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Psychology_90 | Psychology | 1 | Even almost a decade later, however, social status concerns continued to play a key role in the lives of these individuals as adults, as they found themselves more likely to perceive that their romantic partners were ending relationships with them based upon their own lack of social status. | Even nearly ten years afterward, social status concerns remained a primary factor in these individuals' adult lives, as they were more prone to sense that their romantic partners were terminating relationships due to their perceived deficiency in social status. | Even nearly ten years afterward, social status concerns remained a primary factor in these individuals' adult lives, as they were more prone to sense that their romantic partners were terminating relationships due to their perceived deficiency in social status. | Gemini-3.1 | 3 |
Medicine_563 | Medicine | 1 | Methodologically, the flexibility that was offered by the close interest demonstrated by the firefighters permitted the first author to ask a wide range of questions for understanding workplace eating in broader organizational contexts. | Methodologically, the flexibility provided by the firefighters' keen interest allowed the first author to pose a broad array of questions to understand workplace eating within wider organizational contexts. | Methodologically, the flexibility provided by the firefighters' keen interest allowed the first author to pose a broad array of questions to understand workplace eating within wider organizational contexts. | Gemini-3.1 | 4 |
Medicine_159 | Medicine | 1 | On a policy level, these aspects can appear as competing priorities between wildlife conservation, sustainable use, food safety, food security, and cultural aspects. | At a policy level, these factors manifest as competing priorities among wildlife conservation, sustainable use, food safety, food security, and cultural considerations. | At a policy level, these factors manifest as competing priorities among wildlife conservation, sustainable use, food safety, food security, and cultural considerations. | Gemini-3.1 | 5 |
Psychology_603 | Psychology | 1 | This study offers a partial explanation for the mechanism behind a widespread, durable phenomenon with implications for a broad segment of the population. | This research provides an incomplete account of the mechanism underlying a pervasive, lasting phenomenon that affects a wide portion of the population. | This research provides an incomplete account of the mechanism underlying a pervasive, lasting phenomenon that affects a wide portion of the population. | Gemini-3.1 | 6 |
Biology_easy_142 | Biology | 1 | Thus, the assumption of rate constancy through time means that extensive morphological and molecular divergences between the primary arthropod groups must be accommodated on chronologically long branches, leading to very early basal divergences inconsistent with the fossil record. | Consequently, assuming rate constancy over time requires that significant morphological and molecular differences among the main arthropod lineages be placed on chronologically extended branches, resulting in basal divergences so ancient that they conflict with the fossil record. | Consequently, assuming rate constancy over time requires that significant morphological and molecular differences among the main arthropod lineages be placed on chronologically extended branches, resulting in basal divergences so ancient that they conflict with the fossil record. | Gemini-3.1 | 7 |
Psychology_tweet_160 | Psychology | 1 | Future research would benefit by including corroborating reports (eg, by parents) and/or a more comprehensive measure of corporal punishment. | Future research could be improved by incorporating corroborating reports (e.g., from parents) and/or a more comprehensive measure of corporal punishment. | Future research could be improved by incorporating corroborating reports (e.g., from parents) and/or a more comprehensive measure of corporal punishment. | Gemini-3.1 | 8 |
Medicine_398 | Medicine | 1 | As hippocampal volume is known to be reduced in major depression , and reduced hippocampal volume is thought to be a risk factor in PTSD , these data would suggest that polymorphisms in the CNR1 gene that result in greater CB1 receptor activity may result in increased hippocampal volume and thus provide a neural substr... | Given that hippocampal volume is established as reduced in major depression, and smaller hippocampal volume is considered a risk factor for PTSD, these data imply that CNR1 gene polymorphisms resulting in greater CB1 receptor activity could lead to increased hippocampal volume, thereby providing a neural substrate that... | Given that hippocampal volume is established as reduced in major depression, and smaller hippocampal volume is considered a risk factor for PTSD, these data imply that CNR1 gene polymorphisms resulting in greater CB1 receptor activity could lead to increased hippocampal volume, thereby providing a neural substrate that... | Gemini-3.1 | 9 |
Computer_Science_easy_222 | Computer_Science | 1 | These results are summarized in table 1, where the last column omits small prime factors below q 2 . | Table 1 summarizes these results, with the final column excluding small prime factors less than q 2. | Table 1 summarizes these results, with the final column excluding small prime factors less than q 2. | Gemini-3.1 | 10 |
Psychology_tweet_107 | Psychology | 1 | But the eradication of fear requires wider social responsibility for violence. | However, eliminating fear necessitates a broader social accountability for violence. | However, eliminating fear necessitates a broader social accountability for violence. | Gemini-3.1 | 11 |
Biology_easy_122 | Biology | 1 | These lines ultimately lead toward convergence points that represent a stable resting state of the system. | These lines eventually move toward convergence points, which constitute a stable resting state for the system. | These lines eventually move toward convergence points, which constitute a stable resting state for the system. | Gemini-3.1 | 12 |
Biology_538 | Biology | 1 | Similarly, the various BAII models, which argue for no clear phylogenetic signal, are also rejected by the results of our analyses. | Likewise, the diverse BAII models, which contend that there is no distinct phylogenetic signal, are also refuted by our analytical results. | Likewise, the diverse BAII models, which contend that there is no distinct phylogenetic signal, are also refuted by our analytical results. | Gemini-3.1 | 13 |
Medicine_547 | Medicine | 1 | Thus, during extinction, adolescent VTA neurons maintained a strong phasic response to a cue previously predictive of reward availability. | Therefore, throughout extinction, adolescent VTA neurons preserved a robust phasic response to a cue that had previously signaled reward availability. | Therefore, throughout extinction, adolescent VTA neurons preserved a robust phasic response to a cue that had previously signaled reward availability. | Gemini-3.1 | 14 |
Medicine_easy_597 | Medicine | 1 | These examples demonstrate that some introns significantly boost expression, even in the absence of prior promoter activity. | These examples show that certain introns notably increase expression, even when no prior promoter activity exists. | These examples show that certain introns notably increase expression, even when no prior promoter activity exists. | Gemini-3.1 | 15 |
Biology_easy_274 | Biology | 1 | Therefore, the reduction in IGF1 and IGFALS would account for the observed low levels of circulating IGF1 (Fig 5; Sjogren et al, 1999) . | Thus, the decrease in IGF1 and IGFALS explains the observed low levels of circulating IGF1 (Fig 5; Sjogren et al, 1999). | Thus, the decrease in IGF1 and IGFALS explains the observed low levels of circulating IGF1 (Fig 5; Sjogren et al, 1999). | Gemini-3.1 | 16 |
Medicine_551 | Medicine | 1 | Additionally, by fitting these behavioral RT data with a logarithmic function to model the rate of improvement (9), we found that anodal tDCS significantly increased the rate parameters of RT speeding (F 1,17 = 5.097, P = 0.037). | Furthermore, by modeling the rate of improvement (9) through fitting these behavioral RT data with a logarithmic function, we observed that anodal tDCS significantly increased the rate parameters of RT speeding (F 1,17 = 5.097, P = 0.037). | Furthermore, by modeling the rate of improvement (9) through fitting these behavioral RT data with a logarithmic function, we observed that anodal tDCS significantly increased the rate parameters of RT speeding (F 1,17 = 5.097, P = 0.037). | Gemini-3.1 | 17 |
Psychology_easy_119 | Psychology | 1 | 2 and 15), suggest a generalization: cortical low-frequency oscillations track auditory inputs, entraining to incoming acoustic events, thereby chunking the auditory signal into elementary units for further decoding. | Finding: '2 and 15), imply a generalization: cortical low-frequency oscillations follow auditory inputs, entraining to incoming acoustic events, thereby chunking the auditory signal into elementary units for further decoding. | '2 and 15), imply a generalization: cortical low-frequency oscillations follow auditory inputs, entraining to incoming acoustic events, thereby chunking the auditory signal into elementary units for further decoding. | Gemini-3.1 | 18 |
Biology_easy_237 | Biology | 1 | Depletion of Kif4A did not block CPC accumulation or the assembly of antiparallel bundles, but increased the width of the CPC-positive zone; adding back recombinant Kif4A rescued this phenotype ( Fig. | Depletion of Kif4A failed to block CPC accumulation or the assembly of antiparallel bundles, but widened the CPC-positive zone; the addition of recombinant Kif4A reversed this phenotype (Fig. | Depletion of Kif4A failed to block CPC accumulation or the assembly of antiparallel bundles, but widened the CPC-positive zone; the addition of recombinant Kif4A reversed this phenotype (Fig. | Gemini-3.1 | 19 |
Medicine_easy_345 | Medicine | 1 | Effective and relatively safe alternative options to vitamin K antagonist or no treatment were developing. | Effective and comparatively safe alternatives to vitamin K antagonists or no treatment were in development. | Effective and comparatively safe alternatives to vitamin K antagonists or no treatment were in development. | Gemini-3.1 | 20 |
Medicine_easy_510 | Medicine | 1 | The same limitation of studies on EMI by mobile phones, generalization of demonstrated EMI incidents, applies to the present study on RFID. | The same constraint regarding studies on mobile phone EMI, specifically the generalization of observed EMI events, is applicable to this research on RFID. | The same constraint regarding studies on mobile phone EMI, specifically the generalization of observed EMI events, is applicable to this research on RFID. | Gemini-3.1 | 21 |
Computer_Science_76 | Computer_Science | 1 | In the macroscopic case, the notion of how cyclic a process is, has not been deemed important -it was assumed that it was enough to take the initial and final state of the heat engine as being close to the same macroscopic state. | In the macroscopic case, the concept of a process's cyclicity has been considered unimportant; it was presumed sufficient to treat the heat engine's initial and final states as nearly identical macroscopic states. | In the macroscopic case, the concept of a process's cyclicity has been considered unimportant; it was presumed sufficient to treat the heat engine's initial and final states as nearly identical macroscopic states. | Gemini-3.1 | 22 |
Psychology_195 | Psychology | 1 | behaviors predict far greater future risk than has heretofore been recognized. | These behaviors indicate a significantly higher future risk than has been acknowledged until now. | These behaviors indicate a significantly higher future risk than has been acknowledged until now. | Gemini-3.1 | 23 |
Computer_Science_easy_201 | Computer_Science | 1 | The first and most basic property of those laws is an invariance: space does not depend on the particular environment, nor on the particular posture of the agent. | The primary and fundamental characteristic of those laws is an invariance: space is independent of the specific environment or the agent's particular posture. | The primary and fundamental characteristic of those laws is an invariance: space is independent of the specific environment or the agent's particular posture. | Gemini-3.1 | 24 |
Psychology_easy_41 | Psychology | 1 | This may diminish the differences in the well-being trajectories in Germany between the partnered and unpartnered when compared with the difference in Britain. | This could reduce the disparities in well-being trajectories between partnered and unpartnered individuals in Germany relative to the difference observed in Britain. | This could reduce the disparities in well-being trajectories between partnered and unpartnered individuals in Germany relative to the difference observed in Britain. | Gemini-3.1 | 25 |
Medicine_easy_293 | Medicine | 1 | The LSPR peak energy of the clusters saturates to a value of 1.06 eV on prolonged oxidation, only marginally higher than the saturation peak energy of 0.99 eV for the 6 nm Cu 2 Se NCs and the value of 1 eV from Manna and coworkers . | The LSPR peak energy of the clusters reaches a saturation point of 1.06 eV upon prolonged oxidation, a value only slightly above the 0.99 eV saturation peak energy for the 6 nm Cu 2 Se NCs and the 1 eV figure reported by Manna and colleagues. | The LSPR peak energy of the clusters reaches a saturation point of 1.06 eV upon prolonged oxidation, a value only slightly above the 0.99 eV saturation peak energy for the 6 nm Cu 2 Se NCs and the 1 eV figure reported by Manna and colleagues. | Gemini-3.1 | 26 |
Psychology_314 | Psychology | 1 | Instead, the data support the view that hippocampal overactivity contributes to symptomatic impairment in the MCI phase of disease (for review see Ewers et al., 2011) . | Conversely, the data bolster the perspective that hippocampal overactivity plays a role in symptomatic impairment during the MCI stage of the disease (for review see Ewers et al., 2011). | Conversely, the data bolster the perspective that hippocampal overactivity plays a role in symptomatic impairment during the MCI stage of the disease (for review see Ewers et al., 2011). | Gemini-3.1 | 27 |
Biology_328 | Biology | 1 | Much of the bifidobacterial abundance difference between the two secretor status milk phenotypes appears to come from variation in the time at which each infant transitions from possessing a Low-Bif qPCR ' gut community to possessing a High-Bif qPCR gut community. | Much of the difference in bifidobacterial abundance between the two secretor status milk phenotypes seems to stem from variation in the time at which each infant transitions from a Low-Bif qPCR gut community to a High-Bif qPCR gut community. | Much of the difference in bifidobacterial abundance between the two secretor status milk phenotypes seems to stem from variation in the time at which each infant transitions from a Low-Bif qPCR gut community to a High-Bif qPCR gut community. | Gemini-3.1 | 28 |
Medicine_345 | Medicine | 1 | In this study, we identified a connection between IL-2-and aKGsensitive metabolic states with CTCF binding dynamics, genome organization, and gene programming events in CD4 + Th1 cells. | In this study, we discovered a link between IL-2-and aKG-sensitive metabolic states and CTCF binding dynamics, genome organization, and gene programming events in CD4+ Th1 cells. | In this study, we discovered a link between IL-2-and aKG-sensitive metabolic states and CTCF binding dynamics, genome organization, and gene programming events in CD4+ Th1 cells. | Gemini-3.1 | 29 |
Biology_easy_223 | Biology | 1 | However, I s does not include information on permafrost thaw or other potential hazard-inducing factors and in our study, I s was based on relatively coarse-scaled GIC data. | However, I s lacks data regarding permafrost thaw or other factors that could induce hazards, and our study relied on relatively coarse-scaled GIC data for I s. | However, I s lacks data regarding permafrost thaw or other factors that could induce hazards, and our study relied on relatively coarse-scaled GIC data for I s. | Gemini-3.1 | 30 |
Biology_easy_584 | Biology | 1 | One hamster reached criterion on the first day in Phase C (day 16). | A single hamster met the criterion on day 16, which was the first day of Phase C. | A single hamster met the criterion on day 16, which was the first day of Phase C. | Gemini-3.1 | 31 |
Computer_Science_214 | Computer_Science | 1 | 2) , indicating that they could learn new associations between natural co-modulation patterns and cursor kinematics. | 2) , which shows they were able to learn new associations between natural co-modulation patterns and cursor kinematics. | 2) , which shows they were able to learn new associations between natural co-modulation patterns and cursor kinematics. | Gemini-3.1 | 32 |
Medicine_easy_164 | Medicine | 1 | These findings suggested the importance of liver pathogenesis in SMA. | These results indicated the significance of liver pathogenesis in SMA. | These results indicated the significance of liver pathogenesis in SMA. | Gemini-3.1 | 33 |
Psychology_196 | Psychology | 1 | We identify how behavioral targeting is distinct from traditional forms of targeting and empirically demonstrate the conditions under which these characteristics prompt unique psychological consequences for consumers. | We determine how behavioral targeting differs from traditional targeting methods and provide empirical evidence for the conditions under which these traits trigger distinct psychological outcomes for consumers. | We determine how behavioral targeting differs from traditional targeting methods and provide empirical evidence for the conditions under which these traits trigger distinct psychological outcomes for consumers. | Gemini-3.1 | 34 |
Psychology_tweet_157 | Psychology | 1 | This regression modeling yielded two comprehensive maps of effect of age and effect of ADHD, respectively. | This regression analysis produced two detailed maps representing the effect of age and the effect of ADHD, in that order. | This regression analysis produced two detailed maps representing the effect of age and the effect of ADHD, in that order. | Gemini-3.1 | 36 |
Biology_285 | Biology | 1 | We believe the current work is the second study in the area to set the number of observations based on an a priori power analysis , and the first to specify a minimum effect size of theoretical interest. | We hold the view that the current work is the second study in the field to determine the number of observations using an a priori power analysis, and the first to define a minimum effect size of theoretical interest. | We hold the view that the current work is the second study in the field to determine the number of observations using an a priori power analysis, and the first to define a minimum effect size of theoretical interest. | Gemini-3.1 | 37 |
Biology_383 | Biology | 1 | All ZFN+donor groups exhibited dose-dependent IDS activity levels in the liver at 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/ hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Fi... | At 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B) post-treatment, all ZFN+donor groups showed dose-dependent IDS activity... | At 1 month (mean values of 265, 1,756, and 2,479 nmol/hr/mg for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3A) and 4 months (519, 1,696, and 5,355 nmol/hr/mg protein for the low-, mid-, and high-dose groups, respectively; Figure 3B) post-treatment, all ZFN+donor groups showed dose-dependent IDS activity... | Gemini-3.1 | 38 |
Psychology_579 | Psychology | 1 | In one study, for instance, people's ratings of the environment were affected by the music that was playing in the background . | For example, one study found that the music playing in the background influenced how people rated the environment. | For example, one study found that the music playing in the background influenced how people rated the environment. | Gemini-3.1 | 39 |
Computer_Science_tweet_267 | Computer_Science | 1 | Typically, individuals show better subsequent memory for items encoded with regard to the self, compared to other encoding conditions; this memory advantage is associated with mPFC activation. | Generally, people demonstrate superior later recall for items processed in relation to the self versus other encoding scenarios; this mnemonic benefit correlates with mPFC activity. | Generally, people demonstrate superior later recall for items processed in relation to the self versus other encoding scenarios; this mnemonic benefit correlates with mPFC activity. | Gemini-3.1 | 40 |
Computer_Science_easy_387 | Computer_Science | 1 | It thus does not fit our definition. | Consequently, it fails to align with our definition. | Consequently, it fails to align with our definition. | Gemini-3.1 | 41 |
Medicine_61 | Medicine | 1 | In highly simplified agricultural regions that are dominated by one or a couple of crops, county-level cropland may serve as an appropriate metric for intensification. | In agricultural regions characterized by high simplification and dominance of one or a few crops, county-level cropland could function as a suitable metric for intensification. | In agricultural regions characterized by high simplification and dominance of one or a few crops, county-level cropland could function as a suitable metric for intensification. | Gemini-3.1 | 42 |
Biology_419 | Biology | 1 | We acknowledge that present-day emissions associated with abrupt thaw may be conservative since gross lake-area increases in some regions are higher (e.g., > 50% in Quebec 85 and > 23% in West Siberia 86 ), potentially due to hydrological changes in addition to permafrost thaw. | We recognize that current emissions linked to abrupt thaw could be conservative, as gross lake-area increases in certain regions are higher (e.g., > 50% in Quebec and > 23% in West Siberia), possibly resulting from hydrological changes alongside permafrost thaw. | We recognize that current emissions linked to abrupt thaw could be conservative, as gross lake-area increases in certain regions are higher (e.g., > 50% in Quebec and > 23% in West Siberia), possibly resulting from hydrological changes alongside permafrost thaw. | Gemini-3.1 | 43 |
Psychology_easy_516 | Psychology | 1 | In the domain of purpose in life, the participants indicated three specific motives for remaining in the work force. | Regarding their sense of purpose, the participants identified three distinct reasons for staying in the workforce. | Regarding their sense of purpose, the participants identified three distinct reasons for staying in the workforce. | Gemini-3.1 | 44 |
Medicine_easy_564 | Medicine | 1 | Nevertheless, even when data on certain aspects of the population or its threats are not available, we can use PVA models to explore possible outcomes across a plausible range of values, and thereby identify which factors might be important and the target of additional research. | Nevertheless, even when data on specific population aspects or their threats are lacking, we can utilize PVA models to examine potential outcomes across a reasonable range of values, and in doing so, determine which factors could be significant and merit further research. | Nevertheless, even when data on specific population aspects or their threats are lacking, we can utilize PVA models to examine potential outcomes across a reasonable range of values, and in doing so, determine which factors could be significant and merit further research. | Gemini-3.1 | 45 |
Medicine_150 | Medicine | 1 | Evaluation of women with PCOS should exclude alternate androgen-excess disorders and risk factors for endometrial cancer, mood disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. | When evaluating women with PCOS, clinicians should rule out other androgen-excess conditions, alongside risk factors for endometrial cancer, mood disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. | When evaluating women with PCOS, clinicians should rule out other androgen-excess conditions, alongside risk factors for endometrial cancer, mood disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. | Gemini-3.1 | 46 |
Computer_Science_easy_160 | Computer_Science | 1 | Use of Nexus D3 is associated with a more significant energy cost associated with streaming the data, which we did not consider for this study since the purpose of Nexus D3 was for prototyping our algorithms, not clinical application. | Using Nexus D3 correlates with a greater energy expenditure for data streaming, a factor we omitted from this study because Nexus D3 was intended for algorithm prototyping rather than clinical application. | Using Nexus D3 correlates with a greater energy expenditure for data streaming, a factor we omitted from this study because Nexus D3 was intended for algorithm prototyping rather than clinical application. | Gemini-3.1 | 47 |
Biology_336 | Biology | 1 | We suggest that dimers or multimers could result from non-physiological domain swapping of TEN in one particle to IFD-TRAP in another. | We propose that dimers or multimers might arise from non-physiological domain swapping of TEN in one particle to IFD-TRAP in another. | We propose that dimers or multimers might arise from non-physiological domain swapping of TEN in one particle to IFD-TRAP in another. | Gemini-3.1 | 48 |
Computer_Science_509 | Computer_Science | 1 | The development of a sustainable Internet-scanning service for security researchers would allow for further research into the shortcomings that still exist within the HTTPS protocol in its current form. | The creation of a sustainable Internet-scanning service for security researchers would enable additional investigation into the persistent shortcomings of the current HTTPS protocol. | The creation of a sustainable Internet-scanning service for security researchers would enable additional investigation into the persistent shortcomings of the current HTTPS protocol. | Gemini-3.1 | 49 |
Psychology_easy_335 | Psychology | 1 | In the condition in which the hot chocolate was positioned as appropriate for the outdoors, we expected significant mediation only at moderate and high levels of a priori interest in outdoors products (i.e., when targeting was at least moderately accurate). | In the condition where hot chocolate was framed as suitable for outdoor settings, we anticipated significant mediation solely at moderate and high levels of prior interest in outdoor goods (i.e., when targeting was at least moderately accurate). | In the condition where hot chocolate was framed as suitable for outdoor settings, we anticipated significant mediation solely at moderate and high levels of prior interest in outdoor goods (i.e., when targeting was at least moderately accurate). | Gemini-3.1 | 50 |
Biology_354 | Biology | 1 | Major evolutionary dietary shifts seem to be enabled by an underlying change in biotransformation enzymes . | Major evolutionary dietary shifts are seemingly enabled by an underlying change in biotransformation enzymes. | Major evolutionary dietary shifts are seemingly enabled by an underlying change in biotransformation enzymes. | Gemini-3.1 | 51 |
Medicine_285 | Medicine | 1 | However, there were significant differences in caregiver marital status (χ 2 (2) = 15.8, p < 0.0001), with significantly more caregivers in the AIC sample being unmarried or without domestic partnerships (χ 2 (1) = 15.2, p < 0.0001). | Nevertheless, caregiver marital status showed significant variation (χ 2 (2) = 15.8, p < 0.0001), as a significantly higher proportion of caregivers in the AIC group were unmarried or lacked domestic partnerships (χ 2 (1) = 15.2, p < 0.0001). | Nevertheless, caregiver marital status showed significant variation (χ 2 (2) = 15.8, p < 0.0001), as a significantly higher proportion of caregivers in the AIC group were unmarried or lacked domestic partnerships (χ 2 (1) = 15.2, p < 0.0001). | Gemini-3.1 | 52 |
Biology_easy_298 | Biology | 1 | The rhythms of SCN treated with I3M peaked approximately 1 hr later than DMSO-treated controls ( Figure 3F ). | The rhythms of SCN treated with I3M reached their peak about 1 hr after the DMSO-treated controls ( Figure 3F ). | The rhythms of SCN treated with I3M reached their peak about 1 hr after the DMSO-treated controls ( Figure 3F ). | Gemini-3.1 | 53 |
Biology_578 | Biology | 1 | Critically, short-term, midlife induction of Drp1 improves proteostasis in aged animals. | Crucially, the induction of Drp1 during midlife enhances proteostasis in aged animals over the short term. | Crucially, the induction of Drp1 during midlife enhances proteostasis in aged animals over the short term. | Gemini-3.1 | 54 |
Medicine_184 | Medicine | 1 | In none of the described embryonic specimens does the horse limb commence as a flattened paddle that characterizes early limb development in humans and other species ; the horse limb at early stages already resembles the adult form. | None of the described embryonic specimens exhibit a horse limb that begins as the flattened paddle characteristic of early limb development in humans and other species; at early stages, the horse limb already resembles its adult form. | None of the described embryonic specimens exhibit a horse limb that begins as the flattened paddle characteristic of early limb development in humans and other species; at early stages, the horse limb already resembles its adult form. | Gemini-3.1 | 55 |
Biology_562 | Biology | 1 | There was a significant increase in diet-associated-diversity that was unique to the animal-based diet. | A significant rise in diet-associated diversity occurred, which was exclusive to the animal-based diet. | A significant rise in diet-associated diversity occurred, which was exclusive to the animal-based diet. | Gemini-3.1 | 56 |
Computer_Science_tweet_283 | Computer_Science | 1 | Element separation is required where components of the call have different amplitudes. | Element separation is necessary when call components possess varying amplitudes. | Element separation is necessary when call components possess varying amplitudes. | Gemini-3.1 | 57 |
Medicine_tweet_216 | Medicine | 1 | The remaining 25 so-called midnight tracks have trajectories that are consistent with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as ejecta from impacts on the lid of the sample return capsule (20) . | The remaining 25 so-called midnight tracks possess trajectories compatible with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as ejecta from impacts on the lid of the sample return capsule (20). | The remaining 25 so-called midnight tracks possess trajectories compatible with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as ejecta from impacts on the lid of the sample return capsule (20). | Gemini-3.1 | 58 |
Computer_Science_easy_104 | Computer_Science | 1 | Monotonicity of F α (ρ, ρ β ) thus provides a powerful tool to determine what sorts of thermodynamical transitions are possible on the quantum scale, or equally well, for systems which have long range interactions. | The monotonicity of F α (ρ, ρ β ) therefore offers a robust mechanism for identifying which types of thermodynamical transitions are feasible on the quantum scale, or alternatively, for systems characterized by long-range interactions. | The monotonicity of F α (ρ, ρ β ) therefore offers a robust mechanism for identifying which types of thermodynamical transitions are feasible on the quantum scale, or alternatively, for systems characterized by long-range interactions. | Gemini-3.1 | 59 |
Computer_Science_tweet_212 | Computer_Science | 1 | The descending concreteness trend suggests that opinions tend to be expressed in a particular-to-general way; replies notably differ by having both the opening and the closing be abstract, with a concrete middle. | The descending concreteness trend indicates that opinions are expressed in a particular-to-general fashion; replies notably differ by featuring abstract openings and closings, with a concrete middle. | The descending concreteness trend indicates that opinions are expressed in a particular-to-general fashion; replies notably differ by featuring abstract openings and closings, with a concrete middle. | Gemini-3.1 | 60 |
Medicine_451 | Medicine | 1 | Rarely did any of these occur for any mesopredator at any site. | None of these occurred frequently for any mesopredator at any site. | None of these occurred frequently for any mesopredator at any site. | Gemini-3.1 | 61 |
Computer_Science_141 | Computer_Science | 1 | Women showed far less acceptance for the use of mobile phones during informal meetings. | Women demonstrated significantly lower tolerance for mobile phone usage during casual gatherings. | Women demonstrated significantly lower tolerance for mobile phone usage during casual gatherings. | Gemini-3.1 | 62 |
Medicine_easy_277 | Medicine | 1 | After controlling for regional fixed effects, to address time-consistent variations in surveillance and health infrastructure, the corresponding figure increased to 0.53 percentage points (95% CI: 0.37-0.69 percentage points). | Once regional fixed effects were controlled for to account for time-consistent variations in surveillance and health infrastructure, the corresponding figure rose to 0.53 percentage points (95% CI: 0.37-0.69 percentage points). | Once regional fixed effects were controlled for to account for time-consistent variations in surveillance and health infrastructure, the corresponding figure rose to 0.53 percentage points (95% CI: 0.37-0.69 percentage points). | Gemini-3.1 | 63 |
Medicine_easy_132 | Medicine | 1 | A difference in the local peak between the gels and bigels emerges at ϕ = 0.25, which corresponds to the critical density of the 1CM case . | A distinction in the local peak between the gels and bigels arises at ϕ = 0.25, which matches the critical density of the 1CM case. | A distinction in the local peak between the gels and bigels arises at ϕ = 0.25, which matches the critical density of the 1CM case. | Gemini-3.1 | 64 |
Biology_easy_513 | Biology | 1 | similarly found that spatial reference learning in rats remained unaffected by infection with Toxoplasma gondii, whereas spatial memory recall was impaired, highlighting the complexity and difficulty of assessing the overall effect of parasites on host cognitive processes. | Likewise, it was observed that spatial reference learning in rats was not impacted by Toxoplasma gondii infection, while spatial memory recall was hindered, emphasizing the intricacy and challenge of evaluating the total impact of parasites on host cognitive processes. | Likewise, it was observed that spatial reference learning in rats was not impacted by Toxoplasma gondii infection, while spatial memory recall was hindered, emphasizing the intricacy and challenge of evaluating the total impact of parasites on host cognitive processes. | Gemini-3.1 | 65 |
Psychology_532 | Psychology | 1 | We argue that these arrangements measure flexible working primarily aimed to enhance performance outcomes. | We contend that these arrangements measure flexible working primarily intended to improve performance outcomes. | We contend that these arrangements measure flexible working primarily intended to improve performance outcomes. | Gemini-3.1 | 66 |
Computer_Science_easy_479 | Computer_Science | 1 | That is, the nodal point controller, compared with the unidirectional wave controller, renders the system increasingly more maneuverable as movement amplitude decreases, confirming our hypothesis (Fig. | In other words, the nodal point controller makes the system progressively more maneuverable than the unidirectional wave controller as movement amplitude drops, which validates our hypothesis (Fig. | In other words, the nodal point controller makes the system progressively more maneuverable than the unidirectional wave controller as movement amplitude drops, which validates our hypothesis (Fig. | Gemini-3.1 | 67 |
Medicine_237 | Medicine | 1 | Increases in ship noise, both within and below the dolphins' call bandwidth, resulted in higher dolphin whistle frequencies and a reduction in whistle contour complexity, an acoustic feature associated with individual identification. | Elevated levels of ship noise, occurring both within and below the bandwidth of dolphin calls, led to higher whistle frequencies and less complex whistle contours, an acoustic trait linked to individual identification. | Elevated levels of ship noise, occurring both within and below the bandwidth of dolphin calls, led to higher whistle frequencies and less complex whistle contours, an acoustic trait linked to individual identification. | Gemini-3.1 | 68 |
Biology_easy_312 | Biology | 1 | We detected aberrations of CDK12 in 25/360 of mCRPC patients (6.9%), 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.6%, 10 .2%] ( Figure 1A ). | Aberrations of CDK12 were identified in 25/360 of mCRPC patients (6.9%), 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.6%, 10.2%] (Figure 1A). | Aberrations of CDK12 were identified in 25/360 of mCRPC patients (6.9%), 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.6%, 10.2%] (Figure 1A). | Gemini-3.1 | 69 |
Computer_Science_easy_146 | Computer_Science | 1 | Study 4 (n = 267) offers another demonstration of this phenomenon. | Study 4 (n = 267) provides an additional demonstration of this phenomenon. | Study 4 (n = 267) provides an additional demonstration of this phenomenon. | Gemini-3.1 | 70 |
Medicine_218 | Medicine | 1 | We recognize that the diagnosis of PCOS in postmenopausal women is problematic but feel that it is unlikely that a woman can develop PCOS in the perimenopause or menopause if she has not had symptoms earlier. | We acknowledge that diagnosing PCOS in postmenopausal women is challenging, yet we doubt that a woman can develop PCOS during perimenopause or menopause if she lacked prior symptoms. | We acknowledge that diagnosing PCOS in postmenopausal women is challenging, yet we doubt that a woman can develop PCOS during perimenopause or menopause if she lacked prior symptoms. | Gemini-3.1 | 71 |
Computer_Science_348 | Computer_Science | 1 | This difference between the active and passive generation of the same sensory experience reflects the importance of the knowledge of motor commands during the acquisition of spatial knowledge. | The distinction between active and passive generation of an identical sensory experience highlights the significance of motor command knowledge during the acquisition of spatial understanding. | The distinction between active and passive generation of an identical sensory experience highlights the significance of motor command knowledge during the acquisition of spatial understanding. | Gemini-3.1 | 72 |
Psychology_252 | Psychology | 1 | Several factors suggest the effects we found are specific to these ophthalmic conditions and not merely agerelated phenomena. | Several factors indicate that the effects we identified are specific to these ophthalmic conditions rather than just age-related phenomena. | Several factors indicate that the effects we identified are specific to these ophthalmic conditions rather than just age-related phenomena. | Gemini-3.1 | 73 |
Computer_Science_602 | Computer_Science | 1 | The RAD sampler can unfold to two and a half times its folded | The RAD sampler is capable of unfolding to two and a half times its folded length. | The RAD sampler is capable of unfolding to two and a half times its folded length. | Gemini-3.1 | 74 |
Medicine_303 | Medicine | 1 | This highlights the importance of examining single-CpG-level DNA methylation during the reprogramming process. | This underscores the significance of analyzing DNA methylation at the single-CpG level throughout the reprogramming process. | This underscores the significance of analyzing DNA methylation at the single-CpG level throughout the reprogramming process. | Gemini-3.1 | 75 |
Psychology_easy_132 | Psychology | 1 | Given that both music training and JROTC training enhance phonological awareness and involve synchronization with perceptual cues, future work comparing music training to a passive control group could reveal a divergence not reported here. | Finding: 'Since both music and JROTC training improve phonological awareness and require synchronization with perceptual cues, subsequent research comparing music training to a passive control group could potentially uncover a divergence not documented here.' | 'Since both music and JROTC training improve phonological awareness and require synchronization with perceptual cues, subsequent research comparing music training to a passive control group could potentially uncover a divergence not documented here.' | Gemini-3.1 | 76 |
Medicine_easy_577 | Medicine | 1 | Conclusion Patients reporting AEs on Twitter showed a range of sophistication when describing their experience. | Conclusion: Patients who reported AEs on Twitter demonstrated varying degrees of sophistication while describing their experiences. | Conclusion: Patients who reported AEs on Twitter demonstrated varying degrees of sophistication while describing their experiences. | Gemini-3.1 | 77 |
Psychology_easy_283 | Psychology | 1 | , for example, found that individual money incentives increased worker performance by a median of 30%. | Research, for instance, discovered that individual financial incentives boosted employee performance by a median of 30%. | Research, for instance, discovered that individual financial incentives boosted employee performance by a median of 30%. | Gemini-3.1 | 78 |
Computer_Science_550 | Computer_Science | 1 | Our results suggest that the metabolic cost of walking can largely be explained by the linear combination of four costs-swing and torso dynamics, center of mass velocity redirection, ground clearance, and body weight support. | Our results indicate that the metabolic cost of walking is largely explainable by the linear combination of four costs—swing and torso dynamics, center of mass velocity redirection, ground clearance, and body weight support. | Our results indicate that the metabolic cost of walking is largely explainable by the linear combination of four costs—swing and torso dynamics, center of mass velocity redirection, ground clearance, and body weight support. | Gemini-3.1 | 79 |
Psychology_tweet_192 | Psychology | 1 | This analysis allows identifying the cortical sources that have persistent neural activity. | This analysis enables the identification of cortical sources exhibiting persistent neural activity. | This analysis enables the identification of cortical sources exhibiting persistent neural activity. | Gemini-3.1 | 80 |
Computer_Science_easy_18 | Computer_Science | 1 | This "adaptive DBS" approach is promising but may be challenging to implement in fully implantable systems due to the small amplitude of the STN LFP coupled with the large stimulation artifact generated when sensing a signal in close proximity to the stimulating contact. | This "adaptive DBS" approach shows promise, though it could prove difficult to implement in fully implantable systems because of the small amplitude of the STN LFP in combination with the significant stimulation artifact produced when sensing a signal near the stimulating contact. | This "adaptive DBS" approach shows promise, though it could prove difficult to implement in fully implantable systems because of the small amplitude of the STN LFP in combination with the significant stimulation artifact produced when sensing a signal near the stimulating contact. | Gemini-3.1 | 81 |
Computer_Science_395 | Computer_Science | 1 | Their modeling approach indicates that the way in which airlines have been implementing baggage fees has more direct impact on controlling customer behavior than segmenting customers. | Their modeling approach shows that how airlines have implemented baggage fees has a more direct impact on controlling customer behavior than segmenting customers. | Their modeling approach shows that how airlines have implemented baggage fees has a more direct impact on controlling customer behavior than segmenting customers. | Gemini-3.1 | 82 |
Biology_easy_235 | Biology | 1 | This demonstration of a conserved function of paxillin in vastly different cell types validates the importance of paxillin as a general liaison between extranuclear and nuclear AR signaling. | This demonstration of a conserved function of paxillin in widely divergent cell types confirms the significance of paxillin as a universal liaison between extranuclear and nuclear AR signaling. | This demonstration of a conserved function of paxillin in widely divergent cell types confirms the significance of paxillin as a universal liaison between extranuclear and nuclear AR signaling. | Gemini-3.1 | 83 |
Medicine_easy_365 | Medicine | 1 | Further, exposure to 250 ppm CO led to maternal mouse CO levels of 12.65% COHb, similar to maternal %COHb levels in women who smoke roughly a pack of cigarettes per day during pregnancy; measured in our laboratory as high as 9.85% COHb (unpublished data) and by others as 14% COHb . | Additionally, exposure to 250 ppm CO resulted in maternal mouse CO levels of 12.65% COHb, comparable to maternal %COHb levels in women smoking about a pack of cigarettes daily during pregnancy; measured in our laboratory at up to 9.85% COHb (unpublished data) and by others at 14% COHb. | Additionally, exposure to 250 ppm CO resulted in maternal mouse CO levels of 12.65% COHb, comparable to maternal %COHb levels in women smoking about a pack of cigarettes daily during pregnancy; measured in our laboratory at up to 9.85% COHb (unpublished data) and by others at 14% COHb. | Gemini-3.1 | 84 |
Psychology_tweet_273 | Psychology | 1 | As already described, 11 articles fulfilled the reviews inclusion criteria. | As previously noted, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. | As previously noted, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. | Gemini-3.1 | 85 |
Psychology_easy_248 | Psychology | 1 | Another said this: | Another stated the following: | Another stated the following: | Gemini-3.1 | 86 |
Psychology_504 | Psychology | 1 | It may soon become possible to measure activation-related changes in knowledge representation simultaneously with gray and white matter changes, in conjunction with various types of knowledge acquisition. | It could soon become feasible to measure activation-related changes in knowledge representation simultaneously with gray and white matter changes, in conjunction with various types of knowledge acquisition. | It could soon become feasible to measure activation-related changes in knowledge representation simultaneously with gray and white matter changes, in conjunction with various types of knowledge acquisition. | Gemini-3.1 | 87 |
Biology_easy_204 | Biology | 1 | The dramatically improved signal-to-noise ratio hence allows the reliable detection of small changes induced by biochemical means. | The substantially enhanced signal-to-noise ratio therefore permits the dependable detection of minor changes brought about by biochemical means. | The substantially enhanced signal-to-noise ratio therefore permits the dependable detection of minor changes brought about by biochemical means. | Gemini-3.1 | 88 |
Medicine_504 | Medicine | 1 | Instead, follicles contained predominantly keratinaceous debris with only a few developing hair shafts which were fragmented and malformed. | Rather, follicles held mostly keratinaceous debris, containing merely a small number of developing hair shafts that were fragmented and malformed. | Rather, follicles held mostly keratinaceous debris, containing merely a small number of developing hair shafts that were fragmented and malformed. | Gemini-3.1 | 89 |
Biology_easy_192 | Biology | 1 | Inactivation of hepatic Ago2 improves systemic glucose metabolism. | Systemic glucose metabolism is enhanced by the inactivation of hepatic Ago2. | Systemic glucose metabolism is enhanced by the inactivation of hepatic Ago2. | Gemini-3.1 | 90 |
Psychology_290 | Psychology | 1 | Thus, the trend we found for AMD could suggest an initial insult propagating degenerative pathways in the eye and brain, in addition to chronic degenerative/inflammatory pathways. | Therefore, the pattern we observed for AMD could indicate an initial injury spreading degenerative pathways throughout the eye and brain, alongside chronic degenerative or inflammatory pathways. | Therefore, the pattern we observed for AMD could indicate an initial injury spreading degenerative pathways throughout the eye and brain, alongside chronic degenerative or inflammatory pathways. | Gemini-3.1 | 91 |
Computer_Science_tweet_197 | Computer_Science | 1 | Our analyses revealed two significant patterns in the data: languages that had larger speaker populations tended to have higher rates of gain of new words in basic vocabulary than their smaller sister languages, and smaller populations tended to have higher rates of word loss from basic vocabulary (Table 1 and Fig. | Our analyses uncovered two significant patterns in the data: languages with larger speaker populations showed a tendency toward higher rates of new word acquisition in basic vocabulary compared to their smaller sister languages, while smaller populations showed a tendency toward higher rates of word loss from basic voc... | Our analyses uncovered two significant patterns in the data: languages with larger speaker populations showed a tendency toward higher rates of new word acquisition in basic vocabulary compared to their smaller sister languages, while smaller populations showed a tendency toward higher rates of word loss from basic voc... | Gemini-3.1 | 92 |
Medicine_tweet_57 | Medicine | 1 | These results point to the remarkable efficacy of our nanoparticle based drug delivery system and suggests the value of the chicken egg tumor model for testing novel therapies for ovarian cancer. | These results indicate the remarkable efficacy of our nanoparticle-based drug delivery system and imply the value of the chicken egg tumor model for testing novel therapies for ovarian cancer. | These results indicate the remarkable efficacy of our nanoparticle-based drug delivery system and imply the value of the chicken egg tumor model for testing novel therapies for ovarian cancer. | Gemini-3.1 | 93 |
Psychology_easy_279 | Psychology | 1 | In addition to areas of task related activity in the DG/CA3, analyses of the functional imaging data also revealed an area of reduced task related activity in the left entorhinal cortex (EC) in both the 62.5 mg BID cohort and the 125 mg BID cohort. | Beyond the regions of task-related activity in the DG/CA3, functional imaging data analysis also identified a zone of diminished task-related activity within the left entorhinal cortex (EC) for both the 62.5 mg BID and 125 mg BID cohorts. | Beyond the regions of task-related activity in the DG/CA3, functional imaging data analysis also identified a zone of diminished task-related activity within the left entorhinal cortex (EC) for both the 62.5 mg BID and 125 mg BID cohorts. | Gemini-3.1 | 94 |
Biology_easy_581 | Biology | 1 | This result strongly suggests that the Sutlej River was the main source of fluvial sediment to the Ghaggar-Hakra palaeochannel. | This result provides strong evidence that the Sutlej River functioned as the primary source of fluvial sediment for the Ghaggar-Hakra palaeochannel. | This result provides strong evidence that the Sutlej River functioned as the primary source of fluvial sediment for the Ghaggar-Hakra palaeochannel. | Gemini-3.1 | 95 |
Psychology_easy_327 | Psychology | 1 | The finding that childhood corporal punishment was associated with perpetration of young adult physical dating violence, even after controlling for several demographic variables and childhood physical abuse, adds to the growing literature demonstrating deleterious outcomes associated with corporal punishment. | The discovery that childhood corporal punishment correlated with the perpetration of physical dating violence in young adulthood, even when accounting for various demographic factors and childhood physical abuse, contributes to the expanding body of research illustrating the harmful consequences linked to corporal puni... | The discovery that childhood corporal punishment correlated with the perpetration of physical dating violence in young adulthood, even when accounting for various demographic factors and childhood physical abuse, contributes to the expanding body of research illustrating the harmful consequences linked to corporal puni... | Gemini-3.1 | 96 |
Psychology_easy_581 | Psychology | 1 | All teams added new referrals to the database, with the exception of team 2 and therefore the 2016 total recorded referral rate continues to be an underestimate. | Every team included new referrals in the database, except for team 2; consequently, the 2016 total recorded referral rate remains an underestimate. | Every team included new referrals in the database, except for team 2; consequently, the 2016 total recorded referral rate remains an underestimate. | Gemini-3.1 | 97 |
Biology_easy_129 | Biology | 1 | Consequently, the noiseinduced simplification of dolphin whistles may reduce the information content in these acoustic signals and decrease effective communication, parent -offspring proximity or group cohesion. | As a result, the noise-induced simplification of dolphin whistles could lower the information content within these acoustic signals and diminish effective communication, parent-offspring proximity, or group cohesion. | As a result, the noise-induced simplification of dolphin whistles could lower the information content within these acoustic signals and diminish effective communication, parent-offspring proximity, or group cohesion. | Gemini-3.1 | 98 |
Computer_Science_easy_171 | Computer_Science | 1 | We show that the notion of space as environmentindependent cannot be deduced solely from exteroceptive information, which is highly variable and is mainly determined by the contents of the environment. | We demonstrate that the concept of space as environment-independent cannot be derived exclusively from exteroceptive information, which is highly variable and primarily determined by environmental contents. | We demonstrate that the concept of space as environment-independent cannot be derived exclusively from exteroceptive information, which is highly variable and primarily determined by environmental contents. | Gemini-3.1 | 100 |
Biology_488 | Biology | 1 | These concerns point to the need for dietary interventions that induce PF-like effects while minimizing the risk of adverse effects and the burden of complete food restriction. | These concerns indicate a requirement for dietary interventions that produce PF-like effects while reducing the risk of adverse outcomes and the burden of total food restriction. | These concerns indicate a requirement for dietary interventions that produce PF-like effects while reducing the risk of adverse outcomes and the burden of total food restriction. | Gemini-3.1 | 101 |
Psychology_103 | Psychology | 1 | Among low-SOI participants, those who had casual sex did not differ significantly from those who did not have casual sex on self-esteem (B ¼ À0.10, SE ¼ 0.07, p ¼ .168), depression (B ¼ 0.13, SE ¼ 0.08, p ¼ .104), or anxiety (B ¼ 0.11, SE ¼ 0.07, p ¼ .130). | For participants with low SOI, there were no significant differences in self-esteem (B = −0.10, SE = 0.07, p = .168), depression (B = 0.13, SE = 0.08, p = .104), or anxiety (B = 0.11, SE = 0.07, p = .130) between those who engaged in casual sex and those who did not. | For participants with low SOI, there were no significant differences in self-esteem (B = −0.10, SE = 0.07, p = .168), depression (B = 0.13, SE = 0.08, p = .104), or anxiety (B = 0.11, SE = 0.07, p = .130) between those who engaged in casual sex and those who did not. | Gemini-3.1 | 102 |
Psychology_502 | Psychology | 1 | Examining attractiveness ratings of healthy and unhealthy foods as a function of participants' hunger scores and training condition revealed that, analogous to food choices, hunger affected the preferences for unhealthy and healthy food differently across training groups. | An analysis of attractiveness ratings for healthy and unhealthy foods, based on participants' hunger levels and training conditions, demonstrated that hunger influenced preferences for these food types differently across groups, mirroring the patterns observed in food choices. | An analysis of attractiveness ratings for healthy and unhealthy foods, based on participants' hunger levels and training conditions, demonstrated that hunger influenced preferences for these food types differently across groups, mirroring the patterns observed in food choices. | Gemini-3.1 | 103 |
Medicine_easy_303 | Medicine | 1 | (E) bnAbs from (D) contain acidic HFR3 residues that interact with the basic residues in the highlighted area. | Finding: '(E) bnAbs from (D) possess acidic HFR3 residues that engage with the basic residues in the highlighted area.' | '(E) bnAbs from (D) possess acidic HFR3 residues that engage with the basic residues in the highlighted area.' | Gemini-3.1 | 104 |
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