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Empagliflozin Attenuates Arterial Dysfunction in Aged Mice
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels. It's usually associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood clots. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke.
The arterial system is composed of a branching network of elastic conduits (aorta) and high resistance vessels (small arterioles and capillaries), which constitute a hydraulic filter converting the intermittent output from the heart into steady capillary flow. The arterial pulse waveform is derived from the complex interaction of the left ventricular stroke volume, the physiological properties of the arterial tree (arterial compliance), and the viscous properties of blood.
Vascular aging contributes to the age-dependent rise in hypertension and atherosclerotic disease. Aging in itself confers a greater risk for the disease than the conventional risk factors such as lipid levels, smoking, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle. In the larger elastic arteries there is increase in collagen content, covalent cross linking of the collagen, elastin fracture, and calcification and reduction in the elastin content with aging. There are also changes in endothelial function, wall thickness media to lumen ratio, and arterial stiffness with aging.
Endothelium changes arterial structure and function by producing vaso‐active substances like nitric oxide (potent vasodilator) and endothelin (potent vaso‐constrictor and procoagulant). With age, endothelin production increases and nitric oxide production decreases. This favors a pro‐coagulant state and promotes vascular smooth muscle growth. In disease states such as hypertension and diabetes this sequence is exaggerated causing an increased risk of CV events.
Compliance is a functional property of the artery and it reduces with age as mentioned earlier. Compliance is defined as the unit change in volume induced by a unit change in pressure. The age related increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) is greater compared with the increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Reduced compliance causes earlier return of the reflected wave and this wave arrives in systole rather than diastole and causes a disproportionate rise in systolic pressure and increases PP. This increases cardiac workload and reduces coronary flow in diastole.
An FDA-approved drug to lower blood sugar in adults with Type 2 diabetes also may decrease blood vessel dysfunction associated with aging, according to a new study from the University of Missouri School of Medicine. Researchers initially examined the role aging plays in human blood vessel function and stiffness. Then they evaluated how treatment with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin (Empa) improved blood vessel function and reduced arterial stiffness in aged male mice.
Evidence from different clinical trials demonstrates that inhibition of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) results in decreased cardiovascular events and CVD-related mortality in both patients with and without diabetes. Indeed, while SGLT2 inhibitors were originally designed as glucose lowering agents, growing evidence supports their beneficial, non-glucose lowering dependent, renal, and cardiovascular effects. In particular, the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (Empa) has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes.
However, the extent to which the favorable cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are translatable to aging remains unknown. Given the above, the potential impact of SGLT2 inhibition on aging-related endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and remodeling warrants investigation. Herein, we first confirmed in a cohort of adult human subjects that aging is associated with impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness and that these two variables are inversely correlated. Next, we investigated whether treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor, Empa, for 6 weeks ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and reduces arterial stiffness in aged mice with confirmed vascular dysfunction. Complementary experiments were also performed in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells treated with Empa.
The aging-related increase in aortic diameter and reduction in shear stress occurs in parallel with endothelial dysfunction and changes in arterial wall composition, two major contributors to aortic stiffening. SGLT2 inhibition for 6 weeks reduced thoracic aorta stiffness when compared with controls. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibition decreased internal aortic diameter and significantly increased mean shear rate compared with the control group.
Oxidative stress has been associated with the genesis of aging-related endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness. Here, the researchers show that SGLT2 inhibition results in lower plasma MDA levels compared to controls. They then examined known sources of reactive oxygen species. No difference in aorta mitochondrial function was found between cohorts. However, the proteomic analysis identified 192 proteins that were differentially expressed in the aortas of Empa-treated mice. Among them, unbiased ingenuity pathway analysis detected top expression changes in signaling pathways involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and connective tissue disorders. Of particular interest, the researchers found that SGLT2 inhibition resulted in downregulation of key proteins (0.285-fold change in xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase expression) and pathways involved in reactive oxygen species biosynthesis.
The findings of the present investigation provide evidence that aging-related endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening are significantly ameliorated in a mouse model of aging upon treatment with SGLT2 inhibition. Specifically, a 6-week treatment with Empa resulted in greater eNOS phosphorylation and downregulation of vascular P-cofilin, F-actin, and expression of proteins associated with production of reactive oxygen species. Even though the impact of aging on vascular expression and function of SGLT2 are still unclear, the current findings stimulate the need for further clinical investigations to determine the potential role of SGLT2 inhibition as a therapeutic tool to delay or reverse vascular aging. Finding alternative approaches to treat and prevent CVD-related death in older individuals will be crucial as the population of adults aged 65 years and older is expected to grow an additional 44% by 2030.
More about sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, are a class of medications that alter essential physiology of the nephron; unlike SGLT1 inhibitors that modulate sodium/glucose channels in the intestinal mucosa. The foremost metabolic effect appears to show that this pharmaceutical class inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and therefore lowers blood sugar. They act by inhibiting sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2). SGLT2 inhibitors are used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Apart from blood sugar control, gliflozins have been shown to provide significant cardiovascular benefit in T2DM patients. Several medications of this class have been approved or are currently under development. In studies on canagliflozin, a member of this class, the medication was found to enhance blood sugar control as well as reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Sodium Glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) are proteins that occur primarily in the kidneys and play an important role in maintaining glucose balance in the blood. SGLT1 and SGLT2 are the two most known SGLTs of this family. SGLT2 is the major transport protein and promotes reabsorption from the glomerular filtration glucose back into circulation and is responsible for approximately 90% of the kidney's glucose reabsorption. SGLT2 is mainly expressed in the kidneys on the epithelial cells lining the first segment of the proximal convoluted tubule. By inhibiting SGLT2, gliflozins prevent the kidneys' reuptake of glucose from the glomerular filtrate and subsequently lower the glucose level in the blood and promote the excretion of glucose in the urine (glucosuria).
The mechanism of action on a cellular level is not well understood. Work is underway to define this mechanism as a prodiuretic with great promise. However, it has been shown that binding of different sugars to the glucose site affects the orientation of the aglycone in the access vestibule. So when the aglycone binds it affects the entire inhibitor. Together these mechanisms lead to a synergistic interaction. Therefore, variations in the structure of both the sugar and the aglycone are crucial for the pharmacophore of SGLT inhibitors. | <urn:uuid:3a4a7597-0ffa-4b05-958b-351fb525b3ae> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.smolecule.com/posts/empagliflozin-attenuates-arterial-dysfunction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500056.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203122526-20230203152526-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.925071 | 1,978 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Noxious weed invasions represent a major threat to the productivity of rangelands, and in the U.S., invasive plants occupy over 100 million acres of rangeland estimated to cause $5 billion in annual losses.
“We need to understand what factors promote invasion, so that those factors can be targeted for developing means of control,” said Emily Farrer, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology in the Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.
Over the next four years, Farrer will use a $455,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to determine how noxious weeds in California may use microbes and pathogens to facilitate invasions and harm native forage grasses. She will also look at how drought could play a role in altering invasion dynamics.
“Invasion by some noxious weeds can reduce rangeland forage production by up to 90%. This can lead to losses in livestock production, which provides significant economic security, particularly for rural communities.”
Emily Farrer, assistant professor in the Tulane School of Science and Engineering
“Invasion by some noxious weeds can reduce rangeland forage production by up to 90%,” Farrer said. “This can lead to losses in livestock production, which provides significant economic security, particularly for rural communities.”
Farrer said losses in livestock production are ultimately passed on to consumers in the form of higher supermarket prices.
Farrer said her study will focus on two key factors that likely impact plant invasions in the California rangelands—rainfall and microbes. She will specifically focus on how rain and microbes affect invasion by the noxious weed Medusahead, a grass that is not palatable to cattle and is spreading rapidly across California and the western United States.
She and her team will use field survey and field experiments manipulating rainfall and microbes to enhance invasion. They will generate a large database of microbial associates of Medusahead and desirable forage grasses, and then create, isolate and grow microbes to further study their function.
“This work will identify the rainfall conditions that promote Medusahead invasion, which will be useful for predicting which years are best for control,” Farrar said. “We will also identify the role microbes play in invasion, which has implications for restoration.
“Overall, a basic understanding of the impact of rainfall and microbes in noxious weed invasion is a first step toward management strategies that promote healthy rangeland and food production in the U.S.” | <urn:uuid:93c15a24-1f6e-4a29-9542-f249645eda6d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://news.tulane.edu/pr/tulane-researcher-awarded-grant-study-weed-invasion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500151.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204173912-20230204203912-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.931847 | 549 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Some may argue that sleeping is one of the best parts of the day. You get into bed, snuggle under the covers, rest your head on a comfortable cushion, and switch off your thoughts for the night. However, there is a specific routine that may be hindering this practice.
Most people spend a lot of time on their devices. With more free time at your disposal, evenings are a seemingly perfect opportunity to scroll through your phone and catch up on the latest social media posts. But do you know that using devices before bed can have a detrimental impact on your sleep?
Here, we delve into the negative effects of screen time on the quality of your night’s rest. We also share some tips on how to improve your sleep pattern by reducing phone usage before you get into bed.
It is universally acknowledged that all adults require seven to nine hours of sleep every night on average to feel fully recharged the next morning. Sometimes, certain commitments may prevent you from enjoying the rest time you deserve. But, in most situations, it’s our phones, TVs, and laptops that are impairing our sleep.
In healthy adults, our biological clock follows a 24-hour wake-sleep cycle. As the sun rises and daylight gradually enters through the curtains, the body releases a hormone called ‘cortisol’ that makes you feel alert and awake. As the day gets later and darkness falls over the evening, the body produces ‘melatonin’, a hormone that ushers in feelings of sleepiness. Electronic devices and bright screens, which emit what is known as ‘blue light’, can delay or decrease the natural production of melatonin. This happens becausetoo much light from screens before bedtime confuses your body. In fact, it gives it the impression that you aren’t ready to doze off. Blue light from your phone or laptop deceives your brain, as it will think it is still daytime and therefore not time for bed yet. According to neuroscience professor Matthew Walker, as opposed to reading a printed book, reading on an iPad can suppress your melatonin release by over 50% at night.
What’s more, taking in emotional news (whether positive or negative) from social media or playing online games can increase brain stimulation and heart rate. This means that, as electrical activity increases in your brain and neurons start racing, you will find it more difficult to calm down and nod off. Not to mention that prolonged screen time exposure can also have harmful effects on your retinas.
Additionally, spending time on your device before going to bed can reduce both your sense of alertness in the morning and the amou.... The latter is a significantly important stage of your sleep; in fact, among its many functions, it helps your brain to preserve and consolidate new information.
Screen time at night can have an array of negative effects on the quality of your sleep. If you are struggling to fall asleep, and you’ve cut down on screen time, there may be other medical conditions impacting your sleep. For example, pain, stress, and anxiety might be keeping you up at night. To get to a faster resolution for these problems, you may want to consider investing in a
To avoid sleep deprivation, headaches, and many other drawbacks from lack of sleep, there are also some simple steps you can follow to fix your evening screen habits. Here are a few tips on how to regain a healthy night’s sleep:
Ultimately, it will not take long until this becomes a consolidated routine. In fact, you will no longer feel the urge to scroll through your device before bedtime.
Alternatively, you can listen to a podcast. This will help you doze off faster as your melatonin will not be disrupted by the ‘blue light’ of your devices.
From reducing your heart rate to increased melatonin production, meditation is a great way to restore a healthy sleep pattern.
You may want to consider switching your Wi-Fi off too. It has been found, in fact, that Wi-Fi routers emit radiations (EMF radiation) that are associated with several adverse health effects, including low quality of sleep.
There is no denying that scrolling through your phone before bed can negatively impact the quality of your sleep. From obstructing the production of melatonin to reducing alertness when you wake up, screen time has several damaging effects on our night’s rest. However, by putting some simple stepsinto practice, you can actively limit your device usage and fix your natural sleep pattern. | <urn:uuid:213db9ac-c9e8-4235-a9b4-daa39792ce8e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://recruitingblogs.com/profiles/blogs/put-your-phone-away-how-screen-time-affects-the-quality-of-your | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500151.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204173912-20230204203912-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.951911 | 940 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Image from Encyclopedia of Arkansas
From the perspective of Black Union Soldiers the Battle of Poison Springs Arkansas would become the catalyst for a more determined effort in their battle for freedom. Simply put--it became their battle cry! The 79th US Colored Infantry was remembered by black soldiers on the western frontier throughout the remainder of the war, and is said to have propelled the Kansas Colored and later 83rd US Colored soldiers to victory from that point forward.
It should be noted that many of the soldiers of the 1st Kansas Colored were former slaves from Indian Territory, and the among the confederate soldiers that they confronted were former slave holding Indians from the Choctaw Nation. (Choctaws along with the other tribes from the Trail of Tears, were also owners of African Slaves, and this was the first major battle in which former slaves from these tribes would meet former slave holding Confederate Indian regiments. They would later engage the Indian confederates at Honey Springs, Indian Territory in the same year.)
At Poison Springs Arkansas, General Frederick Steele had ordered a foraging expedition of about 600 men to gather corn from area farms and plantations, to address the Federal forces shrinking supplies. About 18 miles from Camden Arkansas the forces which included members of the 1st Kansas Colored (later known as the 79th US Colored Infantry) were to supply of many wagons with corn in order to secure much needed food. The Union soldiers were said to have been ambushed by Confederate forces that had outnumbered this smaller band of Federal soldiers. With approximately 3600 men, the Federal soldiers were attacked.
Official records indicated that at first, the Kansas Colored fought off two of the attacks.. The Confederate forces were then joined by the Choctaw Brigade, a Confederate unit led by tribal leader Tandy Walker, forcing the Union soldiers into retreat. As the Union soldiers retreated the fighting was halted.
Tandy Walker, Choctaw leader, & Confederate General. He led the brigade at Poison Springs
As the soldiers retreated, attention was then given to the injured black soldiers of the Kansas Colored. The sight of black men in uniform often brought out immediate rage from Confederate soldiers. And as had taken place at Ft. Pillow, and later Saltville and other places, the injured black soldiers were seldom taken prisoner--they were slaughtered.
It has been explained by some historians that the very sight of black men, who throughout the lifetime of many southern soldiers had been held in a lesser societal status, to now see them now fighting equally as men, immediate rage, rose from their inner core, and no military training would allow them to treat these former slaves as prisoners---their rage would take over, and men from Ft. Pillow, to Poison Springs would pay the ultimate price for freedom. No protocol would be followed, no quarter would be given to those men, and on that fateful day in Arkansas, many of the men of the 1st Kansas Colored would become martyrs in their own fight for freedom.
[For a useful reference on the treatment of black soldiers, and understanding of the emotional reasoning behind these events, this following work is recommended as a guide to understanding the motives behind massacres at places like Poison Springs, Ft. Pillow, Saltville and others:
Description of the Kansas Colored at the battle:
These excerpts were taken from:
A few months later this battle cry was heard at Jenkins Ferry. I have an ancestor who died after receiving wounds the Jenkins Ferry Battle. He served with the 2nd Kansas Colored, (later known as the 83 US Colored Infantry). Being part of an ambulance corps from the 2nd Kansas, he would most likely have heard that Poison Springs battle cry from his comrades, though as fate would have some of them to fall to the enemy, that battle cry would be heard for the remainder of the war. And although my ancestor lost his life in the battle, the greater battle for freedom was still won. And as I think about him, I honor the battle cry that propelled him, for I also remember those from brave men the 1st Kansas Colored who paid the ultimate price on this day, April 18th 1864.
Today, I remember Poison Springs! | <urn:uuid:f74aeed8-c077-495a-9d3a-36e5a5c60a2e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://usctchronicle.blogspot.com/2011/04/remember-poison-springs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00652.warc.gz | en | 0.985208 | 865 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Report on Masaya (Nicaragua) — June 1993
Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, vol. 18, no. 6 (June 1993)
Managing Editor: Edward Venzke.
Masaya (Nicaragua) New lava lake appears
Please cite this report as:
Global Volcanism Program, 1993. Report on Masaya (Nicaragua) (Venzke, E., ed.). Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 18:6. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN199306-344100
11.985°N, 86.165°W; summit elev. 594 m
All times are local (unless otherwise noted)
A lava lake reappeared in the bottom of Santiago crater in late June for the first time in 3 years, but seismicity has not increased. The temporary network of seismic stations intermittently installed around the summit area has documented a progressive decline in seismicity since late 1989. Epicenters have mainly been located below the N and NE flanks of the volcano. Since 1989 the number of locatable events decreased to about 1-2/week, with focal depths of 400-800 m. In late 1991 and 1992, maximum fumarole temperatures of 380-400°C were measured during expeditions into the 200-m-deep inner crater. Fumaroles were located just above the previous lava lake, active February-March 1989 (SEAN 14:02, 14:04, and 14:06) and covered by landslides in 1990 (SEAN 15:04). A part of the S crater wall collapsed in November 1989 (SEAN 16:02), dropping 50,000 m3 of rock into the crater. Activity in January 1993 consisted of a few weak fumaroles on the rim of the 1989 vents and on the wall adjoining the Nindirí crater.
An increase in SO2 emission was detected in late May 1993, and 3 seismometers were deployed around the crater in early June. An expedition 8 June installed one seismic station on the crater floor 100 m from the N rim. That same day, a significant increase in the rate of gas release was observed, with temperatures estimated at 400-500°C. Park rangers reported new incandescence in the bottom of the crater the evening of 16 June. Another descent to the crater floor on 20 June revealed a 7-8 m diameter vent with liquid lava splashing at a depth of about 30-40 m; small lava fragments were occasionally ejected. The vent slowly increased in diameter through the end of June, and was elongated NW-SE.
Geological Summary. Masaya is one of Nicaragua's most unusual and most active volcanoes. It lies within the massive Pleistocene Las Sierras caldera and is itself a broad, 6 x 11 km basaltic caldera with steep-sided walls up to 300 m high. The caldera is filled on its NW end by more than a dozen vents that erupted along a circular, 4-km-diameter fracture system. The Nindirí and Masaya cones, the source of historical eruptions, were constructed at the southern end of the fracture system and contain multiple summit craters, including the currently active Santiago crater. A major basaltic Plinian tephra erupted from Masaya about 6,500 years ago. Historical lava flows cover much of the caldera floor and there is a lake at the far eastern end. A lava flow from the 1670 eruption overtopped the north caldera rim. Masaya has been frequently active since the time of the Spanish Conquistadors, when an active lava lake prompted attempts to extract the volcano's molten "gold." Periods of long-term vigorous gas emission at roughly quarter-century intervals have caused health hazards and crop damage.
Information Contacts: Alain Creusot, Instituto Nicaraguense de Energía, Managua, Nicaragua. | <urn:uuid:20ab131f-727f-470b-a09a-8dfd61e965bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN199306-344100 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00652.warc.gz | en | 0.929749 | 837 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Rising sea levels could flood Hawaii’s famous Waikiki Beach and the city streets of Honolulu in the next 15 to 20 years.
That information comes from a state climate commission. The commission also shared a video showing how flooding and erosion already affect many parts of Hawaii.
That is not good news for a state where tourism is the main driver of the economy. Hawaiian lawmakers are trying to pass new laws that would involve spending millions of dollars to protect coastlines and cities from rising tides.
State Representative Chris Lee has put forward a bill calling for a coastline protection plan. He said, “The latest data on sea level rise is quite scary and it’s accelerating faster than we ever thought possible.”
Lee added that the program would center on Honolulu, Hawaii’s capital. But it could become a test program for other coastal communities around the state.
Hawaii has rarely been directly hit by hurricanes. However, Lee writes in the bill that warming oceans increase the risk of hurricanes for the state. The bill estimates that if a major hurricane made landfall in Hawaii, it would cost $40 billion for the state to recover.
Lee said, “The loss of coastal property and infrastructure, increased cost for storm damage and insurance, and loss of life are inevitable if nothing is done….”
The proposed legislation is similar to action taken by New York City in 2012, after a major storm led to $19 billion in damage in the city. The Hawaii bill also seeks more research into a carbon tax that could raise money and lower the state’s dependence on fossil fuels.
Democrats lead both houses of Hawaii’s legislature. The state traditionally has taken a leading role on climate issues. Lee said state lawmakers are to meet in the coming weeks to discuss final changes before sending the bill to Hawaii Governor David Ige. Ige, who is also a Democrat, has not said whether he would sign the bill.
The bill comes two years after the sea level rise adaptation report was made public as a guideline for future legislative action and planning.
Research included in the report suggests Hawaii will see nearly a one-meter rise in ocean levels by the end of this century. It predicts that more than 6,000 of the state’s buildings and 20,000 people across all of Hawaii’s islands will experience continuing flooding.
The report says roads, bridges and beaches will be washed away. And the state’s seaports and airports will likely also be affected.
The report was updated in September to included newly published research. The new research warns that previous estimates of flooding could be 35 to 54 percent lower.
University of Hawaii researcher Tiffany Anderson led the study. Anderson said she was surprised by the large increase when the effect of beach erosion was added to the study. She said, “We found out it covers a lot more land ... I wasn’t expecting such a large increase…”
State Representative Nicole Lowen said people hoping to build near the coast should already be wary. She also warned that sea level rise and climate change would impact “an economy that’s so heavily based on tourism …”
I'm Pete Musto.
Hai Do adapted this story for Learning English based on Associated Press reports. Ashley Thompson was the editor.
Write to us in the Comments Section or on our Facebook page.
Words in This Story
tourism - n. the business of providing hotels, restaurants, entertainment, etc... for people who are traveling
accelerate - v. to cause something to happen sooner or more quickly
infrastructure - n. roads and bridges that are needed for a country, area to function
inevitable - adj. sure to happen
update - v. to give the most recent information | <urn:uuid:25995615-209c-4781-94fa-34c99620f6fd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/could-rising-sea-level-flood-hawaii-famous-beaches/4887969.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500384.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207035749-20230207065749-00732.warc.gz | en | 0.957202 | 782 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A twig on the tree of life
Over three billion years ago, life started as a seed that grew and evolved, becoming a great tree with many branches.
The tree of life has seen the creation and destruction of entire branches of related species. We are just one twig that sprouted only seven million years ago. We are the only leaf remaining on our twig, and we are dependent on the same tree we share with millions of other leaves…
As humankind, we are all part of the same leaf…
The differences we have seen in each other over centuries are skin deep. Our bodies are structured the same way, with the same organs and bones, and our genetic codes are 99.9% the same. Yet we often believe that we are different enough to discriminate against each other.
Our leaf will not be around forever
A leaf falls at the end of its season – this is the circle of life. But humankind’s unjust belief that we have dominion over nature is leading us to destroy whole branches of life for the temporary prosperity of our single leaf. This behaviour threatens the survival of the entire tree, without which we cannot survive.
So we need to learn about our origins
By understanding our shared roots in Africa, and by learning about our more ancient connections to other branches on the tree of life, we can find unity among ourselves, and resolve to conserve nature.
All from One™ exhibition
The physical version of the exhibition opened on 10 November 2015 and is touring South Africa. It has thus far stood outside the Standard Bank offices in Rosebank, Johannesburg, the Soweto Theatre in Soweto, the Iziko Museum in Cape Town, Maropeng in the Cradle of Humankind outside Johannesburg and the Sci-Bono Discovery Centre in Johannesburg.
The exhibition is a striking structure recalling both a DNA double helix and the skeletons of two large prehistoric animals. A smaller, reconfigured version of the exhibition was produced as part of the South African Treasures exhibition at the United Nation’s World Intellectual Property Organization General Assembly in Geneva in October 2016.
The All From One™ exhibition draws on scientific evidence about our shared human origins and the shared origins of all life forms in order to challenge commonly held ideas about humankind and our place in nature.
You will see that you are unique, but that you share strong bonds of similarity with all other people, based on a deeply rooted common humanity. As a species, you will see we are but one twig among millions on the tree of life that sustains us all.
All told, you will see that
shared origins is a potent force for tolerance,
unity, collaboration and conservation
Learn more about the four
pillars of the PAST All from One™ exhibition
Producers and concept creators: Andrea Leenen and Prof. Robert Blumenschine, Paleontological Scientific Trust
Content writers: Robert Blumenschine, Andrea Leenen, Lauren Segal
Curator: Lauren Segal
Designer: Nabeel Essa
Graphic Design: Josie Theron and Shannon Davis
Design Advisors: Clive van den Berg & Carina Comrie
Project Manager: Carol Sviridov
Text Editor: Sandy Shoolman
Scientific Advisors: Prof. Michele Ramsey, Prof. Himla Soodyall, Prof. Jody Hey, Prof. Nina Jablonski, Dr. George Chaplin, Prof. Anthony Barnosky, John Gurche | <urn:uuid:ab33cd5b-e6d4-4c5a-9663-054786bd5696> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://past.org.za/all-from-one-exhibition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494974.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127065356-20230127095356-00132.warc.gz | en | 0.924761 | 729 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Russian nuclear blast debris is still emitting radiation, reports say
Journalists in northern Russia have measured high levels of radiation near two abandoned boats that were brought ashore following last month’s mysterious accident during a test at a military site that has raised international concerns and safety fears.
Five nuclear engineers were killed in a liquid propulsion system explosion on a sea platform Aug. 8, leading to a brief spike in radiation by up to 16 times in nearby cities. News outlets have recently reported, citing U.S. intelligence and photographs from the site, that the blast occurred during a mission to salvage a nuclear-powered cruise missile from the bottom of the sea.
Background radiation levels near the two pontoons towed ashore in the White Sea were several times above the norm, journalists based in the Arkhangelsk region reported in a video published Monday.
“This beach should be decontaminated,” Bruno Chareyron, a research director at the French radiation-monitoring NGO CRIIRAD, told the U.S.-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) news outlet.
“The authorities should collect the radioactive debris [and] monitor the contamination of the water, sand sediments, fauna and flora,” Chareyron was quoted as saying.
Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear company, told RFE/RL that it “is not in a position to comment on classified defense contracts and military tests.”
The authorities have given a muted response to the explosion, seeking to quiet public fears. Four of Russia’s nuclear radiation monitoring stations went silent days after the explosion, and doctors in the region have said they weren’t warned that they would be treating patients exposed to radiation.
The secrecy surrounding the accident has led outside observers to speculate that what the explosion involved the Burevestnik nuclear-powered intercontinental cruise missile, dubbed the SSC-X-9 Skyfall by NATO.
President Vladimir Putin later said the mishap occurred during testing of what he called promising new weapons systems.
This article first appeared in The Moscow Times and is republished in a sharing partnership with the Barents Observer. | <urn:uuid:06aea0bf-d9df-4598-9221-a59dc4940702> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2019/09/russian-nuclear-blast-debris-still-emitting-radiation-reports-say | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499758.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129180008-20230129210008-00292.warc.gz | en | 0.95563 | 456 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A useful poison?Regulations for pesticide use, safety, and management have to be adopted to safeguard against potential health risks
Historically, the majority of the agricultural systems in Nepal have been limited to subsistence farming. In recent years, commercial vegetable farming has been observed to be increasing in some peri-urban areas of Nepal. This trend seems to be demand-driven by urban consumers, by the adoption of farming as a livelihood by youth returning from nations abroad with capital and technical knowledge, and by the promotional programs of INGOs and NGOs. Furthermore, some of these programs seem to have empowered pesticide vendors who are not adequately trained on pesticide safety issues.
Crop production is no easy venture, as crops are vulnerable to attack from many kinds of pests. To farm commercially and profitably, these attacks need to be controlled. Globally, an average of 40 percent of the potential yield is lost as a result of the damage caused by pests. So, in many countries, pesticides have been adopted by commercial farmers as they provide immediate, short-term, cost-effective management of pests, and reduce the risk of crop failure. However, many developed countries have strict regulations on pesticide use, safety, and promote integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
Most of the farmers who are involved in commercial farming in peri-urban areas of Nepal seem to have adopted pesticides as part of their farming practice. In Nepal, pesticides were introduced in 1955 and pesticide regulations were introduced in 1991, but it is not known how strictly and widespread the adoption of these regulations have been. Some articles indicate that pesticide use is rampant in Nepal and often misused, causing health risks to the applicators themselves as well as to their clientele.
Furthermore, reports also show that a substantial portion of these pesticides are used in vegetables that enter into the urban market. From a consumer standpoint, most of us also prefer pest-damage free, clean vegetables with no blemishes. Therefore, it is suspected that pesticide use will be an inevitable part of these commercial vegetable farming systems and their use will only continue to grow if alternatives to pesticides are not developed and our own view, as consumers, are not changed.
Urban people are the major consumers of vegetables grown in these peri-urban areas and their awareness on the health risks of pesticides seems to be increasing. However, they are unaware of the residue levels in the vegetables they are consuming. It is possible that the produce are still relatively safe and within allowable maximum residue levels (MRLs) but the contrary could also be true as Nepal is yet to set up a reliable system of residue detection and the associated regulatory mechanisms. Till then, consumers will have to rely on unsubstantiated hearsay such as rumours that farmers in Dhading spray their cauliflower plants 13-15 times with pesticides before bringing them to the market to sell. Again, it is emphasised that these are anecdotes that need to be documented with proper research. It seems that several farmers are aware of integrated pest management but apply pesticides as it is a last resort to prevent their crops and their livelihoods from perishing. It is the responsibility of researchers to develop pesticide alternatives and provide proper pesticide education for these growers. Equally important is the need to have an effective pesticide monitoring and regulation system in place. It seems farmers in Nepal, to some extent, are aware of the dangers of pesticides but they do not have as much knowledge about safety issues as their counterparts in developed countries. If reliable and cost-effective alternatives are provided to them, it is likely that they would reduce the use of pesticides as they are expensive and farmers know about the dangers to a certain level.
Organic farming can be an alternative if reliable and cost-effective pest management systems are developed. In fact, one of the biggest challenge to widespread adoption of organic farming is the challenge from pests. Therefore, it is a misconception that pesticides are not used in organic farming. Usually organically-acceptable pesticides or natural pesticides are used in such systems. Often, such pesticides could also be dangerous if their toxicity to living beings is not evaluated properly or if they are used improperly. Therefore, these products should also be properly monitored and regulated. For example, chicken manure is often used as an organic fertiliser, but the manure may be from chickens that have been fed with feed containing harmful doses of hormones or chemicals. These harmful materials could also be transferred to the crop. Also, the cost of production can also be higher in an organic system because of pest problems so producers should be able to get premium prices for their products while consumers should be willing to pay these higher prices. Again, proper monitoring and regulation programs needs to be in place for the certification of these organic products.
The fear of pesticide contamination seems to have attracted urban-dwellers to roof-top organic gardening of vegetables in Nepal. However, it should be noted that these are fairly new types of agro ecosystems, and over time, pests will adapt to these systems and other environmental issues may later emerge. Therefore, researchers should start exploring the possibility of potential issues with such systems.
Most of the vegetables being grown commercially in Nepal are for fresh-market purposes. Sole reliance on a fresh-market can be problematic in Nepal because of frequent road closures due to natural and man-made causes. Delay in the produce reaching the market can cause the produce to perish, thus, incurring heavy losses to the farmers. However, there is an opportunity in Nepal to develop alternative marketing systems for these vegetables such as pickling; selling as frozen products; and making purees, pastes, and sauces etc. Such products could also have an export market. However, international food and pesticide safety standards will have to be strictly followed and the MRL of each country will have to be respected.
In conclusion, instead of blaming farmers, there is a need to develop reliable, economic, and safe pest management systems with proper use regulations, and monitoring programs if commercial vegetable farming is to be promoted as a sustainable means of livelihood in peri-urban areas of Nepal. Practical and effective IPM programs should be developed instead of using and promoting the concept of IPM in theory. In other words, regulators, researchers, pesticide vendors, farmers, and consumers all need to work together for safe and effective use of pesticides rather than blaming each other. Till then, let’s stop blaming only farmers for this pesticide dilemma in Nepal.
- Shrestha is a Professor in the Department of Plant Science at California State University and is currently working as a visiting scientist at ICIMOD | <urn:uuid:4da3c9f1-7cc9-46d5-9471-b2a9f66e675c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://kathmandupost.com/opinion/2017/11/26/a-useful-poison | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499831.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130232547-20230131022547-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.968879 | 1,336 | 3.296875 | 3 |
By Dr. Jessie Fields
“I Am Abraham”, are the first written words (he wrote them in the sand) of Abraham Lincoln, who would go on to write some of the most historically resonant speeches and documents of American democracy up to and during the Civil War. For Lincoln, as the son of a poor farmer who had very little formal education, the very act of learning to read and write signified aspiration beyond the circumstances into which he was born.
I have always been intrigued by the role that learning to read and write has played historically. Slaves were forbidden to learn to read or write.
Frederick Douglass, born a slave, as a child did manage to learn to read and write by giving pieces of bread to poor white children in exchange for their teaching him words. He like Lincoln would go on to become a brilliant writer.
Reading has played a big role in my own life. As a child my mother, who grew up very poor and was not able to finish high school, instructed me never to read fiction. I had to read only what was “true”. As a result in grade school I read biographies of great American presidents such as George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, which were in the school library. I did also joyfully find a book about Harriet Tubman. So I grew up with a tendency to read nonfiction almost exclusively. Even today I rarely read novels.
At first reading the novel I Am Abraham by Jerome Charyn, our current selection for the Cathy L. Stewart Politics for the People Book Club, was difficult for me. I am a big fan of Abraham Lincoln, having long admired his writing and his commitment to stand firm on the Emancipation Proclamation. In the novel Jerome Charyn touches this American icon. Following the urging of Cathy Stewart who advised me to relax and “let go” in reading the novel, I am actually enjoying the book. It is in fact very much about the love affair of Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd Lincoln. I also appreciate the effort to convey personal and intimate details of some very momentous events in our shared American story. Enjoy your reading of Jerome Charyn’s I Am Abraham. | <urn:uuid:9777b046-1fc3-47e9-9bed-f6d06857ea20> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://politics4thepeople.com/2015/01/26/learning-to-read-fiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499831.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130232547-20230131022547-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.987388 | 451 | 2.859375 | 3 |
You may be wondering what the Cell Transport Worksheet is all about. There are several options to take here, depending on which option you believe to be the best for you. The answer is both a yes, and a no, but either way is something that should interest you. Let’s talk about some of the possibilities here, and that answer would best meet your needs.
Basically, the Cell Transport Worksheet is just that, a worksheet that you use in class that tells you what you need to know when it comes to biology. And while it does get into biology, it really doesn’t tell you anything that you wouldn’t have to go out and find yourself, so to speak. That being said, though, if you don’t want to take any chances with learning biology at home, then you might want to think about giving this one a try.
Of course, this worksheet will be the most important component of any biology answers kit because of how much biology is involved with it. Most kits include biology worksheets, but the Cell Transport Worksheet comes with biology answers that are based on other materials such as Fun Home or Rhonda Byrne’s Passing. So, you can use this one, or you can use another worksheet that has biology questions that are based on these other worksheets.
This worksheet was created by a worksheet creator, so that is not surprising. In fact, the creator, Lisa Ungerleider, is one of the most popular people who have worked on worksheets in her life, so there is really no reason to worry about the quality. It looks great, and it was designed to look great.
Another reason why you might want to give this worksheet a try is because you can use it as a starting point for your own biology answers. For example, you can use it as a way to get the basic biology knowledge you need before you start to ask more complicated questions about things like amoebas and bacteria. That’s a good idea, because if you’re not sure about the biology answers you get from other worksheets, then you’ll be able to use this one to get your own questions answered. That way, you can get to the research side of things without needing to worry about whether or not the answers you get are going to work for you.
After all, though you can’t trust just anyone to do the research for you, you can certainly trust this one as a way to find answers to questions you might be having. Since the creator is a very talented person, it should not take too long to get everything you need. Of course, if you don’t feel comfortable using it as a starting point, then you might want to try an online version instead. That being said, if you’re going to have to start all over, you might as well take your time, so to speak, and get everything right the first time.
If you’ve used a biology answers kit, you know that you have to buy many different things to get everything you need. It doesn’t matter if you are trying to learn about evolution or bioluminescence; there are a lot of different subjects you have to buy in order to complete this worksheet. This is not the case with the Cell Transport Worksheet.
The good news is that you only need to buy one item from the kit. That is because the Cell Transport Worksheet is really just a manual, and a very detailed manual. It doesn’t include anything else, so you don’t have to worry about buying anything else, which means that you save money. | <urn:uuid:7dc9b6ae-78f7-4154-80df-a730899e7e53> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.semesprit.com/84015/cell-transport-worksheet-biology-answers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499831.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130232547-20230131022547-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.971492 | 764 | 2.984375 | 3 |
There are times in history when prudent decisions have allowed France to maintain a position of strength thanks to technological turning points taken early enough and, above all, thought out so as to constitute a competitive advantage. One can take the example of choosing nuclear power to ensure a massive and relatively inexpensive electricity supply while increasing national energy sovereignty. AI is an important issue like electricity and many French AI platforms are also being bought by foreign investors.
Artificial intelligence is transforming society, armies, administrations, and every part of the economy
This parallel between AI and electrification is no coincidence. one of the rock stars Artificial intelligence, prof Andrew NG (Former Google and founder of several startups including Coursera) declared that “Artificial Intelligence is the new electricity” (Artificial intelligence is the new electricity). Meaning, AI affects every aspect of economic activity and almost every task in our daily lives. So much so that a country lagging behind in AI issues actually runs the risk of being underrated and relied upon, and thus losing sovereignty.
The spread of artificial intelligence will profoundly change every industry, every service, and almost every aspect of our daily lives. From agriculture to health through finance, energy and defense/security. The list of applications is endless and its implementation is inevitable as the difference in efficiency is well established.
What is an artificial intelligence platform?
An AI platform is like an AI factory. Allowing the creation of new and diverse AI systems and drawing largely on existing components. To parallel the industry, the development of a new electronic device will largely depend on existing electronic components. Thus, in devices that perform very different functions, one can encounter many identical components (resistors, transistors, microprocessors, various semiconductors, etc.). In the same way that we can’t imagine re-creating every component to create a new device, we can’t imagine re-creating every algorithm for every new application of AI.
Thus, these AI platforms are a vital foundation for the emergence of mass AI and the rapid development of AI while ensuring stable deployments.
fee. AI Platform (Papai) Publishes a Use Case for Classifying Military and Civil Aircraft on Satellite Imagery (Permission Permission by Owner)
It is precisely the fundamental and episodic nature of AI, the fact that it is the basis for so many applications, that the role cannot be put off too late. Of course, creating new apps will always be possible, but if the apps depend on foreign bases/platforms, dependency will be created. It only expands as the number of applications increases.
Having French platforms for artificial intelligence is vital to national sovereignty
Many examples of AI platform startups founded in France have moved their headquarters to other countries (particularly the US) or even been taken over entirely by foreign investors. The amounts invested are much higher than in France.
One of the main reasons to own French platforms is to control the development and deployment of AI technologies. It is important for economic competitiveness, national security, and ethical considerations. Dependence on foreign platforms means accepting massive amounts of data to be processed by tools we are not proficient in. This is a technical risk but also legal, financial, and even strategic in some cases.
Moreover, having a sovereign AI platform can allow the country to adapt AI technologies to its specific needs and priorities and enhance the competitiveness of the French strategic offer. In particular, we recall that one of the reasons for the cancellation of the submarine contract with Australia was the AUKUS agreement, which provided for – among other things – the sharing of artificial intelligence capabilities. Having good material without providing the AI to go along with it tends to devalue that material itself.
It also makes it easier for France to cooperate with research institutions and companies on artificial intelligence projects, and to regulate the use of artificial intelligence more effectively. By supporting sovereign AI platforms, France will create more opportunities for its companies and citizens in AI research and development.
Finally, having its own sovereign AI platforms would allow France to have a greater say in international discussions and negotiations on AI-related issues, such as ethical standards and governance frameworks. This could allow France to shape the direction of the global AI landscape in a way that reflects its interests and values.
<< اقرأ أيضًا: لا ، لن يحل الذكاء الاصطناعي محل مديرك ، ولكنه قد يؤثر عليه جيدًا >>> | <urn:uuid:b32b6d3b-fcd8-47db-b129-8a8c5b78538c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://ccnpexams.info/2023/01/10/the-migration-of-french-ai-platforms-is-a-matter-of-sovereignty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499911.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201045500-20230201075500-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.933213 | 950 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Innovation – Look at things differently? Stimulate innovation through simplistic incrementalism.
A lot is talked about innovation.
Often it is about taking the simple things and looking at them differently to create a solution and outcome. I was stimulated to think about this from an email my Dad sent me and conversation we had today about innovation (over coffee at the Rabbithole). The below examples are provided based upon many internet resources. I am unaware of the source but just search on-line if you want to know more.
Many talk about innovation to justify their existence and/or the idea of innovation. Often they are not entrepreneurs. They are often looking for complex solutions that are often risky and (huge) investment bound. Resource crippling.
I like to think about actual solutions to create value. Here are some simple, odd and rather curious ideas to to stimulate innovation through simplistic incrementalism:
- You can flip a toaster on its side and grill cheese in it.
- You can divide and store ground meat in a Ziplock bag. Just break off how much you need and keep the rest in the freezer for later!
- If you place a wooden spoon over a pot of boiling water, it won’t boil over!
- Marshmallows can cure a sore throat. Perfect for kids who don’t like medicine. Really?
- You can run a paper bag through your printer!
- Cereal canisters make the perfect rubbish bin for your car!
- Take your bananas apart when you get home from the shop. If you leave them connected at the stem, they ripen faster…
- Store your opened chunks of cheese in aluminium foil. It will stay fresh much longer and not mould! (But you can scrape off any mould and still eat the cheese without changes in flavour!)
- Peppers with 3 bumps on the bottom are sweeter and better for eating. Peppers with 4 bumps on the bottom are stronger flavoured.
- Add a teaspoon of water when frying minced beef. It will help pull the grease away from the meat while cooking.
- Place a rubber band around an open paint can to wipe your brush on, and keep paint off the side of the can
- Use a staple remover to save your fingernails when trying to add things to your key ring!
- Use a micro-fibre cloth to prevent frost from forming on the windshield.
- Use a comb to keep a nail steady for hammering
- Use a post-it note to catch drilling debris.
To me a good example of innovation through simplistic incrementalism is Google (search) and Facebook (community). They took existing ideas and asked: How could these concepts be simply transformed? Incrementally, the core simple step evolved and evolved, and so on….. | <urn:uuid:d93777ae-2953-44c6-ad28-824ba5e5271b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://drrobertdavis.com/2013/04/28/innovation-look-at-things-differently-stimulate-innovation-through-simplistic-incrementalism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499911.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201045500-20230201075500-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.934037 | 576 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University’s School of Dentistry have found that a significant percentage of dental patients with the inflammatory diseases irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis also have the Epstein-Barr virus. The Epstein-Barr virus is an important human pathogen found in more than 90 percent of the world population. It is associated with many diseases, including infectious mononucleosis, malignant lymphomas, and naspharyngeal carcinoma.
The findings are published online in the Journal of Endodontics, one of the leading peer-reviewed endodontology journals. The study also is expected to be published in the December 2008 (volume 34, issue 12) issue of the Journal of Endodontics.
Although the number of studies examining the role of herpesviruses in oral disease has been increasing, the majority of studies have focused on periodontitis, with no systematic attempt to examine herpesvirus in endodontic patients with varying inflammatory diseases. The OHSU study assessed the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) in 82 endodontic patients, including patients with irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis, and compared them with 19 healthy patients. The goal of the study was to determine the potential association of herpesvirus with clinical symptoms, including acute pain and size of radiographic bone destruction.
Using a variety of methods, the OHSU team found the Epstein-Barr virus DNA and RNA in significantly higher percentages (43.9 percent and 25.6 percent respectively) compared with healthy patients (0 percent). Human cytomegalovirus DNA and RNA were found in measurable numbers in both endodontic patients (15.9 percent and 29.3 percent respectively) and in healthy patients (42.1 percent and 10.5 percent respectively). Herpes simplex virus DNA was found in low percentages of endodontic patients (13.4 percent) and only one patient showed the presence of Varicella zoster virus.
While a previous study examined the incidence of herpes viruses in apical periodontitis, “this is the first time irreversible pulpitis has been analyzed for the presence of herpes viruses and associated with Epstein-Barr virus,” noted Curt Machida, Ph.D., OHSU professor of integrative biosciences and principal investigator, whose lab was host for the study. “The incidence of irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis, caused by bacteria and possibly the latent herpes virus, is painful and can greatly impair the body’s natural immune system. Studies such as ours could someday lead to more effective treatments of inflammatory diseases of the mouth.”
The OHSU team included Hong Li, D.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D., a recent OHSU endodontology graduate; third-year OHSU dental student Vicky Chen, B.S.; second-year OHSU dental student Yanwen Chen, Ph.D.; J. Craig Baumgartner, D.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D., chairman of the OHSU endodontology department; and Machida.
The research at OHSU was funded by grants from the American Association of Endodontists Foundation, the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, the NIH’s National Center for Research Resources, and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.
Oregon Health & Science University is the state’s only health and research university, and Oregon’s only academic health center. OHSU is Portland's largest employer and the fourth largest in Oregon (excluding government), with 12,700 employees. OHSU's size contributes to its ability to provide many services and community support activities not found anywhere else in the state. It serves patients from every corner of the state, and is a conduit for learning for more than 3,400 students and trainees. OHSU is the source of more than 200 community outreach programs that bring health and education services to every county in the state. | <urn:uuid:0b93b0be-8565-42f5-bf79-97c0a2cf2ed7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://news.ohsu.edu/2008/11/10/ohsu-school-of-dentistry-discovers-association-between-epstein-barr-virus-mouth-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499911.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201045500-20230201075500-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.93392 | 878 | 2.640625 | 3 |
By Hannah Critchfield
Brad Batch was at a party in Garner when he first heard about the virus.
The 30-year-old had recently moved back home after a few years in New Orleans.
A friend approached him and asked a strange question about his old college boyfriend, who was now living in New York.
“Did you hear Richard has the gay flu?”
This June marks the 50th anniversary of the first Pride parade, which arose in protest against police brutality and for the rights of LGBTQ people. Health equity has always been an indispensable part of that struggle.
Richard would be one of many million people to die in the global epidemic caused by human immunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV/AIDS. Batch, who is now 68, would eventually test positive for the virus himself.
But Pride looks different in 2020. It’s a year where yet another pandemic has ravaged the LGBTQ community and a year where many of the people disproportionately impacted by it have already taken to the streets to protest for their lives.
Many experts say things are not that different from the last time they faced a pandemic.
“It’s kind of terrifying how little has changed actually,” said Derrick Matthews, who researches health inequities experienced by LGBTQ people, particularly around HIV prevention and treatment for Black men, at the Gillings School of Global Public Health at UNC Chapel Hill.
Several comparisons have been made between the rise of the HIV pandemic in the United States in the 1980s and 90s and the current COVID-19 pandemic. Both diseases have ravaged vulnerable communities, particularly people of color. Both have been exacerbated by public health responses from government leaders and civilians, and both are still ongoing.
NC Health News spoke to a survivor of the HIV pandemic, a former CDC staffer who worked at the agency when the outbreak first hit, a public health researcher, and a local LGBTQ advocate. They reflected on how their understanding of the United States’ public health response to the HIV pandemic shapes their perspective of this present moment for members of the Black and LGBTQ community.
Pandemics are political
Gene Matthews was in the room when a director at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention first reported the strange incidence of the then-rare pneumocystis pneumonia in five gay men in Los Angeles in 1981.
“I remember it like yesterday,” said Matthews. “It was right around this time of year.”
Matthews, now a senior investigator at the North Carolina Institute for Public Health, was the chief legal officer at the organization at the time. He said he’d grown up in the age of the “antibiotic bubble” in the United States, following the invention of the polio vaccine.
“There wasn’t anything that science, and hence in the private sector of pharmaceuticals, couldn’t cure or protect us from,” recalled Matthews. “And all of a sudden, Mother Nature robbed us of that illusion, rather dramatically.”
Matthews would continue with the agency throughout much of what would become known as the HIV pandemic.
“Here’s a disease that’s spreading, we’re not quite sure how it’s spreading, you die a horrible death, there is no treatment, there is no cure. There is no vaccine. Does that sound familiar?”
From his experience, Matthews said pandemics are always political.
“Public health messages become weaponized in a highly polarized political environment,” said Matthews. “HIV was like catnip to politicians. It was called a ‘gay disease’ — there was pressure by Republicans to try to spin AIDS in a way that helped the 1984 re-election.”
The administration of Ronald Reagan has been widely criticized for its response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Reagan himself did not publicly acknowledge HIV until 1985, when over 12,000 citizens had already died of the virus. The federal government ignored, and sometimes laughed at, the HIV pandemic, said Matthews, largely because of who was first experiencing it. The president’s base had little interest in fighting the virus they believed they could not contract and were suspicious of government spending that interfered with the free market economy.
“Sound familiar?” Matthews again added. “COVID doesn’t have the same stigma, but it is at least as politicized now.”
All of the people NCHN spoke to talked about seeing the same “collective willful ignorance,” as Matthews described it, to the novel coronavirus pandemic.
“The comparisons I’ve noticed are less the disease itself and more about our kind of social-cultural response to it,” said Derrick Matthews of UNC, who shares no relation to Gene Matthews. “I think that we see a lot of parallels with the kind of very poorly coordinated response.”
Though the country’s initial response to COVID-19 was much faster than it was to HIV/AIDS, eventually leading to a nationwide shutdown, the United States remains disproportionately represented in the global pandemic death count — accounting for 5 percent of the world’s population but 25 percent of total COVID-19 deaths — due, in part, to the delayed response of the federal government to early warnings about the threat of the virus’s spread.
Even today, as COVID-19 cases spike in 22 states, the pushes to reopen continues. President Donald Trump is considering ending the national coronavirus emergency and depending on political affiliation, citizens may disagree about the severity — or in some cases, existence — of the disease at all.
“I think people have a tendency to go into denial mode. You can see it right now in Raleigh,” said Batch, who continues to live in the area. “There’s crowds of 20-and-30-somethings where a lot of the restaurants and bars are, and they’re not wearing masks and they’re not doing social distancing.
“They’re not worried about it, because they’re young — they think it can’t happen to them. A similar thing happened with HIV, where people said, ‘Well, I’m not gay, so I’m not going to get it,’” he said. “Of course, there were some unpleasant surprises about that.”
Pandemics are not a ‘great equalizer’
Public health emergencies always ask us to confront our nation’s ongoing relationship with racism and bigotry, experts said.
“The kind of hatred and bigotry that’s surrounded a lot of conversations about the virus is just pure racism,” said Derrick Matthews. “You know, it seems like forever ago, but at the beginning of 2020 this was the ‘Chinese virus,’ or the ‘Wuhan virus.’
“That naming of it really made me think of HIV because you know the early name for HIV — even the CDC had called it the ‘4H Disease.’”
Before the agency had an official name for HIV/AIDS syndrome, the public often referred to the virus as the ‘4H Disease’ — the primary risk groups were Haitians, hemophiliacs, heroin users, and homosexuals.
“It was very pejorative,” said Gene Matthews. “I don’t like to repeat it. Because there was a certain racial undertone, particularly when talking about homosexuals and heroin users, of ‘They’re getting what they deserve.’
“But just like now, the virus attacks those with less health care resources.”
The novel coronavirus has disproportionately impacted people of color in the United States. Black people account for over 30 percent of all hospitalizations from the virus nationally, despite making up just 18 percent of the population. In North Carolina, with currently available racial data, 34 percent of COVID-19 deaths are Black people, who make up just 22 percent of the state population.
“There’s very much a segregation of who’s becoming sick and dying,” said Derrick Matthews.
And though many of the historical narratives around HIV have predominately featured white gay men, Derrick Matthews said HIV was no different.
“The severity of that inequity was so intense, that I think part of the reason the faces of Black gay man and Black trans folks are so erased from that retelling is because, well, they’re gone,” he said. “As devastating as it was to gay men and queer men broadly, my friends and colleagues and I talk about this: We didn’t have an entire generation of people who could mentor us on what it would mean to walk through the world in this country as a gay Black man.”
The first known person to die of HIV may have actually been Robert Rayford, a 16-year-old Black boy from St. Louis, in 1969. (His strain of the virus slightly differed from the one that led to the HIV pandemic in the 80s and continues to infect people today.)
“HIV definitely affected the African American community, and still affects African Americans, much more than the non-Hispanic white community,” recalled Batch, who himself is white. “Gay Black men and women had a double whammy, but they were not only oppressed by society for being gay.”
Evolving ideas around intersectionality have paved the way for broader understanding of how different identities interact — a person can be both gay and a person of color, for example.
“In the 80s and early 90s, there were kind of the ‘gay concerns’ around HIV and there were kind of ‘Black concerns’ around HIV,” said Derrick Matthews. “When in fact, people who had identities rooted in both their Black race and their gay sexual orientation were the ones who were doing the work. Yet they were the very ones who were being ignored.”
Pandemics spur political action
The HIV crisis, and the federal government’s response to it, spurred LGBTQ people to protest for better health conditions. The pandemic politicized many members of the LGBTQ community, and the work the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and other queer organizers led to changes in health policy such as faster and more widespread availability of experimental treatment drugs.
J. Clapp, executive director of the LGBTQ Center of Durham, points out that Black LGBTQ people have continued that work. Two of the three founders of the Black Lives Matter movement, Alicia Garza and Patrisse Cullors, identify as queer. From the beginning, organizers have stated defending LGBTQ life was a key part of the movement.
He believes that the current COVID-19 pandemic may have further politicized members of the Black LGBTQ community — contributing to more widespread participation in the recent spate of protests following the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Tony McDade and other people of color killed at the hands of law enforcement.
“Black people are just tired,” said Clapp. “They were at Stonewall, they were there to fight Reagan during the HIV epidemic in the 80s and 90s. And here we are again, fighting for Black Lives Matter, in the middle of COVID.”
The pandemic has put on display how intimately racism is tied to health. It’s also given some LGBTQ people unprecedented space to engage in activism.
“I don’t know that this protest would be so large and prolonged without COVID,” said Clapp, noting that many LGBTQ people, particularly those of color, were disproportionately impacted by gig economy and restaurant closures, creating opportunity and added incentive for them to participate in protests. “Because racism is the actual public health crisis.”
Derrick Matthews echoed these sentiments.
“COVID-19 and police violence are essentially two sides of the same epidemic of racism,” he said. “The criminally negligent response to COVID is certainly a kind of more covert form of racism, but I think this is the critical piece people are not getting: These protesters recognize fully the threat of COVID, because it’s affecting their communities more. And they’re outside, marching, anyway.
“It’s a completely logical, and I think on-point assessment that racism and all of its poison fruit are the real threat to people’s health and safety,” he added. “COVID is just another manifestation of it.”
The pandemics are ongoing, while access and treatment reflect health disparities
Both pandemics are still ongoing.
“A lot of people think that because PrEP is a reality, the HIV pandemic is over,” said Clapp, referring to the treatment-as-prevention drug regimen that can arrest the spread of HIV. “But there are still new transmissions. There are still people who are living with untreated HIV. We’re on a good path, but we still continue to struggle to get PrEP and other resources into the hands of our most marginalized, which typically include people of color and trans people of color.”
COVID-19 may even worsen the ongoing HIV crisis.
“I’m worried we’re going to see a lot of people fall out of HIV care and really start to undo the progress that we’ve made,” said Derrick Matthews. “So much of health insurance is tied to employment, and we know that people of color were among the ones to lose their jobs the most.
“Many queer and trans people were in the service and gig economies. It puts these groups in even more jeopardy.”
As scientists race for a vaccine for COVID-19, some members of the LGBTQ community remain similarly concerned about who will have access to it.
“I can’t help but wonder if, just like HIV, we’ll come up with this really great solution that’s really effective, but it’s going to get into the hands of people that need it the most, less,” said Derrick Matthews. “If it ever gets there at all.
“I hope this really does get people thinking more broadly about what it means to live in a country that does not prioritize the health of its citizens? And I think we’re finding out.”
“If a vaccine occurs, it’s going to be difficult getting it out. And there’s gonna have to be a bit of sorting about who gets it first,” said Batch. “I hope it’s done on a vulnerability basis, and not some ‘dog whistle’ criteria — where you don’t come out and say, ‘Well, we’re not gonna vaccinate you because you’re Black or brown or Spanish or undocumented, but we’re gonna do some other criteria that basically means there’s only like 2 percent of you that can get it.’”
Pandemics require behavior change
Changing human behavior in the face of a pandemic is difficult.
“It is not that easy to inspire or require the harm reduction behaviors that are appropriate to the new normal,” said Dr. Myron Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases at UNC, at a June 24 health briefing on COVID-19. “We’re being asked to do a thing inconsistent with the general behavior of our species.
“We have had the same problems with HIV in inspiring risk reduction behavior. We know how the virus is transmitted, and as we’ve known how it’s transmitted we’ve had to inspire lots of behavior changes, which when used, are very effective. But they’re hard to sustain.”
And with COVID-19, prevention behaviors depend on everyone, not just those at high risk for suffering the worst outcomes of the virus.
Gene Matthews, the former CDC official, said the HIV pandemic had to move out of marginalized communities for the majority of the public to take notice.
“We got to a point where the majority of people in the country knew somebody with AIDS,” said Matthews. “Of course, AIDS was a death sentence.
“I’m not quite sure we’re there yet, where everybody in this country knows somebody personally that died of COVID. But believe me, we surely will be, unless some miracle [behavior change] occurs.”
Derrick Matthews, of UNC, said he’s often wondered if the public would be more concerned if “the face of COVID-19” looked different. Yet at the same time, he, like the other Matthews, is worried there may be a bigger cultural problem.
“There are literally people who think it’s made up,” said Matthews. “Literally. I hope we don’t have to have to get to the point where basically everyone needs to know someone who died of COVID. But it feels like that’s where we’re heading. And that’s … strange.”
But Brad Batch said he’s hopeful about individuals who are changing their behavior.
“I’m 68 years old. I’ve looked back, and I’ve seen this kind of stuff before,” said Batch, who said he lost count of the number of people he knew who died of HIV. “The thing is, you need to have hope. How do you respond to pandemics? You roll up your sleeves and get down to work.
“With HIV, we marched, we did ACT UP, we handed out condoms on the street corners. They say you need to wear a mask, and you have a mask shortage? Well, you make some damn masks. And that’s how you get through this. I’m confident we’ll get through this.” | <urn:uuid:3635e715-d1d0-4ec0-b18f-02a545ca4780> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2020/06/30/reflecting-on-two-pandemics-faced-by-the-black-lgbtq-community/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499911.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201045500-20230201075500-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.971509 | 3,845 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Air conditioning – invented 1902 – The human body can work efficiently only in a narrow range of conditions. People give off about 60 Watts of heat continuously into the surroundings, and more during heavy exercise. The temperature of the body is maintained by the evaporation of sweat from the body. For comfort, both the temperature and the relative humidity need to be low.
Conventional air conditioning consists of setting the humidity at an acceptable level, while reducing the temperature. A humidity level of 50% is usually comfortable. The most common method of reducing humidity is to cool the air using a conventional air conditioner. The water vapor condenses and is drained off. Now, the air is very cold, and needs to be heated back up to room temperature before it is released back to the air conditioned area.
Relative humidity – the moisture contained in any given air mass relative to the temperature of that air. Homes have a HVAC device (heat, ventilation, and air conditioning) consisting of an outside unit that contains a compressor and condensing heat exchanger, and an inside air handler consisting of a large fan and evaporator heat exchanger.
In the A/C mode, liquid Freon or equivalent, is pumped into the evaporator in the air handler in the house and is allowed to vaporize. This process will cause the surface of the tubes and fins to get cold. As the big fan takes air out of the living space and forces it through the cold evaporator, the air gives up its heat to the vaporizing refrigerant. The loop continues by pumping the hot vapor outside to the compressor where the heat is squeezed out by compressing the vapor back into a liquid then cooled by a fan in the condensing heat exchanger. If you hold your hand over the unit you can feel the heat being blown out of the heat exchanger. This is the heat that was in the house. The cooled liquid is pumped back into the house and the process starts all over again in a continuous loop. Now this moisture laden warm air from your living area is chilled well below its dew point and the result is that water collects on the evaporator coil and drips down into an internal pan where by gravity, it is piped outside. A “U” shaped trap keeps some water in the pipe at all times to prevent warm outside air from being drawn into the air handler. So we get a lower temperature and a reduction in humidity.
Engineering at home
- clogged air handler water drain
- condensate water around a/c drain
- bleach or drain cleaner “T” access pipe
- replace air handler filter
The water draining from the air handler is distilled water because it has come from vapor. Distilled water has no contaminants so when it reaches the outside any bacteria or bugs just love it. In hot summer temperatures, this water can turn into thick green pond scum that can block off the draining water. Now the condensate pan can run over and the condensate will head right for the things touching the floor. Carpet, wood floors, cabinets, it all gets wet depending on how long the problem is allowed to go unnoticed.
Most air handlers have a ¾ inch white PVC pipe at the bottom that carries off the condensate. In many installations that pipe goes down into the slab and comes back up outside. That pipe should have a “T” with a cap that allows you to put in some bleach or drain cleaner to keep it sterile. A little cleaner (2 or 3 ounces) often is better than a lot not so often. If your unit doesn’t have a “bleach T”, put one in or have one put in and use it. Many air handlers have an auxiliary pan under the unit that drains in an obvious place so you’ll know when the primary drain is clogged. Some units have a float in the “bleach T” (you will see two wires sticking out of the top) that will shut the unit down if the water backs up enough to float the switch.
To keep the fan from clogging with dust there must be an air filter on the vacuum side of the air handler. The better the filter the more dust it will trap and therefore must be changed more often. Most good filters will last only about 3 months during the air conditioning season. Clogged filters will cause many problems like not passing enough warm house air to keep the coil from freezing. And the more dust and dirt in the filter, the harder the fan motor has to work to get the air through the system. This will reduce capacity and increase the power consumption and less performance. A badly clogged filter can collapse and get drawn into the fan. A reputable A/C service business can do a spring and fall tune up. It’s not that much and it could save a bundle. –Les Lowman Nov12
What’s the problem?
- Ask – What temperature range is comfortable? Does that change over 24 hours? When do you like it warm? When do you like it cooler?
- Imagine – What are some ways we have to be comfortable indoors?
- Plan, Create * Improve
- condensation – the reverse of evaporation – that is, when a gas or vapor becomes a liquid, usually by cooling.
- heat exchange
- humidity, temperature, compression, condensation, heat exchange
Here are some challenges for you to work on…
- DIY Air Conditioner – make this air conditioner (or something similar) using inexpensive materials, including some you have on-hand | <urn:uuid:bde0502b-2e40-409b-b6fa-7160e5b86349> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://engineering4kids.org/2019/02/03/heating-and-cooling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.930338 | 1,179 | 3.46875 | 3 |
By Ben Blanchard | Reuters
BEIJING, China, 26 September 2019
Chinese President Xi Jinping will oversee a massive military parade through central Beijing on 1 October to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
It is China’s most important and high-profile event of the year. The government has taken no chances, shutting down parts of the city for rehearsals and tightening security as it readies for a show of might and pageantry.
Here is what the anniversary is about and what will happen.
Rebirth from civil war
Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic from atop Beijing’s Gate of Heavenly Peace on 1 October 1949, at the tail end of a vicious civil war with the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek, in which millions died.
Chiang and the remains of his government fled to Taiwan that December after a last stand in southern China failed.
With the country in ruins, Mao embarked upon an ambitious rebuilding project with the help of the Soviet Union, as China was largely isolated from the Western world and especially the United States, which retained ties with Chiang in Taiwan, recognising his as the legal Chinese government.
Since embarking on landmark reforms beginning in the late 1970s, the country has emerged from isolation to become the world’s second-largest economy.
Xi has made national renewal a central theme of his administration, wanting the country to become a respected and wealthy member of the international community.
Critics, including many Western politicians, say that campaign has come at the expense of a crackdown on civil rights and the locking up of perhaps 1 million Uyghurs, a mostly Muslim ethnic minority, in China’s at times violence-torn far western region of Xinjiang.
All anniversaries in China are sensitive, with the party eager to control the narrative and not let dissenting voices spoil the atmosphere.
In the case of the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown this June, the government sought to quash any remembrances, lest they remind people of the party’s often bloody past.
This year’s National Day is extra sensitive, as 1 October is also a holiday in the Chinese territory of Hong Kong, which has been roiled by mass pro-democracy protests for the past three months.
It is unclear what will happen in Hong Kong on 1 October, but the party will be hoping the world sees images of orderly troop formations and dancing civilians in Beijing rather than huge protests in Hong Kong.
On 1 October
The highlight of the day will be a military parade through central Beijing, overseen by Xi, who will also give a speech.
The military will show off new equipment, which is expected to include the Dongfeng-41 intercontinental ballistic missile that may be able to carry several nuclear warheads and reach the United States, supersonic drones, fighter jets and tanks, according to Chinese state media.
China has not invited foreign leaders, but foreign ambassadors based in Beijing will attend. Retired Chinese leaders will be on the podium with Xi, perhaps including former president Jiang Zemin, who at 93 is still active behind the scenes.
Ordinary citizens will not be allowed to attend, and Beijing will be locked down. The party will hand-pick the crowd watching from the square and participating in the civilian parts of the parade after evaluating potential attendees for loyalty and reliability.
The 1 October marks the start of a weeklong national holiday, one of the country’s two “golden week” vacations, when tourist sites across China are packed and Chinese travellers flock abroad.
Soon after the National Day holiday ends, the party and government are in for a busy few weeks.
Chinese negotiators are set to head to Washington for trade talks early in the month, and the party will in October hold a key closed-door meeting of its senior leadership – formally called a plenum – though the date has not been set.
In November, Xi will go to South America for a BRICS summit in Brazil and then APEC in Chile, probably the next opportunity for him to meet US President Donald Trump, assuming he also attends. Trump skipped last year’s APEC meeting in Papua New Guinea.
China’s slowing economy adds to the clouds on the horizon for Xi, and more supportive measures could be rolled out before the end of 2019. But Beijing is not expected to throw open the credit floodgates yet, wary of plunging the country further into debt.
In January, self-ruled and proudly democratic Taiwan, claimed by the party as China’s sacred territory since 1949, holds presidential elections. | <urn:uuid:aacd14b5-7a83-4eaa-85e0-7359c80ec361> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.tibetsun.com/news/2019/09/26/chinas-celebrations-to-mark-70-years-of-the-peoples-republic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.958942 | 976 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Nursing with focus on Temperature Regulation
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Look at the picture with four different curves. Which description best fits each curve? Rank answers here where the top is number 1, the bottom is the number 4.
That is incorrect, please try again.
Intermittent pyrexia is when the body temperature alternates between being high and low. At some pyrexial conditions, the temperature may be normal between each peak.
Chills: is when the patient is shivering uncontrollably and his/her teeth are chattering with cold because the body temperature increases rapidly.
Remittent pyrexia is when there are marked fluctuations in body temperature during a 24 hour period, which is commonly seen during viral infections.
Persistent pyrexia: is when the body temperature remains high for several days. Hourly variations are marginal or absent. | <urn:uuid:599fab0f-986e-4c9b-9e26-f97497fc208a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://en.tempreg.erasmusnursing.net/content/1-0-regulation-of-body-temperature/1-3-temperature-changes/ranking-task/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500154.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204205328-20230204235328-00692.warc.gz | en | 0.88845 | 225 | 3 | 3 |
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The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) is a small space telescope about the size and shape of a family-size cereal box. The mission which SPARCS will undertake is monitoring the flares and sunspot activity of M-type stars, also called red dwarfs, in the far- and near-ultraviolet. The purpose of this is to assess how habitable the space environment is for planets orbiting them.
SPARCS is aiming to be ready for launch by the end of 2023 to a Sun-synchronous orbit. | <urn:uuid:5b6ca75f-a106-490c-9ed5-05ed725bc7c1> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://sparcs.asu.edu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500392.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207071302-20230207101302-00852.warc.gz | en | 0.919001 | 149 | 2.828125 | 3 |
H18. COVID-19 pandemic
Background & findings
According to Moore, A., Lipsitch, M., Barry J., and Osterholm, M. (April 30, 2020) the coronavirus pandemic is likely to last as long as two years and won’t be controlled until about two-thirds of the world’s population is immune. Because of its ability to spread from people who don’t appear to be ill, the virus may be more hard to control than influenza, the cause of most pandemics in recent history. People may actually be at their most infectious before symptoms appear, according to the authors.
After locking down billions of people around the world to minimize its spread through countries, governments are in May cautiously allowing businesses and public places to reopen. Yet according to Moore, A., Lipsitch, M., Barry J., and Osterholm, M. (April 30, 2020) the corona virus pandemic is likely to continue in waves that could last beyond 2022.
Kristine A. Moore, Marc Lipsitch, John M. Barry, and Michael T. Osterholm (2020) COVID-19: The CIDRAP Viewpoint Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota April 30th, 2020 https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/downloads/cidrap-covid19-viewpoint-part1.pdf
Despite the challenges, or actually due to the challenges, it is necessary to stay strong and focused. We must all support each other, educate oursleves and others about FACTS and avoir rumours. Seek evidence before accepting a statement. Do not panick, then we may act in a way that increases the problems.
For HR&S it means continue with what we are doing, as this is something we strongly believe in depsite challenges, while adapting our activites to the new reality, thus limit the spread of COVID-19, take care of those already infected, while keeping our businesses going.
Information message about the COVID-19 in March
By Anna Ågren MD, PhD & Åsa Schlyter MD,
HR&S expert advisers, Stockholm, Sweden
A short message was shared by the HR&S Expert advisers on the 28 March 2020, to inform all our partners and RISE Centres.
The COVID-19 virus (the corona virus) is very contagious and presents serious issues for the elderly. It may be lethal to many of us, but in particular to people aged 70 years and older.
Symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to influenza. Symptoms include fever, rhinitis, sore throat, coughing and difficulty breathing. Some people get no or very mild symptoms but they can still spread the disease. Difficulty breathing is a sign of possible pneumonia and requires immediate medical attention.
If you follow these recommendations you will help prevent spreading the virus and save lives.
- Wash your hands often with soap and water.
- Don´t visit anybody if you have a fever and/or are coughing.
- Avoid crowds of people.
- Visit as few people as possible – stay at home if you can.
- Keep your distance to people – stand two meters apart.
- Do not hug or touch others in general and in particular old people.
Home businesses, mobile money and special delivery
HR&S proposal is to support home businesses. Thus our business owners add one component to their business offer. They add delivery to the customer. The customer will get the product devliered outside her home, and HR&S RISE Centres are in charge of the delivery system. The customer pay and place the order through mobile money, and we develop an app that shares about the products available. We need the authorities approval to have delivery motorbikes moving around. Coordination and accountability is ensured through our RISE Centres. | <urn:uuid:8775bf08-4883-4ad0-8fc5-ca29b11336bd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.humanrightsandscience.se/impact-reports-per-programme-h18-covid-19-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500392.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207071302-20230207101302-00852.warc.gz | en | 0.931124 | 836 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Martin Gadsby, Director at Optimal Industrial Technologies, looks at what digital twins are and how process analytical technologies (PAT) can help digitally clone manufacturing processes
There are a plethora of definitions and interpretations of what digital twins are. At their simplest, they are virtual replicas of physical entities that can be used to understand or predict real-world outcomes. These can represent single components, machines, end products, systems within a production line or entire manufacturing processes. Also, they can be static, i.e. not interact with their real-world counterparts, or dynamic by using sensor-based feedback received from the physical entities to adjust their models accordingly and deliver optimized outputs and forecasts.
Digital twins are suitable for a wide range of applications, such as product lifecycle management (PLM), predictive maintenance of industrial machines, personnel training in virtual environments. In addition, digital twins can support predictive manufacturing and advanced quality based Multi-Variate Statistical Process Control (MSPC).
In the medical plastic sector, a digital twin for quality based MSPC could mirror blow or injection molding processes, as well as post-production and finishing procedures, to predict how critical process parameters (CPPs), e.g. melt temperature or injection velocity, would affect real time product quality, durability and reliability.
Twin from another mother
The concept of digital twins, particularly when combined with MSPC, is relatively new, yet a well-constructed system based on Process Analytical Technology (PAT) will leverage both of these concepts, and as a result maximize your process’s quality and performance.
In fact, it provides a framework that is promoted by regulatory bodies, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to de facto create cyber-physical systems of entire manufacturing processes. As a result, businesses that are embarking with PAT can leverage their existing infrastructure together with new PAT technology and techniques to implement digital twins for Industry 4.0 applications.
PAT facilitates the creation of in-depth knowledge of the process in order to deliver accurate actionable insights. By understanding the correlation between CPPs and product’s critical quality attributes (CQAs) – measured in real time in-line, on-line and /or at-line by suitable analytical instruments, the process can be controlled in real-time based on quality predictions to ensure the end product will fulfil any given specifications. Manual or automated control is possible, as the process models can either ‘direct’ the operator as to the desired action or act independently.
For example, PAT has the potential for manufacturers of plastic-based medical and drug delivery devices to prevent thermal degradation of the polymers by finely tuning the extruder’s heating profile based on product quality predictions. The beating heart of a PAT-enabled system is the knowledge management software. This processes and stores data as well as turning it into knowledge to optimize the manufacturing process. It offers manufacturers a platform to control the process based on quality predictions and provides a mechanism for continual improvement where the process gains will further increase over time. These benefits are enhanced when a digital twin is implemented within the PAT knowledge manager, as it can greatly assist with the development, optimization and continual improvement process.
One of the most advanced and popular regulatory-compliant PAT knowledge management platforms currently available is Optimal’s synTQ. The software’s latest “test mode” function is a true process digital twin. It allows authorized users to run either partial or complete PAT Methods (or Orchestrations, as they are called in synTQ), virtually at any point during the process’s lifecycle. Thus this “test mode” digital twin can be used effectively to create and test the process data flows before the real process is started up, and then used to optimize the process as more data and knowledge is generated and the models are refined. The net result is that process start-ups are much more straightforward, and that improved models can be tested within the digital twin environment. Once the optimal virtual orchestrations been created, tested and set, operators can systematically connect these with the physical plant to transmit the optimal operating conditions. As a result, business can fine-tune their processes whilst incurring substantial savings in terms of cost, time, raw materials and waste.
In addition, synTQ can be used as a tool to realize wider Industry 4.0 principles, to help create an interconnected factory by linking Distributed Control Systems (DCSs) with higher-level Manufacturing Execution Systems (MESs). By choosing state-of-the-art solutions, such as synTQ, manufacturers of plastic-based medical and drug delivery devices can use reliable systems such as this to futureproof their plants and processes.
Image 1: Digital twins are suitable for a wide range of applications, such as product lifecycle management (PLM), predictive maintenance of industrial machines, personnel training in virtual environments.
Within the Optimal group, we have more than 30 years’ experience in the automation and optimisation of control and data management systems for the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, biotech, life science and other process industries.
The demands being placed on manufacturers in relation to getting products to market sooner, minimising development and production costs together with increasing product quality and business sustainability are ever increasing. Our primary aim is to deliver measurable improvements in all these target areas.
In addition to practical automation and system integration expertise, Optimal Industrial Technologies has also developed the world-leading PAT Knowledge Management software platform – synTQ® – which is used by over 60% of the world’s leading pharmaceutical and biotech companies, and is now being adopted by other process industries. synTQ has been a proven enabler of QbD via PAT by significantly increasing productivity and quality, while reducing waste, time to manufacture and time to market for batch and continuous processes.
Tel: +44 (0)1905 917477
Address: Progress House, Midland Road, Worcester, Worcestershire, WR5 1AQ, United KingdomReader Contact:
Optimal Industrial Technologies: Martin Gadsby
Tel: +44 (0) 1173 742 222
Address: 5 Monarch Close, Emersons Green, Bristol, BS16 7FH, United Kingdom | <urn:uuid:9baa80ea-6ed1-4ba0-8f96-322838a94bd3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://news.dmaeuropa.com/press-releases/the-digital-twin-is-here-and-you-may-be-closer-than-you-think-to-having-one-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500837.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208155417-20230208185417-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.924921 | 1,342 | 2.65625 | 3 |
From Scotland, around the world
Aberdeen ANGUS cattle breed was bred for the first time in Scotland around 1870 but breed history has its beginning in the mid eighteenth century. The ancestor of this race is the bull "Old Jock" that was born in 1842 which belonged to cattle breeder Hugh Watson.The mother of the Angus breed is "Old Granny" wich was also born in 1824 from the same breeder. It was the first registered Angus cattle. "Old Granny" lived 29 years and calved 25 calves from which 24 survived. Since then it has continuously improved the selection and breeding of this breed, spreading rapidly in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and more recently in Romania.
The specific growth of Angus cattle:
- Through strategic choice Angus cattle breed became specific for meat production.
- Angus cattle meat quality is being continuously improved.
- The breed continues to spread among cattle breeders worldwide.
Nowadays ANGUS breed is present everywhere. In the United States, Angus is the most popular meat breed and in our country and in Australia it sells Angus beef both in retail and peak cuisine. | <urn:uuid:096f0392-6217-40b6-8878-1c6cc59bb24d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://valdoforest.ro/en/angus-cattle-farm.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494976.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127101040-20230127131040-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.973338 | 235 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Is Peru a rich country?
Peru's economy reflects its varied topography - an arid lowland coastal region, the central high sierra of the Andes, and the dense forest of the Amazon. A wide range of important mineral resources are found in the mountainous and coastal areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. Peru is the world's second largest producer of silver and copper.
The Peruvian economy grew by an average of 5.6% per year from 2009-13 with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. This growth was due partly to high international prices for Peru's metals and minerals exports, which account for 55% of the country's total exports. Growth slipped from 2014 to 2017, due to weaker world prices for these resources. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, dependence on minerals and metals exports and imported foodstuffs makes the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices.
Peru's rapid expansion coupled with cash transfers and other programs have helped to reduce the national poverty rate by over 35 percentage points since 2004, but inequality persists and continued to pose a challenge for the Ollanta HUMALA administration, which championed a policy of social inclusion and a more equitable distribution of income. Poor infrastructure hinders the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. The HUMALA administration passed several economic stimulus packages in 2014 to bolster growth, including reforms to environmental regulations in order to spur investment in Peru’s lucrative mining sector, a move that was opposed by some environmental groups. However, in 2015, mining investment fell as global commodity prices remained low and social conflicts plagued the sector.
Peru's free trade policy continued under the HUMALA administration; since 2006, Peru has signed trade deals with the US, Canada, Singapore, China, Korea, Mexico, Japan, the EU, the European Free Trade Association, Chile, Thailand, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Honduras, concluded negotiations with Guatemala and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and begun trade talks with El Salvador, India, and Turkey. Peru also has signed a trade pact with Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, called the Pacific Alliance, that seeks integration of services, capital, investment and movement of people. Since the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force in February 2009, total trade between Peru and the US has doubled. President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI succeeded HUMALA in July 2016 and is focusing on economic reforms and free market policies aimed at boosting investment in Peru. Mining output increased significantly in 2016-17, which helped Peru attain one of the highest GDP growth rates in Latin America, and Peru should maintain strong growth in 2018. However, economic performance was depressed by delays in infrastructure mega-projects and the start of a corruption scandal associated with a Brazilian firm. Massive flooding in early 2017 also was a drag on growth, offset somewhat by additional public spending aimed at recovery efforts.
What is the GDP of Peru?
|Currency Name and Code||Peruvian (Nuevo) Sol (PEN)|
|GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP)||$371,290,000,000 (USD)|
|GDP - official exchange rate||$179,900,000,000 (USD)|
|GDP - real growth rate||2.4%|
|GDP Per Capita||$12,300.00 (USD)|
|GDP by Sector- agriculture||7%|
|GDP by Sector- Industry||34.5%|
|GDP by Sector- services||58.5%|
|GDP - composition, by end use||
household consumption: 63.2%
government consumption: 12.7%
investment in fixed capital: 23.8%
investment in inventories: 1.1%
exports of goods and services: 22.4%
imports of goods and services: -23.2%
|Population Below Poverty Line||31.3%|
|Labor Force By Occupation- agriculture||25.8%|
|Labor Force By Occupation- industry||17.4%|
|Labor Force By Occupation- services||56.8%|
|Unemployment - note||data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment|
|Fiscal Year||calendar year|
|Annual Budget||$58,150,000,000 (USD)|
|Budget Surplus or Deficit - percent of GDP||1%|
|Public Debt (% of GDP)||18.3%|
|Taxes and other revenues - percent of GDP||29%|
|Major Industries||mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture|
|Industrial Growth Rate||5%|
|Agriculture Products||asparagus, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mangoes, barley, medicinal plants, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, dry beans; poultry, beef, pork, dairy products; guinea pigs; fish|
|Exchange Rate per US Dollar||nuevo sol (PEN)|
|Child Labor - % of children ages 5-14||34%|
|Child Labor - # of children ages 5-14||2,545,855|
|Child Labor - note||note: data represents children ages 5-17|
|Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate||20.3%|
|Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate - note||note: domestic currency lending rate, 90 day maturity| | <urn:uuid:abd9e3a9-2831-44c4-80f5-1d683d931e86> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.countryreports.org/country/Peru/economy.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494976.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127101040-20230127131040-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.90283 | 1,267 | 3.265625 | 3 |
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- Romantic Writing: The History of Valentine’s Cards - February 10, 2016
Valentine’s Day, occurring this coming weekend in many countries, is an increasingly popular phenomenon worldwide. The date, style and manner of recognising the event can differ greatly by location, but aspects of the tradition can now be found on all continents, and in many places it is associated with the exchange of cards. An article in Gale’s Gale Academic OneFile suggests that, according to the Greeting Card Association, one billion cards are now sent each year, making Valentine’s Day ‘the second-largest card-sending holiday of the year, surpassed only by Christmas.’
Having previously heard hearsay that the event was the result of a relatively recent marketing collaboration aiming to increase sales, I became curious as to exactly how and why the tradition developed and, keen for more information, I turned to the Gale digital archives and databases.
Several articles on Gale’s InfoTrac platform look back to the genesis of the event. Many, such as ‘The origin of Valentine’s Day isn’t romantic’ in Gale Academic OneFile, point to Lupercalia, an ancient Roman festival of fertility when ‘men would match up with women after pulling her name from an urn’. Several articles also refer to the execution of a priest named Valentine in the middle of February, 270 A.D., for continuing to perform matrimonial ceremonies for soldiers after Emperor Claudius II had banned marriage in the military. This may have injected the necessary romance, but another legend provides a more direct route towards today’s written traditions; when imprisoned, St Valentine fell in love with the jailor’s daughter, leaving her a farewell note upon his execution signed ‘from your Valentine’ . If true, this would have been the first written example of ‘a valentine’ – the type of correspondence we now name after the original author – sparking the outpouring of similarly signed romantic notes in subsequent centuries.
Nineteenth Century U.S. Newspapers, however, includes a newspaper article from 1880 which suggests an alternative origin of the romantic epistles associated with Valentine’s Day, attributing the inception of written Valentines to Charles, Duke of Orléans. Imprisoned in the Tower of London after the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, he wrote many romantic verses for his wife in France, many of which are now held by the British Museum.
Perhaps the earliest surviving valentines written in English are those by Margery Brewes to her future husband, John Paston, composed in the mid-fifteenth century. They’re now part of the Paston Letters, a collection explored in several analytical works in Gale Literature (example 1, example 2). Norman Davis’ essay in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800 says ‘in the whole collection there is nothing to match the tenderness and charm of Margery Brewes in her two ‘Valentines’ to John III. She begged him “that this bill be not seyn of non erthely creature safe only your selfe”’.
By the Renaissance, the notion of a day for lovers in mid-February, and of poetic celebration of the tradition, was entrenched and familiar. Significantly, it is referred to by some of the most famous writers of the period, such as John Donne and, of course, Shakespeare in Hamlet (1603);
To-morrow is Saint Valentine’s day,
All in the morning betime,
And I a maid at your window,
To be your Valentine.
We also find traces of one of the most stereotypical phrases found in Valentine’s cards – ‘Roses are red, violets are blue…’ – in Edmund Spenser’s epic The Faerie Queene (1590);
She bath’d with roses red, and violets blew,
And all the sweetest flowres, that in the forrest grew.
Building on these early romantic verses and traditions, the sending of Valentine’s cards increased throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth century with the greater availability and reduced cost of postal delivery, which also contributed to creating the tradition of anonymity that still remains today. Initially they were hand-made and extremely intricate, but in the early 1800s Valentine’s cards began to be assembled in factories, and by the end of the century they were produced largely mechanically. It’s thought that around 60,000 Valentine’s cards were sent each year in Britain in the 1830s. Pre-Victorian Valentine’s cards are hard to come by, but many mass-produced cards survive due to the quantities in which they were made.
About the same time, the practice was brought to North America by migrating settlers, and it was there from around 1847 that some of the most elaborate and famous Valentine’s cards were mass-produced by Esther Howland. Previously Howland’s father, a stationer in Massachusetts, had imported cards from England. Taking inspiration from these English valentines, Esther designed her own cards, sourcing lace and other creative materials from England, and set up a production line of staff to create them. ‘She…gradually expanded the business to a $100,000-a-year enterprise and [had] a monopoly [on] valentine production in the United States.’
The Smithsonian Magazine, (available in Gale’s resource Smithsonian Collections Online,) published a couple of fascinating, image-rich articles in the 1970s and 1980s which discussed the beauty, quirks and context of the 60,000 Valentine’s cards held by the Smithsonian Institution.
We also find Valentine’s cards reflected social situations, with those from the American Civil War era featuring sweethearts parting or a soldier’s tent with opening flaps, and cards from the 1920s depicting women as flappers.
Another Gale resource, Gale General OneFile, includes an interesting article from Country Living that looks at the antique value today of cards made by Esther Howland, and others of a similar vintage.
Hot on the heels of these manufacturers, Hallmark was established in 1910 by the Hall brothers. From here, it is easy to see how valentines have evolved into the cards that flood our stationers each February – many still produced by Hallmark. Thus my brief probe into the Gale archives has shown that the written romances exchanged on Valentine’s Day have a long, rich and colourful history.
‘St. Valentine: The man, the myth, the legend.’ UWIRE Text 29 Apr. 2015: 1. ACADEMIC ONEFILE
“The origin of Valentine’s Day isn’t romantic.” UWIRE Text 14 Feb. 2014: 1. ACADEMIC ONEFILE
“St. Valentine: The man, the myth, the legend.” UWIRE Text 29 Apr. 2015: 1. ACADEMIC ONEFILE ; “The origin of Valentine’s Day isn’t romantic.” UWIRE Text 14 Feb. 2014: 1. ACADEMIC ONEFILE
“For Love or For Money?” UWIRE Text 14 Feb. 2012: 1. ACADEMIC ONEFILE ; “The origin of Valentine’s Day isn’t romantic.” UWIRE Text 14 Feb. 2014: 1. ACADEMIC ONEFILE
William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act IV, Scene 5
Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene (1590), Book Three, Canto 6, Stanza 6 | <urn:uuid:f4f44239-9d52-495f-a45a-1bc7e49c5707> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://review.gale.com/2016/02/10/romantic-writing-the-history-of-valentines-cards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499646.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128153513-20230128183513-00332.warc.gz | en | 0.942434 | 1,729 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Both sexual and asexual reproduction occur in this species; however, asexual reproduction is the dominant form. Arms voluntarily detach to form a new individual (known as autotomy). The new "daughter" has an identical genetic makeup to the parent.
In sexual reproduction, the sexes are separate. The females release many eggs. They are colorless and about 0.1 mm in diameter. The eggs are negatively buoyant upon leaving the female's gonopores (found on the arms). The development of larva is planktotrophic, meaning the larvae primarily survives by feeding on plankton.
Males have serially arranged gonads, with each arm containing several gonoducts. The gonads are particularly dominant before they spawn. At this time, gametes are released in the water, resulting in external fertilization. Some research has been done on the effect of the hormone 1-methyl adenine. When injected with the hormone, the starfish released their gametes, usually within three hours. The results varied depending on proximity to the natural mating season. For L. guildingii, the peak was in mid-summer in Australia (December). (Charonia Research, 1996b; Charonia Research, 1996c; Hendler, 1995; Meinkoth, 1981)
This is a bottom dwelling species that moves from its cover to feed. It usually stays hidden to avoid predation by fish. (Hendler, 1995)
Only small economic benefit is gained through the sales of. They may be purchased as pets for aquariums and are sold under the common name "comet stars."
causes no negative effects on the economy.
Some conservation efforts have recently been started in Puerto Rico and the U.S.Virgin Islands. In 1999 a Marine Conservation District (MCD) was established that prohibits fishing or anchoring of fishing vessels in an area around St. Thomas and the U. S. Virgin Islands. Numerous reef animals are being protected from pollution and harvest for aquarium sale. (Department of Commerce and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1999; Department of Commerce and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1999)
Renee Sherman Mulcrone (editor).
Adrianne Stropes (author), Southwestern University, Stephanie Fabritius (editor), Southwestern University.
the body of water between Africa, Europe, the southern ocean (above 60 degrees south latitude), and the western hemisphere. It is the second largest ocean in the world after the Pacific Ocean.
reproduction that is not sexual; that is, reproduction that does not include recombining the genotypes of two parents
an animal that mainly eats meat
the nearshore aquatic habitats near a coast, or shoreline.
an animal that mainly eats decomposed plants and/or animals
particles of organic material from dead and decomposing organisms. Detritus is the result of the activity of decomposers (organisms that decompose organic material).
animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature
fertilization takes place outside the female's body
union of egg and spermatozoan
a method of feeding where small food particles are filtered from the surrounding water by various mechanisms. Used mainly by aquatic invertebrates, especially plankton, but also by baleen whales.
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature.
A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. In insects, "incomplete metamorphosis" is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis.
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
an animal that mainly eats all kinds of things, including plants and animals
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.
a form of body symmetry in which the parts of an animal are arranged concentrically around a central oral/aboral axis and more than one imaginary plane through this axis results in halves that are mirror-images of each other. Examples are cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria, jellyfish, anemones, and corals).
structure produced by the calcium carbonate skeletons of coral polyps (Class Anthozoa). Coral reefs are found in warm, shallow oceans with low nutrient availability. They form the basis for rich communities of other invertebrates, plants, fish, and protists. The polyps live only on the reef surface. Because they depend on symbiotic photosynthetic algae, zooxanthellae, they cannot live where light does not penetrate.
mainly lives in oceans, seas, or other bodies of salt water.
an animal that mainly eats dead animals
breeding is confined to a particular season
remains in the same area
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south.
Charonia Research, 1996a. "Coral Reef Starfish, Chapter 3: Habitat" (On-line). Accessed 07/15/04 at http://www.charonia.com/charonia/chap3.htm.
Charonia Research, 1996c. "Coral Reef Starfish, Chapter 6: Sexual Reproduction" (On-line). Accessed 07/15/04 at http://www.charonia.com/charonia/chap6.htm.
Charonia Research, 1996b. "Coral Reef Starfish, Chapter 7: Asexual Reproduction" (On-line). Accessed 07/15/04 at http://www.charonia.com/charonia/chap7.htm.
Charonia Research, 1997. "Starfish species: *Linckia guildingii*" (On-line). Accessed 07/15/04 at http://www.charonia.com/charonia/species.htm.
Clark, A. 1977. Starfishes and Related Echinoderms. New Jersey: T.F.H.Publications, Inc., Ltd..
Department of Commerce, , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1999. "Coral Reef Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Initial Regulations; Federal Register 64 (213): 60132" (On-line). Accessed April 11, 2003 at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/1999/November/Day-04/i28830.htm.
Grzimek, B. 1972. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
Hendler, G. 1995. Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and he Caribbean. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
Jangoux, M., J. Lawrence, eds.. 1982. Echinoderm Nutrition. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A.Balkema.
Meinkoth, N. 1981. The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.. | <urn:uuid:e416fc83-5230-480f-af61-549864a959e1> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.animaldiversity.org/accounts/Linckia_guildingii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499646.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128153513-20230128183513-00332.warc.gz | en | 0.902851 | 1,583 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The Long-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma longirostre) is a medium-sized resident songbird of South Texas and eastern Mexico.
It is slender and long-tailed, averaging 26.5–29 cm (10.5–11.5 in) in length and about 70 g (2.5 oz) in weight.
Adults are brown above with a brighter rufous tinge on the rump and tail, off-white below with a black streak on each side of the throat (the malar) and heavy black streaks on the breast and belly, especially the sides of the breast.
There are two pale wingbars. The head is grayish, especially the face. The bill is black, fairly long, and slightly down-curved, and the eyes are orange to orange-yellow.
Immatures resemble adults but have less distinct markings and buffier wingbars.
Song / Call
The song is warbling and resembles other thrashers‘ songs but is especially rich and musical, though occasionally scratchy. Phrases are often repeated two to four times. A distinctive call is a “loud, rich whistle cleeooeep“ or “mellow, whistled tweeooip or ooeh“; other calls include “a loud sharp chak” and “a very rapid, sharp rattle chtttr” resembling calls of its close relative the Brown Thrasher.
This species is resident from South Texas through Tamaulipas and eastern Coahuila along the Atlantic slope of Mexico to central Veracruz. It occurs in brushy or thicketed habitats of all kinds.
It usually stays hidden on or near the ground, though it may sing from conspicuous perches. Its food is mostly insects and fruit; it searches for insects on the ground by energetically turning over (“thrashing”) leaves and other litter.
Nesting / Breeding
The nest is a bulky cup placed in thick low or mid-height vegetation and made of materials such as twigs and grasses. The female lays 2 to 5 eggs described as bluish-white with dense reddish-brown and gray speckles or greenish-white with tiny, dense, “dingy brown” speckles.
There are two subspecies:
- T. l. longirostre, brighter rufous above, from southeastern San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz south, and
- T. l. senetti, grayer above, from northern Veracruz north.
- BirdLife International (2004).Toxostoma longirostre. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 26 March 2007. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
- Howell, Steve N. G.; Webb, Sophie (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, p. 600. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
- Sibley, David Allen (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred Knopf, p. 412. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
- Long-billed Thrasher. All About Birds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved on 2007-04-05. Includes sound recordings.
- Long-billed Thrasher. The Birds of North America Online. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology and the American Ornithologists’ Union. Retrieved on 2007-04-5. Subscription required.
- Bird Info – Long-Billed Thrasher. World Birding Center. Retrieved on 2007-04-05. Includes sound recording and Texas range map. | <urn:uuid:11cd7302-1d9d-4645-8344-771782cd4000> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://beautyofbirds.com/long-billed-thrashers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499768.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129211612-20230130001612-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.864044 | 838 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Every week in the art area of the classroom, your toddler will have the opportunity to engage with a variety of activities to help them learn how to use different art mediums and offer your child the opportunity for self-expression. Activities include scribbling with crayons, chalking, clay or Play-doh, easel painting, and watercolor painting.
Side Note: Gluing and scissor cutting are available in the classroom as well to help develop fine motor skills but are not necessarily considered art or a form of self-expression at this age. When watercolor painting, the child obtains the tray from the shelf that includes paint, a small cup for water, a brush, and a sponge. Then the child obtains an underlay to put Featured Lesson in the Toddler Community under their work and protect the table. Next, the child puts on an apron and selects one paper from the supply shelf. At first, the child might only paint a few lines or dots, but over time, the child will work to fill the page. The child is encouraged to obtain another paper if they would like to encourage repetition and concentration. As always, the child is encouraged to clean up their underlay and tray with a sponge before returning it to the shelf. Through time, the child refines their grip of the paintbrush. What a gentle, inviting way to learn how to later hold a pencil for writing!
Why are art activities important?
Dr. Montessori once said, “Our schools prepare an eye that sees, a hand that obeys, and a soul that feels.” Through art activities, children learn how to “Our schools prepare an eye that sees, a hand that obeys, and a soul that feels.” -Dr. Maria Montessori use different art mediums refining the movements of the hand and at the same time children are given the opportunity for self-expression. Montessori toddler art emphasizes process As children explore watercolors or other art mediums, the emphasis is on the process rather than the product, allowing children to explore art materials and refine their skills without any emphasis on creating a piece of art. Children are, by nature, process oriented. Adults are, by nature, product oriented. Adults can easily and unknowingly shift the focus of art activities to creating an end product. As adults, we have to pause and be mindful of how we interact with children so that children do not lose interest in exploring art activities. Let’s just take a minute to acknowledge this is *HARD* as parents. We are often so excited to post a child’s artwork on the refrigerator or frame it on the wall. We ask the child is that a person? Can you fill the whole paper? Do you want to add more paint over here? Can you make a picture for Grandma? Children are confused and sometimes demotivated by this focus on the ‘end product.’ For many young toddlers they are just discovering the wonder of how crayons make color transfer to the paper or how paint can go on thin or thick. They are not really trying to create a picture at this age. Does this mean you shouldn’t hang your toddler’s art up in your house for display? No, but just remember this display is for your enjoyment.
When talking to children about art, it is appropriate to not stifle the child’s joy and artistic expression.
Examples of supportive responses: • No response at all; just observe and enjoy their wonder! • “I see you used a lot of red.” (neutral voice) • “You spent a lot of time on your drawing.” • “Tell me about your picture.” It is really important to try NOT to: • Make negative or positive value judgements on the work (pretty, beautiful, looks like xyz, why didn’t you fill the paper, etc.) • Respond in a way that would indicate that the child’s art makes you happy. We want children to engage with art out of their own desire, not to make us happy. • Make comments about painting for you or someone else. Instead, just save a piece to share with Grandma or Grandpa. You can support your child’s self-expression by offering crayons, chalk, and paint at home! Join them. Observe them. Enjoy the quiet moment. Have fun | <urn:uuid:0f86b3c4-b457-4acf-927a-25c6e5b026cf> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://stpaulsmontessori.org/watercolor-paint/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499768.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129211612-20230130001612-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.947609 | 921 | 3.875 | 4 |
(When you get to the CC website, search on “Trevor Potter” and several videos will come up. Select “Colbert PAC – Trevor Potter.”)
1. According to the former FEC chairman Trevor Potter, what is a political action committee (PAC)?
a) an entity created to lobby bureaucrats in executive agencies
b) a key solution to the collective-action problem
c) an organized group that makes policy-related appeals to government
d) a group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns
2. According to this discussion, which of the following is NOT allowable under the law governing nonconnected PACs?
a) spending money to charter private jets for personal use
b) using private contributions to advocate for a political party or policy
c) advertising on behalf of a favored candidate with their approval
d) soliciting money from ordinary citizens who have not volunteered their contact information
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the various types of PACs discussed in this video?
a) candidate committee
b) personal committee
c) joint fund-raising representative
d) party committee
4. According to the former FEC chairman Trevor Potter, what is a PAC, and what kinds of activities do PACs engage in?
5. Describe at least two examples of legal and illegal aspects of the organization and operation of political action committees that are described in this video.
6. Based on what you know about the function of PACs in federal elections, what are the advantages and disadvantages of this feature of American politics? | <urn:uuid:6a95f780-7a46-4467-b0d1-a213200bb070> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://submityourpapers.com/according-to-the-former-fec-chairman-trevor-potter-what-is-a-political-action-committee-pac/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499842.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131023947-20230131053947-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.830046 | 783 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Article: Palaeoecology of the mid-Cretaceous siphonate bivalve genus Goshoraia(Mollusca, Veneridae) from Japan
The mid-Cretaceous bivalve Goshoraia Tamura, 1977, endemic to Japan, is an early example of shallow-marine siphonate bivalves of the family Veneridae Rafinesque, 1815. Three species, including one new, are here described: Goshoraia minor Tashiro and Kozai, 1989 (Aptian), G. crenulata (Matsumoto, 1938; Albian–lower Cenomanian) and G. maedai sp. nov. (middle to ?upper Cenomanian). The habitats of Goshoraia have been extensively compared with those of common Cretaceous, nonsiphonate burrowers, such as trigoniids, which range from tidal flat and shoreface to shelf environments. Depth of burial, which can be estimated from the extent of the pallial sinus, increases from the ancestral G. minor to its descendants G. crenulata and G. maedai sp. nov., documenting that the ability to burrow within this genus improved in time. These morphological and palaeoecological changes may be related to the Mesozoic marine revolution during the mid-Cretaceous. | <urn:uuid:ebc722f3-b279-4319-a817-04bbe9b1f1cc> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/56/2/article_pp381-397 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499842.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131023947-20230131053947-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.88786 | 337 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Sexual harassment is a pervasive issue in educational institutes in Pakistan, affecting both students and staff. From unwanted physical contact to verbal abuse, sexual harassment can take many forms and can have severe psychological and emotional consequences for those who experience it. Unfortunately, despite efforts to raise awareness and implement preventative measures, instances of sexual harassment continue to occur in schools, colleges, and universities across the country.
In Pakistan, schools, colleges, and universities are considered to be safe spaces for learning and personal growth. However, for many students, these institutions can become a source of fear, anxiety, and trauma due to sexual harassment. According to a study conducted by the Aurat Foundation, a non-governmental organization working for women’s rights, 98% of female university students in Pakistan have experienced some form of sexual harassment. Furthermore, the study found that 60% of female students reported experiencing sexual harassment in the form of physical contact, while 40% reported experiencing verbal abuse.
The problem is not limited to female students, however. Male students also experience sexual harassment, although to a lesser extent. According to the same study, 20% of male university students in Pakistan reported experiencing sexual harassment. Additionally, a significant proportion of staff in educational institutes also reported experiencing sexual harassment at the workplace.
One of the major reasons why sexual harassment persists in educational institutes in Pakistan is a lack of awareness and understanding of the issue. Many students and staff may not even recognize that they have been subjected to sexual harassment, or may not know how to report it. Furthermore, there is a lack of clear policies and procedures for dealing with sexual harassment in educational institutes. This creates confusion and uncertainty, and can make it difficult for victims to seek help.
Another major issue is the lack of accountability for those who commit sexual harassment. In many cases, perpetrators are not held accountable for their actions, and may even be allowed to continue working or studying in the same institution as their victims. This sends a message that sexual harassment is not taken seriously and that there are no consequences for committing it.
To address the issue of sexual harassment in educational institutes in Pakistan, it is essential to raise awareness and understanding of the issue. This can be done by educating students and staff about the definition of sexual harassment, the consequences of committing it, and the resources available for those who have experienced it. Additionally, educational institutes should establish clear policies and procedures for dealing with sexual harassment, and create training programs to educate employees and students about the issue. Furthermore, creating a safe space for victims of sexual harassment to report incidents without fear of retaliation is key. This can be done by implementing independent and unbiased mechanisms for reporting and investigating complaints of sexual harassment.
It is also important to hold perpetrators accountable for their actions. This can be done by imposing appropriate penalties, such as suspension or expulsion, for those who are found guilty of sexual harassment. Additionally, employers and educational institutes should conduct thorough background checks on potential employees to ensure that they have not been found guilty of sexual harassment in the past.
In conclusion, sexual harassment is a pervasive issue in educational institutes in Pakistan that affects both students and staff. The issue persists due to a lack of awareness and understanding, lack of clear policies and procedures, and lack of accountability for perpetrators. To address the issue, it is essential to raise awareness and understanding of the issue, establish clear policies and procedures, and hold perpetrators accountable for their actions. By taking these steps, we can create a safer and more inclusive environment for learning and personal growth in Pakistan’s educational institutes.
Muhammad Usman Awan is a Blogger and Social Entrepreneur who founded first Anti Harassment Awareness Campaign “Stop Harassment Now”. The Purpose of this campaign is to empower and educate our Girls and Working Women against Harassment. | <urn:uuid:57a9aa64-8022-4e3f-a50a-903c0cc7b824> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://stopharassmentnow.org/harassment-educational-institutes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499919.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201081311-20230201111311-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.956503 | 775 | 2.9375 | 3 |
2018, Volume 1, Issue 8, Pages 9-32
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) achieved a recognizable place among English writers through the use of the stylistic features in his fictional language. This study is concerned with Dickens' unique fictional language, used in one of his novels entitled "Hard Times", in relation to phonological deviation from settled norms in English. It endeavors to show Dickens' manipulating language and the effects achieved through this manipulation.
This research investigates Dickens' use of language which deviates from the linguistic norm phonologically. As such, it is hypothesized that Dickens used phonological deviation to show the character's social class.
The study aims to analyze the types of phonological deviations in Dickens' "Hard Times". It determines the reasons behind these deviations, and how that reflects Dickens' philosophy and style in presenting class distinction in this novel.
According to the hypothesis, the research has come up with a number of the findings as a result of the stylistic analysis of phonological aspects carried out in this study. So, phonological deviation has a very important effect on the readers (and hearers).
Out of the stylistic analysis, the research has found out that the writer uses a language deviated from the literary convention or everyday speech. He uses two types of phonological deviation to achieve his purpose.
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Bimatoprost is an ophthalmic drug called Bimatoprost. It’s used to treat increased or raised pressure inside the eye. It can cause a condition known as Glaucoma.
Bimatoprost can be used by itself or in conjunction with other medicines. The optic nerve is injured in glaucoma, an eye disease. The nerve that is damaged causes increased pressure within the eye excessively.
Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution is a component of Bimatoprost; it is a prostaglandin analogue. It is used primarily for treating high pressure in the eye. It does this by stimulating the production of Aqueous Humor (fluid within the eyes) and reducing eye stress. The increased pressure could result in a condition called Glaucoma. If the pressure becomes excessive, it could cause loss of vision. One should only use Careprost 0.03% Eye Drops in the affected eye and keep contact with normal eyes away.
Bimatoprost is intended for use on the outside only. Before you use it, tear sealing and clean your hands thoroughly to prevent any disease. Contact lenses are a common item to wear, or wear them; take them off before using Bimatoprost. Then, you can put it back in 15 minutes after you have used Bimatoprost. Eye itching and hyperemia of the conjunctiva (inflammation within the eyes) in certain instances. Most of the adverse effects of Bimatoprost last for a short time, do not require medical attention and can resolve with time. Consult your doctor, however, if any side effects persist.
Use Bimatoprost only when your doctor prescribes it. Do not encourage self-medication or recommend the use of your medication to someone other than yourself. It is not advisable to stop taking Bimatoprost immediately as it can increase the pressure in your eyes. Avoid taking Bimatoprost when you are allergic to sulphonamides and suffer from severe kidney problems and liver diseases. Talk to your doctor before beginning Bimatoprost if you suffer from dry eyes and cornea issues. Additionally, it would be best if you did not stop Bimatoprost immediately because it could cause serious side effects. Don’t use any other medication for your eyes in conjunction with Bimatoprost without consulting your physician.
Uses of Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution
Glaucoma, Ocular hypertension (increased pressure in the eye)
Careprost Plus Eye Drop includes Bimatoprost it is a prostaglandin analog. It is most commonly used for treating high pressure in the eye. It does this by stimulating the production of Aqueous Humor (fluid within the eyes) and decreasing stress in the eye. Because of the pressure increase, it can result in a disease known as Glaucoma. When the pressure gets excessive, it could also cause loss of vision. One should only use Bimatoprost in the affected eye, and one must keep contact with the normal eye away.
How to Use it?
Bimatoprost is ophthalmic and comes in a solution (liquid) to be infused into the eye. It is typically injected into the eye(s) affected by the eye(s) every morning and night. Taking the drug around the same time throughout the day is recommended. Be sure to follow the directions on the label and ask your physician to clarify any aspect you don’t understand. Using Bimatoprost as directed. Don’t take it more than you need or use it more often than your doctor recommends.
You can keep it out of direct sunlight in a cool, dry location.
Side Effects of Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution
Bimatoprost may have side effects as with all medications, though not everyone experiences these. Eye itching may occur, and conjunctival hyperemia (inflammation within the eye), eye irritation, dryness or burning irritation to the eye, as well as eye tearing and headaches in a few instances. Most of the side effects of Bimatoprost last for a short time, do not require medical treatment and will improve as time passes. If, however, the symptoms persist, consult your physician. Bimatoprost eye drops could cause other adverse side effects. Contact your physician if you experience any unusual symptoms while using Bimatoprost.
Precautions and Warning
Don’t take Bimatoprost if you have an allergy or are hypersensitive to Bimatoprost, other antibiotics, or sulfa medicines. Inform your doctor of every prescription and non-prescription drug you take, including eye medicines or items that have aspirin and vitamins. If you suffer from kidney issues, uveitis, macular oedema or are pregnant or nursing, consult your doctor before taking Bimatoprost. A dose adjustment could be necessary. If you are taking other medications for the eyes, consult your physician prior. When wearing contact lenses or wearing them, you should remove them before applying Bimatoprost. You can replace it 15 minutes following the use of Bimatoprost. Ensure you wash your hands well before applying Bimatoprost to prevent any disease.
Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution may be in a relationship with other prostaglandin ophthalmic drugs such as latanoprost, tafluprost, travoprost, and unoprostone.
Careprost Plus Eye Drop is a prescription and non-prescription medicines Vitamins, nutritional supplements, vitamins and herbal supplements you’re taking or planning to take.
Drug-Disease Interaction Inform your doctor if you have had or have had any kidney or liver diseases, uveitis (eye inflammation), or macular oedema (building up of fluid within the eye, causing swelling.
It isn’t known if alcohol can cause adverse side negative effects when used in conjunction with Bimatoprost. However, drinking alcohol along in conjunction with Bimatoprost could cause liver damage. Therefore, Bimatoprost consumption should be avoided when using Bimatoprost.
Bimatoprost is one of the pregnancy category C medications. It can affect pregnant women and fetuses. Therefore, taking Bimatoprost is not recommended when you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant because it can harm the baby.
Bimatoprost is excreted by human milk. The amount of Bimatoprost that the nursing infant absorbs is unclear. Therefore, one shouldn’t consume it while nursing.
Bimatoprost may influence coordination and alertness. Therefore, working on machinery that requires concentration is not recommended.
Bimatoprost should be taken with caution, particularly in the case of any liver-related conditions or diseases. The dose could need adjustments by your physician.
Bimatoprost is used cautiously, particularly when you have kidney-related conditions or diseases. The dose could need to be adjusted with the help of your physician.
- Diet & Lifestyle Advice
Avoid drinking alcohol that contains Bimatoprost since it may cause you to become dehydrated and impact the pressure of your eyes.
Make an appointment with an optician every few months to keep track of the pressure on your eyes.
Include omega-3 fatty acids that are heart-healthy foods in your daily routine. You can also make use of cooking oils with low fat, such as soybean oil, olive oil, canola, and coconut oil.
A diet that includes green and leafy vegetables and fruits aids in lowering the pressure on your eyes.
Exercise regularly and get enough rest to prevent illnesses.
Fruits and vegetables containing Vitamin A and C help improve vision and recover from the disease’s effects.
You will get the medicine from Careprost Eye Drop Online Store USA. They are going to offer the medicine at best of the prices.
Submit your review | <urn:uuid:edc70a56-a2b7-4f07-bfdb-5bc6ef25ecf1> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.careprosteyedrop.com/bimatoprost-ophthalmic-solution-a-medicine-used-to-treat-high-pressure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500158.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205000727-20230205030727-00812.warc.gz | en | 0.917683 | 1,745 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Food flavors are not only determined by tastebuds, but also the size, weight and color of plates and utensils, according to researchers at University of Oxford.
Adding to an already growing body of research, a new study in the journal Flavour found that meal utensils can alter perceptions of taste just as much as the cuisine or plating. In three experiments designed to examine whether food tastes different by varying the color, weight and size of spoons, forks and knives, the study shows that generally food is perceived as more tasty when eaten with heavier cutlery on heavier plates.
(LIST: 5 Tips For Healthy Grilling)
The study’s co-author Vanessa Harrar tells TIME that color and weight are just examples of how we generate expectations, which the brain creates by learning from previous experiences and allowing it to sort of run on auto-pilot. “This is good because it’s less energy for the brain if it’s just relying on the past experience of what you learned,” she said. “But it’s not so good for eating because you’re not really experiencing or tasting the food in that moment.”
For instance, by removing expectations of how a consumer eats food the researchers found that the color blue as well as eating cheese off a knife cues saltiness. Also, yogurt is perceived to be denser and pricier when tasted from a lighter plastic spoon. While the research behind food perception is still new, Harrar says her study’s findings could help individuals with eating healthier.
“If we can bring people out of their habits or automatic behavior, they’ll have an opportunity to change their behavior,” she says. “Whether that’s using blue cutlery or eating off of funny plates, it’s something that really makes you pay attention to the situation.”
This new study adds to a growing body of research indicating that people’s perceptions of flavor and fullness aren’t just related to what they’re putting in our mouths. Co-author Charles Spence contributed to another study published in Food Quality and Preference in 2012 that found that the color of a plate can significantly change the way people perceive the food on top of it. A group of 53 subjects thought that the same strawberry mousse was on average more intense, sweeter and more enjoyable when placed on a white instead of black plate. And it’s not just the color that matters.
According to another study, published in the May 2013 issue of Pediatrics, if the plate is smaller, consumers will take and eat less food. Even the size of the utensil can reduce eating because using an over-sized fork makes diners feel like they are making a bigger dent in their dinners with each bite.
If just using a different utensil can curb an appetite, this body of research might give countries struggling with obesity a shortcut to slimming down.
– with reporting from Claire Groden | <urn:uuid:818d0d4e-91bf-4347-9417-cf4fe6e5b8a6> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://newsfeed.time.com/2013/07/01/plated-palates-how-cutlery-influences-food-flavor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500334.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206082428-20230206112428-00012.warc.gz | en | 0.949824 | 624 | 2.96875 | 3 |
In the creation that took place in Ginnungagap we were introduced to the primal ice first, and so it is when the worlds are to be destroyed, at least in a sense. This is the second Fimbulwinter, where the elements themselves begin to turn against the divine order and rip apart the landscapes of our planet and beyond. The first Fimbulwinter took place in the Ancient Time (Ár Alda), when Volund turned against the Gods, Frey and Freya were handed over to the Etins, and Idun, along with her apples, went missing from Asgard. This is likely a mythic rendition of the Ice Age that took place long ago.
Such an Ice Age is foretold to take place again right before the final battle:"Then will come the second Fimbulwinter. Snow will drive in from all directions; the cold will be severe and the winds will be fierce. The sun will be of no use. Three of these winters will come, one after the other, with no summer in between. But before that, there will have to be another three winters with great battles taking place throughout theworld." (LXXXI.3)The moon will either be outright destroyed or permanently hidden, for we are told that it will be eaten by Hati Managarm, and the sun will be spattered by its blood. "Because of this, the sun will lose its brightness, becoming black for summers hereafter" (LXXXI.2). This may refer to an eclipse of some sort, or perhaps even a complete breakdown of our stratosphere, the skies filling with poisonous clouds that will black out the sun and moon indefinitely. We are then told that the wolf "Skoll will capture Sol and offer her to Fenrir. The wolf will swallow the sun and mankind will think it has suffered a terrible disaster"(LXXXII.2).
The wolves are perhaps personifications of these deadly clouds, such as the one's seen during volcano eruptions (when Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE, burying the towns of Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabiae in ash and lava, its ash cloud blackened out the sun for several years). The reason we cannot assume that the sun and moon will be completely destroyed here is because the battle is said to continue after this. We know that if the sun and moon are eliminated there will be no battle, because Midgard would be immediately annihilated by such an event. We would lose our orbital direction, our planet would instantly freeze over, all oxygen would vanish, and nothing would be left alive. If the sun exploded we would be engulfed in the flames and reduced to cinders. It is possible that we will lose these celestial bodies in the nearer future, but our vision of the end could be something else altogether.
There are some scientists who predict that we are heading towards another Ice Age, which would be catastrophic for humankind. Whether or not this will be the Fimbulwinter we are here describing is anyone's guess, but we do know that occasionally we will experience polar shifts that can cause severe change in our climate. We accept that such an event is likely, and will face it courageously when it comes, for this is a part of the natural life-cycle of our world. Although we must be wary of those who mislead us for the purposes of a political agenda, we do understand the role that we play when it comes to conserving our natural resources. We are responsible for this planet, for we are its ultimate caretakers, but at the same time we must be able to accept that cataclysmic events will occur, no matter what we do or have ever done. | <urn:uuid:5354e4c3-16e7-4520-b0d4-99a6b5290a11> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://norroena.org/fimbulwinter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500619.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207134453-20230207164453-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.967537 | 755 | 2.75 | 3 |
A basement is an excavated area underneath a dwelling. A full basement refers to a basement that has the same dimensions of width and length as the dwelling above it, while a partial basement is typically smaller. This type of basement usually refers to excavation that only extends to half the length or width of the above ground structure.
Some partial basements are entirely underground, while others are excavated as “daylight” basements. This is a popular type of basement excavation for home building because it allows for one or more sides of the basement to be partially or completely above ground. This type of basement can have windows to let in sunlight, and generally makes the basement area more adaptable. For instance, basements that are completely underground may not be as suitable for living areas or bedrooms, as most homeowners prefer windows in these types of spaces. A partial basement with windows, however, can often be converted into rooms that are indistinguishable from above-ground living areas.
Converting a partial basement into a living area may not be a viable option if the basement is not constructed of stone or concrete. Sometimes basements are earthen, which means the area beneath the structure has been excavated, but not enclosed or reinforced. This type of basement is the equivalent of a big dug out hole underneath the dwelling, and finishing this type of basement after the structure above it is already complete is usually a very costly undertaking.
Earthen partial basements are more often found in very old structures, before the use of poured concrete was common. This type of basement was often referred to as a root cellar. In those days, homeowners frequently used these areas as places to store their plants during winter months. In addition, the root cellar generally offered an ideal environment for the storage of vegetables such as potatoes, which require darkness for extended periods of storage.
Homes or other structures offering a full or partial basement are generally preferable for a variety of reasons. Not only can the basement be converted into living space, it can be also be used for storage or recreation. In addition, a basement can sometimes provide safety during severe storms. In areas where tornadoes are common, having a basement can sometimes be the difference between life and death. Basement excavation is an especially good idea for people planning to purchase a modular or mobile home, because they are not usually as structurally sound as other types of structures. | <urn:uuid:4e865f3d-f7fd-42ed-83c9-68172d406896> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.homequestionsanswered.com/what-is-a-partial-basement.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500619.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207134453-20230207164453-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.956561 | 483 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The Carolingians were the pre-eminent military power in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire.
The military might of the Carolingians was based on the fact that their soldiers were very well-armed and carried high-quality weapons and armour.
A key part of a Carolingian soldier’s armour was the shield which was critically essential for use on the battlefield at a time when lances and spears were the foremost combat weapons.
Acknowledging the significance of the availability of good shields for successful warfare, Carolingian rulers took special care to ensure that their soldiers were well-supplied with ample shields.
Shields were used by both the cavalrymen and infantrymen in a Carolingian army. This came to be due to the fact that Carolingian shields were very inexpensive and even common soldiers could easily afford them, using them for some basic defence on the battlefield.
Compared to the Carolingian helmet, for instance, the Carolingian shield costs 1/6th of the helmet’s price. So while many footmen couldn’t afford helmets like the mounted warriors, they chose to own a shield.
Due to the widespread use of shields by all Carolingian troops, it became the most vital defensive armour for Carolingian armies.
Consequently, Carolingian monarchs such as Charlemagne specifically ordered different monasteries to include a definite number of shields in their annual tribute to the crown.
Charlemagne also ordered the availability of shield-makers in all districts of his Empire. Later Carolingian monarchs went so far as to order the inclusion of shield-makers in military campaigns.
This ensured that should the troops come in need of replacing their shields or using new shields, they would have shield-makers at hand to supply them with new shields without any delays. In protracted military campaigns, such a measure was particularly useful.
Very few extant historical sources convey any information about the shape and size of Carolingian shields. According to these sources, the regular Carolingian shield was typically round and concave in shape, being as large as 0.8 meters in diameter.
An interesting feature of the round Carolingian shields was the use of a sugarloaf boss in the centre which served to deflect the blows of an opponent and also as a pointed weapon of its own might.
It is important to note here that the design and shape of the Carolingian shields were significantly influenced by Anglo-Saxon and Viking shields.
Carolingian shields were usually constructed from wood with additional materials such as leather or metal to enhance the strength of the basic wood structure.
In some cases, radial arcs were used on the front of the shield. These arcs were often pieces of metal strips that were used to significantly reinforce the wood base.
Some Carolingian shields also made use of metal rims running around the perimeter of the shields and fixed in place by rivets, making the shields stronger and more able to withstand blows from an opponent’s weapon.
The backside of the Carolingian shields featured a fixed handle used as an arm-mount during combat and a strap that was used by the soldiers to carry the shield across their shoulders when not in use. | <urn:uuid:95ff4bd5-85ea-4c8e-9c01-3b2771da10f1> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-armour/medieval-shields/carolingian-shields/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499654.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128184907-20230128214907-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.979353 | 667 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Dental radiographs or x-rays are an important part of a complete dental exam. A complete set of 18 x-rays for adults and 10 x-rays for children are usually taken at the initial dental exam. Thereafter 6-8 x-rays called checkup x-rays are taken every 6 -12 months depending on the individual needs. X-rays are essential diagnostic tools for finding hidden interproximal cavities, cysts, tumors, impacted wisdom teeth, determining eruption times of permanent teeth by the extent of root formation and presence of supernumerary teeth (extra teeth).
Digital Radiography, offers some positive advantages over typical film X-rays. The most remarkable is the reduction of radiation exposure, by as much as 80%, which makes dental X-ray taking safer and minimizes concerns about radiation exposure. You should know that 2 dental x-rays deliver 5,600 times less radiation to an unborn child than an upper GI series, 80 times less radiation than a chest x-ray, and 4 times less radiation than a normal day of background radiation playing in the sun. Dental x-rays are necessary and both safe and effective.
Digital imaging has been used by the medical community to make diagnostic information more accessible and more valuable. It is now available for dental offices. These dental x-rays are taken using electronic sensors that send the image directly to a computer. This image is displayed on a LCD monitor, can be enlarged, and can help the patient visualize and understand the doctor's treatment recommendations more easily. It also faciliates the doctor's diagnostic ability in "zooming in" and enlarging a specific area of the x-ray. The digital image only takes 10-15 seconds to appear on the monitor. A side benefit is that digital X-ray is also environmentally friendly. The sensors used do not contain lead foil, like conventional dental film, that needs to be recycled or disposed of as hazardous waste. Also, there are no chemicals or water involved in generating an image, reducing pollution and water consumption.
Digital X-ray generates pictures that are diagnostically equivalent to film based images. Many image enhancement tools allow many viewing options. They allow zooming, brightness and contrast control, reversing, colorization, and other features that can be used to assist the dentist in diagnosing dental problems. The images also can be transmitted electronically for either insurance purposes or to another doctor involved in treatment.
Kids really enjoy being able to actually see their X-rays on the computer screen. It helps them to understand their condition better and gets them involved in treatment. By placing a large image of an x-ray on a monitor that the child can see, we can begin to include the child in the diagnosis. It is a great teaching tool.
Taking the image:
A small, flat sensor is placed in the patient's mouth next to the teeth. The sensor is connected to a computer by a thin wire. Next, an X-ray beam is sent through your teeth and into the sensor, which records the image of your teeth and sends it to the computer. The sensor can then be repositioned to capture other sections of the mouth.
This wonderful new technology allows you to relax in your chair while simultaneously observing a real-time pictures of the inside of your mouth magnified beyond normal size on an adjacent computer monitor! Not only does this make it simple to see and understand what the doctor is telling you, but it makes it simple for us to keep incredibly accurate records from one visit to the next.
DIAGNOdent aids in the detections of caries. Even very small lesions are detected at the earliest stage, enabling you to protect and preserve the tooth substance. The DIAGNOdent is significantly more accurate in identifying early stage lesions than conventional methods.
The KaVo DIAGNOdent has the unique ability to find “hidden caries”, a widespread phenomenon associated with the pervasive use of fluoride, which fortifies tooth enamel, However, despite the benefits of stronger enamel, traditional caries diagnostics, like the sharp explorer, once effective in the pre fluoride era, are no longer reliable. The implication of the current diagnostic challenge is that decay can progress under seemingly intact tooth structure, undiscovered and untreated by the clinician. The DIAGNOdent scans tooth structure with a harmless laser light, detecting sub surface caries. The device grades the lesion using a numeric scale, allowing the clinician to take appropriate action, before the decay can progress.
DIAGNOdent has received the ADA Seal of Acceptance which provides additional validation for the DIAGNOdent and demonstrates that the instrument has emerged as a new standard of care.
Our office uses state of the art sterilization to ensure patient safety. Sterilization and disinfection are the basic steps in instrument processing and surface asepsis. Sterilization refers to the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all forms of microorganisms, including the highly resistant spores.
We use Rapid Steam Autoclave at 275º F(35psi), for 15-20 minutes.
First, the instruments are prepared for the sterilization process. Patient debris and fluids are removed by placing the instruments in 3.2% glutaraldehyde for 40 minutes .Following this pre-disinfection step the instruments are transferred to an ultrasonic cleaner for another 15 minutes .Then the instruments are rinsed, dried, placed in self sealing sterilization pouches and sterilized in the autoclave. Instruments which can not be heat sterilized, are immersed in 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 hours to cold sterilize.
We use Biological, Chemical and Mechanical indicators to monitor our sterilization process.
Using bacterial spores to monitor the sterilization process is referred to as biologic monitoring (or spore-testing), and the bacterial spores used for monitoring the sterilization process are referred to as biologic indicators (BIs). Of the three methods, biologic monitoring is regarded as the most valid for monitoring the sterilization process, for it uses live, highly resistant bacterial spores. We biologically monitor our sterilizer once a week to ensure complete sterilization using spore strips and keep accurate records for our monitoring. These strips are enclosed in a glassine envelope and processed through the sterilizer. They are then sent to our spore testing center where they are tested for live spores.
Chemical monitoring involves using chemical indicators (CIs) that change color or form when exposed to specific high temperatures or to the sterilizing conditions within a sterilizer. This is referred to as chemical monitoring (or process monitoring). We use sterilization pouches that have special marking that change color when subjected to sterilizing temperatures.
Mechanical monitoring involves observing and recording the physical aspects (e.g., temperature, pressure, or time) of the cycle when the sterilizer is being operated. Our Sterilizer is serviced regularly to ensure proper functioning.
Barrier Controls - As recommended by OSHA and CDC our office staff wears protective eyewear, mask, and new gloves for each patient. For each patient light covers, head rest covers, suction tips, air water syringe tips , bibs and any item used that cannot be sterilized are discarded.
Disinfectants - These are used on chairs, counter tops, and other surface areas in all treatment rooms after each use.
Our goal is to provide the highest level of safety and comfort for our staff and patients. We are committed to staying current with the latest in infection control and sterilization guidelines. You can feel confident that your child's health is protected in our office.
All children need to brush their teeth at least two times a day, at night before bedtime, and in the morning after breakfast. By disturbing and removing the plaque formation twice a day, parents can minimize or eliminate their children's potential for decay. For younger children a parent should brush their teeth using a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. As the child gets older and you see they have the dexterity and patience to properly take care of their teeth, you may give over the task. But do periodically monitor their care. Toothpaste should be approved by the American Dental Association. Toothbrushes should be the proper size, smaller is better than bigger, and always use a soft nylon brush in a circular manner. This will prevent toothbrush abrasion, excessive wear of the enamel at the gum line. Also a toothbrush should be replaced when it is worn, bristles splayed, or after more serious colds, infection, Strep throat, etc.
Infants - Gum pads and teeth should be wiped off with a gauze or washcloth.
Toddlers - Parents should brush their teeth twice a day with a very small amount of toothpaste. Toothpaste has quite a bit of fluoride in it. If the child is allowed to swallow it, this can cause white or brown spots to occur on the developing permanent teeth. Use toothpaste sparingly with young children.
3-6 year olds - Let them brush, supervise them, and do the final brushing to make sure all surfaces of the teeth are cleaned. Also you need to floss their teeth as they get older as the posterior teeth get closer and tighter over time. Make sure they can rinse their mouth so toothpaste doesn't get swallowed.
6 and older - Continue supervision until you are sure they can brush and floss properly.
Your dentist may recommend the use of disclosing agents which help reveal the presence of plaque on teeth. Swishing with these agents before and after brushing will disclose the missed areas and motivate your child.
What is fluoride?
The fluoride ion comes from the element fluorine. Fluoride, either applied topically to erupted teeth, or ingested orally (called systemic fluoride) during tooth development, helps to prevent tooth decay, strengthen tooth enamel, and reduce the harmful effects of plaque. Fluoride also makes the entire tooth structure more resistant to decay and promotes remineralization, which aids in repairing early decay before the damage is even visible.
Where is fluoride found?
Topical Fluoride is found in products containing strong concentrations of fluoride (i.e., toothpastes, mouth rinses), fluoridated varnishes and/or gels either topically applied by a dentist or other oral health professional, or prescribed as an at-home regimen (particularly for persons with a high risk of dental caries).
Systemic Fluoride can be ingested through public and private water supplies, soft drinks, teas, as dietary supplements, some bottled water supplies. Once ingested, systemic fluoride is absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract and distributed and deposited throughout the body via the blood supply.
What health risks are associated with fluoride uses?
In general, fluoride consumption is safe. Health risks associated with Fluoridation usually are limited to misuse and over concentration. To avoid misuse and over concentration: Avoid drinking overly fluoridated water - results of this may cause teeth to become discolored, and may cause the enamel of the teeth to look spotted, pitted, or stained (a condition known as dental fluorosis). Avoid swallowing toothpaste and other dental hygiene products.
Call the local water department and/or the health department to evaluate the fluoride level in your local drinking reservoir. Children are especially vulnerable to dental fluorosis as their developing teeth are more sensitive to higher fluoride levels. Consult a pediatric dentist or other oral health care professional if you notice changes in the condition of your child's teeth.
Sealants protect the occlusal surfaces, inhibiting bacterial growth and providing a smooth surface that increases the probability that the surface will stay clean. The ultimate goal of sealants is penetrating into the pit and fissures of the tooth and sealing them from bacteria.
Indications for Use
Traditionally, sealants are thought of as a preventive measure for children and teenagers when they are in their “cavity prone years”. Patients who have xerostomia (decreased salivation), are undergoing orthodontic treatment, show evidence of incipient caries, or who are prone to caries should be evaluated as candidates for sealant placement. Primary molars also can benefit from the placement of sealants.
Space maintainers are appliances made to custom fit your child's mouth to maintain the space intended for the permanent tooth when it decides to come in. They do this by "holding open" the empty space left by a lost tooth by preventing movement in the remaining teeth until the permanent tooth takes its natural position in the child's mouth. This treatment is much more affordable and much easier on your child than to move them back later with orthodontic procedures. Think of space maintainers as insurance against braces.
Why are they important to children's dental care?
Well, baby teeth usually stay in place until "pushed out" by a permanent tooth that takes its place. Unfortunately, some children lose baby teeth too early. A tooth may be knocked out accidentally or be removed due to severe disease. When this occurs, a space maintainer may be required to prevent future dental problems. Space maintainers encourage normal development of the jaw bones and muscles, and save space for the permanent teeth and help guide them into position.
How can losing a baby tooth too early cause problems for permanent teeth?
Well, teeth are strange in that regard. Teeth attempt to "fill" any space available to them. If your child loses a baby tooth to early, the remaining baby teeth may tilt, drift, or move up or down to fill the gap. When this happens, they fill the space intended for the permanent tooth, and the permanent tooth can come in crowded or crooked. And this condition, if left untreated, may require extensive (and expensive) orthodontic treatment (braces or even surgery).
Space maintainers require any special care?
Yes, they do, and you as a parent can help. Make sure your child avoids Hard/Sticky foods (suckers, caramels, gum, popcorn, etc.). Teeth should be brushed after each meal and clean the teeth with bands especially well. Once a day, a fluoride mouthwash should be used to help prevent decalcification of the teeth around the band and wire. Do not try to bend the wire for any reason with finger or tongue. Notify our office immediately if the bands come loose or the space maintainer is damaged in any way. If a tooth erupts under the wire this also needs to be checked.
In order to avoid lengthy procedures & maintain a healthy disease free mouth we recommend recare every 6 months. This allows us to detect early signs of disease & provide appropriate treatment, leading to a favorable prognosis.
A child's first dental visit is an important step towards dental health. A child's first visit should be between 3 and 4 years old. The first dental visit is to help motivate your child and familiarize him or her to the dental instruments in a playful way. The Dentist /pedodontist will examine your child’s mouth to detect decay, assess tooth development, identify abnormal facial development, teach proper oral hygiene techniques and give guidance regarding oral habits. Depending on your child's co-operation few x-rays may be taken to help detect hidden cavities.
The first tooth usually erupts between 6-9 months of age. However there is a wide range of tooth eruption and it is not unusual for a child to have delayed eruption of teeth. When your child is teething he or she will be restless, may drool, gums may be sensitive, may have a low grade fever and diarrhea. Treatment can include - massaging sore gums with a finger or teething rings, placing ice or frozen rings on gum areas. The best remedy is your child's pediatric dose of Tylenol or fever reducing medication for pain. Orajel type products may work for a short period of time, but are not recommended.
Proper oral hygiene should be instituted as early as when the first tooth comes into the mouth. Teeth should be wiped off with a gauze pad, diaper or thin washcloth. A toothbrush is not necessary as most young children will chew on it and destroy it in a day. Toothpaste is not necessary as most children will swallow it. If toothpaste is needed due to stain on the teeth, a non fluoride toothpaste should be used until a child can spit out. Wiping off the teeth and gum pads will massage them and help reduce teething discomfort. Plaque will form on any tooth and the gum pads around them causing potential inflammation and teething discomfort.
Dental problems can begin very early. The primary cause of dental decay in young children is nursing or baby bottle tooth decay. A baby may get severe decay when he or she nurses constantly from the breast or a bottle containing milk or juice during bedtime or naps. A child should not be put to bed with a bottle of milk, juice, or sweetened liquid. If a bottle is used, only water should be used. A pacifier is preferable. It is advisable to stop bottle or breast feeding by one year of age.
Baby teeth serve the important function of eating, speech, and esthetics (self image). These teeth not only help form the developing jaws, but they hold space for the permanent teeth so that a normal bite occurs. The last baby tooth falls out at about twelve years of age. A decayed baby tooth can become so badly decayed that it can do damage to the permanent tooth. At times severe infections of the face, head, and neck can be caused by infected baby teeth. So it is important to restore baby teeth as soon as decay is first detected.
Teeth with dental decay can be restored with tooth colored fillings. If the decay is extensive it will require the restoration with a crown.
Tooth Colored Fillings
In the past; cavities could only be treated with unsightly metal fillings that are alloys for silver and mercury. These fillings, especially when close to the front of the mouth, are highly noticeable and unaesthetic. Sometimes, the filling is so large that it causes discoloration of the entire tooth. These fillings (or restorations) often weaken teeth due to the large amount of the original tooth that has to be removed. Also there is a risk of Mercury poisoning that is used in the filling. Modern dentistry has increasingly turned to Tooth colored or composite fillings as a strong, safe and more natural looking alternative. Composite fillings utilize a soft white plastic substance that is hardened with a blue light.
You can help us make this next visit a successful and positive experience for your child, by working with us to accomplish this goal. While taking to your child about this visit use positive words like fun, easy, tooth asleep, silver star, water spray etc. Do not use negative words like pain, hurt , needle, shot, tooth pulled etc.
The entire procedure will be explained to your child and you before the procedure is performed. Pedodontists are trained to deliver the local anesthetic painlessly. However we do offer nitrous oxide and conscious sedation if the dentist sees the need for it. Once the procedure is completed a piece of gauze referred to as tooth pillow is placed between the cheek and the teeth to prevent your child from accidently biting into the numb cheek and lip. When the anesthesia is wearing off your child will feel tingling sensation which may be annoying to some children. Reaffirm to your child that the tooth is waking up.
After treatment is completed you can help us to continue the positive experience by praising your child and referring to the "fun" time they had. Please avoid negative comments such as: Did it hurt? That wasn¹t so bad! You were so brave! Did you get a shot? Were you afraid? These comments could persuade your child in thinking there was a reason to be afraid, even though they were cooperative, had a good time, and may make their future visits more difficult.
Injuries to the face, mouth and teeth are common among children. We are here to help you in the time of an emergency. Do not panic, stay calm and determine the extent of injury. If your child has a facial /head injury assess whether or not you child's injury caused loss consciousness even for a brief moment. If this is the case, your child should see a physician immediately. Worry about the mouth and teeth later. Stop any bleeding with a clean washcloth or gauze. If there is swelling place cold compression on the area. As you do this, check for broken teeth and/or missing teeth. If there are missing teeth, look for them.
If any permanent tooth is avulsed, clean the tooth by handling it with the crown and not the root. Gently rinse the tooth of dirt with cold water. Do not unnecessarily scrub the root. Then place the tooth back into the socket. If you are unable to place it in the socket place it in homogenized cold milk or cold water and immediately see the dentist. Time is the determining factor for saving the tooth. If more than 30minutes has elapsed since the tooth was dislodged the prognosis is guarded.
Primary teeth are not reimplanted. An x-ray is taken to make sure all portion of the tooth is out. Pain medications are prescribed and the area is allowed to heal. Then an impression is taken to fabricate a space maintainer to maintain the space for the permanent tooth to come in.
Broken or chipped baby teeth
If the fracture is superficial, it can be restored with cosmetic bonding. If the fracture extends to the pulp or nerve inside the tooth a baby root canal treatment or coronal pulpotomy is performed. This is a very simple procedure and not as extensive as a root canal treatment done on permanent teeth.
If the fracture is below the gum line the tooth is removed and a spacer is placed to prevent drifting of teeth into the space and maintain space for the permanent tooth.
Gum boil or Abscess
This is caused by an infected tooth. The pulp or nerve inside the tooth is infected by decay. The abscess extends beyond the apex of the tooth into the surrounding bone, perforating the bone into the gum tissue causing a gum boil. The infected tooth cannot be saved. It has to be extracted to protect the permanent tooth bud from getting infected. The patient is first put on antibiotics and then the tooth is extracted.
If your child is having a toothache, clean the area around the tooth. Rinse the mouth with warm salt water and use dental floss to remove any trapped food between the teeth. DO NOT place aspirin on the gums or tooth. This will cause a burn to the gum tissues. If there is swelling, apply cold to the outside of the face. Take acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain. Call the dentist.
Cold sore or Canker sore
Some patients get canker sores periodically.There is no definite cause for a cold sore.It could be due to stress, vitamin or zinc deficiency or it may have a viral origin.Cold sores usually last for 7 days.There is no definite treatment for cold sores.Treatment is aimed towards relieving the pain either with over the counter medication or prescription medication.
We try to accommodate all emergencies on the same day. Please call early in the morning. If it is after working hours, please call our answering service and the doctor on call will call you as soon as possible.
Please do not hesitate to call us if you have any questions. Your comfort is our priority! | <urn:uuid:09ac242f-d180-4829-bda0-087eea7e81ae> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.dentalofficelosgatos.com/pediatric-dentistry-los-gatos-ca | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499654.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128184907-20230128214907-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.936683 | 4,894 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Conventional or Organic Fertilizer
The nutrients used by plants to support healthy growth are the same, whether they come from organic or conventional fertilizers.
What is the difference between organic and synthetic nutrients?
Conventional or synthetic fertilizers are created from natural sources of nutrients using manufactured processes. Conventional fertilizers provide nutrients in a concentrated form that plants can readily use.
Organic nutrient sources include legumes, animal manure, compost and crop residues. Organic nutrients are slowly released as materials decompose. Compost and manure provide additional benefits, such as increasing organic matter which contributes to building healthy soil.
Why don’t all farmers use nutrients from organic sources?
Many farmers choose to apply conventional fertilizers to crops because they don’t have access to large amounts of organic nutrients and/or they prefer conventional fertilizer because it is more precise – the exact nutrient content is known and the fertilizer releases the nutrients when the plants need it the most.
If farmers have livestock, they will often use a combination and put manure on crops nearby but supplement with conventional fertilizer to ensure the right balance of nutrients.
Journey 2050 Lesson: 1
This resource is a great addition to Lesson 1 – Sustainable Food and Agriculture
What are GMOs and are they okay to eat? What does organic farming look like? How are animals like chickens or cattle raised?
snapAG is a series of resources that invite students to explore the hot topics affecting the agriculture industry today. Topics range from organics, biotechnology, GMOs, livestock, and more.
Explore what’s trending in agriculture in Canada by browsing the topics here.
Sources available at: https://aitc-canada.ca/en-ca/learn-about-agriculture
snapAg is brought to you by Agriculture in the Classroom Canada and partners. | <urn:uuid:70ec42d1-f586-41fe-9d12-c37ca0428977> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.journey2050.com/conventional-organic-fertilizer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499654.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128184907-20230128214907-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.917987 | 380 | 3.125 | 3 |
The legal system of imperial China developed from two schools of thought: Confucianism and Legalism. Although both of them exerted a deep influence on China’s state-building as well as on its moral and legal traditions, at the beginning these two philosophies were bitterly opposed to each other, as they were based on entirely different principles (see: Xin Ren: Tradition of the Law and Law of the Tradition: Law, State, and Social Control in China, 1997, p. 19).
Confucianism (儒家) originated from the teachings of Confucius (551 – 479 BC), a Chinese scholar, politician and philosopher who lived in the Spring and Autumn period. The main body of the Confucian canon comprises the Four Books and the Five Classics (四書五經), texts which have been traditionally attributed to Confucius himself, although their authorship is not ascertained beyond doubt.
Confucius’ philosophy revolved around two concepts: the nobleman and the establishment of a well-ordered society. The nobleman (君子, pinyin: jūn zǐ , also translated as “gentleman” and “superior man”) is a term that in ancient China referred to the son of a feudal lord. Confucius, however, gave this word a new meaning. For him, a nobleman was such by merit and not by birth. The nobleman is a righteous individual, an example of filial piety, humane behaviour, virtue and propriety (Ren 1997, pp. 19-20; Lee Dian Rainey: Confucius & Confucianism: The Essentials, 2010, p. 42). Ideally, a well-ordered society is constituted of noblemen who put righteousness and propriety before selfishness and pettiness.
In the philosophy developed by Confucius and his followers, the law played a secondary role in shaping human behaviour. Instead of the legal system, early Confucian scholars emphasized the concepts of morality and ritualism. The term “ritual propriety” (禮, pinyin: lǐ), describes the “proper” social relationships and the set of rituals which regulate them. The fundamental social relationships are those between the emperor and his ministers, between father and son, between husband and wife, between brothers and between friends. Li “governs relationships between the ruling and the ruled, the senior and the junior, man and woman, and the blood-related and the acquainted” (Ren 1997, p. 20). Confucius placed great importance on language. He believed that for a society to function harmoniously all social relationships had to be named properly. This means that society needs social ranks and rituals so that each individual will constantly be made aware through language and rites which position he occupies in the social fabric and which behaviour is proper in dealing with others.
Confucian scholars believed that human beings were inherently good and nature endowed them with four fundamental virtues: humanity (仁), righteousness (義), propriety (禮) and wisdom (知). According to Confucian thought, men’s wrongdoing and bad behaviour are the consequence of negative environmental influences and lack of proper education. Wrongdoers could be taught to feel ashamed of their improper actions through education and moral persuasion. If men were brought up in a system in which social roles and ranks were clearly defined through language and rites, they would naturally internalize proper social relationships and society would function harmoniously. From this viewpoint, human beings do not exist as free individuals, but they are only small parts of a complex network of social relations in which everyone must fulfill their duties as subjects of the emperor, as fathers and mothers, as husbands and wives etc. (see Ren 1997, pp. 20-21). Confucians believed that if men acted according to ritual propriety and if the sovereign possessed all four fundamental virtues, then society would be prosperous and harmonious.
Contrary to Confucian belief in human beings’ inherent goodness, the Legalists assumed that men were by nature evil and that consequently they would commit crimes if state authority did not discipline them. Since human beings are selfish and greedy, the only way a state can function is by issuing laws and by severely punishing those who violate them. According to the Legalists, men are by nature unequal, since they differ in wealth, strength and status. However, the law should apply equally to all, so as to punish the guilty and reward the innocent (Ren 1997, p. 20). In the Book of Lord Shang, a classic of Legalist thought from the 3rd century BC, one reads:
If penalties are made heavy and rewards light, the ruler loves his people and they will die for him; but if rewards are made heavy and penalties light, the ruler does not love his people, nor will they die for him. When, in a prosperous country, penalties are applied, the people will reap profit and at the same time stand in awe; when rewards are applied, the people will reap profit and at the same time have love. A country that has no strength and that practises knowledge and cleverness, will certainly perish,2 but a fearful people, stimulated by penalties, will become brave, and a brave people, encouraged by rewards, will fight to the death. If fearful people become brave and brave people3 fight to the death (the country will have no match, having no match, it will be strong, and being strong it will attain supremacy (quoted from: Yang Shang: The Book of Lord Shang: A Classic of the Chinese School of Law, trans. J. J. L. Duyvendak, 1963, pp. 200-201).
The importance of the law and its equal application is exemplified in the works of Han Feizi (韓非, c. 280 – 233 BC), one of China’s most prominent Legalists. One of Han’s main concerns was how to prevent uprisings and treason, and how to govern in such a way that all subjects will obey the ruler. He wrote:
If you do not guard the door, if you do not make fast the gate, then tigers will lurk there. If you are not cautious in your undertakings, if you do not hide their true aspect, then traitors will arise. They murder their sovereign and usurp his place, and all men in fear make common cause with them: hence they are called tigers. They sit by the ruler’s side and, in the service of evil ministers, spy into his secrets: hence they are called traitors. Smash their cliques, arrest their backers, shut the gate, deprive them of all hope of support, and the nation will be free of tigers. Be immeasurably great, be unfathomably deep; make certain that names and results tally, examine laws and customs, punish those who act willfully, and the state will be without traitors …
In our present age he who can put an end to private scheming and make men uphold the public law will see his people secure and his state well ordered; he who can block selfish pursuits and enforce the public law will see his armies growing stronger and his enemies weakening. Find men who have a clear understanding of what is beneficial to the nation and a feeling for the system of laws and regulations, and place them in charge of the lesser officials; then the ruler can never be deceived by lies and falsehoods …
What the law has decreed the wise man cannot dispute nor the brave man venture to contest. When faults are to be punished, the highest minister cannot escape; when good is to be rewarded, the lowest peasant must not be passed over. Hence, for correcting the faults of superiors, chastising the misdeeds of subordinates, restoring order, exposing error, checking excess, remedying evil, and unifying the standards of the people, nothing can compare to law. For putting fear into the officials, awing the people, wiping out wantonness and sloth, and preventing lies and deception, nothing can compare to penalties. If penalties are heavy, men dare not use high position to abuse the humble; if laws are clearly defined, superiors will be honored and their rights will not be invaded. If they are honored and their rights are inviolable, then the ruler will be strong and will hold fast to what is essential. Hence the former kings held laws in high esteem and handed them down to posterity. Were the ruler of men to discard law and follow his private whim, then all distinction between high and low would cease to exist …
Use the single Way and make names the head of it. When names are correct, things stay in place; when names are twisted, things shift about. Hence the sage holds to unity in stillness; he lets names define themselves and affairs reach their own settlement (Han Feizi: Basic Writings, trans. Burton Watson, 2003, pp. 17-36).
Although Confucianism later became associated with Chinese civilisation itself, prior to the founding of the unified empire the Legalist school was in many respects more influential than Confucian thought. Legalists were involved in the administration of numerous Chinese kingdoms, whereas Confucians were mostly teachers and scholars. Although Confucianism had become an official orthodoxy, before the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) its impact on bureaucracy and state-building was relatively small. As a matter of fact, Qin Shihuang (秦始皇, 260 – 210 BC), the emperor who unified China for the first time in 221 BC, was aided by Legalist scholars – and not by Confucians -in establishing his new state. According to Legalist doctrines, Qin Shihuang created a government bureaucracy, a military force and a comprehensive taxation system. However, because of the cruelty and tyranny of the emperor, the Legalist school’s reputation was tarnished, as it was identified with punishment and the severity of the law as a tool of absolute imperial rule. In the Han Dynasty, China’s emperors turned to Confucianism, a philosophy regarded as more humane and benign than the cold rationality of Legalism.
The difference between Confucianism and Legalism can perhaps be most clearly observed in their respective interpretation of filial piety. Confucians saw filial piety as one of the fundamental human virtues. The Legalists, on the contrary, viewed filial piety as a hindrance to good governance. In the Book of Lord Shang, filial piety is listed as one of the “ten evils”:
If in a country there are the following ten evils: rites, music, odes, history, virtue, moral culture, filial piety, brotherly duty, integrity and sophistry, the ruler cannot make the people fight and dismemberment is inevitable, and this brings extinction in its train. If the country has not these ten things and the ruler can make the people fight, he will be so prosperous that he will attain supremacy (Shang 1963, p. 199, my emphasis).
The final purpose of the Legalists was the establishment of a prosperous and powerful state under the leadership of a capable and authoritarian monarch. The Confucians, on the contrary, wanted to create a peaceful, harmonious society which could be self-ruling through ritual propriety and moral virtues.
Yet despite all their differences, Legalism and Confucianism shared a common characteristic: they both endorsed the concept of the absolute monarchy. In this respect, neither of these philosophies ever offered an alternative to the traditional Chinese state form. They never questioned the legitimacy of the imperial idea.
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During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was embraced by the emperors as the best philosophy upon which to build the imperial state. As a result, Chinese law underwent a process of “Confucianisation”: moral values such as filial piety, family ideology, righteousness and moral virtue became the cornerstone of the legal system. The government abandoned the idea of ruling mainly by instilling fear in its subjects.
Jia Yi (賈誼, c. 200 – 169 BCE), a famous Confucian scholar and poet who lived after the fall of the Qin Dynasty, condemned the latter as tyrannical and proposed an alternative model of rule by virtue instead of rule by force. In his essay The Faults of Qin (過秦論), Jia Yi recounts the rise and fall of the Qin state and explained – from a Confucian viewpoint – why it collapsed only eight years after Qin Shihuang’s death:
With its superior strength Ch’in [=Qin] pressed the crumbling forces of its rivals, pursued those who had fled in defeat, and overwhelmed the army of a million until their shields floated upon a river of blood. Following up the advantages of its victory, Ch’in gained mastery over the empire and divided up the land as it saw fit …
[Qin Shihuang] discarded the ways of the former kings and burned the writings of the hundred schools in order to make the people ignorant. He destroyed the major fortifications of the states, assassinated their powerful leaders, collected all the arms of the empire, and had them brought to his capital at Hsien-yang where the spears and arrowheads were melted down to make twelve human statues, all in order to weaken the people of the empire. After this he ascended and fortified Mount Hua and set up fords along the Yellow River, strengthening the heights and precipices overlooking the deep valleys. He garrisoned the strategic points with skilled generals and expert bowmen and stationed trusted ministers and well-trained soldiers to guard the land with arms and question all who passed back and forth. When he had thus pacified the empire, the First Emperor believed in his heart that with the strength of his capital within the Pass and his walls of metal extending a thousand miles, he had established a rule that would be enjoyed by his descendants for ten thousand generations (Wm. Theodore De Bary, Wing-Tsit Chan, and Burton Watson, comps.: Sources of Chinese Tradition, vol. 1, 1960, pp. 151-152) …
Ch’in, beginning with an insignificant amount of territory, reached the power of a great state and for a hundred years made all the other great lords pay homage to it. Yet after it had become master of the whole empire and established itself within the fastness of the Pass, a single commoner opposed it and its ancestral temples toppled, its ruler died by the hands of men, and it became the laughing stock of the world. Why? Because it failed to rule with humanity and righteousness and to realize that the power to attack and the power to retain what one has thereby won are not the same (ibid., p. 152).
Jia Yi’s criticism exemplifies Confucian scholars’ dislike for Qin Legalist tyranny and their desire to renew the empire by stressing morality.
Nevertheless, Legalism was not completely discarded. Although Legalism was identified with the cruelty of Qin Shihuang, its emphasis on monarchical power, on the building of a strong state and its creation of legal mechanisms to control the populace through law and fear remained appealing. In spite of Confucian idealism, an emperor could not rule such a vast country solely by means of education, good example and moral persuasion.
Already Xun Kuang (荀況, c. 310 or 314 – c. 217 or 235 BC), a Confucian scholar who witnessed the chaos of the collapse of Zhou and the rise of Qin, integrated elements of Legalism into his philosophy. Xun’s basic ideas were Confucian in that he stressed moral virtue. He wrote:
Select men who are worthy and good for government office, promote those who are kind and respectful, encourage filial piety and brotherly affection, look after orphans and widows and assist the poor, and then the common people will feel safe and at ease with their government. And once the common people feel safe, then the gentleman may occupy his post in safety (Xunzi: Basic Writings, trans. Burton Watson, 2003, p. 39).
However, Xun also believed that men are by nature evil, a viewpoint he shared with the Legalists. As a consequence, he argued that laws and punishments are important for governing a state. Xun wrote:
These are the judgments of a king: no man of virtue shall be left unhonored; no man of ability shall be left unemployed; no man of merit shall be left unrewarded; no man of guilt shall be left unpunished. No man by luck alone shall attain a position at court; no man by luck alone shall make his way among the people. The worthy shall be honored, the able employed, and each shall be assigned to his appropriate position without oversight. The violent shall be repressed, the evil restrained, and punishments shall be meted out without error. The common people will then clearly understand that, if they do evil in secret, they will suffer punishment in public. This is what is called having fixed judgments. These are the king’s judgments (ibid. , pp. 44-45).
Similarly to Xun Kuang, Jia Yi also argued that propriety was not sufficient to govern a state and that the law was also necessary. He wrote:
Li can prevent sinfulness before it occurs, but law can reprimand wickedness after the wrong has occurred. Therefore, law is to be utilized for curbing evil, while Li has a difficult task that requires a lifetime to accomplish. Li cultivates people, virtue and benevolence whereas punishment penalizes abominations (quoted in: Xin 1997, pp. 22-23).
Dong Zhongshu (179–104 BC), too, believed in the supremacy of propriety, but he also emphasized the importance of the law as a subordinate instrument of governance. Therefore, the Confucian ideology the dominated the Chinese empire from the Han to the Qing Dynasty was heavily interspersed with fundamental elements of the Legalist theory, although these elements were downplayed in public discourse due to Legalism’s bad reputation.
According to Orville Schell and John Delury (Wealth and Power: China’s Long March to the Twenty-first Century, 2013), Legalism has been extremely influential up to this day. Many Chinese intellectuals, whether in the Qing era, in Republican China or in Communist China, have more or less consciously drawn on Legalist thinking. Most especially, the idea of “enriching the state and strengthening its military power” (富國強兵), an expression coined by the Legalists in the Warring States Period, resurfaced in the 19th century as a reaction to Western powers’ imperialist aggression. The debate about China’s defence against foreign domination and its self-strengthening was partly framed in the language of the Legalists (although new elements, such as Western nationalism, Communism etc. were added). The Legalist doctrine is therefore fundamental in order to understand China’s relationship between governing and governed, between law and state power, and between law and state-building not only in imperial times, but also in the Guomindang and in the Communist era.
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- Making China Modern: From the Great Qing to Xi Jinping, by Klaus Mühlhahn.
- The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State, by Elizabeth C. Economy.
*This article contains Amazon affiliate links and ads. If you click through the links and purchase any product on Amazon.com within 24 hours, we can earn a small commission at no additional cost to you. This is an easy way to support our work. We have also added some of our own books to the list, and we are working on releasing more. Writing content requires a lot of time and effort, and we rely on your support to make this possible. Another way to help us is to share our content on social media and subscribe to the website. We really appreciate your support. Thanks! | <urn:uuid:ea680651-1c7f-400c-ad5f-69c3e0152ba8> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://china-journal.org/2016/05/07/law-in-imperial-china-confucianism-legalism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499790.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130003215-20230130033215-00532.warc.gz | en | 0.962223 | 4,394 | 3.796875 | 4 |
The Footprints Project aims to make every Filipino a responsible traveler and an active steward of nature! The goal is to raise awareness on ways to minimize impact on the environment and provide practical, specific and actionable guidelines to help travelers become more informed, more involved, and more in touch with the natural world.
Follow the 6 STEPS TO RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL when on a trip and SHARE with friends!
1. Research your destination.
Learn about the destination, its culture and its ecology.
Traveling is best enjoyed when you have prior knowledge of the things, places, and activities that await you when you reach your destination. Not only will it keep your trip a positive and enlightening experience, it will also keep you safe.
2. Recognize rules.
Observe national and local laws and regulations.
You are a guest. Respect the law, the rules (both written and unwritten), and the customs of the destination. If flash photography is prohibited, then don’t do it. If touching animals and plants are prohibited, then don’t do it. If swimming is prohibited, then don’t do it. There’s a reason laws are passed and rules are made, and it is your obligation to follow them.
3. Reduce waste.
Minimize waste by reusing.
Reuse. Refrain from using plastic and other disposable materials during your trip. Bring your own tumblers and food containers. Plastic and styrofoam plates, cups, and utensils are non-biodegradable — and ugly, too.
Whatever you bring to the beach, you take with you when you leave. Dispose of your garbage properly.
4. Respect wildlife.
Kill nothing but time. Take nothing but photos.
Respect wildlife and their natural habitats. Do not step on, touch, or remove any items from the reef, including corals. Do not pick up a starfish only to leave it dry on the sand. The beach is part of a network of ecosystems and a web of life.
Souvenirs? Photos are the best and cheapest mementos. If you really want a souvenir, purchase products that are NOT made using threatened or endangered plants or animals.
5. Report illegal activities.
Report any illegal activity you encounter during your trip.
A dolphin being slaughtered? Report. Corals being harvested? Report. Dynamite fishing? Report. Open your eyes and take action.
You may download Save Phillipine Seas’ mobile app at //savephseas.mobilemo.com to report incidents that need to be addressed or simply log on to //savephseas.mobilemo.com/report.php and complete the form.
6. Repost and retweet.
Share your experience!
Write about your trip on your blog and share photos with friends and network via your social media accounts (Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagrm, etc) to encourage them to have the same positive experience. Recommend the travel agency, hotel, or attraction that you believe has good policies on sustainable tourism. Share these 6 steps to help in raising awareness about responsible travel. | <urn:uuid:ff2aa4bf-678b-4f41-ae2b-914a6ebc798e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.philippinebeaches.org/footprints/responsible-travel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499790.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130003215-20230130033215-00532.warc.gz | en | 0.913167 | 655 | 2.90625 | 3 |
All of us have dental plaque but it depends on how properly you maintain oral hygiene so that it does not become a problem. When there is a poor effort for plaque removal, it will eventually become tartar on teeth.
Plaque is a bacterial coating that accumulates on teeth on a regular basis. After you eat or drink, bacteria in plaque make acids. These acids can cause cavities and gingivitis by destroying tooth enamel (gum disease). Plaque can also form behind the teeth as well as gums on dental roots, causing the bones that support teeth to deteriorate. Plaque left untreated can harden into tartar, which is difficult to remove. To remove plaque behind teeth and that on the teeth, you need proper oral hygiene, which includes regular brushing and flossing.
Oral Care Tips for Plaque Removal
Here are some dental tips that can help you to remove plaque behind teeth and on teeth before it becomes more difficult to get rid of:
Brushing Twice a Day
Take a soft-bristled brush and brush your teeth with it twice a day. You should be using fluoride toothpaste. If possible, you should brush after every meal. Whenever you brush, you should spend around two minutes properly cleaning your teeth — covering maximum surfaces in the mouth.
Flossing Once Daily
To get rid of the debris between the teeth and reach areas of the mouth a brush may not, but it is important to floss once every day. You can use dental floss or other tools available in the market nowadays, which make it easier to floss. Studies have shown that flossing before brushing helps in more plaque removal.
Regular Dental Visits
You may not have any immediate dental health problems, but you should visit your dentist for dental exams and cleanings as scheduled. This does not allow excessive plaque build-up as well as helps in the detection of oral health problems timely.
Eating Healthy Foods
Among the many dental tips, it is important to maintain a healthy diet. There are several foods and drinks that can harm your teeth and gums, for example, those high in sugars and acids. However, there are also foods that can provide the vitamins and minerals essential for maintaining dental fitness.
Using a Mouthwash
Ask your dentist to recommend you a good mouthwash, which can assist you in better plaque removal. There are different types of mouthwash available in the market and a dentist can suggest the best one for you.
Chewing Sugarless Gum
When you do not have the option of brushing your teeth after a meal, chewing sugarless gum can be effective for cleaning your teeth and gums.
Dentist in San Diego
It is important to remove plaque so that you do not become a victim of serious oral health problems. Therefore, regularly visit your dentist in San Diego for your scheduled dental examinations and cleanings. Call or visit Fine Dentistry to learn more or book your appointment. | <urn:uuid:bb95d242-75da-4124-a14f-8f900191a969> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.sandiegofinedentistry.com/plaque-behind-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499845.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131055533-20230131085533-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.952313 | 606 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Health usually isn’t the most understood topic. A lot of people have formed ideas and beliefs about the world of health through old misinformation and stories passed down through the generations. In the last few decades, we have even seen major campaigns demonizing food that has been eaten by people for as long as humans have recorded events in history. To dispel some of these beliefs, this blog has been written to discuss a few of the myths about the causes of high cholesterol that society’s money-makers want us to believe. So, Champion, get the facts and know what the truth is about whatever the issue is you are focusing on to create your new NOW.
Say No to Eggs
In the 1980s, there were major ad campaigns aimed at discouraging people from eating eggs. This is because, at the time, people understood that eggs contained a high amount of dietary cholesterol, and the amount that they contained made up two-thirds of what nutrition experts were saying a person should intake at one time. As time has gone on, and more research studies have been published, it became clear that the cholesterol contained in eggs was much different than the cholesterol that we find in our blood. Eggs contain a large portion of the good fats that people need. Enjoy eggs!
High Cholesterol Only Affects Adults
Over the last 20 years, childhood obesity rates have increased by a more than unfavorable amount. Societal and community factors matter, too.
A good portion of people have believed in the bogus claim that children aren’t susceptible to high cholesterol or heart disease, but studies have proven that this is false. When children eat diets that are high in saturated fats and low in soluble fibers and HDL cholesterol, the body can begin to decline in health and experience arterial blockages just as easily as many adults.
If you are inclined, here is a link to an interview with Diane Schazxenbach, director of the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University, about new research she and colleagues published using various federal data sets to examine some of the long-term trends in obesity rates. https://stateofchildhoodobesity.org
The key to prevention is a solid diet of unsaturated fats with lots of HDL-producing foods. Having a balanced meal during younger years can also have a life-changing effect on later health.
This www.cdc.gov article About Healthy Food Environments discusses issues, concerns, and healthy food options to bring about change. https://search.cdc.gov/search/?query=child%20obesity&dpage=1
It’s Healthy If It Says No Cholesterol
One thing that food companies have been bad at, is labeling what type of fat or cholesterol that they are talking about when they make these claims on the front of their packaging. Generally speaking, when a package says, “No cholesterol“ they are talking about dietary cholesterol, which has far less to do with high cholesterol. A more accurate indication would be the number of trans fats or saturated fats found in packaged foods.
You should always talk to your doctor if you are concerned about your cholesterol so that they can guide you toward what to do or not do.
Wise research will guide you. Just begin with small choices that bring about smart change. Make the promise to create a new NOW for yourself and those you love. | <urn:uuid:f527d22f-b994-485e-996e-42b6d5108158> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://zitoprohealth.com/2023/01/17/myths-about-high-cholesterol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499934.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201112816-20230201142816-00692.warc.gz | en | 0.967467 | 690 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Bell’s Palsy & Nerve Injuries
What is Electrical nerve stimulation for Bell’s palsy and nerve injuries?
Bell’s palsy is a peripheral paralysis of facial muscles where a facial drooping happens all of a sudden. Physiotherapists treat Bell’s palsy and nerve injuries with electrical nerve stimulation therapy where a stimulation occurs using tiny electric impulses via electrode pads. Small electrical pulses are transmitted to face and its rhythmic contraction and relaxation using the timers in EMS machine help into relieving the superficial nerve pain and deep muscle pain.
How does it work?
Your physiotherapist will place the electrodes on the affected muscles and switch on the device to set up the parameters. Patients will start experiencing the contractions on their face when the tiny current pass on them. There will be a significant improvement in patients affected with Bell’s palsy and nerve injuries when this Electrical nerve stimulation treatment is given regularly.
Benefits of Ultrasound Therapy
- Re-education of Muscle contractions
- Increase in blood flow
- Maintenance of the existing mobility of the facial muscles
- Relaxation of the muscle spasms
- Reduction in pain experiencing due to nerve injury
- The natural alternative to painkillers
- Promotes healing | <urn:uuid:3ba057b8-b0d9-4054-bd59-ac5d6753151a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://zelusphysiotherapy.com/bells-palsy-nerve-injuries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500035.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202165041-20230202195041-00772.warc.gz | en | 0.860002 | 262 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Do you know about Menstrual Hygiene Day, which is observed annually on May 28th?
This Saturday is Menstrual Hygiene Day, which will be observed on May 28, 2022. If you are new to this topic, explore the blog to learn more about Menstrual Hygiene Day. Check out the various ways to celebrate this wonderful day with your loved ones: Magnificent Mothers, Sweet Sisters, and Wonderful Wives.
This article will give you a brief about “What is the meaning of Menstrual Hygiene Day?”, “How did it begin?”, “Why is Menstrual Hygiene Day Celebrated?”, and “How can you commemorate Menstrual Hygiene Day?”
Menstrual Hygiene Day
Breaking down menstrual taboos and raising awareness of the necessity of appropriate menstrual hygiene management around the world. Menstrual Hygiene Day (MHD, MH Day in short) is a yearly basis awareness day held on May 28 to emphasize the need for excellent menstrual hygiene management (MHM).
The menstrual cycle is among the most important bodily processes that a woman goes through. As a result, it’s no surprise that we get excited about our first period, often overlooking the importance of maintaining proper menstrual hygiene.
What Menstrual Hygiene Day is?
Each year on May 28, the world commemorates Menstrual Hygiene Day. This unique day is devoted to educating and informing the community about the benefits of managing menstrual hygiene (MHM).
Menstrual Hygiene Day was chosen for May 28 because most women’s menstrual cycles last 28 days and their menstruation phase last five days each month.
How did it start?
Menstruation, although becoming a normal yet healthy biological process, keeps going to threaten females’ basic human rights throughout many areas due to discrimination against women and inadequate sanitary circumstances.
Many women and girls continue to lack access to menstruation products and perhaps a clean toilet and clean water in which to clean themselves privately. Women and girls who do not have access to safe, private, and respectful menstruation sanitation may skip normal daily activities, be shunned by their families, or be humiliated by their societies, further marginalizing them commonly, monetarily, and legally.
Without menstruation items, women and girls are compelled to utilize makeshift materials to regulate the periods, such as shredded items of fabric & trash, which might cause diseases.
Why is Menstrual Hygiene Day celebrated?
As per the WASH Organization, a German non-profit organization and originator of something like the Menstrual Hygiene Day, the reason for commemorating the day on May 28 would be that the chosen based of a menstrual period is 28 days, as well as ladies, menstruate an average of 5 days each month, and May seems to be the fifth month of the year.
WASH United, a German-based NGO, ran a 28-days social media campaign in May 2013 to raise awareness about menstruation. People were drawn to this campaign, so they decided to establish an awareness and understanding day for mensuration. People throughout the world observed this day for the first time on May 28, 2014, by holding exhibitions, rallies, seminars, lectures, and screenings.
Another purpose for celebrating Menstrual Hygiene Day is to raise awareness about menstruation. There are still many underprivileged or impoverished areas where menstrual education is essential. Menstrual Hygiene Day is a Bloody Bold initiative by people in the health sector and government sector.
According to studies, 71% of teenage girls in India are unaware of menstruation until they reach menarche.
The 28th of May is Menstrual Hygiene Day every year. Mostly, The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days.
May is just the 5th month of each year, and there are five bleeding days on average per month.
1.8 billion is the estimated global population of menstruation women, girls, and gender non-binary persons.
The number of individuals worldwide who do not have a permit for essential sanitation is 2.3 billion.
How can you celebrate Menstrual Hygiene Day?
Break the stereotypes, and celebrate Menstrual Hygiene Day on 28th May 2022, this year. Step into creating more awareness with your loved ones. Check out the following ways:-
- Participate in a Different Discussion Session on the 28th of May about Menstruation.
- Watch the Menstrupedia web series by Blush Originals. It’s freely available on the Blush youtube channel. Explore the different facts and share them with others as well for creating more awareness.
- Choose brands like Amtrue and buy their Menstrual Kit. Gift that kit to your sisters, mothers, female friends, girlfriends, daughters, and cousins.
- Invest in some programs initiated by UNICEF, like MAHIMA (Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management for Adolescents Girls Project) and GARIMA Group.
- Post some informational facts on this Menstrual Hygiene Day with the Hashtags #WeAreCommited #menstrualhygieneday & #MHDay2022 and be a part of this new change.
Lastly, Make a statement that celebrates Menstrual Hygiene Day this year on 28th May 2022 with full enthusiasm. Make a chance together with AmTrue, A Made an India Brand that makes Made In Indian menstrual products which have no chemicals as well as toxins | <urn:uuid:7d193bb8-733f-494e-bb60-abab41e67ee0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://amtrueindia.com/2021/08/27/28th-may-menstrual-hygiene-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500076.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203221113-20230204011113-00852.warc.gz | en | 0.923885 | 1,148 | 3.125 | 3 |
By Pat Cody
DES Action Co-Founder and Editor of the Voice Newsletter
From DES Action VOICE newsletter, Issue 104 – Spring 2005
Over the years one of the most perplexing concerns expressed in the DES community has been whether DES exposure affected the neurological system and sexual differentiation. Our readers are aware of physical changes, such as the T-shaped uterus, the higher risk for breast cancer in mothers and daughters, and the risk for clear cell cancer in daughters. Experiments with mice show effects on the reproductive system that also appear in DES Daughters. However, reports on possible neurological effects on humans have not come from experiments but involve analyses of existing factors.
Here, some of the difficulties in getting a valid study are caused by a wide spread in the DES dosages mothers got, in the time in pregnancy when they got it, and for how long they took it. Some mothers began in the classic Smith & Smith regimen of four pills a day, increasing every two weeks until at the end – the 37th week – they were taking 125 mg. per day. This meant the DES-exposed daughter or son had DES during the critical developmental stages of his or her fetus. Other mothers had DES only in the last months, after most development had occurred and fetal life was concentrated on growth.
One 1983 research paper by Vessey, et al stated that, “sex hormones are, however, known to have effects on the organization of the brain in experimental animals with consequential behavioural effects.” Another, often cited, 1982 study by Melissa Hines, et al reported that female rats exposed to DES had altered features of childhood social play and “increased masculine mounting behavior,” while other researchers (Monroe and Silva) noted that same year a decrease in mounting behavior in adult male rats who had been exposed to DES.
Thus, it is apparent that DES did reach the fetal brain in these animals. In an ordinary human pregnancy, the mother’s estrogen does not reach the fetal brain. We do not know if DES did reach the brain and, if it did, whether it could influence brain development. There may be protective factors in humans so that DES would not have the same effects as it has shown in lower mammals. We have seen reports on animal models that similar environmental estrogens can significantly alter the normal biological process of sex and gender differentiation in the brain. Perhaps DES also has had these effects in humans.Yet Theo Colborn and her collaborators, in Our Stolen Future, write that
“Reports linking wildlife contamination with such unexpected behaviors as females sharing nests and feminized males inevitably raise questions about human parenting and sexual choice. Could hormone disruption alter these human attributes? The science on this is slender indeed. While emerging evidence suggests that variations in sexual preference may stem from differences in biology, scientists have only a dim understanding of the factors involved…”
Our readers may recall in our Spring 2003 issue #96 we summarized an article from the Journal of Epidemiology on psychosexual characteristics of DES Daughters and Sons. The data came from the survey of the ongoing study group followed now at the National Cancer Institute for nearly 30 years. Questionnaires were analyzed from 3,946 DES Daughters and 1,761 unexposed women and from 1,343 Sons and 1,356 unexposed men. Results showed that 95% of the subjects, male and female, whether exposed or not, reported exclusively heterosexual partners. One percent of all respondents, exposed or not, reported “mostly same sex.” On possible psychological effects, where questions were only asked of the women, 16% of the DES Daughters and 17% of non-exposed women reported diagnosis and treatment for mental illness – with depression accounting for 78% of the illnesses.
Without a doubt, more research is needed. We conclude with what a scientist once wrote, “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.” | <urn:uuid:c41291a6-6c23-4c8a-a368-177c81f63bf8> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://desaction.org/des-and-behavioral-and-sexual-side-effects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500076.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203221113-20230204011113-00852.warc.gz | en | 0.959917 | 797 | 2.859375 | 3 |
What does Condensing Mean?
ability is a feature you can see in both traditional and tankless water
heaters. Condensing water heaters absorb almost all the heat in the fumes
produced by the burning of propane or natural gas to the point that the water
vapor in the fumes actually condense instead of going out of the venting very
hot. This is achieved by letting the hot fumes travel through a secondary heat
exchanger where it transfers its remaining heat to the incoming cold water. As
a result, condensing water heaters are more efficient than non-condensing
units. An average tankless water heater with no condensation feature has an
energy rating of about 0.8 whereas condensing tankless water heaters usually
boast energy factors of 0.95 or above. Efficiency is the most important benefit
of getting a condensing unit and there are also other good things about them.
exhaust gases in a condensing tankless water heater are cooler, such a unit can
be vented with the more economic PVC unlike the mid-efficiency devices that
need an expensive stainless steel venting system to dump the very hot fumes
without suffering any heat damage. A condensing tankless water heater is a few
hundred dollars more expensive in comparison to a plain tankless unit with
similar features and from the same brand name but part of this extra cost is
compensated with cheaper venting appliacation. In other words, condensing
tankless water is not as expensive as it looks.
tankless water heaters usually have two ventillation pipes, one of outgoing
fumes and one for incoming fresh air while plain tankless water heaters generally
have concentric vents where the outgoing fumes go through an internal pipe
surrounded by a larger fresh air pipe. It is hard to say which one is better
but a point that deserves a mention is that Rinnai condensing tankless water
heaters are unique because they allow for both dual vent and concentric.
condensing water heaters have a drain pipe that takes the condensed water to a
drain. In some cases, neutralizers are installed on the drain pipe to prevent
the outgoing water, which can be mildly acidic to damage the drain system. Note
that Rheem condensing tankless water heaters have a built-in neutralizer. | <urn:uuid:2aa0684e-1c7b-4f89-aa35-1698e57c0832> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://sirgo.com/review-of-benefits-of-condensing-tankless-water-heaters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500076.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203221113-20230204011113-00852.warc.gz | en | 0.917886 | 506 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Protected health information (PHI) is the term given to health data created, received, stored, or transmitted by HIPAA-covered entities and their business associates in relation to the provision of healthcare, healthcare operations and payment for healthcare services.
What is PHI?
Protected health information (PHI) is the term given to health data created, received, stored, or transmitted by HIPAA-covered entities and their business associates in relation to the provision of healthcare, healthcare operations, and payment for healthcare services.
Healthcare survives on the data saved and utilized for successful patient care. This data regarding your medical treatment and history is collected across the entire healthcare ecosystem, and as such, this data is used to improve patient outcomes.
HIPAA defines protected health information. This includes individually identifiable health information. PHI must be kept secure by covered entities. Covered entities include providers, insurers, employers, and other parties who handle patient records.
PHI is a form of Personally Identifiable Information (PII). PHI includes all identifiable health data, including demographic information, past medical history, test results, and other information that could lead to the identification of a patient or provide healthcare service. This information is protected under the HIPAA Privacy Rule. The method of storage and transmission, whether electronic media or otherwise, does not affect PHI classification.
What is PHI vs PII?
PHI, or protected health information, is any type of health information, like physical or electronic health records, medical bills, and lab test results, that has individual identifiers. The confidentiality requirements surrounding PHI are very strict and violation of these can lead to severe legal consequences.
What Healthcare Information is Protected
The HIPAA Privacy Rule protects the privacy of protected health information (PHI). The Security Rule protects a subset of information covered by the Privacy Rule, which is all individually identifiable health information a covered entity creates, receives, maintains, or transmits in electronic form. The Security Rule calls this information “electronically protected health information” (e-PHI). The Security Rule does not apply to PHI transmitted orally or in writing.
Healthcare organizations deal with sensitive data about patients, including birth dates, medical conditions, and insurance claims.
What Happens when HIPAA is Violated?
Penalties are high for the violation of HIPAA, as they can be subjected to a penalty of $100 per violation and up to $25,000 for repeated violations. Penalties of $50,000 fine and up to 10 years of jail can be imposed for deliberate theft and use of protected healthcare data.
Examples of PII and Cybercrime
Identity theft is a primary goal for cybercriminals.
Cybercriminals often use personal identifying information (PII), such as names, addresses, dates of birth, Social Security numbers, credit card numbers, bank account details, etc., which they then sell on the black market or hold ransom using so-called “ransomware” attacks. Email phishing attempts can be sent to individuals, from cybercriminals pretending to be healthcare providers, and will ask for account information or enclose a link to a malicious website.
FBI statistics show that identity theft is still regarded as one of the fastest-growing crimes in the nation, capable of astronomical emotional and financial damage and hardship to the victims. As such, many governments have created consumer-friendly legislation regarding health service security policies to limit how this personal information is used and distributed.
Some Examples of PII include:
A personal identification number, such as a driver's license number, passport number, patient identification number, credit card number or social security number.
A name, including the full name of the individual, their maiden name or mother's maiden name, and any alias they may use.
Asset information, such as MAC address or IP, as well as other static identifiers that could consistently link a particular person.
Address information, like email addresses or street addresses, and telephone numbers for businesses or personal means.
Biological or personal characteristics, such as an image of distinguishing features, fingerprints, x-rays, voice signature, retina scan, or geometry of the face.
Information about an individual that is linked to their place of birth, date of birth, religion, activities, geographical indicators, educational, financial, or other medical data.
Under certain circumstances, one or two pieces of data can be brought together with other easily-accessible information to create a vulnerability for someone's identity.
Protected Health Information (PHI) is private information about your health. It includes your medical records, test results, and anything else that could help doctors treat you better. You may be surprised to learn that some people share this information without your permission. This law protects your privacy.
As shown, PHI refers to protected health information, which includes medical history, physical examination results, diagnosis, treatment plans, services rendered, payment for such items and any billing-related to them, etc., but excludes education records. It doesn't refer to any employment records kept by an organization as its role as someone's employer. In general, the regulations usually refer to several different fields which may be used to identify a person, such as a name, address, date of birth, social security number, driver’s license number, passport number, etc.
Protected Health Information (PHI) In Summary:
Names of patients/account holders.
All dates directly linked to an individual, including date of birth, death, discharge, treatments, and administration.
Telephone and fax numbers.
Email addresses, street addresses, zip codes, and county.
Medical record numbers, and health plan beneficiary numbers.
Social security numbers.
Biometric identifiers, including voice or fingerprints.
Photography: images of the full face or recognizable features.
Any unique number-based code or characteristics.
What are the Ways to Protect Patient Privacy and Confidentiality?
There are many ways to protect the privacy of individuals. You can protect confidentiality by keeping electronic files in a secure location with features like encryption, smart data leak protection, advanced permissions, and more. Other ways include ensuring that discussions about confidential information are held in private locations and written information is hidden from public view.
HIPAA technical safeguards are a key part of any HIPAA security program. Using cybersecurity to secure EPHI is a critical component of HIPAA. One of the greatest challenges of health care organizations is protecting patient information as the Internet changes.
In order to safeguard EPHI against threats and to prepare for future cyber attacks:
First, know how to spot phishing emails - and learn how to use strong passwords, two-factor authentication, and encryption.
Cybercriminals never sleep. Cybersecurity teams need round-the-clock threat intelligence to anticipate and track bad actors’ every move, and how they might attack healthcare organizations.
Intel 471 customers rely on TITAN, an intuitive intelligence SaaS platform built by intelligence and security professionals for intelligence and security professionals. It enables them to access structured information, dashboards, timely alerts, and intelligence reporting via the web portal or API integration.
But TITAN doesn’t stop there. Use TITAN’s programmable RESTful API to power numerous connectors and integrations, integrating and operationalizing customized intelligence into your security operations.
Intel 471 cybercrime intelligence empowers digital forensic experts and analysts to monitor and respond to threats in near real-time — enabling them to support the cyber defense mission with timely and actionable intelligence. These analysts can also explore the alert context in our intelligence reports and data collection giving them a richer understanding of your organizational risk to better mitigate threats. | <urn:uuid:00c17e01-4339-478a-b1ee-a4b2408fcad0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://intel471.com/glossary/phi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500250.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205063441-20230205093441-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.917097 | 1,585 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Pack of 8 hanging succulents
Water mostly from spring to fall and let them dry out between waterings.
The succulent thrives indoors in a well-drained container where bright sunlight bathes the plant.
Young plants should be watered Every day.
7) Ripsali bacciferra-
8) string of tears-
Pack of 8 hanging succulent
About the combo :
Succulents are the plants that store water /moisture in their thick leaves and stems to face drought conditions in future . Succulents are light loving plants and daily they require about 4 to 6 hours of sunlight .
Succulents are awesome indoor plants. They flourish well in dry condition. This combo possesses 8 hanging succulents .
Names of the succulents available in this combo:
- Burro's tail
- Jenny stonecarp
- Mesemb succulents
- Riparian baccifera
- String of tears
Soil required for succulents:
The soil potting mixture for succulents should contain a large part of sand .
The soil that has good drainage quality is required for succulents.
Too much organic matter should not be used in the soil because succulents are drought tolerant plants and store plenty of moisture in their leaves and stems .
Water requirements for succulents:
Watering in the succulents is done when the soil becomes dry completely.
Succulents do not require frequent watering .
In summer when the temperature is above 38 degrees then once a week watering is required whereas in winters once a month watering is required.
Rain water is best for succulents.
Sunlight requirement for the succulents:
Succulents thrive best when they get approx 5 hours of sunlight regularly.
While succulents love sunlight but the mid day/afternoon bright sunlight in summer is harmful for the plant .
In winters , succulents should be kept in a place where they can receive the brightest sunlight.
Fertilizer requirements for succulents:
Fertilization can be done in a few months in succulents.
Like other plants succulents also need nutrients for their growth and development.
How to propagate succulents:
Cut a single leaf or stem from the succulent very gently and plant this cutting separately.
Where to place succulents?
Succulents can be hung near the window where the plant receives enough sunlight for growth.
Benefits of having succulents:
- Succulents absorb harmful chemicals from the surroundings .
- Increases humidity .
We send all the succulents bare rooted/without soil because with soil the roots of the plant may rot .
Images are only for reference; the actual product may differ in shape and size .
The product is replaceable but non -returnable. | <urn:uuid:e309ad83-2df8-473f-ac16-995ed75b67df> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://urbanplants.co.in/products/pack-of-8-hanging-succulents | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500250.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205063441-20230205093441-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.878432 | 659 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Applying metallic epoxy paint is the way you create the coating. This paint type is made by use of epoxy-based resins and may be classified as the thermosetting epoxide polymer. Exteriors that receive this coating are resistant to ultra-violet light, heat, and corrosive chemicals. It may also adhere to various services like metals, glass, and fibers.
Added to the paint, there is a powder coating that needs the coating that has to undergo curing by use of high temperatures. You may apply this epoxy to appliances like the dryer or washer. You may also apply it to steel pipes to help in preventing corrosion. These powder coatings have diverse applications and provide similar durable, strong finishes like metallic epoxy paints.
After the application and mixing of the coating, it will require curing. This may vary in terms of minutes, hours, and days. In this process, the durable, strong, and resistant layer will form. This layer strongly adheres to the surface that it was applied to. You can create this bond because the epoxy seeps in the surface pore it was applied to. After seeping into the pores, hardening will start taking place. The solid forms; making two surfaces that are quite impossible to separate.
The metallic epoxy coating may be applied to many types of surfaces to create durable, strong bonds. Whether this paint or powder is used, the end results will last for long with the ability to hold high traffic.
You may also use epoxy in the repair of household products that are malfunctioning. For instance, if the table leg is wobbling, you can utilize the epoxy to secure the joint. It is acting like a hardener which creates a strong joint and gives it the durability that endures many stress forms it may experience. Other metallic epoxy applications can be in repairs of picture frames, broken locks, and components that have fallen from a device.
The metallic epoxy may serve as a substitute to many other glue forms that you may be used in the repair of your stuff in the household because it has the ability to provide very strong bonds. The epoxy is marketed for use at home and is differently formulated from those which are marketed for commercial use. They possess a strength variation because industrial components would just require a strong formula so as to keep the components together. However, home epoxies utilize still and strong formula to keep the stuff together and you can also visit https://www.customconcretetampa.com/ to get more assistance. | <urn:uuid:0096408d-45f4-486c-baa5-8c352c947d93> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.customconcretetampa.com/concrete-metallic-epoxy-tampa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500250.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205063441-20230205093441-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.955779 | 533 | 2.640625 | 3 |
MERCIER, JEAN ° (Joannes Mercerus ; d. 1570), French Hebraist. Born in Uzès, near Nîmes, Mercier was a pupil of François Vatable, whom he succeeded as professor of Hebrew at the Collège Royal, Paris, in 1546. Unlike his master, Mercier was a prolific writer, publishing works on Hebrew and Semitic grammar, Latin translations and editions of the Targums, Bible commentaries, and other books of Jewish interest. Owing to his sympathy with the Reformers during the French religious wars, Mercier was obliged to take refuge in Venice in 1567 and, after returning to France, he died of the plague. One of his best-known works was the Libellus de abbreviaturis Hebraeorum, tam Talmudicorum quam Masoritarum et aliorum rabbinorum (Paris, 1561), later exploited by Guy *Le Fèvre de la Boderie, which reveals Mercier's interest in the Kabbalah and cites scholars such as *Reuchlin and *Galatinus. However, from remarks in his commentary on Genesis (Geneva, 1598), published after his death by Théodore de Bèze, his enthusiasm for later kabbalistic literature clearly waned. Mercier translated almost the whole of Targum Jonathan b. Uzziel on the Prophets; and he wrote annotations to Santes *Pagnini's Thesaurus (Oẓar Leshon ha-Kodesh; Lyons, 1575, etc.). His other works include Besorat Mattei (1955), a Hebrew version of the gospel of Matthew; Luḥei Dikduka Kasda'ah o Arama'ah: Tabulae in grammaticen linguae Chaldaeae (Paris, 1560); Aseret ha-Devarim: Decalogus, with the commentary of Abraham Ibn Ezra, in Hebrew and Latin (Lyons, 1566–68); and the post-humous De notis Hebraeorum liber (1582), revised by another French Hebraist, Jean Cinqarbres (Quinquarboreus; d. 1587). Among those who studied under Mercier was the Huguenot leader and author Philippe de Mornay (Du Plessis-Mornay, 1549–1623).
F. Secret, Les Kabbalistes Chrétiens de la Renaissance (1964), 208–9; Steinschneider, Cat. Bod., 1748.
[Godfrey Edmond Silverman] | <urn:uuid:e4610480-7a20-4949-b00f-9d7897020523> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mercier-jeandeg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500250.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205063441-20230205093441-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.899539 | 570 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Examples of Other Alerting Systems
Mexican Seismic Alert System (SASMEX)
SASMEX is an earthquake warning system used in various areas of Mexico. Part of this warning system involves sending warnings through VHF stations in a similar manner the NOAA Weather Radio in the United States.
Test alerts are sent every three hours (as a Required Weekly Test).
The primary alert sent through this system are Earthquake Warnings (EQW).
Other alerts such as Hurricane Watch and Warning are being tested on this system.
J-Alert is an early warning system used in Japan. Alerts are relayed from satellite to the public via: loudspeaker, radio, TV, email, and cell phones. In addition to a warning signal, alerts are read in five languages: Japanese, English, Mandarin, Korean, and Portuguese (except for severe weather warnings).
Types of alerts relayed through J-Alert:
Earthquake Early Warnings
Severe Weather Warnings
Other Special Emergencies
Emergency Alert Australia
Emergency Alert Australia is an emergency communications system used in Australia. Alerts can be sent to the public via phone, SMS, radio, and TV. Excluding landline phones, alerts begin with the Standard Emergency Warning Signal (SEWS) followed with important information regarding the event.
Common alerts using the EAA system include bushfire and tropical cyclone warnings. Other alerts that could be sent through this system include: floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and terrorist attacks. | <urn:uuid:3b8c5e74-2fbb-4364-8e2a-a0d6f4376d91> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://globaleas.org/other/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500339.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206113934-20230206143934-00132.warc.gz | en | 0.89528 | 322 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Historical facts About Belgium
Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830. It was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically-advanced European state and a member of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led, in recent years, to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy.
In 1948 Belgium became a co-signatory to the Benelux Customs Union along with the Netherlands and Luxembourg. This later became the Benelux Economic Union in 1958 and in 2008 the treaty between the three countries was renewed and revised under the title of the Benelux Union. Belgium was a founding member of NATO (it is the site of NATO Headquarters) in 1949 and the European Economic Community (EEC) (now the European Union (EU)) in 1957 and also participated in the introduction of the Euro (EUR) in a two-phased approach in 1999 (accounting phase) and 2002 (monetary phase) to replace the Belgian Franc (BEF). Belgium is also a member country of the Schengen Area in which border controls with other Schengen members have been eliminated while at the same those with non-Schengen countries have been strengthened. | <urn:uuid:d019985a-24dc-4299-b6e3-b52373180c08> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://holidays-in-belgium.be/historical-facts-about-belgium | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500628.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207170138-20230207200138-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.967043 | 394 | 3.15625 | 3 |
As descendants of the Diaspora, a majority of young black adults were introduced to some sort of spirituality and often time’s religion from an early age. For black people, religion is something that represents faith, strength or humility. However, some young, black adults have decided to abandon religion or lack a belief in God altogether.
Architecture major, Aldernico Brioche, said he began identifying as Atheist around five years ago. After analyzing the world and human interactions of people who believed in God or had faith, he started questioning his own.
“I use to pray every night for years but realized it was not making a difference to my life,” Brioche said “When I did eventually stop going to church because I always felt uncomfortable being there, my faith just receded and receded until I just eventually pulled the plug.”
After leaving high school, Brioche became confident that religion was not for him. Brioche attributed years to being someone that prayed and went to church but never really feeling comfortable with church.
Brioche explained while he has had luck meeting like-minded or open-minded people who understand his stance on religion, he still encountered people who made him feel like the odd one out.
“When the conversation comes up that I’m atheist, people tend to see me as the odd one out, as if I’m using less critical thinking, or I make less sense in my reason for not believing,” Brioche said. “It comes down to me having to prove why I do not believe versus them proving their own beliefs.”
According to a study done by the Pew Research Center’s Religious Landscape Study, the percentage of Americans who identified as unreligious is 22.8 percent. Among those statistics, only 9 percent identified as black.
Zakiya Akerele is a professor who teaches multiple courses around religion. She said she believes this current generation is more prone to question God than the previous generation who were maybe afraid.
“Non-religion is picking up amongst African-Americans who have now been disheartened or there being enlightened about religion, and it no longer fits their belief system, their morals, their ideals about life,” Akerele said.
Akerele has encountered many students who do come into her class believing in a certain faith but then may feel different about it once the semester is over. However, some students do stick with their faith or religion throughout the whole the process.
For many black atheists, being open about being secular can come with it’s different set of challenges. They could have had experiences with shunned or seen as demonic for their stance.
Bio pre-med major at Fisk University Justin Miller said he converted from Christianity to Atheist when he was thirteen. Nights of restless sleep and the questions such as how did humans get here or what is the meaning of life for humanity were questions that never formed substantial answers from religion.
Miller expressed that having questions that were or could not be answered was one of the main reasons that led to him not believing.
“My grandparents disowned me for a while when they found out, my feelings were hurt but they eventually came around,” Miller said. “A lot of black women I would encounter would say they wouldn’t date a man who is not a man of a God,” Miller said.
Now in college, Miller has been around more people who are more open-minded than what he experienced in high school. He said many of his peers did not shun him for being Atheist because he was not rude or inconsiderate.
“I feel like a lot of people were cool with me being Atheist because I didn’t make it my personality,” Miller said. “If someone prayed I wouldn’t be disrespectful about it or at all.”
While there are some people like Brioche and Miller who may face some resistance from time to time for their lack of belief or faith in a higher power from peers, there are also resources. Groups like Black Nonbelievers and Secular Student Alliance connects atheists and allies to a friendly, informative community.
As more young black adults begin to decide their own path when it comes to belief systems, more opportunities for open discussion will begin to take place. | <urn:uuid:5ba59b1d-af41-4dc3-b9f3-26bd3baee68b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.thefamuanonline.com/2019/02/12/the-reality-of-being-secular-on-a-hbcu-campus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500628.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207170138-20230207200138-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.985615 | 903 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Although the human body is able to survive weeks without eating and still be healthy, food is vital to our own existence. Be it food that you like eating, comfort food, snacks, or even eating in an expensive restaurant or food that you require to eat to maintain your health. The food you eat is the main ingredient in your diet.
Food is food insofar as our tastes are concerned. But, when it comes to our stomachs, and, by extension, our whole body is involved, food is more than just food. It’s the battery that helps keep our body operating optimally.
I have mentioned before that the body could go days without food and this is true. The body can survive with only water but it isn’t a good idea. Not only is there an absence of taste it also means that your body has nothing to take in. Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
For those of you who prefer a more visual experience, here is a video review by ReviewsMS’ YouTube channel. Do check out our article below, however, because it has a comprehensive overview of Digestive Enzymes.
Digestion and Enzymes Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
If we consume food the food is processed in a way that the nutrients are useful to the body. This is what we all know as digestion. This digestion happens in the digestive system which begins with the mouth, and then ends up as waste in the anus.
Of course, we are all aware of this. It’s been taught in schools since 5th grade. However, do we really know what happens inside the stomach? Do we know the process and why food gets digested?
Well, whenever we talk about digestion, there is another thing that should really not be left out of the discussion. Enzymes. These chemicals are the main agents in turning food from food into nutrients. The enzymes are also responsible for nearly all biological reactions inside and outside our body.
It is possible to say that life wouldn’t be exactly the same without enzymes. And that is the case if life even exists in the first place.
There are three parts that are the most responsible for providing your body with the enzymes it needs. These are the stomach and small intestine and the pancreas.
The pancreas is known as the enzyme “powerhouse” for the entire body, as it is responsible for the enzymes needed to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
You may have an idea, but there are many kinds of digestive enzymes that break down different kinds of food items. The pancreas alone, the engine that we discussed earlier, produces three types of the most important digestive enzymes. They are:
- Amylase which breaks down complex carbohydrates. Amylase breaks down complex. It is also produced by the mouth.
- Lipase breaks down fats.
- Protease helps break down proteins.
The small intestine also makes some major enzymes which include:
- Lactase which breaks down lactose.
- Sucrase, which breaks down sucrose.
If your body is lacking certain enzymesor the body does not have the ability to release the needed enzymes, they are being affected by a disease known as digestive enzyme insufficiency.
When someone suffers from digestive enzyme deficiencies, they lack the ability to digest certain foods and absorb certain nutrients. Lactose intolerance is a condition where the body does not create enough lactase for digestion of sugar in milk and dairy products.
Digestive Enzyme Insufficiency is not something to take lightly. It could cause an inability to eat and stomach irritation. Symptoms of these can include:
- Pain in the belly or cramps
- Oily stools
- Unproved weight loss.
If you experience long-lasting symptoms like these, it is recommended to visit your doctor. If you experience mild symptoms, you may boost your digestive enzymes through supplements. Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
Vitapost Digestive Enzymes
Vitapost Digestive Enzymes is a diet supplement that may help you if you have problems digesting your food or are lacking some enzymes within your body. It is made up of an carefully selected blend of enzymes to aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Vitapost DIgestive Enzymes help with food digestion through a formulation of carefully selected enzymes which address the deficiency or enhance what’s already present in the stomach. It is marketed as an “everyday digestive support” it is intended to be utilized often
But, it doesn’t mean that it can’t be used to treat or prevent illness or allergies. VitaPost Digestive Enzymes are just supplements. They are not medicine and should not be used as an such.
While digestive enzyme supplements can be helpful to your body, the best ingredients for digestion are those naturally produced by your body. So, supplements should only be utilized when absolutely necessary. Always consult your physician prior to using any type of supplement. Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
Digestive Enzymes and Work How VitaPost Digestive Enzymes Perform
Let’s face it, the internet and online stores in general is littered with digestive supplements for digestion. Some of these supplements contain specific enzymes for digesting specific kinds of foods. If you are having difficulty digesting starch or sugar, these supplements would give you the enzymes needed to digest starch or sugar.
However, Vitapost Digestive Enzymes Supplements is different. The supplement is formulated with dozens of enzymes. This allows the supplement to process various kinds of food. In all, VitaPost Digestive Enzymes has enzymes that assist in digesting carbohydrates, proteins, as well as other enzymes.
Vitapost Digestive enzymes have also been considered as catalysts since they make chemical reactions occur more rapidly. They accelerate the process of breaking down food, thus making it easier for the body to have time to digest food and absorb nutrients.
The ingredients in the formula for the supplement gives the supplement a feeling of credibility. Vitapost Digestive Enzymes is composed of, you guessed it digestive enzymes that to break down your body into nutrients and chemicals that your body requires.
If you take a look at the ingredients list, it’s hard to think that these digestive supplements have all their bases covered. From the usual gluten protein, starches and dairy products, to fats, oils grains, even table sugar, it seems like it’s the ViaPost Digestive Enzyme supplement is ready to be digested.
VitaPost Digestive Enzymes Ingredients
If you are looking to purchase supplements, it should be the norm to verify on what the supplements are made of. It could be probiotics, dietary, or even digestive enzymes or any other type of supplement that fails to clearly show their ingredients should not be believed to be reliable.
VitaPost Digestive Enzymes is not similar to that. Their case is that Vitapost Digestive Enzymes clearly placed its list of ingredient on display. The list can be found on the bottle’s packaging.
However, you might notice that there’s a noticeable distinction between the typical label of ingredients and the one that can be found on this list of ingredients. For instance, you may discover that one of the ingredients is a unit called HUT or DU instead of the usual grams or kilograms.
The reason behind this has much to do with what ingredients make up the product contain. Like the name implies, Vitapost Digestive Enzymes are primarily made up of enzymes.
For the sake of transparent, VItapost categorizes these enzymes according to the kind of food they break down. For instance, if the product talks about enzymes that break up carbohydrates, such as Amylase the name will appear within the DU unit.
Additionally, as the supplement is made up of enzymes, the ingredients are classified according to the kind of food they eat. They are divided into three classes of protein enzymes, carbohydrate enzymes and other useful enzymes.
Protein enzymes are among the most active enzymes in the human body because they serve multiple roles in the body. Among these functions is breaking down proteins that are consumed by the body and then converting them into amino acids.
The protein enzymes in VitaPost Digestive Enzymes comprise: Protease 1 and 2, Bromelain, Papain, Aspergillopepsin and Peptidase
- Protease 1 and 2 These two enzymes are among the most essential in proteolysis,, which means breaking the proteins to amino acids. Furthermore, these two can also be used as to create new protein products
- Bromelain – This is an enzyme that can commonly found in pineapple juice, and specifically at the root of the pineapple. Since the beginning, it has been used in Asia as a treatment for soreness, burns, and pain of the muscles as well as numerous other ailments.
- Papain – Another enzyme that assists in the breaking down of protein into amino acids as well as Peptides. Papain is specifically found and extracted from raw papatay fruits. Apart from breaking down protein, papain could also help neutralize toxic chemicals found in cheeses, meats and nuts.
- Aspergillopepsin – Another enzyme that degrades gluten. In contrast to mammalian pepsin can efficiently hydrolyze dietary gluten into short peptides.
- Peptidase – They are enzymes which are able to break down gluten. Peptidase are capable of cleaving and, more often, inactivating small-sized proteins. Not only do they break proteins, they are also essential for altering the structure of proteins.
The name implies, Carbohydrate enzymes are enzymes that mainly focus on the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Once carbohydrates are consumed and absorbed, they are combined with saliva in the mouth which is the initial step in the digestive process. Then, it goes to the stomach and then moves to the small intestine
- Amylase – When you eat food items that are starchy, such as rice and potatoes, it’s amylase which is the enzyme that is mainly responsible for digestion. Amylase is naturally produced by the pancreas before entering into the small intestinal tract. There it assists catalyze transformation of starch into glucose syrups
- The Glucoamylase is an enzyme that has similar functions to amylase, in that it breaks down starchy food and converts them into glucose. While both amylase and glucoamylase can be found in the pancreasand pancreas, the glucoamylase is also produced within the mouth. Glucoamylase also encourages smooth digestion and helps to prevent digestive issues, including heaviness and bloating, as well as lethargy, gas, and loose stool.
- Lactase is an enzyme that mostly processes lactose, a substance found in milk. Inadequate lactase levels could cause someone to become lactose-intolerant. Lactase breaks down the sugar present in milk to two simple sugars: galactose as well as glucose.
- Beta-glucanase is an enzyme that results in the hydrolysis of beta-glucans. In general, it breaks down the sugars found in barley and oats, where beta-glucans are the present in the cell walls of microorganisms.
- Invertase – Invertase is the name given to it by an inverted sugar syrup. The process of creating the substance is due to invertase breaking sucrose down into fructose and glucose that are the sugar syrup that was previously referred to as an inverted syrup.
In order to aid the protein and carbohydrate enzymes in their work additional enzymes are included in the formula of Vitapost Digestive Enzymes. These enzymes were added to aid in digestion and breaking down a greater variety of food types. From plant-based diets to fatty and oily food items, these other enzymes are guaranteed to help break them down quickly. Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
- Lipase The Lipase enzyme is an important enzyme that is especially beneficial to people who like oily and fat-rich food items. It is a fact of knowledge that food items rich with oils and fats, while delicious, can be an irritant to your stomach. This makes the highly enjoyable food less appealing. However, with lipase, the body should have no problem digesting most of them. Lipase has also shown to lessen the sensation of fullness when this enzyme is taken along with the meals.
- Cellulase, Hemicellulase, xylanase This set of enzymes is what break down plant matter that are consumed in your daily diet. Particularly, they work on digestion of the difficult to digest cell walls of plant cells and the plant fibers that are present in these kinds of diets.
- The Phytase enzyme is among the vital enzymes required to aid digestion. Phytase is particularly a key enzyme when we talk about bone health. When phytase is activated, it breaks down a chemical known as phytic acid. Phytic acid can bind to important minerals needed by the body such as zinc and iron. Through Phytase it is possible for these iron and zinc are released and easily absorption through the human body. Apart from that, Phytase is also used to increase mineral absorption like calcium, and also the zinc and iron.
VitaPost Digestion Enzymes Dosage, and Use
As with most supplements on the market, it requires the same dosage in order to receive the most benefit out of VitaPost Digestive Enzymes. In this case it is suggested to take one or two capsules before each meal.
But, it could not be feasible given that a bottle of VitaPost Digestive Enzyme comes with 60 capsules. The recommended dosage may be a bottle that lasts only 10 days.
A good sweet spot is to take two tablets daily, making sure to take it during the heaviest meals. This will maximize the use of the capsule as well as still permitting your body to function without supplements. That said, the amount of times you consume the capsule is entirely dependent on you.
But, six capsules should be your maximum. Anything more than that could result in adverse reactions.
VitaPost Digestive Enzymes Effects
Since it is a digestive supplement, VitaPost Digestive Enzymes main advantages are helping to maintain good digestion. If properly taken the supplements will allow the body to have a more easy and faster time in taking in nutrients from foods you’ve consumed.
With good and proper digestion the positive side effects of digestion will be visible. It could include clear skin and less migraines, as well as headaches, and body pains.
The way your skin looks is an indicator of the overall health of your body. Acne-related breakouts could be a sign that something is that is not right with your body. However the clear complexion indicates a healthy body. This includes having a well working digestive system.
To this end, a clear skin and a healthy digestive system can also mean less fatigue and pain. This is due to the fact that headaches, body pains and headaches are the result of the underlying issue caused by digestive inflammation or other conditions.
Such disorders may be caused due to a deficiency of nutrients if the digestive system is not absorbing and digesting your food properly.
VitaPost Digestive Enzymes Side Effects
For VitaPost Digestive Enzymes supplements, there is no evidence of a negative side effects. So, it’s safe to consume so long as you adhere to the dosage guidelines.
As with all food supplements when you are nursing a baby or are pregnant, it is advisable to visit and check with your doctor. Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
A second thing to consider is that the supplement is made up of soy, dairy, and wheat, which could cause some people to develop allergies. Therefore, if you are someone who have allergic reactions to the ingredients listed above, it may be better to find another alternative to the product.
VitaPost Digestive Enzymes Price
VitaPost Digestive Enzyme comes in bottles that have 60 capsules inside each bottle. VitaPost also offers this product as bundles. Additionally, it is important to note that shipping is not free. Therefore, the cost of shipping will be added to the cost list.
- One Bottle $24.80 + $4.95 Shipping
- Two Bottles $44.80 Plus $4.95 Shipping
- 3 Bottles: $67.20 + $4.95 Shipping
- 4 bottles: $74.80 + $4.95 Shipping
A purchase of multiple bottles instead of only one can help you save many dollars and can even save lots of shipping. Just by looking and comparing the price, buying the 4 bottle bundle for $74 is just like buying 3 bottles and getting one free.
If you are thinking you’ll be using the VitaPost Digestive Enzyme for an extended period of time, I would recommend just getting the four bottle bundle.
VitaPost Digestive Enzymes is only accessible online on their website. It is therefore essential to purchase them only there. The purchase of supplements from other sites on the internet might be a fraud.
Pros And Cons
- No prescription is required
- Made from natural ingredients
- The formula provides a broad selection of enzymes that cover a broad range of foods.
- Can help alleviate mild digestive problems like indigestion symptoms of bloating or heartburn as well as stomach discomfort.
- Helps body absorb nutrients.
- The high probability of providing you with clear skin
- Can help ease discomfort and fatigue.
- It may not be suitable for people with allergies as the formula is laced with allergens.
- Not suitable for lactating and pregnant mothers (check with your physician)
- It is not recommended for children below 18 years older (check with your doctor)
- Only available online and only on the official website
- Insufficient consumption of a daily basis
- It is possible to take in the long-term to maintain consequences.
My Verdict on VitaPost Digestive Enzymes
Digestive Enzyme supplements are typically available in two types. You can either go for one that is targeted or choose a supplement that has a broad-spectrum. VitaPost Digestive Enzymes is the latter type.
Supplements that offer broad-spectrum like VitaPost is particularly beneficial for those who are looking to boost their digestive health as they enjoy eating a wide range of foods.
The wide-ranging strategy of VitaPost Digestive Enzyme is apparent by looking at its ingredients list. This is a good thing since the supplement is honest on the benefits it offers and what it isn’t able to provide. It’s not wasting your time.
Upon getting my bottles, which mind you, took just three days to arrive I was excited about the prospect of starting my digestive supplement regimen.
A good arome welcomed me upon opening the bottle. That was something I did not expect as I was so used to supplements that smelled too “medicinal”. The pills also are ideal in size. They’re not too large to make people struggle, and not too small to make you doubt if you are receiving enough. Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
I’m on my third bottle at the moment and have taken the supplement for 3 months now (I opt taking two pills per day, which was the perfect amount for me.) I’ve noticed a more regular bowel movements and less digestive issues.
However, the results were not overnight. I believe it was about the third week, when I realized that my stomach felt better, and my trips to the toilet become more regular rather than irregular.
Don’t worry about it. I’ll be taking these supplements into the near future. Of course, that’s until I discover something superior, but at this point I doubt it.
Frequently Asked Questions Pregnancy Safe Digestive Enzymes
Is VitaPost Digestive Enzymes Supplement Legit?
Yes, they are legal supplements.
Of course, it is recommended to purchase the VitaPost Digestive Enzymes Supplement at the official website in order to stay away from scams and to ensure legitimacy
Where can I buy the VitaPost Digestive Enzymes to ensure the authenticity of the company?
You can buy them at the official site.
Make sure you only purchase it through their website. Shopping with other retailers like eBay and Amazon could result in fake products.
How long should I use this digestive supplement?
You can take the VitaPost Digestive Enzyme Supplement for the duration you like.
Vitaminapost Digestive Enzymes supplement is a nutritional supplement. In order to continue reaping the benefits, it is suggested to use the supplement on a regular basis. In the same vein you are able to stop taking the supplement whenever you’d like.
I’m not a fan taking capsules, can there be an alternative way to take the supplement?
Vitapost Digestive Enzymes is only available in capsule form and must be taken in capsule form only.
Cutting, crushing, or modifying the supplement in any way shape or form is not advised.
Who is not safe to take VitaPost Digestive Enzymes?
Lactating and pregnant women and children younger than 18 years of age and people who have allergies should check with their doctors before taking the supplement. | <urn:uuid:690a48df-1078-4b96-92cd-ee0c010b5fb5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.danielleandthemasses.com/pregnancy-safe-digestive-enzymes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500628.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207170138-20230207200138-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.953044 | 4,526 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Fraud costs the global economy over $5 trillion each year. And the cost of fraud to US merchants is up 7% year over year. It is clear that now more than ever, a multi-factor authentication solution is essential when it comes to defending you and your customers against fraudulent activity.
What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)?
Multi-factor authentication is a mechanism whereby a user can only access a website or application after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence that indicates they are who they claim to be. Typical ways of doing this include asking for:
- Knowledge – Information only the user would know. Potentially a personal question about a favorite book or similar
- Possession – Something only the user has ownership of, like a password, token, or key
- Location – Data to determine where the user is located
Hackers can often come up with ways to break into systems using only one form of authentication. Every time you add another factor, the harder it becomes for them. An excellent everyday example of multi-factor authentication is ATMs. You must provide a physical card, be in a specific location, and use the correct PIN to withdraw money. In this case, the factors used are:
- Knowledge – the user must know the valid PIN
- Possession – the user must have a specific card to access the money
- Location – the user must use an ATM to request the funds
Another excellent example of multi-factor authentication is using an SMS, voice message, or email to send a code the user can input along with a password to gain access. In this case, you’re combining:
- Knowledge – the user must know the correct password
- Possession – the user must have the right phone and SIM card, or access to an email account, to receive a one-time passcode
Setting Up Multi-Factor Authentication
If you offer customers a mobile app, web app, or website as part of your business offering, multi-factor authentication is a must. There are many ways to set up multi-factor authentication, but some popular, secure methods include:
- Email – let the user receive a verification code or password reset via email
- Voice – the user can receive a verification code via phone call
- SMS – the user can receive a text message containing the verification code or password reset link
When it comes time to decide which method(s) to use for authentication, there is a bit of analysis required on your part. You’ll want to examine your customer base. Use determinants you’ve collected from various customer profiles. Age, location, and market segments are just a few factors that could influence how your customers would prefer to authenticate their accounts. For example, 75% of millennials prefer receiving a text message versus a phone call, especially if the message is quick.
MFA Best Practices
When setting up Multi-Factor Authentication, keep the following in mind:
- Add metrics to track which methods are most popular. You can start by offering email, SMS, and Voice; then, you can remove a feature if it seems underused. Although some people would argue the best practice is to offer all options to cover the broadest range of situations and issues your users might encounter.
- Don’t make customers choose a single 2FA method.
- Offer a way for the customer to write down some backup codes in case of an emergency. While backup codes can be physically located by someone and used, offering this can help someone in a situation where they lose their phone or similar.
- Secure the system you’re using to generate SMS, voice, and email messages. Ensure your API key isn’t readily exposed to attackers (for example, by putting your API key into an app or similar).
It’s also important to note that each method has its pros and cons in functionality. Where some excel, others may fall short. And vice versa. That can be a crucial determiner in deciding to implement multiple options for a multi-factor authentication protocol.
Breaking Down Benefits and Weaknesses
- It offers a way to get a verification code without needing a phone
- You can use your computer to receive the code
- You can defend against SIM swapping with this method because you may have things configured, so you only receive emails on your computer.
- Secure against hackers trying to intercept OTPs via Voice and SMS
- Email delivery can be slower sometimes, so your customer might find themselves stuck waiting for their message
- If you don’t have your phone or computer, you can’t use this method
- You can receive the message via phone
- A helpful tool for those who are visually impaired, compared to email or SMS
- You might not be able to hear the code if you’re somewhere crowded
- It might be harder to remember the code if you can’t quickly write it down
- If you don’t have your phone, you can’t use this method
- One of the fastest one-time passcode delivery methods available
- You can refer back to the message to verify the code
- It’s one of the most popular forms of communication – Millennials and Boomers both prefer texts for business communications
- A helpful tool for those who are hearing impaired, compared to voice
- If you don’t have your phone, you can’t use this method
As you can see, each channel has it’s distinct benefits and pitfalls. This is why a multi-factor authentication strategy provides the strongest protection. While you’ll need to identify what works best for you and your customers, Mitto’s verification experts recommend that the following methods be made available at the associated customer touchpoints.
- Account creation and verification: SMS and Email
- Logins: SMS, Voice, and Email
- Transactions: SMS and Voice
- Contact updates: Email
Each form of multi-factor authentication has its pluses and minuses. You’ll want to provide customers with a choice of channels by using a solution like Mitto’s Verification tool, so they can decide the best way to protect their accounts. Let them opt-in during sign-up and offer them a way to change their configuration at any time.
By offering Multi-Factor Authentication or requiring it as part of your sign-up process, you can ensure that customer accounts are kept safe, maintaining the trustworthiness of your brand. | <urn:uuid:51ccf429-bea8-447b-87b3-814e54ccc672> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.mitto.ch/blog/mfa-and-the-value-of-layered-account-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500628.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207170138-20230207200138-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.917562 | 1,370 | 3.046875 | 3 |
The labour market of the future is about more than just robots. The report points out that debates about the future of the labour market tend to concentrate too much on technology to the detriment of other factors that play a role.
For example, climate change has the potential to pull the rug away from under vulnerable economies and trigger new floods of refugees.
Four megatrends affecting the Nordic Region
What are the megatrends driving change in the labour market and how do they affect jobs and working conditions in the Nordic Region?
These are the questions addressed by the first part of the major research project commissioned by the Nordic employment ministers.
Consensus has started to emerge among researchers around four megatrends are: 1. Demographics, i.e. the ageing population, migration and urbanisation; 2. Climate change which is forcing the pace of the green transition but also triggers refugee crises; 3. globalisation of production and trade, and 4. new technology, i.e. the rapid spread of digitalisation, robots, artificial intelligence and biotechnology.
Major investment needed in further education
While the working population of Europe is expected to shrink by 45 million people over the next six decades, the Nordic Region will be less affected by demographic change.
"Our birth rates and immigration levels are a bit higher than the rest of Europe, so we are not under quite the same pressure. On the other hand, we won’t be able to benefit from the availability of labour from elsewhere in Europe to the same extent as we have in the past,” says Johan Røed Steen, researcher at FAFO and co-author of the report.
The challenges facing the Nordic Region include educating and training incomers to the Region and integrating them into the labour market.
For those who have already come to the Region, vocational training and further education need to be enhanced to stop the wage and skills gaps widening and people being excluded from the world of work.
Better systems and capacity for lifelong learning will be required, according to the interim report.
Globalisation has tapered off
One of the megatrends that people had almost started to take for granted is globalisation. But it seems to have tapered off, the researchers say.
The Brexit and the trade war between the USA and China are just two examples of a protectionist counteroffensive in different parts of the world.
"Researchers have stopped talking about globalisation as the major obvious trend, and the fact that it seems to be tapering off may not be brilliant news for the Nordic Region. For small, open economies like the Nordic countries, it is important to have a predictable framework for international trade.
In the short term, putting the brakes on globalisation can lead to economic instability. In the long term, it can lead to smaller markets for our goods and services,” Steen points out.
Digitalisation challenges the Nordic model
On the other side of the coin, climate change may provide a "modest" jobs boost in the Nordic Region, as the green transition necessitates new energy solutions and more sustainable production methods.
The Nordic Region, which often ranks high in international comparisons for digitalisation, innovation and trust, is perhaps better equipped than comparable regions to meet the challenges of the green transition and benefit from it, the researchers write.
Nonetheless, the report identifies digitalisation in particular as a challenge to some of the cornerstones of the Nordic labour market model.
When the manager is an app
The report argues that digitalisation can lead to polarisation in the labour market as large numbers of routine jobs disappear and competition centres around excellence. New types of employment will emerge – the Über economy or platform economy – where the "manager" is an app and the person who does the work is not in a permanent position.
New technology requires a well-trained workforce. The Nordic labour market has a greater need for engineers and well trained staff, and less for industrial workers and routine service functions.
“But we stress that inequality is not an inevitable side-effect of new technology. That depends on the political choices we make. If we want to maintain the levels of equality we have been used to in the Nordic Region, we will need to make quite an effort to avoid polarisation,” Steen says.
Three pieces of advice:
The report outlines three tips to Nordic governments about how to protect the Nordic model, social cohesion and welfare:
- Offer retraining and new vocational training to people working in sectors that are under threat. Give employers and trade unions the task of inventing completely new education and training systems for adults already in work.
- Adapt social security systems and occupational safety and health to the new types of jobs and contracts that are nothing like the models of the past – out-sourcing of short assignments, "gigs" that do not require normal workplaces, etc. Above all else, it will be necessary to prevent new forms of marginalisation of immigrants.
- Start an "imaginative renewal” of the institutions that we inherited from the pioneers of the Nordic model". They will soon need to offer lifelong learning, protect new groups of workers, prevent inequality and ensure that new ways of doing business are also in the best interests of society.
A year ago, the Nordic employment ministers launched a research project on how the Nordic labour market might look in 2030. The project, run by FAFO from Norway, involves 25 researchers from seven Nordic universities. The final report will be submitted in 2020. | <urn:uuid:f5e6c0a8-aac0-4961-91c0-416105c80730> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.norden.org/en/news/trend-toward-polarisation-labour-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500628.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207170138-20230207200138-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.939537 | 1,129 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Overview of Whiplash
The word "whiplash" is used to describe a mechanism of injury characterized by a quick extension immediately followed by a quick flexion of the neck, resulting in damage to the tendons, ligaments and muscles in the body, and especially the ones surrounding the head and neck. Today, it is believed that whiplash injuries from a car or auto accident are caused by the extreme speeds involved in the extension and flexion of the head and neck, and not hyperextension and then hyperflexion, or movement beyond the normal physiological limits of the body, as previously thought.
Whiplash effects can be complex...
Whiplash injuries are extremely complex, and profoundly impact many who experience a rear-end collision. Whiplash injuries involve a combination of disruptions in the nervous system, connective tissues, muscles and joints and are often difficult to diagnose and treat. Conversely, when there is a broken bone, a simple x-ray can confirm the presence of the fracture and it becomes much more straightforward for health care professionals to follow an appropriate standard of care in order to best treat the injury. To provide you with more information so that you may better understand whiplash injuries and how they should be treated, we need to discuss in more detail the mechanism of how such injuries occur.
Check out our article on the phases of whiplash here.
To read more about the typical symptoms of whiplash, click here
For more info about recovery and treatment strategy and options, click here
626 S. Ferguson Ave. Suite 5
Bozeman, MT 59718 | <urn:uuid:60835fbe-eeda-4dfb-a928-a3c0c5aa7b1d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.gallatinvalleychiropractic.com/car-accidents-and-whiplash.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500983.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208222635-20230209012635-00292.warc.gz | en | 0.925596 | 350 | 2.9375 | 3 |
|Does a 'proper' tragic hero need a crown?|
Christmas Eve brought an email inviting me to write an essay about tragedy and social class. Why did everyone in Greco-Roman antiquity and into the 19th century think tragic heroes had to ‘fall from high estate’? It was only partly because Aristotle had decreed in his Poetics that heroes should ‘have a big reputation and fortune like Oedipus and Thyestes and distinguished men from families like theirs’ [i.e. royalty].
|Modern Misery amidst Money|
I have always thought myself that half the pleasure of tragedy was motored by underlying envy--watching very rich and powerful people have a really bad day offers much the same Schadenfreude to us commoners as we derive from reading about billionaires’ botched Botox and miserable divorces in celebrity-watch magazines today.
But I have a problem with this commission which I hope crowd-sourcing can help. There are a few working-class tragic heroes in the cultural repertoire. Jesus of Nazareth, on a secularist account, was the first. Born to loving parents and general applause, he ended up executed by a repressive establishment because he banged on about the poor: theologians agree that the Gospels show the influence of Greek tragedy in their structure and tone. Theatre historians, on the other hand, will tell you that the breakthrough came in 1837 with Karl Georg Büchner’s revolutionary (and unfinished) tragedy Woyzeck, which portrays its soldier-hero’s fall from a very low estate to conviction for murder.
|Woyzeck, Deutsches Theater, 2009|
In the projected essay I have been asked to discuss media other than theatre, and this is where my problem starts. Fiction is easy—Godwin’s Caleb Williams and Hardy’s Jude—but cinema is giving me problems. The Father Of My Children suggests Milos Forman’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, and I have been pondering both Trainspotting and Mike Leigh’s Naked. But inspiration is otherwise lacking.
|Fall from Low Estate to ECT|
If you have an idea, please do comment or send me an email @kcl.ac.uk. If I use it you will of course be credited by name in the essay although this will certainly not make you rich and famous enough to star in a pre-19th century tragedy or even Hello! magazine. Any proposed artwork will have to fit my own general definition of tragedy: it needs to depict suffering in an aesthetically/emotionally gripping way, without voyeurism, and to enquire into the causes of that suffering. Collateral damage (to innocent people trapped to their cost in the hero’s plot) is, of course, particularly welcome. | <urn:uuid:24992052-8f5c-4673-b261-352d4b1746d7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://edithorial.blogspot.com/2013/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764495001.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127164242-20230127194242-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.950291 | 597 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Data about people’s health is no longer confined to medical records and clinical trials. It is gathered by wearable technologies and smartphone apps; it is inferred from shopping habits and online behaviour; it is used by insurers and advertisers for purposes besides healthcare or medical research. This is the datafication of health, and it has significant consequences for people and society.
In this report, the Ada Lovelace Institute explores the datafication of health: what it is, how it occurs, and its impacts on individual and social wellbeing. We draw on examples to synthesise existing research, analyse concepts and surface the societal and ethical challenges arising from the blurring of the boundaries of health data. We chart the mechanisms through which datafication occurs and how people’s health becomes ‘legible’ to an array of actors, before exploring how datafication challenges existing practical, legal and conceptual definitions of what counts as ‘health data’.
We put forward evidence that the datafication of health has created an ‘Internet of Health’, in which everyone is made to perform as a patient, subject to continuous monitoring, diagnosis and prediction. We ask what it means to be a patient in this Internet of Health and pose twelve questions that arise from the consequences of datafication.
While we cannot address all the consequences of the datafication of health in full here, we hope that the questions we identify, alongside the concepts explored throughout, act as a foundation for future work by researchers, policymakers, technology developers and health professionals who want to ensure that health data works for people and society.
A new report from the Ada Lovelace Institute explores the datafication of health, how it manifests and the consequences for people and society. | <urn:uuid:21f4ea4c-19da-4538-bfd3-6e7c228a2b32> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/report/the-data-will-see-you-now/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764495001.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127164242-20230127194242-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.93436 | 361 | 2.84375 | 3 |
People are increasingly realizing the important role that vertical farms will have to play in food production in order to improve the chances of having guaranteed food security in the future. With vertical farming, one can grow whichever crops they want independent of the weather. This, in addition to the fact that this type of farming can be carried out even in urban areas and with a more economical use of space, makes it a go-to means of production that is both affordable and friendly to the environment.
In order to effectively grow crops in a vertical farm, you need to have grow lights. Since you will be setting up your farm indoors, or in a way in which sunlight will be in low supply, these lights will give the crops the light that they need in order to be productive. Here is what you need to know about the different vertical farming lighting options that you will have to choose from.
These types of grow lights are popular especially with people who are running commercial operations. This is mainly because they are great at generating big yields and encouraging fast growth. For a grower to whom yields are a number one priority, these lights are a perfect solution.
Furthermore, if you are a beginner, using these lights is less overwhelming because they tend to come in sets. Since they have been used for growing crops for a long time, using them comes with the benefit of years of information that other growers have gathered from their experiences with these lights. This, in addition to their energy efficiency, has also contributed to their popularity among people who run vertical farms.
The main downside to these lights is the heat that they produce. When compared to other lighting solutions, they generate more heat and this makes it necessary for you to install an exhaust system. It also means that you cannot place the lights too close to the crops. And if you are working with limited space, this can prove to be a drawback that is too hard to overcome.
See Also: Cost of Solar Panel Power Electricity
Fluorescent grow lights are commonly used in lighting vertical farms because they tend to last long. When compared to incandescent bulbs, these lights are also way more energy-efficient, making them ideal for people who are looking to keep their energy bills under control. And the fact that they are relatively thin makes them ideal for vertical farming since they can easily fit in tight spaces.
However, these lights are not perfect. While their thinness allows them to fit in tight spaces, it also means that they need to be propped up with a stand. This, in addition to the need to regulate current use with a ballast, calls for extra installation costs that may cause the setup process to be capital intensive. Furthermore, they are not the best in terms of offering great yields per watt. They are not as strong as other lighting sources, and so they tend to be ineffective when it comes to encouraging flowering and other types of late-stage development processes in plants.
LED grow lights are incredibly energy efficient, can be easily controlled remotely, emit less heat, and use less power. They are perfect for use in vertical farms where space is limited because they can be placed closer to the plants — they produce low heat.
While the fact that these lights are relatively more expensive can cause some farmers to shy away from them, they tend to make up for the extra cost through their efficiency. In the long term, the savings in energy and the fact that they don’t need extra installations to reduce heat, eventually makes them a cost-friendly alternative that can also guarantee better yields.
Furthermore, LED lights are increasingly becoming cheaper. And since this trend is showing no signs of slowing down, they are soon going to be the go-to solution for vertical farming lighting. | <urn:uuid:b31110a9-4269-44b0-8fea-bdcc9fa3a997> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.techbmc.com/types-of-vertical-farming-lighting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764495001.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127164242-20230127194242-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.966547 | 767 | 2.75 | 3 |
Virtual Kid Quest Guide for an Outdoor Art Quest
In celebration of Earth Day, let’s get outside and make art from the world around us.
Greetings from a safe distance Quest-ers! We’re inviting you to take part in our first ever virtual Kid Quest! Modified from our museum adventure, we’ll still honor the format of exploring hands-on activities, learning about artwork in our galleries, and making an inspired art project.
As always, Kid Quest is an at-your-own-pace art adventure. In this case, take all the time you like with these activities. We can’t wait to see what you create with these prompts in your own homes, kitchen tables, or where ever you create!
When you are finished, take a photo and tag @PlainsArtMuseum on Instagram or Facebook.
Welcome, Spring! In the springtime, plants start growing and trees start budding. Birds begin singing and bunnies bounce about. The weather begins to warm up, and the sun melts the snow. Look around: what signs of spring do you see in the world around you? Sketch them or tell a family member what you observe.
Let’s hunt for signs of spring with more sensory exploration! Use all of your senses. Draw or describe…
- 5 things that you see:
- 4 things that you hear:
- 3 things that you feel:
- 2 things that you smell:
- 1 thing that you might taste:
DIY Nature brushes
Gather some brush-like materials outside. Pine needles, grass, and thin leaves all work great! Now find a stick (chopsticks or pencils work great too) that you can hold in your hand. Using a rubber band, pipecleaner, or yarn, attach your “bristles” to your stick.Now it’s time to paint! Dip your natural brush in some paint and apply it to paper. What marks can you make? No paint? No Problem! see how these materials work with a little water and use the sidewalk, cardboard or wood fence. Compare and contrast the textures and patterns the natural bristles make.
British artist Andy Goldsworthy creates art using natural materials. He creates his sculptures outside and leaves them in his environment. He often uses radial symmetry to make his sculptures. Radial symmetry is when the parts radiate from a central point.
Create your own outdoor sculpture using simple materials you find in the world around you. Rocks, leaves, sticks all work great! Be respectful of anything already blooming or growing!
Studio Project: BOOM BOOM SOUND MACHINE
You’ll want to collect some supplies before you get started, Artist Chelsea Odden shows in this video some different variations of a sound machine with materials you can find at home. This list is helpful, but you might find some other alternatives or modifications to the project! That’s great as your imagination is essential!
- Drum body: Paper plates, Paper bowls, Egg cartoon, Yogurt cups
- Items to make sound: Dry beans, Rice, Dry pasta, Nuts with shell, Paper, Tinfoil
- To decorate: Plastic bags, String,Beads, Yarn, Colored tape, Markers, Stickers, Paper
- Tools: Scissors, Tape, Stapler, Tacky glue
Listen! (and watch)
We planned to share two exhibitions with you. Even if you can visit them in person today, we want you to know about them.
In our first floor Atrium, we have the three dimensional and interactive work by artists Clementine Bordeaux, Mary V. Bordeaux, and Layli Long Soldier from Racing Magpie Gallery in Rapid City, South Dakota.
The exhibition is called: Responsibilities and Obligations: Understanding Mitákuye Oyásʼin
This video shows the installation in another space, but you get to see the patterns, animals and videos used in this installation.
We planned to have you stop in our Second Floor Gallery to see the exhibition She Gives: Work by Dyani White Hawk. This video shows the artist Dyani White Hawk in her studio. Make note of the color, materials, and pattern she uses in her work!
Did any of the artists or artwork in the videos make you think of other materials you might add to your own studio? | <urn:uuid:24ce897d-f728-4322-ada0-00b351b75220> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://plainsart.org/boom-boom-shake-sound-machine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499695.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128220716-20230129010716-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.917367 | 941 | 3.171875 | 3 |
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More About This Title The Easter Rising: Revolution and Irish Nationalism, Second Edtion
In this innovative work, Alan Ward uses the pivotal event in twentieth-century Irish history as a prism through which to survey Irish history from the twelfth century to the present.
By asking why the Easter Rising occurred, Ward is able to review the history of Anglo-Irish relations, from the time of Norman settlement to World War I, as well as the development of several kinds of Irish nationalism in the nineteenth century. Then, by asking what the effects of the Rising have been, Ward discusses the Irish war of independence, the creation of the Irish Free State, and the Irish civil war, pondering the influence of the various strands of Irish nationalism on the modern state.
Finally, the book reviews the conflict in Northern Ireland from the 1960s all the way to the fall of 2002, making this distinctive and analysis ideal for use as a core text in Irish history or superb supplementary reading for survey courses in British, European, and World History.
Alan J. Ward is the Class of 1935 Professor of Government at the College of William and Mary in Virginia. He is a past president of the American Conference for Irish Studies and senior fellow in the Institute of Irish Studies, Queen’s University, Belfast. His books on Irish history and government include Ireland and Anglo-American Relations, 1899-1921 (1969) and The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland, 1782-1992 (1994).
Chapter 1 The Easter Rising 1
Chapter 2 England and Ireland Before the Union of 1801 16
Chapter 3 Ireland and Irish Nationalism After the Union 31
Chapter 4 Constitutional Nationalism 41
Chapter 5 Romantic and Revolutionary Nationalism 55
Chapter 6 America and the Irish Problem 72
Chapter 7 Three Home Rule Bills and the Rise of Unionism 82
Chapter 8 The Constitutional Crisis of 1912-1914: Preparing for Rebellion 95
Chapter 9 World War I: Britain’s Weakness and Ireland’s Opportunity 104
Chapter 10 Sinn Fein Emerges 116
Chapter 11 A Victory for Revolutionary Nationalism 128
Chapter 12 The Effects of the Rising 147 | <urn:uuid:48934946-5393-48e0-a441-e5a4da742ae3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.pubmatch.com/book/114998.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499695.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128220716-20230129010716-00572.warc.gz | en | 0.865858 | 473 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Botanical Name: Asclepias exaltata
Plant Family: Milkweed family (Asclepiadaceae)
Description: A. exaltata is a tall milkweed grows 2 - 6 ft. Frequently found on the edges of forests, it resembles the common milkweed, A. syriaca, and has been known to hybridize with this species in areas where both occur in close proximity. The leaves can be quite large on plants growing in moist shaded conditions. Umbels are pendulous with relatively few flowers. Strikingly aromatic when in bloom.
Growing Conditions: Undemanding, grows in rocky, sandy, and dry soil. Prefers full sun.
Bloom Time: Late, July-Sep
Bloom Color: White
Benefit to pollinators/wildlife: Special value to native bees as well as butterflies.
Native Status: US native, PA native
Location in habitat: Pennsylvania Native Plant Society Demonstration Garden, Monarch Waystation | <urn:uuid:02e035a5-dcdb-4160-8d9c-079cd8c5d46c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.snetsingerbutterflygarden.org/poke-milkweed.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499857.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131091122-20230131121122-00732.warc.gz | en | 0.907752 | 210 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Filmed in Poland, Israel and London, Zegota: A Time to Remember documents the clandestine efforts of diverse Polish groups -Catholics, socialists, independents and others- to save Jewish lives despite great personal risks.
The London-based Polish Government-in-Exile was probably the first allied government to realize Hitler's intention to annihilate the Jews of Europe. They urged the leaders of the United States and Great Britain to aid the Jews. Frustrated by the Allied Governments' rejection of active intervention, the exiled Polish leaders encouraged an effort to save Jewish lives by utilizing elements of the Polish Underground Home Army and civilian participation. They formed an organization called "Council to Aid the Jews," code-named "Zegota." This was the only government-sponsored social welfare agency established to rescue Jews in German-occupied Europe.
This documentary's positive reference to Polish assistance to Jews makes it an ideal supplement to high school and college-level Holocaust studies, and adult interfaith discussion groups.
A Time to Remember
USA, 1992, 52 minutes, color
Produced by Sy Rotter and Andrzej Sikora | <urn:uuid:4885ef54-2c3f-43b7-b9a5-c8543898e893> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://jewishfilm.org/Catalogue/films/zegota.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499946.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201144459-20230201174459-00812.warc.gz | en | 0.922375 | 238 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Micronutrients play a vital role in our fertility. How can you make vitamins and minerals more bioavailable?
Nurture your microbiome!
The bacteria living in your gut influence the release of minerals from the food we eat. They also help us absorb these minerals and vitamins from our gastrointestinal tract.
With a healthy microbiome, micronutrients have better bioavailability and bioaccessibility.
We get thiamine, folate, biotin, riboflavin, and panthothenic acid from our diet, but they are also made by our gut bacteria. It is estimated that up to half of our required daily Vitamin K is provided by our gut friends.
With a healthy gut microbiome the absorption of calcium, zinc, magnesium and selenium is also improved.
Here are three of our favourite prebiotic fruits to nurture the diversity of your gut microbiome!
After only a few days of including Kiwi fruit in your diet you will be promoting the growth of beneficial intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacterial .
Kiwi fruit has stronger anti-oxidant effects than orange and grapefruit, and also contains 2 to 3 times the vitamin C fruit found in an orange !
Vitamin C contributes to collagen formation for skin function and promotes beneficial anti-inflammatory shifts in the gut microbiome . The polyphenol extracts in kiwi fruit also reduce intestinal permeability which supports fertility.
As a bonus kiwi fruit improves intestinal transit time, contains enzymes that support protein digestion and also delivers potassium, vitamin E and folate.
Not only is watermelon super hydrating, it also contains lycopene. Lycopene gives watermelon its red pigment and has prebiotic properties, increasing the abundance of beneficial Bifidobacterium in the gut .
If you are game enough to eat the peel of the watermelon you can get even more prebiotic goodness!
Watermelon contains coumarins, lignans, and flavonoids with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-allergic activities. You can definitely add watermelon to your list of gut friendly foods.
Blueberries are packed with polyphenols. The foundation for a fertile gut is the production of diverse metabolites by our gut microbiota when they break down prebiotic compounds and polyphenols.
These beneficial metabolites include our reproductive health loving short-chain fatty acids, indole derivatives and polyamines that continually help to:
- 🌱 Dampen inflammation
- 🌱 Promote the growth of beneficial microbes
- 🌱 Strengthen the intestinal barrier
- 🌱 Optimise immune function
- 🌱 Increase butyrate production
Bioactive polyphenols in blueberries change the composition of our gut microbes so they can positively regulate inflammation, metabolism and hormone balance.
As gut microbes transform the polyphenols we eat, their bioavailability is increased generating even more fertility loving metabolites!
Polyphenols are effective in reducing endometrial lesion growth, dampening menstrual pain, and lowering androgen concentrations in PCOS.
Prebiotic Packed Fertile Gut Goodness
Our gut microbiota are vital for the conversion of the beneficial dietary flavonoids. With a diverse, healthy gut we have a greater chance of making flavonoids from fruit more bioavailable and bioactive to enjoy all their fertility-promoting properties!
Our whole of plant proven prebiotics in Fertile Gut Microbiome Essentials also delivers polyphenol goodness, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. This is in combination with the same fibre content of 166-300 g of fruit or vegetables!
Ready to add more fertility nurturing proven prebiotics to your day? Try our prebiotic packed anti-inflammatory smoothie:
Fertile Gut Prebiotic Anti-inflammatory Smoothie
½ cup of blueberries
1 tbs of your favourite seeds (hemp, chia, flaxseed)
1 cup of spinach leaves
1 tbs nut butter
1/3 tbsp maple syrup
½ cup vanilla Greek yoghurt
½-1 cup of your favourite plant-based milk
Put all of this in your blender and blend for 30-60 seconds. Enjoy!
1. Lee, Y.K., et al., Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) changes intestinal microbial profile. Microb Ecol Health Dis, 2012. 23.
- 2. Iwasawa, H., et al., Anti-oxidant effects of kiwi fruit in vitro and in vivo. Biol Pharm Bull, 2011. 34(1): p. 128-34.
- 3. Richardson, D.P., J. Ansell, and L.N. Drummond, The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: a review. Eur J Nutr, 2018. 57(8): p. 2659-2676.
- 4. Otten, A.T., et al., Vitamin C Supplementation in Healthy Individuals Leads to Shifts of Bacterial Populations in the Gut-A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel), 2021. 10(8).
- 5. Yuan, M., et al., Supplementation of Kiwifruit Polyphenol Extract Attenuates High Fat Diet Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage and Inflammation via Reshaping Gut Microbiome. Front Nutr, 2021. 8: p. 702157.
- 6. Wiese, M., et al., Prebiotic Effect of Lycopene and Dark Chocolate on Gut Microbiome with Systemic Changes in Liver Metabolism, Skeletal Muscles and Skin in Moderately Obese Persons. Biomed Res Int, 2019. 2019: p. 4625279.
- 7. Hao, C.L., et al., Effect of potential prebiotics from selected fruits peel on the growth of probiotics. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2021. 45(6): p. e15581. | <urn:uuid:7982e6c2-eb10-470f-9175-b248be53b3ea> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.fertile-gut.com/blogs/news/fruit-for-a-fertile-gut | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500041.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202232251-20230203022251-00012.warc.gz | en | 0.82934 | 1,277 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Laotian Civil War
The Laotian Civil War (1962-1975) was an internal fight between the Communist Pathet Lao and the Royal Lao Government in which both the political rightists and leftists received heavy external support for a proxy war from the global Cold War superpowers. The Kingdom of Laos was a covert theater of operations for the other belligerents during the Vietnam War. During the war, the United States dropped more than two million tons of ordnance, mainly cluster bombs, over Laos and made 580,000 bombing missions. The Franco-Lao Treaty of 1953 gave Laos full independence but the following years were marked by a rivalry between the neutralists under Prince Souvanna Phouma, the right wing under Prince Boun Oum of Champassak, and the left-wing, Lao Patriotic Front under Prince Souphanouvong and future Prime Minister Kaysone Phomvihane. During this period a number of unsuccessful attempts were made to establish viable coalition governments, and a "tri-coalition" government was seated in Vientiane.
The fighting in Laos included significant participation by North Vietnamese, American, and South Vietnamese military forces—fighting directly and through irregular proxies for control over the Laotian Panhandle, which the North Vietnamese Army occupied to use as a supply corridor and staging area for offensives into the South. The North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao emerged victorious in 1975, along with the general communist victory in Indochina that year. One of the poorer countries in South East Asia, the newly independent Laos had no time to establish either a mature political system or a stable economy before civil war began. Civil war alone would have cost lives and damaged infrastructure but in addition, although never officially at war with the Laos, secret United States bombing raids destroyed crops, lives, villages, and towns. Unexploded bombs continued to maim and kill many years after the end of the war. Laos is the most bombed country on earth. The U.S. dropped more bombs on Laos than on Germany and Japan in World War II. The complex internal and external context probably, at the time, made war inevitable. However, The challenge the world faces is to ensure that the tragedy of this and of other wars shame people into working to end all war. Public sentiment around the world has denounced cluster-bombing and a treaty to make this illegal is open for signature.
After the Geneva Conference established Laotian neutrality, North Vietnamese forces continued to operate in southeastern Laos. That year, Laos gained independence from France as a constitutional monarchy. However, North Vietnam established the Ho Chi Minh trail on Laotian territory and supported an indigenous communist rebellion, the Pathet Lao, to help. The Ho Chi Minh trail was designed for North Vietnamese troops to infiltrate the Republic of Vietnam and to aid the National Liberation Front.
To disrupt these operations without direct military involvement, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) responded by training a force of some thirty thousand Laotians, mostly local Hmong tribesmen along with the Mien and Khmu, led by Royal Lao Army General Vang Pao, a Hmong military leader. This army, supported by the CIA proprietary airline Air America, Thailand, and the Royal Lao Air Force, fought the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the National Liberation Front (NLF), and their Pathet Lao allies to a standstill, greatly aiding U.S. interests in the war in Vietnam. There were repeated attempts from 1954 onward to get the North Vietnamese out of Laos, but regardless of any agreements or concessions, Hanoi had no intention of abandoning the country or its allies. Beyond immediate military necessity, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) viewed Laos as a younger brother needing guidance. In 1968, North Vietnam launched a multi-division attack on the Royal Lao Army. The heavy weapons and scale of the PAVN attack could not be matched by the national army and it was effectively sidelined for several years.
Although the existence of the conflict in Laos was sometimes reported in the U.S., and described in press reports as the CIA's "Secret War in Laos," details were largely unavailable due to official government denials that the war even existed. The denials were seen as necessary considering that the North Vietnamese government and the U.S. had both signed agreements specifying the neutrality of Laos. U.S. involvement was considered necessary because the DRV had effectively conquered a large part of the country and was equally obfuscating its role in Laos. Despite these denials, however, the Civil War was actually the largest U.S. covert operation prior to the Afghan-Soviet War, with areas of Laos controlled by North Vietnam subjected to years of intense American aerial bombardment, representing the heaviest U.S. bombing campaign since World War II and exceeded the number of bombs dropped on Germany and Japan, as well as in the rest of the Vietnam War theater.
Chronology of the war in Laos
On August 9, 1960, Captain Kong Le and his Neutralist battalion were able to seize control of the administrative capital of Vientiane, while Prime Minister Tiao Samsanith, government officials, and military leaders met in the royal capital of Luang Prabang. Immediately, Thailand imposed an embargo on the city of Vientiane. The United States Secretary of State, Christian Herter, made it clear that the United States supported the “legitimate government under the King's direction.” The United States supported the pro-Western government of Prime Minister Tiao Samsanith, even though it was elected illegally. The Neutralist forces at Vientiane organized the Executive Committee of the High Command of the Revolution as the interim government in Laos the following day. The Laotian Civil War began with a coup of the Pro-Western government.
1963 General Vang Pao takes over Sam Neua City with the help of the CIA, bringing much fame to his name in Laos. He becomes a General later in part by his quickness in reclaiming territory around the Plain of Jars for the Royal Lao Government.
In May 1964, the U.S. Air Force began flying reconnaissance missions over the Laotian panhandle to obtain target information on men and material being moved into South Vietnam over the Ho Chi Minh Trail. By this time, the footpaths on the trail had been enlarged to truck roads, with smaller paths for bicycles and walking. The Trail had become the major artery for use by North Vietnam to infiltrate South Vietnam.
In the spring of 1964, Pathet Lao and PAVN troops drove Laotian forces from the Plain of Jars in northern Laos. On June 9, President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered an F-100 strike against the enemy in retaliation for the shooting down of another U.S. aircraft. The Plain of Jars activities expanded by December 1964, were named Operation Barrel Roll and were under the control of the U.S. ambassador to Laos who approved all targets before they were attacked.
The U.S. began Operation Steel Tiger over the Laotian panhandle and the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) on April 3, 1965, to locate and destroy enemy forces and materiel being moved southward at night into South Vietnam. However, since circumstances made it a highly complex matter in regard to the neutrality of Laos, target approval had to come from Washington. Additionally, the U.S. ambassadors in South Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand were involved in controlling these U.S. air operations
Late in 1965, the communists greatly increased their infiltration along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. It was decided to concentrate airpower upon a small segment of the Trail closest to South Vietnam and used most extensively by the enemy. As a result, Operation Tiger Hound was initiated in December 1965, utilizing aircraft from the Air Force, the United States Navy, and U.S. Marines, the Vietnamese Air Force, and the Royal Laotian Air Force. On December 11, B-52 heavy bombers were called in to this tactical operation, in their first use over Laos.
Steel Tiger operations continued down the length of the panhandle in 1966, with special emphasis upon the Tiger Hound area. Since most of the communist truck traffic was at night, the Air Force developed and began using special equipment to detect the nighttime traffic.
July—Royal Lao Government (RLG) forces seize Nam Bac. Three Infantry Regiments, one independent infantry battalion, and one artillery battalion took Nam Bac and established a defensive line north of Luang Prabang.
On the Plain of Jars, the Pathet Lao advance gradually slowed due to the destruction of its supplies by airpower, and Laotian troops then counter-attacked. By August 1966, they had advanced to within 45 miles of the DRV border. North Vietnam then sent thousands of its regular troops into the battle and once again the Laotians were forced to retreat.
The Communists continued their slow advance across the Plain of Jars in 1967. Laotian victories were few and far between, and by the end of the year, the situation had become critical even with the air support which had been provided by the Royal Laotian Air Force, small as it was.
December—PL and PAVN launched an offensive. The 316th Infantry Division was dispatched to Laos to cooperate with the PL.
U.S., Royal Laotian, and VNAF aircraft continued their attacks on traffic along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. During 1967, B-52s flew 1,718 sorties in this area, almost triple their 1966 record. The major targets were trucks which had to be hunted down and destroyed one-by-one. This seemed to be irrational thinking to many Americans flying these combat missions for these trucks could have been destroyed en masse before, during, or after their unloading from the freighters that had hauled them to North Vietnam if bombing of Haiphong had been permitted.
On January 12, the PL PAVN offensive was kicked off. The Nam Bac region, home of 10,000 people, were enslaved by the PL PAVN.
Throughout 1968, the communists slowly advanced across the northern part of Laos, defeating Laotian forces time and time again, and eventually the U.S base Lima Site 85 was overrun. This success was achieved despite U.S. military advice and assistance. In November, the U.S. launched an air campaign against the Ho Chi Minh Trail because North Vietnam was sending more troops and supplies than ever along this route to South Vietnam. This new operation, named Operation Commando Hunt, continued until 1972.
On March 23, 1969, the Royal Lao Army launched a large attack (Cu Kiet Campaign) against the communists in the Plain of Jars/Xieng Khoang areas, supported by its own air units and the U.S. Air Force. In June, the enemy launched an attack of its own and gained ground, but by August, Laotian forces attacked again and regained what had been lost. In all these operations, the U.S. Air Force flew hundreds of Barrel Roll missions, however, many were canceled because of poor weather.
Pathet Lao forces were supported by PAVN's 174th Vietnamese Volunteer Regiment. By September, the 174th had to fall back to regroup. In mid-September they launched a counterattack and recovered the Plain of Jars. Forces participating in the campaign included the 316th and 312th Infantry Divisions, the 866th Infantry Regiment, the 16th Artillery Regiment, one tank company, six sapper and engineer battalions, one Nghe An Province local force battalion, and ten PL battalions.
On February 11, the offensive (Campaign 139) opened. By the 20th, control of the Plain of Jars was secure. RLG forces withdrew to Muong Xui. On February 25, the RLG abandoned Xieng Khoang city. Xam Thong fell on March 18, and Long Thieng was threatened. On April 25, the campaign ended. After the end of the campaign, the "316th Division, the 866th Regiment, and a number of specialty branch units were ordered to stay behind to work with our Lao friends."
At the beginning of 1970, fresh troops from North Vietnam advanced through northern Laos. The Air Force called in B-52s and, on February 17, they were used to bomb targets in northern Laos. The enemy advance was halted by Laotian reinforcements, and for the remainder of the year it was a "seesaw" military campaign.
May 1—elements of SVN PAVN units (28th and 24A regiments) join with North Vietnamese Army and Pathet Lao to seize Attopeu.
Although communist movements down the Ho Chi Minh Trail grew during the year, the U.S. war effort was reduced because authorities in Washington, believing the U.S. objectives in SEA were being achieved, imposed budget limits. This reduced the number of combat missions the USAF could fly.
Because of significant logistical stockpiling by PAVN in the Laotian Panhandle, South Vietnam launched Operation Lam Son 719, a military thrust on 8 February 1971. Its goals were to cross into Laos toward the city of Tchepone and cut the Ho Chi Minh Trail, hopefully thwarting a planned North Vietnamese offensive. Aerial support by the U.S., was massive since no American ground units could participate in the operation. On 25 February, PAVN launched a counterattack, and in the face of heavy opposition, the South Vietnamese force withdrew from Laos after losing approximately half of its men.
Combined offensive to take Plain of Jars. On December 18, PAVN and Pathet Lao forces launch counteroffensive (Campaign Z) to recover the Plain. Volunteer forces included the 312th and 316th Divisions, the 335th and 866th Infantry Regiments, and six artillery and tank battalions. Xam Thong falls and pushes toward Long Thieng.
Lower Laos—the 968th Infantry Regiment and Pathet Lao forces reclaimed the Tha Teng and Lao Nam areas, and liberated the Bolovens Plateau.
During the dry season 1971-72, PL/PAVN forces dug into defensive positions and fought for permanent control of the Plain of Jars. Units participating included the 316th Infantry Division, the 866th, 335th, and 88th Regiments, and nine specialty branch battalions under the command of Senior Colonel Le Linh. Seven PL battalions also participated.
On 21 May RLG forces attempted to seize the Plain. The battle lasted 170 days (until 15 November, 1972). The communists claimed to have killed 1,200 troops and captured 80.
When PAVN launched the Nguyen Hue Offensive (known in the West as the Easter Offensive) into South Vietnam on March 30, Massive U.S. air support was required inside South Vietnam and its air strikes in Laos dropped to their lowest point since 1965.
In northern Laos, the communists made additional gains during the year but failed to overwhelm government forces. In November, the Pathet Lao agreed to meet with Laotian Government representatives to discuss a cease-fire.
The U.S. pulled out of Laos in 1973, as stipulated by the Paris Peace Accord. North Vietnam was not required to remove its forces under the terms of the treaty.
The national government was forced to accept the Pathet Lao into the government. In 1975, Vietnamese and Pathet Lao forces began attacking government strongholds. A deal was eventually brokered that gave power to the Pathet Lao to save the government from total destruction.
Once in power, the Pathet Lao economically cut its ties to all its neighbors (including China) with the exception of the DRV and signed a treaty of friendship with Hanoi. The treaty allowed the Vietnamese to station soldiers within Laos and to place advisers throughout the government and economy. For many years after, Laos was effectively ruled by Vietnam.
Under pressure from American conservatives, twenty two years following the end of the Laotian War, on May 15, 1997, the U.S. officially acknowledged its role in the Secret War, erecting a memorial in honor of American and Hmong contributions to U.S. air and ground combat efforts during the conflict. The Laos Memorial is located on the grounds of the Arlington National Cemetery between the John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Several years later, following several years of pressure from U.S. conservatives and human rights activists, the U.S. government reversed a long-standing policy of denying immigration rights to Hmong refugees, who had fled Laos for refugee camps in Thailand. In a major victory for the Hmong, tens of thousands of Hmong later were afforded expedited U.S. immigration rights by the U.S. government.
In 2000, however, several films were released showing the Secret Army soldiers with their families still running for their life from the Lao government in the jungles of Laos. The films document ongoing human rights abuses by the Laotian government.
One of the poorer countries in South East Asia, the newly independent Laos did not have time to establish either a mature political system or a stable economy before civil war began. Civil war alone would have been costly in lives as well as damage to infrastructure. In addition, use of Laos to house bases for North Vietnam drew Laos into the Vietnam War as well. Never officially at war with the U.S., secret bombing nonetheless devastated the country and killed thousands of innocent people. Laos is the most "bombed nation on earth." The U.S. dropped more bombs on Laos than it did during World War II on Germany and Japan combined. More than 350,000 people were killed during the war, including 50,000 civilians. Unexploded bombs continued to maim and kill many years after the end of the war. The challenge the world faces is to ensure that the tragedy of this and of other wars shame people into working to end all war. In 2008, a treaty, the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban cluster-bombing opened for signatures and Laos had asked all Asian states to "announce their intent to sign." Laos remains a single-party socialist republic.
- Pribbenow (2002), 213.
- Pribbenow (2002), 214.
- Pribbenow (2002), 255.
- Pribbenow (2002), 257.
- Pribbenow (2002), 288.
- Pribbenow (2002), 302.
- United States Department of State, Long Wait Is Over: Hmong from Wat Tham Krabok Begin Arriving in U.S. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- Legacies of War, History of the bombing of Laos. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- John Bacher, 1988, The Secret Team, Part III: Chaos in Laos, Peace Magazine. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- ABC Radio, Treaty will stigmatize use of cluster bombs. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- Cluster Convention, Convention on Cluster Munition -Convention Text in English. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Adams, Nina S. and Alfred W. McCoy, eds. 1970. Laos: War and Revolution. New York, NY: Harper & Row. ISBN 9780060902216.
- Blaufarb, Douglas. 1977. The Counterinsurgency Era. New York, NY: The Free Press. ISBN 9780029037003.
- Champassak, Sisouk Na. 1961. Storm Over Laos. New York, NY: Praeger.
- Conboy, Kenneth with James Morrison. 1995. Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos. Boulder CO: Paladin Press. ISBN 9780873648257.
- Duiker, William J. 1996. The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam. 2nd ed. Westview Press. ISBN 9780891587941.
- Issacs, Arnold, Gordon Hardy, MacAlister Brown, et al. 1987. Pawns of War: Cambodia and Laos. Boston, MA: Boston Publishing Company. ISBN 9780939526246.
- Karnow, Stanley. 1983. Vietnam: A History. New York, NY: Viking. ISBN 9780670746040.
- Kissinger, Henry, and Clare Boothe Luce. 1979. White House Years. Boston, MA: Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316496612.
- McGehee, Ralph W. 1983. Deadly Deceits: My 25 Years in the CIA. New York, NY: Sheridan Square. ISBN 9780940380035.
- Nalty, B.C. 2005. The War Against Trucks Aerial Interdiction in Southern Laos, 1968-1972. Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force.
- Nixon, Richard M. 1978. RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. New York, NY: Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 9780448143743.
- Parker, James E. 1997. Covert Ops: The CIA's Secret War in Laos. Special warfare series. New York, NY: St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 9780312963408.
- Pribbenow, Maidl (translator) and Military History Institute of Vietnam. 2002. Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954-1975. Lawrence KS: University of Kansas Press. ISBN 9780700611751.
- Robbins, Christopher. 1985. Air America. New York, NY: Avon. ISBN 9780399122071.
- Robbins, Christopher. 2000. The Ravens: Pilots of the Secret War in Laos. London, UK: Bantam. ISBN 9780593010471.
- Van Staaveren, Jacob. 1992. Interdiction in Southern Laos, 1960-1968: The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia. Washington, DC: Center for Air Force History. ISBN 9780160337758.
- Van Staaveren, Jacob. 1993. Interdiction in Southern Laos, 1960-1968. Washington, DC: Center of Air Force History. ISBN 9780160337758.
- Vongsavanh, Soutchay. 1981. RLG Military Operations and Activities in the Laotian Panhandle. Indochina monographs. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History.
- Warner, Roger. 1996. Shooting at the Moon: The Story of America's Clandestine War in Laos. South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press. ISBN 9781883642365.
All links retrieved October 22, 2022.
- "'Secret War' Still Killing Thousands," Andre Vltchek, Worldpress.org correspondent, November 14, 2006.
- Legacies of War
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Our cataloguer and book reviewer Jo takes a look at our large and ever-popular History section.
In our new position on the Lower Ground Floor, next to City Library, in the newly refurbished Central Library, we have retained the same subject sections for our books but the layout of our collection is much more light, airy and spacious. Following on from Education, I’ve been taking a fresh look at the History section.
It’s one of the most extensive in terms of the number of publications. All kinds of stories and accounts are told here, from the autobiographical and biographical, the testimonies of individuals and groups of people, to surveys of countries and continents through the lenses of geography, globalism, ethnography, cultural development and power struggles.
There is an emphasis on the Atlantic Slave Trade and the African American experience, as the founder of the collection, Professor Lou Kushnick, taught in the field of American Studies for many years and the original basis of the library collection was his personal collection, therefore centring on African American material and in particular the Civil Rights struggle.
In the History: UK section you can find out about the British Empire (Captives: Britain, Empire and The World 1600-1850, Linda Colley; Absent-minded Imperialists: Empire, Society, and Culture in Britain, Bernard Porter). Books such as these bring home the reality of how Britain developed the habits of occupying, annexing, colonising and enslaving other lands and their peoples. Biographies such as those of Olaudah Equiano and Mary Seacole celebrate the lives of Black heroes and their outstanding contributions – Equiano to the cause of abolition and Seacole to the profession of nursing as she travelled independently to care for British soldiers during the Crimean War having been refused assistance from the War Office, and set up a ‘British hotel’ behind British lines – in effect a field hospital.
Titles call out from the History: US section – From Slavery to Freedom; Urban Emancipation; Ethnicity, Race, and American Foreign Policy; Freedom is a Constant Struggle; Black Activism; and The Civil Rights Era. For anyone studying these subjects, or indeed anyone with an interest in Black and minority ethnic struggles, there are books on all levels of detail, from the broad sweep of historic monographs to the specificity of marginalised group politics, for example Cherokee Women in Crisis, or American Indian Activism.
And the scope of the section does not rest at political history. There are adventures to be discovered, fascinating journeys undertaken and pioneering voyages – just take a look at the books about Black and mixed race sailors (Black sailors: Afro-American Merchant Seamen and Whalemen Prior to the Civil War, Martha S Putney; Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail, W. Jeffrey Bolster). A fleet of Chinese treasure ships arrived on the East African coast 75 years before Columbus crossed the Atlantic – the beginning of a shifting alliance that has been revisited in recent decades between so-called Third World countries and China. The fleet was called the Star Raft, the title of a brilliant book by Philip Snow about China’s encounter with Africa.
There are numerous books on South Africa in the History: Africa section, including Women Under Apartheid, but there is also material on other African countries (Histories of Namibia: Living Through the Liberation Struggle, Colin Leys) and migration stories (Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora). Other sections here include publications about Asia & The Middle East / Australia, South America / Caribbean (India in the Caribbean, David Dabydeen; From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean 1492-1969, Eric Williams), and books on globalism.
Voices from the past that, without such resources as the Ahmed Iqbal Ullah Race Relations Resource Centre, would simply vanish with the passing of time are kept safe here. The Centre is committed to helping create a racially just society and to promoting social and community cohesion; since the start the Centre has been involved in collecting both historic documents and oral histories from Manchester’s Black and ethnic minority communities. The oral history holdings – typed transcriptions of people’s personal accounts of their own lives and the spirit of their times – complement the History section, bringing new layers and new life to the collection. | <urn:uuid:b124d47a-a682-449d-a470-ead77f2bd6d4> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://aiucentre.wordpress.com/2014/04/09/up-from-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500094.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204044030-20230204074030-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.925497 | 896 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In this tutorial, you will learn how to illustrate a bee icon using simple shapes and colors. This adorable insect can be drawn in just five steps. Then, I will show you a few alternatives to make your creation visually more appealing and interesting.
Bees are playing a crucial role in nature. There are responsible for pollination, which is important to whole ecological system. Of course, bees are also producing honey! Who doesn't love honey! ;)
Let's begin this lesson by sketching a few basic elements to create a guideline. This template will later be used to draw the character. You can start by adding the head using a circle. Then, draw a long rectangle to form the body. Wings are made from thin rectangles.
You can now use these shapes to draw the bee. To do so, you can draw long curved lines for the wings, a diamond for the body and an oval shape to illustrate the head. Cool! Now that all shapes are drawn, you can remove the template (or the shapes with an orange outline).
Inside the head, draw two large circles to represent the eyes. The pupils are done using smaller circles. The mouth is made from a small curved line. Finally, complete this third step by drawing the legs and the arms as shown in the illustration below.
On top of the head, draw antennas using broken lines. The tip of both antennas is made from a small oval shape. Inside the body of the cartoon bee, draw some lines to form the stripes. Excellent! The drawing part of this lesson is now completed. Let's add some colors!
The head and the body of the bee are filled with a bright yellow color. The end of both antennas can be red. The antennas and the stripes are black while the wings can be filled with a dark blue color. Now that this adorable bee icon is finished, let's work on a few alternatives to see how things might look like.
Icons are usually quite simple. That's why the original version was created without outlines. You can draw some outlines to enhance this little character, but while doing so your illustration might look a little bit more cartoonish (and less like an icon). It's really depends on the digital effect you are looking for.
In this case, an outline was added around the entire character, but not on individual shapes. The illustration still looks like an icon, but this one feels more polished, visually more interesting.
I hope you had fun working with this character. As you can see below, only five simple shapes were required to illustrate this one. You can also try more animals from the same series here.
Don't forget to keep your illustration simple if your goal is to create an icon. More cool cartoon bees from this site are available below. Have fun and enjoy! :)
External resources: How to draw a bee | <urn:uuid:3eac81f4-19db-450d-b785-1c8ccd7a094c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.how-to-draw-funny-cartoons.com/bee-icon.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500094.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204044030-20230204074030-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.947398 | 581 | 3.96875 | 4 |
What Is Laser Scan Service in BIM?
Scan-to-BIM is the process of recording an existing structure to use Building Information Modeling as a digital planning tool (BIM).
Scan to BIM creates a data-rich, linked, and constructible workflow. Having precise measurements to work with is essential for creating accurate models. The accuracy of measurements and 3D model content in BIM projects has reached new heights thanks to 3D laser scanning.
In the overall Scan-to-BIM process, a laser scanner is used to acquire a precise 3D scan of the project’s real-world conditions.
The scan data is then loaded into a 3D modelling system, where it is used to build accurate as-built models or to inform the design with real-world conditions.
3D scanning is a technique that captures the reality of construction. This scan service in BIM is gradually becoming the future of construction.
It is accurate and does not miss out on any important details as it puts photo-detectors and sensors to use. Laser scanning devices use laser beams to capture the exact shape and dimensions of a structure.
Important Steps In the Scanning Process
The important steps in the laser scanning process are :
- Data collection with a 3D laser scanner
- Backing up this data with the design office
- Incorporate it into the BIM process.
Benefits of Using Scan-To-BIM Service In BIM
The Benefits of Using Scan-To-BIM Service in BIM are as follows :
- Improved collaboration and transparency
- Help in keeping work costs moderate
- The service is efficient, fast and Safe
- Detection of geometric interference/clearance when comparing point clouds and geometry.
- The model helps make decision making easier and helps make the process simpler.
- Provides quality and assures greater performance from the model, which is derived from laser scans.
In what way is BIM related to scan-to-BIM?
The demand for BIM implementation in the AEC industry and the development of BIM designs for existing buildings is increasing. Scan-to-BIM is rapidly becoming a necessary component of the BIM process.
When a project incorporates a pre-existing structure, or site, reality capture of as-built conditions can give the model important information before a designer ever starts working.
Our company provides accurate and the highest standard quality laser scanning services, which have very little chance of human error; as a result, the data is sure to be both reliable and precise. We also have a very quick turnaround time, and the pricing of our service is also very Cost-Effective.
Scan-to-BIM is one of the most important services in the BIM process; its expansion is related to the general adoption of BIM in construction and building maintenance.
Another factor is point cloud technology’s increased accessibility and usability, which lowers the entrance hurdle for AEC professionals contemplating scan-to-BIM.
Laser scanning of existing structures allows for the faster creation of 3D BIM models. Project teams can now work together quickly to study and evaluate current structures. | <urn:uuid:762868a9-4e2b-4c54-aa58-546abf23aaee> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://globalassociates.biz/2022/04/19/laser-scan-service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500641.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207201702-20230207231702-00332.warc.gz | en | 0.92747 | 657 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Does the word plaza evoke thoughts of festivals, shared meals, spiritual or other community gatherings? It is likely that the Low Platform Mound (a flat-topped mound) stood at a plaza that hosted these types of activities and others such as trade, diplomatic meetings, and sports like wrestling or stickball. Today, when we gather with the Caddo community at Caddo Mounds, we do so in the open space around the Grass House and in view of the Mounds, the ancient reminders of the thriving community who lived here for more than 20 generations.
What's in Caddo Voices
Each section of the Caddo Voices Virtual Experience places content into a play list of Contemporary Caddo, Practice, and Ethnohistory videos.
- In Contemporary Caddo you will learn about current Indigenous movements.
- In Practice you are invited to explore hands-on projects that incorporate traditional Caddo knowledge into modern projects.
- In Ethnohistory you will tap into a wide range of scholarship about Caddo history and culture from anthropologists, historians, and other researchers.
In this extensive 2021 bibliography, you will find 386 pages of resources to learn more about Caddo history and culture, https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4012&context=ita
Visit the THC’s Learning Resource page for home-related lesson plans and activities you can do at home or on a visit to Caddo Mounds SHS, https://www.thc.texas.gov/education/learning-resources
Read the Caddo stories written down in Traditions of the Caddo by George Dorsey in 1905. Dorsey’s stories were collected from Caddo informants including Tsa Bisuh “Wing” (who told 49% of the stories) and Dashkat Hakaayuʔ “Whitebread” (who told 19% of the stories) https://archive.org/details/traditionsofcadd00dorsrich
Explore more about the Caddo history and culture at Texas Beyond History, https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/ | <urn:uuid:e017af76-3346-4734-b1b7-267bdfe329aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://learning.thc.texas.gov/online-experiences/caddo-voices-exhibit/low-platform-mound/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501066.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209014102-20230209044102-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.9025 | 466 | 2.90625 | 3 |
April 26-28, 2022: See this snip from the New Scientist:
Severe Indian heatwave will bake a billion people and damage crops
An unusual heatwave forecast across much of India will see temperatures in the mid-to-high 40s°C
This article has been viewed 466 times in the last 3 hours.
ENVIRONMENT 26 April 2022
By Adam Vaughan
More than a billion people are facing a severe heatwave across India this week, which will have wide-ranging consequences for the health of the most vulnerable and will damage wheat harvests.
Temperatures in the mid-to-high 40s°C are forecast for much of the country in the coming days, with the India Meteorological Department (IMD) issuing heatwave warnings for several states.
The UK Met Office says that temperatures are currently above average in India and that this will probably continue into the coming week. India is entering a season ahead of the monsoon’s arrival when heatwaves are common, the Met Office says, but this year it follows a period of unusually early sweltering conditions in India.
March was record-breakingly hot, with a national average maximum temperature of 33.10°C, beating the 33.09°C set in March 2010. R K Jenamani, head of the national weather forecasting centre at the IMD, says that the recent heatwaves have been notable because they occurred during a La Niña weather pattern – which usually has a cooling effect globally – while the 2010 records took place during an El Niño, which has a warming effect.
“It’s really bad,” says Arpita Mondal at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, where she says high humidity means that temperatures around 32°C feel more like 38°C. “It’s very tiring and stressful,” she adds. What is notable is how early the heatwaves have come, she says. They are also unusually widespread, baking almost the entire country rather than just India’s two usual heat hotspots, the central north-western region, including Rajasthan, and the south-east, including Andhra Pradesh.
Continues …click below
BBC on Thursday:
Millions of Indians are experiencing a brutal heatwave that is throwing lives and livelihoods out of gear – and there is no relief in sight.
“Temperatures are rising rapidly in the country, and rising much earlier than usual,” Prime Minister Narendra Modi told state chief ministers on Wednesday.
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast a gradual rise in maximum temperatures by 2-4C over most parts of north-western and central India this week, with “no large change thereafter”.
While heatwaves are common in India, especially in May and June, summer began early this year with high temperatures from March itself – average maximum temperatures in the month were the highest in 122 years. Heatwaves also began setting in during the month.
Reuters, April 26:
The U.N. World Food Programme said on Tuesday that 13 million people across the Horn of Africa face severe hunger, calling for immediate assistance to avoid a repeat of a famine a decade ago that killed hundreds of thousands of people.
Three failed rainy seasons have created the driest conditions since the 1980s, with forecasts of below-average rainfall set to increase suffering in the coming months.
“Harvests are ruined, livestock are dying, and hunger is growing as recurrent droughts affect the Horn of Africa,” said Michael Dunford, Regional Director in the WFP Regional Bureau for Eastern Africa.
The conditions have decimated livestock, forcing thousands in a region where many are farmers into displacement camps.
“We never experienced this before, we only see dust storms now. We are afraid that they will cover us all and become our graveyard,” said Mohamed Adem from the Somali region of Ethiopia in a WFP video.
(Pictures from Reuters)
World Food Programme (WFP) staff engages with the local community and beneficiaries of their programme in Wajir, northeastern Kenya, December 2, 2021. World Food Programme/Handout via REUTERS
Aerial footage taken nearby showed vast dusty scrubland strewn with cattle carcasses. In Kebele village, people tied ropes beneath the torso of a thin cow to raise it to its feet. | <urn:uuid:ee2eeeb8-b980-4cc4-8e19-5f963d462f5b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://carrzee.org/2022/04/27/baking-a-billion-people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499697.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129012420-20230129042420-00692.warc.gz | en | 0.958218 | 915 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Combining optimization with analytics is a frequent topic now. Through data analytics and optimizations are specifically hot topics at the moment, they’ve been widely used in marketing analytics and research for over 30 years. But there are still people who don’t know what Analytics and Optimization mean. So here is a brief description for those who are new to this field.
Web Analytics is the measurement, collection and analysis, and reporting of internet data for the purpose of understanding and optimizing web usage. Companies may apply analytics to business data to describe, predict, and improve business performance.
Particularly known as Search Engine Optimization is the process of improving the visibility of a website or webpage in search engine results.SEO considers how search engines work, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines, and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience.
Digital analytics was mainly focused on reporting. The analytics were mostly descriptive, emphasizing what happened and possibly, why it happened. Between analytics technologies not actually being very analytical and data stored in proprietary structures, it was difficult to get data into another technology to do more detailed or sophisticated analytics. What made me think, though, was that the future of analytics is not in reporting or spreadsheets, visualization, or cubes. The future is to find new ways to bring human expertise and data analysis techniques together to make learning mechanisms that start “smart” and get “smarter”.Using analytics can help you track marketing efforts and optimize future marketing campaigns, enabling you to ultimately make the best possible decisions. With real, quantitative results you can develop your future marketing campaigns with full assurance & confidence.
Optimization is a business analytics tool. Analytics is considered to predict the future whereas optimization does not predict any future.
Future of Analytics Industry
Major components for the analysis of web data are current search engines like Google. They are able to search the whole web and return documents containing the special character string. There is a soaring demand for Analytics professionals. Jeanne Harris, a senior executive at Accenture Institute for High Performance, once said data is useless without the skill to analyze it. We all know how true is that! There are more job opportunities in Analytics and Optimization than there were last year and many IT professionals are prepared to invest time and money for the training.
The demand for Analytics skills is going up steadily but there is a huge shortfall on the supply side. This issue is global and not restricted to any part of geography. In spite of Big Data Analytics being a Hot job, there is still a large number of unfilled jobs across the globe due to a shortage of required skills. McKinsey Global Institute states that the US will face a shortage of about 190,000 data scientists and 1.5 million managers and analysts who can understand and make decisions using Big Data by 2018.
There is a strong demand for Data Analytics skills and is boosting the wages for qualified professionals. Big Data pay big bucks for the right skill. A look at the salary trend for Big Data Analytics indicates positive and exponential growth. According to the Peer Research Big Data Analytics survey, it was found that Big Data Analytics is one of the top priorities of the organizations participating in the survey as they believe that it improves the performances of their organizations.
Analytics is a key resource for many companies which is competitive. According to the Analytics Advantage survey, ninety-six percent of respondents feel that analytics will become more important to their organizations in the next three years.
This is because of a huge amount of data that is not being used and at this point, only rudimentary analytics is being done. About forty nine percent of the respondents strongly believe that analytics is a key factor in better decision-making capabilities. Another sixteen percent like it for its superior key strategic initiatives. Analytics plays an important role in driving business strategy and making effective business decisions.
From a career point of view, there are so many options available, in terms of the domain as well as the nature of the job. Since Analytics is utilized in varied fields, there are numerous job titles for one to choose from.Big Data Analytics Business Consultant, Big Data Analytics Architect, Big Data Engineer, Big Data Solution Architect, Big Data Analyst, Analytics Associate, Business Intelligence and Analytics Consultant, Metrics and Analytics Specialist.Big Data Analytics career is deep and one can choose from the 3 types of data analytics depending on the Big Data environment-Prescriptive Analytics, Predictive Analytics &Descriptive Analytics.
Future of Web Optimization Industry:
Search Engine Optimization is all about to figure out how to make Google put you on the first page. The Internet of 2015 is still a pretty simple world. Most people still access information through a web browser. The Internet still needs you to tell it exactly what you want in a very particular way. The Internet’s mobile app generation has started to change this. The Internet of Things will change it further and so will wearable technology.
SEO, as it stands today, is mostly a one-trick pony. Keyword targeting, link building, and on-page search optimization are all tactics that accomplish one thing. Get Google to think your web page is more important than someone elses web page.The future of Internet is about context. Its about knowing what content a person needs, when they need it. It’s proactive, not reactive to a search query in a box. And, it’s diverse in terms of format and function.
Rand Fishkin had mentionedhow important it is to be contextually relevant; that if you create great content that readers want to consume, Google will rank you well. And this is the first step toward a truly audience-focused mentality about how we build web content.The best SEOs already get this.We’re already good at stomping down content that isn’t relevant or valuable. Were going to keep getting better. And, someday most of the content created using traditional SEO tactics is going to get stomped down.Web content strategy simply cannot be the zero-sum game called Hack the Algorithm. I’m talking about white hat SEO, too. Gaming an algorithm by Google’s rules is still gaming the algorithm.
Its time to start thinking differently about being found. If your marketing strategies priority #1 is to rank high on Google, your clock is ticking.
No matter how advanced Analytics is, it does not neglect the need for human insights. On contrary, there is a compelling need for skilled people with the ability to understand data, think from the business point of view, and come up with insights.
For this very reason professionals with Analytics, skills are finding themselves in high demand as businesses look to harness the power of Big Data. A professional with Analytical skills can master the ocean of Big Data and become a vital asset to an organization, boosting the business and their career.
With an increase in demand for SEO services, employment opportunities in the industry are also increasing. Therefore, you can expect more job opportunities in the Digital Marketing industry.SEO is a profession that can be practiced while working for a company or even as a solo practitioner. Salaries over $80K per annum are not an exception for SEO jobs. Almost all freelance sites have sections for SEO services and offer for $50 an hour or more is quite common.
Where do you think Analytics and Optimization is heading to in 2016? Please share your thoughts in the comments below! | <urn:uuid:6c9cb196-31b5-4aff-b9f5-19d35618730b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://softloom.com/analytics-and-optimization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499697.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129012420-20230129042420-00692.warc.gz | en | 0.940805 | 1,536 | 2.53125 | 3 |
April 22, 2019
DepEd Memorandum No. 47, s. 2019
Table of Contents
MEASLES OUTBREAK RESPONSE AND PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION IN SCHOOLS
Bureau and Service Directors
Schools Division Superintendents
Public and Private Elementary and Secondary School Heads
All Others Concerned
The declaration of measles outbreak of the Department of Health (DOH) calls for emergency response from all government agencies, including the Department of Education (DepEd) to address the health issue.
Measles is an acute viral respiratory illness. It is a highly contagious disease and can be transferred from one person to person by coughing, sneezing, and direct contact with infectious droplets. The DOH, in partnership with DepEd, shall take appropriate measures to protect school-age children and prevent measles transmission in schools and during large scale school events.
In line with this, a Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) between DepEd and DOH (copy enclosed) has been crafted to prevent transmission of measles to learners. The policy shall cover schoolchilden from Kindergarten to Grade 6 enrolled in public schools nationwide and those athletes who will participate in the Palarong Pambansa 2019.
Regional directors, schools division superintendents, and other school officials are enjoined to provide full support in the implementation of the JMC. Health personnel are expected to coordinate with DOH regional and provincial health offices for this concern. This activity shall be monitored by the DOH and by the DepEd central office, regional, and schools division offices.
Parental consent must be secured prior to the conduct of the vaccination.
Immediate dissemination of this Memorandum is desired.
LEONOR MAGTOLIS BRIONES
Measles Outbreak Response and Prevention of Transmission in Schools Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) No. 1, s. 2019
Measles is an acute viral respiratory illness. It is a highly contagious disease and can be transferred from person to person by coughing, sneezing and direct contact with infectious droplets. On February 7, 2019 the Department of Health (DOH) declared measles outbreak in the National Capital Region, Regions III, IVA, VI, and X. As of 17 February, 2019, there were 9,267 reported measles cases with 202 deaths. As part of the outbreak response, the DOH, in partnership with the Department of Education (DepEd), shall take appropriate measures to protect school-age children and prevent measles transmission in schools and during large-scale school events.
1) Prevent transmission of measles and other infectious diseases in schools.
2) Provide guidelines on screening of students participating in school events.
3) Provide guidelines on triaging and referral of measles cases in school events.
III. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This policy shall cover school age children (Kindergarten to Grade 6) enrolled in public schools nationwide and those athletes that will participate in the Palarong Pambansa 2019.
IV. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1) Eligible learners – learners enrolled in kindergarten to grade 6 who, after screening for immunizations status, have no or incomplete measles vaccination.
2) Incomplete measles vaccination -Status of having received only 1 dose of measles contacting vaccine (MCV)
3) Measles Containing Vaccine (MCV) – A vaccine containing live, attenuated measles virus either as monovalent vaccine or combination with one or more of rubella, mumps, and varicella vaccines (e.g. measles only, MMR, MR)
4) Recent exposure to measles – refers to the situation wherein an individual was in close contact with a confirmed or suspected measles case four (4) days before to four (4) days after the appearance of rashes and symptoms in the index case.
5) Triaging – the process of determining the proper intervention for confirmed and suspected measles as well as exposure to such cases, based on the existing protocol and guidelines.
V. SPECIFIC GUIDELINES
1) Prevention of Further Transmission of Measles in Schools
Measles is characterized by fever and malaise (body pain), cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis (red eyes) followed by a maculopapular rash. Patients are considered to be contagious from four (4) days before to four (4) days after the rash appears. School teachers need to be alert in identifying possible measles cases to implement critical measures to stop the measles transmission.
a. School officials should advise parents/guardians whose children manifest flu-like symptoms (fever and body malaise, cough, colds, conjunctivitis) to keep them at home and seek immediate medical attention.
b. Learners should not attend schools while sick to avoid further transmission and to allow for further recovery. Patients with measles should remain isolated until four (4) days after the appearance of rashes.
c. School officials shall promptly isolate and refer the student with symptoms to the nearest facility/health center.
d. Standard precautions such as hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette should be observed at all times.
e. Immediately report the suspected measles case to the health center or rural health unit for proper case investigation.
f. Principal shall declare suspension of classes for four (4) days in a particular classroom with a suspected measles case and with an established clustering of cases in the community.
g. Principal shall declare school-wide suspension for four (4) days when >20% of the classrooms among Kindergarten to Grade 6 have suspected measles cases.
h. Upon resumption of classes, students who remain symptomatic shall be advised not to report to school, and the teacher should be vigilant in monitoring the health condition of their learners. Sick learners must be sent home.
2) Prevention of Transmission of Diseases in Individual or Groups in School-Related Events/Activities
Crowding can facilitate transmission of diseases. To prevent further transmission of diseases in school-related events, the delegates / attendees are encouraged to follow these protocols:
i. In areas with ongoing measles transmission, the delegates I attendees are enjoined to limit mobility of playing venues and billeting quarters as much as possible;
ii. Discourage those who are sick and those with recent exposure to measles from attending school-related events/activities;
iii. Enforce proper personal hygiene in all areas of the school events:
a. Proper hand washing or use of hand disinfectant is a must
b. Covering of nose when coughing or sneezing using the sleeves of your shirt
c. Proper disposal of used tissues with respiratory secretions
d. No spitting
e. No borrowing of personal effects
iv. Intensify campaign for proper health, nutrition and healthy lifestyle
b. Screening and Immunization:
i. All Kinder to Grade 6 (K to 6) learners and athletes participating in 2019 Palarong Pambansa shall be screened for previous measles history and measles vaccination history (i.e. vaccination card, school health records, and parents’ recall) in their respective schools.
ii. All Kinder to Grade 6 (K to 6) learners and athletes participating in 2019 Palarong Pambansa shall undergo screening or assessment on their medical history to determine whether the student is fit to undergo the vaccination process.
iii. All K to 6 learners and athletes participating in 2019 Palarong Pambansa with zero, or only one dose of MCV, or unknown history of measles vaccination shall be entered in the master list for vaccination. The procedures in this and the two immediately preceding paragraphs are to be implemented by the DOH, with the assistance of DepEd Public Health Workers who shall be under the authority and responsibility of DOH.
iv. Vaccination Informed Consent Forms shall be distributed among parents/guardians of K to 6 learners and athletes participating in 2019 Palarong Pambansa included in the master list (see Annex 1: Measles Immunization History and Parent’s Consent Form). Information regarding the vaccination history of the student or pupil shall be provided by the parents, guardians or other authorized persons in a document to be signed by them for confirmation.
v. Only those with signed Vaccination Informed Consent Forms shall be vaccinated
vi. K to 6 learners and athletes participating in the 2019 Palarong Pambansa whose parents refused to give consent for vaccination will be referred to their respective Local Government Units for appropriate action to convince the parents to allow their children to be vaccinated.
vii. School officials shall coordinate with the LGUs hosting special events (e.g. Athletic meets, Festivals, Concerts) to ensure high vaccination coverage among vulnerable age group in their respective areas.
c. Interventions and triaging of suspect measles cases during the 2019 Palarong Pambansa:
i. The medical team shall monitor the health condition of the delegation.
ii. Dedicate an isolation room for suspect measles cases. Those who are exposed will be under close watch preferably in separate room isolated from others.
iii. Coordinate with the local health units of the host LGU for the proper referral and management of cases.
VI. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1) Department of Health: The National DOH, Centers for Health Development (CHD), Provincial DOH Offices, and the collaborating Bureaus and Units shall be responsible for the following:
The DOH shall provide the necessary vaccines and other immunization logistics following the routine system of distribution of the immunization logistics.
a. Disease Prevention and Control Bureau (DPCB), in collaboration with DepEd, shall develop guidelines on measles vaccination in school during measles outbreak.
b. Epidemiology Bureau including Regional Epidemiology Surveillance Units, shall collect all reports on adverse event following immunization (AEFIs), conduct case investigation and submit reports to CHD Directors and DPCB and to the Secretary of Health, as needed.
DOH shall ensure that all its units are ready to provide support needed for implementation of the JMC.
2) Department of Education: The DepEd shall be responsible for the following:
The DepEd, in collaboration with DOH, shall develop guidelines on measles vaccination in school during measles outbreak and ensure that all its units follow the guidelines for prevention of transmission of measles in schools, and in individual/school-related events/activities.
The DepEd shall assist and facilitate the implementation of immunization in school, issue memoranda about the said activity, inform learners, parents, teachers, and school clinic staff on measles outbreak vaccination in school, distribute and retrieve informed consent forms for measles vaccination, screen learners on the status of measles vaccination, accomplish the master list of eligible learners for vaccination, and assist vaccinators during immunization schedules. The assistance and facilitation required from DepEd to implement the implementation of immunization in schools will be up to the extent of providing public health workers who will help in conducting the actual process of vaccination in schools but these DepEd public health workers shall be under the authority and supervision of DOH.
VII. DATA PRIVACY
Any necessary personal and sensitive information shall be gathered with the consent of the data subject, declared, specified and used for legitimate purposes in relation to the Project and appropriately protected in consonance with Republic Act 10173 or the Data Privacy Act. Only authorized personnel of the Parties shall have access to any personal and sensitive data/information gathered. All personal and sensitive data/information shall be stored, processed and disposed of in accordance with applicable laws.
This Joint Memorandum Circular shall take effect immediately. | <urn:uuid:547a795e-0a71-4ed3-94ef-7424f08e6dea> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.teacherph.com/measles-outbreak-response-and-prevention-of-transmission-in-schools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499697.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129012420-20230129042420-00692.warc.gz | en | 0.920158 | 2,450 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Food, Environment and Health
FOOD, ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH – BIOL3217
It is a cross-disciplinary exploration of the environmental, socio-economic, public health and personal nutrition contexts of food systems. The course focuses on how our food choices influence the environment, how the environment impacts our diet and health and what actions can improve these interactions.
The environment, human well-being and the functioning of society are highly influenced by food production and consumption. Are we destroying the environment as we struggle to feed the growing population? Is the environment becoming increasingly toxic for our health? Examples of the topics included in the course: the impact of certain dietary habits and demands on food systems (e.g. demand for cheap sources of calories, rise of meat consumption, demand for year-round luxury foods), the depletion of soil and increased use of fertilisers; xenobiotics and human health; how sensory decisions are influenced by the environment and much more. | <urn:uuid:0987a16c-fad4-4685-ac2b-43caec9ec62f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://foodnaturelab.org/food-environment-health-spa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499804.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130070411-20230130100411-00772.warc.gz | en | 0.933642 | 197 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Know how to use proper and common nouns
A noun can be either common or proper. A proper noun is the name of something specific, such as a person, place, company or idea. They are capitalized because they are names. Common nouns don’t identify something specific by themselves. They are only capitalized if they are the first word in a sentence.Copyright © 2002-2023 WorksheetWorks.com All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:783b5466-f9c9-47c9-b7c2-91cf4fa304b6> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://worksheetworks.com/english/partsofspeech/nouns/common-and-proper.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499804.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130070411-20230130100411-00772.warc.gz | en | 0.932223 | 92 | 4.40625 | 4 |
In 2373, Voyager reached the edge of Swarm space. The first contact came when a Swarm vessel encountered one of Voyager's shuttles. The encounter did not go well; two Swarm members beamed aboard and fired on the crew without warning using a neuro-electric weapon. Which inflicted severe trauma on the nervous system. Fortunately the crewmembers were quickly rescued, and Voyager's EMH was able to successfully treat the damage.
A mysterious species, the Swarm were largely an unknown quantity to Neelix, the ship's Delta Quadrant expert. Most ships which entered their territory did not return, or returned but with everybody aboard dead. Nobody knew the real name of the species, their numbers, or any details of their culture. The only contact the Swarm had with other species was a single repeating message which even the universal translator could not interpret.
It would take Voyager some fifteen months to travel around Swarm space even at maximum warp speeds, but by choosing their course carefully the ship would be in Swarm space for only four days. The Swarm maintained a network of interlaced tachyon beams to detect ships crossing their borders; by adjusting the shields to refract the beams, the ship was able to pass through undetected. As they made the attempt, the ship detected a vast fleet of small Swarm vessels in their space, all lying dormant with no weapons or propulsion powered. Undeterred, Captain Janeway ordered the ship through Swarm space in violation of Starfleet regulations.
Unfortunately, things soon began to go wrong. Voyager, already limited to warp 9.75 from her top speed of 9.975 , was further slowed by a resonance particle wave which dampened the warp field. Then they encountered a disabled freighter which had been very badly damaged. Recovering a survivor, they found that the Swarm fleet had attacked him. They clamped onto his ship, draining the energy from it and sending boarding parties who killed used neuro-electric weapons to kill the crew. Despite the best efforts of Voyager's EMH, the man was too badly wounded to survive.
Worse was to follow; an active Swarm vessel was still attached to Voyager, and fired a polaron beam at the ship which changed the shield polarity and made it clearly visible to every other Swarm ship in the vicinity. The large fleet powered up and pursued Voyager, using an interferometric pulse which modulated in opposition to the Starship's shield frequencies, cancelling them out and dismantling the shields completely. The same pulse reflected phaser fire directly back at Voyager, and without shields use of photon torpedoes was impossible.
The Swarm vessels clamped onto Voyager's hull, draining the ship's systems and transporting boarding parties aboard. Fortunately Ensign Kim was able to analyse the interferometric pulse, discovering that it was an energy lattice which connected all the Swarm ships together. With a modification of the shields to resist the phaser reflection effect, Janeway was able to score a solid hit on one ship which in turn disabled the whole fleet via their connection. The Starship was able to escape the Swarm and proceed on course. | <urn:uuid:a0ba6a03-83d6-4943-970a-5d8c3d037abd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.ditl.org/battle-page.php?BattleID=27&ListID=Battles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499804.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130070411-20230130100411-00772.warc.gz | en | 0.970866 | 664 | 2.59375 | 3 |
T HERE are as many definitions of public opinion as there aredisciplinary points of view. Political scientists see public opinion interms of the distribution of power and the management of societies. Sociologists theorize about collective forces at work. This review will take a communication perspective to public opinion. It will center on research traditions that address the perception that public opinion exists and that this perception is gained by observing and communicating. If we accept as reality that perceptions of the reality of public opinion exist, then we may ask how people gain those perceptions and how they act upon them. | <urn:uuid:93fe7ff6-aa5a-4a88-8547-3767dc9c0d87> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9780203856192-22/communication-perspectives-public-opinion-traditions-innovations-alex-edelstein-james-anderson?context=ubx&refId=ef3b89b2-d0dd-447b-91c4-0b4d0706b695 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499804.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130070411-20230130100411-00772.warc.gz | en | 0.95605 | 116 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Gypsies have shared a common faith with Hungarians for many centuries. They put their talents, vitality, arts, physical work, as well as their lives when needed, at the service of their common homeland. Although their hardships were often greater than those of the majority population, 30 years after the regime change this exhibition is intended to be a gesture of homage to hungary’s gypsy heroes. You can enter the exhibition for free.
‘Don’t fear, Hungarians; the Gypsies are here!’
Marosvásárhely / Târgu Mureș, March 20, 1990.
BÉLA PUCZI (1948–2009)
He was born at Sáromberke / Dumbrăvioara. He was 42 when, in Marosvásárhely / Târgu Mureș, Gypsies from Marosszentgyörgy/Sângeorgiu de Mureș took sides with the Hungarians fighting for their rights in March 1990. In retaliation, Puczi and several of his comrades were arrested by the Romanian authorities, then condemned to various prison terms. He fled to Hungary but did not manage either to be granted asylum or get a job. He died as a homeless in 2009. He was posthumously awarded the Petőfi Diploma of Resilience by our public foundation in 2010. Joining our initiative, Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai awarded him the For Minorities Prize in recognition of the courage shown by Puczi and his comrades.
JÓZSEF KOVÁCS HONTALAN (=STATELESS) (1950–2017) POET AND JOURNALIST
He wrote his first poem at the age of 23, while his first newspaper report described life in the workers’ hostel where he lived, until he was dismissed in the wake of that very report. He published over 20 volumes of poetry and newspaper reports. He was one of the central figures of the world of Roma intellectuals in the 1970s and 80s. He was an assiduous participant of camps for young Gypsies where he held unorthodox lectures on literature. His works have been published in Dutch, German, English, Croatian and Romani. Throughout his life, he remained attached to his native town, Mohács where he was a member of the city council from 1994 to 1998.
ILONA SZABÓ „KÓCOS” (=BLOWSY) (1939?–1956) FREEDOM FIGHTER
Recollections put her age at only 17 and describe her as four months pregnant, when along with her friends, she joined the revolution. Shoulder to shoulder with his fiancé, Gábor Dilinkó, she was part of the armed group of freedom fighters based in front of Corvin Cinema. She was shot dead at the Western and of Práter Street. Her body was thrown into a garbage container.
LÁSZLÓ ROSTÁS (1953–2017) COMMUNITY LEADER, SOCIAL WORKER
After having grown up at the Gypsy quarter of Kiskunhalas, he became a locksmith. During the last years of the communist dictatorship, he worked as a social worker in one of the first family support Institutes in Hungary. He graduated as a social worker from ELTE University and became, after the regime change, chairman of the local minority self-government, of the local city council and vice-chairman of the National Roma Minority Self-government. It is his merit that by now, one of the deputy mayors of Kiskunhalas is a representative of the local Roma community.
BÉLA SZAKCSI LAKATOS (1943) PIANIST, COMPOSER
He started playing the piano at the age of nine. Studied classical music, but found jobs as a bar musician in Moulin Rouge, the Royal and the Astoria hotels. He was barely 21 when he played in nightclubs in Sweden, Switzerland and Germany. Upon his return, 10 years later, he started a new career as a jazz musician. He played an important role in spreading fusion music in Hungary. He taught jazz piano at the High School of Musical Art in Budapest for 12 years. His Gypsy musical entitled Rat Caravan was staged in 1975. His album entitled Na dara! (Don’t fear!) Which created a new musical genre, Gypsy Jazz, was issued in 2004. He won the Kossuth Prize in 2005.
TAMÁS PÉLI (1948–1994) PAINTER, POLITICIAN
He would make drawings all any possible surfaces – the doors of cupboards, bedsheets, windows. His application to study at the Budapest School of Fine Arts was rejected, unlike his application to the Dutch Royal Academy of Fine Arts. He returned to Hungary in 1974 and became a figurative arts teacher without a teacher’s degree. His studio soon became an important meeting point for Roma intellectuals, and he played a decisive role in setting up the first official gypsy organisation, the Cultural Alliance of Hungary’s Gypsies. In 1992, he became an MP on behalf of the Socialist Party. He was re-elected in 1994, but died before the end of that year, at the age of 47.
TIBOR SZEGEDI (1961–1997) COMMUNITY ORGANISER, POLITICIAN
He was born in Barcs where most of the Roma community still lives in a separate quarter of the township. Until 1990, Tibor worked in the local sawmill as a welder and as a maintenance worker. From the mid-1980s, he was one of the people who set up a Roma football team named after the famous violinist Pista Dankó and which survived until 2017. At the first free local administrative elections, he was elected a councilmember and then he founded the Organisation of Gypsy Council Members of Southern Somogy County. In 1991, he was a founding member of the Roma Parliament and headed the local minority self-government in his hometown until his tragic early death.
MAGDOLNA DEBRE (1950) EDUCATOR, FOUNDER OF THE FIRST GYPSY KINDERGARTEN
She lost both her parents as a young child. When the family moved to Budapest,
Magdi enrolled in an elementary school in Csepel, Budapest 23rd district. After long detours, she became an educator herself, thanks to her erstwhile teacher. She graduated and started teaching in 1981. At the time, her teaching methods were considered to be unorthodox – she would sit down with her pupils on a carpet, and, whenever they would get tired, they could have a rest on a pillow or on the lap of their teacher. With her husband, a teacher-engineer, she set up the country’s first gypsy minority kindergarten in Csepel, in 1993.
JÁNOS BOGDÁN (1963–1999) EDUCATOR, FOUNDER OF THE FIRST GYPSY HIGH SCHOOL
Born on the vineyard slopes at Görgeteg as the sixth child of a family of Beás Gypsies (who speak a Romanian dialect), he went to a vocational school to become a turner, then into a teacher training college. He started out as a teacher along with his future wife at the Sümeg grammar school. Along with Tibor Derdák, Anna Orsós and István Vörös, they set up the first Roma high school, the Gandhi Grammar School, of which he became and remained headmaster until his death in a car crash in 1999.
MENYHÉRT LAKATOS (1926–2007) WRITER AND POET
After graduating from the Nagykőrös People’s College in 1954, he found a job as an operating engineer at Szarvas and then in his native town. He had his first writing published in 1970. He worked as a freelance writer from 1973 on. He devoted innumerable books to the life of his fellow Gypsies. His first novel, Smoky Profiles, sold hundred thousand copies in Hungary alone. He became chairman of the Cultural Alliance of Hungary’s Gypsies in 1988 and ran for a seat in Parliament on behalf of the Independent Smallholders Party in 1994.
TIVADAR FÁTYOL (1953–2014) COMPOSER, CULTURAL MANAGER
He descended from a family of musicians for several generations. He started his career, in 1967, with the world-famous Rajkó Orchestra. He became known as a composer in the mid-1970s. In 1984 he was commissioned by Magyar Televízió to co-author with Menyhért Lakatos, a musical ballad entitled Curse and Love, which was then staged in several countries and won prizes in several festivals. He also co-authored, in 1989/90, the script of a six-hour documentary film entitled Europe’s Gypsies to which he also cooperated as musical editor and expert adviser. In 1995/96, he was one of the main organisers of the first Gypsy Cultural World Festival. He was the leading figure of and a contributor to the Roma magazine of Magyar Televízió and Radio C. | <urn:uuid:9c348f53-105a-40da-9dab-0f729cc25562> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.terrorhaza.hu/en/idoszaki-kiallitasok/together-and-free-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499871.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131122916-20230131152916-00852.warc.gz | en | 0.981557 | 1,982 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Communized meanings in Urdu
Communized meanings in Urdu is بات چیت کی Communized in Urdu. More meanings of communized, it's definitions, example sentences, related words, idioms and quotations.
More words from Urdu related to Communized
View an extensive list of words below that are related to the meanings of the word Communized meanings in Urdu in Urdu.
What are the meanings of Communized in Urdu?
Meanings of the word Communized in Urdu is بات چیت کی. To understand how would you translate the word Communized in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Communized or it’s Urdu translations. Some of these words can also be considered Communized synonyms. In case you want even more details, you can also consider checking out all of the definitions of the word Communized. If there is a match we also include idioms & quotations that either use this word or its translations in them or use any of the related words in English or Urdu translations. These idioms or quotations can also be taken as a literary example of how to use Communized in a sentence. If you have trouble reading in Urdu we have also provided these meanings in Roman Urdu.
We have tried our level best to provide you as much detail on how to say Communized in Urdu as possible so you could understand its correct English to Urdu translation. We encourage everyone to contribute in adding more meanings to MeaningIn Dictionary by adding English to Urdu translations, Urdu to Roman Urdu transliterations and Urdu to English Translations. This will improve our English to Urdu Dictionary, Urdu to English dictionary, English to Urdu Idioms translation and Urdu to English Idioms translations. Although we have added all of the meanings of Communized with utmost care but there could be human errors in the translation. So if you encounter any problem in our translation service please feel free to correct it at the spot. All you have to do is to click here and submit your correction.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What do you mean by communized?
Meaning of communized is بات چیت کی
Whats the definition of communized?
Definition of the communized are
What is the synonym of communized?
Synonym of word communized are communed, communicated, communised, interacted | <urn:uuid:b11b228f-c3cc-4a5f-8612-f74bc0742c9d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://meaningin.com/english-to-urdu/communized-meaning-in-urdu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500042.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203024018-20230203054018-00132.warc.gz | en | 0.943205 | 531 | 2.703125 | 3 |
As many as 40 percent of young children struggle to sleep in some way—a lack of good sleep can cause more than grumpiness. A new study from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) finds a connection between sleep disorders and psychiatric issues in children. The findings demonstrate that children with sleep disorders are more likely to develop psychiatric symptoms later on, and vice versa. Treatment for sleep disorders in young children may limit the development of psychiatric disorders later on.
The researchers interviewed the parents of nearly 1,000 toddlers. The toddlers were part of a longitudinal study tracking the incidence, progression, and risk factors of mental health problems in children. The parents answered questions about their children’s sleep habits and psychiatric symptoms. The interview questions were based off of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, which allowed the researchers to avoid vague questions like “Does your child have trouble sleeping?” Two years later, the researchers interviewed 800 of the parents again.
The correlation between sleep disorders and psychiatric symptoms is reciprocal, meaning that sleep disorders and psychiatric symptoms are both risk factors for each other. Four-year-olds with sleep disorders have an increased risk of developing psychiatric problems two years later compared to four-year-olds with typical sleep patterns. Four-year-olds with psychiatric symptoms have an increased risk of developing a sleep disorder two years later compared to four-year-olds without psychiatric symptoms.
The study highlights the importance of identifying and treating sleep and psychiatric disorders in young children. “Our research shows that it is important to identify children with sleep disorders, so that remedial measures can be taken. Sleeping badly or too little affects a child’s day-to-day functioning, but we are seeing that there are also long term repercussions,” said Silje Steinsbekk, study author and associate professor and psychologist at NTNU.
This research is published in the Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics.
Previous news in sleep: | <urn:uuid:b16c18b8-670f-4bf5-bae5-fb57d378d065> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://integratedlistening.com/blog/sleep-and-psychiatric-issues-linked-for-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500095.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204075436-20230204105436-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.959927 | 399 | 3.1875 | 3 |
We may think that creating a Search Box in Excel without VBA is impossible. But it’s not true. In this article, we will learn how to create a Search Box in Excel without VBA. This article will guide you with some easy ways to do so. Let’s see them below.
Download Practice Workbook
Download the practice workbook from here.
Introduction to Search Box in Excel
In Microsoft Excel, the Search Box is a crucial tool for finding specific data when we work with a large amount of data. Using the Search Box, we can find any particular data in single or multiple worksheets and also highlight them.
2 Easy Ways to Create a Search Box in Excel Without VBA
Suppose, we have a dataset (B4:F15) in Excel that contains the Dates, Fruit names, Zones, Amount and Sales of some orders. Now, if you want to search for the information of any specific fruit then you can create a Search Box and highlight the row of the specific fruit. In the cell C17 we will input that we need to find. In this article, we will demonstrate 2 methods with some excellent examples and explanations to do so. So, without further delay, let’s get started.
1. Apply Excel Conditional Formatting to Create a Search Box Without VBA
In this method, we will apply Conditional Formatting in Excel to create a Search Box. We can find the Conditional Formatting option in the Home tab of any Excel worksheet.
1.1 Search Box for Single Excel Worksheet
In this method, we will discuss the method to create a Search Box in Excel within a single worksheet. Here, we will use the Excel Conditional Formatting feature to create the Search Box in cell C17 of the dataset (B5:F15) below. Let’s see the steps below for inserting the Search Box.
- First of all, go to cell C17 or the cell that will contain the Search Box.
- Secondly, go to the Home tab.
- Thirdly, click on the Conditional Formatting dropdown menu.
- Next, select New Rule from the dropdown.
- In turn, the New Formatting Rule window will appear.
- Subsequently, click on Use a formula to determine which cells to format from the Select a Rule Type section.
- Then, go to the Format values where this formula is true box.
- After that, to insert the Search Box type the formula in the box:
- Now, click on Format to format the searched cell or row to highlight.
In this formula, $C$17 denotes the location of the SEARCH Box and the $ sign is used for locking the cell. However, the B5, C5, D5, E5 and F5 refer to the columns from where the Search Box will search for the data (text or number).
- Therefore, the Format Cells dialog box will appear.
- In our case, we wanted to highlight the entire row of the searched data from the dataset.
- In this case, go to the Fill tab > Background Color > select any Color from the list > OK.
- Afterward, you will see the New Formatting Rule window again.
- Go to the Preview section and see if it shows the same formatting as you selected.
- Click OK.
- At this time, you will see the whole dataset B5:F15 (that you entered in the SEARCH function) with the formatting.
- Thereupon, type Apple in cell C17.
- In this way, only the rows (5, 9, 11, 13, 15) that contain Apple will remain highlighted with Red color.
- See the screenshot below.
1.2 Search Box for Multiple Excel Worksheets
We can also create a Search Box for multiple excel worksheets. The process for doing it is almost the same as the single worksheet but this time the SEARCH function will be different and we need to apply the Conditional Formatting for each worksheet. Assuming, we have an Excel workbook that contains two worksheets named MSheets1 & MSheets2. Here, we need to create a SEARCH BOX using Conditional Formatting which will be applied to both of these worksheets. The steps to do so are below.
- In the first place, go to the Home tab.
- Now, click on Conditional Formatting > New Rule.
- Hence, the New Formatting Rule window will pop up.
- After that, go to the Select a Rule Type > Use a formula to determine which cells to format.
- Then, to create the Search Box, keep the cursor in the Format values where this is true box and type the formula:
- Later, click on Format.
In the formula, MSheets1! refers to the MSheets1 worksheet where we will assign the Search Box and look for the data.
- As a consequence, the Format Cells dialog box will open.
- Accordingly, go to the Fill tab.
- Go to the Background Color section and select any color as you wish.
- Finally, click on the OK button.
- At this time, check the Preview section if the formatting is okay or not.
- If everything is okay then click the OK button.
- Next, you will see the whole dataset (B5:F15) of the MSheets1 worksheet with the formatting.
- Now, apply the same Conditional Formatting and the same SEARCH function to the MSheets2 worksheet.
- Again, the MSheets2 will show the same formatting in the whole dataset (B5:F15).
- Subsequently, go to MSheets1 > cell C17 > type Apple.
- Thus, all the rows containing Apple will remain highlighted with Yellow color in the MSheets1 worksheet.
- If you go to the MSheets2 worksheet then you will see the same formatting here also.
- In this way, we can create a Search Box in Excel using Conditional Formatting
2. Create Dynamic Filter Search Box Without VBA Using Excel Functions
In this method, we will learn how to create a Dynamic Filter Search Box in Excel that will filter the data depending on what you enter in the Search Box. Here, we will use the Data tab, Formulas tab, Developer tab and some Excel functions to create this kind of dynamic Search Box. The steps are below.
First of all, we will create a unique list of the Fruit column from where we want to search our desired data. We will use this to create a dropdown.
- To begin, select the range (C4:C15) from where you want to search the desired data.
- Subsequently, right-click on the selection and click on Copy.
- Now, paste it into a new worksheet.
- After that, select the range B5:B15 > go to the Data tab.
- Next, Data Tools group > Remove Duplicates.
- In turn, the Remove Duplicates window will pop up.
- Therefore, go to Columns.
- Afterward, put a tick mark on the desired column for which you want to create the unique list.
- Click OK.
- Consequently, a message box will appear showing the number of duplicates removed and the number of remaining unique values.
- Click OK.
- Hence, you will see the unique values only in the Fruit column.
- At this time, select the range (B5:B9) > Formulas tab > Defined Names group > Define Name.
- As a result, the New Name window will appear.
- Thereupon, go to Name > type FruitList > OK.
After creating the unique list, you need to return to the previous or main worksheet and create the dynamic filter Search Box. In order to apply this technique, at first, we need to create a Search Box and then link the Search Box to a cell.
- To do so, go to the Developer tab > Controls group > Insert dropdown > ActiveX Controls > Combo Box.
- if you click at any place in the worksheet then the Combo Box will be inserted.
- Eventually, select Properties with a right-click on the Combo Box.
- Properties window > LinkedCell > C17 > ListFillRange > FruitList > MatchEntry dropdown > 2 – fmMatchEntryNone.
- Keeping selection on the Combo Box, go to the Developer tab again > Controls group > click on Design Mode.
- By doing so, you can exit the Design Mode and are free to enter any text in the Combo Box.
- From this point, anything you type would instantly appear in cell C17.
Lastly, it’s time for setting the data. We will connect everything using helper columns. For example, we have used two helper columns H1 & H2. For this, we will use the IF function, the ISNUMBER function, the SEARCH function & the SUM function in Excel respectively.
- In the beginning, go to the H1 column and put the serial number (1 to 11) for each record in the dataset.
- Secondly, select cell H5 of the H2 column.
- Thirdly, type the following formula in the cell (H5) to search for the desired data:
- After you typed the formula, press the Enter key.
- Drag the fill handle to copy the formula up to cell H15.
This formula will look for the data in the Search Box (connected to cell C17) in the cell that contains the name of the fruit. If a match is found, this formula shows the row number of the dataset; else, it displays a blank.
- For example, if you type Apple in the Search Box then it shows the row numbers 1, 5, 7, 9 & 11 containing Apple.
- Thus, we can create a dynamic filtering Search Box in Excel.
How to Find Number of Search Matches Using Array Formula in Excel
Here, we will demonstrate the process to get the number of matches for any specific data in Excel using an Array formula. Let’s say, in the dataset below we want the number of matches in the C17 column. The steps to find it are below.
- Firstly, go to cell C17.
- Now, to get the number of matches type the following formula in cell C17:
- Finally, you must press Ctrl + Shift + Enter to close this Array formula.
In the formula, the Apple is the desired data which we will look for in the C5:C15 range.
- Consequently, we can see the number of matches for Apple is 5 in cell C17.
Things to Keep in Mind
For creating a Search Box in Excel properly, we must maintain the points below:
- In the Conditional Formatting window, double-check that you entered the formula correctly.
- To verify that there is not any deviation, use the $ symbol just like in the formulas above.
- More columns are added to the formula by using the & sign. So, do not finish the formula with the & sign.
I hope this article will be helpful for you to create a Search Box in Excel without VBA. Here, we discussed creating a Search Box for multiple sheets also. Download the practice workbook and give it a try. Let us know your feedback in the comment section. Follow our website ExcelDemy to get more articles like this. | <urn:uuid:a9a13a8e-b81b-4184-9bb3-87194693d4c9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.exceldemy.com/create-a-search-box-in-excel-without-vba/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500095.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204075436-20230204105436-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.77675 | 2,559 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Synthetic cannabinoid use and related emergency department (ED) visits are skyrocketing in the United States. Here are answers to questions that every emergency physician should know about this recent epidemic.
1. What are synthetic cannabinoids, and how are they different from marijuana?
Back in the 1980s, John W. Huffman, a chemistry professor Clemson University, worked on compounds that targeted endocannabinoid receptors to develop new therapies for multiple sclerosis and HIV/AIDS, and reduce adverse effects of chemotherapy. Over a 20-year period, Huffman and his team synthesized more than 450 synthetic cannabinoid compounds, many bearing his initials “JWH.” In the early 2000s, synthetic cannabinoids based on JWH compounds were marketed as marijuana alternatives in Germany.
These compounds are mechanistically similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana, and bind to the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), but display different pharmacologic properties. THC is a partial agonist, while many synthetic cannabinoids are full agonists, with an affinity more than 100 times greater than THC . Attempts to use them clinically have been unsuccessful, due to difficulty separating the desired properties from unwanted psychoactive effects. Illicit drug manufacturers seized on the mind-altering potential of these chemicals and began distributing synthetic cannabinoid compounds in the early 2000s. To date, most have not been clinically tested, but many JWH compounds possess psychoactive properties and are implicated in today’s epidemic. When asked about the recreational use of synthetics, Dr. Huffman said, “I figured once it got started in Germany it was going to spread. I’m concerned that it could hurt people. I think this was something that was more or less inevitable. It bothers me that people are so stupid as to use this stuff .”
By contrast, synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is available as dronabinol (Marinol) and nabilone (Cesamet) and is used primarily to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy and for AIDS-related cachexia. However, these compounds are Food and Drug Administration approved, have known safety and efficacy, and predictable potency and purity profiles. These formulations are unrelated to synthetic cannabinoids and the products that contain them.
Today, companies buy these synthetic cannabinoids in bulk, often from laboratories in China. They are then sprayed on inert dried plant material. The look of the final product leads to the misguided belief that these products are “synthetic marijuana.” Synthetic cannabinoids are sold under a variety of product names, including K2, Spice, Spice Gold, Spice Diamond, Yucatan Fire, Solar Flare, K2 Summit, Genie PEP, Spice Fire “n” Ice, Bliss, Black Mamba, Bombay Blue, Zombie World, Bad-to-the-Bone, Blaze, Dark Night, Earthquake, Berry Blend, The Moon, G-Force, K2 Blonde, K2 Standard, Blueberry Haze, Dank Demon, Passion Smoke, Hawaiian Hybrid, Magma, Ninja, Ono Budz, Panama Red Ball, Puff Sativah, Herbal Smoke, Skunk Ultra, Chronic Voodoo, Spice Aroma, and others. This list includes some more of the common products and brand names are ever-changing.
2. How fast is synthetic cannabinoid use increasing?
ED visits for synthetic cannabinoid visits more than doubled in the U.S. from 11,406 in 2010 to 28,531 visits in 2011 . Although marijuana continues to be the most frequently used substance by teens and adolescents, synthetic cannabinoids are second, with 10% of high school students reporting use in 2014 in one survey . In another survey published in 2015, drugs appeared more optimistic, suggesting the drugs use is in decline over the last three years in high school seniors . However, according to recent reports in TIME, the New York Times, The Washington Post, and NPR, use of synthetic cannabinoids have become an epidemic. For example, the New York Times reported earlier this year 2,300 ED visits over a two-month period in New York City alone .
3. Where do people obtain synthetic cannabinoids and how do they use them?
Synthetic cannabinoid-containing products are sold in gas stations, smoke shops, and other venues around the country. They are also widely available online, with little regulatory oversight, and some varieties are as inexpensive as $5 a gram, with free shipping. They are generally sold under the guise of herbal incense or other household products, and are labeled “not for human consumption.” This disclaimer has a dual purpose. It protects the marketer of compounds with abuse potential (which is a legal practice, as with gasoline) and it has come to be a signal that a product contains a psychoactive compound. Regardless, based on the packaging, the intended use of these products is quite obvious. Synthetic cannabinoids are typically smoked in a manner similar to marijuana, and the pure chemical obtained prior to spraying on plant material can also be used in electronic cigarettes such as vaporizers. Other users prefer to make “edibles” by adding synthetic cannabinoid or synthetic cannabinoid-containing products to cookies and cakes. In one study, the most commonly reported route of administration of use was a water pipe (‘bong’, 54%), while approximately one-quarter smoked synthetic cannabinoids in a ‘joint’ (27%) or ‘pipe’ (23%). Only a few respondents ate the products (4%) or inhaled them using a vaporizer, a device that vaporizes active ingredients from plant material for inhalation without combustion (2%) .
4. How do patients with synthetic cannabinoid intoxication present in the emergency department?
Two clinical syndromes are commonly seen in ED patients after using synthetic cannabinoids. Patients may appear highly agitated and have symptoms similar to phencyclidine (PCP) or methamphetamine use including hallucination, aggressive behavior, or paranoia. Alternatively, patients may appear sluggish and have symptoms similar to an opioid overdose including lethargy, confusion, respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, vomiting, seizure, elevated heart rate, or depressed level of consciousness.
In a case series of 22 patients presenting to the ED, hyperglycemia was seen in 59%, hypokalemia in 41%, acidosis in 32%, tachycardia in 59%, nausea/vomiting in 36%, confusion/disorientation in 32%, aggression in 32%, somnolence/unresponsiveness in 32%, and seizures in 14%. Complications included pneumonia, rhabdomyolysis, and myocardial infarction. Twenty-seven percent of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and 23% required assisted ventilation . In review of calls to US poison control centers from January to April 2015, among 2,961 calls for which a medical outcome was reported, 335 (11.3%) callers had a major adverse effect (signs or symptoms that are life-threatening or result in substantial residual disability or disfigurement) and 1,407 (47.5%) had a moderate effect .
Because of their structural distinction from THC, synthetic cannabinoids are not detected on any standard immunoassay-based urine drug screen. For this reason, they often appeal to people whose jobs require drug testing, such as government employees, athletes, parolees, students, and members of the armed forces. However, they are easy to identify with more advanced analytical testing done at a reference lab. The clinical need for this testing is limited, and given the long turn-around times such testing is usually only done for epidemiologic or forensic purposes.
Treatment is generally supportive. There is no specific antidote or antagonist for the cannabinoid receptor. Benzodiazepines have been used successfully to treat sympathomimetic effects, such as agitation and aggressiveness, as well as prolonged or recurrent seizures. For patients who present primarily with hallucinations or other psychiatric effects, haloperidol or atypical antipsychotics, though unstudied, seem reasonable. Antipsychotics are not optimal as the sole therapy for patients with stimulant toxidromes. However, although some patients can be severely ill on presentation, the effects of synthetic cannabinoids are usually short-lived and most patients do well if they can be supported through the first several hours. Therefore it is best to try to temporize with short-acting drugs if safe and practical.
The full scope of health effects with synthetic cannabinoids is still incompletely understood; however, stroke, myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, pulmonary disease as well as severe neurologic and psychiatric morbidities have been described.7 Although uncommon, deaths from exposure to synthetic cannabinoids have occurred. A major safety concern is that the content of any particular brand of synthetic cannabinoid can vary between or even within packages, meaning that the “dose” and clinical effects are not predictable. Even if some synthetic cannabinoids themselves are safe in small doses, this unpredictability carries significant risks for overdose or drug interaction.
5. Why is it legal to sell synthetic cannabinoids?
Despite legislative attempts to stem the tide of synthetic products flooding the market, synthetic cannabinoids remain widely available. These drugs pose a unique challenge to legislators given the open nature in which the drugs are being sold and the speed with which novel compounds are being developed. Initially, laws targeted individual versions of these drugs with individual bans. However, as hundreds of designer compounds, falling into several major families, were reformulated in an effort to stay ahead of drug enforcement agencies, these efforts became futile. Newer laws are more general in nature, targeting entire classes of substances and using broad language to describe the prohibited drugs.
In the United States, prior to 2010, synthetic cannabinoids were not controlled by any state or at the federal level. As of today, all 50 states have banned synthetic cannabinoids as well as synthetic cathinones (e.g., bath salts), with most doing so by legislative action. Congress has also taken steps to ban these substances at the federal level with broad support from the current administration. In 2011, the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) exercised its emergency scheduling authority to control five of the most common types of the drugs (JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-200, CP-47,497, and cannabicyclohexanol). The following year, President Obama signed into law The Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act as part of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012. This law permanently placed 26 types of synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) as well as expands the power of the DEA to administratively schedule substances under its emergency scheduling authority. More recently, a few states also have passed laws restricting marketing, display, labeling, and advertising of these substances by utilizing consumer protection laws or classifying these activities as deceptive trade practices.
Efforts to curtail use have been in place since 2008, when products containing JWH-018 were listed as a controlled substance by the Austrian Ministry of Health. In addition, an increasing number of countries are passing laws to make synthetic cannabinoids illegal, including France, Germany, United Kingdom, and Russia. Synthetic cannabinoids remain unregulated in Slovakia, Spain, as well as many South American countries, and Mexico. The situation in Canada remains unclear as no specific forms of the drugs have been prohibited, but they are listed as schedule II drugs.
6. What can be done?
Legislative action and law enforcement efforts are ongoing worldwide and in the U.S. at both the state and federal levels. In some areas, such as Washington, DC, local health departments are obtaining blood and urine tests for suspected synthetic cannabinoid exposures for epidemiologic purposes. As this epidemic grows, the number of poison control calls, ED presentations, and hospital admissions will likely continue to increase. Emergency physicians should be familiar with common presentations and side effects of synthetic cannabinoid exposure. Early recognition and aggressive supportive care, especially during the first several hours can dramatically improve outcomes and save lives. In addition, an ED visit presents an opportunity to educate your patients about the harmful effects of synthetic cannabinoids, and why they should never ever take them again.
- C&EN Talks With John W. Huffman. Chemical & Engineering News. Available at: http://cen.acs.org/articles/88/i26/John-W-Huffman.html?type=paidArticleContent, Accessed Oct. 19, 2015
- Update: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits Involving Synthetic Cannabinoids – SR-1378.pdf [Internet]. [cited 2015 Oct19]. Available from: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/SR-1378/SR-1378.pdf
- Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Lefever TW, Antonazzo KR, Wallgren MT, Cortes RA, et al. AB-CHMINACA, AB-PINACA, and FUBIMINA: Affinity and Potency of Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids in Producing Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Like Effects in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Sep;354(3):328–39.
- Monitoring the Future. Available at: http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/monitoring-future/monitoring-future-survey-overview-findings-2014, Accessed Oct. 19, 2015
- New York Times. April 25, 2015 Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/25/health/surge-in-hospital-visits-linked-to-a-drug-called-spice-alarms-health-officials.html?_r=0, Accessed Oct.19, 2015
- Barratt MJ, Cakic V, Lenton S. Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2013 Mar;32(2):141–6.
- Notes from the field: Severe illness associated with synthetic cannabinoid use – Brunswick, Georgia, 2013. MMWR – Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Nov;62(46).
- Increase in Reported Adverse Health Effects Related to Synthetic Cannabinoid Use — United States, January–May 2015. Available at: http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/2096641/mm6422-ebook.pdf | <urn:uuid:67aaeb79-aa35-44ff-a1aa-b7b7b8bdc33a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://epmonthly.com/article/6-things-every-ep-needs-to-know-about-k2spice-the-synthetic-cannabinoid-epidemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00292.warc.gz | en | 0.942855 | 3,034 | 2.703125 | 3 |
What is FRACAS?
FRACAS is an acronym for Failure Reporting, Analysis, and Corrective Action System. The term is used to denote a proven process for well-controlled handling of issues that arise in any aspect of business operations. CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action) processes are used to track and manage issues of concern. A FRACAS is a type of CAPA management system. FRACAS and CAPA processes are employed for management of a wide range of issues such as customer reported incidents, product failures, audit findings, test concerns, manufacturing defects, and many more. These processes are typically part of an organization’s QMS (Quality Management System) and are often tied to compliance requirements. Corrective action management systems provide a well-proven path to support reliability and quality continuous improvement efforts.
In this article, we will look at a few of the most commonly used FRACAS methodologies and provide an overview of each technique’s issue management steps. To learn more details about FRACAS and its benefits, review our in-depth blog post.
Is There a FRACAS Standard?
There is not a single FRACAS standard that is applied across the board. There are many standards that are industry-specific, as well as general guidelines that provide a high-level overview of the implementation of a FRACAS process. The choice of a standard may be made due to industry requirements, compliance needs, corporate objectives, historical reasons, or simply preference. Additionally, how the FRACAS process fits within your organization’s existing quality processes should be factored in when deciding on a FRACAS methodology. The FRACAS issue management process can function as a standalone system but is commonly an integral part of your organization’s quality management system (QMS). Choosing a FRACAS methodology that fits well within your organization’s processes is key to successful issue management.
Many regulated industries and ISO certified organizations must have a corrective action process in place to meet compliance requirements. Standards such as ISO-9001, IATF 16949 (formerly ISO/TS 16949), AS 9100, and policies that are part of FDA, GMP, and QMS requirements include the need for defined and established FRACAS/CAPA processes.
ISO standards do not impose a methodology that must be followed, but instead allow you to define and implement a system that meets your needs. However, ISO compliancy does require that your process is controlled and followed to your specifications.
MIL-STD-2155 FRACAS Standard
The MIL-STD-2155, entitled Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS), establishes the criteria needed to comply with the FRACAS requirement portion of MIL-STD-785. MIL-STD-785, entitled Reliability Program for Systems and Equipment Development and Production, is a broad standard that offers general guidelines as well as specifics for reliability programs that span the product lifecycle. While these standards are military in origin, they are still used across many industries and offer sound guidelines for the FRACAS process.
Accepted FRACAS Process Methodologies
To comply with the needs of ISO, MIL-STD-2155, and other corrective action industry requirements, oftentimes businesses turn to well-defined and well-known process methodologies when implementing FRACAS. There are three commonly adopted techniques that are used across a broad range of industries: 8D, PDCA, and DMAIC.
It is important to note that is it very common for organizations to start with one of these known techniques and modify it to align with their unique needs. By adopting one of these methodologies or a process based on one of these methodologies, you are assured that your FRACAS will meet compliance requirements.
8D: 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving
8D was originally described in publication by the Ford Motor Company in 1987. It was devised as a methodology to ascertain the root cause of a problem, determine an immediate fix, and then define and implement a long-term solution to prevent the issue from reoccurring. For products having issues with defects, the 8D process provides a clear approach for issue management to improve quality and reliability.
8D is often used by quality professionals and is a widely accepted practice in the automotive sector. Because of its sound principles, its use extends to a wide range of industries including aerospace, medical, healthcare, and manufacturing. 8D has become one of the most well-known and established processes for problem solving.
The steps of the 8D process are:
D0: Prepare and Plan
The D0 step is not always considered as part of the main 8D process but is noted as a good starting point. Step D0, Prepare and Plan, entails gathering team feedback before initiating the core 8D process. Ask questions about needs and requirements, gather knowledge from team members who may have 8D experience, and understand goals and objectives. The D0 step can help determine if the 8D process is the best approach to solve the problem.
D1: Form a Team
In Step D1, you identify and form the team that will participate in the 8D process. A cross-functional team is paramount and will ensure successful problem resolution. The make-up of your team depends on your organization and is not a one-size-fits-all approach. You may want design engineers, QA personnel, management, reliability engineers, manufacturing engineering, and subject matter experts (SMEs) as part of your team. The most important consideration is to ensure you are involving all key stakeholders in the process. Additionally, it is vital to have a team leader who has ultimate responsibility for the process.
D2: Describe the Problem
Step D2 involves defining the problem that is the focus of the 8D process. Describing the issue in detail for proper resolution is critical. Data should be collected and recorded to provide insight into failure analysis. If causes have been eliminated, this information is equally critical to include in the problem description to help the team effectively use their time during root cause analysis.
D3: Repair the Problem
Step D3 is the application of the short-term repair or fix. Referred to sometimes as the Interim Containment Action (ICA), step D3 lists actions taken to temporarily correct the problem until a Permanent Corrective Action (PCA) is implemented.
D4: Determine the Root Cause
Before a recommended action plan for corrective action can be defined, the true root cause of the problem must be determined in Step D4. Determining the root cause may be a multi-step process itself depending on the complexity of the issue. Also, you may need to verify your root cause findings with additional data collection and analysis processes.
D5: Define Corrective Action
At this point, based on root cause determination from D4, a corrective action plan can be defined in Step D5. In some cases, there may be more than one corrective action solution proposed. In these situations, it may be necessary to weigh the risks and benefits of each potential action based on aspects such as cost, time constraints, and safety risk. It is important to have a detailed recommended action plan including acceptance criteria to establish success.
D6: Implement Corrective Action
Step D6 involves implementing the accepted corrective action plan. A detailed plan is key. You must be sure to communicate to team members what the plan entails, make sure all team members are involved, and assign responsibilities as needed to ensure all tasks are completed. It is also important to include verification in your plan to validate that the plan was properly implemented and fixed the problem.
D7: Prevent Recurrence
An important element of the 8D process is the lessons learned aspect. This is the focus of Step D7. By retaining the knowledge gained and learning from its lessons, you can improve current and future products and processes. Preventing future issues means reviewing current procedures for improvement, developing new work instructions, or updating control plans. By building on the knowledge gained through the 8D process, your overall drive for continual product improvement is ensured.
D8: Recognize the Team
The final step enables you to review the entire process and celebrate the success of a problem solved. Bringing the team together also allows everyone to see the value of the 8D process and to learn how to improve the process moving forward.
PDCA: Plan, Do, Check, Act
PDCA is a four-step process also referred to as the Deming cycle or Deming circle, or the Shewhart cycle. In the 1920’s, a renowned statistician Dr. Walter Shewhart developed a 3-step process for problem solving. Then in the 1950’s, Dr. W. Edwards Deming further developed the 3-step process, added an additional step to create the PDCA cycle, and solidified the 4-step process widely in use today. The efforts were originally developed to improve and maximize production processes during World War II.
The steps of the PDCA cycle are:
Step 1: Plan
Create a plan to resolve the problem. Make sure the plan is detailed and includes an implementation strategy and success criteria.
Step 2: Do
Implement the plan as delineated. This includes building the team and communicating the plan, performing the steps of the plan, and then finishing by documenting the plan as enacted. This step also includes testing to verify the corrective action plan has achieved the necessary problem resolution.
Step 3: Check
Once implemented, check the plan periodically to verify its success. Using the criteria defined for success, check to make sure the action taken is sufficient. If further or new failures are identified, then make any necessary modifications to the plan.
Step 4: Act
The final step of PDCA is very similar to Step D7 of the 8D process: apply lessons learned for current and future project benefit. The result will be overall product and process improvement and improved reliability and quality across the board.
DMAIC: Design, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
DMAIC was also developed by Dr. Deming in the 1950’s and its roots in the PDCA process are evident. The DMAIC methodology has been in consistent use in Six Sigma practices since its inception. The DMAIC five-step process improvement technique is a widely recognized approach for problem solving.
The steps of DMAIC are:
Step 1: Design
The first phase is to define the problem that needs to be fixed, the overall goals you expect to achieve, and the project plan. The Design step encompasses several important aspects, including determining the team members, describing the problem in a detailed manner, defining the business case for this task, and ensuring the goal of the process is understood. Also, as part of this step, a project schedule and overall scope of work should be prepared.
Step 2: Measure
The Measure step is the time for data collection and baseline measurements. You need to determine the current state of your process, its performance metrics, and critical areas that require improvement. At the end of the Measure phase, the team should have a clear understanding of the key performance metrics used to determine success, as well as the current baseline measurements.
Step 3: Analyze
The Analyze step is the same as Step D4: Determine Root Cause of the 8D process. As previously stated, root cause analysis (RCA) may be a multi-step process to zone in on the true underlying problem cause. Without a solid root cause analysis, you can waste time and money implementing solutions that do not fix the problem. It is vital to understand the root cause of an issue by testing and verifying to ensure the correct cause is uncovered.
Step 4: Improve
Now that the problem is understood, create a plan for resolution in the Improve step. The plan is implemented, and verification steps are completed to make sure the process improvement goals have been achieved. By taking time to perform the previous tasks with care – establishing performance metrics goals and assessing root cause – the Improve step has a solid foundation to ensure and verify successful problem resolution.
Step 5: Control
As with each of the process management methodologies, a key element is the retention of lesson learned and their application to current and future products and processes. In the Control step of DMAIC process, the team takes the opportunity to develop a plan to monitor the process to ensure the problem remains resolved. Additionally, it is also critical to update procedures and practices based on knowledge gained during this project.
Relyence FRACAS offers a fully compliant off-the-shelf software solution for your FRACAS and CAPA requirements. It supports the 8D, DMAIC, and PDCA process methodologies, as well as any custom-tailored methodology desired. It supports your requirements for ISO standards such as ISO-9001, IATF 16949 (formerly ISO/TS 16949), AS 9100, and can help meet requirements that are part of FDA, GMP, and QMS goals. Relyence FRACAS also supports the components of MIL-STD-2155.
It should be noted that while many organizations utilize the well-accepted process methodologies, many tailor these processes for their needs or develop their own process that cater to their unique situation. Relyence FRACAS is a flexible, adaptable, and easily customizable solution that supports these needs.
Additionally, Relyence FRACAS provides a host of powerful features to expand and enhance your corrective action process, resulting in a robust and effective platform for all your FRACAS or CAPA needs. | <urn:uuid:60a37f39-819d-40d9-9ba0-2f62dd01dff3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://relyence.com/2023/01/16/an-overview-of-fracas-methodologies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.939626 | 2,824 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Thus, the hair at the top of the scalp tends to thin over time due to different factors, and that is what causes it to fall and, possibly, cease growing entirely.
People can intuitively tell that the hair on the back of the head is a little different from the rest. This is why it may come as a surprise to them that hair loss at the back of the head is also possible.
While the hair is thinning-resistant when facing normal thinning due to age or baldness, certain conditions do affect it.
There are a few conditions that cause hair loss at the back of the head, and alopecia areata is chief among them.
Hair Loss at the Back of the Head: Alopecia Areata
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder. And an autoimmune disorder is a disease in which your body’s own immune system attacks its own healthy cells.
Normally, the autoimmune system is in charge of protecting your body by attacking foreign elements like viruses and bacteria. An autoimmune disorder is when this reverses completely.
The autoimmune system instead targets the healthy cells, which it mistakenly believes to be harmful. The exact reason why this happens is currently unknown as well as to what triggers its, and some theorize that genetics play a part.
During alopecia areata, the immune system targets the hair follicles on your scalp and elsewhere. As a result of the attack, the hair follicle begins to shrink, and the hair thins with it, eventually breaking and falling.
Hair from the back of the head is not exempt from this. It’s follicles being susceptible to it as well. The hair loss from alopecia areata leaves small, quarter coin-sized little circles on the scalp. Those often occur close to each other and end up making bigger spots.
Hair loss from alopecia areata is reversible as long as the underlying condition is under control. The hair will regrow on its own. The treatments with corticosteroid injections directly into the scalp usually help with that.
Hair Loss at the Back of the Head: Other Causes
Some few other conditions can cause hair at the back of the head to fall.
- Trichotillomania: Is a psychological disorder. In it, the patients compulsively pull their hair as a stress or anxiety management mechanism. The hair can grow back, however, repeated pulling over a long period of time will permanently damage the hair follicle, ceasing its growth. If you can pull hair at the back of your head this way, it will eventually pluck and fall.
- Infections: Infections such as ringworm commonly lead to hair loss at the back of the head in addition to the top of it. Oral medications can treat them.
- Hairstyles: which put stress on the hair follicle by pulling them constantly will damage it permanently. Hair loss at the back of the head will happen in the off-chance your hairstyle pulls the hair from that area.
- Folliculitis: Is an inflammation of individual hair follicles. It often makes them look like little acne spots. It will eventually lead to hair loss from those particular follicles. Commonly happens to hair at the back of the head and is reversible.
Hair at the back of the head is thinning resistant, hair at the top of your scalp is not. When the latter falls, you can get a hair transplant procedure to repopulate the area but only if the former is still thick enough. Contact our hair surgeons for evaluation in the state of the hair loss at the back of the head. | <urn:uuid:7e87dc53-ce05-46ca-af31-5cc405c3a621> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.este-grande.com/hair-loss-at-the-back-of-the-head-alopecia-areata-and-other-causes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.960643 | 758 | 2.640625 | 3 |
All women should have regular health screenings to help detect any potential health problems. Some of the most common screenings include mammograms, Pap smears, and pelvic exams. Women should talk to their doctors to determine which screenings are best for them. These screenings are essential for all women as they can help catch any possible health issues early on and allow for early treatment. So if you’re a woman, make sure to schedule regular health screenings and talk to your doctor about which ones are right for you.
Ten health screenings all women should have:
Mammograms are X-rays of the breast that can help detect breast cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends that women age 45 and older have a mammogram every year. Women who are at high risk for breast cancer may need to have more frequent mammograms. Mammogram screenings can help catch any potential issues early when they are most treatable. It’s essential for all women to talk to their doctor about whether they should have a mammogram.
2. Pap Smears
Pap smears are screenings that check for changes in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus. Pap smears can help detect cervical cancer or precancerous changes in the cervix cells. Pap smear screenings can also be combined with HPV testing, which involves testing for high-risk types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer.
3. Pelvic Exams
A pelvic exam is a physical examination of a woman’s reproductive organs. This can help to detect any problems with the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or uterus. A Pap smear, which is a test for cervical cancer, can also be done during a pelvic exam. Pelvic exams are typically recommended for women over the age of 21. Pap smears are usually recommended every three years for women of average risk, but women at high risk may need to have them more often.
4. Bone Density Test
A bone density test is a type of X-ray that measures the mineral content of bones. It is used to detect osteoporosis, which is a condition that causes bones to become weak and break easily. Bone density tests are recommended for women over the age of 65.
5. Breast exams
Breast exams are physical examinations of the breasts to check for lumps or other changes. A doctor or nurse typically does them. Breast self-exams, in which women check their breasts for any changes, are also recommended.
6. 3D Sonograms
3D sonogram scans are ultrasounds that create 3D images of the fetus and placenta while a woman is pregnant. It can help doctors detect potential health problems with the fetus or monitor growth. Sonograms are typically recommended for women who have high-risk pregnancies.
7. Blood Pressure Test
A blood pressure test is a simple test that measures the force of blood against the walls of arteries. High blood pressure can lead to many health problems, including heart disease and stroke. Blood pressure that is consistently above 140/90 mmHg is considered high. Remember to talk to your doctor about getting regular blood pressure tests, as high blood pressure often has no symptoms.
8. 3D Ultrasounds
3D ultrasounds are particular types of imaging that allow doctors to see 3D images of internal organs and structures. 3D ultrasounds can be used to help diagnose many health problems, including abnormalities in the uterus or ovaries, or to monitor the growth of a fetus during pregnancy.
9. Cholesterol Test
A cholesterol test measures the levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol in the blood. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because it can build up in the arteries and lead to heart disease. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as “good” cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the streets.
10. Diabetes Test
A diabetes test measures the level of sugar in the blood. High sugar levels in the blood can lead to diabetes, a condition that can cause many health problems, including heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Talk to your doctor to determine what screenings are proper for you. Also, remember to get regular screenings for any health problems that run in your family. Early detection is key to living a long and healthy life!
All women should be aware of the different health screenings available and talk to their doctor to determine which ones are right for them. These screenings can help detect any potential health problems and allow for early treatment. Whether you are in your 20s or your 60s, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and stay on top of your health screenings. | <urn:uuid:f1b7f6f3-3293-4af9-a598-eaa422592006> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.tempostand.com/10-women-health-screenings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.953844 | 971 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A celestial traffic jam may be on tap tonight as two meteor showers combine forces to put on a brilliant sky show.
One of the best shooting star events of the year is the annual August Perseid meteor shower. (See Perseids pictures.) However this year's Perseids peak, on August 12, happens to coincide with a bright full moon—drastically cutting down the number of meteors visible to the naked eye.
Yet while the main event might be blocked out by the blinding moonlight, the opening act promises to be much better.
This year the lesser known Delta Aquarid meteor shower is expected to peak on Friday night, when the Delta Aquarids' more productive Perseid cousin is just starting to ramp up.
Together the showers will produce anywhere between 15 and 30 shooting stars per hour under clear, dark skies.
"While the moon is set to be an unpleasant guest for the Perseid peak, skywatchers are not out of luck as the Delta Aquarids could be one of the best meteor showers of the year," said Raminder Singh Samra, astronomer at the H.R. MacMillan Space Centre in Vancouver, Canada.
"The new moon during the peak of the Delta Aquarids may actually allow for a much more spectacular display."
Meteors Visible With Naked Eye
Like most meteor showers, the Delta Aquarids and Perseids are both caused by Earth's atmosphere slamming into clouds of sand grain-size particles shed by orbiting comets. Each particle enters the atmosphere at speeds in excess of 93,200 miles (150,000 kilometers) an hour, only to burn up in a fleeting streak of light.
On average, the Perseids begin falling at a rate of around five meteors per hour. They're visible for a couple of weeks before mid-August, when they peak at hourly rates of 60 to 120 meteors.
While the Delta Aquarids are considerably more modest, the simultaneous activity during the last days in July and early August will produce the best chance for meteor observers to see a lot of shooting stars during either shower.
Most people around the world can see the showers, best seen with the naked eye in a dark, rural area away from city lights. Since meteors will be streaking across the overhead skies, lie down on a blanket or recline in a lawn chair and allow your eyes to become adapted to the darkness, Samra suggested.
"Meteor shower activity always increases as the night progresses towards dawn. If you are a night owl, then staying up to catch a more spectacular show might be worth it."
Perseid Meteor Shower Peak May Still Offer Eye Candy
But all may not be lost with the Perseids—observing the sky show a few days before the August 12 peak may work too, noted astronomer Geza Gyuk of the Adler Plaentarium in Chicago.
"For example, on the night of the ninth, morning of the tenth, there will be a couple hours after the moon has set [about 2 a.m. local time] and before the morning twilight begins when it's close enough to the peak that one might expect 15 per hour."
Likewise, the 2011 Perseids peak may still be good for some astronomical eye candy.
"They are also known for the occasional nice fireball with a long-lasting 'smoke trail,'" Gyuk said. "If we get more of these than usual, then even moonlight won't spoil the fun." | <urn:uuid:6f855c90-9b6a-4d4f-8822-21f04cff4c9f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/110729-double-meteor-shower-space-science-perseids-delta-aquarids | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499468.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127231443-20230128021443-00732.warc.gz | en | 0.92875 | 716 | 2.6875 | 3 |
A metal pole anchored down with cables juts out of the sand next to a public walkway at First Landing State Park. Four small rods stick out horizontally from the sides.
Research scientists from Old Dominion University installed the contraption on the dunes of the campground beach last week.
It's a radar station that is part of a nationwide network of high-frequency systems that measure and map coastal currents.
The antenna had been located on Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Fort Story for years, but the military didn't renew its permit, citing a change in the mission, said Teresa Updyke, a researcher at ODU's Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography.
First Landing State Park, which also is near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, became the next best spot for it, Updyke said.
Data combined from it and two additional stations — one at Ocean View Community Beach in Norfolk and another at Sunset Beach Resort on the Eastern Shore — assist the Coast Guard in defining search areas for lost and drifting boats.
The data also can determine where a floating object or surface pollution will travel, and boaters can use the information as a navigational aid.
Updyke explained how it works:
- Tides and winds affect how water moves. The station detects the surface speed and direction of the flow with radar measurements that can extend more than 100 miles offshore.
- The antenna sends out a radio signal, which reflects off the waves, and transmits information back. Frequency changes allow oceanographers to calculate the water speed.
- Maps are created every hour and posted online at www.ccpo.odu.edu/currentmapping.
Updyke and her team are in the process of burying the cable and conduit to make the station less obtrusive, she said. They will put up a sign in the next few weeks explaining its purpose. The project is funded by the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
Stacy Parker, 757-222-5125, email@example.com | <urn:uuid:1f724356-94b4-4f99-bc73-8fd31e7bbbcc> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.pilotonline.com/news/environment/article_9c28ca04-20c0-11e9-a23e-17aa18c11981.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499819.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130133622-20230130163622-00012.warc.gz | en | 0.932054 | 430 | 3.171875 | 3 |
By: Swapnil Katiyar
With the 17th Lok Sabha elections round the corner, the contenders of the game are leaving no stone unturned. Contributing to another attempt of ‘bringing democratic structure’, the Union government recently proposed an upturning of the Indian Forest Act, 1927. With immediate effect, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has come up with the first draft of the amendments to the Indian Forest Act, 1927. The amendments have been laid down with the primary objective of abolishing the 1927 Act; as it was a reproduction of the colonial era and a sign of the oppression perpetrated by the British. Ironically, in the direction of curbing the colonial power, the Centre has ended up giving much more power to the forest officials than what is required.
The draft amendment demarcates various powers of the forest department and lays down policies for commercial use, infrastructure, et al. At the very foremost, it talks about the restoration of the veto power granted to the forest bureaucracy. This was annulled by the Forest Rights Act, 2006 but the 2019 Amendment states that in order to exercise effective management in the department, the power of veto is necessary. In addition to this, the law regarding forceful attendance of the witnesses, investigation, and seizure of property has also been enhanced.
The main objective of the amendment was to remove the draconian law of ‘arresting forest dwellers by the colonial masters’, but the draft did not only retain the law it also magnified it. Attributable to this, the forest officials can not only restrict tribal and forest dwellers from accessing forest lands and produce but can also punish the whole community for the act of an individual.
Into the bargain, the government has gone a step further and shifted the onus of proving innocence on the accused; the person is presumed to be guilty until they prove otherwise. This particular change is more detrimental than beneficial. The Law Commission of India in its 277th Report talked about how wrongful incarceration, conviction, and prosecution are defeating principles of justice. In order to curb this, the notion of ‘innocent until proven guilty’ should be adhered to. Yet, the current amendment goes on to give colossal discretion to the forest bureaucracy in the name of curbing colonial power.
The rationale given by the Centre for providing the forest officials with paramount power is that they are the sole face of administration in the forest areas. Since they work in a challenging atmosphere and have to deal with not only the quality of the forest cover but also the quantity of the tribal and forest dwellers, it is imperative for them to exercise certain discretion and control. Prima facie, the reasons might seem to be valid, but the discretion amounted for such reason is disproportionate and thus, the rationale ends up being in a questionable arena. The unjust amplification of power will only lead to bureaucratic overreach and alienation of tribal and forest dwellers. This will eventually incite left-wing extremism and create a situation of unrest in Central India. The provisions not only affect the poor dwellers but are also contrary to the ultimate goal of growth, development, and empowerment.
Instead of delivering anti-colonial laws, the Union has ended up increasing bureaucratic power and the Centre’s rule. The amendment clarifies that the Centre has the utmost authority to intervene in matters dealt by respective states, along with the power to annul/overrule the decisions when it deems fit. Additionally, changes resulting in the leasing of patches of forest lands for commercial plantation have also been approved. All of this has led to an increase in forest bureaucracy, and privatisation and commercialisation of forest land, while ‘nothing’ is left in the hands of tribes and forest dwellers.
In the current scenario, it is of vital importance to realise that forests are not only home to Adivasis and other forest dwellers, but are also an essential part of the environment. With an increase in globalisation and development, it is equally required to analyse the importance of natural surroundings. Regarding the amendments in forest laws, the need for preserving the forests should have been the primary objective and the laws should have been woven around it. What is provided by the Union is not even an iota of what is required. Thus, it is important for further amendments to be made so that the laws that come into force are indeed a portrayal of the welfare of citizens.
The new law should not only depart from colonial power, but also from forest bureaucracy. The primary objective should be to ensure the quality of forest areas and well-being of tribe and forest dwellers. This can be met with by drafting of adequate policies to combat conflicts and to immobilise the subjugation of dwellers. In India, only 2.99% of the geographical area is categorised as dense forest; the rest of the green area, i.e. 21.54%, is a mixture of open and moderately dense forests. Therefore, it is important to save all 24.53% of the area from commercial exploitation and make laws and policies to improve the quality and convert the moderately dense forests into dense ones.
For these changes to come into existence, initiatives should be taken by the whole community. The Centre should encourage independent scientific evaluation of the forests as it shall be entirely impartial, and the benefits will be reaped for the development of forests, and not for the pockets of corrupt bureaucrats. A public hearing process should also be enacted, and the reports and assessments should be treated as a matter of great importance by the government. The government should not aim to control states or look for instances to exercise their power; rather it should work for the holistic development of the country.
Forests are not an entity which can be sidelined. They have a major impact on the environment and climate, which in turn affects the agriculture of the country. Hence, it wouldn’t be erroneous to state that for the overall growth of India, it is imperative for the Indian Forest laws to be in tandem with the needs and requirements of the people. Therefore, the amendment should, in essence, be focused on enhancing the quality of forest lands, and not on superficially combating colonial power on paper.
(Swapnil is currently a third-year student at National Law University, Jodhpur.) | <urn:uuid:72a4e636-671b-4894-ab84-6daf19d9356b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://rmlnlulawreview.com/2019/05/13/amendment-to-indian-forest-act-another-pawn-in-the-game-of-elections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499890.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131190543-20230131220543-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.953958 | 1,283 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Excel data validation not only includes controlling a specific cell, but it also allows for creating a secondary drop-down list that is completely dependent on the first or primary list. In other words, once the first list is displayed, and a parameter chosen, then a subset might exist for any given parameter. By further defining an entry, the data can be brought down its most basic form. This is particularly useful when maintaining customer lists where templates are much superior to having users keypunch all kinds of tedious information that relates to every entry. Using the Indirect Function, you will have more control over your workbook templates, thus, providing optimal performance for data entry.
An excellent example for the use of dependent tables is maintaining inventories. Let’s say, for example, you sell craft items. You might offer two different bags of one-inch felt animals. It doesn’t make any sense to create separate cells for each bag quantity. Instead, choose from the first table which would be the list of supplies for sale, then once one-inch felt animals are chosen, another list would drop down showing the bag with 50 animals and then, the bag with 100 animals. The same can be done for handmade coats. You might the sell the same style, but in different sizes. The style is found in the primary drop-down list, while the size is found in the dependent list.
Basically, dependent drop-down lists organize your data, removing the room for error. They are also quite helpful to reduce boredom when entering large amounts of data. Having to keypunch the same numbers and names over and over is a tiresome task. By taking the time in the beginning to configure the appropriate parameters, the job becomes much quicker and easier. Using templates to populate spreadsheets is a clean and efficient method of storing dynamic information. Dynamic generally refers to data that is always changing, either through modified lists or the spreadsheet itself being added to on a regular basis.
As with primary drop-down lists, making secondary or dependent drop-down lists in Excel requires using the Data Validation section of the software. I have an excel tutorials section that covers similar topics. Once that section is found, the first table and list should be defined and created, then the second table and list, which is completely dependently on the first, is built by using a function called INDIRECT.
Following are the steps required in order to create a dependent drop-down list.
- Begin by making a list of the parameters you need in each column of a blank sheet. You can make as many columns as required for the project, but remember that each column is dependent on the one right before it. So for example, the column structure might look like this.
- Raw Materials with a list of the type of supplies. For example, sugar, flour, salt, milk.
- When one of the raw ingredients is chosen, the next list will show Supplier Names for that particular ingredient.
- If the cake company has two different bakeries, then the next list might include the Factory Names by location. This would be the place to where the ingredients are being shipped by the specific supplier.
- A2 refers to the cell in the column for sugar
- if the cell were flour, it would be A3 and so on
- where A2 and B2 are the respective cells that associate with Sugar and Sandy’s Sugar Co. (the specific Supplier Name).
- Now, make a drop-down list for the first table (Raw Materials). Register or connect the table with the proper cell by using Data Validation under the Data Tools. Each step must be done in the right order, or your columns, tables and lists will not be associated with the correct data.
- Next, take the very next column that refers to the specific raw material such as Sugar. This column will store the name of the suppliers where the sugar is purchased. Click Data Validation and the dialog box will open.
- Be sure the Settings tab is open, and choose List in the first drop-down box.
- In the Source field, this is where it connects to the first table or column. So the supplier names listed match up to sugar. To do this, type the following into the box.
- To complete the last column or table being the Bakery Location, this must depend on the second column, which depends on the first. Use this code to connect them all together. | <urn:uuid:6e80542b-fb98-4b59-b26f-0d7523ddc7be> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://excel.tv/create-dependent-drop-list/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499954.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202003408-20230202033408-00172.warc.gz | en | 0.909722 | 946 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Whether it's digital text on a screen, or print in a book - literacy is literacy, right?
Wrong, says a leading literacy expert. What’s more, too much screen-based learning can create developmental imbalances we never anticipated.
Are you really going to read this blog word for word? Or are you much more likely to skim it, looking for ideas that, for whatever reason, resonate with you?
Will you resist distraction while you read this? Or are you likely to have your attention pulled away - to jump to another open tab, or simply switch your focus to what’s happening in the room around you?
Reading ain't reading
You don’t need to be a literacy researcher to have a pretty good hunch about the answers. You know from your own experience that reading ain’t reading.
You may well have noticed that you find it harder and harder to concentrate on a novel or other full-length text. You’re grown used to snacking on bits and pieces of prose, rather than consuming big, meaty chunks of it.
Think about it. If this is happening for you - you, who spent your formative years reading and learning from books - what exactly is happening for your digital children?
UCLA Professor Maryanne Wolf, a leading expert in the field of literacy research, studies these questions scientifically - and the results are sounding alarm bells for educators and parents alike.
To skim, or not to skim?
“To skim to inform,” Wolf points out, is the new normal for readers of all ages. And when deep reading goes missing, so does the opportunity for deep learning, “connecting background knowledge to new information, making analogies, drawing inferences, examining truth value” and thinking critically about what we read.
“Literacy literally changes the human brain. The process of learning to read changes our brain, but so does what we read, how we read and on what we read” - whether a book or journal, e-reader, phone or computer."
Other research has found declines in student comprehension when the same material is read on-screen instead of in print. Yet students themselves believed they read better on screens - because they were faster.
“Even three-year-olds appear less able to deal with more abstract material when listening to stories on screens versus books,” notes Wolf.
So screen-based reading is bad?
So is screen-based literacy “bad” and print-based literacy “good”? Not at all, says Wolf. Instead, she argues, “The great challenge now is to learn how to use both print and digital mediums to their best advantage for all.” Our children’s brains are already “biliterate” - meaning they’ve been trained to handle both types of literacy. And that’s an exciting development … potentially.
That said, Wolf believes it is essential that screens don’t displace books. “As a society we must ensure that there are always books next to our children’s digital devices.” And in our children’s bedrooms, books should be the only reading options.
One thing is clear. “Literacy literally changes the human brain. The process of learning to read changes our brain, but so does what we read, how we read and on what we read” - whether a book or journal, e-reader, phone or computer.
COVID blew up our teens’ screen-time. It’s time to get them back on track. In the wake of the COVID pandemic, our children are facing a ...
If you have more than one child - and statistics show 86 percent of families do - then managing screen-time can be double trouble. Or ...
Mixing kids and adult strangers in a self-moderated online environment ... What could possibly go wrong?
To improve the level of online safety and protection given for children, the Family Zone parental app is being replaced with the world-leading Qustodio parental app.Learn more | <urn:uuid:ce1a3c91-7cb5-4462-902d-91935536d22e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.familyzone.com/anz/families/blog/reading-is-reading-isnt-it | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499954.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202003408-20230202033408-00172.warc.gz | en | 0.935636 | 862 | 3.1875 | 3 |
I've been analyzing this circuit and so far I think it divides in two separate oscillators, but I still don't have a clear idea on how this two work together.
I'm leaving a picture of the circuit, any help will be appreciate it
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You can see two multivibrators, so you've got an idea of what this circuit can do. Step back a bit, and look at some key components.
The loudspeaker is connected to the left half, and looking to the right of the speaker, we don't see any interconnections, except for the wire that runs to VR1. So the two halves work almost independently.
Next, we look at the two ends of VR1. On the right side, it is connected to the emitter of Q4. This is a low impedance output, so this tells us the right side isn't going to be affected by this interconnection. On the left side, it is connected directly to the base resistors of the left-hand oscillator. From this, we infer that the signal from the right will affect the left.
A little intuition suggests that two oscillators running near the same frequency, mixed together, would produce a jumble of sound, not very useful or pleasing. So, we guess that the right-hand oscillator runs at a slow frequency, and changes the tone back and forth for the left-hand oscillator. We can verify this by looking at the capacitor values that cross connect the bases of each oscillator. Bigger capacitors mean lower frequencies.
SW1 adds a big capacitor to the "modulator line", and probably changes the influence so the tone "slides" back and forth, instead of jumping back and forth. C4 and R5 are already doing that to some extent. | <urn:uuid:0f0cc017-9b4f-428b-91d1-433a1752707b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/335655/bjt-bitonal-astable-multivibrator-can-someone-explain-me-how-this-circuit-works | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.927335 | 406 | 2.703125 | 3 |
A medium-sized deciduous tree, Red Elm grows primarily in Eastern and Central North America, stretching from southern Quebec to North Dakota, down to the northernmost parts of Florida and East Texas.
While it resembles American Elm superficially, Red Elm is more closely related to the European variety, Wych Elm. A reference to is reddish heartwood, it’s typically referred to as Red Elm in most woodworking applications. However, it’s commonly called “Slippery Elm” in other contexts — a nod to the slippery-sweet, fibrous inner bark found on the tree’s twigs and branches.
In fact, Native Americans relied on that “slippery” inner bark to treat fevers, inflammation, wounds, and sore throat. Not only that, Red Elm was historically used for coughs and colds, as a laxative, and to ease women’s labor pains in childbirth. It also served a lot of non-medicinal purposes as well, used commonly to make tools, mortars and pestles, baskets, archery bows, and canoes.
Another interesting fact, the yoke of the Liberty Bell – one of America’s great symbols of independence – was made from Red Elm.
Like all Ulmus species, Red Elms are commonly infected with Dutch Elm Disease. But, fortunately, this species seems to be less susceptible to the devastating effects as other Elms.
A classically handsome wood, Red Elm features a reddish brown to light brown heartwood and a well-defined, cream colored sapwood. Its grain is interlocked. And it has a coarse, uneven texture.
In all, Red Elm is a fantastic choice for a wide variety of applications, including wood veneer sheets, custom plywood, durable furniture, boxes, baskets, hockey sticks, and papermaking.
Eastern North America
Eastern United States
Common / Alternative Names:
CITES Appendices: Not listed
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Not listed
American Elm (Ulmus americana)
Carpathian Elm (Ulmus procera)
Cedar Elm (Ulmus crassifolia)
Dutch Elm (Ulmus x hollandica)
English Elm (Ulmus procera)
Rock Elm (Ulmus thomasii)
Winged Elm (Ulmus alata)
Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra) | <urn:uuid:6eb1d6cc-a4c5-4600-8a30-d0e6f9e4c13c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://glveneer.com/species/elm-red/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.883902 | 555 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Discover The Wonders Of Dragon's Blood Super Antioxidant Properties
About Dragon's Blood - The Miracle Healing Tree
Dragon’s blood - Croton Lechleri, is a dark, red natural plant resin that originates from the gum or sap of the plant groups Croton, Pterocarpus, Daemonorops, or Dracaena. Dragon’s blood products from the Dracaena and Daemonorops genus are the most common and widely used today.
Dragon's blood has been used for a variety of purposes for thousands of years. Evidence of its use has been found in the Middle East, China, India, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It has been used medicinally for health purposes. The indigenous tribes of Peru, Mexico and Ecuador, in particular, considered the resin a medicinal treasure, using it as a liquid bandage to stop bleeding, seal and protect wounds, and accelerate healing. It has a strong, sweetish fragrance.
Current research into the properties of Dragon's Blood shows it has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiseptic, antitumor and cytotoxic, antiulcer and antiviral, immunomodulatory, muscular tissue regenerator, mutagenic and antimutagenic, purifier, skin conditioning, wound healing, among others (1,2,3).
Dragon's Blood In Skincare & Beauty Products
Dragon's blood has gained much interest in the cosmetic and beauty industry due to its high antioxidant values, skin protection and regeneration properties. The antioxidant values of foods listed are expressed in ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) units, a unit of measurement for antioxidant content which was originally developed by the National Institute on Aging (4).
Dragon's blood has the highest known ORAC value of 2,897,110 giving it 6,000 times the antioxidant power of vitamin C, 800 times that of CoQ10, and 550 times that of vitamin E. Just as a comparison, Blueberries have an ORAC of 4,669 and turmeric 127,068. The high content of polyphenols, especially proanthocyanidins, one of its main constituents gives it this high antioxidant value.
Dragon's Blood has been studied for its effects on wound healing and skin regeneration. A study done on sixty patients (5), between the ages of 14–65 years, who were referred for skin tag removal showed there was a significant reduction in the duration of wound healing in those using a cream containing dragons’ blood. The phenolic compounds and the alkaloid taspine, are the main reasons for the wound healing property of this plant. Taspine has a powerful cicatrizant (wound healing) effect which stimulates fibroblasts - cells responsible for the production of collagen, glycoaminoglycans, and proteoglycans - to migrate to sites of skin damage and multiply there. This helps regenerate the skin and rebuild connective tissue. Proanthocyanidins are chemical compounds that protect and strengthen collagen fibres enhancing skin suppleness and elasticity.
The combination of these chemical compounds and a high polyphenol content make dragons blood a super antioxidant for all skin types, especially in conditions where protection from oxidative stress and healing are required. Not only does Dragons Blood increase wound healing, it also forms a protective barrier over the skin to shield it from harsh elements. This reduces signs of aging such as pigmentation and skin damage from environmental damage and oxidative stress.
Damaged, sensitive and mature skin can take comfort in the protective, nourishing and healing properties of this amazing plant resin.
Article by: Dr. Carolyn Goh
Integrated Health Consultant,
BEng., MSc., PhD (DIC)., MBBS
1. Chen Z.-P., Cai Y., Phillipson J. Studies on the Anti-Tumour, Anti-Bacterial, and Wound-Healing Properties of Dragon’s Blood. Planta Med. 1994;60:541–545. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-959567. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
2. Pieters L., De Bruyne T., Van Poel B., Vingerhoets R., Totté J., Vanden Berghe D., Vlietinck A. In vivo wound healing activity of Dragon’s Blood (Croton spp.), a traditional South American drug, and its constituents. Phytomedicine. 1995;2:17–22. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80043-7. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
3. Gupta D., Bleakley B., Gupta R.K. Dragon’s blood: Botany, chemistry and therapeutic uses. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007;115:361–380. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.018. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
5. Efficacy of Dragon's blood cream on wound healing: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ForooghNamjoyanaFatemehKiashibZahra BeigomMoosavicFatemehSaffaribBehzad SharifMakhmalzadehd
7. Porras-Reyes BH, Lewis WH, Roman J, Simchowitz L, Mustoe TA, Enhancement of wound healing by the alkaloid taspine defining mechanism of action, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 203: 18-25 (1993) | <urn:uuid:73b7d9a4-2bf1-47a5-a7e9-c1ccf189e5de> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mypuras.com/blogs/articles/dragons-blood-super-antioxidant-properties | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.846621 | 1,200 | 2.546875 | 3 |
This article does not have any sources. (February 2021)
The German battleship Bismarck was built by Nazi Germany. It was one of the most famous and recognized warships of World War II. It sailed for just one mission, known as Operation "Rheinübung". It was named in honor of the German statesman, Otto von Bismarck.
Its construction began on 1 July 1936 in a shipyard in Hamburg, Germany. The ship was launched on 14 February 1940. The Bismarck class battleship was the largest type of battleship built by any European power. Her sister ship Tirpitz was the second in this class.
The Bismarck and Tirpitz were planned in the mid-1930s by the German Kriegsmarine to counter France and its own naval expansion. Construction began in 1936 and were supposed to fall within the 35,000 long ton limit as imposed by the Washington regime and the Anglo-German Naval Agreement during the Interwar period. Both of them secretly ignored the limits but before it's completion, the agreement and the treaty fell apart due to Japan's withdrawal in 1937. Bismarck weighed 41,700t (long tons) and 50,300 t (49,500 long tons) when fully loaded and had a overall length of 251m (823 ft 6in) which was the largest built than any other European power until HMS Vanguard after the war. Bismarck had a top speed of 30.01 knots (55.58 km/h; 34.53 mph) during trials and had a max distance of 16,430 km (10,210 mi) without refuels. Bismarck had a crew of 2000-2200 and had them divided into twelve divisions of 180-200 per division and half of them were assigned to main and secondary weaponry while the other half were support crew. (Cooks, Radio Operators) The Bismarck had an armament of eight 38 cm (15 in) guns, twelve 15 cm (5.9 in) guns, sixteen 10.5 cm (4.1 in) guns, sixteen 3.7 (1.5 in) guns, and twelve 2 cm (0.79 in) guns. Bismarck's main belt had a thickness of 320mm (12.6 in) and was additionally covered with upper and main armor deck ranging from 50mm to 120mm ( 2in to 4.7in ) while the turret faces were protected by 360mm (14.2 in) fronts while the sides were 220mm (8.7 in) thick.
On 5th May 1941 Hitler started Operation Rheinübung to sever Britain's lifeline which consisted of merchant ships bringing vital supplies such as food and raw materials. If this lifeline was cut Britain would be forced to either sue for peace, negotiate an armistice or leave the British Isles. The goal of Rheinübung was to break into the Atlantic Ocean and attack allied merchant ships transporting essential goods. German Naval Command (OKM) established a network of tankers and supply ships around the area Bismarck and Prinz Eugen sailed. Britain knew Nazi Germany was going to attack these supply lines and stationed multiple battlecruisers, aircraft carriers, and battleships.
Battle of Denmark StraitEdit
At 05:45 24th of May, German lookouts spotted smoke in the distance which turned out to be from two of the Royal Navy's ships called HMS Hood and HMS Prince of Wales. At 05:52 Hood opened fire at what they thought was Bismarck but instead of Prinz Eugen while Prince of Wales fired on Bismarck. Both Prince of Wales and Hood attacked Bismarck and Prinz Eugen head on only allowing them to use their front guns while Bismarck and Prinz Eugen could fire with all their weaponry. After several minutes of shelling, Hood turned 20° left to use its rear turrets and after a minute of firing, Prinz Eugen scored a hit on Hood causing an ammunition fire which was quickly extinguished. Bismarck fired three salvos which caused it to find the range to Hood and the order to rapid-fire was given. Hood turned 20° to the left again to make itself parallel with Bismarck and Prinz Eugen. Prinz Eugen shifted its fire towards Prince of Wales to keep both British ships under fire and scored a couple of hits on Wales. Prinz Eugen was ordered to move behind Bismarck to keep track of Norfolk and Suffolk. At 06:00 Hood was completing her second turn to the left when Bismarck's salvo hit. Two of the shells landed short while one of the shells struck Hood's thin deck armor and caused 112 t ( 110 long tons ) of ammo to explode causing Hood to split in half in only eight minutes and only three out of 1149 crew survived. After the sinking of Hood, Bismarck redirected its fire towards Prince of Wales and hit Wales directly in the bridge killing all but 3 officers and was still being fired upon and guns were malfunctioning on the new battleship and after scoring a bunch of ineffective hits on Bismarck, the order was given to retreat at 06:13
After the engagement, Bismarck’s commander reported that Hood sunk and another battleship thinking it was King George V or Renown escaped but was damaged and transmitted a damage report along with his intentions to let Prinz Eugen detach and head to Saint-Nazaire for repairs. Prinz Eugen reported that Bismarck was leaking oil and an hour later a British plane reported the oil slick to Suffolk and Norfolk which was joined by a damaged Prince of Wales. Winston Churchill ordered all ships in the area to join in the pursuit against Prinz Eugen and Bismarck which resulted in six battleships, two battlecruisers, two aircraft carriers, thirteen cruisers, and twenty one destroyers were ordered to hunt down Bismarck and Prinz Eugen. With weather worsening Bismarck’s commander attempted to detach Prinz Eugen but the squall wasn't heavy enough to hide her withdrawal from Norfolk and Suffolk which continued to maintain radar contact. Prinz Eugen was successfully detached and Bismarck turned to face Suffolk which forced Suffolk to turn away at high speeds while Prince of Wales fired at Bismarck and received fire back. Although Bismarck had been damaged earlier she was still able to achieve 27-28 knots and was still able to reach Saint-Nazaire unless slowed down. The British sent aircraft carrier Victorious and an additional four light cruisers to have Swordfish torpedo bombers find and engage Bismarck but due to the inexperience of the pilots, they nearly attacked Norfolk and a US Coast Guard USCGC Modoc and alerted Bismarck’s anti-aircraft gunners. | <urn:uuid:34b629f6-72fc-4aae-a1dc-49fb91549d60> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.977107 | 1,455 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Last week the Trump administration announced that it would make efforts to ensure Critical Race Theory is not used in diversity programs in the federal government. This came after reports emerged of “training sessions” in which white government employees were basically told they were inherently racist and made to confess and apologize for their privilege. Such sessions have also become popular in the corporate world and in our schools; they are operated by very successful companies trading on white guilt.
One thing that is amazing about Critical Race Theory is that it has absolutely no basis in science. There is no data anywhere to suggest that it has ever made anyone less racist, or that it has ever reduced incidents of racism. Rather it is all based on feelings, lived truth, and not so subtle calls for racial reparations, if not flat out revenge. So how has Critical Race Theory come to dominate corporate and governmental anti-racism efforts?
Prior to the emergence of Critical Race Theory in the late 1980s, our culture labored under the notion that the problems of racism were getting better, and fast. After all, if you were 50 years old in 1980, you had been born while people who were slaves still lived, been an adult during segregation, seen the Civil Rights movement and landed in a place that seemed vastly more equal than any of that. Few if any people in the ’80s would have said racism didn’t exist, but the progress was palpable and undeniable.
In 1986, “The Cosby Show” was the most popular show on television, but more than that, the Huxstables, the family at the core of the show, were the absolute model of a successful American family. They were a black, two-professional-parent household living comfortably in a middle class, multicultural Brooklyn neighborhood in which everyone seemed to get along. If this black family being a lodestar American family didn’t signal a shift away from racism then what would?
Just three years later in 1989 another smash hit would break through in American entertainment. Film director Spike Lee’s “Do The Right Thing” was set in the same multicultural Brooklyn as “The Cosby Show,” but now it was a simmering cauldron of racial tension lying just beneath the surface. The movie introduced us to another key element of Critical Race Theory, “the microaggression.” After all, the “racist act” that sets the plot in motion towards its final moments of riots and police killing a black man was that Sal’s Pizza didn’t have any pictures of black entertainers on the wall, only Italians.
In a seminal scene, we see close up after close up of Brooklynites of various races hurling racial epithets. The message is clear; we were still essentially a racist society. Yes, we had learned to be more polite, less overt. We had gone from Archie Bunker feeling comfortable being openly racist in the 1970s to such open sentiments being a fireable offense in the sense of society. Cases like Jimmy the Greek, the CBS football analyst, and baseball executive Branch Rickey saw powerful men cancelled, though we did not have that term yet. In regard to Rickey, it was especially remarkable given that he had been the Brooklyn Dodger executive who brought Jackie Robinson to the bigs, integrating America’s national pastime.
It took several decades for Critical Race Theory, which even has roots dating back from the 1960s, to become the dominant mode of talking and thinking about racism in the American academy and media. It began in the academy, and by the late 1990s had moved into the nonprofit art world, where as a theater artist and producer I saw its grip on discourse become firmer year after year. By the 2010s it had moved to social media where memes about privilege abounded and Critical Race Theory bounded into the mainstream mostly on the back of college educated white progressives who emerged as by far the most progressive cohort of Americans, eclipsing any groups of color.
A big reason for the success of Critical Race Theory over the past few decades has been an unwillingness of Americans, especially non-black Americans to confront it. Most Americans roll their eyes at concepts like “white fragility” but it really wasn’t worth arguing about, much like the trans issue, people felt it didn’t really effect them so why not just leave it alone rather than the kicking the hornets’ nest of race in America. But also like with the trans issue, that attitude started to change once the issue impacted people’s lives, once their daughters were losing track meets to boys and toddlers were being indoctrinated.
So too with Critical Race Theory, as long as it was the provenance of willing white participants who found solace in confessing their racism, nobody cared. But when you show up at work and your job depends making such a confession, things get considerably less comfortable. When these unproven and un-provable ideas are being shoved down you kids’ throats and activist teachers want you to leave the room while they Zoom these ideas to your progeny, things have gone too far.
The Trump administration is right to tackle the cancer that is Critical Race Theory head on. It has the potential to tear the nation apart, if it hasn’t already. There is no more time to be silent in the face of this racist ideology. It must be stamped out of public life and we must return to the goal of a truly equal society for every American. | <urn:uuid:258a61fc-c7cb-4ed4-9ff7-8c6eae1e69bf> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://thefederalist.com/2020/09/08/donald-trump-is-right-to-remove-critical-race-theory-from-diversity-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00252.warc.gz | en | 0.978751 | 1,127 | 3.0625 | 3 |
How to Talk about Willingness?
Follow the article to learn how to make sentences with these verbs.
To talk about your willingness and unwillingness you can use the modal verb would. When we are unwilling to do something we use the negative form of these modal verbs. In this case, all we have to do is to add the term not to the modal verb would.
Remember, 'would' is used in the past tense to refer to a past period of time. Using 'would' to refer to your desires in the past tense is polite as well.
Using will to talk about willingness is not the most common way, because the modal verb will is mostly used to talk about future plans though it can also refer to things you tend to do in the future.
To Be Willing to Do Something
There is an expression to indicate your desires in English. That would be called 'to be willing to do something'. Check out the examples for more clarification.
Will as a Main Verb
'Would like' is an expression to show you like something or you are willing to do it. So you have to be capable of diagnosing the tense of sentences with the modal 'would'. They may include the past modal verb 'would', but the meaning is in the present tense.
'Want' (Main Verb)
We can use the main verb 'want' to indicate we are eager or willing to do something. As you know, after the main verb want we should have an infinitive with 'to'.
We can use the verb 'will' as a modal verb or also as a main verb to talk about willingness. Check out the table below.
|talking about willingness||will (modal)||will (main verb)||would like| | <urn:uuid:e365d20f-bc3c-441b-9fd8-b74aea8c09c3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://langeek.co/en/grammar/course/520/talking-about-willingness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500126.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204110651-20230204140651-00332.warc.gz | en | 0.963766 | 403 | 3.109375 | 3 |
All classifieds – Veux-Veux-Pas, free classified ads Website.One moment, please
When it comes to Asia terms, what is on your mind? The largest area? Asia has advantages and disadvantages on Earth’s surface. The most outstanding coastline of any region is subordinate to the nation’s widest variety of climatic extremes.
As a result, it delivers the most different kinds of vegetation and animal species on Earth. Since Asia is huge, this d will specifically describe Southeast Asia as a unique continental and leading agricultural product. One of the countries on the equator line benefits from its climate and agriculture production. Before you go further, it is good for you to enrich your agriculture production countries here. Now, let’s get started answering your question about why Southeast Asia is the largest agricultural production region.
Behind the scene of becoming the most prominent region producing agricultural production Southeast Asia has a rich environmental and agricultural diversity. Almost all of the region is mountainous, and temperatures range from lowland areas to mild climates in the highlands.
In addition, there descargar e instalar adobe audition cs6 full gratis 2017 free a wide range of topographic conditions, ranging from coastal plain hills and mountains and the alluvial regions in the lowlands to mountain ridges, hills, and mountains in the uplands and highlands. Indeed, most of Southeast Asia has fertile volcanic or alluvial soil quality.
In detail, Indonesia has many volcanic mountains that deliver fertile soil, which is good to plant descargar e instalar adobe audition cs6 full gratis 2017 free crops are grown as the second crop in the dry season, e.
Unsurprisingly, you can find alluvial soils there. Vietnam and Thailand are two of the world’s top three rice export commodities. Likewise, certain lands in Malaysia and Indonesia have inceptisol soils.
Inceptisol soil is formed from a sedimentary or metamorphic rock with a slightly brownish and descargar e instalar adobe audition cs6 full gratis 2017 free color and a somewhat grayish mixture. This land can also support the formation of beautiful forests. Hence, Malaysia and Indonesia can produce descargar e instalar adobe audition cs6 full gratis 2017 free palm much more. Regardless, Southeast Asia is struggling in facing Covid 19 pandemic, climate change, urbanization, water scarcity.
Let’s say climate change harms sustainable agricultural development because of irregular weather patterns, floods, drought, and natural disasters. Pandemic situation limits farmers’ activity to maintain their land.
Also, barriers that arise in food distribution and logistics problems between regions and countries can reduce food availability. Southeast Asia countries apply smart farming intsalar to keep their work flowless and effective in response to this issue.
Therefore, these Southeast Asia countries contribute to the highest agricultural production globally. Here is an overview of the leading agricultural product of Southeast Asia countries. Southeast Asia countries with their prominent agricultural product Vietnam Southeast Asia accounts for about half of global rice exports.
It produces one-fifth to one-fourth of global output. The Vietnam news predicts that the country will be the second-largest rice exporter in Vietnam outsourced 6.
Vietnam outsourced almost 1. Thailand became the most competitive year for Thailand and Vietnam. The two countries competed to title as the first runner up of world rice exporter. Yet, Thailand only got third place as a rice exporter after India and Vietnam. W is one of the most crucial agricultural products. Rice is also a food source in Thailand, with each person consuming nearly kilograms per year on average.
As a vital economic crop, rice naturally occupies a central position in the private sector. Rice is Thailand’s most planted crop, accounting for 45 percent of all Thai farmland, and Indonesia Indonesia is the nation’s largest palm oil producer, with an annual output of more than 30 million tons.
The palm oil industry provides jobs to over 2 million Indonesians, with several obtaining indirect economic advantages. InIndonesia descargra Malaysia Per previous data, Malaysia follows Indonesia as the second-largest palm oil manufacturer. Sabah becomes the home of palm oil that can deliver 25 percent palm oil приведу ссылку. After it, Sarawak contributed 19 percent to global demand, followed by Johor at 16 percent, Pahang at 14 percent, and Perak at 7 percent.
Lastly, to keep their agricultural production up and stable, each country has programs and strategies. In this digitalization era, technology makes it simpler to develop auditiom improve agricultural products quality. Want to see what are the programs? Stay tuned to our blog and social media. What might you recommend in regards to your put up that you made some days in the past?
Any sure? Case Studies Forestry Palm Sugarcane. The overview of leading agricultural product of Southeast Asia: Good for aydition. Southeast Asia has a rich environmental and agricultural diversity. Southeast Asia accounts for about half of global rice exports.
Indonesia is the nation’s largest palm oil producer, with an annual output of more than 30 million tons. Per previous data, Malaysia follows Indonesia as instqlar second-largest palm oil manufacturer. Name : From :. AsepaBiz AsepaBiz What do you wish to tell it? Lucas Lucas fantastic points altogether, you just gained a brand new onstalar. Leave a comment!
The overview of leading agricultural product of Southeast Asia: Good for invest – Avirtech
free adobe audition cs6 serial number free download windows 10 black screen with cursor before adobe acrobat xi pro full descargar gratis free download. Here they are: The Adobe CC Direct Download Links to free trials – the offline installers for all-new Creative Cloud tools with no. Mix, edit, and create audio content in Adobe Audition audio recording software Graphics template from After Effects or download one from Adobe Stock and. | <urn:uuid:b6f2d807-ba86-485c-8292-8ad8afc78319> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://blackknightpublishing.net/descargar-e-instalar-adobe-audition-cs6-full-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.902598 | 1,248 | 2.546875 | 3 |
I question why "pres" was marked incorrect in this exercise. As I understand it, "à côté de" means exactly next to, whereas in placing a vase I would be putting it near the bed, probably on a bedside table or similar, so more correctly it would be "pres du lit"?
Freeform Writing Exercise A1
Have a look at the link here: https://kwiziq.learnfrenchwithalexa.com/questions/view/what-s-the-difference-between-a-cote-de-and-pres-de
I hope this is helpful.
Bonne journée !
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Test your French to the CEFR standard | <urn:uuid:d38f1998-d6b5-4c60-82ec-1555a9a32403> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://kwiziq.learnfrenchwithalexa.com/questions/view/dans-un-vase-a-cote-du-lit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.895476 | 173 | 2.9375 | 3 |
This Determine an Author's Purpose instructional video also includes:
How does an author's choice of audience reveal his or her purpose for writing a text? Your class members can find out by following the steps outlined in this video. The narrator models her process with a chapter from W.E.B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk, determining first who the audience is, and then analyzing why the author chose this audience. Additional materials are included. Note that the narrator's voice is soft and might not keep the attention of all learners.
- If you aren't logged in to Learnzillion, you will be prompted to create a free account to access all materials for this resource | <urn:uuid:c76009e9-b2df-498c-a634-83e3dd8101bd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/determine-an-authors-purpose | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.933348 | 148 | 3.171875 | 3 |
How to innovate
There are many good books, articles, and information about the importance of innovation, as well as how to innovate.
Yet, despite the large variety of knowledge available on the subject, most of us still do not understand how and why innovative ideas arise. We might have truisms in mind when we think of innovation, such as ‘define the problem you want to solve,’ ‘promote a culture of innovation,’ or ‘brainstorm.’ Although true, these platitudes do not offer substantial advice on what the source of innovation is.
In this article, the aim is therefore to provide a brief overview of why and how innovation happens. By the end of it, you won’t be left wondering what to do and be more innovative, both on a personal level and in your organisation.
In short, being more innovative at work or increasing innovation output at your organisation is as simple as working with others on-site. This practice of working alongside others in person is called colocation. Without the colocation of colleagues, teams, companies, or institutions, innovation is nearly impossible. In this blog post, we explain why.
Writing this at a time when many people feel they are being forced to return to the office might seem tone-deaf. However, this is not an article that disparages people’s real and reasonable desire to work from home (or from anywhere, for that matter), it is an article that was written to remind us that there is real value in people working together in the same space. While this article promotes the idea that working together in the same location is a good thing, it by no means suggests that working on-site all the time is the only way of working.
What is colocation?
Colocation can be defined as the act of different people – usually from different departments or with different sets of expertise – working together in the same physical location. ‘Location’ can be used in both a narrow or broad sense: offices, department floors, labs, buildings, campuses, neighbourhoods or cities all refer to locations where individuals can work together or colocate.
In this article, the focus is more on the narrow sense of colocation, namely the colocation of individuals in the same office, lab, or building. However, the main argument – namely that colocation lies at the root of innovation – still applies to colocation in the broader sense where research departments, innovation hubs and campuses operate in physical proximity to each other.
Colocation’s meaning in the context of this article can be summarised in the words of Marty Cagan, leading expert in Product Management and Innovation (founder of the Silicon Valley Product Group):*
Colocation means that team members literally sit right next to one another […] close enough to easily see each other’s computer screens. [… T]here is a special dynamic that occurs when the team sits together, eats lunch together, and builds personal relationships with each other.
For case studies or examples of colocation (both successful and unsuccessful) carried out by companies or large organisations, follow the link and fill in your details. We’ll happily send you the information.
How innovation happens
How do you develop innovative thinking? How do you think innovatively within an organisation?
The answer is both simpler and more complex than you think. Thinking innovatively at work or creating an innovative organisation lies in the interactions between people.
Interactions include conversations but are more encompassing than just discussion. Interaction implies a shared context and shared experiences. It includes planned as well as spontaneous moments. Interactions can thus range from a structured meeting to casually observing how your colleagues react in certain situations.
In short, innovation arises in an environment of ‘rich’ and nuanced interactions; not in boxed in situations that are stripped of nuance (such as a zoom meeting or an email, for example). Workplace banter, shared meals, or simply overhearing an interesting conversation can all lead to innovative ideas being generated and taking shape.
Why is innovation generated in these rich and nuanced day-to-day interactions taking place within a shared context? Because without this shared context, we’re less likely to encounter and engage with perspectives or actions different to our own. On the other hand, when we share space with others, we are more likely to come across and entertain new ways of thinking, ideas that challenge our assumptions, and different ways of doing things. This is why colocating with other people is so crucial to innovation.
The key lies in having access to one’s team members, colleagues, or fellow researchers and in simply being there when these moments occur. This is why online tools often are not enough: they do not offer the opportunity for people to interact casually and to engage in unstructured conversations where creative ideas can flourish.
In summary: Innovative ideas are generated in moments that we share with others, within a shared context, shared experiences, and shared (his)stories. For this reason, colocation is necessary for innovation.
Generating innovative ideas or innovation is thus both deceptively simple and complex. Simple, in the sense that is merely by being around others and working together that innovation occurs. Complex, in the sense that innovative ideas cannot be generated at will. There is no formula or 5-step plan one can follow to ‘get’ innovative ideas from a conversation or an interaction with another person.
The above, however, is only a summary of why colocation encourages innovation. For a more in-depth report on why colocation increases innovation, click here and fill in your details. We’ll be happy to send you our free white paper on why colocation is central to innovation.
How to implement colocation and increase innovation at your organisation
The companies that are serious about innovation are the companies that are deliberate about colocation.
For a comprehensive guide on how to promote colocation at your organisation or between members of your team, download our white paper about innovation and colocation here. Follow the link and fill in your details for a list of things to do for successful colocation and increased innovation (as well as things to avoid!).
Marty Cagan, 2018, Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love, 2nd ed. Wiley: Hoboken, NJ., p. 36. | <urn:uuid:6358996b-e04a-4d6a-a4ee-b905eb51b335> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.workero.com/nl/the-links-between-colocation-and-innovation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.94636 | 1,309 | 2.8125 | 3 |
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