instance_id stringlengths 10 26 | field stringclasses 4
values | num_sents_paper int64 1 1 | Paper_Finding stringlengths 18 663 | output stringlengths 27 679 | output_same stringlengths 27 679 | model stringclasses 2
values | __index_level_0__ int64 0 399 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medicine_182 | Medicine | 1 | Focusing on efforts to improve delivery systems for Latinos will likely reduce disparities in patients' experiences and the quality of primary care received. | Finding: 'Concentrating on efforts to improve delivery systems for Latinos is likely to reduce disparities in patients' experiences and the quality of primary care received.' | 'Concentrating on efforts to improve delivery systems for Latinos is likely to reduce disparities in patients' experiences and the quality of primary care received.' | GPT-5.1 | 301 |
Medicine_305 | Medicine | 1 | In cilia, the activated SMO receptor induces the modification of GLI transcription factors into the active form, thereby inhibiting the processing of GLI transcription factors into a repressor form. | Finding: 'In cilia, the activated SMO receptor causes the modification of GLI transcription factors into the active form, thereby preventing the processing of GLI transcription factors into a repressor form.' | 'In cilia, the activated SMO receptor causes the modification of GLI transcription factors into the active form, thereby preventing the processing of GLI transcription factors into a repressor form.' | GPT-5.1 | 302 |
Computer_Science_easy_91 | Computer_Science | 1 | A similar approach, formalized in the language of information theory , can make it possible to describe the topological structure of the agent's surface and certain properties of its interaction with the environment . | A comparable method, cast in the language of information theory, can enable us to describe the topological structure of the agent's surface and certain properties of its interaction with the environment. | A comparable method, cast in the language of information theory, can enable us to describe the topological structure of the agent's surface and certain properties of its interaction with the environment. | GPT-5.1 | 303 |
Medicine_181 | Medicine | 1 | However, the stronger association between instant noodle consumption $2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome among women after excluding participants taking blood pressure-lowering and lipid-lowering medications or who had a history of diabetes mellitus might indicate the robustness of that association. | However, the stronger association between instant noodle consumption ≥2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome among women after excluding participants taking blood pressure-lowering and lipid-lowering medications or who had a history of diabetes mellitus may reflect the robustness of that association. | However, the stronger association between instant noodle consumption ≥2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome among women after excluding participants taking blood pressure-lowering and lipid-lowering medications or who had a history of diabetes mellitus may reflect the robustness of that association. | GPT-5.1 | 304 |
Computer_Science_easy_54 | Computer_Science | 1 | Roughly 71% of the professionals said they would not make a call or take a call during a meeting. | Finding: 'Approximately 71% of the professionals stated they would not place or answer a call during a meeting.' | 'Approximately 71% of the professionals stated they would not place or answer a call during a meeting.' | GPT-5.1 | 305 |
Medicine_256 | Medicine | 1 | We found no evidence that the number of support staff working on the unit improves patients' survival chances even though their presence on the unit might have the effect of releasing clinical staff to care for patients. | We found no evidence that the number of support staff working on the unit improves patients' survival chances even though their presence on the unit could have the effect of releasing clinical staff to care for patients. | We found no evidence that the number of support staff working on the unit improves patients' survival chances even though their presence on the unit could have the effect of releasing clinical staff to care for patients. | GPT-5.1 | 306 |
Computer_Science_tweet_21 | Computer_Science | 1 | Across both measures of online program engagement, we find that ads spur more online purchases when they air in more social shows, with funny ads spurring the largest increases in sales when they air in more social shows and with active and informational ads generating the smallest increases in sales. | Across both measures of online program engagement, we find that ads drive more online purchases when they run in more social shows, with funny ads producing the largest sales increases when they run in more social shows and with active and informational ads yielding the smallest sales increases. | Across both measures of online program engagement, we find that ads drive more online purchases when they run in more social shows, with funny ads producing the largest sales increases when they run in more social shows and with active and informational ads yielding the smallest sales increases. | GPT-5.1 | 307 |
Computer_Science_easy_231 | Computer_Science | 1 | We believe that what characterizes space is the particular structure that it imposes on possible sensorimotor experiences. | We think that what defines space is the specific structure that it imposes on possible sensorimotor experiences. | We think that what defines space is the specific structure that it imposes on possible sensorimotor experiences. | GPT-5.1 | 308 |
Psychology_tweet_260 | Psychology | 1 | In an era where science is becoming increasingly contentious politically, curriculum reform that is designed to produce a more educated citizenry represents an area of common ground for virtually all actors in the policy making process. | In an era when science is growing increasingly contentious politically, curriculum reform aimed at producing a more educated citizenry constitutes a shared area of agreement for almost all actors in the policy-making process. | In an era when science is growing increasingly contentious politically, curriculum reform aimed at producing a more educated citizenry constitutes a shared area of agreement for almost all actors in the policy-making process. | GPT-5.1 | 309 |
Computer_Science_295 | Computer_Science | 1 | As a result, we could not use the calibration procedure relying on the previous day's intuitive mapping. | As a result, we were unable to use the calibration procedure that relied on the previous day's intuitive mapping. | As a result, we were unable to use the calibration procedure that relied on the previous day's intuitive mapping. | GPT-5.1 | 310 |
Psychology_easy_321 | Psychology | 1 | We consider several options to explain this effect. | We examine several possibilities to account for this effect. | We examine several possibilities to account for this effect. | GPT-5.1 | 311 |
Psychology_easy_107 | Psychology | 1 | Some participants expressed a similar sentiment about avoiding people who inject and those who use non-injectable drugs because they perceived them to be mostly likely to be HIV-positive. | Finding: 'Some participants voiced a similar sentiment about avoiding people who inject and those who use non-injectable drugs because they regarded them as most likely to be HIV-positive.' | 'Some participants voiced a similar sentiment about avoiding people who inject and those who use non-injectable drugs because they regarded them as most likely to be HIV-positive.' | GPT-5.1 | 312 |
Psychology_easy_76 | Psychology | 1 | The pattern fits the hypothesis that labels influence the encoding and the maintenance of the target in working memory, an idea that has broad implications for understanding how heard words affect visual processing and performance in many cognitive tasks. | Finding: 'The pattern accords with the hypothesis that labels influence the encoding and the maintenance of the target in working memory, an idea that has broad implications for understanding how heard words affect visual processing and performance in many cognitive tasks.' | 'The pattern accords with the hypothesis that labels influence the encoding and the maintenance of the target in working memory, an idea that has broad implications for understanding how heard words affect visual processing and performance in many cognitive tasks.' | GPT-5.1 | 313 |
Biology_604 | Biology | 1 | Since burial, these zones have remained intact with minimal disturbance. | Since burial, these zones have stayed intact with very little disturbance. | Since burial, these zones have stayed intact with very little disturbance. | GPT-5.1 | 314 |
Psychology_526 | Psychology | 1 | (Note that we already control for birth weight and whether the child was in intensive care when born.) | (Note that we already account for birth weight and whether the child was in intensive care at birth.) | (Note that we already account for birth weight and whether the child was in intensive care at birth.) | GPT-5.1 | 315 |
Biology_tweet_218 | Biology | 1 | The NSG-W host strain's more thorough immuno-depletion and/or use of quickly processed neonatal patient thymic explants may also have influenced our results. | The NSG-W host strain's more extensive immuno-depletion and/or the use of rapidly processed neonatal patient thymic explants could also have affected our results. | The NSG-W host strain's more extensive immuno-depletion and/or the use of rapidly processed neonatal patient thymic explants could also have affected our results. | GPT-5.1 | 316 |
Psychology_tweet_118 | Psychology | 1 | And I know there's guys that will but not me… If somebody told me they're HIV positive, to me that would frighten me to even want to participate in anything but conversation. | And I know there are guys who would, but not me… If someone told me they were HIV positive, that would scare me away from wanting to do anything other than talk. | And I know there are guys who would, but not me… If someone told me they were HIV positive, that would scare me away from wanting to do anything other than talk. | GPT-5.1 | 317 |
Biology_550 | Biology | 1 | Furthermore, we show that the strength of persistent activity covaries with the degree of manipulation, potentially explaining the observation that persistent activity varies markedly between tasks. | Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strength of persistent activity covaries with the degree of manipulation, which could account for the observation that persistent activity varies markedly between tasks. | Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strength of persistent activity covaries with the degree of manipulation, which could account for the observation that persistent activity varies markedly between tasks. | GPT-5.1 | 318 |
Medicine_341 | Medicine | 1 | We find that ecological niche modeling has considerable utility in recognizing closely related species in Phelsuma. | We find that ecological niche modeling is highly useful for recognizing closely related species in Phelsuma. | We find that ecological niche modeling is highly useful for recognizing closely related species in Phelsuma. | GPT-5.1 | 319 |
Medicine_easy_203 | Medicine | 1 | Etoposide induces cellular DNA breaks and the phosphorylation of ATM at discrete DDR foci ( Figure 3C ). | Finding: 'Etoposide causes cellular DNA breaks and ATM phosphorylation at distinct DDR foci ( Figure 3C ).' | 'Etoposide causes cellular DNA breaks and ATM phosphorylation at distinct DDR foci ( Figure 3C ).' | GPT-5.1 | 320 |
Psychology_524 | Psychology | 1 | In this way, the consequentialist action in our impartiality dilemmas we used in this study -and especially the spending money variant -directly match onto the action that we should do on effective altruism principles. | In this way, the consequentialist action in the impartiality dilemmas we used in this study—and especially the spending money variant—directly corresponds to the action that we ought to take according to effective altruism principles. | In this way, the consequentialist action in the impartiality dilemmas we used in this study—and especially the spending money variant—directly corresponds to the action that we ought to take according to effective altruism principles. | GPT-5.1 | 321 |
Computer_Science_easy_199 | Computer_Science | 1 | In fact, we will see that the second laws impose a constraint on how one defines work, if one demands reversibility of the work system. | In fact, we will find that the second laws place a constraint on how one defines work, if one requires reversibility of the work system. | In fact, we will find that the second laws place a constraint on how one defines work, if one requires reversibility of the work system. | GPT-5.1 | 322 |
Biology_tweet_260 | Biology | 1 | As expected, we identified sequence changes in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, a wellknown driver gene in HGSOC, in all cases. | As anticipated, we detected sequence alterations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, a well-known driver gene in HGSOC, in every case. | As anticipated, we detected sequence alterations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, a well-known driver gene in HGSOC, in every case. | GPT-5.1 | 323 |
Biology_69 | Biology | 1 | Findings from this study indicated that school-age children were almost twice as sensitive to the melatonin suppression effects of evening moderate bright light exposure (~580 lux) than their parents . | Findings from this study showed that school-age children were nearly twice as sensitive to the melatonin suppression effects of evening moderate bright light exposure (~580 lux) as their parents. | Findings from this study showed that school-age children were nearly twice as sensitive to the melatonin suppression effects of evening moderate bright light exposure (~580 lux) as their parents. | GPT-5.1 | 324 |
Psychology_345 | Psychology | 1 | These findings could suggest a lower limit of the oscillatory mechanism, in which the cortical response is constrained by the inherent temporal structure within the neural architecture. | These findings could indicate a lower limit of the oscillatory mechanism, in which the cortical response is constrained by the inherent temporal structure within the neural architecture. | These findings could indicate a lower limit of the oscillatory mechanism, in which the cortical response is constrained by the inherent temporal structure within the neural architecture. | GPT-5.1 | 325 |
Computer_Science_easy_88 | Computer_Science | 1 | Strong majorities of younger employees (21 to 30 years old) considered checking text messages and emails, answering calls, and even writing text messages and emails as appropriate. | Finding: 'Large majorities of younger employees (21 to 30 years old) viewed checking text messages and emails, answering calls, and even composing text messages and emails as appropriate.' | 'Large majorities of younger employees (21 to 30 years old) viewed checking text messages and emails, answering calls, and even composing text messages and emails as appropriate.' | GPT-5.1 | 326 |
Psychology_602 | Psychology | 1 | If so, this would demonstrate that the dispositional attitude is an important and useful construct for attitudes research. | If so, this will demonstrate that the dispositional attitude is an important and useful construct for attitudes research. | If so, this will demonstrate that the dispositional attitude is an important and useful construct for attitudes research. | GPT-5.1 | 327 |
Psychology_197 | Psychology | 1 | 3B shows that there is a high positive correlation (r=0.524, p< 1.0×10 -30 ) between the r values for the correlation between the functional connectivity links for the whole brain and the sleep duration based on the HCP and Biobank datasets. | 3B indicates a strong positive correlation (r=0.524, p< 1.0×10 -30 ) between the r values for the correlation between the whole-brain functional connectivity links and sleep duration based on the HCP and Biobank datasets. | 3B indicates a strong positive correlation (r=0.524, p< 1.0×10 -30 ) between the r values for the correlation between the whole-brain functional connectivity links and sleep duration based on the HCP and Biobank datasets. | GPT-5.1 | 328 |
Psychology_221 | Psychology | 1 | In summary, glaucoma, AMD, and DR are associated with increased AD risk, whereas cataract is not. | In summary, glaucoma, AMD, and DR are linked to higher AD risk, whereas cataract is not. | In summary, glaucoma, AMD, and DR are linked to higher AD risk, whereas cataract is not. | GPT-5.1 | 329 |
Medicine_tweet_211 | Medicine | 1 | After adjusting for demographic information, women with a history of military service in both eras had similar patterns of elevated odds for physical abuse, household alcohol abuse, exposure to domestic violence, and emo- | After controlling for demographic information, women with a history of military service in both eras showed similar patterns of increased odds for physical abuse, household alcohol abuse, exposure to domestic violence, and emo- | After controlling for demographic information, women with a history of military service in both eras showed similar patterns of increased odds for physical abuse, household alcohol abuse, exposure to domestic violence, and emo- | GPT-5.1 | 330 |
Biology_easy_56 | Biology | 1 | Finally, in this study, we draw general inferences about gaming effects in a general way across the population as a whole. | Finally, in this study, we make broad inferences about gaming effects in an overall manner across the population as a whole. | Finally, in this study, we make broad inferences about gaming effects in an overall manner across the population as a whole. | GPT-5.1 | 331 |
Computer_Science_186 | Computer_Science | 1 | This longitudinal approach will also permit the examination of the characteristics of those who succeed at taxi driver training, and whether innate pre-training cognitive factors and/or hippocampal volume are predictive of subsequent successful qualification. | This longitudinal approach will also allow examination of the characteristics of those who succeed at taxi driver training, and whether innate pre-training cognitive factors and/or hippocampal volume predict subsequent successful qualification. | This longitudinal approach will also allow examination of the characteristics of those who succeed at taxi driver training, and whether innate pre-training cognitive factors and/or hippocampal volume predict subsequent successful qualification. | GPT-5.1 | 332 |
Psychology_601 | Psychology | 1 | Women with a depression history who also had more stressors had a higher peak triglyceride response than other participants (p ¼ .01). | Women with a history of depression who also experienced more stressors showed a higher peak triglyceride response than the other participants (p = .01). | Women with a history of depression who also experienced more stressors showed a higher peak triglyceride response than the other participants (p = .01). | GPT-5.1 | 333 |
Psychology_easy_127 | Psychology | 1 | This shows that the R-parameter very well characterizes the simulated speed profile's SNR, i.e. | This demonstrates that the R-parameter very effectively characterizes the simulated speed profile's SNR, i.e. | This demonstrates that the R-parameter very effectively characterizes the simulated speed profile's SNR, i.e. | GPT-5.1 | 334 |
Medicine_497 | Medicine | 1 | Despite the already reported high expression of Hif1a and proangiogenic genes in ASPS, we demonstrated that these tumors lack frank hypoxia. | Finding: 'Although high expression of Hif1a and proangiogenic genes in ASPS has already been reported, we demonstrated that these tumors do not exhibit frank hypoxia.' | 'Although high expression of Hif1a and proangiogenic genes in ASPS has already been reported, we demonstrated that these tumors do not exhibit frank hypoxia.' | GPT-5.1 | 335 |
Psychology_tweet_122 | Psychology | 1 | This ad was not matched to the browsing behavior or demographic responses in either of the targeted conditions; this allowed us to test the effects of participants' perceptions of being targeted while holding the advertisement constant across conditions. | Finding: 'This ad was not aligned with the browsing behavior or demographic responses in either of the targeted conditions; this enabled us to examine the effects of participants' perceptions of being targeted while keeping the advertisement constant across conditions.' | 'This ad was not aligned with the browsing behavior or demographic responses in either of the targeted conditions; this enabled us to examine the effects of participants' perceptions of being targeted while keeping the advertisement constant across conditions.' | GPT-5.1 | 336 |
Computer_Science_easy_290 | Computer_Science | 1 | That monkey showed more learning on sessions when the initial performance impairment was larger. | That monkey exhibited greater learning during sessions in which the initial performance impairment was larger. | That monkey exhibited greater learning during sessions in which the initial performance impairment was larger. | GPT-5.1 | 337 |
Medicine_546 | Medicine | 1 | The average time spent in REM was negatively correlated with SWS duration, which, in turn, can explain the negative correlation that was found for SWS duration and adaptation and for low-frequency power in the delta and theta range and adaptation. | The average time spent in REM was negatively correlated with SWS duration, which, in turn, may account for the negative correlation that was found for SWS duration and adaptation and for low-frequency power in the delta and theta range and adaptation. | The average time spent in REM was negatively correlated with SWS duration, which, in turn, may account for the negative correlation that was found for SWS duration and adaptation and for low-frequency power in the delta and theta range and adaptation. | GPT-5.1 | 338 |
Medicine_tweet_70 | Medicine | 1 | Our results suggest that gene regulation via vlincRNAs and macroRNAs could be a general theme in human cells. | Our results indicate that gene regulation via vlincRNAs and macroRNAs could represent a general theme in human cells. | Our results indicate that gene regulation via vlincRNAs and macroRNAs could represent a general theme in human cells. | GPT-5.1 | 339 |
Computer_Science_easy_293 | Computer_Science | 1 | By construction this field contains F Q (because p|q and n|2k) and it is in the range of applicability of Theorem 3. | By construction, this field includes F Q (since p|q and n|2k) and it lies within the scope of applicability of Theorem 3. | By construction, this field includes F Q (since p|q and n|2k) and it lies within the scope of applicability of Theorem 3. | GPT-5.1 | 340 |
Computer_Science_tweet_193 | Computer_Science | 1 | More interestingly, it predicts that when the number of available relationships is small, this structure is inverted, having more close relationships than acquaintances. | More interestingly, it predicts that when the number of available relationships is small, this pattern is reversed, with more close relationships than acquaintances. | More interestingly, it predicts that when the number of available relationships is small, this pattern is reversed, with more close relationships than acquaintances. | GPT-5.1 | 341 |
Computer_Science_easy_268 | Computer_Science | 1 | For monkey L, we reduced the size of the search space for the outside-manifold perturbations, thereby equalizing the size of the search space for the two perturbation types. | Finding: 'For monkey L, we narrowed the search space for the outside-manifold perturbations, thereby matching the search space size for the two perturbation types.' | 'For monkey L, we narrowed the search space for the outside-manifold perturbations, thereby matching the search space size for the two perturbation types.' | GPT-5.1 | 342 |
Psychology_210 | Psychology | 1 | The study was not specific to patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, who represented 42.6% of subjects; primary diagnoses of bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder represented 17.2% and 28.9% of subjects, respectively. | The study did not focus specifically on patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, who comprised 42.6% of subjects; primary diagnoses of bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder accounted for 17.2% and 28.9% of subjects, respectively. | The study did not focus specifically on patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, who comprised 42.6% of subjects; primary diagnoses of bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder accounted for 17.2% and 28.9% of subjects, respectively. | GPT-5.1 | 343 |
Biology_easy_363 | Biology | 1 | A blocking antibody specific to HSP90 abrogated the DM BMEC-CM-induced maturation defects (Fig. | Finding: 'An HSP90-specific blocking antibody eliminated the DM BMEC-CM-induced maturation defects (Fig.' | 'An HSP90-specific blocking antibody eliminated the DM BMEC-CM-induced maturation defects (Fig.' | GPT-5.1 | 344 |
Biology_507 | Biology | 1 | This suggests that being crepuscular is a poor strategy for volant species, perhaps because they are exposed to both diurnal and nocturnal predators, resulting in higher extrinsic mortality. | This indicates that being crepuscular is a poor strategy for volant species, possibly because they are exposed to both diurnal and nocturnal predators, resulting in higher extrinsic mortality. | This indicates that being crepuscular is a poor strategy for volant species, possibly because they are exposed to both diurnal and nocturnal predators, resulting in higher extrinsic mortality. | GPT-5.1 | 345 |
Biology_30 | Biology | 1 | However, this does not preclude the hypothesis that different fear paradigms might reveal a role of Tac2 in the amygdala in contextual fear conditioning. | However, this does not rule out the hypothesis that different fear paradigms could reveal a role of Tac2 in the amygdala in contextual fear conditioning. | However, this does not rule out the hypothesis that different fear paradigms could reveal a role of Tac2 in the amygdala in contextual fear conditioning. | GPT-5.1 | 346 |
Psychology_easy_214 | Psychology | 1 | Specifically, high women's analgesia as opposed to low analgesia was related to increased coupling between female velocity and male acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.015, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.008, 0.022]) and greater association between male velocity and female acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.019, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.010, 0.028]) i... | Specifically, compared to low analgesia, high women's analgesia was associated with increased coupling between female velocity and male acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.015, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.008, 0.022]) and a stronger association between male velocity and female acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.019, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.010, 0.... | Specifically, compared to low analgesia, high women's analgesia was associated with increased coupling between female velocity and male acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.015, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.008, 0.022]) and a stronger association between male velocity and female acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.019, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.010, 0.... | GPT-5.1 | 347 |
Computer_Science_204 | Computer_Science | 1 | They serve to alter consumer behavior in a manner that is beneficial to both the firm and customers. | They function to change consumer behavior in a way that benefits both the firm and its customers. | They function to change consumer behavior in a way that benefits both the firm and its customers. | GPT-5.1 | 348 |
Computer_Science_372 | Computer_Science | 1 | For the most part, this research indicates that using mobile devices leads to multitasking with minimal or negative impacts on individual and team productivity . | Finding: 'Overall, this research shows that using mobile devices results in multitasking with minimal or negative effects on individual and team productivity.' | 'Overall, this research shows that using mobile devices results in multitasking with minimal or negative effects on individual and team productivity.' | GPT-5.1 | 349 |
Medicine_easy_208 | Medicine | 1 | There were no sex differences in the percentage of time spent in motion ( Figure S1D ; p = 0.630), suggesting that sex differences are specific to social engagement. | Finding: 'There were no sex differences in the percentage of time spent in motion ( Figure S1D ; p = 0.630), indicating that sex differences are specific to social engagement.' | 'There were no sex differences in the percentage of time spent in motion ( Figure S1D ; p = 0.630), indicating that sex differences are specific to social engagement.' | GPT-5.1 | 350 |
Computer_Science_498 | Computer_Science | 1 | In the Echolocation experiment, however, the presence of both the lead and the lag strongly affected discrimination. | In the Echolocation experiment, however, having both the lead and the lag present had a strong effect on discrimination. | In the Echolocation experiment, however, having both the lead and the lag present had a strong effect on discrimination. | GPT-5.1 | 351 |
Computer_Science_tweet_252 | Computer_Science | 1 | Spearcons averaged 0.28 s (range = 0.14-0.46 s). | Finding: 'Spearcons had an average duration of 0.28 s (range = 0.14–0.46 s).' | 'Spearcons had an average duration of 0.28 s (range = 0.14–0.46 s).' | GPT-5.1 | 352 |
Computer_Science_easy_122 | Computer_Science | 1 | We have demonstrated the technical feasibility of this approach within a totally implanted device. | Finding: 'We have shown the technical feasibility of this approach in a fully implanted device.' | 'We have shown the technical feasibility of this approach in a fully implanted device.' | GPT-5.1 | 353 |
Computer_Science_easy_186 | Computer_Science | 1 | The first ten groups had an equal number of neural units. | Finding: 'The initial ten groups contained the same number of neural units.' | 'The initial ten groups contained the same number of neural units.' | GPT-5.1 | 354 |
Biology_522 | Biology | 1 | 1b , WG B possesses spectral characteristics equivalent to a waveguide with a smaller refractive index core, resulting in a smaller group index. | Finding: '1b, WG B has spectral characteristics equivalent to a waveguide with a lower refractive index core, leading to a smaller group index.' | '1b, WG B has spectral characteristics equivalent to a waveguide with a lower refractive index core, leading to a smaller group index.' | GPT-5.1 | 355 |
Computer_Science_tweet_240 | Computer_Science | 1 | We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. | We confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and that there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. | We confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and that there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. | GPT-5.1 | 356 |
Psychology_easy_134 | Psychology | 1 | This could also include parent-child, sibling, and best-friend interactions, in comparison to the interactions between strangers. | This could also encompass parent-child, sibling, and best-friend interactions, as opposed to interactions between strangers. | This could also encompass parent-child, sibling, and best-friend interactions, as opposed to interactions between strangers. | GPT-5.1 | 357 |
Medicine_easy_517 | Medicine | 1 | Since we do not know the value of the slope ! " | Since the value of the slope ! " is unknown to us | Since the value of the slope ! " is unknown to us | GPT-5.1 | 358 |
Biology_easy_141 | Biology | 1 | With an Arabidopsis triple mutant that is susceptible to E. necator, we found that AtNPF3.1 is up-regulated in the leaves of infected Arabidopsis similarly to VvNPF3.2 in susceptible grapevine leaves. | Using an Arabidopsis triple mutant that is susceptible to E. necator, we observed that AtNPF3.1 is up-regulated in the leaves of infected Arabidopsis, in a manner similar to VvNPF3.2 in susceptible grapevine leaves. | Using an Arabidopsis triple mutant that is susceptible to E. necator, we observed that AtNPF3.1 is up-regulated in the leaves of infected Arabidopsis, in a manner similar to VvNPF3.2 in susceptible grapevine leaves. | GPT-5.1 | 359 |
Biology_easy_53 | Biology | 1 | While the TRE-template-TBE play direct regulatory roles in sstDNA synthesis, other elements of TER in the catalytic core function in assembly, as structural scaffolds or as linkers. | Although the TRE-template-TBE have direct regulatory roles in sstDNA synthesis, other TER elements in the catalytic core function in assembly, serving as structural scaffolds or as linkers. | Although the TRE-template-TBE have direct regulatory roles in sstDNA synthesis, other TER elements in the catalytic core function in assembly, serving as structural scaffolds or as linkers. | GPT-5.1 | 360 |
Psychology_128 | Psychology | 1 | [17] Regardless of the precise nature of the mechanisms linking parental age and the risk for mental disorders in the offspring, an informed public health debate on these matters requires a solid empirical foundation. | Finding: '[17] Whatever the exact nature of the mechanisms connecting parental age and the risk for mental disorders in offspring, a well-informed public health debate on these issues requires a strong empirical basis.' | '[17] Whatever the exact nature of the mechanisms connecting parental age and the risk for mental disorders in offspring, a well-informed public health debate on these issues requires a strong empirical basis.' | GPT-5.1 | 362 |
Medicine_516 | Medicine | 1 | Planned comparisons revealed that in the morning-encoding condition, the false memory rate was significantly higher in the sleep-deprived group than in the rested group, t(51) = 2.01, p = .04 (two-tailed), Cohen's d = 0.56. | Finding: 'Planned comparisons showed that in the morning-encoding condition, the false memory rate was significantly higher in the sleep-deprived group than in the rested group, t(51) = 2.01, p = .04 (two-tailed), Cohen's d = 0.56.' | 'Planned comparisons showed that in the morning-encoding condition, the false memory rate was significantly higher in the sleep-deprived group than in the rested group, t(51) = 2.01, p = .04 (two-tailed), Cohen's d = 0.56.' | GPT-5.1 | 363 |
Computer_Science_496 | Computer_Science | 1 | As previously described , the model can display "healthy" or "epileptiform" rhythms depending upon its parametrisation and the nature of its input, I ex (see Eq. | As described earlier, the model is able to exhibit "healthy" or "epileptiform" rhythms depending on its parametrisation and the nature of its input, i.e. (see Eq.). | As described earlier, the model is able to exhibit "healthy" or "epileptiform" rhythms depending on its parametrisation and the nature of its input, i.e. (see Eq.). | GPT-5.1 | 364 |
Medicine_284 | Medicine | 1 | Most individuals (∼98%) have a value of µ > 0, meaning that their circles show the standard structure (Fig. | Finding: 'The majority of individuals (∼98%) have a value of µ > 0, indicating that their circles exhibit the standard structure (Fig.' | 'The majority of individuals (∼98%) have a value of µ > 0, indicating that their circles exhibit the standard structure (Fig.' | GPT-5.1 | 366 |
Medicine_603 | Medicine | 1 | Whilst the task did not involve tool making, we assume that any social learning mechanism found to play a role in the acquisition of novel foraging behavior is also likely to play a role in the acquisition of tool-making behavior. | Whilst the task did not involve tool making, we take it that any social learning mechanism found to play a role in the acquisition of novel foraging behavior is also expected to play a role in the acquisition of tool-making behavior. | Whilst the task did not involve tool making, we take it that any social learning mechanism found to play a role in the acquisition of novel foraging behavior is also expected to play a role in the acquisition of tool-making behavior. | GPT-5.1 | 367 |
Biology_easy_331 | Biology | 1 | As the damping g is less than the frequency o 0 , this implies that the vibrational mode involves an underdamped oscillator. | Finding: 'Since the damping g is smaller than the frequency o₀, this means that the vibrational mode corresponds to an underdamped oscillator.' | 'Since the damping g is smaller than the frequency o₀, this means that the vibrational mode corresponds to an underdamped oscillator.' | GPT-5.1 | 368 |
Medicine_339 | Medicine | 1 | The observations probe a physical scale of~1 kiloparsec, smaller than is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing. | The observations investigate a physical scale of ~1 kiloparsec, which is smaller than what is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing. | The observations investigate a physical scale of ~1 kiloparsec, which is smaller than what is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing. | GPT-5.1 | 369 |
Medicine_easy_286 | Medicine | 1 | Microtubules grew outward radially within each aster. | Finding: 'Within each aster, microtubules extended outward in a radial pattern.' | 'Within each aster, microtubules extended outward in a radial pattern.' | GPT-5.1 | 370 |
Computer_Science_271 | Computer_Science | 1 | use BTS data on 10 major airlines in the 1995-2001 period on Fridays on the 1,000 busiest routes, and find that multimarket contact has a positive effect on arrival delays, causing delays on the ground, more in the form of gate departure delays rather than time spent on the runway. | Finding: 'using BTS data on 10 major airlines for the 1995-2001 period on Fridays on the 1,000 busiest routes, and finding that multimarket contact exerts a positive effect on arrival delays, producing delays on the ground, primarily as gate departure delays rather than time spent on the runway.' | 'using BTS data on 10 major airlines for the 1995-2001 period on Fridays on the 1,000 busiest routes, and finding that multimarket contact exerts a positive effect on arrival delays, producing delays on the ground, primarily as gate departure delays rather than time spent on the runway.' | GPT-5.1 | 371 |
Biology_tweet_217 | Biology | 1 | Monarch populations in Spring South significantly predict those in the Midwest. | Finding: 'Monarch populations in the Spring South strongly forecast those in the Midwest.' | 'Monarch populations in the Spring South strongly forecast those in the Midwest.' | GPT-5.1 | 372 |
Psychology_266 | Psychology | 1 | In the FE model for the German data, we also observe an increase in happiness two to three years before the birth. | In the FE model for the German data, we likewise see a rise in happiness two to three years prior to the birth. | In the FE model for the German data, we likewise see a rise in happiness two to three years prior to the birth. | GPT-5.1 | 373 |
Medicine_easy_559 | Medicine | 1 | 12b ), we could show that silica-induced activation of the STING pathway, including STING dimerization and phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, was partly reduced after knockdown of IFI204 and more importantly after DDX41 knockdown ( Supplementary Fig. | Finding: '12b ), we were able to show that silica-induced activation of the STING pathway, including STING dimerization and phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, was partly reduced after knockdown of IFI204 and, more importantly, after DDX41 knockdown ( Supplementary Fig.' | '12b ), we were able to show that silica-induced activation of the STING pathway, including STING dimerization and phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, was partly reduced after knockdown of IFI204 and, more importantly, after DDX41 knockdown ( Supplementary Fig.' | GPT-5.1 | 374 |
Biology_easy_196 | Biology | 1 | This changing sample from one wave to the next seriously limits our ability to analyse the dynamics of subjective well-being. | This shifting sample from one wave to the next seriously constrains our ability to analyse the dynamics of subjective well-being. | This shifting sample from one wave to the next seriously constrains our ability to analyse the dynamics of subjective well-being. | GPT-5.1 | 375 |
Computer_Science_easy_175 | Computer_Science | 1 | In addition, the users that used the HMD first and then moved to a traditional desktop had better performance than those who used the desktop first and then the HMD. | In addition, users who started with the HMD and then switched to a traditional desktop performed better than those who began with the desktop and then used the HMD. | In addition, users who started with the HMD and then switched to a traditional desktop performed better than those who began with the desktop and then used the HMD. | GPT-5.1 | 376 |
Medicine_easy_314 | Medicine | 1 | They argue that two populations separated by a region outside the climatic niche envelope of the two populations makes current gene flow unlikely and thus supports both populations being considered separate species. | They argue that two populations divided by a region outside the climatic niche envelope of both populations renders current gene flow improbable and thus supports treating both populations as separate species. | They argue that two populations divided by a region outside the climatic niche envelope of both populations renders current gene flow improbable and thus supports treating both populations as separate species. | GPT-5.1 | 377 |
Biology_easy_603 | Biology | 1 | Overall, the unique hierarchical structure of GB enables its uniform coating over micrometersize NCM powder at the minimal content ( Fig. | Overall, the distinctive hierarchical structure of GB allows its uniform coating on micrometer-sized NCM powder with minimal content (Fig.). | Overall, the distinctive hierarchical structure of GB allows its uniform coating on micrometer-sized NCM powder with minimal content (Fig.). | GPT-5.1 | 378 |
Psychology_527 | Psychology | 1 | This should have led to the interpretation of the second question as referring to weekend by those not working. | This should have resulted in those not working interpreting the second question as referring to the weekend. | This should have resulted in those not working interpreting the second question as referring to the weekend. | GPT-5.1 | 379 |
Psychology_tweet_213 | Psychology | 1 | Therefore, dogs must have adapted their searching behavior to increase their chance of success. | Therefore, dogs must have adjusted their searching behavior to boost their likelihood of success. | Therefore, dogs must have adjusted their searching behavior to boost their likelihood of success. | GPT-5.1 | 380 |
Computer_Science_tweet_105 | Computer_Science | 1 | Remarkably, this representation qualifies for a multi-scale characterization of electropermeabilization. | Remarkably, this representation meets the criteria for a multi-scale characterization of electropermeabilization. | Remarkably, this representation meets the criteria for a multi-scale characterization of electropermeabilization. | GPT-5.1 | 381 |
Psychology_tweet_222 | Psychology | 1 | This remains a priority for future research that seeks to model the relationship between early adversity and genetic risk in contribution to social cognitive development. | This continues to be a priority for future research aiming to model how early adversity and genetic risk contribute to social cognitive development. | This continues to be a priority for future research aiming to model how early adversity and genetic risk contribute to social cognitive development. | GPT-5.1 | 382 |
Computer_Science_easy_45 | Computer_Science | 1 | The agent must somehow know that its sensor is at the same spatial position independently of what objects are around and what are the positions of the other sensors. | The agent must in some way know that its sensor is in the same spatial position regardless of which objects are present and where the other sensors are located. | The agent must in some way know that its sensor is in the same spatial position regardless of which objects are present and where the other sensors are located. | GPT-5.1 | 383 |
Psychology_easy_602 | Psychology | 1 | The test for dependence of judgments and incumbency status was not significant [ 2 (2) ϭ 1.95, P ϭ 0.38] (see Table 2 for the relevant proportions). | Finding: 'The test for dependence between judgments and incumbency status was nonsignificant [χ²(2) = 1.95, p = 0.38] (see Table 2 for the corresponding proportions).' | 'The test for dependence between judgments and incumbency status was nonsignificant [χ²(2) = 1.95, p = 0.38] (see Table 2 for the corresponding proportions).' | GPT-5.1 | 384 |
Medicine_easy_239 | Medicine | 1 | Interestingly, non-computer users still have a broad generalization as their generalization is significantly larger than zero even at the largest angular separation of 180 (30.0% 6 6.9%; p < 0.001, one-sample t test). | Interestingly, non-computer users still show a broad generalization, as their generalization remains significantly above zero even at the largest angular separation of 180 (30.0% ± 6.9%; p < 0.001, one-sample t test). | Interestingly, non-computer users still show a broad generalization, as their generalization remains significantly above zero even at the largest angular separation of 180 (30.0% ± 6.9%; p < 0.001, one-sample t test). | GPT-5.1 | 385 |
Biology_520 | Biology | 1 | Estradiol may increase blood flow to blood vessels close to the surface of the skin, increasing skin redness . | Finding: 'Estradiol can increase blood flow to blood vessels close to the surface of the skin, increasing skin redness .' | 'Estradiol can increase blood flow to blood vessels close to the surface of the skin, increasing skin redness .' | GPT-5.1 | 386 |
Computer_Science_559 | Computer_Science | 1 | We showed that the results from these distinct data analysis methods happen to agree very well. | Finding: 'We showed that the results from these distinct data analysis methods turn out to agree very well.' | 'We showed that the results from these distinct data analysis methods turn out to agree very well.' | GPT-5.1 | 387 |
Medicine_tweet_286 | Medicine | 1 | Finally, higher levels of distress (β = À0.31) and fatigue (β = À0.18) were associated with lower Frequency of Forgetting scores which is indicative of greater SMI. | Finally, greater distress (β = À0.31) and fatigue (β = À0.18) were linked to lower Frequency of Forgetting scores, which indicates greater SMI. | Finally, greater distress (β = À0.31) and fatigue (β = À0.18) were linked to lower Frequency of Forgetting scores, which indicates greater SMI. | GPT-5.1 | 388 |
Psychology_easy_33 | Psychology | 1 | Moreover, tactile-induced analgesia 66 correlates with activations in brain areas related to multimodal neural activity 67 and emotional processes . | Moreover, tactile-induced analgesia 66 is associated with activations in brain areas involved in multimodal neural activity 67 and emotional processes. | Moreover, tactile-induced analgesia 66 is associated with activations in brain areas involved in multimodal neural activity 67 and emotional processes. | GPT-5.1 | 389 |
Medicine_easy_216 | Medicine | 1 | D. Western analysis shows reduction in SMN expression at PS7 and especially at PS30. | Finding: 'D. Western blot analysis indicates reduced SMN expression at PS7 and particularly at PS30.' | 'D. Western blot analysis indicates reduced SMN expression at PS7 and particularly at PS30.' | GPT-5.1 | 390 |
Biology_easy_501 | Biology | 1 | Above the Curie temperature, the metamagnetic jumps observed in the isothermal measurements indicate nearly fully reversible magnetic field-induced PM↔FM transitions with a nearly negligible (≤0.1 T) magnetic hysteresis, in line with the extremely narrow thermal hysteresis. | Finding: 'Above the Curie temperature, the metamagnetic jumps observed in the isothermal measurements point to nearly fully reversible magnetic field-induced PM↔FM transitions with a nearly negligible (≤0.1 T) magnetic hysteresis, consistent with the extremely narrow thermal hysteresis.' | 'Above the Curie temperature, the metamagnetic jumps observed in the isothermal measurements point to nearly fully reversible magnetic field-induced PM↔FM transitions with a nearly negligible (≤0.1 T) magnetic hysteresis, consistent with the extremely narrow thermal hysteresis.' | GPT-5.1 | 391 |
Biology_462 | Biology | 1 | This suggests that Ngb-H64Q-CCC will be a much more effective treatment for CO poisoning than is oxygen therapy in humans. | This indicates that Ngb-H64Q-CCC will be a much more effective treatment for CO poisoning than oxygen therapy in humans. | This indicates that Ngb-H64Q-CCC will be a much more effective treatment for CO poisoning than oxygen therapy in humans. | GPT-5.1 | 392 |
Psychology_544 | Psychology | 1 | Comparing these different classifiers based on area under the curve (AUC) values, we find that the multimodal combination of clinical intake measures plus left hemisphere superior temporal cortex activation outperformed all other classifiers (AUC = 81). | Finding: 'When comparing these classifiers using area under the curve (AUC) values, we found that the multimodal combination of clinical intake measures and left hemisphere superior temporal cortex activation performed better than all other classifiers (AUC = 81).' | 'When comparing these classifiers using area under the curve (AUC) values, we found that the multimodal combination of clinical intake measures and left hemisphere superior temporal cortex activation performed better than all other classifiers (AUC = 81).' | GPT-5.1 | 393 |
Medicine_easy_171 | Medicine | 1 | The effects of fuel prices provide supporting evidence. | Finding: 'The impact of fuel prices offers corroborating evidence.' | 'The impact of fuel prices offers corroborating evidence.' | GPT-5.1 | 394 |
Biology_easy_386 | Biology | 1 | We also limited our study to resistance at the target site, even though trans resistance might be common. | We also restricted our study to resistance at the target site, even though trans resistance could be common. | We also restricted our study to resistance at the target site, even though trans resistance could be common. | GPT-5.1 | 395 |
Medicine_easy_335 | Medicine | 1 | Similar to previous results with wild-type cells , we consistently observed that in adf1-6 cells, the remaining flagellum resorbed during the initial phase of regrowth of the shed flagellum ( Figure 2E ). | Finding: 'Consistent with previous results using wild-type cells, we repeatedly observed that in adf1-6 cells, the remaining flagellum resorbed during the initial phase of regrowth of the shed flagellum (Figure 2E).' | 'Consistent with previous results using wild-type cells, we repeatedly observed that in adf1-6 cells, the remaining flagellum resorbed during the initial phase of regrowth of the shed flagellum (Figure 2E).' | GPT-5.1 | 396 |
Biology_145 | Biology | 1 | MRN senses and binds to early replicating virus genomes where it recruits ATM and activates a localized signaling response that selectively prevents virus genome replication. | Finding: 'MRN detects and binds to early replicating virus genomes, where it recruits ATM and triggers a localized signaling response that specifically blocks virus genome replication.' | 'MRN detects and binds to early replicating virus genomes, where it recruits ATM and triggers a localized signaling response that specifically blocks virus genome replication.' | GPT-5.1 | 397 |
Computer_Science_169 | Computer_Science | 1 | Other directions of future studies could include elements in the architecture of the virtual memory palaces such as their design, the visual saliency of the structure of model , their type, and various kinds of layouts and distribution of content that could help with recall. | Other possible directions for future studies include elements in the architecture of virtual memory palaces such as their design, the visual saliency of the model’s structure, their type, and various kinds of layouts and content distribution that could help with recall. | Other possible directions for future studies include elements in the architecture of virtual memory palaces such as their design, the visual saliency of the model’s structure, their type, and various kinds of layouts and content distribution that could help with recall. | GPT-5.1 | 398 |
Biology_tweet_220 | Biology | 1 | Therefore, we suggest that the acute topological problem introduced by replication is primarily dealt with by gyrase enzymes performing processive catalysis to remove (+) supercoils ahead of replication, possibly at a higher rate than 1 supercoil/s, and we speculate that when gyrase fails to remove sufficient (+) super... | Therefore, we propose that the acute topological problem introduced by replication is primarily dealt with by gyrase enzymes performing processive catalysis to remove (+) supercoils ahead of replication, potentially at a rate higher than 1 supercoil/s, and we hypothesize that when gyrase fails to remove sufficient (+) ... | Therefore, we propose that the acute topological problem introduced by replication is primarily dealt with by gyrase enzymes performing processive catalysis to remove (+) supercoils ahead of replication, potentially at a rate higher than 1 supercoil/s, and we hypothesize that when gyrase fails to remove sufficient (+) ... | GPT-5.1 | 399 |
Psychology_145 | Psychology | 1 | Moreover, the inverse relation between self-distancing and emotional reactivity strengthened with age. | Furthermore, the inverse correlation between self-distancing and emotional reactivity grew stronger as age increased. | Furthermore, the inverse correlation between self-distancing and emotional reactivity grew stronger as age increased. | Gemini-3.1 | 0 |
Psychology_233 | Psychology | 1 | Consistent with the known developmental trajectory of the cortical onset response, there was an increase in the difference between N1 and P1 from year 1 to year 4 for the music group [t(16) = 2.22, P = 0.041, partial eta squared = 0.24]. | In line with the established developmental trajectory of the cortical onset response, the difference between N1 and P1 increased from year 1 to year 4 for the music group [t(16) = 2.22, P = 0.041, partial eta squared = 0.24]. | In line with the established developmental trajectory of the cortical onset response, the difference between N1 and P1 increased from year 1 to year 4 for the music group [t(16) = 2.22, P = 0.041, partial eta squared = 0.24]. | Gemini-3.1 | 1 |
Psychology_417 | Psychology | 1 | Thus, selfie-takers departed further from the external raters' objective perceptions of attractiveness than the non-selfie-takers did but only for impressions of their selfies (see Figure 1) . | Consequently, selfie-takers deviated more from the objective attractiveness ratings provided by external observers than non-selfie-takers did, though this held true exclusively for impressions of their selfies (see Figure 1). | Consequently, selfie-takers deviated more from the objective attractiveness ratings provided by external observers than non-selfie-takers did, though this held true exclusively for impressions of their selfies (see Figure 1). | Gemini-3.1 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.