. Sometimes students get angry for a variety of reasons. Sometimes students engage in open and frank discussion.
Another curious dynamic is how some students (though not all), white and of color, refer to the internalized racism that the children express as if it were in the past, and that “the generation of today” is over it. They seem to miss that the documentary is only a couple of years old.
When the class discussion about the video goes poorly – and, boy, have I blown the discussion – the semester can unravel, and it takes a while for the class dynamic to recover. When it goes well, the semester proves to be wonderful, because the space opens up for people to share their opinions on many other topics. The risk has been taken, the students survived, and grew.
Fortunately tonight’s conversation went well. People were open and shared their opinions. That’s always encouraging. The semester will be great. | <urn:uuid:412fa705-525e-4a20-b279-af4becd1ca39> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://voxygen.net/2010/08/black-doll-white-doll/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00651.warc.gz | en | 0.958082 | 468 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Sound Engineering Technician
Sound Engineering Technician
Education and Training: High school plus training
Salary: Median—$38,110 per year
Employment Outlook: Good
Definition and Nature of the Work
Creating sound for radio, television, stage productions, and motion pictures is a relatively new craft. The radio became widely used in the early twentieth century, while television did not come into popular use until the 1940s. Movies began "talking" in the late 1920s; before that, narration and dialogue were written out as subtitles for the audience to read. The only sound in a silent movie theater came from a piano player, who followed the action of the film with sad, happy, scary, or otherwise appropriate music. The use of sound in broadcasting and motion pictures created a demand for sound engineering technicians.
Sound engineering technicians work at recording studios, concert venues, sports arenas, theater halls, and movie and video studios. For a major feature film, many sound technicians are needed to make the final soundtrack of the movie. These technicians work indoors in a studio set or outdoors on location. A boom operator works the boom, which is a large overhead microphone. The boom is moved all over the set, following the actors and the action. It must be positioned out of camera range. In addition, actors may wear individual microphones to pick up their dialogue. These microphones are also hidden from the camera.
A sound mixer—the person responsible for volume control and overall sound quality—is needed when more than one microphone is used on the set. Volume control can be quite tricky: loud noises must be loud but not blaring to an audience, and an actor's whisper must be soft yet loud enough to be understood by listeners. A sound mixer picks up and blends sound from live action on the set.
Once the sound is recorded on a single track, the track goes to a professional sound studio. There the re-recording mixer completes the soundtrack by adding and blending in other tracks such as background music, additional dialogue, and sound effects. The mixture of the many tracks results in one complete soundtrack, which must match the visual portion of the film perfectly.
Sound engineering technicians who work for radio and television stations are responsible for the quality of sound not only as it is recorded but also as it is transmitted. Most television programs are taped or filmed before they are aired. A few programs, such as news shows, are broadcast live. Live broadcasts are sometimes aired and recorded at the same time. Sound technicians working on theatrical productions, concerts, and sporting events have only one chance to synchronize sound correctly because they are working in front of a live audience.
Advances in digital recording, editing, and broadcasting has profoundly affected this field. Sound engineering technicians can now use digital technology to perform their work more quickly and efficiently, eliminating the need for some specialized equipment as well as videotapes and audiotapes. Aspiring sound technicians must be prepared to keep up with new technological advances.
Education and Training Requirements
Students interested in becoming sound engineering technicians should take courses in electronics, television production, computers, and shop. Vocational training is also helpful. Many professional schools, colleges, and universities offer courses in sound recording. Colleges also offer courses in motion picture and television production. However, hands-on experience is vital. On-the-job training is really the only way to become part of a sound crew. Technicians must be licensed if they are going to operate broadcast transmitters or microwave or other internal radio communications equipment.
Getting the Job
Most of the sound engineering technicians working at television and radio stations in big cities and large film centers such as New York and Los Angeles are union members. Only union members can work on union productions. Interested individuals should check with these unions for more information on union membership and job openings. It is also possible to find work in nonunion productions through local film production companies. Beginners with little experience usually start out as interns at small radio or television stations.
Advancement Possibilities and Employment Outlook
Because most sound engineering technicians are freelancers and work on a job-to-job basis, they try to work on as many different kinds of films as they can. Sound technicians in broadcasting work steadily. They may work their way up at small stations or go on to jobs at large stations that have wide audiences.
According to the Occupation Information Network, sound engineering positions are expected to grow at a faster than average rate. Technicians with varied experience are more likely to land the best and most challenging jobs.
Travel is a necessary part of a sound engineering technician's life, especially those involved in motion picture production. Movies are being made with new light, portable equipment that allows a production crew to film and record sound anywhere. Audiences and producers want realism, so sound technicians may find themselves recording on the top of a mountain or in the middle of a subway. Most productions schedule both studio and location work, so a sound engineering technician must be prepared to work anywhere.
Like many other freelance workers who do film, stage, and recording work, sound engineering technicians must find another job once a production wraps up. Sometimes many job offers come up at the same time, but a technician may go for months without work. This uncertainty is part of the business.
Unlike freelancers, sound technicians on radio and television stations work steadily. They receive overtime pay when they put in more than forty hours of work per week. Radio work tends to be more routine than television work.
Where to Go for More Information
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States, Its Territories and Canada
1430 Broadway, 20th Fl.
New York, NY 10018
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
900 Seventh St. NW
Washington, DC 20001
National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians
501 Third St. NW, Ste. 880
Washington, DC 20001-2797
Earnings and Benefits
Salaries for sound technicians vary widely depending on the medium in which they work, the location of their work, and their degree of experience. In its May 2004 report, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics quoted the median annual salary for sound engineering technicians at $38,110. Highly experienced technicians can earn up to $80,450 per year. In most cases, nonunion workers make less than union personnel. | <urn:uuid:261bf948-5bea-4066-ab65-eaea330cb3b5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.encyclopedia.com/economics/news-and-education-magazines/sound-engineering-technician | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00651.warc.gz | en | 0.952558 | 1,369 | 3.28125 | 3 |
The liver is an important body organ and power house of the body. It filters and processes your food. It filters your blood and passes it to the rest of the body part. The primary function of the liver is blood detoxification and purification, Bile production, Enzyme activation, Metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. We will discuss about foods that cleanses your liver naturally
To maintain a healthy liver you should maintain a healthy body weight.
- Eat a balanced and proper diet.
- Exercise regularly.
- Avoid any toxins and alcohol. Due to heavy consumption of alcohol and drugs, the liver gets polluted or becomes weak.
- Liver also gets affected by your daily food habits like too much taking of processed food and large quantities of fried food ,which can harm your liver in the long run.
- So, the liver requires a proper amount of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to improve its functions. The role of the liver is to store vitamins and iron. It helps to convert stored sugar to usable sugar. It destroys old red blood cells and produces bile to digest fats. That’s why liver health determines overall health of the body.
List of foods which may help you best to clean your liver naturally:
- GREEN TEA
- It helps the body to produce glutathione naturally and cleanses your artery.
- This superfood can be used in many healthy recipes.
- This is rich in anti-inflammatory properties which helps to reduce arthritis pain.
- It improves your digestion.
- This superfood is good for your eyes.
- This is also good for your heart.
- It also helps to boost fertility.
- Avocado plays an important role in women’s health. It helps in estrogen production and reproductive hormonal balance.
- Nutrients like folic acid, potassium, fiber and other minerals make it super food for good health.
Turmeric or golden spice is also called as Indian saffron. This super spice is used in many ways like powder, capsules, dyes, extracts. This is widely used in Ayurveda medicines. Curcumine is the active ingredient in turmeric.
- It’s inflammatory properties help to remove bad toxins from your body and repair liver cells.
- It helps the liver to detox metal while boosting in bile production.
- Scientists believe that curcumin may also be able to prevent liver diseases.
Spinach is full of iron, magnesium, manganese, and other vitamins like vitamin, vitamin and vitamin K which will protect you from liver and diseases.This leafy green veggie is good for your eyesight. It can be eaten raw or cooked. The origin of spinach in modern cuisine comes from Spain.
- Cabbage is full of vitamin C and sulphur which help you to remove bad toxins from your body.
- Green cabbages are helpful for clear skin and to remove wastes from the body.
- Sulphur content helps to heal acne and eczema.
- Red cabbages are a source of phytonutrients which is also called betalain. Betalain helps to lower blood sugar level.
- This is full of antioxidants.
- Walnuts are high in omega-3 fatty acids and glutathione which helps in liver cleansing.
- It helps the liver in detoxifying metal.
- It improves liver enzymes.
- Ans it is the most trusted source of reducing fatty liver diseases and also helps in reducing body weight.
- Eating a handful of walnuts will help to maintain overall good health.
Apple has anti-inflammatory properties that protect your fatty liver from harmful diseases. It has pectin and acidic content that helps to remove bad toxins from the digestive tract. Apple contains a huge amount of good fiber which is beneficial for the liver.
Green tea contains catchiness which is a plant based anti-oxidant to detoxify your liver. It improves your liver function, contains healthy bio-active compounds. Also, it helps to prevent type2 diabetes. It may help to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Beetroot contains vitamin and fiber which helps to boost enzyme activity and increase oxygen in blood. Beetroots are a great source of fiber, iron, potassium and many essential nutrients. It helps n lower blood pressure.
Coffee plays an important role against fatty liver diseases. It helps the liver to protect from liver cancer. Research says that drinking two to three cups of coffee in a day is beneficial for liver disease. A group of Italian researchers found that five to six cup of coffee can provide protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Drinking black coffee is also helpful for diabetic and heart disease.
- Garlic is a staple in many diets.
- It helps to activate enzymes that can flush out bad toxins from the body.
- Also, It contains selenium which has micronutrients that helps to boost natural antioxidant enzymes in your liver.
- It provides you many health benefits in fatty liver disease.
So, in short Take care your liver
We simply can’t live without liver. Hope these foods to clean your liver naturally would help you to maintain a healthy liver. So, this is very important to fuel it right and keep it healthy. That’s why food plays an important role to keep our liver healthy or unhealthy. The best way to maintain a healthy liver is to maintain a healthy body weight. | <urn:uuid:58d4b3a3-6274-45ec-8018-879432dab35a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.theayurveda.org/health-tips/cleanse-your-liver-naturally | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00651.warc.gz | en | 0.914324 | 1,234 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Organic Waste Processing
Food to Feed
Close the circle in the food chain
If food waste was a country, it would be the world's 3rd largest emitter of CO2. And anywhere from 30-50% of the 4bn tonnes of food produced goes to waste from farm to table (with up to half of that at the consumer side). This is estimated to cost $2.6-4tr. Further, decomposing food in landfills releases greenhouse gases (methane) that are 25 times more damaging to the environment compared to CO2.
As an alternative to dumping waste into landfills or to composting (which is useful but is time consuming and provides a lower economic value product), we are converting household, commercial, and industrial food waste into value-added products - animal feed, fertilizer and nutrient rich liquids.
Significant amounts of organic food waste are generated by households: supermarkets; hotels; restaurants; fruit and vegetable processing facilities; fish/dairy/chicken farms; etc. In fact, up to half of the food produced is never eaten and ends up as waste.
In our solution, waste food goes through a closed loop process, converting it into animal feed pellets (customized in terms of nutritional content based on the required mineral content of each animal over their life cycle). As a byproduct, we also produce a nutrient-rich liquid which can also be used to aid plant growth.
In a separate process, we combine a portion of the organic food waste with solid manure and convert this waste stream into organic fertilizer.
Surplus manure is also fed into digesters to produce natural gas. And rather than convert this into electricity (where only a 25-35% of the natural gas' calorific energy content gets converted into electricity), we feed the gas stream into absorption chillers (which can convert 60-80%+ of its calorific value into usable energy) to make chilled water and glycol for use in refrigeration and cooling of the food produced in those facilities, as well as hot water for cleaning and disinfection of the facilities.
More information coming soon. | <urn:uuid:4839033a-0972-45ca-bf0e-793e11bd94e0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.eco-structures.net/organic-waste | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500384.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207035749-20230207065749-00731.warc.gz | en | 0.940575 | 436 | 3.0625 | 3 |
A cross-sectional time-series analysis found that disparities in life expectancy compared to White Americans have increased for Black and Hispanic Americans. The authors report that life expectancy remains lowest for Black Americans in almost every state. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Researchers from the University of Washington studied death records and Census data to estimate life expectancy for selected race/ethnicity groups in states from 1990 to 2019. The researchers analyzed life expectancy data for the 3 largest race/ethnicity groups by state: Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White Americans. They found that although mean life expectancy in the United States increased from 1990 to 2010, it has remained flat since 2010. The data showed significant differences across race/ethnicity subgroups between and within states when life expectancy was examined by race/ethnicity groups rather than the average for an entire state. Although disparities across states as a whole decreased within each of the race/ethnicity groups studied, disparities across states increased over the past 3 decades. Over the same period, the racial/ethnic disparities in life expectancy decreased for most of the 23 states studied but increased for females in 7 states and males in 5 states. Life expectancy improved but remains lowest for non-Hispanic Black people for almost every state.
An accompanying editorial, authors from Washington University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill suggests that the results of this study highlight how stark differences in social and physical environments can drive health, well-being, and risk for death. The authors add that the recommendations made by the White House Equitable Data Working Group and the policy statement on racism from the American College of Physicians are important steps towards increasing access to and availability of the data necessary for measuring equity and inequity across and within all demographic groups. The authors call for future research to unpack the complex web of factors driving health and well-being by enabling better understanding of the places where they see persistent health disadvantage and advantage and the state-based explanations for these increasingly important differences determining population risk and resilience. | <urn:uuid:a0e0e445-f890-4aa7-9310-87113c85da19> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://fccdp.net/2022/07/10/analysis-shows-that-life-expectancy-varies-widely-by-race-ethnicity-group-and-by-state/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494974.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127065356-20230127095356-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.938646 | 409 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Army tank in JNU: Should the sword be mightier than the pen?
How do tanks, large flags, chest thumping marches, discipline-for-itself and martyr walls help inspire nationalism and patriotism?
Once again, there is an emphatic call for a major shift in India’s much beleaguered higher education strategy. But this time, it is not emanating from the office of the human resource development (HRD) ministry. Rather, the demand follows from a chest thumping and energetic flag waving ‘Tiranga March’ that was recently held at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU).
The vice-chancellor, probably overwhelmed by the occasion, asked the minister of state for petroleum and natural gas and the minister of state for external affairs to help the university procure an Army tank for the campus. Clearly, for the current JNU administration, it appears, that to instil nationalism one must reverse the long-held maxim that the ‘pen is mightier than the sword’. A few days earlier, in fact, the prime minister’s office in a similar mood advised the HRD ministry to draw upon elements from existing military schools (Sainik Schools) to ‘promote discipline, physical fitness and a patriotic outlook’.
But how do tanks, large flags, chest thumping marches, discipline-for-itself and martyr walls help inspire nationalism and patriotism? This becomes a particularly good question, if not a surprising one, because, historically speaking, ideas of nationalism and patriotism have never emerged from military cantonments, the soldier’s barracks or from a general’s writings. If anything, nation-making and national identities have been crafted by politicians, bureaucrats, lawyers, thinkers, philosophers, historians and last but not least by poets.
The Indian national movement, we know, was driven by the intellectual robustness of the Indian civilian. It was led by ordinary peasants, workers and middle class professionals like lawyers and teachers. This undisciplined lot went on to brave bullets, were jailed, lathi-charged and suffered untold humiliations at the hands of the colonial rulers. In other words, nationalism and patriotism in India was constructed as a noisy affair involving disagreements, struggles for justice and moral courage by common and ordinary folk.
On the other hand, take the case of the now less remembered Royal Indian Navy mutiny (also called the Bombay mutiny) of February 18, 1946. Over 10,000 Indian sailors across 66 ships openly revolted against their British officers. While the Indian Communist Party welcomed the strike of the sailors, both the Congress and the Muslim League remained unconvinced. Their argument was that a rebellious navy could end up compromising the ability of the national movement’s leadership from achieving a negotiated and constitutional form of freedom. Put differently, the armed forces belonged in the barracks and not on the streets. Even members of the Indian National Army under Subhas Chandra Bose (incidentally a bureaucrat by training) acquired much of their legitimacy and standing in the freedom movement from the celebrated INA trials, which saw their defence carried out by legal stalwarts like Tej Bahadur Sapru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai and Asaf Ali.
In other words, the Indian civilian through non-violence, ideas about justice, the ability to debate and through alternative historical imaginations brought down and ended one of the world’s most powerful modern empires: the British Raj. Any Army tank will compare poorly with this magnificent and inspiring history of resistance and opposition of the mostly un-armed, the poor and the disempowered.
While the JNU vice-chancellor has undoubtedly demeaned his office, what should remain unpardonable is the disdain he has shown for the rich political and intellectual contributions of the ordinary unarmed Indian. A tank or frenetic flag waving does not produce or inspire nationalism. Instead it requires careful intellectual work and the force of moral courage to fight for the truth to win. This is the lesson the entire world has learnt from the words, writings and deeds of Gandhi, Nehru, Ambedkar and Tagore. It is important to consider the contributions of these towering ‘civilians’ with the same respect as the sacrifice and suffering of the masses of ordinary and powerless men and women.
Independent India will gain much more by ranking the pen over the sword. Perhaps, it would be better to ask the honourable ministers for more water tanks within the campus rather than a retired army battle tank, which will only rust with time.
Rohan D’Souza is associate professor, Kyoto University
The views expressed are personal | <urn:uuid:a4cbbd1f-4a37-4eef-8429-3f758a14874f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/army-tank-in-jnu-should-the-sword-be-mightier-than-the-pen/story-Aegre650bne13Ni4KmlM4I.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494974.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127065356-20230127095356-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.946562 | 966 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Lactating cows prefer temperatures below about 20-21°C. To cope with warm weather, they use a variety of strategies to maintain normal body temperature, including standing in shade, drinking more water and spending more time around water (especially if there is no shade), increasing their sweating and breathing rate, and reducing feed intake. When this is insufficient to keep their body temperature below 39.3°C, they exhibit symptoms of clinical heat stress, such as panting and drooling, and their welfare, health, and milk production can be severely affected.
Cows with high production, Friesian genetics or dark coats are more susceptible to heat stress – lower-producing cows and Jerseys may be comfortable until about 25°C. High air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and low air movement increase the risk.
A distinct decline in milk yield means that the cows have not been able to stay cool; this may not be observed until two days after the hot weather. Night-time cooling can help reduce the negative effects of heat load on production, but it does not reduce the welfare impact on the cows during the day.
In the summer of 2021 the Waikato experienced more than 105 days when humidity and temperature created conditions that were too hot for cows. There are, on average, 6-8 hours a day in summer that are hot enough to impact milk production, and another 4-5 hours a day which are too warm for cow comfort. The estimated impact on milk production is 6 kg MS per cow over summer, or $12,000 for a 300-cow herd at $6.80/kg MS.
When thinking about how to reduce the impact of heat, there are three categories to consider:
1. Reduce the heat from the sun, e.g. provide shade and also cooling reflective surfaces such as yards and cowshed roofs.
2. Reduce the internal heat load – that’s a whole lot of smaller things, like making sure they have plenty of water, allowing extra space on the yard, shifting ‘hot’ feed to cooler hours of the day, and limiting walking during the heat.
3. Finally, remove the heat. Options here are sprinklers, misters and fans, that pull the heat off the cow through evaporation.
Ideally, farms should be set up so that cows can access shade and water whenever they want it. But that is easier said than done. Over the next ten years, we will be expected to have comprehensive mitigation plans and probably a lot more shade available. But, as a starting point for the next 1-2 years, we will be expected to know how many hours our cows might be too hot and make the most of the resources and management options already available to us.
Check out DairyNZ podcast episode 17 Heat stress strategies with Owl Farm – where we share some of our experiences.
In 2022 we planted 88 shade trees across the farm as part of our journey to offer more shade in future years. A planting map can be found below..
Strategies at Owl Farm
Check and manage water flow and quality
Lactating cows can drink more than 100 litres/cow/day and will drink between two to six times per day. Most cows drink soon after being milked, which is why we often see troughs running low or dry straight after milking. If cows cannot drink when they want to, their daily water intake will be reduced, even if they could have drunk it all later. Water intake is directly related to milk production, partly because water intake regulates feed intake. Ensure flow rates to troughs are fast enough that the troughs never run dry. Work on 14 litres/hour/cow the trough needs to serve. Herds larger than 400 cows need two troughs in the paddock, but any herd will benefit from extra troughs.
Install extra water troughs in the races
Rule of thumb: if troughs cause cow flow issues in the paddock or in the race, too many cows are thirsty, and more troughs are required. Install troughs where cows are already spaced out, rather than where they already congregate.
Use sprinklers on the yard
Cows cannot sweat much so they have limited capacity for evaporative cooling off their skin. Spraying them with water works like artificial sweat – the water droplets absorb heat from the cow’s skin, then either evaporate or run off, taking the heat with them. To be efficient, the droplets need to be big enough to wet the cow to her skin. Fans or wind can be used to shift the humid air away on humid days when evaporation is slower. Higher flow rates may also be used provided the water drips off the sides of the cow rather than running onto the udder.
In New Zealand studies, cooling with sprinklers for 10-90 minutes before afternoon milking reduced respiration rate by 60% and reduced body temperature for at least four hours after milking. Because sprinklers are so effective at cooling, cows don’t need them for long periods when the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is lower than 69, which is typically about 24°C. Cows that were under sprinklers for 90 minutes when THI was less than 69 showed signs of hypothermia (Kendall et al. 2007).
Alter milking times
Changing milking times can achieve multiple outcomes, depending on your system. Reducing the number of milkings in the hot afternoons can reduce heat-generating exercise for the cows and heat generated in the yard (if not using effective cooling systems). Milker comfort can be increased by milking before lunch or later in the evening.
Plan for shade when allocating feed
Cows who have access to shade for 90 minutes before afternoon milking in New Zealand reduced respiration rate by 30% and lowered body temperature by 0.3°C compared to cows without shade (Kendall et al. 2007). The body temperature remained lower for 2-4 h after milking.
Cows use shade to reduce the heat they’re absorbing from the environment. Shade trees reduce solar radiation by >50% and the ambient temperature can be up to 10°C cooler under trees in summer. In New Zealand studies, cows start using shade from 20°C, and cows with access to shade had lower body temperatures, lower breathing rates and higher milk production.
Contrary to opinion, providing shade does not result in animals spending less time grazing. Cows provided with shade actually spend the same or more time grazing per day than those without shade, and can have increased dry matter intake. Providing shade for as many animals as possible will help prevent large groups gathering under too few trees, which leads to high nutrient loading, soil compaction and pasture loss. For a 300 cow herd, that would be about seven mature oaks, or 60 mature poplars, or a 36m x 36m shade structure. If there is less than 4-5 m2 of shade per cow, there will be competition for the space and some cows will miss out.
In New Zealand, where solar radiation levels are high, shade is likely a more important resource to cows than water cooling. However, cooling with water is efficient if cows are showing signs of being too hot (e.g., panting, drooling) on warm days, and in particular after a long walk to milking. Compared to shade alone, cooling with water spray reduces body temperature, respiration rate and air temperature more efficiently. So bringing the herd in for cooling is a good option when there isn’t enough shade available.
The earliest indicator of heat stress is increased breathing rate. Ideally, observe 10 cows on a warm summer afternoon. Get your eye in – watch the flank. Set a timer for 10 seconds. Count full breaths. Less than 7 is good. 10 or more is indicating heat stress. To practice counting breathing rates have a go watching this video | <urn:uuid:4d549017-0c21-440d-a351-5721e99929e5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://owlfarm.nz/owl-farm-kpis/animal-wellbeing/heat-stress-thi-humidity-temperature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.941011 | 1,639 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Urbanization of a top predator: are wolves and humans adapting to life in close proximity?
Urbanization is a rapidly growing phenomenon that dramatically alters animals’ habitats and puts the survival of many species at risk. However, some species can also benefit from such changes, becoming ‘urban exploiters’. Wolves in Italy have (unexpectedly) adapted to highly anthropic environments resulting in increased attacks on pets in private gardens and sightings in towns. This has led to speculation that the prolonged proximity to human habitation, dependence on anthropogenic food sources and additional opportunity for hybridization with dogs have decreased wolves’ natural propensity to avoid humans, thereby increasing the risk of direct aggression. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach to analyse the effect of urbanization on wolves’ feeding habits, their fear, risk-taking and aggressive behaviours, as well as their endocrinological and genetic profile, testing the hypothesis that urban wolves show a ‘bolder’ temperament than wolves living in more remote areas. We will evaluate people’s attitudes towards urban wolves and their willingness to modify their behaviour, identifying key areas to help mitigate animal-human conflict. Predictive models of wolves’ colonization have vastly underestimated the animals’ adaptability to more urbanized habitats and the impact of human attitudes on wolves’ successful return. We adopt a systems approach to develop a predictive model of wolves’ return to Austria, including both human and ecological dimensions. | <urn:uuid:96667d26-f7ed-4ce0-b5cc-18b152cc807d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://wwtf.at/funding/programmes/esr/ESR20-009/index.php?lang=EN | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.936846 | 293 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Nomads, farmers, and trade: world history was born where these elements intersected. In this reconceptualized view, respected Japanese historian Okamoto Takashi locates history’s crucible in the boundary zones between settled agriculturists and nomadic peoples, where the Silk Road emerged as an early engine of trade and culture. Okamoto presents a new historical narrative which overturns Eurocentric perceptions of history, boldly and clearly reconfiguring the structure of world history in terms of economic ebbs and flows.
When Asian military forces took to horseback some three thousand years ago, commercial capital developed that linked remote regions, innovating technologies, increasing productivity, and eventually culminating in the Mongol Empire. Their control of the Silk Road connected them with Near Eastern empires at the road’s western terminus, enriching the Greek and Roman civilizations of the Mediterranean world. But as crucial trade routes moved from inland to the coast during the Age of Discovery, the center stage of history shifted to Europe, which evolved its own financial and navigational technologies to win the global economic game.
Looking anew at history from this perspective forces a reconsideration of accepted notions from “Greco-Roman civilization,” the “European miracle,” and the “Great Divergence” to “Japan’s modernization.” Through his unique overview of the whole of Eurasia and the maritime realm, from ancient times to the present, the author reorients our view of Asia’s role in global history. | <urn:uuid:e6275ecd-4cd7-49a2-b22b-9496308623ed> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.jpicinternational.com/books/history/596684f8748f3188f9cd601d27bc11697ca26e00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499758.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129180008-20230129210008-00291.warc.gz | en | 0.931108 | 314 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Third Grade Students in Kimberly Cretsinger’s classroom at Calvin Smith Elementary worked collaboratively to solve clues in the Digital Breakout challenge they were given. Digital Breakouts are a newer component of the already well known Breakout EDU web site. Instead of physically unlocking boxes by finding and solving clues, students unlock digital levels of a breakout mystery. Questions contain a variety of content aligned challenges. The storyline for this Digital Breakout explained that students had accidentally been locked into their classroom and would miss the bus if they didn’t solve all the clues to Breakout.
Students worked in groups using their classroom Chromebooks to solve the mystery. Watch the short video above to see these 3rd Grade Problem Solvers hard at work Breaking Out!
Spotlight created by Teresa Bruin, District Educational Technology Specialist and Team Leader. This post originally appeared in our January 2018 Ed. Tech. Monthly Newsletter for Teachers. | <urn:uuid:53a384f5-800b-492c-9991-8638b67aa88b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.graniteschools.org/edtech/2018/01/spotlight-digital-breakouts-at-calvin-smith-elementary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499911.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201045500-20230201075500-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.951513 | 185 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Government of Canada marks the first-ever Gender Equality Week
Canada is celebrating the first ever Gender Equality Week from September 23 to 29, 2018!
The theme for Gender Equality Week is Gender equality benefits everyone, inspired by the vision of a gender equal society and the benefits of advancing gender equality to women, men and people of all gender identities. When we make progress towards gender equality, #EveryoneBenefits!
This week is an opportunity for people from coast to coast to coast to celebrate the progress we’ve made in advancing gender equality in Canada, while reflecting on the work that remains to make sure that everyone – regardless of their gender – can reach their full potential.
Gender Equality Week is the result of Bill C-309, the Gender Equality Week Act, which received Royal Assent on June 21, 2018. This legislation designates the fourth week in September as Gender Equality Week.
Throughout the week, show your support with the hashtag #EveryoneBenefits and tell us why gender equality is important to you.
The Honourable Maryam Monsef, Minister of Status of Women, in her sstatement: said, “This is the inspiration for this year’s theme, Gender equality benefits everyone. It is a powerful reminder that we all have so much to gain when we advance gender equality. It is both the right thing to do and the smart thing to do.
“We have a $150 billion dollar reason to do this well. That is what we will add to Canada’s economy in less than a decade if we successfully bring in policies of fairness and equality. By removing barriers to women’s participation in sectors like the skilled trades and STEM fields – sectors which represent high-quality, well-paid jobs and have significant labour shortages – we are growing our middle class.
“By supporting women in business, in leadership roles and in non-traditional sectors, we are unlocking Canada’s economic potential and creating a strong economy. By including women in decision-making processes, we are creating more profitable businesses and a more secure and peaceful world. By upholding equality and justice, we are advancing human rights within our borders and beyond.
“And by eliminating discrimination, preventing gender-based violence, and challenging harmful stereotypes faced by people of all genders, we are creating a foundation for everyone to lead happier, healthier and more fulfilling lives.
“Like Canadians, our government believes that everybody deserves an equal and fair chance at success. Together, we are making tremendous progress on advancing gender equality – progress worth celebrating and, more importantly, progress we are committed to building on in the months and years to come. We still have much more work ahead, but if we all do our part, we will create a more equitable and prosperous Canada for everyone.”
Advancing gender equality leads to countless benefits for women, men and people of all gender identities. Here are some of the ways that gender equality creates a better world – for all of us.
Fairness, equality and justice are the foundation of human rights. From the early suffragists to the activists of the #MeToo movement, the idea that gender equality is first and foremost the right thing to do has inspired and galvanized advocates around the world.
Gender equality is not only the right thing to do – it’s also the smart thing to do. Advancing gender equality will help create a thriving, prosperous country for everyone. By supporting women in business, in leadership roles and in non-traditional sectors, we can unlock Canada’s economic potential.
Health and happiness
Equality is the foundation from which everyone can all lead healthy, happy and fulfilling lives. From eliminating discrimination and harmful stereotypes to preventing gender-based violence, advancing gender equality contributes to a higher quality of life for everyone.
Peace and security
Gender equality has the power to create a more peaceful world. Involving women in the decision-making process – from peace operations to responses to climate change – helps achieve long-term, sustainable peace.
Everyone deserves the opportunity to reach their full potential, and gender equality helps create a world without limits. When steps are taken to advance gender equality, barriers are removed to create a world of infinite possibilities. | <urn:uuid:e82cfa12-9160-4f33-a3d3-0901992516bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://namastetoronto.com/2018/09/24/gender-equality-benefits-everyone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500017.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202101933-20230202131933-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.945501 | 872 | 2.84375 | 3 |
1907 – Douglas Corrigan, an American pilot later known as “Wrong Way” for his New York-Ireland flight in a Curtiss Robin, is born.
1926 – Spanish Dornier Do J Wal flying boat “Plus Ultra” takes off from Palos de la Frontera, in Huelva, Spain, to Buenos Aires, Argentina, for the first trans-Atlantic flight between Spain and South America.
1943 – Death of Edmond Eugene Henri Caillaux, a World War I ace of the French Air Service.
1952 – American Airlines Flight 6780, a Convair CV-240, crashes on approach to Newark, N.J., into dwellings in Elizabeth, N.J., killing 30 and leading to the Doolittle Commission recommendation for laws coordinating urban zoning to keep airport approach paths clear.
1969 – The U. S. 9th Marine Regiment begins Operation Dewey Canyon — an operation dependent completely on helicopters — in South Vietnam’s Da Krong Valley. It will conclude on March 19, rated as the 9th Marines’ most successful operation (and the Corps final major operation) of the Vietnam War.
1971 – A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3 Orion sets a distance record of 7,010 miles for an aircraft in its class. | <urn:uuid:b257f1ea-8cd6-4d2c-802e-95c1d4a796e2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.flightjournal.com/on-this-day-in-aviation-history-7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500017.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202101933-20230202131933-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.909341 | 273 | 2.78125 | 3 |
How Can A Nation Prosper
A high literacy rate is the fundamental driver of positive change in the socio-economic framework of a country. It ensures the improvement of the healthcare system of the country as literate people are more aware of the prevention and cure of diseases. A high literacy rate also imparts necessary skills to the people which they can utilize to solve their problems. Unfortunately, Pakistan ranks low in terms of literacy rates. Currently, the overall literacy rate in Pakistan hovers around 60% which is, indeed, a dismal position.
Another contributing factor towards the progress of the nation is strong media with the true spirit of journalism. Regrettably, Pakistan doesn’t have such a medium. Most of the media outlets have, unfortunately, become a tool in the hands of politicians who use it against their opponents or to improve their political image. In short, the media is not highlighting the real issues of the public in true spirit.
Another critical factor for a nation’s success is a stable political environment. Sadly, Pakistan is a victim of chronic political instability. The country has remained under intermittent military and civil rules. It has witnessed the imposition of four martial laws while civil governments, too, remained largely unsuccessful in bringing political stability. An unstable political environment, low literacy rates, and a lack of skilled youth; all contribute to the devastation of another critical factor for a nation’s progress: a strong economy. Political instability and a paucity of skilled people de-motivate investors who are always concerned about the deterioration of the law and order situation. Lack of foreign and local investment keeps a huge burden on the economy as no manufacturing process takes place inside the country. Briefly, it can be said that a weak economy is the major cause of hindrance to the development of a country.
Good civil-military relations are pivotal for the proper growth of a nation. Consensus between civil and military leadership in the process of formulation of defence and foreign policies is essential for the security and fulfilment of national interests. Unfortunately, it is a bitter truth that Pakistan has been confronting the issue of maintaining good civil-military relations since its inception. So, maintaining good civil-military relations is essential as well as challenging for Pakistan.
A country can progress well if it is blessed with huge natural resources. Pakistan is fortunate that it has abounding natural resources such as coal, oil, natural gas and precious minerals; the presence of vast fertile land; beautiful rivers and lakes; and so on. These can be utilised to uplift the economy. And these can also provide numerous job opportunities to the people of Pakistan. The issue is that there is a lack of management and provincial conflicts make it difficult to decide how to share these valuable resources among them.
Pakistan has a youth population that accounts for around 65 percent of its total population. Had these young people been equipped with the necessary skills and provided with proper technical education, they could have provided a huge boost to the national economy. Unfortunately, every government has failed in achieving this goal. No significant investment has been made in this sector. Hence, the youth of Pakistan are indulging in social vices and even crimes due to a lack of political will to take responsibility for their future.
The success of a nation also depends on the performance of its institutions. Strong institutions are the key drivers of good governance, as they perform the work of delivery of essential services to their citizens. Pakistan has a weak institutional setup where a lack of accountability, corruption and nepotism prevailed. The value of the public is nothing for these institutions. Politically recruited and untrained staff consider these institutions their personal property and use them for their political bosses and personal gains. Hence, a country cannot progress without corruption-free institutions where merit-based recruitment are done.
Good governance is the only option to make a nation successful. Good governance comes through good institutions, political consensus, enforcement of accountability, strong civil-military relations and investing in education and skill-enhancement programs.
The writer is PCS 2018 Sindh qualifier. | <urn:uuid:3796065f-cdb1-42b5-99cf-d27c3ffbaeae> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.jworldtimes.com/how-can-a-nation-prosper/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00611.warc.gz | en | 0.954576 | 822 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Cities, by their very nature, amass people. They bring us close together, cheek by jowl, in teeming crowds; they bless our yearnings for the social. Yet one of the oldest impulses in city design is to drive people apart: to rend the urban fabric into separate and unequal zones, to indulge our just-as-human penchant for distinguishing the ”we” from the “them.” It was not until the 1890s that city-splitters first used the word “segregation” to describe their work, but the impetus to divide cities is as old as cities themselves—in fact, it’s our urban original sin. Just look at Eridu, Mesopotamia’s “urban Eden,” founded seventy centuries ago. The first of all ziggurats came into being there, nothing less than a separate, monumental urban home for the gods, set above and apart from the mortals who thronged the dustier wards below. Eridu’s version of the divine-human boundary likely took thousands of years to solidify as each of the city’s new temples became more foreboding. But the Sumerian ziggurat, and its later analogs the Forbidden City, the teocalli, the royal enclave, the acropolis, the Palatine Hill, cast a shadow upon all cities since. From the outset forward, segregation was a tool of domination and hierarchy, one that as such undercut many of the promises that people have sought in cities: opportunity, equality, commerce, communication, collective action, creativity, safety, and freedom. In the twentieth-century United States (and now many places elsewhere), urban segregation was also intimately linked to the forces of sprawl. The combination threatens what may be the most important urban promise of all. The act of amassing ourselves in the densest, most urbanized slivers of our fragile planet’s surface may be, after all, the only way we will survive as a species.
It’s a long stretch, of course, from Eridu to the endlessness of exurban, Edge City, U.S.A. Only through another of segregation’s paradoxes can we adequately ponder the connection. For, if city-splitting impulses can make any claim at all to universality, it can only be because of their enormous variability. As urban civilizations rose, fell, and rose again across the millennia, so did the basic formulas determining who belonged in the elect districts and who did not. Cities’ outer walls rested up one such genre of segregationism: they divided the urban and the urbane from the rural and the rustic. Local people marked themselves as such by corralling their city’s foreigners into separate compounds. There, out-of-towners became especially useful as scapegoats. Among the many iterations of this nasty trick is the European invention of the Jewish ghetto. Elsewhere, creed, class, caste, clan, craft and even sex could determine urban boundary lines to greater or lesser degrees. Dividing lines were also more penetrable in some places than others. Sometimes, paradoxically again, the porosity of the boundaries was essential to their operation as a tool of domination. How could elites maintain their aloof status, for example, if they did not enroll hundreds of shanty dwellers as domestic servants and provide them quarters in the very heart of the palace?
In all cases, segregationists embraced urban dividing lines because segregation gave them a tool of enhanced power. Divine-right monarchs were the first city-splitters; they were helped by high court intellectuals and priests, and, in other ways, by landowning elites. Divided cities helped such power brokers to establish authoritarian governments, to disseminate official state ideologies, and to hoard wealth. But as a political tool, segregation has always been paradoxical in its own right. No matter how powerful, segregationists also have to expend large quantities of power to put the boundary lines in place. Splitting a city requires huge effort and investment of capital, and it demands specialized tools of its own, designed explicitly for making, unmaking, and remaking urban space. Over the millennia these tools have included monumental architecture (as at Eridu), walls, palisades, battlements, bastions, fences, gates, guard shacks, checkpoints, booms, railroad tracks, highways, tunnels, rivers, inlets, mountainsides and ridges, buffer zones, free-fire zones, demilitarized zones, cordon sanitaires, screens of trees, road blocks, violent mobs, terrorism, the police, armies, curfews, quarantines, pass laws, labor compounds, building clearances, forced removals, restrictive covenants, zoning ordinances, racial steering practices, race-infused economic incentives, segregated private and public housing developments, exclusive residential compounds, gated communities, separate municipal governments and fiscal systems, discriminatory access to land ownership and credit, complementary rural holding zones, influx control laws, and restrictions against overseas immigration. In great part, segregation persisted because segregationists could respond to different times and places by infinitely varying the combinations of these tools.
Signature spaces of this, a new notion of human difference arose: race. By encompassing both scientific universality and political malleability, race gave Western city builders license to do something unprecedented — to stamp a single civilization’s segregationist style on cities spread across every inhabited continent. In a series of wide-reaching historical lurches during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Europeans spread racially divided colonial cities across Asia, the Pacific Rim, Africa, and parts of the Americas. In the process, the signature spaces of the new form of city-splitting proliferated: White Towns, Black Towns, “Asiatic” bazaars, Chinatowns, Native Locations, Black townships, and Black Ghettos. All of the tools used by earlier segregationists were brought to bear, as were new enhanced techniques of class segregation developed in Europe and shipped across oceans and empires to become tools of racial control.
Governments, as in earlier times, were the biggest modern-era racial segregationists. The world-spanning British, French, and American empires account for most of the new urban color lines, though the Belgians, Germans, Italians, and even the Portuguese got in the act as well. Segregation enhanced the prestige and “manifest destiny” of these empires’ “ruling races.” More practical imperial administrators also averred that split cities could minimize headaches involved in disputes between subject peoples with differing legal systems.
A new group of modern-era, globetrotting, semi-independent court-intellectuals also played key roles in the spread of segregation. Race theorists justified Western imperialism as well as the split cities needed to sustain it. Successive generations of peripatetic urban reformers got into the act, too. Public health officials, for example, thought segregation necessary to minimize health threats posed to whites by the inferior races and their poor sanitary habits. Later, housing reformers allowed their slum clearance and public housing schemes to serve segregationist ends. Professionalized urban planners later incorporated segregation into what they called “comprehensive” blueprints for ever more lavish colonial cities.
Another somewhat more anarchic institution also spread through the colonies at the same time: the global capitalist real estate industry. New tools it pioneered, such as London’s land-use covenants in property deeds, could be used to solidify color lines. But the expanded property rights upon which the industry was based could also actually weaken race boundaries in many colonial capitals. There, wealthy Asians or Africans could afford to buy and live in the White Town, and because empires depended on local elite allies, officials sometimes balked at enforcing racial zoning.
Segregation’s variability, backed by the power of empires and their roving experts, nonetheless won out. Urban segregation was central to the first modern empire’s first big undertaking, the British conquest of India. From the first White and Black Town at Madras, to the less successfully divided capital at Calcutta, to the hundred and seventy five segregated “stations” of the British Raj—scattered from Afghanistan to the Malay Peninsula, from the hot military outposts in the plains to the cool “hill stations” in the uplands—racial segregation proved itself in an enormously diverse political, social, economic, religious and geographical terrain. The second surge, associated with the European “opening” of China, brought segregation to places as diverse as Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Yokohama. From there, the concept of the Chinatown sprang across the Pacific, adapting for the first time to the rawer racial politics of white settler colonies, such as those headquartered in San Francisco, Vancouver, Melbourne and Honolulu.
The year 1894 marked the debut of the word segregation as a global political slogan. The occasion was the global plague pandemic that began in Hong Kong and Bombay. There, panicked public health officials yanked Asian victims wholesale from their homes, often to redeposit them in “segregation camps.” Their actions sparked “segregation mania,” the turn-of-the-century frenzy of city-splitting that ensued as the sensational new political catchphrase chased ship-born rats and their plague-infested fleas across the colonial world, eastward to California and westward to the far edge of Africa. In West Africa, the mania also took strength from fervent campaigns targeting urban Africans (especially their children), who were suspected as the prime source of malaria germs carried by the mosquitoes that sent so many white men to their tropical graves.
Professional city planners also entered the business of city-splitting during the period of segregation mania. Backed by lavish imperial investment and power, they resurrected the monumental aspects of city-splitting in their designs for colonial capitals, exemplified above all by Edwin Lutyens’s New Delhi. The plans’ broad avenues, looming palaces, and elaborate racial zoning systems were intended to function as arrogant disquisitions on the contrast between the backward splendor of the East and the cutting-edge progressivism of the West.
The worldwide frenzy of racial city-splitting paradoxically coincided with the rise of its most important global adversary. People of color everywhere began joining the giant tide of loosely interconnected anti-colonial, national liberation and civil rights movements that would soon launch an unprecedented revolution against white supremacy and Western empire. While decolonization did not end urban segregation—for class boundaries had grown more acute in cities everywhere, including in former colonies—it did bring to an end the 250-year tradition of separate White Towns and Black Towns.
The story did not end there, though, for the era of segregation mania also gave birth to two much more robust and radical forms of racial city-splitting, in South Africa and the United States. In both locations, the practice actually gained ground amidst the great mid-twentieth century calls for race equality. South Africa and the US were white settler societies where settlers themselves held unusual commanding positions in politics. They were places where the screaming pitch of white supremacy was sharpened by an opposing sense that white power was especially vulnerable to the “rising tide of color” in their midst, whether the perceived threat of the black majority in South Africa or that of the Great Migration of blacks to US cities. Finally, urban whites in South Africa and the US also possessed a permanent stake in local real estate markets, unlike the peripatetic communities of white officials that formed the majority of whites in most colonial white towns. They were thus susceptible to the self-serving myth that black neighbors brought down the value of nearby property.
This myth tied segregation tightly to racially-infused economic incentives that in turn completely transformed the role of the real estate industry in the politics of city-splitting. From a source of irritation for government-led segregationist planning, the business of buying and selling land became a nearly unstoppable force of urban racial division.
Placing the two “arch-segregationist” societies side by side, another seeming paradox emerges. South Africa, the society that most publicly, unrepentantly, and viciously harnessed city-splitting to the power of government, also took the longest to be successful. Then, it mercifully expired the most quickly; apartheid is, after all, no longer with us. The American system, which by contrast was designed to operate as much as possible outside the fray of politics, not only divided cities with almost as much efficiency as apartheid at its height, it remains alive and well to this day.
The reasons for these differences have a paradoxical ring to them. In South Africa, where black-white politics arose from a matrix of imperial conquest and land dispossession, blacks had virtually no civil, political, or property rights, and, white fears notwithstanding, their resistance movements had relatively little leverage during the era of segregation mania. As a result the British Empire and the Union of South Africa were free to put in place the legislated instruments, such as Native Location laws, compound ordinances, pass laws, and rural reserves, that later became the foundation stones of apartheid. In the US, by contrast, black-white politics proceeded from the regional conflict over slavery and emancipation, which gave the Reconstruction-era Republican Party an incentive to give black men a wider range of rights. These rights were fragile, but they gave black activists far more power than their counterparts possessed in contemporary South Africa. In 1917, a team of lawyers from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was able to convince the otherwise largely white supremacist justices of the US Supreme Court to strike down dozens of neighborhood segregation ordinances that had swept through southern and midwestern cities at the height of the mania. In the absence of state power, American whites in many cities turned to their longstanding practice of enforcing neighborhood color lines by street violence. This was in sharp contrast to South Africa, where whites, again, could more plausibly put their faith in government. During World War I and after, violence spiraled out of control in a wave of race riots across the US, capped by a bloody week in Chicago in 1919. An alliance of segregationist urban reformers and real estate agents in that city went back to the drawing board to lay out neighborhood-splitting schemes that operated more quietly.
Starting with racist theories of property values, the Chicago alliance devised an ingenious and many-headed hydra of a segregation system, grafting together restrictive covenants, racial steering, and redlining along with discriminatory implementation of nominally non-racial government instruments such as zoning laws, federal home mortgage guarantees, highway building programs, urban renewal schemes, and public housing projects. These practices did not guarantee fixed color lines in American cities, but they did give whites the option to flee racially changing urban neighborhoods for the wider and more lucrative reaches of the suburbs, thus making the fatal link between segregation and sprawl.
While civil rights activists were able to lop off some of this monster’s heads (restrictive covenants fell in 1948, for example), and though subsequent fair housing laws made much of the beast illegal, segregationists have kept their creation alive, in part by hobbling the federal government’s fair-housing enforcement machinery. As the number of blacks migrating into cities fell off, so did most remaining spurts of white violence. There is no law forbidding white flight, nor one to stop the more recent and smaller, but often equally segregationist, undertow of gentrification. Such racially-inflected dynamics in the private housing market, coupled with ongoing steering, redlining, and devastating bouts of discriminatory predatory lending, continue to quietly guarantee unequal and separate racial spaces in American cities to this day. This beast conduct its work that many Americans are tempted to think of segregation as something “de facto.” It just is; it was never made.
In the world we live in today, segregationists continue to occupy the commanding heights of urban spatial politics. The exact nature of urban dividing lines has been blurred. Race, class, ethnicity, culture, and (most toxically) religion all play interconnected roles, depending on the place. With some notorious exceptions, explicitly segregationist government legislation is no longer the principle coercive force behind the sundering of cities. Instead, most city dividers today use tools that resemble those at work in the many-headed system of the United States. Far from “informal” or “voluntary” (let alone “de facto”), such tools, embedded above all in the real estate and financial industries, pack plenty of coercive institutional force. They also benefit from an aura of plausible deniability that probably even more crucially explains their political longevity.
All that said, there is a final, bittersweet paradox to the global history of urban segregation. As powerful as these forces are, our age is also blessed with more knowledge about the devastating effects of segregation than any in previous human history. We also have more knowledge than ever about ways to create open, egalitarian, and empowering urban spaces and communities: the French “anti-ghetto” laws; the scrappy, anti-segregationist grassroots community organizations of the US; the shanty-and-shack-dwellers associations of the Global South; and the UN Global Forum contain conversations that all city-lovers and city planners should listen to carefully. Only by helping to elaborate such visions can we wean ourselves from our seventy-century-old habit of dividing—and impoverishing—our species’ most promising form of habitat. | <urn:uuid:303e8cdb-7a8a-4751-b41f-95d2e6dc44c9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mascontext.com/issues/boundary/the-segregation-paradoxes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500154.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204205328-20230204235328-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.954774 | 3,662 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Amelia Bloomer – Publisher and Advocate for Woman’s Rights
Editor’s Note: This entry is republished from the Historical Files maintained by the National Park Service and there are numerous references to houses where the Bloomers lived and that today are maintained by the NPS as historic sites.
Introduction: Amelia Jenks Bloomer (May 27, 1818 – December 30, 1894). During the 1840s and early 1850s, Amelia Bloomer was one of the most well-known reformers in Seneca Falls, New York. An indefatigable worker, she became involved in temperance work, women’s rights, dress reform, religious charities, and numerous other humanitarian movements. She was very early identified as a believer in women’s rights, and gave that cause heavy coverage in the pages of her newspaper The Lily. Her courage in her convictions, and her willingness to act on them made her a highly visible figure among early women’s rights advocates. Even though she did not create the women’s clothing reform style known as “bloomers,” her name became associated with it because of her early and strong advocacy.
Early Life: Amelia Jenks Bloomer was born May 27, 1818 in Homer, New York. She was raised in a family of modest means and received only a few years of formal education in the local district school. After a brief stint as a school teacher at the age of 17, she decided to relocate, and moved in with her newly married sister Elvira, then living in Waterloo. Within a year she had moved into the home of the Oren Chamberlain family to act as the live-in governess for their three youngest children.
During this time she made the acquaintance of Dexter Bloomer, the editor and co-owner of the weekly Seneca County Courier. Bloomer’s home was in Seneca Falls where he was studying law in his spare time and taking an active part in local Whig politics. The first evidence of their growing affection is a sentiment which Bloomer penned in Amelia’s autograph book late in 1839. “The writer of this line humbly asks that he may be numbered in the list of Amelia’s favored friends.” Amelia apparently granted the favor, for on April 15, they were married at the Waterloo home of John Lowden by the Presbyterian minister. The word obey was omitted from the marriage ceremony, evidence of the Bloomers’ early commitment to the cause of women’s rights.
Dexter Bloomer recalled that the day after the wedding, he and Amelia rode in a carriage to the Seneca Falls home of Isaac Fuller “where rooms had been prepared for their reception.” Fuller was Bloomer’s partner and the co-owner of the “paper for which he worked.” Though we do not know for sure, the manner in which Bloomer refers to the Fullers seems to suggest that the newlyweds were living with them as guests until they could set up a home of their own, rather than as rent paying tenants. The two men were old friends and the families remained in close touch with each other throughout their lives. Dexter Bloomer asserted that they “proved most dear and excellent friends of the young couple who on the 16th day of April, 1840, took up their residence with them.”
We cannot prove with any certainty that the Mumford House on East Bayard Street, commonly referred to as the Bloomer House, was the Fuller home in which the Bloomers spent the first 5-1/2 months of their married life. There is a longstanding oral tradition in favor of this view, but no documentation has ever been found to support this contention. Although there was a house on the site in 1840, the preponderance of evidence suggests that in all likelihood it was not the Fuller home in 1840. (See the “Architectural Survey of Women’s Rights National Historical Park” for further discussion of this point.)
The question of whether this was indeed the Fuller house is somewhat academic for our purposes in any case, for it appears that Amelia Bloomer engaged in very little reform work during the first months of her marriage. She had not yet conceived of The Lily, and by her own admission was “a shrinking, bashful woman, just entering upon a new life in a home of strangers . . . [and I] scarcely dared open my mouth in presence of half a dozen persons.” To compound her difficulties, she contracted a debilitating fever in July, and left Seneca Falls to recover at Avon Springs near Rochester. Her health restored, she returned to the Fullers’ in August, but only stayed there two months. By October 1, Dexter Bloomer wrote that they had found a home of their own, and “settled down to housekeeping in a modest dwelling.”
The location of this building in which they lived for the next 10 years is also much in doubt. The same is true of the “modest cottage” that Dexter Bloomer purchased in 1850 and where the Bloomers lived during their last four years of residence in the village. In a paper delivered before the Seneca Falls Historical Society in 1948, Caroline Lester admitted that she was not sure exactly where the houses were located, but that she was “inclined to think that . . . [one] occupied the site where the Masonic Temple now stands [on S. Park St.]. I personally can recall a white house with a small front yard on that site.” She does not indicate which of the two houses this might have been. Other local residents have said that the Bloomer house stood nearer the business district, somewhere around the junction of Fall, Cayuga, and Ovid Streets. These individuals may be confusing the house site with the location of the post office where the Bloomers worked, as that structure was supposedly “a small frame building on Cayuga street just north of the present C.L. Hoskins building.” In any event, they all seem to agree that wherever the houses were, neither one is still standing. All we know for certain is that a “House, Barn and office” belonging to Dexter Bloomer was assessed at $1,100 in 1851.
Early Career: Once settled into their new home, the Bloomers soon became very active members of Seneca Falls Society. Dexter Bloomer continued to edit his weekly paper, opened up a successful law practice, and served a term as town clerk. He was extremely active in local Whig politics and attended political caucuses and gatherings throughout the state. In his spare time, he traded stories and political news with the members of Rescue Co. #3, the volunteer fire department which he had joined in 1842.
Amelia Bloomer, too, threw herself into local activities, particularly church charities and local temperance societies. In 1840-1841, a vigorous and highly emotional campaign against alcohol abuse swept across the country under the aegis of the Washington Temperance Society. The Washingtonians had been founded by six Baltimore friends who one night had suddenly decided to swear off alcohol completely and to devote their lives to convincing others to do the same. The Six Reformed Drunkards, as they were forever after called, travelled throughout the country presenting lectures against the evils of alcohol which matched those of a revival preacher for passionate fervor and frightful imagery. Vast numbers of people were convinced by their oratory, and signed Total Abstinence Pledges by the thousands.
Two of the Reformed Drunkards visited Seneca Falls in the early 1840s and created an enormous sensation. Numerous temperance societies sprang up overnight, and everyone began lecturing everyone else on the horrible effects of intoxicating liquor. Mary Bull, a Seneca Falls resident who was seven years old at the time of the great Temperance Reformation, remembered the effect it had on her:
Reformed drunkards were then as now the heroes of society, and I remember well the jealousy and envy I felt toward a little girl at school who was quite a heroine among us, as her father addressed crowds every night in his character of a reformed inebriate. I can recall my mother’s face now when I boldly expressed the wish, ‘that papa was a reformed drunkard.’
Amelia Bloomer became intensely interested in this cause and temperance reform became her major life’s work. According to her husband, she entered into the battle “with her whole heart and soul,” attending conventions, serving on committees, and composing essays. In February 1842, Bloomer began publishing a temperance newspaper called The Water Bucket, to which his wife began submitting articles under various pseudonyms. She was an uncompromising opponent of alcohol, here, castigating women who put wine in their cakes and brandy on their apple dumplings:
What examples these ladies are setting before their families! Have they a husband, a brother or a son, and have they no fear that the example they are now setting them may be the means of their filling a drunkard’s grave? Have they a daughter? Their example teaches her to respect moderate-drinking young men, and receive their addresses, and should she unite her fate with such a one, almost certain ruin awaits her.
Like the Abolitionist Movement, the Temperance Movement played a vital role in the development of the women’s rights cause. Many of the central figures in the women’s movement such as Susan B. Anthony, first became involved in reform activities through temperance societies. Their participation in these groups would begin to bring home to them the peculiarly demeaning position of women in all fields of endeavor.
When the temperance agitation first began, women were applauded for organizing their own Martha Washington Societies as adjuncts to the men’s Washington Temperance Societies. Indeed, many felt that women were particularly well-suited for temperance work, as popular wisdom ascribed to them superior powers of moral persuasion and spirituality. The article by Amelia Bloomer quoted above shows how she too felt that women had a unique responsibility to reform and ennoble those around them. Nineteenth century temperance literature almost never addressed the issue of female intemperance. It was always simply assumed that women were morally better than men by nature, and that their refined sensibilities made them the obvious regenerators of degraded mankind.
Many women were attracted to the temperance movement not so much to rescue fallen men, as to protect themselves. Under the current legal and social systems, women often became the innocent victims of drunken or dissolute husbands. Unable to earn a living or own property, they were totally dependent on the head of the house for their livelihood and support. The temperance papers of the day were full of stories of women physically abused or neglected by drunken fathers or husbands.
With a personal stake in the success of the cause, women became increasingly bold in their temperance activities. Mary Bull recalled the occasion when the Ladies Temperance Society presented a banner to the men’s group. As it was obviously unthinkable for a woman actually to make the presentation, Ansel Bascom, the husband of the president of the women’s society made a speech on her behalf. When it was discovered that the banner had been stolen, Mrs. Bascom, under the emotion of the moment, called out that they would make another. Realizing that she had spoken out in public, she was immediately horrorstruck, and “afterwards bewailed with tears” the fact that her enthusiasm had gotten the better of her sense of womanly propriety.
Although Eliza Bascom’s daring had been largely unconscious, it was symptomatic of the audacity that individual women were beginning to display in the temperance movement. Amelia Bloomer was growing restless by the restricted role she was allowed to play in her favorite cause. She complained that women “could attend meetings and listen to the eloquence and arguments of men, and they could pay their money towards the support of temperance lecturers, but such a thing as their having anything to say or do further than this was not thought of.” Eager to expand her involvement, Bloomer broached the subject of publishing a temperance newspaper during a meeting of the Ladies Temperance Society in the Mynderse Block in the summer of 1848. The idea was eagerly adopted by the membership, and the name, The Lily suggested by the society’s president, a Mrs. Lyons. Amelia Bloomer and Anne C. Mattison were chosen as the editors. The following notice was duly inserted in the Free Soil Union on August 8, 1848: “It is proposed to publish a Ladies’ Journal in the village of Seneca Falls, devoted to the cause of Temperance and Moral and Religious Literature: to be the organ of the Female Temperance Society of that village, and of other similar societies.” The yearly subscription rate was to be 50¢.
As the realities of publishing, editing, and disseminating a newspaper began to weigh upon the society their enthusiasm for the project began to fade. According to Bloomer, “the zeal of the ladies abated wonderfully. They began to realize that they had been hasty in incurring a great responsibility for which they were not fitted, and very soon the society decided to give up the enterprise altogether. Bloomer, however, was made of sterner stuff, and insisted that she
could not so lightly throw off responsibility. Our word had gone to the public and we had considerable money on subscriptions. Besides the dishonesty of the thing, people would say it was ‘just like women’; ‘what more could you expect of them?’ As editor of the paper, I threw myself into the work, assumed the entire responsibility, took the entire charge editorially and financially, and carried it successfully through.
Bloomer remained the sole editor and owner of The Lily for the next 15 years, molding it into one of the most influential and liberal publications dealing with women’s issues in the early 19th century. It became a major forum for the writings of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and an outspoken advocate of women’s rights.
Though it was begun primarily as a temperance paper, Bloomer’s editorial in the first issue on January 1, 1849, clearly revealed her belief in an expanded field of activity for women:
It is woman that speaks through The Lily. It is upon an important subject, too, that she comes before the public to be heard. Intemperance is the great foe to her peace and happiness. It is that above all which has made her home desolate and beggared her offspring. It is that above all which has filled to its brim her cup of sorrow and sent her moaning to the grave. Surely she has a right to wield the pen for its suppression. Surely she may, without throwing aside the modest retirement which so much becomes her sex, use her influence to lead her fellow-mortals away from the destroyer’s path. It is this which she proposes to do in the columns of this paper.
As she gained confidence and experience, the tone of the paper became increasingly militant in its support of equal rights for women. Its columns aired debates over such issues as dress reform, equal job opportunities, suffrage, child rearing practices, and education. In the January 1, 1852, issue, Bloomer changed the original heading of the paper from “A Monthly Journal Devoted to Temperance and Literature,” to “Devoted to the Interests of Woman.” Some local temperance advocates resented this shift in emphasis and later accused Bloomer of having absconded with their paper. She stoutly defended herself by saying that “the paper being deserted by the society became my individual property to manage as I pleased; and from the very first member to the last I had the sole charge and direction of it. It was never the ‘organ’ of any society, party or clique, or of any individual but myself.” (See Appendix F.)
Much of the credit for the political feminization of The Lily must go to Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Although Bloomer had always held deep convictions regarding the rights of women, it was not until she came into contact with Stanton that these unconnected feelings and general beliefs solidified into a formal philosophy on women’s rights. Because she was out of town on the days of the Convention, Bloomer said that she was able to attend only the last evening’s session. She implied that if she had been in Seneca Falls she would have been present at all the sessions. According to her husband, she “had not yet thought much on the subject of women’s rights . . . [and] took no part in its proceedings,” nor did she sign the Declaration of Sentiments. The little that she had heard apparently had an effect on her for it was only one month later that she first made the revolutionary suggestion that the Ladies Temperance Society publish their own newspaper.
Ever ready to recognize a favorable opportunity when she saw one, Elizabeth Cady Stanton considered the new The Lily to be a prime candidate for the dissemination of feminist views. With its woman editor, advanced views, and reform orientation, it seemed natural that the little temperance paper should expand its columns to the discussion of women’s rights as well. Amelia Bloomer’s own actions and attitude no doubt encouraged her to believe that the editor would be open to the suggestion.
In the spring of 1849, Dexter Bloomer was appointed postmaster of the village, and promptly swore in his wife as his deputy. She was eager to accept the position, which she filled for four years, because, as she later wrote:
I had determined to give a practical demonstration of woman’s right to fill any place for which she had capacity . . . . It was a novel step for me to take in those days, and no doubt many thought I was out of woman’s sphere; but the venture was very successful and proved to me conclusively that woman might, even then, engage in any respectable business and deal with all sorts of men, and yet be treated with the utmost respect and consideration.
In addition to fulfilling her official duties, Bloomer also maintained an informal social center and clearing house for the women of the town in a room adjoining the post office. Elizabeth Cady Stanton described this adjunct as “a neat little room adjoining the public office. [It acted as] a kind of ladies’ exchange, where those coming from different parts of the town could meet to talk over the news of the day and read the papers and magazines that came to Mrs. Bloomer as editor of The Lily.”
It was in this little lounge that Dexter Bloomer says that Elizabeth Cady Stanton first introduced herself to his wife in the summer of 1849. Stanton offered to contribute some articles for The Lily, the first one appearing in the November 1849 issue under the pseudonym “Gloriana.” This and subsequent articles dealt with temperance issues, but Stanton gradually began submitting articles on women’s rights, suffrage, child rearing and other related subjects, usually under the name “Sunflower.” The Lily began to assume a much broader scope, due in large part to Stanton’s frequent contributions to the paper.
Historians disagree on exactly how much influence Elizabeth Cady Stanton exerted over the editorial policies of The Lily. Bloomer obviously had strong convictions on the ability and right of women to do whatever they felt they were capable of, as evidenced by her involvement with The Lily and the post office, but whether she thought of herself in 1848 as an advocate of women’s rights other than through personal example, is uncertain. Stanton obviously felt that she had politicized a somewhat reluctant Bloomer as evidenced by the following letter she wrote to Susan B. Anthony in 1852 regarding temperance activity, “do not let the conservative element control. For instance, you must take Mrs. Bloomer’s suggestions with great caution, for she has not the spirit of the true reformer. At the first woman s rights convention, but four years ago, she stood aloof and laughed at us. It was only with great effort and patience that she has been brought up to her present position.” In another letter to John Pierpont, Stanton asks him to send her a particular sermon, “and I will have it published in the Lily, the reform paper we started here in Seneca Falls at the beginning of the present year.”
That collective “we” would no doubt have surprised Bloomer, as according to her testimony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton had absolutely nothing to do with the founding of The Lily, and had not even had an article printed in it yet when she wrote her letter to Pierpont.
Other individuals agreed with Stanton that she had a large hand in turning the paper from purely temperance concerns to a much broader scope. In 1880, a former Seneca Falls resident published an article in Good Company in which she described how Stanton had subtly managed to redefine the The Lily‘s orientation:
[It] was conducted in a conservative manner, and was considered unimpugnable by most persons when Mrs. Stanton made her first sally upon the posts. Mrs. Stanton however understood human nature perfectly well. She was a leader in social affairs, her house a social center, distinguished persons were often her guests, and an invitation to her parties was not often declined by anyone, from clergymen down. A visit to Mrs. Bloomer, a judicious invitation or two, and the citadel was won, and ‘The Lily’ was henceforth the organ of the woman’s rights party as represented by Mrs. Stanton.
Amelia Bloomer, then living in Council Bluffs, Iowa, happened to read this article and sent an angry rebuttal to the Seneca Falls Revielle which had reprinted the Good Company story: . . . What she says of the manner and influences that led to her [Stanton] becoming a contributor to ‘The Lily,’ and my subjection to her leadership and influence, I pronounce a malicious misrepresentation. Mrs. Stanton was no more ready to write than I was to have her, and it required no maneuvering on her part to gain access to the paper. That it ever became her ‘organ,’ or in any way subject to her control, is untrue.”
As is generally the case in any dispute involving two very strong characters, the truth of the matter probably lies somewhere between. To Amelia Bloomer must certainly go the sole credit for first conceiving of a paper to be written and managed by women, a courageous undertaking in itself, no matter what its particular orientation might be. It must also be acknowledged that Elizabeth Cady Stanton probably did strongly influence Bloomer in the development of her subsequent feminist philosophy. Though Bloomer had been resolutely living out her convictions in her own life, it was almost certainly Stanton who opened her eyes to the wider issues and the possibilities of using The Lily as a woman’s forum.
Though Stanton and Bloomer seemingly maintained a cordial friendship and correspondence throughout their lives, there were fundamental differences in their views of women’s rights that created some friction between them. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was much more universal and humanistic in her approach than Amelia Bloomer, whose ideas were always firmly anchored in the tenets of traditional Christianity. She had joined the Seneca Falls Episcopal Church along with her husband in 1843, and remained a zealous and active church woman all of her life. Stanton was often frustrated by Bloomer’s refusal to condemn the church in The Lily for its unenlightened views on women and other reforms, but Bloomer believed in effecting reform within the framework of Christianity and would not attack the religious establishment, one of Stanton’s favorite targets.
Bloomer related how they once had a little “difference of opinion in regard to changing the constitution of the Women’s State Temperance Society, so that men would have equal rights therein. I did not favor this change when it was brought before the convention in 1853. Mrs. Stanton said ‘a’ but I did not say ‘b.’ She may have felt a little cool towards me over it.” Comments they made about each other in letters to friends seem to indicate that there was a subtle sense of rivalry between the two women, each trying to outdo the other as Seneca Falls’ resident feminist and foremost reformer.
Amelia Bloomer probably had the upper hand in the earlier years. As noted before, she and her husband were exceedingly active in village affairs and had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. It seems Amelia Bloomer was a member of almost every charitable and church organization available. She sewed clothes for the needy, opened her home to a number of orphans (the Bloomers had no children of their own), helped raise money for church improvements, and buttonholed inebriates on street corners to lecture them on their intemperance. Indeed, she appears to have been something of a busybody, freely insinuating herself into other people’s lives to make them do what she felt was best for them. One biographer described her as “earnest and argumentative, with little sense of humor . . . she never doubted the rightness of her ideas or the desirability of seeing them imposed, by force, if need by, upon others.” Even her husband, the quiet unassuming Dexter, had to admit that she “was deficient in the quality of humour and took life too seriously.” A contemporary expressed somewhat the same sentiments, saying she “had no particular advantages of education, nor was she naturally an intellectual woman or a woman of talent, but she possessed the gifts of untiring energy and industry.” An orphaned niece who lived with the Bloomers recalled how her aunt kept her always busy with baking, sewing, painting, or mending. She particularly remembered the daily stint at quilt making. “The stitches had to be perfect, or they were pulled out, and over and over the teary stitches to be sewed in again, which seemed worse than practicing the music the other two children at times wept over. I wasn’t praised. I was expected to make this perfect work.”
With a firm belief in the righteousness of her various causes, Amelia Bloomer set about reforming Seneca Falls the day she arrived. (She gave an impromptu temperance lecture at her wedding reception at the Fullers.) With her determined character and energetic habits, she was no doubt a familiar figure about the village. Until Elizabeth Cady Stanton arrived and began seriously lobbying for women’s rights, Seneca Falls’ female editor and postmistress was probably the most visible, if not tolerant, example of a women’s advocate in town. Stanton soon supplanted her as the main figure in the women’s cause after the 1848 Convention, creating the slight delicacy of feeling which apparently existed between the two women at times. Amelia Bloomer felt that she was providing the better practical example of women’s equality through her work at the post office and The Lily, while Elizabeth Cady Stanton felt that her work to develop a network and philosophy for the movement was ultimately more significant.
One issue on which both women agreed and with which Amelia Bloomer’s name has been indelibly linked, was that of dress reform. Although the topic was the subject of ridicule, dress reform for women was a serious issue in the 19th century. For many women, the then prevailing fashion of tight corsets, trailing skirts, and layers of petticoats was both a symbol of women’s degradation and a positive health hazard. Even the staunchest women’s rights advocate had to admit that it was foolish to argue for the right to follow any profession they wished, when the clothes they were wearing would have prevented them from performing the very jobs they were seeking. Except among some patients at isolated water cures, and a few daring bohemians, little had really been done to try to popularize dress reform in the early 19th century, and the phenomenal Bloomer Movement of the 1850s was more an accident than any preplanned strategy on the part of Amelia Bloomer.
Though the movement bore her name, Amelia Bloomer did not inaugurate the wearing of the “short dress” in Seneca Falls. As she always freely admitted, Elizabeth Smith Miller, the daughter of famous reformer Gerrit Smith, brought the outfit to the village in the winter of 1850-1851 while on a visit to her cousin, Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton described the dress as “somewhat in the Turkish style—short skirt, full trousers of fine black broadcloth; a Spanish cloak, of the same material, reaching to the knee; beaver hat and feathers and dark furs.” She was much impressed by her cousin’s freedom of movement and promptly made a similar outfit for herself. Stanton related in her autobiography that her cousin could walk with ease, even with her hands full, while she, Stanton, had trouble pulling herself up, even with her hands empty. This convinced her of the need for reform in women’s dress.
Amelia Bloomer, who just happened to be engaged in an editorial exchange of views on the dress reform issue with the Seneca County Courier when Elizabeth Miller and Elizabeth Cady Stanton first appeared on the streets in the new costume, felt that “having had part in the discussion of the dress question, it seemed proper that I should practise [sic] as I preached, and as the Courier man advised; and so a few days later I, too, donned the new costume.” A neighbor described Bloomer at this time as:
thin, almost meager, in her proportions, short, with a small head and a dark complexion; not at all a handsome woman, rather plain, on the contrary, . . . [but] she had a better figure for the dress than had Mrs. Stanton and looked better in the Bloomers than any other person I have ever seen wear them. For one thing she discarded the bonnet then universally worn and assumed a round hat, something like the sun and sea-side hats now worn! (See Illustration 10.)
Bloomer publicized her actions in The Lily and included engravings of herself in the outfit, but had no intention of creating a national stir. The various newspapers around the country picked up on the story and christened the new dress the “Bloomer Costume.”
Their interest in it was not because they supported dress reform, but because the new costume lent itself so readily to caricature. Hundreds of cartoons and articles appeared parodying and ridiculing the dress, and the women’s rights movement by implication. Many women around the country were intensely interested in the subject, however, and The Lily‘s subscription list exploded from 300 in 1849 to 4000 in 1853. Much of this support came from women wishing to learn more about the new dress, and asking where they might find patterns for it. The enormity of this public response caught Bloomer momentarily off guard, but recognizing that dress reform was obviously of great interest to thousands of women, she gave it hearty attention and coverage in The Lily. She wrote later that “at the outset, I had no idea of fully adopting the style; no thought of setting a fashion; no thought that my action would create any excitement throughout the civilized world, and give to the style my name . . . [had Elizabeth Miller] not come to us in that style, it is not probable that either Mrs. Stanton or myself would have donned it.”
Feeling that she had a public responsibility now to support the dress, Bloomer wore it exclusively for the next six to eight years. She began lecturing at this time on temperance and women’s issues, and always made it a point to wear the “short dress” for these presentations. Observing the huge crowds she attracted for these lectures across the state, an acquaintenance rather bluntly opined that “as she had not one requisite for an orator, either voice, manner, or anything particular to say, the whole attraction must have been the dress and the notoriety she had gained in wearing it.” Bloomer’s response to this comment was, “If the dress drew the crowds that came to the temperance meetings to hear women speak, it answered a good purpose.” Elizabeth Cady Stanton made some interesting remarks about the subject in a letter to Amelia Opie:
She [Bloomer] is evidently proud that this attire has been given her name. In fact, Mrs. Bloomer, who is very pious, is beginning to think that the dress is almost of divine origin and blames women who ‘dare to call down before herself the wrath of the Almighty for thus mutilating and destroying the work which came perfect from His hand.’ Of course I don’t go quite as far as this, but you must agree with me that take it all in all, Mrs. Bloomer and her little paper are, as you well say, ‘doing a good work. . . .’
In addition to her advocacy of dress reform, Bloomer intensified her involvement in temperance and women’s rights activities in the 1850s. As noted before, she began lecturing statewide on both subjects, and helped to form a woman’s state temperance society in 1852. She freely introduced the subject of women’s rights into her temperance lectures; a practice not all of her audiences appreciated. Answering criticisms on this score, she wrote in The Lily in 1853:
Some of the papers accuse me of mixing Woman’s Rights with our Temperance, as though it was possible for woman to speak on Temperance and Intemperance without also speaking of Woman’s Rights and Wrongs in connection therewith. That woman has rights, we think that none will deny; that she has been cruelly wronged by the law-sanctioned liquor traffic, must be admitted by all. Then why should we not talk of woman’s rights and temperance together?
In addition to talking about temperance and women’s rights together, it was Amelia Bloomer who was responsible for first bringing together Susan B. Anthony, then a staunch temperance fighter, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. These two women became the team that molded and spearheaded the women’s rights movement for the next 50 years. Bloomer and Anthony were already acquainted with one another through their temperance work, and in the spring of 1850, Anthony was staying at the Bloomer house while attending an antislavery lecture in the village. After the meeting, the two women waited on a street corner for Stanton to pass, at which time Amelia Bloomer made the necessary introductions. Bloomer later wrote, “Afterwards, we called together at Mrs. Stanton’s house and the way was opened for future intercourse between them. It was, as Mrs. Stanton says in her history, an eventful meeting that henceforth in a measure shaped their lives.”
Amelia Bloomer’s own life continued on its separate path with a hectic schedule consisting of post office duties, the editorship of The Lily, church work, lecture tours, and domestic responsibilities. In 1853, she and Susan B. Anthony travelled through the state with other feminist leaders on a highly successful speaking tour. Later that same year, she attended the National Woman’s Rights Convention in Cleveland, and then went on to lecture in Columbus, Indianapolis, Detroit, Chicago, and Milwaukee. In September, she attended an international temperance conference in New York City, and helped to organize the rival “Whole World’s Temperance Convention” when the women delegates were refused admittance to the original conference.
Late in 1853, the Bloomers decided to leave Seneca Falls, and move to Mt. Vernon, Ohio, where Dexter Bloomer had purchased an interest in the Western Home Visitor. As prominent members of the village scene, they were given a large send-off party in Union Hall organized by the Good Templars temperance society. Nearly five hundred persons attended the event, passing resolutions of regard and friendship for the couple, enjoying 10 tables full of refreshments, and dancing until the late hours of the evening.
The Bloomers remained in Ohio for two years where Amelia continued to publish The Lily, as well as provide editorial assistance to her husband’s paper. The Lily by this time had fully adopted a woman’s rights orientation, and Bloomer continued an aggressive campaign for the vote, equal educational opportunities, and alterations in the inheritance laws in its columns. She employed a vigorous and uncompromising writing style which left no doubt as to her views on these and other related subjects.
In 1855, the Bloomers moved again, this time to Council Bluffs, Iowa. The lack of printing facilities and poor postal connections on the frontier induced Bloomer to sell The Lily to Mary B. Birdsall of Richmond, Indiana. Birdsall, however, did not have Bloomer’s organizing talent nor her feminist orientation, and the paper soon went out of business. Various sources state the demise of The Lily in 1856, 1857, and 1858.
Though Bloomer continued to contribute editorials to The Lily, she became less active on the national scene once she had moved to Iowa. She was very active in state organizations, however, serving as President of the Iowa Woman Suffrage Society in the 1870s, and representing that state at the American Equal Rights Association meeting in New York City in 1869. It was also in Iowa that she finally abandoned the “short dress” after wearing it consistently and courageously for the previous seven to eight years. She wrote a friend her reasons for doing so:
After retiring from public life and coming to this land of strangers where I was to commence life anew and make new friends, I felt at times like donning long skirts when I went into society, at parties, etc., and did so. I found the high winds which prevail here much of the time played sad work with short skirts when I went out, and I was greatly annoyed and mortified by having my skirts turned over my head and shoulders on the streets. Yet I persevered and kept on the dress nearly all the time till after the introduction of hoops. Finding them light and pleasant to wear and doing away with the necessity for heavy underskirts (which was my greatest objection to long dresses), and finding it very inconvenient as well as expensive keeping up two wardrobes—a long and short—I gradually left off the short dress . . . .
There were other questions of greater importance than the length of a skirt under discussion at the time, and I felt my influence would be greater in the dress ordinarily worn by women than in the one I was wearing.
She lived out the remainder of her life in Council Bluffs, continuing very active in local temperance and church efforts. She was also heavily involved in relief work during the Civil War through the Soldier’s Aid Society of Council Bluffs which she founded. She died of a heart attack in Iowa in 1894 at the age of 76.
Along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Amelia Bloomer is Seneca Falls’ most acknowledged women’s rights advocate. It was through the columns of The Lily that many women first realized that there was indeed something inherently wrong in their position by custom and law. Bloomer provided an open, comfortable forum through which women could express and share their views, an opportunity not offered by the regular journals of the day. Without The Lily to act as their voice, the early women’s rights supporters would have had no way to regularly publicize and analyze their developing philosophy and concerns.
Amelia Bloomer’s life is also an important case history of how many women became involved in the women’s rights movement through earlier connections with antislavery or temperance causes. Almost every major figure in the movement began his or her career associated with the “acceptable” reform societies involving temperance or slavery. As the women began to see that they were not to be allowed to contribute to these causes as they wished, they began to realize that their position in society would make it impossible for them ever to utilize their full potential. Until their rights as women were secured, they were powerless to right the wrongs of others. Amelia Bloomer experienced this very process. Becoming interested in temperance work as a pious church woman, she soon grew impatient with the limited role she was allowed to play and took matters into her own hands with the publication of The Lily. Her increasing militancy on the women’s issue was simply the natural outgrowth of her thwarted attempts to effect change in other reform areas. This process repeated itself again and again with other individuals, thereby creating the resolute core of leaders who led the women’s rights movement through its earliest years.
Amelia Bloomer is commemorated together with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Sojourner Truth and Harriet Ross Tubman in the calendar of saints of the Episcopal Church on July 20. Her home at Seneca Falls, New York, known as the Amlia Bloomer House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Important Sources of Information and Suggestions for Further Research
1. The Life and Writings of Amelia Bloomer, Dexter C. Bloomer (Boston, 1895). This remains the best source of information on Bloomer, containing many quotes from her letters, speeches and editorials.
2. The Lily—The Seneca Falls Historical Society has a partial run available on microfilm. There is a complete run of all issues available at the Bird Library at Syracuse University.
3. Amelia Bloomer Collection—Seneca Falls Historical Society. In addition to the original manuscripts of some of Amelia Bloomer’s lectures, this collection contains a fair bit of information on her life in Iowa. There is little direct information from the Seneca Falls time period, but the later material does provide some clues as to Bloomer’s character and interests.
4. Bloomer’s Lily by Maria Temechko. A paper prepared in 1972 for the Seneca Falls Historical Society. A good short history of The Lily and the various causes it supported.
5. “The Lily—An Interpretation” by Warren N. Paul. A paper prepared for the State University of New York at Oswego. Copy at the Seneca Falls Historical Society. An examination of the development of the women’s rights orientation in The Lily.
1. Bloomer, Life and Writings, pp. 11-2.
Originally Published: National Park Service: Women’s Rights, https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/amelia-bloomer.htm
How to Cite this Article (APA Format): National Park Service. (n.d.). Amelia Bloomer – Publisher and advocate for Woman’s Rights. Social Welfare History Project. Retrieved [date accessed] from https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/biography/bloomer-amelia/ | <urn:uuid:b08f028c-9ef4-42af-8d4b-624dc223522d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/woman-suffrage/bloomer-amelia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500154.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204205328-20230204235328-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.981043 | 9,237 | 2.71875 | 3 |
5. Stewardship and Protection
The RVCA and its partners are working to protect and enhance environmental conditions in the Middle Rideau Subwatershed. Figure 56 shows the location of all stewardship projects completed in the Hutton Creek catchment along with sites identified for potential shoreline restoration.
Rural Clean Water Projects
From 2009 to 2014, three septic system replacements were completed. Between 2003 and 2008, two well upgrades, two livestock fencing projects, two fuel storage and handling facilities, two education initiatives, one septic system replacement and one clean water diversion were carried out. Prior to 2003, seven livestock fencing projects, one manure storage facility and one milkhouse wastewater treatment facility were completed. Total value of all 22 projects is $178,001 with $103,625 of that amount funded through grant dollars from the RVCA.
Tree Planting Projects
The location of RVCA Tree Planting Program projects is shown in Figure 56. From 2009 to 2014, 5,100 trees were planted at two sites. Between 2003 and 2008, 15,826 trees were planted at two sites and prior to 2003, 19,310 trees were planted at six sites, resulting in the reforestation of 20 hectares. Total value of all ten projects is $110,881 with $36,509 of that amount coming from various fundraising sources.
Through the RVCA Butternut Recovery Program, an additional 30 butternut trees were planted in the Hutton Creek catchment between 2003 and 2008, as part of efforts to introduce healthy seedlings from tolerant butternuts into various locations across Eastern Ontario.
Valley, Stream, Wetland and Hazard Land Regulation
The Hutton Creek catchment covers 62 square kilometres with 20.6 square kilometres (or 33 percent) of the drainage area being within the regulation limit of Ontario Regulation 174/06 (Figure 57), giving protection to wetland areas and river or stream valleys that are affected by flooding and erosion hazards.
Wetlands occupy 16.6 sq. km. (or 27 percent) of the catchment. Of these wetlands, 11 sq. km (or 66 percent) are designated as provincially significant and included within the RVCA regulation limit. This leaves the remaining 5.6 sq. km (or 34 percent) of wetlands in the catchment outside the regulated area limit.
Of the 85.4 kilometres of stream in the catchment, regulation limit mapping has been plotted along 47.5 kilometers of streams (representing 56 percent of all streams in the catchment). Some of these regulated watercourses (39.6 km or 46 percent of all streams) flow through regulated wetlands; the remaining 8 km (or 17 percent) of regulated streams are located outside of those wetlands. Plotting of the regulation limit on the remaining 37.9 km (or 44 percent) of streams requires identification of flood and erosion hazards and valley systems.
Within the regulation limit, “development” and “site alteration” require RVCA permission. The “alteration to waterways” provision of Ontario Regulation 174/06 applies to all watercourses.
Vulnerable Drinking Water Areas
The Hutton Creek drainage catchment is considered to have a Highly Vulnerable Aquifer. This means that the nature of the overburden (thin soils, fractured bedrock) does not provide a high level of protection for the underlying groundwater making the aquifer more vulnerable to contaminants released on the surface. The Mississippi-Rideau Source Protection Plan includes policies that focus on the protection of groundwater region-wide due to the fact that most of the region, which encompasses the Mississippi and Rideau watersheds, is considered Highly Vulnerable Aquifer. For detailed maps and policies that have been developed to protect drinking water sources, please go to the Mississippi-Rideau Source Protection Region website at www.mrsourcewater.ca to view the Mississippi-Rideau Source Protection Plan. | <urn:uuid:c9e1758d-392f-4669-b23a-38a625ac6c89> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://watersheds.rvca.ca/subwatersheds-reports/middle-rideau/catchment-reports-middle-rideau/middle-rideau-hutton-creek/stewardship-and-protection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500154.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204205328-20230204235328-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.940867 | 800 | 3 | 3 |
This is the first year of the current project to monitor the population status and distribution of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and bonytail (Gila elegans) in the lower Colorado River downstream of Palo Verde Diversion Dam and upstream of the Imperial Diversion Dam. In support of this study, a total of 5,935 razorback sucker and 4,491 bonytail were stocked into backwaters in La Paz Co., AZ and Riverside Co., CA from October 2016 through January 2017. All fish released were implanted with a 134.2-kilohertz (kHz) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. Twenty subadults of each species were implanted with short-term (3 month) acoustic telemetry tags to examine dispersal patterns immediately following release. Ten adult razorback sucker were implanted with longer-term (36 month) tags to examine dispersal over a longer period. PIT tag sensing units were used to contact PIT tagged fish and were set monthly from October 2016-April 2017 for 1-2 weeks. Submersible ultrasonic receivers (SURs) were dispersed throughout the backwaters and river channel to detect fish movement.
Up to 20 PIT tag sensing units were distributed throughout backwaters and the main river channel for five days during each month from October-April. Effort between February and April was increased in the river channel in attempt to identify spawning sites and contact individuals during spawning. PIT tag sensing units were deployed for a total of 14,011.5 hours in this first year of study and recorded 671 unique contacts – 277 bonytail, 383 razorback sucker, and 11 individuals with no database record.
Based on the Lower Colorado River Native Fishes Database, totals of 15,795 razorback sucker and 11,696 bonytail were released with 134.2 kilohertz (kHz) PIT tags into the Colorado River downstream of Palo Verde Diversion Dam between 2007 and May 2017. Deployment of remote PIT tag sensing units since October 2014 (SY 2015) has resulted in contact with 900 razorback sucker and 438 bonytail from these releases, but only 186 and 76 of these contacts
respectively occurred outside of their release site. The greatest number of days at large (DAL) for a PIT tagged bonytail was 548 days, released in September 2015. A razorback sucker released October 2007 had been at large for 3,500 days.
Based on year to year PIT tag sensing contact records, a razorback sucker population estimate for SY 2016 was 216 (95% CI 173 to 271) with 130 encountered in SY 2016 (marking period October 2015 through May 2016), 130 encountered in SY 2017 (capture period October 2016 through May 2017), and 78 encountered in both periods (recaptures). More than 90% of contacts used in the population estimate were recorded in A10.
SURs were distributed throughout the backwater and river channels to detect movement of individuals implanted with an acoustic tag. Opportunistic manual tracking in backwaters was conducted to provide additional movement information. The maximum dispersal distance recorded was 20.4 kilometers (km) by an acoustic tagged adult razorback sucker released in February 2017. The greatest dispersal distance by an acoustic tagged subadult bonytail was 2.31 km, released in January 2017. | <urn:uuid:f10e6e06-f19a-4fa3-972d-c268a36063c0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.nativefishlab.net/?p=1101 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500303.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206015710-20230206045710-00771.warc.gz | en | 0.963436 | 685 | 3.046875 | 3 |
We’re all living through a stressful period of change, uncertainty, and even hardship. That kind of stress can trigger mental health concerns and exacerbate existing mental and physical health conditions. That’s why one of the things I am focusing on in my practice right now is making sure that people have good coping skills necessary for self-care.
Self-care is simply the practice of taking an active role in protecting your well-being and happiness, in particular during periods of stress.
Here are some of the strategies for coping that almost anyone can use to feel better:
- Move your body. Physical exercise has a proven positive impact on physical and mental health. As some of us work from home, we’re getting a lot less physical activity in our daily lives. It’s important to be intentional about making time to move. Instead of sitting down and watching the news after work, grab your sneakers and take a walk. Or plan some movement at the beginning of the day or over the weekend. There are so many good, free exercise programs on YouTube that can help.
- Get consistent sleep and stick to a schedule. If you’re someone who has mental health concerns, getting adequate sleep can really help stabilize your mood. A consistent sleep and wake schedule is also good for overall well-being. Try to make sure that despite changes that may have happened to your schedule, you’re still going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
- Engage with supportive people. Connecting with others is so important. Instead of just texting a friend, call a friend. Set up a FaceTime or Zoom call. Because so many of us are at home, we’re not seeing people as we did before. Keeping up those social contacts is crucial to self-care.
- Learn to say no. As the world begins to open up, and we have more opportunities for engagement, we’re going to be asked to do more. You may even find yourself being asked to have late meetings or do other things that add stress right now. Being able to say no and have boundaries related to your time, goals, and priorities is part of making sure you are carving out time for self-care.
- Take a break. Self-care may look different than it did a year ago. Listen to your body and give it what it needs. If you don’t feel like pursuing your usual hobbies and interests, maybe you just need to take a chair and sit in the sunshine for 15 minutes. Find new ways to restore your body and refresh your mind.
- Consider therapy and be open to medication. Sometimes people think therapy has to be about deep-rooted childhood issues. A therapist can also help you explore what you need right now. A therapist can help you learn how to set boundaries in life so that you can make sure you’re getting what you need. It’s time to look into therapy when you’re having trouble functioning or are experiencing lasting distress. Telehealth is making the logistics around therapy easier. I also encourage people to understand that medication prescribed by a health care provider is a form of self-care. Medication can help balance your mood so that you can better care for yourself and manage daily stressors. I have worked with a number of people over the years who would have benefitted from medication, but did not believe in taking it.
Where should you start when self-care is not enough? You can talk to your primary care provider. You can access free mental health services. If you have insurance, you could also just look at the back of your insurance card. Usually, there is a number you can call for mental health care. And remember those supportive people in your life. Talking to a trusted friend or family member can help you take the first step when you don’t feel up to it yourself.
Your mental health plays an important role in your overall well-being. Find out more about how your mind works, and how to help yourself and your loved ones through emotionally challenging times at ibx.com/knowyourmind. | <urn:uuid:ace2d81b-25c2-4905-88b7-ae28c43e9c5b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://insights.ibx.com/facing-stress-self-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500303.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206015710-20230206045710-00771.warc.gz | en | 0.963364 | 847 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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Blaming the victim is a practice that is exhibited within society as a means of justifying racism, sexism and other forms of social injustices. Victim blaming has today become more noticeable in crimes of a sexual nature such as rape and assault, particularly when the victims of these crimes are adult women. It has been argued by many that if women choose to dress in a ‘provocative’ manner or purposely consume over their alcohol limit in public places, they are asking for sexual attention and are making themselves more vulnerable. As a result, they are partially or entirely responsible for any sexual crimes committed against them.
Psychologists, sociologists and some anthropologists have stepped forward and attempted to explain the reasoning behind the victim blaming phenomenon in a variety of different ways, including the ‘Belief in a Just World’ theory. The ‘Belief in a Just World’ theory states that people tend to harbour the view that bad things cannot happen to good people because the world we live in is fair and just. If bad things are happening to an individual then they must not be a good person and are therefore deserving of it. The sexualisation of our society and the sexual objectification of women in the media have also been cited as reasons for the victim blaming phenomenon. Women constantly being shown as objects of desire can encourage wider society to view them as such thus making sexual violence against adult women more acceptable. Lastly, our own cultural backgrounds can have an effect on how we view different concepts such as ‘modesty’, ‘gender roles’ and sex which in turn can affect the way we view sexual violence. For example if we are a part of a culture that values ‘modesty’, we may fall into blaming the victim if we deem her behaviour before the crime took place as ‘immodest’.
Despite all of this it is very important that we as individuals understand that our own thoughts and perceptions are not everyone else’s reality and will not apply to every single person in society. What we must agree on is the fact that nobody ever ‘asks’ for sexual crimes to be committed against them and we have to ensure that each and every single person who makes the CHOICE to carry out crimes of a sexual nature is held accountable. As stated on the Rape Crisis website, research has shown us that the majority of these individuals do not suffer from any forms of mental illness nor do they need psychiatric attention, they do not carry out these crimes to be sexually gratified but in fact, they carry out these crimes to exert control and confirm their power.
There is NEVER a situation that can justify or condone the use of sexual violence so the only person who should be made to accept responsibility is the perpetrator.
There are many negative effects of the victim blaming phenomenon being so prevalent in our society. The most damaging effect being that it causes the victim to take responsibility for the crime. By accepting responsibility the chances that the victim will then report the crime to the authorities significantly decrease. The British Crime Survey reported that 89% of rapes go unreported and up to 37% of victims do not actually tell anyone which can be linked to self-blame or the fear that others will reacts negatively towards them. Feminists argue that this devaluing of the rape victim is a form of what sociologists call secondary victimization. It is particularly high in societies where sex is seen as a taboo subject or has become a way people choose to express their ‘freedom’ and ‘liberation’ as supported by Katt Schott-Mancini’s statement “We live in a society where rape isn’t taken as seriously as it should be”. Not speaking to the police also means that they are less likely to seek medical or psychological help from doctors and counsellors which could be very detrimental to their physical and mental health. There may be underlying health issues such as sexually transmitted infections and not being able to speak about their traumatic experience can eventually cause severe forms of depression, anxiety and paranoia.
Here at the JAN Trust we offer a safe haven for women within the community to come in and seek advice and guidance on issues such as this. We aim to empower women by giving them the chance to overcome the barriers they are facing and work with other organisations to ensure that our service users are receiving the best possible support and care. If anyone is struggling with the issues highlighted in this post we encourage you to approach the JAN Trust for help. We are able to carry out needs and risks assessments and then refer victims on to organisations that will provide them with support best suited to their situation. | <urn:uuid:91a1f8e9-59ae-4683-8c4f-a1f18c8cb883> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://jantrust.org/blog/victim-blaming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500837.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208155417-20230208185417-00051.warc.gz | en | 0.969496 | 946 | 3.328125 | 3 |
How would you classify someone who is morbidly obsessed with rapid weight loss; easily rattles off the calorie count of any food;
spends more than 2 hours in the gym AND could be underweight? Health-conscious, overzealous, or someone who could have an eating disorder?
If you opted for the last one, you are possibly correct.
These are the classical feature of Anorexia Nervosa, an eating disorder that could cause someone to lose excess weight, more than it is considered healthy for their height and age.
People with this disorder may go to great lengths to diet, almost to the point of starving or exercise even if they are underweight.
It’s all in the mind
Shrouded under the cloak of an eating disorder, anorexia nervosa has a psychological element to it. People with anorexia may feel they are overweight although they could be dangerously thin.
Research has found eating disorders to be a confluence of psychological factors and personality traits. Even the society can be blamed for propagating a typical body image!
“ Anorexia primarily affects girls and women. A quarter of pre-adolescent anorexia develops in boys too.”
Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms
A person with anorexia usually displays these:
- Intense fear of gaining weight or getting overweight even when they could be underweight.
- Would have a body weight that is 15% below than what is considered normal for age and height. They would refuse to maintain it such even after advice
- Be obsessed with body image and shape. They often fail to recognize the ill-effects of excess weight loss.
The most telling signs about anorexia can be picked around the dining table as they try hard to limit food. Some of them are:
- Their food stays put in the plate longer. They could cut up foods into small portions and keep pushing them around.
- Exercising all the time even when the weather is bad, during illness or with a busy schedule.
- ‘Cooking’ up excuses to not eat.
- Wears baggy clothes to hide the body.
- Going to the bathroom right after meals to throw up the food just eaten.
- People with anorexia could be conscious of eating in the presence of others too.
- Bank heavily on pills such as diuretics (increased urination to reduce water weight), laxatives or enemas (for increased bowel movement) or diet pills that promise weight loss.
- Blotchy, dry skin that lacks color and luster due to nutritional deficiency diseases.
- Poor memory, slow thinking, confusion.
- Dry mouth.
- Extreme sensitivity to cold requiring many layers of clothing.
- Pale and frail appearance due to wasting of muscle and body fat.
- Loss of bone strength.
Seeking treatment is important
The biggest challenge in treating anorexia is highlighting the condition to the person for many could deny the condition. The goal for treatment is to normalize body weight and eating habits.
The treatment for anorexia is diametrically opposite to that adopted in weight loss. It includes weight gain of 1-3 pounds a week and a decrease in physical activity.
n addition, doctors suggest socialising and having a set discipline for eating.
- Anorexia nervosa. Medline Plus. Accessed on: 18/12/2015
- Eating disorders. American Psychological Association. Accessed on: 18/12/2015 | <urn:uuid:a176db1e-61e0-4fc1-b4d4-c6bb37ba2a9e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://possible.in/anorexia-nervosa-know-about-this-eating-disorder.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500837.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208155417-20230208185417-00051.warc.gz | en | 0.944475 | 735 | 2.71875 | 3 |
In this post, I will show you how to draw a jacket, I’ve included a video tutorial as well as written instructions so you can learn from scratch.
How To Draw A Jacket
Step 1 – Gather the materials needed like pencils, eraser, paper, and a ruler. It’s best to start this project with high quality materials, so choose materials that are easy to work with and that are dependable.
Step 2 – Begin by lightly sketching the outline of the jacket, making sure to take time to observe the jacket closely and accurately sketch it. If a ruler is used it should be used sparingly, because the finished jacket should look natural.
Step 3 – With the outline of the jacket still visible in the sketch, begin to add the details of the front, such as the pocket, zipper, buttons, and other details. It’s important to keep in mind the natural lines and shadows that are created by the curves of fabric, as this will help make the jacket look realistic.
Step 4 – Start to add the details to the collar and lapels of the jacket. If necessary, lightly draw a guideline for accuracy.
Step 5 – Sketch out the fur trim on the jacket with great attention to detail.
Step 6 – Add highlights and shadows to the jacket by filling in darker or lighter areas with pencil. It’s important to pay close attention to the natural shadows of fabric and fur, as these areas will help make the jacket look realistic.
Step 7 – Lightly shade the entire jacket with pencil. This should be done lightly, as shading the jacket too heavily will erase the details of the jacket.
Step 8 – Add details to the back of the jacket. This can include any details like a belt, pockets, or buttons.
Step 9 – Add the arm and sleeve creases of the jacket lightly with pencil.
Step 10 – Begin adding details of the fabric and fur of the jacket by lightly shading in areas.
Step 11 – Outline the remaining details of the jacket such as any stitching, buttons, and small logos.
Step 12 – Darken the outlines of the jacket slightly with the pencil and shade in certain sections for highlights, shadows, and texture of the fabric.
Step 13 – Add a wood grain texture to the buttons and stitching with pencil.
Step 14 – Lightly add shadows around the arms, lapels, and sleeve of the jacket.
Step 15 – Start to draw the fur trim around the collar and lapels of the jacket. This should be done lightly and carefully, as the fur trim is often the most interesting details of a jacket.Step 16 – Erase any pencil lines that shouldn’t be included in the final drawing.
Step 17 – Add final details to the jacket such as labeling, stitching, and zippers.
Step 18 – Carefully refine the jacket to make sure all of the details are exact.
Step 19 – Sharpen the lines of the jacket slightly with pencil and add more shadows and highlights to create depth.
Step 20 – Go over the jacket with a pen to give it a crisp, finished look, Once you have completed this process your jacket drawing should be complete. | <urn:uuid:7bcdd293-1bc8-4b8c-a95a-fce0d89eb2d7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://madisonjustifiedanger.com/how-to-draw-a-jacket-step-by-step-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494976.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127101040-20230127131040-00251.warc.gz | en | 0.916698 | 658 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The good news is that we are running a class called Buff Bones starting Friday 8th September at 11am with Sue Culley. Excercise and diet are critical in the maintenance of healthy bones.
Book online @ https://physiotherapyworks.ie/pilates/pilates-timetable/ or give us a call on 045-866075 Sept/Oct course €140
There is also a lot that you can do for yourself, including learning more about the condition, weight-bearing exercise and a healthy diet.
Osteopenia / Osteoporosis
Osteopenia is a term used to describe bone density that is somewhat lower than normal, but not low enough to be diagnosed as osteoporosis. A person with osteopenia is at high risk for developing osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition in which thinning bones become so fragile that they are prone to fracture easily. A person with osteopenia may benefit from treatment aimed at strengthening bone.
How Osteopenia Happens
At age 30, bones are as strong and dense as they will ever be. From 30 onwards bones begin to get thinner as we age. Womens bones are thinner to begin with and together with hormonal changes at menopause make women more liekly to develop osteopenia than men. Women, or men with osteopenia or osteoporosis, need treatment to help slow bone loss or help new bone form. The following healthy habits and treatments for osteopenia may strengthen bones and reduce fracture risk.
A Healthy Lifestyle
The best remedies for osteopenia are lifestyle habits everyone should adopt. If you have strong bones, a healthy lifestyle can help keep them that way. If you already have osteopenia, these same habits can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Exercise: Bones become stronger when you exercise. So exercise is very important. The best exercise for bones is weight-bearing exercise that forces your body to work against gravity. This includes walking, climbing stairs, and working with resistanec bands or weights.
Diet: Calcium and Vitamin D are important for strong bones. High-calcium foods include:
- Dairy products such as cheese, ice cream, low-fat milk, and yogurt
- Green vegetables such as broccoli and collard greens
- Sardines and salmon, with bones
When your skin is exposed to sunlight, your body makes its own Vitamin D. A few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Others, such as grains and milk products, are fortified with vitamin D. Good dietary sources of vitamin D include:
- Fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel
- Fish liver oils
- Beef liver
- Egg yolks
- Fortified breakfast cereals, juices, milk products, yogurt, and margarine
Smoking and drinking: If you smoke, it’s important to quit. Studies have shown a direct relationship between cigarette smoking and decreased bone density. Quitting smoking may help limit bone loss due to smoking. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation (no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men). Too much alcohol can interfere with the balance of calcium in your body and affect the production of hormones and vitamins that play a role in healthy bones. It can also increase your risk of falling, which could cause you to break a bone.
Cutting back on salt and caffeine: Both caffeine and salt may contribute to calcium and bone loss. To improve bone health, switch to non-caffeinated beverages, avoid soft drinks, check labels of packaged foods for sodium content, and remove the salt shaker from your table.
Drugs for Osteopenia
You may be prescribed medication to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis. Medications that may be used for osteopenia or prevention of osteoporosis in these cases include:
- Bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates are medications that slow the natural process that breaks down bone, which results in maintenance or a small increase of bone density. Bisphosphonates are the main drugs used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. This class of drugs includes Fosamax, Boniva, Actonel, and Reclast. Most bisphosphonates are taken by mouth, usually once a week or once a month. Reclast is given by injection, usually once a year.
- Hormone replacement therapy. Once a popular therapy for preventing bone loss, hormone replacement therapy is rarely used for that purpose anymore, because it has been found to increase the risk for deep venous thrombosis (blood clots in the leg), pulmonary embolus (blood clots in the lung), and other health problems. Sometimes, if hormone replacement has been helpful for easing a woman’s menopausal symptoms, her doctor may recommend continuing it for bone loss, too. If you are considering hormone replacement therapy to prevent osteoporosis, speak with your doctor about the potential risks.
- Parathyroid hormone. Forteo, a portion of hormone made by your parathyroid glands, is the first agent to stimulate the formation of new bone. It is approved for women and men and is given daily by a shot beneath the skin.
EXERCISE FOR OSTEOPAENIA AND OSTEOPOROSIS
Exercise treatment can do three important things:
- Prevent fractures
- Stop further bone loss and
- Increase your bone density
Exercise treatment should include both balance and weight bearing exercises
1.Balance exercises prevent falls. If you do not fall, you are far less likely to suffer a fracture. We lose about 1% of our balance every year after the age of 35. By the time you reach age 65 you will have lost 30% of your natural balance and by age 80, close to half your balancing ability will be gone UNLESS YOU PRACTICE BALANCE EXERCISES on a regular basis. Age related loss of balance is the main reason why elders fall, and if those who fall have osteoporosis or osteopaenia it is an increased risk for a broken bone.
- Weight bearing exercises. Weight beraing exercise is what stimulates Osteoblasts, the cells that build new bones. Weight bearing exercises should be done at least 3 times a week.
Points to consider as you build your bone density exercises plan:
- Osteoblasts, the bone cells that make new bone, respond to increased stress on our bones. Different parts of the body are stressed by different exercises so if you can incorporate different types of exercises weekly. Such as walking, riding a bicyle with resistance, climbing stairs and weight or resistance band exercise.
- If you are lifting weights / using theraband for strength training, rest one or two days between sessions. Your muscles need time to recover.
- Remember it is stress on the bone that stimulates the osteoblasts. When lifting weights, the best bone density exercise is to lift a weight heavy enough that you can only do 7-8 repetitions. Use a resistnace band that is hard enough.
- Lift SLOWLY. Try to lift each weight to a slow count of eight up and then down to a count of eight down. Slow lifting is the key to stronger bones.
- It is normal to feel a bit sore the next day…or even on the third day. But you should not feel real pain either when you lift or after your exercises. If you are feeling pain, go back down to a lower weight and lift slowly until your muscles strengthen.
6. Finally, you can practice one very important exercise every day in the privacy of your own home. Get up from your chair without using your hands every time you rise from a chair.
If you would like to book into the Buff Bones class with Sue Culley from Friday 8th September at 11am please call us on 045-866075 or book online @ https://physiotherapyworks.ie/pilates/pilates-timetable/
Blog by Fran Theron MISCP, Physiotherapy Works, Millennium Park, Naas, Co. Kildare 045-866075 | <urn:uuid:221b4574-e23c-4bd5-a110-6c03cc3c281e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://physiotherapyworks.ie/can-combat-osteoporosisosteopenia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494976.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127101040-20230127131040-00251.warc.gz | en | 0.930957 | 1,722 | 3.125 | 3 |
What Does Construction Contractor Mean?
A construction contractor is a firm or an individual that completes construction projects on a contractual basis.
The contractor is hired directly by builders or third-party employers to provide independent professional services. These services are typically rendered as part of a per-project contractual agreement with the hiring firm, or through an agreement to provide a specific service for a given duration of time.
Safeopedia Explains Construction Contractor
Construction contractors allow the hiring firm to procure workers who have the skills to safely carry out and complete specialized work. The hiring firm may need contractors in order to compensate for their lack the expertise or manpower.
Firms classified as construction contractors can include single-person businesses, small firms, and multinational firms in the “engineering, procurement, and construction” (EPC) industry.
The General Contractor
One of the key figures in a complex construction project will be the general contractor. This is the contractor responsible for hiring any necessary subcontractors and coordinating the services they provide.
General contractors are sometimes also known as prime contractors, main contractors, or principal contractors.
Construction is a high-hazard industry that carries a higher incidence of injuries and fatalities when compared to most other industries. This is such a major concern for employers that contractors will often use their safety record as a prominent selling point.
The use of contractors often results in complicated employment relationships. The jobsite can host the builder's employees, the contractors that the builder has hired, and the subcontractor that those contractors have hired in turn.
When safety incidents involve contractors, the responsibility and liability for them generally falls on joint parties. When construction contractors are involved, both the hiring firm and the contractor bear responsibility. In the case of incidents involving subcontractors, the responsibility falls on the subcontractor and the general contractor responsible for hiring them.
Benefits and Risks
When it comes to workplace safety, hiring construction contractors presents both benefits and risks.
On the one hand, entrusting the work to competent contractors can ensure that it is carried out by well-trained workers who can carry out the work safely and may be more likely to complete it on schedule.
On the other hand, contracting workers means bringing people on the job site who are not directly under the builder's control. While employers should do their due diligence in hiring contractors, it is ultimately the general contractor that selects the subcontractors who will do some of the work.
Project owners may transfer significant liability for safety risk to a general construction contractor - so long as they exercised sufficient due diligence when fielding prospective contractors.
Prime contractors are responsible for work outlined in their contract and for the work they delegate to subcontractors. They will also be held liable for accidents that occur in the work overseen by them. All subcontractors also retain some level of responsibility for the safety of their own workers even after the client has hired their firm.
Although both employers and contractors may face fines, charges, and lawsuits due to injury or death stemming from unsafe practices, violations are more likely to target the employer or general contractor. They hold direct responsibility for ensuring that all on-site workers comply with applicable safety legislation. | <urn:uuid:b1b9cc16-ee45-40d7-8f28-8e6bd8b8fbca> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.safeopedia.com/definition/7312/construction-contractor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494976.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127101040-20230127131040-00251.warc.gz | en | 0.951748 | 650 | 2.921875 | 3 |
|Classification||Electronic musical instrument, synthesizer|
|Inventor(s)||Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation|
|Tronichord, autoharp, keytar|
The Omnichord is an electronic musical instrument introduced in 1981 by the Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation. It typically features a touch plate known as "Sonic Strings", preset rhythms, auto-bass line functionality, and buttons for major, minor, and 7th chords. The most basic method of playing the instrument is to press the chord buttons and swipe the Sonic Strings with a finger in imitation of strumming a stringed instrument. The Sonic Strings may also be touched in one place to create a single note. Originally designed as an electronic Autoharp, the Omnichord has become popular, due to its unique, chiming, harplike timbre and its value as a kitsch object.
Suzuki introduced the Omnichord along with the Tronichord, renamed the Portachord on some units, in 1981. The latter never reached full production, but both instrument share many technical and functional similarities. Omnichords feature preset rhythm patterns with tempo and volume control, as well as an auto-bass line feature, which the player can combine to use as a musical accompaniment. The Omnichord's most unique feature is the Sonic Strings strumplate, that allows the player to 'strum' arpeggios like a guitar. Several later models of the Omnichord added MIDI compatibility, a greater selection of sounds for the Sonic Strings, vibrato, and chord memory, called Chord Computer.
The OM27 was the first Omnichord model, released in 1981. It was capable of playing 27 chords, and early models required a rubber plectrum to play, though later models featured an updated strum plate. The OM27 was a commercial failure, so Suzuki released the OM36 and OM84 in 1984, also called the System One and System Two, respectively. The naming convention was originally meant to convey the number of chord types the model can produce, with OM36 prototypes only being able to play 36 chords, however the OM36 and OM84 production models can both play 84 chord types. The OM84 was the first model to feature an onboard Chord Computer, a feature that allowed the user to record a sequence of chords which could be played back as accompaniment.
In 1989, Suzuki release the OM100 and OM200M, which replaced the OM36 and OM84, adding updated sounds, an angled strumplate for more comfortable playing, and an optional strap for standing performances.
The OM200M additionally introduced a MIDI output port, allowing the user to control other MIDI-equipped devices using the Omnichord. The OM150 and OM250M offered refreshed sounds, and the OM300 released in 1995 offered the features of the OM250M but with more updated sounds.
Suzuki released the Qchord QC1 in 2005; it features more modern versions of the original Omnichord's features such as PCM sampled sounds, and more rhythms. The Qchord additionally features both MIDI input and MIDI output ports.
Sound and features
The Omnichord was primarily designed as an accompaniment instrument instead of a melody instrument, an ideal way to accompany a singer with basic rhythms and the ability to easily play chords with little music theory knowledge.
The Omnichord has three main sound generators:
- A percussion section that plays rock, waltz, slow rock, Latin, foxtrot and swing rhythms, with adjustable tempo and volume.
- A chord generator providing different triad and seventh chords, either as organ-like chords or walking bass. The original OM27 was only capable of playing 27 different chords, but later models allow 84 different chords.
- A Sonic Strings section producing an arpeggio or isolated notes from a chosen chord over a 4-octave span, played using the touch strip. The notes played on the touch strip are always in tune with the chord button currently selected. Later models featured a selection of different voices for the Sonic Strings, including vibes, brass, organ, guitar and banjo.
Later models feature a chord sequencer in a Chord Memory section that would allow the user to record up to 51 chords in sequence and play them back automatically or via a footswitch.
- David Bowie played an Omnichord in his performance of Simon & Garfunkel's "America" for The Concert for New York City in 2001.
- Damon Albarn of Gorillaz used an Omnichord for the beat of "Clint Eastwood".
- Brian Eno used an Omnichord on "Deep Blue Day" as well as a live performance of "Miss Sarajevo" with Luciano Pavarotti and Bono in 1995.
- Daniel Lanois is an Omnichord user, having employed it on his own solo work (such as his debut album Acadie) and on U2's 1987 album The Joshua Tree.
- Joni Mitchell played an Omnichord on "The Only Joy in Town" from the album "Night Ride Home".
- "Love Is a Stranger" by Eurythmics features chords and Sonic Strings from the Omnichord.
|OM27||1981||Original model with 27 chord types.|
|OM36||1984||also called System One. Can play 84 different chord types.|
|OM84||1984||also called System Two. Can play 84 chord types and first to feature onboard Chord Computer.|
|OM100||1989||Entry model replacing OM36.|
|OM200M||1989||Premium model replacing OM84. Adds MIDI Out (denoted by the 'M').|
|OM150||1994||Replaces OM100 with an updated sound engine.|
|OM250M||1994||Replaces OM200M with an updated sound engine.|
|OM300||1995||Replaces OM250M with updated sounds.|
|Qchord QC1||2005||Contained new digital sounds and featured MIDI In and MIDI Out.|
- Hills, Bruce (2 June 1982). "Device converts the musically illiterate into instant maestros". The Deseret News.
- Renwick, Chris Jenkins writing as John (December 1989). "Omnichord (MIC Dec 1989)". Micro Music (Dec 1989): 48–49.
- "Exploring the toylike world of the Suzuki Omnichord". faroutmagazine.co.uk. 13 February 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- "Suzuki Omnichord OM36 and OM84". suzukimusic.co.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- Orensten, Evan (20 December 2007). "Suzuki Omnichord". Cool Hunting. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- "What is an Omnichord?". ABC Hobart. 23 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- Ellis, David (May 1982). "Suzuki Omnichord (EMM May 1982)". Electronics & Music Maker (May 1982): 18.
- "Toy Gear that We Love: the Suzuki Omnichord and Casio SK-1". reverb.com. 16 December 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- "When David Bowie took on a Simon & Garfunkel classic". faroutmagazine.co.uk. 13 March 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- Gerber, Brady (20 October 2020). "The Best, Worst, and Weirdest of Gorillaz, According to Damon Albarn". Vulture. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- Graham, David A. (26 May 2016). "Finding the Magic: The Secrets of Daniel Lanois". The Atlantic. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- "Suzuki Europe Ltd". suzukimusic.co.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- "Joni Mitchell – Night Ride Home". jonimitchell.com. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- "Vintage Rewind: Suzuki Omnichord". MusicTech. Retrieved 14 October 2022. | <urn:uuid:bded42d6-39f0-419e-bfc1-176b8b842180> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnichord | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499646.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128153513-20230128183513-00331.warc.gz | en | 0.901966 | 1,800 | 2.828125 | 3 |
NOW YOU KNOW: GREEN SEA TURTLES
One of my favorite things about diving in the Caribbean is the incredible variety of sea life. On most dives I can spot everything from Reef sharks and Eagle rays to Moray eels and lobster, but every day I always find myself swimming with the Green sea turtle and it's just as majestic every time!
Green sea turtles are commonly found where turtle grass grows, and lucky for us that is a 10 minute boat ride from St. Thomas Diving Club over to Buck Island's Turtle Cove. On the daily, hundreds of tourist will come to snorkel over the turtles and watch them feeding before getting up close and personal while they swim up to the surface for air. What's even better than that? Looking at them in the eye as you're scuba diving! The turtles are used to people, but they are a protected species so it is VERY important to remember NEVER TOUCH the green sea turtles, yet that also goes for ALL marine life!
Photo left: Cassandra
Photo right: Jimi
Unique characteristics about the Green Sea Turtles:
Did you know the green sea turtles are not named for the color of their shell but for their greenish tint of skin? Unlike other turtles, the Green sea turtle can not retract its head into its shell.
Green sea turtles use their lungs to store oxygen and help control their buoyancy, during the day the turtles will come up to the surface at about 15 minute intervals, but at night they can bring their heart rate down allowing them to hold their breathe for almost 5 hours at a time.
They have 4 lung chambers, so you will usually find them coming up to the surface 4 times to take a breath that fills each chamber. As the turtles move their flippers, it pumps the oxygen into the lungs for storage.
The Green sea turtles have a special organ next to their eyes called salt glands which constantly pumps the salt out of their bodies.
Again, the Green Sea Turtles are a protected species and it is VERY important to NEVER TOUCH THEM!
Happy Diving! :) | <urn:uuid:4d3a9a3e-7e3e-40a5-b997-c65e0b236374> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.stthomasdivecenter.com/single-post/2017/03/26/now-you-know-green-sea-turtles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499646.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128153513-20230128183513-00331.warc.gz | en | 0.956023 | 431 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Butternut squash with pale orange skin and a bright orange interior is a form of winter squash. Both skin and flesh are hard and firm, and much like an elongated pear, it is shaped. Like pumpkins and zucchini, butternut squash is a part of the Cucurbitaceae family. Here are some Butternut Squash Health Benefits.
Squash is among the oldest known crops dating back 10,000 years to Mexico and America. The name squash, which means uncooked or eaten raw, comes from the Native American word askutasquash.
Butternut squash tastes fairly mild, somewhat sweet, and somewhat nutty. Its flavor may remind you of a cross between a carrot or turnip and a sweet potato.
A serving of butternut squash is 1 cup. With nothing added, it has:
- 63 calories
- 0 grams of fat
- 16 grams of carbohydrates
- 2.8 grams of dietary fiber
- 3 grams of sugar
- 1.4 grams of protein
- 6 milligrams of sodium
One serving of butternut squash for vitamins and nutrients is filled with:
- Over 100 percent of your daily requirement vitamin A
- Almost 40 percent of your daily requirement of vitamin C
- About 15 percent of your daily requirement of magnesium
- Around 18 percent of your daily requirement of potassium
- Roughly 5 percent of your daily requirement of calcium
What Butternut Squash can do for you
It’s a great hydrator. One serving of butternut squash is roughly 87 percent water, which can help keep you hydrated.
It’s good for your immunity. Like other orange-colored fruits and vegetables, is butternut squash full of beta-carotene and alpha-carotene. They are converted to vitamin A by your body, which is essential for your immune system. This is an Amazing Butternut Squash Health Benefits.
It’s excellent for your eyes. Butternut squash has lutein and zeaxanthin, also found in yellow fruits and vegetables as well as eggs. Along with beta-carotene and vitamin A, They protect your eyes from ultraviolet rays.
Keep in mind that your body needs a bit of healthy fat to best absorb these eye-benefitting nutrients, so try eating butternut squash with a little drizzle of olive oil.
It is a good fiber source. Foods that are rich in dietary fiber will help keep your weight in balance and reduce your risk of cancer. Research shows that the risk of colorectal cancer can be decreased by consuming butternut squash.
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Last month, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a 3-day workshop: "Optimizing care systems for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities." During this workshop, expert panelists, including myself, expressed a shared concern regarding the lack of accreditation standards when educating healthcare professionals to care for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Low accreditation standards for professional healthcare education programs are contributing to health inequalities that negatively impact the health of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, a population that is still not officially considered to be medically underserved. When health professionals don't understand how to care for people with disabilities, it promotes bias in healthcare. As a result, patients with disabilities lose trust in medical care, which can put their lives at risk.
The Impact of Low Accreditation Standards
On Dec. 14, 2021, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission updated its COVID-19 technical assistance with a new section, in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), to protect workers who contract COVID-19. These guidelines were set because the impact of COVID-19 on the mind and body can meet the ADA's definition of a disability. While this disability qualification is important for the fair protection of workers with COVID-induced disabilities, the link between COVID-19 and intellectual disabilities remains underrecognized.
Considering that the second-highest risk factor for COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths is intellectual disability, equitable healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities is especially important during the ongoing crisis. Unsurprisingly, persons living at the intersection of disabilities with racial and ethnic minority identities are experiencing even worse health outcomes related to COVID-19.
A major social determinant worsening these health inequities for patients with disabilities is the limited knowledge and competencies of nurses and physicians, the two largest groups of healthcare professionals.
Higher Accreditation Standards Are Good for Health
In the U.S., one in four adults have disabilities, comprising the largest minority group in the country. In addition, one in six children in the U.S. have developmental disabilities. With almost 85% of adults and 96% of children visiting a medical professional each year, healthcare providers should be better equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide high-quality healthcare to all persons with disabilities.
Accreditation standards help to improve patient health outcomes because accreditation creates a set of quality standards for the education of healthcare professionals and allows healthcare students to transfer credits between institutions of higher learning. Accreditation standards are also important for access to federal and state funding, as well as private insurance.
Who Sets Accreditation Standards?
To be sure, accreditation bodies do exist for the education of healthcare professionals specific to their fields of study. For example, in medicine, there is the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). In nursing, the most well-known accreditors are the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the National League for Nursing (NLN). The NLN has also partnered with Villanova College of Nursing to develop the "Advancing Care Excellence for Persons with Disabilities." This free program can be used by nurse educators to teach nursing students proficiency in disability care -- although the program is not required for accreditation.
Yet, the lack of accreditation standards for disability education in medicine and nursing continues, despite legal and other advocacy efforts.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) passed in 2010. Section 5307 of the PPACA is specific to "cultural competency, prevention, and public health and individuals with disabilities training," and requires that the Secretary of HHS collaborate with health professional societies, licensing and accreditation bodies, the disability community, and others to develop, evaluate, and disseminate disability curricula for inclusion in health professional training.
While the National Council on Disabilities is still pressing for accreditation standards, alliances and partnerships continue to build momentum for higher-quality disability education. Currently, Medical Students with Disabilities and Chronic Illnesses is spearheading an effort to have specific language included in LCME accreditation standards. Furthermore, Core Competencies on Disabilities for Health Care Education, a project that is building consensus on the competencies healthcare providers need to provide quality care to people with disabilities, has been developed to improve health education curricula.
The Role of Collaboration
Collaborative and robust planning models can improve education standards when training healthcare professionals who care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Take, for example, the ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) Autism program in Missouri. The ECHO Model is a cross-sector effort that democratizes expertise and disseminates best practices to clinicians, educators, and advocates. Tele-mentoring provided by the ECHO Autism virtual learning network helps to improve the skills of primary care providers by providing interdisciplinary expertise from parents and medical and behavioral health professionals. ECHO Autism also offers real-time, localized connection to experts. As a result, the ECHO Model increases access to healthcare for underserved populations with autism.
It's time for accrediting bodies to get just as serious about developing higher accreditation standards to educate nurses and physicians. Additionally, accreditors could use the Collective Impact Model to create a shared agenda and measurement system to determine the impact of accreditation. By following the design of the Collective Impact Model, leaders in healthcare professional education can build trust and strengthen communication amongst participants and stakeholders to meet the goal of training healthcare professionals to better serve the disability community.
Accreditation standards that improve healthcare professional education will promote better health outcomes for persons with disabilities. Innovative models like ECHO prove the impact of meaningful collaboration between healthcare professionals, practice partners experienced in the field of disabilities, and disability advocates. But, most importantly, the disability community, particularly those with expertise in health advocacy, should be lead consultants when developing curricula language and programming specific to the medical needs of persons with disabilities.
Sarah Ailey, PhD, RN, is professor of nursing at Rush University and a Public Voices Fellow of the OpEd Project. She is the principal investigator for the PATH-PWIDD (Partnering to Transform Health Outcomes with Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities) program funded by the Administration for Community Living, and the President of the Alliance for Disability in Health Care Education. She is also the mother of an adult son with intellectual disabilities. | <urn:uuid:f1c49f34-856d-460f-abcd-03cc32e671fd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/second-opinions/96768 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499768.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129211612-20230130001612-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.947273 | 1,288 | 2.96875 | 3 |
We all wish we could have peace all the time, but a funny thing - life happens. In this climate of close quarters, high stress, and divisiveness, these skills can help you more than you know. Whether it’s friendship issues, political views, or parent-child struggles, here are 5 things to do when you find yourself in an atmosphere of disagreement and even judgment.
1. Pay Attention To Your Emotions:
When there is tension between you and others, if others are taking a tantrum, consider what brought them into that state? Rough day, feelings hurt, scared of the future –what might be going on within them? Say someone is in a foul mood, you might not know that their partner just lost their job; all you see is the angry behavior. How to handle it? If they are loud, be calm if you can – make a decision not to be triggered. If they are escalating in their tone or attitude, remember one word – DISENGAGE. That means walk away – “We'll pick this up later, when we have a chance to cool down – it’ll be better.” You always have that choice.
On another level, if YOU are feeling angry or upset at someone, start with yourself - reflect on why. What is really pushing your buttons? Consider, are you trying to control a situation, a person’s views, or their behavior, all of which are not within your control? Is there a power struggle in the making? What exactly is triggering to you? When you’re aware of it, you can decide how to handle it.
2. Plan A Time To Talk
instead of exploding or imploding – you’ve got to manage the energy you bring into a room and have a plan. With a plan, your brain is moving out of the reactive amygdala into your pre-frontal cortex where you can make decisions. Energy is like a boomerang – if you send out anger and disdain, then that comes right back to you. Others feel it too, and send you back more of the same.
SO…if you send out a sincere wish to help each other get through this or at least agree to disagree, people feel that too, and it can shift their state. Don't have your conversation in the heat of the moment. You might say, “I really want to talk with you, and I know how busy you are – what’s a time when you have some breathing room?” You’ll both be more cool-headed.
3. Prep The Conversation:
Come from wanting to ease the situation instead of convincing the other person that you are “right.” Take some ownership at the get-go: “Sorry I’ve let this escalate as much as it has – I’ve wanted to talk with you, but I really don’t like confrontation. We both know that this is uncomfortable, so I appreciate your willingness to talk – let’s try to be civil to each other and figure this out together.” How does that sound? The real problem is not that you both disagree it’s that you are not giving each other the permission to have your own distinct viewpoints. Remember, you can agree to disagree and still get along.
4. How You Talk Matters: tone of voice and ground rules
Consider a conversation like, “I want to be able to hear where you’re coming from, I want you to know where I’m at, AND we’re probably not going to change our views. That’s not the point of this... but maybe we can give each other more space to have our own views. Let’s plan it out – we can each talk, and the other person will not interrupt- just listen, then have their turn. What do you think?"
5. Show up as your highest self, because it’s usually not personal
In most cases, if someone else has pent up emotion, it probably is not against you personally – maybe they are angry with themselves. People are often angry about being angry. Angry people are usually hurt people, with fears, frustrations, and bruised egos. Most often, their lashing out is not personal. Have you noticed that the people who are usually critical of others are also (overtly or secretly) critical of themselves? Take a breath and ask yourself how would my best self handle this? Perhaps not blaming, perhaps speaking with empathy, and looking at the situation through the lens of love?
Can you look at them as a baby in diapers acting out, wanting to get their own way? As a kind parent, you’ll set some boundaries, while you make sure they feel seen and heard.
Bonus: express gratitude that you could talk to each other. You can allow them to be who they are, and not get trampled as a result. You both can disagree and be OK that every individual has the right to their own perspective. Address and speak to their highest self, their essence, their spirit, not to how they were socialized. That’s the sign of a true friend!
Enjoy this free video series to get you going with greater clarity and confidence.
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*You'll also be the first to get the latest strategies to inspire your most fulfilling life. | <urn:uuid:1ddc3283-2e2e-4d8e-a151-82596b916a09> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.randytaran.com/blog/5-ways-not-to-lose-it-when-you-dont-agre | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499842.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131023947-20230131053947-00491.warc.gz | en | 0.971015 | 1,122 | 2.546875 | 3 |
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Embedding a Racial Equity Perspective in the Positive Youth Development Approach
This brief explains how programs that use a Positive Youth Development (PYD) approach can embed a racial equity perspective so that they can more effectively engage with, support, and meet the needs of youth and young adults of color whom they serve. The brief also presents an example of using PYD under the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s Generation Work initiative, a workforce training model for young adults, and includes highlights on some of the ways in which Generation Work is embedding a racial equity perspective in its practices.
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- Education and Training
- Special Populations
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Lazy evaluation means that expressions are not evaluated when they are bound to variables, but their evaluation is deferred until their results are needed by other computations. In consequence, arguments are not evaluated before they are passed to a function, but only when their values are actually used.
Non-strict semantics allows one to bypass undefined values (e.g. results of infinite loops) and in this way it also allows one to process formally infinite data.
When it comes to machine level and efficiency issues it is important whether or not equal objects share the same memory.
A Haskell program cannot know whether
2+2 :: Int and
4 :: Int are different objects in the memory.
In many cases it is not necessary to know it,
but in some cases the difference between shared and separated objects yields different orders of space or time complexity.
Consider the infinite list
let x = 1:x in x.
For non-strict semantics it would be ok to store this as a flat list
1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : ...,
with memory consumption as big as the number of consumed
But with lazy evaluation (i.e. sharing) this becomes a list with a loop, a pointer back to the beginning.
It only consumes constant space.
In an imperative language (here Modula-3) the same would be achieved with the following code:
TYPE List = REF RECORD next: List; value: INTEGER; END;
VAR x := NEW(List, value:=1); BEGIN x.next := x; END;
Thus, lazy evaluation allows us to define cyclic graphs of pointers with warrantedly valid pointers. In contrast, C allows cyclic graphs of pointers, but pointers can be uninitialized, which is a nasty security hole. An eagerly evaluating functional language without hacks, would only allow for acyclic graphs of pointers. | <urn:uuid:312dc9fe-b749-46cc-8b20-3c0ca3823cf5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://wiki.haskell.org/index.php?title=Lazy_evaluation&oldid=59510 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499919.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201081311-20230201111311-00571.warc.gz | en | 0.908845 | 400 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Repatriation: To send back to one’s own country.
Repatriation has been defined as the act of making amends for a wrong. According to Black’s law dictionary, 9th edition 1325. It is a compensation for an injury or wrong especially for wartime damages for a breach of international obligation. It seeks to mitigate harm caused because of a loss of opportunity and compensate the claimant for the loss caused.
Restitution, on the other hand is quite similar to repatriation as they both involve the idea of restoration but it is more concerned with recovery as opposed to compensation for the loss suffered. The relief granted to the original owner of the property is usually measured in view of the loss suffered by the owner and not the unjust enrichment of the other party.
Nigeria has recently been involved in negotiations for the return of its cultural items/artworks acquired during the colonial era through force of arms and deception. In 2014, the Boston Globe reported an arrangement by the Museum of Fine Arts to return eight (8) Nigerian artifacts that were illegally taken to the United States some decades ago.
The Benin bronzes which were carted away by the British Government in their punitive expedition of on Benin City in 1897 are on the verge of being repatriated back to Nigeria from Germany. Germany has the second-largest collection of Benin bronzes in the world and has agreed to return over two thousand bronzes back to the country to be housed in a new museum in Benin City, Nigeria by 2022.
With respect to cultural heritage, repatriation is a key concept that must be practiced when unjust enrichment occurs to or loss is suffered by one party.
Cultural heritage as defined by the United Nations is the mirror of a country’s history, thus lying within the very core of its existence, since it represents not only specific values and traditions, but also a unique way a people perceives the world.
Cultural heritage is incredibly vital in any community or nation in that it is not just ornamentally significant but also economically relevant in the global antiquities market. Therefore, the current move by the German government to restore the Benin Bronzes to the rightful owners seems to be a highly commendable one and to be emulated by other nations with respect to illegal possession of another country’s cultural heritage.
A few laws and international conventions have been enacted which seek to prevent prohibit and prosecute illegal importation of cultural artifacts. These include the 1970 UNESCO Convention (on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property); The 1954 Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property also known as the Hague Convention; The 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illicitly Exported Cultural Objects. The only thing that seems to be an issue is the fact that the laws are not retroactive and do not therefore ratify any transaction make before the enactment of the conventions. Other sources of international law with respect to cultural heritage are the Resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly and agreements between nations or regions.
There are however some arguments in existence that seek to validate the lack of repatriation of lost artworks to their original homes. The first is the idea that cultural heritage belongs to all mankind because each group of persons makes cultural contributions to the culture of the world, therefore, it does not matter the current location of the property as long as it is preserved and put on a platform that the whole world can see it. This belief is called cultural internationalism and is predicated on the poverty or ignorance of the owner nations to properly preserve or treat the fragile art works from the effects of natural decay and damage. The result is usually that the nation in possession of the property is usually unjustly enriched from the property at the expense of the rightful owners and that it would be highly difficult for the people who own the cultural artifact to have access to it compared to the country that has taken it.
The second argument is based on cost, specifically litigation cost. Depending on how valuable the cultural property, it is argued that it would cost a lot of money and resources for the source nation (especially if it’s a developing nation) to see to it that the artifacts are brought back. With respect to litigation, it would be relatively expensive to fund and almost impossible to get witnesses to prove what goods were stolen or where exactly they were stolen from seeing as the expatriation occurred somewhere around the 19th century.
As it stands now, there is an ongoing controversy in Nigeria as to where the received Bronze artifacts are to be returned. The Oba of Benin, the Edo state government and the Federal Government of Nigeria have all laid claims to the Benin Bronzes. Key lessons can be taken from the case of Peru v. Johnson, the government of Peru claimed that it was the legal owner of the artifacts seized by the United States Customs Service. The court held that there was no direct evidence that the items came from what is now modern day Peru because the Peruvian culture as at the time of the seizure spanned not only Peru as it is now but also some of the territory that is now Bolivia and Ecuador.
In conclusion, the move to repatriate African art is a highly commendable one by the German government but it should be noted that the exact location for the artifacts to be returned to is crucial to the entire repatriation process as seen in the aforementioned case otherwise the repatriation would end up being forfeited due to the disputing claims from various parties.
- Klesmith, Elizabeth A. (2014) “Nigeria and Mali: The Case for Repatriation and Protection of Cultural Heritage in Post-Colonial Africa, “Notre Dame Journal of International Cooperative law”. Vol 4. Iss. 1, Article 1.
Available at http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjicl/vol4/iss/1
- Larry Mayor Alton Jones, Repatriations, Restitution & Transitional Justice
- Black’s Law Dictionary, 9th edition 1325
- Government of Peru v. Johnson, 720 F. Supp. 810 (C.D. Cal. 1989)
- Chitty on Contract, London Street & Maxwell, 1632 (2004) | <urn:uuid:19c4d61c-3b33-4df9-9776-e8c05a33cf11> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://legalnaija.com/legal-issues-concerning-the-repatriation-of-benin-bronzes-aoc-solicitors/adedunmade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500028.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202133541-20230202163541-00651.warc.gz | en | 0.96134 | 1,298 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Some years ago, officials at the Kruger National Park and game reserve in South Africa were faced with a growing problem; too many elephants in the park. A plan was devised to relocate some of the elephants to another African game reserve. During the moving process it was discovered that transporting the females and babies was easier due to the large size of the males. So they left the older males behind. A few years after the transport something strange started to happen, the juvenile males were becoming aggressive and violently killing other animals in the new park. It was chaos.
After much research, it was discovered that the absents of the mature bull elephants was the culprit. Quickly they flew in male role models and the bizarre and violent behavior of the juvenile elephants stopped completely in weeks. The mature bulls let the young males know their behaviors were not acceptable . In a short time, the younger elephants were following the older and more dominant bulls around while learning how to be mature elephants.
Fathers, just like the juvenile elephant our children follow and learn how to live from us. Our children need to hear about the good things we saw and heard that caused us to be honest, work hard, and respectable. They need to know some of our “When-I- was-a-child…” stories. They will believe what they see and hear. Their beliefs, convictions and general outlook on life are formed and nurtured in the home, for better or worse. Children are innocent, inexperience, void of understanding, and neutral in disposition. They are prisoners of the environment we create or allow. They are dependent!
Life will do us no favors nor accept excuses for our children. The principles of life don’t change for the age or time. Teach them that a good person chooses to think good thoughts, not to say profaned words, do good deeds, go to good places, hang with good people, and find reasons not to fight. Remember your actions speak louder than your words.
Fathers and older men, it is our job to stand up and lead our juveniles to effective living for today and tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:667ccd66-2d9e-4dc1-8ceb-65042195187a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.lifeversation.com/blog/fathers-stand-up | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500028.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202133541-20230202163541-00651.warc.gz | en | 0.971545 | 444 | 2.90625 | 3 |
With temperatures dipping and snow falling, it's tough to get outside for a bit of exercise.
But, our internal batteries run on sunlight and when we get too little of it, things start to break down.
One of the main systems affected is in our brain - our circadian rhythms.
Although the urge to hibernate during the winter months may be strong, humans aren't really meant to stay in darkness for months at a time. We need sunlight - if we get too little of it, we become more stressed out and exhausted.
It also affects our sleep and digestion cycles in a negative way.
Lots of people suffer from depression in the winter months too and some actually have Seasonal Affective Disorder during these cold months.
Sunlight raises levels of serotonin in the brain. This is the feel-good chemical. In the winter, many of us are indoors for a good part of the day during a time when sunlight levels are already at their lowest.
So you can imagine the detrimental effect this has on mood. Too little sunlight also affects energy levels, alertness, and overall brain function.
- Force yourself to get outside for a few minutes every day, even if you have to bundle up a little bit.
- Use your time outside as an opportunity to practice mindfulness. This can raise dopamine levels in the brain. Leave the phone at home and focus on your experience.
- Consider taking a walk in the woods. Researchers have learned that "forest bathing" can decrease stress hormones and increase proteins that fight cancer.
- Please see your doctor if your feelings of depression are severe. Some people are more affected by Seasonal Affective Disorder than others. | <urn:uuid:33291dbd-1b8d-4e5a-9ccd-0fca81a27248> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.wxyz.com/news/health/ask-dr-nandi/ask-dr-nandi-the-importance-of-getting-outside-during-the-winter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500074.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203185547-20230203215547-00731.warc.gz | en | 0.951653 | 341 | 3.71875 | 4 |
How do civil liberties and civil rights compare and contrast with one another
Subject: Business / Management
Assignment: You will prepare a 3-4 page paper for your instructor discussing the following questions. A page is considered 300 words. The paper will include a title page, research page and follow APA format.
• How do civil liberties and civil rights compare and contrast with one another?
• Describe how the Supreme Court has used the Fourteenth Amendment to expand coverage of the Bill of Rights to the states. Discuss changing conceptions of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
• List the categories under which the Supreme Court may classify “speech.” Explain the distinction between “protected” and “unprotected” speech and name the various forms of expression that are not protected under the First Amendment.
• Describe the test used by the Court to determine if government policy violates the First Amendment’s “Establishment Clause.”
• How did the Supreme Court justify that Americans have a fundamental right to privacy?
Develop a response that includes examples and evidence to support your ideas, and which clearly communicates the required message to your audience. Organize your response in a clear and logical manner as appropriate for the genre of writing. Use well-structured sentences, audience-appropriate language, and correct conventions of standard American English. | <urn:uuid:8c6caf8b-1ee5-499c-a879-3f67fa37faf8> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.applewriters.com/civil-liberties-civil-rights-compare-contrast-one-another/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500334.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206082428-20230206112428-00011.warc.gz | en | 0.911238 | 282 | 3.5 | 4 |
The Smart Villages Initiative aims to provide policy-makers, donors, and development agencies concerned with rural energy access with new insights on the real barriers to energy access in villages in developing countries and how they can be overcome. This report aims to give an overview of the links between electricity access and education through a review of the literature in this area. It will serve as a starting point to inform the activities of the Smart Villages Initiative in relation to energy and education. While this report focuses on electricity in schools, it is recognised that energy for other purposes such as cooking, hot water, and (in some regions) space heating, also plays an important role in improving educational quality.
- Education features very highly in both the UN Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals.
- Whilst progress is being made, there are still huge gaps in terms of educational outcomes in developed vs. developing countries.
- Within developing countries inequalities exist between rich and poor, and rural and urban.
- Collectively 188 million children attend primary schools that are not ‘connected to any type of electricity supply’, meaning almost one out of every three go to a school without electricity (based on about 660 million children being enrolled in primary school worldwide) (UNDESA, 2014).
- Energy can make a key contribution to improved education and educational access in rural areas. However, it is one part of the solution with multiple and diverse challenges faced by rural schools.
- Off-grid renewable energies can play a key role in school electrification. | <urn:uuid:d4a65397-ca91-4e7e-bbfa-feafa2c565b5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://e4sv.org/technical-report-13/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500619.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207134453-20230207164453-00091.warc.gz | en | 0.958114 | 310 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Last July, Mumbai celebrated the opening of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link, a bridge to connect the island city of Mumbai with its surrounding western suburbs. This feat of construction was built not just to connect two points of land separated by water, but to provide a shortcut around unbearably congested city streets.
The Sea Link is a symbol of the explosive growth in car travel in recent years. This growth is a result of more people, more cars, and more frequent and longer trips. With rising incomes and introduction of low-cost cars, the trend appears set to continue. So what does this mean for the city thirty years from now? Today, the city is crippled by congestion even though only about 5% of trips are made by car. What happens when that figure doubles? What would happen if Mumbaikars drove cars as much as, for example, their European counterparts? And how would this growth impact carbon emissions?
These are some of the questions the Centre for Sustainable Transport in India (CST-India), a member of the EMBARQ Network (the producer of this blog), tried to address in a recent study, which I presented last month at the TRB Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. (See my Powerpoint presentation here, or at the bottom of this post.) The study considered how CO2 emissions from passenger travel would increase under three different future scenarios, focusing on the Indian cities of Mumbai, Ahmedabad, and Surat. Each scenario imagines a different set of policies that cities would adopt to influence how people travel. For example, in the “Two-Wheeler World” scenario, cities would encourage the use of motorcycles through tax incentives and strategic street design. The analysis then considers how those policies—combined with trends of population growth (including continued in-migration to cities), rising income, longer travel distances, and better fuel efficiency—would influence CO2 emissions.
The magnitude of the results is striking (but of course the magnitude of everything in a megacity like Mumbai can be striking.) For example, under the “Automobility Ubiquity” scenario—in which the city builds roads to accommodate cars and fails to invest in public transport—CO2 emissions would increase by 20 times in by 2040. Even under the “Sustainable Urban Transport” scenario—in which cities build transit, encourage walking and cycling, and promote efficient land use—emissions would increase nearly five-fold.
This seems like a huge increase—and it is—but a look at per capita emissions puts it in some perspective. Under the worst-case scenario (“Automobility Ubiquity”), the average amount of CO2 produced by each person annually would increase from 0.1 tons in 2005 to 1 ton CO2 in 2040 . Compare that with the United States, where today each person is responsible for 2.5 tons of CO2 per year from travel.
Perhaps the most obvious result is the disparity in emissions levels between the various scenarios. This disparity, however, points to the great potential for urban policy to positively influence carbon emissions.
It’s clear that Mumbai and other cities need to act now realize a sustainable future scenario: we need to invest in transit, encourage walking and cycling, and promote land use planning that is consistent with transport goals. These are not new concepts, of course, but studies like this remind us of the magnitude of the challenge and the urgency to act. | <urn:uuid:0e2ea64e-3214-45fc-9784-321b9c4d5d7a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://thecityfix.com/blog/want-a-sustainable-future-act-now-to-curb-automobile-ubiquity-in-mumbai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500619.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207134453-20230207164453-00091.warc.gz | en | 0.948772 | 714 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Part 1: In1-2paragraphs (per question), answer the following questions in answer and question format:Unions can play a vital role in improving working conditions for workers in a globalized economy. From the Bowes readings, please describe two ways unions can improve working conditions in the agricultural industry.In your research on agricultural workers what realities of their lives you found most disturbing about their working conditions. Please be specific and cite your source.Please identify two reasons agricultural workers leave their homeland to work in the fields of American agricultural for low pay. Is it possible that free market competition benefits big corporations and undermine local farmers in Mexico?Please explain the how the working conditions described in Bowes book related to trade policy like (NAFTA).Part 2: Intwo pages,write an explaining the labor conditions that unions improved based on the readings and your individual research.Address the sources of challenges and opportunities (e.g. profit motives by corporations, nationality and gender bias, lack of citizenship rights of migrant workers, and legal rights to unionized or lack thereof).Please provide resources as required by APA standards.
https://mynursingpaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cropped-155972031988413967-1-768x146-1-300x57.png 0 0 admin https://mynursingpaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cropped-155972031988413967-1-768x146-1-300x57.png admin2021-10-20 23:34:592021-10-20 23:34:59assignment 2
mynursingpaper.com is a unique service that provides guidance with different types of content. Please rest assured that the service is absolutely legal and doesn’t violate any regulations | <urn:uuid:00ebf52b-f416-4335-b93e-4101aabfb109> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mynursingpaper.com/assignment-2-18/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500904.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208191211-20230208221211-00171.warc.gz | en | 0.903698 | 391 | 3.28125 | 3 |
At one time, an approach called cap and trade was seen as a potential solution for reducing the United States’ greenhouse gas emissions. This process was seen as an open-market alternative to proposed carbon taxes. Of course, in the end, neither plan passed national muster. However, cap and trade has become an East Coast success through a regional program that’s been trading carbon allowances for just over a decade and is on a path to expand over the next year. And now a number of participating states have launched an effort to adapt cap and trade to the transportation sector, which could help speed electric vehicle adoption in the region.
Cap and trade is a pretty straightforward concept. Regulators set a cap on total emissions that is gradually reduced year-over-year. Emitters, such as the operators of fossil-fuel-fired power plants, are granted a set number of allowances every year that count toward their total annual emissions. They are then required to make up any difference between those allowances and their actual total emissions by buying more allowances through an auction process.
At a high level, this is how the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) has operated across nine states since it began running auctions in 2009. Those states—Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont—will be joined by New Jersey (an original member that pulled out in 2011) in January 2020. The Democratic governors of Pennsylvania and Virginia are now pushing efforts that could see those two states joining RGGI in the next several years.
While cap and trade was the language of choice when state environmental planners first began outlining how RGGI might work back in 2003, the phrase “cap and invest” is more frequently heard today. This switch emphasizes the fact that proceeds from the emissions-allowance auctions are returned to the participating states to boost their own energy-efficiency and renewable-energy investments. An October 2019 RGGI report notes that in 2017 alone member states shared $315.6 million in auction proceeds.
RGGI has meant more than cash for participating states. They have also seen a 47% drop in carbon emissions from power plants, according to a September 2019 report from the Acadia Center, an environmental research and advocacy group with offices in multiple locations in the northwest United States. This decline has outpaced emissions reductions in the rest of the United States by 90%. And, countering the argument that enforcing emission reductions limits economic growth, RGGI states’ economies grew by 46.9% from 2008 to 2018, versus 35.8% for the rest of the country, minus California. (California was left out of this calculation because it has established its own cap and trade program with the Canadian province of Quebec, which is an arrangement now facing a court battle with the Trump administration.) Additionally, electricity prices in member states have fallen by 5.7%, while such costs have risen by 8.6% in others.
Now, many RGGI member states are teaming up in an effort that could boost the fortunes of electric vehicles in the region. The Transportation Climate Initiative, which includes the existing RGGI lineup (minus New York) and adds Pennsylvania, Virginia and the District of Columbia, is hoping to drive down vehicle emissions resulting from gasoline and diesel fuels.
Nationally, transportation, which includes trains, planes, trucks and automobiles, is the largest single contributor of greenhouse gas emissions by making up 29% of U.S. totals. In some of the current RGGI states, however, that percentage is much higher. In Massachusetts, for example, transportation represents nearly 40% of total emissions because the state has no coal-fired plants and is heavily dependent on lower-emitting natural gas generation for its electricity.
Called the Transportation Climate Initiative (TCI), the plan would work similarly to RGGI. In this case, fuel suppliers that transport gas and diesel in the region would hold and trade emission allowances based on caps that have yet to be set. Their emissions would be based on the greenhouse gases, and the fuel they sell could be expected to produce when used in cars and trucks. As with RGGI, excess allowances could be auctioned and traded, and the total cap would be ratcheted down over a period of years.
The financial impact on drivers—along with the revenue sizes returned to the states for investment in low-carbon transportation options—will depend on where the cap is initially set and how quickly member states start dialing it down. In Massachusetts, Gov. Charlie Baker’s administration estimates the sale of allowances could total $150 million, i.e., $500 million per year for the state. That money could go to a range of investments, including electric vehicle and charger rebates, building out commercial charging networks, and boosting public transit funding. As to consumer costs, TCI planners have estimated drivers could see a 10-cent rise for every gallon of gas. This is in line with a similar program in California targeting refinery emissions that has raised gas prices by about 13 cents per gallon. | <urn:uuid:0ee5369c-1190-450c-b95a-1d5129261e8d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.ecmag.com/magazine/articles/article-detail/green-building-cap-and-invest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494986.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127132641-20230127162641-00371.warc.gz | en | 0.965161 | 1,037 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Ongonig Projects - towards large-scale cellular agriculture
Supporting one person’s demand for beef is known to be 40 times more resource intensive than producing the equivalent amount of crops required. Even though meat production already utilizes 70% of world’s agricultural land, the demand for meat is rapidly increasing due to population growth and dietary change.
Emerging and industrialized economies alike are placing a heavy toll on the environment with factory farming activities contributing heavily to deforestation, water shortage and climate change. The resulting food supply insecurity is already being felt by general consumers in certain resource-poor countries.
To resolve these issues and defend our world’s rich culinary cultures, citizen scientists of Shojinmeat Project develop DIY-bio clean meat recipes and other cellular agriculture product prototypes by open source while spin-off startups (the first being Integriculture Inc.!) help bring the recipes to industrial scale.
The biggest technological hurdle in the muscle cell culture making process, as well as scaling this technology, is cost.
To this end, Shojinmeat Project currently focuses on developing cheap culture medium and making the cell culture process more efficient.
Left: Aggregate of muscle cells cultured in our low-cost culture medium
Right: Cultured meat prepared by student volunteers - ...overcooked.
Liver cells is also a food ingredient, but compounds secreted by liver cells are known to help muscle cell culture. However, conventional culture media needed to culture 100g of liver cells costed ~$400,000. Such extreme cost is also hindering research in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
We have reduced this cost to ~$4000 by culturing in a system that mimics in vivo process. By also using our serum-free medium, we may have further reduced this figure to $600. We are currently checking the reproducibility, repeatability and such.
We are also experimenting on the ultimate goal - muscle cells. Some of the results were published in a "fanzine" booklet written by our student volunteer.
Making culture media cheap
Much of the current cost of cultured meat (~$100/g) comes from culture media. We currently target to reduce this by triple digits. It is clear that such figure is unattainable if we rely on minor improvements to current method. A radically different approach is needed.
Standard cell culture media consists of essential media, foetal bovine serum (FBS), and growth factors. FBS is expensive and also susceptible to contamination with CJD prions. An FBS-free medium is desirable, or needed.
Our preliminary investigation between Aug.-Oct. 2015 demonstrated the effectiveness of our serum-free medium. This alone has cut the cost to 1/6. We are aiming for further cost reduction by using alternative essential medium and making growth factors cheap or even unnecessary.
Cultured meat production needs efficient muscle cell culture process.
Conventional cell culture use petri dishes where cells grown in one layer on the flat bottom. If one can culture cells in the height direction too through the use of a cellular "scaffold" containing micron-sized porus structures, the efficiency may multiply more than 100-fold. Such is called "tissue engineering".
The most immediate application of tissue engineering is medicine, but it can be used to construct meat texture. The scaffold can give texture too - a soft scaffold material makes soft texture, and hard scaffold for hard texture. We believe these methods would give culinary diversity to cultured meat.
"Shojinmeat Project" aims to make cultured meat cheaper by 4~5 digits, by combining the above two - cheap culture media and efficiency improvement.
"Cellular agriculture" falling between medical science and food science (image courtesy of New Harvest)
"Cultured meat" has 2 pressing issues. One is "cellular agriculture" not being established as a discipline, and the other is religious and cultural uncertainties.
"Cellular agriculture" mean production of agricultural products by cell culture technology. The closest existing analogues are beer, yoghurt, soy sauce and other "bioengineered" food products. The only difference is that "cellular agriculture" would use cell culture to obtain raw ingredient.
The problem is, cell culture technology is mostly found in medical field and not in food industry. The entire field of cellular agriculture is trapped between medicine and food science, without recognition, expert or research funds.
For religious and cultural uncertainties, the debates are already on due to cultured meat's huge potential impact on culinary culture and life ethics. Starting from Vedic period India in 1500 B.C., civilizations in Asia have long been engaged in philosophical questions of eating meat. "Shojinmeat Project" may potentially fit in the context of this long philosophical quest.
"Shojinmeat Project" will continue to establish "cellular agriculture" as a discipline and engage in public communications over "food by cell culture."
"Shojinmeat Project" is currently self-funded. Although not 100% sufficient, we have some income from our art division "SCIGRA", which produces scientific visual contents, such as illustrations, rendering, video and 3D models for visual, VR/AR and 3D printing applications. SCIGRA's service is primarily in Japanese, but we take orders in English language too (We have a number of past works in English with foreign research staff in Japan.). Please support "Shojinmeat Project" through placing orders in "SCIGRA". | <urn:uuid:d1fac8b0-91eb-495e-bcc9-cc18d576ca55> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://animescience.wixsite.com/shojinmeat/projects-cu4d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499790.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130003215-20230130033215-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.937694 | 1,147 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Children exposed to gestational diabetes in utero have reduced physical activity and fruit intake compared with children not exposed to gestational diabetes, according to study results published in Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.
The results indicated that improving lifestyle habits among children exposed to gestational diabetes can prevent poor adiposity values.
The study included children aged 2 to 14 years, 105 of whom had been exposed to gestational diabetes (mean age, 5.9 years; 50.5% boys) and 38 who were unexposed (mean age, 6.8 years; 42.1% boys). The researchers used two 24-hour dietary recalls to assess vegetable and fruit intake. Accelerometers were used to measure physical activity and sedentary time. They also used questionnaires to assess the children’s screen and sleep time. The researchers measured weight, height, and waist circumference and used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to assess body composition.
Compared with children who were not exposed to gestational diabetes, children exposed in utero had lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity practice (P =.043) and fruit intake (P =.02). Sedentary time, screen time, and sleep were similar between groups.
Among children with an unhealthy lifestyle (meeting 0-2 lifestyle recommendations), those who were exposed to gestational diabetes had a greater percentage of fat mass (P =.021) and android fat mass (P =.02) compared with those who were not exposed in utero.
For children exposed to gestational diabetes, those with a healthy lifestyle (meeting 3-4 lifestyle recommendations) had lower percentages of fat mass (P =.053) and android fat mass (P =.071) compared with those with an unhealthy lifestyle.
“The adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, through increased consumption of vegetables and fruit, increased duration of physical activity and sleep time, and reduced duration of screen time, could represent a promising approach to prevent deteriorated adiposity values among this high-risk population,” the researchers wrote.
Bélanger M, Dugar C, Perron J, et al. Association between lifestyle habits and adiposity values among children exposed and unexposed to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(5):2947-2952. | <urn:uuid:a069ca15-09f9-45c3-9ef8-a24c618a02d9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/home/topics/pediatric-endocrinology/comparing-diet-and-exercise-according-to-gestational-diabetes-exposure-in-utero/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499790.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130003215-20230130033215-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.947814 | 487 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Stories & Reflections
By Paulo Coelho
Mahatma Gandhi fought all his life, and succeeded in freeing India from English rule. When he was told that he was one of the greatest names in all Universal History, he replied:
“I have nothing new to teach the world. Truth and non-violence are as old as the hills. All I have done is practice them on a far vaster scale that seemed possible to me. In doing so, I made some mistakes and learned from my mistakes.
“Those who believed in the simple truths I proclaimed, can only spread them if they live in accordance with them. I am absolutely convinced that any man or woman can achieve what I did, if he makes the same effort and nurtures the same hope and faith.
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