Cleanlab/databricks-dolly-15k-cleaned · Datasets at Hugging Face

instruction stringlengths 4 2.17k	context stringlengths 15 20.9k ⌀	response stringlengths 1 26k	category stringclasses 7 values
Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Superman, Thor	null	Thor is Marvel, Superman is DC	classification
What is the largest lake in Switzerland?	null	The largest lake in Switzerland with an area of 218 km2 is Lake Neuchâtel. Lake Geneva is the largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, but is divided between Switzerland and France.	open_qa
Tell me whether these are items used for caring for a baby or a dog: crate, diaper, leash, swaddle, and chew toy.	null	The diaper and swaddle are for a baby, and the crate and leash are for a dog. Both babies and dogs use chew toys.	classification
Give me a list of Premier League winners in the last 5 years with corresponding points.	null	2021-2022: Manchester City, 93 2020-2021: Manchester City, 86 2019-2020: Liverpool, 99 2018-2019: Manchester City, 98 2017-2018: Manchester City, 100	brainstorming
Name the Chinese satellite launched for Mars which failed?	null	Yinghuo-1 was the Chinese satellite that failed the launch for Mars	open_qa
Classify the below devices based on the brand which manufactures them. iPhone, iPad, MacBook, Pixel watch, Galaxy phone	null	iPhone, iPad, MacBook - Apple Pixel watch - Google Galaxy phone - Samsung	classification
Give me a list of recommendations to quickly heal from an achilles rupture surgery.	null	Get plenty of rest Stay off the injured leg Keep the foot elevated above the heart Take medication to keep inflammation down Ice the area to reduce swelling Brace the ankle and foot, and point the toe down in a plantar flexion position	brainstorming
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mirwas, Esraj	null	Esraj is string, Mirwas is percussion.	classification
Which of these teams play in the National Rugby League (NRL) or the Australian Football League (AFL)? Sydney Swans, Penrith Panthers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Brisbane Lions, Brisbane Broncos, Manly Sea Eagles & Fremantle Dockers	null	NRL teams: Penrith Panthers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Brisbane Broncos, Manly Sea Eagles AFL teams: Sydney Swans, Brisbane Lions, Fremantle Dockers	classification
What are some of the best Sports Movies of all time?	null	1) Hoosiers 2) Rocky 3) Any Given Sunday 4) Miracle 5) Remember the Titans 6) Hoop Dreams 7) Raging Bull 8) Friday Night Lights 9) The Natural 10) Chariots of Fire	open_qa
Classify each of the words as singular or plural: lions, bee, door, fence, ocean, lakes, people	null	Lions: Plural Bee: Singular Door: Singular Fence: Singular Ocean: Singular Lakes: Plural People: Plural	classification
What was the hit single on Nek's 1996 Album Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto?	Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto (She, friends and everything else), is the fourth studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Nek. It was released in 1996, as his first studio album with Warner Music Group. It was re-released on 1 March 1997, after the success of the single "Laura non c'è", which had not been included in the album. Since 1999 there have been reported sales of over 2 million copies all over the world.	Laura non c'è" was the hit single, but wasn't added until the album was released in 1997.	closed_qa
Are these cities or countries: Tokyo, Riyadh, Florence, Monteverde, Nafplio	null	cities	classification
Classify each of the following universities as being in the ACC or SEC: Ole Miss, LSU, FSU, Clemson, UGA, Miami	null	Ole Miss: SEC LSU: SEC FSU: ACC Clemson: ACC UGA: SEC Miami: ACC	classification
What are some tools to help combat ADD and ADHD?	null	Daily exercise, getting sufficient sleep, reducing sugar, meditation, creating lists, color coding files, using highlighters for reading	brainstorming
Which is a species of fish? Cisco or Palo Alto	null	Cisco	classification
What is the difference between NumPy and pandas?	null	Pandas is mostly used for data analysis tasks in Python. NumPy is mostly used for working with numerical values as it makes it easy to apply mathematical functions.	open_qa
Give me a list of the best movies I've never seen.	null	I would definitely recommend to watch Lord of the Rings. It is a great fantasy movie about friendship and how in the end, the good always prevails. The scale and grandeur, also the cast of the movie was superb. Any film where Tom Hanks is in the lead role should also be watched, as an actor he is simply amazing, and comes across so natural and convincing. If you like action movies, I can heartily recommend all the James Bond movies with Daniel Craig in the lead role. The cinematography, tension, music all play together so well. Speaking of cinematography, one would be amiss to not watch the latest movies of David Villeneuve, for example Inception or Dune. Timothee Chalamais, who is leading role in Dune, also did a great performance in 'The King' - if you liked the character in Dune for example. Other movies would be Interstellar, a great Sci-Fi movie, the Hunger Games trilogy and so many more.	brainstorming
Write a short poem about the relevance of AI in the workplace in the style of Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven.	null	Once upon a work night late, as I laboured, pondered, flailed, Over such an email that management might adore — While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of something gently rapping, rapping in my browser's core. "'Tis the little AI helper, tapping in my browsers core— Volunteering to do my chore."	creative_writing
Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}	Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children.	• November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born • 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball.	information_extraction
Who won the 2022 SEC softball Season?	The 2022 SEC softball season began play Thursday, February 10, and conference play began on Thursday, March 11. The 2022 Southeastern Conference softball tournament was May 10-14 at Katie Seashole Pressly Softball Stadium in Gainesville, Florida. Arkansas played Missouri in the tournament final, winning by a score of 4–0. Vanderbilt University is the only full member of the Southeastern Conference to not sponsor a softball program.	Arkansas won the SEC softball season beating Missouri by 4-0.	summarization
How is it that some high net-worth individuals are able to avoid paying taxes completely?	null	The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxes regular income and investment income differently. For one type of common investment income i.e long term capital gains, the tax rates are 0%, 15% and 20% based on the annual income of the individual. The income used for calculating the above rates doesn't include income from the long term capital gains itself. For example, if an individual makes less than $41,675 for the year 2022 through regular income, his or her capital gains tax rate would be 0% even if the long term capital gains itself is more than a million dollars. Assuming many of these high net-worth individuals don't have any regular income and all their income is through long term capital gains, they end up paying no taxes at all.	open_qa
How is it that some high net-worth individuals are able to avoid paying taxes completely?	null	The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxes regular income and investment income differently. For one type of common investment income i.e long term capital gains, the tax rates are 0%, 15% and 20% based on the annual income of the individual. The income used for calculating the above rates doesn't include income from the long term capital gains itself. For example, if an individual makes less than $41,675 for the year 2022 through regular income, his or her capital gains tax rate would be 0% even if the long term capital gains itself is more than a million dollars. Assuming many of these high net-worth individuals don't have any regular income and all their income is through long term capital gains, they end up paying no taxes at all.	open_qa
Classify each of the following as cold or hot: snow, fire, refrigerator, lava, stove top, freezer	null	Snow: Cold Fire: Hot Refrigerator: Cold Lava: Hot Stove Top: Hot Freezer: Cold	classification
List five titles by Margaret Atwood.	null	The Handmaid's Tale, The Testaments, The Edible Woman, Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood	open_qa
What is the name of Frankenstein's monster?	null	Contrary to what many people think, the monster is not named Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein is the name of the scientist who created the monster in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus." The monster does not have a name and is simply referred to as "the Creature."	open_qa
Earnst & Young Entrepreneur of the year awards 2021 was given to whom	null	Falguni Nayar(founder and CEO of Nykaa)	open_qa
Who are the known members of the student group named Dumbledor's Army, from the Harry Potter book series.	null	The known list of students in Dumbledor's Army is as follows: Harry Potter (leader and teacher) Ron Weasley (co-founder) Hermione Granger (co-founder) Neville Longbottom (Leader) Ginny Weasley (Leader) Luna Lovegood (Leader) Angelina Johnson Alice Tolipan Alicia Spinnet Anthony Goldstein Cho Chang Colin Creevey Cormac McLaggen Dean Thomas Dennis Creevey Ernie Macmillan Fred Weasley George Weasley Hannah Abbott Justin Finch-Fletchley Katie Bell Lavender Brown Leanne Lee Jordan Luca Caruso Maisy Reynolds Marietta Edgecombe Michael Corner Nigel Wolpert Padma Patil Parvati Patil Romilda Vane Seamus Finnigan Susan Bones Terry Boot Zacharias Smith	brainstorming
Tell me whether each person is a basketball or hockey player: Lebron James, Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman, Tyler Johnson, Kobe Bryant, Carmelo Anthony	null	Lebron James: Basketball Player Steven Stamkos: Hockey Player Victor Hedman: Hockey Player Tyler Johnson: Hockey Player Kobe Bryant: Basketball Player Carmelo Anthony: Basketball Player	classification
Give me a list of Shakespeare's plays	null	- Hamlet - Romeo and Juliet - King Lear - Othello - Titus Andronicus - Love's Labour's Lost - Twelfth Night - A Midsummer Night's Dream - A Winter's Tale - The Tempest - Troilus and Cressida - Pericles - Antony and Cleopatra - All's Well That End's Well - The Merchant of Venice - Henry IV Part 1 - Henry IV Part 2 - Henry V - Henry VI Part 1 - Henry VI Part 2 - Henry VI Part 3 - Henry VIII - Richard II - Richard III - King John - Julius Caesar - As You Like It - Macbeth - The Merry Wives of Windsor - Two Gentlemen of Verona - The Taming of the Shrew - Coriolanus - Timon of Athens - Much Ado About Nothing - Cymbeline - The Comedy of Errors - Two Noble Kinsmen - Measure for Measure	brainstorming
How long did dinosaurs rule earth?	Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles[note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 245 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds.	Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial species on earth for about 135.3 million years.	information_extraction
Why is the most of the world's land is north of the equator?	null	It just happened to be the way at the moment. Believe it or not, the earth's continents are slowly moving. Around 300 million years ago, our planet had one big mass of land called Pangaea. It was mainly south of the equator. In another 200 million years, things will look different again.	open_qa
classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: caltrain, train, nijiya market, dinner, internet bill, plane, boba, bar	null	bar should be food & drink, boba should be food & drink, plane should be travel, dinner should be food & drink, nijiya market should be grocery, caltrain should be travel	classification
Did David Petrarca direct any episodes in the second season of Game of Thrones?	null	Yes, David Petrarca directed two episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones: Garden of Bones and The Ghost of Harrenhal.	open_qa
Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.	null	Dear diary, you have been a faithful companion to me, all this while, the only true friend I have. Or, may, I say, the only witness to my thoughts - because there is no one else. Yes, I am the only person around in this world. Does this make me happy or sad, you ask? I am conflicted, to be honest. As an introvert, I always wanted solitude and peace. The ability to be myself, to not just think my own thoughts but act like no one was watching. And yet, now, when I really can do this (believe me, no one is watching me, or even the security tapes!), I long for a voice to hear and for someone to talk back to me, see me act stupid or act out my weirdest thoughts, and in general just listen to me. But, there is no one. And this scares me, as well. Why am I writing this down, when I rarely, if ever, read you back? It is, probably, with a hidden hope that someone some day will read it and understand my thoughts and ideas without judgement. If no one ever will read it, because there is no human left on planet Earth, why am I writing this even? I always read (and scoffed at) the books telling me "Man is a social animal" - I felt they did not refer or apply to me me. And now, dear friend, I have realised a little too late in life that it wasn't the books that did not recognise me. Rather, it was I who didn't understand myself. Farewell and adieu!	creative_writing
What were the reasons for Enzo Ferrari to leave Alfa Romeo and start his own auto company?	null	In 1937 Enzo Ferrari quit Alfa-Romeo under agreement that he could not race or design anything under his name for four years. During World War II, Ferrari's company was forced to undertake war production for Mussolini's fascist government, thus supplying auto parts for the Italian military.	open_qa
Tell me whether these are food or drink: juice, hamburger, coke, pizza, hotdog, steak, lemonade, apple cider.	null	Food: hamburger, pizza, hotdog, steak. Drink: juice, coke, pizza, lemonade, apple cider.	classification
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Semantron, Saw sam sai	null	Saw sam sai is string, Semantron is percussion.	classification
5 Mistake to avoid in road trip	null	1. Take enough Water 2. Keep some snacks 3. Always carry Knife , may be a pocket one 4. Always take break every 2 and half hours 5. Try to take country road if available	brainstorming
Which is a bird or fish: Redhorse sucker, Red-necked grebe	null	Red-necked grebe is a bird, Redhorse sucker is a fish	classification
Given this paragraph about battles during India Independence day, what was the date when India win the Independence	August 15, 1947	Independence Day is celebrated annually on 15 August as a public holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, the day when the provisions of the Indian Independence Act, which transferred legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly, came into effect. India retained King George VI as head of state until its transition to a republic, when the Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950 (celebrated as Indian Republic Day) and replaced the dominion prefix, Dominion of India, with the enactment of the sovereign law Constitution of India. India attained independence following the independence movement noted for largely non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.	closed_qa
Categorize these colors as either warm colors or cool colors: yellow, red, blue, green, white, black.	null	Yellow and red are warm colors, green and blue are cool colors, white and black are neutral colors, considered neither warm nor cool.	classification
Imagine you are someone's shadow for a day. Write about your experiences in the present tense.	null	I'm feeling surprised this morning. I feel a little flatter than usual, and a little lighter. To be honest with you, I can't see myself at all. WOW! Someone turned the lights on. I can't see! Wait... I'm on the floor. Why am I on the floor? I'm right behind this man, he's just got out of bed. I don't recognise this room. Ah. I seem to be a shadow. Not what I was hoping for this morning, if I'm being honest. I have a big day at work, and this is going to make things rather more challenging. I'll have to get on with it though, stiff upper lip and all that. I can only hope this my shadow's driver has an interesting plan for the day. It's looking promising so far. They are putting on hiking boots and other outdoor wear. Certainly better than staying inside and playing video games all day. I'd hardly have anything to do at all. Now we need to hope for some good weather. If we're in Norway, there isn't much light at this time of the year. I'd barely even exist. Finally, he's opened the curtains. I've struck gold. We're in the Sierra Nevada mountains in Spain, and it's a clear day. We're outside and we're climbing. This is fun! But scary! I never climbed before in my real body. I wish he would stop sitting down to rest. I don't like being sat on. The view from the summit, it's finally here. It's amazing. Or at least that is what the man says. As a 2 dimensional shadow, I can't really see much. I'm not tall enough.	creative_writing
List some cool places to go visit when you go to Prescott, AZ	null	1. Whisky Row, Downtown Prescott 2. Jerome - copper mines 3. Sedona - Natural Waterslides 4. Off-roading 5. Lynx Lake 6. Watson Lake 7. Gold Water Lake 8. Prescott Camp Grounds 9. Mortimer Farms 10. Tim’s Toyota Center	brainstorming
Which is a species of fish? Treefish or Tree	null	Treefish	classification
Tell me about the first commercial winery in California.	null	The first commercial winery in California was founded in 1857 by Hungarian-American Agoston Haraszthy who is referred to as the "Father of California Wine" (this moniker also is applied to Spanish Jesuit missionary, Father Junípero Serra). Haraszthy opened Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma. By 1859, the winery was producing two million gallons of wine a year and one of its most popular products was sparkling wine. The winery faced numerous troubles over the years, such as bankruptcy, a devastating infestation of Grape phylloxera, and Prohibition. The winery was acquired at auction and original vines replanted and reopened in the 1940s. In 1984, the winery estate expanded an additional 1,000 acres after it was purchased by a West German company. The winery continued to change hands and is now under the ownership of Jean-Charles Boisset, who operates over two dozen wineries under his wine group, Boisset Collection. The winery still sits on its original location and has been added to the US National Register of Historic Places and the list of California Historical Landmarks.	open_qa
Based on this passage, what is the average number of people per family in Zangisheh?	Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families.	I can only tell you what it was in 2006, because this is when the survey data provided is from. The average number of people per family at that time is the population divided by the number of families, or 153 / 34.	closed_qa
Classify each of the following as a city, state, or country: Dallas, Bozeman, Kentucky, Ohio, USA, Canada	null	Dallas: City Bozeman: City Kentucky: State Ohio: State USA: Country Canada: Country	classification
Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, how many Jimmy John's locations are there?	Jimmy John's is an American sandwich chain headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. The business was founded by Jimmy John Liautaud in 1983. After Liautaud graduated from high school, his father gave him a choice to either join the military or start a business. Liautaud, choosing the latter, initially decided to start a hot dog business, but changed to opening a sandwich business due to costs. The Jimmy John's franchise has over 2700 locations, with 98% of them being franchises. in 2016, Roark Capital Group purchased a majority stake in the company. Later, in 2019, Inspire Brands purchased the company from Roark Capital Group for an unspecified amount.	There are currently 2700 locations in the Jimmy John's franchise.	closed_qa
My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to small. I need to travel. What could I do?	null	- Get a bigger suite case - Don't bring the trophy - Send the trophy in a box	brainstorming
What are some guitar brands associated with classic rock?	null	Some guitar brands associated with classic rock include Fender, Gibson, Marshall, Vox, and Rickenbacker.	brainstorming
What is the fastest or speediest animal?	null	The fastest or speediest animal is the peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon can achieve speeds of 242 mph (389 km/h) in a dive. However the fastest land animal is the cheetah. The cheetah can achieve speeds of 75 mph (120 km/h)	open_qa
Tell me whether the following European languages are in the Indo-European language family or not: Spanish, English, Basque, Finnish, Romanian, Hungarian, and Catalan.	null	Spanish, Romanian, and Catalan are all Indo-European languages classified within the Romance branch of Indo-European languages. English and German are both Indo-European languages classified within the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages. Basque, Finnish, and Hungarian are not Indo-European languages. Basque is a language isolate and is not known to be related to any other living language. Finnish and Hungarian are Uralic languages and are not related to the Indo-European languages.	classification
How long is a professional football field.	null	A professional football field is 100 yards long.	open_qa
Who are some of the most successful golfers in history?	null	Sam Snead, Tiger Woods, and Jack Nicklaus are the most successful golfers of all time with the top three most major championship wins.	open_qa
What type of weather is typically associated with the desert?	null	The desert is known for being very hot and very dry	open_qa
Given this paragraph about the Last of Us TV Series, who was not cast in the show?	Casting took place virtually through Zoom due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Casting director Victoria Thomas wanted to honor the game without being limited by it. Mazin and Thomas sought high-profile guest stars; Thomas said many of the actors "don't usually do one-episode guest spots". On February 10, 2021, Pascal and Ramsey were cast as Joel and Ellie. Earlier that day, it was reported Mahershala Ali was offered the role of Joel after Matthew McConaughey turned it down; The Hollywood Reporter noted Ali "did circle a role" in the show, but a deal was never formed. Any actresses considered for Ellie for the canceled film adaptation—such as Maisie Williams and Kaitlyn Dever—had aged out of consideration by the time the series was in production, resulting in a reset of candidates. The producers primarily sought actors who could embody Joel and Ellie individually as well as imitate their relationship.: 14:42 Though both were previously featured on HBO's Game of Thrones, Pascal and Ramsey had not met before the filming of The Last of Us began but found they had instant chemistry, which developed over the course of production.	Matthew McConaughey turned down the role of Joel which was also reportedly offered to and turned down by Mahershala Ali afterwards. Maisie Williams and Kaitlyn Dever were considered for the role of Ellie but aged out of consideration by the time of production.	closed_qa
What does the term 'Thala' mean?	null	The term ‘Thala’ addresses the former Indian cricket captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni (MS Dhoni). He is still the captain, playing for Chennai Super Kings (CSK), an IPL franchise. In the Tamil language, ‘Thala’ means head, and it also means ‘Leader’. After M.G.R., Rajinikanth, MS Dhoni is the most favorite person in Tamil Nadu.	brainstorming
Classify the below into cars or SUVs. Mazda CX50, Nissan Altima, Mazda CX5, Toyota Rav4, KIA Sportage, Honda Civic, Hyundai Elantra.	null	SUVs- Mazda CX50, Mazda CX5, Toyota Rav4, KIA Sportage. Cars- Nissan Altima, Honda Civic, Hyundai Elantra.	classification
What is one of the main trigger for autism in current generation?	null	The research has found that exposing infants or kids less than Two years of age to 2 hours of screen time every day can trigger autism and other significant developmental delays. To avoid environmental factors which can trigger autism, it is suggested for parents or care givers to interact with kids and socialize them instead of exposing them to screen time. The research also shows the autism rates are high in nuclear family where the usage of gadgets or multimedia is high.	open_qa
What are some common items on a charcuterie board?	null	Common items on a charcuterie board include slice cured sausage, pepperoni, goat cheese, manchengo cheese, white cheddar, prosciutto, baby dill pickles, dried apricots, grapes, jam, crackers, and chocolate covered almonds.	brainstorming
Extract a list of notable dates and events in the mentioned text in the format, choosing the earliest year when the text provides a range of dates, and place them in a bullet list: {Year} - {Event}	The first two centuries of the Roman Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (lit. 'Roman Peace'). Rome reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (AD 98–117); a period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus (177–192). In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away from the Roman state, and a series of short-lived emperors, often from the legions, led the Empire. It was reunified under Aurelian (r. 270–275). To stabilize it, Diocletian set up two different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West in 286; Christians rose to positions of power in the 4th century following the Edict of Milan of 313. Shortly after, the Migration Period, involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and by the Huns of Attila, led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the fall of Ravenna to the Germanic Herulians and the deposition of Romulus Augustus in AD 476 by Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed; the Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished it in AD 480. The Eastern Roman Empire survived for another millennium, until Constantinople fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II.	* 98 - Rome reached it's greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan * 177 - Increasing trouble and decline began with the rain of Commodus * 270 - Rome reunified under Aurelian after Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away * 286 - Two imperial courts setup by Diocletian in the Greek East and Latin West * 313 - Edict of Milan led to Christians rising to positions of power * 476 - Deposition of Romulus Augustus by Odoacer following the fall of Ravenena to the Germanic Herulians * 480 - Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished the Western Roman Empire * 1453 - Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks	information_extraction
Have you heard of Yandovy or Яндовы?	Yandovy (Russian: Яндовы) is a rural locality (a village) in Mstyora Urban Settlement, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was one as of 2010. Geography Yandovy is located 16 km northwest of Vyazniki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostenevo is the nearest rural locality.	Yes, I have. Yandovy or Яндовы is a rural locality (a village) in Mstyora Urban Settlement, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population of this village was one as of 2010. It is located 16 km northwest of Vyazniki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostenevo is the nearest rural locality.	closed_qa
Classify each of the following as either a title by Isaac Asimov or Jules Verne: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun, Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air	null	Isaac Asimov: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun Jules Verne: Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air	classification
What is Riot Games' single player game that was released in 2021?	null	Ruined King: A League of Legends Story	open_qa
Give me a summary of 1812 war	The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. Tensions originated in long-standing differences over territorial expansion in North America and British support for Native American tribes who opposed U.S. colonial settlement in the Northwest Territory.	The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It began when the United States declared war on 18 June 1812. Although peace terms were agreed upon in the December 1814 Treaty of Ghent, the war did not officially end until the peace treaty was ratified by Congress on 17 February 1815. Tensions originated in long-standing differences over territorial expansion in North America and British support for Native American tribes who opposed U.S. colonial settlement in the Northwest Territory. These escalated in 1807 after the Royal Navy began enforcing tighter restrictions on American trade with France and press-ganged men they claimed as British subjects, even those with American citizenship certificates. Opinion in the U.S. was split on how to respond, and although majorities in both the House and Senate voted for war, they divided along strict party lines, with the Democratic-Republican Party in favour and the Federalist Party against. News of British concessions made in an attempt to avoid war did not reach the U.S. until late July, by which time the conflict was already underway. At sea, the far larger Royal Navy imposed an effective blockade on U.S. maritime trade, while between 1812 to 1814 British regulars and colonial militia defeated a series of American attacks on Upper Canada. This was balanced by the US winning control of the Northwest Territory with victories at Lake Erie and the Thames in 1813. The abdication of Napoleon in early 1814 allowed the British to send additional troops to North America and the Royal Navy to reinforce their blockade, crippling the American economy. In August 1814, negotiations began in Ghent, with both sides wanting peace; the British economy had been severely impacted by the trade embargo, while the Federalists convened the Hartford Convention in December to formalise their opposition to the war. In August 1814, British troops burned Washington, before American victories at Baltimore and Plattsburgh in September ended fighting in the north. Fighting continued in the Southeastern United States, where in late 1813 a civil war had broken out between a Creek faction supported by Spanish and British traders and those backed by the U.S. Supported by U.S. militia under General Andrew Jackson, the U.S.-backed Creeks won a series of victories, culminating in the capture of Pensacola in November 1814. In early 1815, Jackson defeated a British attack on New Orleans, catapulting him to national celebrity and later victory in the 1828 United States presidential election. News of this success arrived in Washington at the same time as that of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which essentially restored the position to that prevailing before the war. While Britain insisted this included lands belonging to their Native American allies prior to 1811, as Congress did not recognize them as independent nations, the Americans did not comply with these provisions and the British made no effort to compel them to do so. The Native Americans were subsequently pushed west of the Mississippi River.	summarization
What is the correlation between interest rates and bond prices?	null	As interest rates rise, bond prices fall. This is because new bonds are selling at more attractive rates.	open_qa
Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: ton, tonne	null	ton is imperial, tonne is metric	classification
What is YARN?	null	YARN (“Yet Another Resource Negotiator“) is the Hadoop operating system that enables to manage resources and schedule jobs in Hadoop.	open_qa
Classify each of the following as either a type of plant cell or a type of blood cell: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, collenchymal, platelets, eosinophils.	null	Sure, the following are types of plan cells: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, and collenchymal. The following are types of blood cells: monocytes, meutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, platelets, and eosinophils.	classification
Using Rene Girard's mimetic theory, which states that mutual desire for a coveted position or object among a group of individuals creates social rivalry and eventual scapegoating, write a short summary about a football team's season.	null	Season Start: Player 1: I am the fastest. I should be the quarterback. Player 2. I am the strongest. I should be the quarterback. Player 3: I am the smartest. I should be the quarterback Player 4. I have the most experience. I should be the quarterback. Tensions grow among the players during tryouts as they vie for the quarterback position Coach: We want the best players on the field in each position. We only have one quarterback. We need to work as a team to win the championship. We are going with Player 4 as the starter. Season End: The team wins most games but loses in the semi-final despite great effort and superb play from Player 4. However, the entire team is fed up with Player 4. Coach to Player 4: We are going to move in a new direction next season. We are going with Player 2 and you are no longer on the team. The team rejoices for their problems are "solved" with the removal of Player 4. However, in actuality, the team is worse off than before. Scapegoating solves nothing.	creative_writing
For each of these countries, tell whether it lies in the Western Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere, or both: Thailand, United Kingdom, Belize, Japan, Algeria	null	Thailand - Eastern United Kingdom - Both Belize - Western Japan - Eastern Algeria - Both	classification
How would it feel to be the only person left alive in the US?	null	It’s done. I am the only one left, at least in the US. When it first happened, I was convinced that there must be other pockets of people in the US. I have spent the last five years traveling throughout the country, to large cities, small towns and rural areas and I have not seen or heard any people or any evidence that anyone else survived. After five years the loneliness is crushing. Every day I hope to find another human being – to talk to, to touch, perhaps even beginning to rebuild community together. I vacillate between rage and despair that we were unable to save our planet. We had so much global technology and innovation and yet as climate change grew continuously worse nations were unable to collaborate to find solutions. As more and more locations became uninhabitable due to rising heat and humidity, increasingly frequent and intense natural hazards, and failed crops, we simply let people die. Although I still cannot imagine what I could have done differently, I wish I had done more.	creative_writing
What is the difference between pork roll and taylor ham	null	Pork roll and taylor ham are both a processed breakfast meat popular primarily in New Jersey. The primary difference between the two is the geographic location of the person talking about it. They are the same meat, but people from Northern New Jersey call it Taylor Ham. If a person is from Southern or Central New Jersey they will call it Pork roll. Either way it is the same breakfast meat	open_qa
Identify from the following list characters from The X-Files who are bald or balding: Walter Skinner, John Fitzgerald Byers, Dana Scully, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold, Queequeg	null	Walter Skinner, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold	classification
What are common metrics used to measure the market value of a company?	null	Common metrics used to measure the market value of a company are: 1. Revenue 2. Free cash flow 3. Net income 4. Revenue growth rate 5. Free cash flow growth rate 6. Operating margin	open_qa
What are some achievements of the 137th Division	The 137th Division (Chinese: 第137师) was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 26th Division, 9th Column of the Fourth Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 13th Brigade of Jidong Military District formed in November 1945. In the composition of 46th Corps it took part in the Chinese civil war, including the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, and Hengbao Campaign. The division was composed of 409th, 410th, and 411th Infantry Regiments. From August 1952 to October 1955 the division was deployed to North Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army. In June 1953, 518th Artillery Regiment was activated and attached to the division. In October 1955, the division left North Korea along with the corps HQ and was relocated in Jilin City, Jilin Province. In May 1957, the 410th Regiment was reconstituted into reduced status. In February 1960, the 410th Regiment was reestablished to full strength. In April 1960 the division was redesignated as the 137th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第137师). The division was then composed of:	The 137th Division was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 26th Division, 9th Column of the Fourth Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 13th Brigade of Jidong Military District formed in November 1945. In the composition of 46th Corps it took part in the Chinese civil war, including the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, and Hengbao Campaign. The division was composed of 409th, 410th, and 411th Infantry Regiments. From August 1952 to October 1955 the division was deployed to North Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army. In June 1953, 518th Artillery Regiment was activated and attached to the division. In October 1955, the division left North Korea along with the corps HQ and was relocated in Jilin City, Jilin Province. In May 1957, the 410th Regiment was reconstituted into reduced status. In February 1960, the 410th Regiment was reestablished to full strength. In April 1960 the division was redesignated as the 137th Army Division	summarization
Classify each of the following as amphibian or mammal. Dog, Toad, Salamander, Elephant, Frog, Bear	null	Mammals are Dog, Elephant, Bear. Amphibians are Toad, Salamander, Frog.	classification
When was Santa Monica founded?	Santa Monica (Spanish for 'Saint Monica'; Santa Mónica) is a city in Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 U.S. Census population was 93,076. Santa Monica is a popular resort town, owing to its climate, beaches, and hospitality industry. It has a diverse economy, hosting headquarters of companies such as Hulu, Universal Music Group, Lionsgate Films, and The Recording Academy. Santa Monica traces its history to Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica, granted in 1839 to the Sepúlveda family of California. The rancho was later sold to John P. Jones and Robert Baker, who in 1875, along with his Californio heiress wife Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.	Santa Monica was founded in 1886.	closed_qa
In the following passage about mechanical-switch keyboards, which keyboards are the loudest, and how can I make them quieter?	Every key on a mechanical-switch keyboard contains a complete switch underneath. Each switch is composed of a housing, a spring, and a stem, and sometimes other parts such as a separate tactile leaf or a clickbar. Switches come in three variants: "linear" with consistent resistance, "tactile" with a non-audible bump, and "clicky" with both a bump and an audible click. Depending on the resistance of the spring, the key requires different amounts of pressure to actuate and to bottom out. The shape of the stem as well as the design of the switch housing varies the actuation distance and travel distance of the switch. The sound can be altered by the material of the plate, case, lubrication, the keycap profile, and even modifying the individual switch. These modifications, or "mods" include applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch itself, inserting "switch films" to reduce wobble, swapping out the spring inside to modify the resistance of the switch itself and many more. Mechanical keyboards allow for the removal and replacement of keycaps with a common stem type.	Mechanical-switch keyboards with "Clicky" switches come with both a bump and an audible click. Without adjusting the material of the plates or case, the way for users to reduce the noise would be to replace the keycaps or applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch.	closed_qa
My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to big. I need to travel. What could I do?	null	- Get a bigger suitcase - Don't bring your trophy - Send the trophy in a box	brainstorming
What year did the trek in Finding Farley end?	Finding Farley is a 2009 documentary directed by Leanne Allison as she and her husband Karsten Heuer travel across Canada in the literary footsteps of the Canadian writer Farley Mowat. Heuer, a biologist and author, had written a book on his experiences making the documentary Being Caribou, in which he and Allison traveled 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) by foot across Arctic tundra following a herd of 120,000 Porcupine caribou. After reading a draft of Heuer's account, Mowat invited them to visit him at his summer farm in Cape Breton Island. Accompanied by their two-year-old son Zev and dog Willow, the couple left their home in Canmore in May 2007 for a 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi), six-month trek east across Canada. From Canmore, 100 kilometres west of Calgary, they canoed to Hudson Bay, visiting many of the settings that Mowat wrote about in Never Cry Wolf, Lost in the Barrens and People of the Deer. From Hudson Bay, their plan was to travel by sea to northern Labrador, the setting of Mowat's stories such as The Serpent's Coil, Grey Seas Under, Sea of Slaughter and A Whale for the Killing. From Newfoundland and Labrador they planned a final journey by water, arriving at Cape Breton near the end of October. Finding Farley was the top film at the 2010 Banff Mountain Film Festival, receiving both the Grand Prize and People's Choice awards.	2007. Started in May 2007 and lasted 6 months. Which would have been November 2007.	closed_qa
Classify the following shapes by which have 4 sides or which have more than 4 sides: Hexagon, square, rectangle, octagon, decagon, rhombus, parallelogram, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon	null	4 sides: Square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram More than 4 sides: Hexagon, octagon, decagon, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon	classification
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Thavil, Seni rebab	null	Seni rabab is string, Thavil is percussion.	classification
List the territories ceded by Turkey as part of the treaty of Lausanne.	The treaty delimited the boundaries of Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Specifically, the treaty provisioned that all the islands, islets and other territories in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean in the original text) beyond three miles from the Turkish shores were ceded to Greece, with the exception of Imbros, Tenedos and Rabbit islands (Articles 6 and 12). There is a special notation in both articles, that, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise, the Turkish sovereignty extends three miles from Asia Minor shores. The Greek population of Imbros and Tenedos was not included in the population exchange and would be protected under the stipulations of the protection of the minorities in Turkey (Article 38). The major issue of the war reparations, demanded from Greece by Turkey, was abandoned after Greece agreed to cede Karaağaç to Turkey. Turkey also formally ceded all claims on the Dodecanese Islands (Article 15); Cyprus (Article 20); Egypt and Sudan (Article 17); Syria and Iraq (Article 3); and (along with the Treaty of Ankara) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations. The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula, which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also meant that Turkey officially ceded them. These territories included the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, Asir and parts of Hejaz like the city of Medina. They were held by Turkish forces until 23 January 1919. By Articles 25 and 26 of the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey officially ceded Adakale Island in the Danube River to Romania by formally recognizing the related provisions in the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. Due to a diplomatic irregularity at the 1878 Congress of Berlin, the island had technically remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey also renounced its privileges in Libya which were defined by Article 10 of the Treaty of Ouchy in 1912 (per Article 22 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.)	- All territories in the Aegean Sea except for Imbros, Tenedos, and Rabbit islands - Dodecanese islands - Cyprus - Egypt - Territories to the south of Syria and Iraq in the Arabian Peninsula - Adakale island in the Danube river	summarization
Tell me whether these are cheese or bread: Gouda, Focaccia, Brie, Baguette, Pecorino, Romano, Cheddar, Brioche, Ciabatta, Manchego, Smoked Gouda, Pita, Sourdough	null	Gouda is a type of cheese. Focaccia is a type of bread. Brie is a type of cheese. Baguette is a type of bread. Pecorino Romano is a type of cheese. Cheddar is a type of cheese. Brioche is a type of bread. Ciabatta is a type of bread. Manchego is a type of cheese. Smoked Gouda is a type of cheese. Pita is a type of bread. Sourdough is a type of bread.	classification
Please classify each of the following as European or Asian countries: England, Thailand, Greece, Japan.	null	England and Greece are European countries, while Thailand and Japan are Asian countries.	classification
Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Maserati, RAM	null	RAM is American, Maserati is Italian	classification
Write a witty paragraph about a chicken's thought process for crossing the road.	null	Oh my, that is a lovely shrub over there past the black track. I wonder if it smells as good as I imagine it would. I do wonder if all the fast folks passing by know this shrub and thus are not bothered by the curiosity. There is no way around it; I have to get close to confirm it.	creative_writing
What are the words of House Hightower?	null	"We Light the Way"	open_qa
How many sinking ships did Violet Jessop survive? Be precise.	Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the "Queen of sinking ships" or "Miss Unsinkable," was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911.	2.	closed_qa
How cloudy is Seattle USA	The Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States, due in part to frequent storms and lows moving in from the adjacent Pacific Ocean. With many more "rain days" than other major American cities, Seattle has a well-earned reputation for frequent rain. In an average year, at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of precipitation falls on 150 days, more than nearly all U.S. cities east of the Rocky Mountains. However, because it often has merely a light drizzle falling from the sky for many days, Seattle actually receives significantly less rainfall (or other precipitation) overall than many other U.S. cities like New York City, Miami, or Houston. Seattle is cloudy 201 days out of the year and partly cloudy 93 days.	Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States due to frequent storms moving from the adjacent pacific ocean. Temperature extremes are moderated by the winds from Pacific ocean.Seattle is cloudy for 290 days in a year. Seattle has many more rainy days than any major US cities. In a year at-least 0.01 inches of precipitation falls on 150 days	information_extraction
Why did you take so long to get home last night?	null	On my home from work, I decided that I should go by the grocery store to pick up some water, cheese and other groceries for breakfast. As I was getting off of the freeway I saw something out of the corner of my eye running across the sidewalk. When I stopped at the traffic light, I was able to see that there was a puppy that appeared to be lost and wandering around. I was a hurry but the pup seemed really cold and shivering. I saw that it was going into a nearby parking lot that was on my way so I pulled over. I got out of my car and carefully walked up to the puppy to see if it had a tag or any identification. Suddenly, I saw a shadow pass behind me and someone grabbed me from behind and tried to wrestle my keys away from me. Too bad for him, he didn't realize that I'm a UFC champion. Lucky for him, he only ended up with a missing tooth. It took a while for the police to show up so that's why I was late.	creative_writing
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Madhalam, Erhu	null	Erhu is string, Madhalam is percussion.	classification
Tell me whether these clothes are formal or informal: suit, tuxedo, bathing suit, gym shorts, slacks, tank top	null	Suit: Formal Tuxedo: Formal Bathing Suit: Informal Gym Shorts: Informal Slacks: Formal Tank Top: Informal	classification
Is FreeBSD a Linux distribution?	null	No. FreeBSD is complete operating system that descends from the original Unix system through the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) development-line. Linux is a family of operating system distributions packaged by third parties, using the Linux Kernel. The licensing of FreeBSD is also available under a permissive BSD license while Linux is uses a copy-left based GPL license.	open_qa
Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Guinea. Mamou, Leava, Mata-Utu, Conakry, Guéckédou	null	Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Guinea - Conakry, Mamou, Guéckédou	classification
What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a broken mind.	null	1. A broken mind is like a rusty hinge, capable of opening up new possibilities. 2. A broken mind is like a cracked mirror, reflecting a distorted view of reality. 3. A broken mind is like a sieve, allowing ideas to pass through and filter out the important ones. 4. A broken mind is like a pebble in a stream, providing a gentle nudge to go in a new direction. 5. A broken mind is like a silent voice, conveying a message that is not always heard.	brainstorming
Classify each country as Spanish or Portuguese speaking: Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal	null	Peru: Spanish Speaking Argentina: Spanish Speaking Chile: Spanish Speaking Brazil: Portuguese Speaking Mexico: Spanish Speaking Portugal: Portuguese Speaking	classification
Tell me about Roger Federer	Roger Federer (German: [ˈrɔdʒər ˈfeːdərər]; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as "the greatest and most successful" Swiss sportsperson in history. A Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009. Federer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup. A versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.	Roger Federer, born 8 August 1981, is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as "the greatest and most successful" Swiss sportsperson in history. A Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009. Federer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup. A versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.	closed_qa

Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Superman, Thor

null

Thor is Marvel, Superman is DC

classification

What is the largest lake in Switzerland?

null

The largest lake in Switzerland with an area of 218 km2 is Lake Neuchâtel. Lake Geneva is the largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, but is divided between Switzerland and France.

open_qa

Tell me whether these are items used for caring for a baby or a dog: crate, diaper, leash, swaddle, and chew toy.

null

The diaper and swaddle are for a baby, and the crate and leash are for a dog. Both babies and dogs use chew toys.

classification

Give me a list of Premier League winners in the last 5 years with corresponding points.

null

2021-2022: Manchester City, 93 2020-2021: Manchester City, 86 2019-2020: Liverpool, 99 2018-2019: Manchester City, 98 2017-2018: Manchester City, 100

brainstorming

Name the Chinese satellite launched for Mars which failed?

null

Yinghuo-1 was the Chinese satellite that failed the launch for Mars

open_qa

Classify the below devices based on the brand which manufactures them. iPhone, iPad, MacBook, Pixel watch, Galaxy phone

null

iPhone, iPad, MacBook - Apple Pixel watch - Google Galaxy phone - Samsung

classification

Give me a list of recommendations to quickly heal from an achilles rupture surgery.

null

Get plenty of rest Stay off the injured leg Keep the foot elevated above the heart Take medication to keep inflammation down Ice the area to reduce swelling Brace the ankle and foot, and point the toe down in a plantar flexion position

brainstorming

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mirwas, Esraj

null

Esraj is string, Mirwas is percussion.

classification

Which of these teams play in the National Rugby League (NRL) or the Australian Football League (AFL)? Sydney Swans, Penrith Panthers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Brisbane Lions, Brisbane Broncos, Manly Sea Eagles & Fremantle Dockers

null

NRL teams: Penrith Panthers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Brisbane Broncos, Manly Sea Eagles AFL teams: Sydney Swans, Brisbane Lions, Fremantle Dockers

classification

What are some of the best Sports Movies of all time?

null

1) Hoosiers 2) Rocky 3) Any Given Sunday 4) Miracle 5) Remember the Titans 6) Hoop Dreams 7) Raging Bull 8) Friday Night Lights 9) The Natural 10) Chariots of Fire

open_qa

Classify each of the words as singular or plural: lions, bee, door, fence, ocean, lakes, people

null

Lions: Plural Bee: Singular Door: Singular Fence: Singular Ocean: Singular Lakes: Plural People: Plural

classification

What was the hit single on Nek's 1996 Album Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto?

Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto (She, friends and everything else), is the fourth studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Nek. It was released in 1996, as his first studio album with Warner Music Group. It was re-released on 1 March 1997, after the success of the single "Laura non c'è", which had not been included in the album. Since 1999 there have been reported sales of over 2 million copies all over the world.

Laura non c'è" was the hit single, but wasn't added until the album was released in 1997.

closed_qa

Are these cities or countries: Tokyo, Riyadh, Florence, Monteverde, Nafplio

null

cities

classification

Classify each of the following universities as being in the ACC or SEC: Ole Miss, LSU, FSU, Clemson, UGA, Miami

null

Ole Miss: SEC LSU: SEC FSU: ACC Clemson: ACC UGA: SEC Miami: ACC

classification

What are some tools to help combat ADD and ADHD?

null

Daily exercise, getting sufficient sleep, reducing sugar, meditation, creating lists, color coding files, using highlighters for reading

brainstorming

Which is a species of fish? Cisco or Palo Alto

null

Cisco

classification

What is the difference between NumPy and pandas?

null

Pandas is mostly used for data analysis tasks in Python. NumPy is mostly used for working with numerical values as it makes it easy to apply mathematical functions.

open_qa

Give me a list of the best movies I've never seen.

null

I would definitely recommend to watch Lord of the Rings. It is a great fantasy movie about friendship and how in the end, the good always prevails. The scale and grandeur, also the cast of the movie was superb. Any film where Tom Hanks is in the lead role should also be watched, as an actor he is simply amazing, and comes across so natural and convincing. If you like action movies, I can heartily recommend all the James Bond movies with Daniel Craig in the lead role. The cinematography, tension, music all play together so well. Speaking of cinematography, one would be amiss to not watch the latest movies of David Villeneuve, for example Inception or Dune. Timothee Chalamais, who is leading role in Dune, also did a great performance in 'The King' - if you liked the character in Dune for example. Other movies would be Interstellar, a great Sci-Fi movie, the Hunger Games trilogy and so many more.

brainstorming

Write a short poem about the relevance of AI in the workplace in the style of Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven.

null

Once upon a work night late, as I laboured, pondered, flailed, Over such an email that management might adore — While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of something gently rapping, rapping in my browser's core. "'Tis the little AI helper, tapping in my browsers core— Volunteering to do my chore."

creative_writing

Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}

Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children.

• November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born • 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball.

information_extraction

Who won the 2022 SEC softball Season?

The 2022 SEC softball season began play Thursday, February 10, and conference play began on Thursday, March 11. The 2022 Southeastern Conference softball tournament was May 10-14 at Katie Seashole Pressly Softball Stadium in Gainesville, Florida. Arkansas played Missouri in the tournament final, winning by a score of 4–0. Vanderbilt University is the only full member of the Southeastern Conference to not sponsor a softball program.

Arkansas won the SEC softball season beating Missouri by 4-0.

summarization

How is it that some high net-worth individuals are able to avoid paying taxes completely?

null

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxes regular income and investment income differently. For one type of common investment income i.e long term capital gains, the tax rates are 0%, 15% and 20% based on the annual income of the individual. The income used for calculating the above rates doesn't include income from the long term capital gains itself. For example, if an individual makes less than $41,675 for the year 2022 through regular income, his or her capital gains tax rate would be 0% even if the long term capital gains itself is more than a million dollars. Assuming many of these high net-worth individuals don't have any regular income and all their income is through long term capital gains, they end up paying no taxes at all.

open_qa

How is it that some high net-worth individuals are able to avoid paying taxes completely?

null

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxes regular income and investment income differently. For one type of common investment income i.e long term capital gains, the tax rates are 0%, 15% and 20% based on the annual income of the individual. The income used for calculating the above rates doesn't include income from the long term capital gains itself. For example, if an individual makes less than $41,675 for the year 2022 through regular income, his or her capital gains tax rate would be 0% even if the long term capital gains itself is more than a million dollars. Assuming many of these high net-worth individuals don't have any regular income and all their income is through long term capital gains, they end up paying no taxes at all.

open_qa

Classify each of the following as cold or hot: snow, fire, refrigerator, lava, stove top, freezer

null

Snow: Cold Fire: Hot Refrigerator: Cold Lava: Hot Stove Top: Hot Freezer: Cold

classification

List five titles by Margaret Atwood.

null

The Handmaid's Tale, The Testaments, The Edible Woman, Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood

open_qa

What is the name of Frankenstein's monster?

null

Contrary to what many people think, the monster is not named Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein is the name of the scientist who created the monster in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus." The monster does not have a name and is simply referred to as "the Creature."

open_qa

Earnst & Young Entrepreneur of the year awards 2021 was given to whom

null

Falguni Nayar(founder and CEO of Nykaa)

open_qa

Who are the known members of the student group named Dumbledor's Army, from the Harry Potter book series.

null

The known list of students in Dumbledor's Army is as follows: Harry Potter (leader and teacher) Ron Weasley (co-founder) Hermione Granger (co-founder) Neville Longbottom (Leader) Ginny Weasley (Leader) Luna Lovegood (Leader) Angelina Johnson Alice Tolipan Alicia Spinnet Anthony Goldstein Cho Chang Colin Creevey Cormac McLaggen Dean Thomas Dennis Creevey Ernie Macmillan Fred Weasley George Weasley Hannah Abbott Justin Finch-Fletchley Katie Bell Lavender Brown Leanne Lee Jordan Luca Caruso Maisy Reynolds Marietta Edgecombe Michael Corner Nigel Wolpert Padma Patil Parvati Patil Romilda Vane Seamus Finnigan Susan Bones Terry Boot Zacharias Smith

brainstorming

Tell me whether each person is a basketball or hockey player: Lebron James, Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman, Tyler Johnson, Kobe Bryant, Carmelo Anthony

null

Lebron James: Basketball Player Steven Stamkos: Hockey Player Victor Hedman: Hockey Player Tyler Johnson: Hockey Player Kobe Bryant: Basketball Player Carmelo Anthony: Basketball Player

classification

Give me a list of Shakespeare's plays

null

- Hamlet - Romeo and Juliet - King Lear - Othello - Titus Andronicus - Love's Labour's Lost - Twelfth Night - A Midsummer Night's Dream - A Winter's Tale - The Tempest - Troilus and Cressida - Pericles - Antony and Cleopatra - All's Well That End's Well - The Merchant of Venice - Henry IV Part 1 - Henry IV Part 2 - Henry V - Henry VI Part 1 - Henry VI Part 2 - Henry VI Part 3 - Henry VIII - Richard II - Richard III - King John - Julius Caesar - As You Like It - Macbeth - The Merry Wives of Windsor - Two Gentlemen of Verona - The Taming of the Shrew - Coriolanus - Timon of Athens - Much Ado About Nothing - Cymbeline - The Comedy of Errors - Two Noble Kinsmen - Measure for Measure

brainstorming

How long did dinosaurs rule earth?

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles[note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 245 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds.

Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial species on earth for about 135.3 million years.

information_extraction

Why is the most of the world's land is north of the equator?

null

It just happened to be the way at the moment. Believe it or not, the earth's continents are slowly moving. Around 300 million years ago, our planet had one big mass of land called Pangaea. It was mainly south of the equator. In another 200 million years, things will look different again.

open_qa

classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: caltrain, train, nijiya market, dinner, internet bill, plane, boba, bar

null

bar should be food & drink, boba should be food & drink, plane should be travel, dinner should be food & drink, nijiya market should be grocery, caltrain should be travel

classification

Did David Petrarca direct any episodes in the second season of Game of Thrones?

null

Yes, David Petrarca directed two episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones: Garden of Bones and The Ghost of Harrenhal.

open_qa

Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.

null

Dear diary, you have been a faithful companion to me, all this while, the only true friend I have. Or, may, I say, the only witness to my thoughts - because there is no one else. Yes, I am the only person around in this world. Does this make me happy or sad, you ask? I am conflicted, to be honest. As an introvert, I always wanted solitude and peace. The ability to be myself, to not just think my own thoughts but act like no one was watching. And yet, now, when I really can do this (believe me, no one is watching me, or even the security tapes!), I long for a voice to hear and for someone to talk back to me, see me act stupid or act out my weirdest thoughts, and in general just listen to me. But, there is no one. And this scares me, as well. Why am I writing this down, when I rarely, if ever, read you back? It is, probably, with a hidden hope that someone some day will read it and understand my thoughts and ideas without judgement. If no one ever will read it, because there is no human left on planet Earth, why am I writing this even? I always read (and scoffed at) the books telling me "Man is a social animal" - I felt they did not refer or apply to me me. And now, dear friend, I have realised a little too late in life that it wasn't the books that did not recognise me. Rather, it was I who didn't understand myself. Farewell and adieu!

creative_writing

What were the reasons for Enzo Ferrari to leave Alfa Romeo and start his own auto company?

null

In 1937 Enzo Ferrari quit Alfa-Romeo under agreement that he could not race or design anything under his name for four years. During World War II, Ferrari's company was forced to undertake war production for Mussolini's fascist government, thus supplying auto parts for the Italian military.

open_qa

Tell me whether these are food or drink: juice, hamburger, coke, pizza, hotdog, steak, lemonade, apple cider.

null

Food: hamburger, pizza, hotdog, steak. Drink: juice, coke, pizza, lemonade, apple cider.

classification

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Semantron, Saw sam sai

null

Saw sam sai is string, Semantron is percussion.

classification

5 Mistake to avoid in road trip

null

1. Take enough Water 2. Keep some snacks 3. Always carry Knife , may be a pocket one 4. Always take break every 2 and half hours 5. Try to take country road if available

brainstorming

Which is a bird or fish: Redhorse sucker, Red-necked grebe

null

Red-necked grebe is a bird, Redhorse sucker is a fish

classification

Given this paragraph about battles during India Independence day, what was the date when India win the Independence

August 15, 1947

Independence Day is celebrated annually on 15 August as a public holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, the day when the provisions of the Indian Independence Act, which transferred legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly, came into effect. India retained King George VI as head of state until its transition to a republic, when the Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950 (celebrated as Indian Republic Day) and replaced the dominion prefix, Dominion of India, with the enactment of the sovereign law Constitution of India. India attained independence following the independence movement noted for largely non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.

closed_qa

Categorize these colors as either warm colors or cool colors: yellow, red, blue, green, white, black.

null

Yellow and red are warm colors, green and blue are cool colors, white and black are neutral colors, considered neither warm nor cool.

classification

Imagine you are someone's shadow for a day. Write about your experiences in the present tense.

null

I'm feeling surprised this morning. I feel a little flatter than usual, and a little lighter. To be honest with you, I can't see myself at all. WOW! Someone turned the lights on. I can't see! Wait... I'm on the floor. Why am I on the floor? I'm right behind this man, he's just got out of bed. I don't recognise this room. Ah. I seem to be a shadow. Not what I was hoping for this morning, if I'm being honest. I have a big day at work, and this is going to make things rather more challenging. I'll have to get on with it though, stiff upper lip and all that. I can only hope this my shadow's driver has an interesting plan for the day. It's looking promising so far. They are putting on hiking boots and other outdoor wear. Certainly better than staying inside and playing video games all day. I'd hardly have anything to do at all. Now we need to hope for some good weather. If we're in Norway, there isn't much light at this time of the year. I'd barely even exist. Finally, he's opened the curtains. I've struck gold. We're in the Sierra Nevada mountains in Spain, and it's a clear day. We're outside and we're climbing. This is fun! But scary! I never climbed before in my real body. I wish he would stop sitting down to rest. I don't like being sat on. The view from the summit, it's finally here. It's amazing. Or at least that is what the man says. As a 2 dimensional shadow, I can't really see much. I'm not tall enough.

creative_writing

List some cool places to go visit when you go to Prescott, AZ

null

1. Whisky Row, Downtown Prescott 2. Jerome - copper mines 3. Sedona - Natural Waterslides 4. Off-roading 5. Lynx Lake 6. Watson Lake 7. Gold Water Lake 8. Prescott Camp Grounds 9. Mortimer Farms 10. Tim’s Toyota Center

brainstorming

Which is a species of fish? Treefish or Tree

null

Treefish

classification

Tell me about the first commercial winery in California.

null

The first commercial winery in California was founded in 1857 by Hungarian-American Agoston Haraszthy who is referred to as the "Father of California Wine" (this moniker also is applied to Spanish Jesuit missionary, Father Junípero Serra). Haraszthy opened Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma. By 1859, the winery was producing two million gallons of wine a year and one of its most popular products was sparkling wine. The winery faced numerous troubles over the years, such as bankruptcy, a devastating infestation of Grape phylloxera, and Prohibition. The winery was acquired at auction and original vines replanted and reopened in the 1940s. In 1984, the winery estate expanded an additional 1,000 acres after it was purchased by a West German company. The winery continued to change hands and is now under the ownership of Jean-Charles Boisset, who operates over two dozen wineries under his wine group, Boisset Collection. The winery still sits on its original location and has been added to the US National Register of Historic Places and the list of California Historical Landmarks.

open_qa

Based on this passage, what is the average number of people per family in Zangisheh?

Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families.

I can only tell you what it was in 2006, because this is when the survey data provided is from. The average number of people per family at that time is the population divided by the number of families, or 153 / 34.

closed_qa

Classify each of the following as a city, state, or country: Dallas, Bozeman, Kentucky, Ohio, USA, Canada

null

Dallas: City Bozeman: City Kentucky: State Ohio: State USA: Country Canada: Country

classification

Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, how many Jimmy John's locations are there?

Jimmy John's is an American sandwich chain headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. The business was founded by Jimmy John Liautaud in 1983. After Liautaud graduated from high school, his father gave him a choice to either join the military or start a business. Liautaud, choosing the latter, initially decided to start a hot dog business, but changed to opening a sandwich business due to costs. The Jimmy John's franchise has over 2700 locations, with 98% of them being franchises. in 2016, Roark Capital Group purchased a majority stake in the company. Later, in 2019, Inspire Brands purchased the company from Roark Capital Group for an unspecified amount.

There are currently 2700 locations in the Jimmy John's franchise.

closed_qa

My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to small. I need to travel. What could I do?

null

- Get a bigger suite case - Don't bring the trophy - Send the trophy in a box

brainstorming

What are some guitar brands associated with classic rock?

null

Some guitar brands associated with classic rock include Fender, Gibson, Marshall, Vox, and Rickenbacker.

brainstorming

What is the fastest or speediest animal?

null

The fastest or speediest animal is the peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon can achieve speeds of 242 mph (389 km/h) in a dive. However the fastest land animal is the cheetah. The cheetah can achieve speeds of 75 mph (120 km/h)

open_qa

Tell me whether the following European languages are in the Indo-European language family or not: Spanish, English, Basque, Finnish, Romanian, Hungarian, and Catalan.

null

Spanish, Romanian, and Catalan are all Indo-European languages classified within the Romance branch of Indo-European languages. English and German are both Indo-European languages classified within the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages. Basque, Finnish, and Hungarian are not Indo-European languages. Basque is a language isolate and is not known to be related to any other living language. Finnish and Hungarian are Uralic languages and are not related to the Indo-European languages.

classification

How long is a professional football field.

null

A professional football field is 100 yards long.

open_qa

Who are some of the most successful golfers in history?

null

Sam Snead, Tiger Woods, and Jack Nicklaus are the most successful golfers of all time with the top three most major championship wins.

open_qa

What type of weather is typically associated with the desert?

null

The desert is known for being very hot and very dry

open_qa

Given this paragraph about the Last of Us TV Series, who was not cast in the show?

Casting took place virtually through Zoom due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Casting director Victoria Thomas wanted to honor the game without being limited by it. Mazin and Thomas sought high-profile guest stars; Thomas said many of the actors "don't usually do one-episode guest spots". On February 10, 2021, Pascal and Ramsey were cast as Joel and Ellie. Earlier that day, it was reported Mahershala Ali was offered the role of Joel after Matthew McConaughey turned it down; The Hollywood Reporter noted Ali "did circle a role" in the show, but a deal was never formed. Any actresses considered for Ellie for the canceled film adaptation—such as Maisie Williams and Kaitlyn Dever—had aged out of consideration by the time the series was in production, resulting in a reset of candidates. The producers primarily sought actors who could embody Joel and Ellie individually as well as imitate their relationship.: 14:42 Though both were previously featured on HBO's Game of Thrones, Pascal and Ramsey had not met before the filming of The Last of Us began but found they had instant chemistry, which developed over the course of production.

Matthew McConaughey turned down the role of Joel which was also reportedly offered to and turned down by Mahershala Ali afterwards. Maisie Williams and Kaitlyn Dever were considered for the role of Ellie but aged out of consideration by the time of production.

closed_qa

What does the term 'Thala' mean?

null

The term ‘Thala’ addresses the former Indian cricket captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni (MS Dhoni). He is still the captain, playing for Chennai Super Kings (CSK), an IPL franchise. In the Tamil language, ‘Thala’ means head, and it also means ‘Leader’. After M.G.R., Rajinikanth, MS Dhoni is the most favorite person in Tamil Nadu.

brainstorming

Classify the below into cars or SUVs. Mazda CX50, Nissan Altima, Mazda CX5, Toyota Rav4, KIA Sportage, Honda Civic, Hyundai Elantra.

null

SUVs- Mazda CX50, Mazda CX5, Toyota Rav4, KIA Sportage. Cars- Nissan Altima, Honda Civic, Hyundai Elantra.

classification

What is one of the main trigger for autism in current generation?

null

The research has found that exposing infants or kids less than Two years of age to 2 hours of screen time every day can trigger autism and other significant developmental delays. To avoid environmental factors which can trigger autism, it is suggested for parents or care givers to interact with kids and socialize them instead of exposing them to screen time. The research also shows the autism rates are high in nuclear family where the usage of gadgets or multimedia is high.

open_qa

What are some common items on a charcuterie board?

null

Common items on a charcuterie board include slice cured sausage, pepperoni, goat cheese, manchengo cheese, white cheddar, prosciutto, baby dill pickles, dried apricots, grapes, jam, crackers, and chocolate covered almonds.

brainstorming

Extract a list of notable dates and events in the mentioned text in the format, choosing the earliest year when the text provides a range of dates, and place them in a bullet list: {Year} - {Event}

The first two centuries of the Roman Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (lit. 'Roman Peace'). Rome reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (AD 98–117); a period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus (177–192). In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away from the Roman state, and a series of short-lived emperors, often from the legions, led the Empire. It was reunified under Aurelian (r. 270–275). To stabilize it, Diocletian set up two different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West in 286; Christians rose to positions of power in the 4th century following the Edict of Milan of 313. Shortly after, the Migration Period, involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and by the Huns of Attila, led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the fall of Ravenna to the Germanic Herulians and the deposition of Romulus Augustus in AD 476 by Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed; the Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished it in AD 480. The Eastern Roman Empire survived for another millennium, until Constantinople fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II.

* 98 - Rome reached it's greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan * 177 - Increasing trouble and decline began with the rain of Commodus * 270 - Rome reunified under Aurelian after Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away * 286 - Two imperial courts setup by Diocletian in the Greek East and Latin West * 313 - Edict of Milan led to Christians rising to positions of power * 476 - Deposition of Romulus Augustus by Odoacer following the fall of Ravenena to the Germanic Herulians * 480 - Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished the Western Roman Empire * 1453 - Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks

information_extraction

Have you heard of Yandovy or Яндовы?

Yandovy (Russian: Яндовы) is a rural locality (a village) in Mstyora Urban Settlement, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was one as of 2010. Geography Yandovy is located 16 km northwest of Vyazniki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostenevo is the nearest rural locality.

Yes, I have. Yandovy or Яндовы is a rural locality (a village) in Mstyora Urban Settlement, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population of this village was one as of 2010. It is located 16 km northwest of Vyazniki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostenevo is the nearest rural locality.

closed_qa

Classify each of the following as either a title by Isaac Asimov or Jules Verne: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun, Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air

null

Isaac Asimov: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun Jules Verne: Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air

classification

What is Riot Games' single player game that was released in 2021?

null

Ruined King: A League of Legends Story

open_qa

Give me a summary of 1812 war

The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. Tensions originated in long-standing differences over territorial expansion in North America and British support for Native American tribes who opposed U.S. colonial settlement in the Northwest Territory.

The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It began when the United States declared war on 18 June 1812. Although peace terms were agreed upon in the December 1814 Treaty of Ghent, the war did not officially end until the peace treaty was ratified by Congress on 17 February 1815. Tensions originated in long-standing differences over territorial expansion in North America and British support for Native American tribes who opposed U.S. colonial settlement in the Northwest Territory. These escalated in 1807 after the Royal Navy began enforcing tighter restrictions on American trade with France and press-ganged men they claimed as British subjects, even those with American citizenship certificates. Opinion in the U.S. was split on how to respond, and although majorities in both the House and Senate voted for war, they divided along strict party lines, with the Democratic-Republican Party in favour and the Federalist Party against. News of British concessions made in an attempt to avoid war did not reach the U.S. until late July, by which time the conflict was already underway. At sea, the far larger Royal Navy imposed an effective blockade on U.S. maritime trade, while between 1812 to 1814 British regulars and colonial militia defeated a series of American attacks on Upper Canada. This was balanced by the US winning control of the Northwest Territory with victories at Lake Erie and the Thames in 1813. The abdication of Napoleon in early 1814 allowed the British to send additional troops to North America and the Royal Navy to reinforce their blockade, crippling the American economy. In August 1814, negotiations began in Ghent, with both sides wanting peace; the British economy had been severely impacted by the trade embargo, while the Federalists convened the Hartford Convention in December to formalise their opposition to the war. In August 1814, British troops burned Washington, before American victories at Baltimore and Plattsburgh in September ended fighting in the north. Fighting continued in the Southeastern United States, where in late 1813 a civil war had broken out between a Creek faction supported by Spanish and British traders and those backed by the U.S. Supported by U.S. militia under General Andrew Jackson, the U.S.-backed Creeks won a series of victories, culminating in the capture of Pensacola in November 1814. In early 1815, Jackson defeated a British attack on New Orleans, catapulting him to national celebrity and later victory in the 1828 United States presidential election. News of this success arrived in Washington at the same time as that of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which essentially restored the position to that prevailing before the war. While Britain insisted this included lands belonging to their Native American allies prior to 1811, as Congress did not recognize them as independent nations, the Americans did not comply with these provisions and the British made no effort to compel them to do so. The Native Americans were subsequently pushed west of the Mississippi River.

summarization

What is the correlation between interest rates and bond prices?

null

As interest rates rise, bond prices fall. This is because new bonds are selling at more attractive rates.

open_qa

Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: ton, tonne

null

ton is imperial, tonne is metric

classification

What is YARN?

null

YARN (“Yet Another Resource Negotiator“) is the Hadoop operating system that enables to manage resources and schedule jobs in Hadoop.

open_qa

Classify each of the following as either a type of plant cell or a type of blood cell: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, collenchymal, platelets, eosinophils.

null

Sure, the following are types of plan cells: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, and collenchymal. The following are types of blood cells: monocytes, meutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, platelets, and eosinophils.

classification

Using Rene Girard's mimetic theory, which states that mutual desire for a coveted position or object among a group of individuals creates social rivalry and eventual scapegoating, write a short summary about a football team's season.

null

Season Start: Player 1: I am the fastest. I should be the quarterback. Player 2. I am the strongest. I should be the quarterback. Player 3: I am the smartest. I should be the quarterback Player 4. I have the most experience. I should be the quarterback. Tensions grow among the players during tryouts as they vie for the quarterback position Coach: We want the best players on the field in each position. We only have one quarterback. We need to work as a team to win the championship. We are going with Player 4 as the starter. Season End: The team wins most games but loses in the semi-final despite great effort and superb play from Player 4. However, the entire team is fed up with Player 4. Coach to Player 4: We are going to move in a new direction next season. We are going with Player 2 and you are no longer on the team. The team rejoices for their problems are "solved" with the removal of Player 4. However, in actuality, the team is worse off than before. Scapegoating solves nothing.

creative_writing

For each of these countries, tell whether it lies in the Western Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere, or both: Thailand, United Kingdom, Belize, Japan, Algeria

null

Thailand - Eastern United Kingdom - Both Belize - Western Japan - Eastern Algeria - Both

classification

How would it feel to be the only person left alive in the US?

null

It’s done. I am the only one left, at least in the US. When it first happened, I was convinced that there must be other pockets of people in the US. I have spent the last five years traveling throughout the country, to large cities, small towns and rural areas and I have not seen or heard any people or any evidence that anyone else survived. After five years the loneliness is crushing. Every day I hope to find another human being – to talk to, to touch, perhaps even beginning to rebuild community together. I vacillate between rage and despair that we were unable to save our planet. We had so much global technology and innovation and yet as climate change grew continuously worse nations were unable to collaborate to find solutions. As more and more locations became uninhabitable due to rising heat and humidity, increasingly frequent and intense natural hazards, and failed crops, we simply let people die. Although I still cannot imagine what I could have done differently, I wish I had done more.

creative_writing

What is the difference between pork roll and taylor ham

null

Pork roll and taylor ham are both a processed breakfast meat popular primarily in New Jersey. The primary difference between the two is the geographic location of the person talking about it. They are the same meat, but people from Northern New Jersey call it Taylor Ham. If a person is from Southern or Central New Jersey they will call it Pork roll. Either way it is the same breakfast meat

open_qa

Identify from the following list characters from The X-Files who are bald or balding: Walter Skinner, John Fitzgerald Byers, Dana Scully, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold, Queequeg

null

Walter Skinner, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold

classification

What are common metrics used to measure the market value of a company?

null

Common metrics used to measure the market value of a company are: 1. Revenue 2. Free cash flow 3. Net income 4. Revenue growth rate 5. Free cash flow growth rate 6. Operating margin

open_qa

What are some achievements of the 137th Division

The 137th Division (Chinese: 第137师) was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 26th Division, 9th Column of the Fourth Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 13th Brigade of Jidong Military District formed in November 1945. In the composition of 46th Corps it took part in the Chinese civil war, including the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, and Hengbao Campaign. The division was composed of 409th, 410th, and 411th Infantry Regiments. From August 1952 to October 1955 the division was deployed to North Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army. In June 1953, 518th Artillery Regiment was activated and attached to the division. In October 1955, the division left North Korea along with the corps HQ and was relocated in Jilin City, Jilin Province. In May 1957, the 410th Regiment was reconstituted into reduced status. In February 1960, the 410th Regiment was reestablished to full strength. In April 1960 the division was redesignated as the 137th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第137师). The division was then composed of:

The 137th Division was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 26th Division, 9th Column of the Fourth Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 13th Brigade of Jidong Military District formed in November 1945. In the composition of 46th Corps it took part in the Chinese civil war, including the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, and Hengbao Campaign. The division was composed of 409th, 410th, and 411th Infantry Regiments. From August 1952 to October 1955 the division was deployed to North Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army. In June 1953, 518th Artillery Regiment was activated and attached to the division. In October 1955, the division left North Korea along with the corps HQ and was relocated in Jilin City, Jilin Province. In May 1957, the 410th Regiment was reconstituted into reduced status. In February 1960, the 410th Regiment was reestablished to full strength. In April 1960 the division was redesignated as the 137th Army Division

summarization

Classify each of the following as amphibian or mammal. Dog, Toad, Salamander, Elephant, Frog, Bear

null

Mammals are Dog, Elephant, Bear. Amphibians are Toad, Salamander, Frog.

classification

When was Santa Monica founded?

Santa Monica (Spanish for 'Saint Monica'; Santa Mónica) is a city in Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 U.S. Census population was 93,076. Santa Monica is a popular resort town, owing to its climate, beaches, and hospitality industry. It has a diverse economy, hosting headquarters of companies such as Hulu, Universal Music Group, Lionsgate Films, and The Recording Academy. Santa Monica traces its history to Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica, granted in 1839 to the Sepúlveda family of California. The rancho was later sold to John P. Jones and Robert Baker, who in 1875, along with his Californio heiress wife Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.

Santa Monica was founded in 1886.

closed_qa

In the following passage about mechanical-switch keyboards, which keyboards are the loudest, and how can I make them quieter?

Every key on a mechanical-switch keyboard contains a complete switch underneath. Each switch is composed of a housing, a spring, and a stem, and sometimes other parts such as a separate tactile leaf or a clickbar. Switches come in three variants: "linear" with consistent resistance, "tactile" with a non-audible bump, and "clicky" with both a bump and an audible click. Depending on the resistance of the spring, the key requires different amounts of pressure to actuate and to bottom out. The shape of the stem as well as the design of the switch housing varies the actuation distance and travel distance of the switch. The sound can be altered by the material of the plate, case, lubrication, the keycap profile, and even modifying the individual switch. These modifications, or "mods" include applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch itself, inserting "switch films" to reduce wobble, swapping out the spring inside to modify the resistance of the switch itself and many more. Mechanical keyboards allow for the removal and replacement of keycaps with a common stem type.

Mechanical-switch keyboards with "Clicky" switches come with both a bump and an audible click. Without adjusting the material of the plates or case, the way for users to reduce the noise would be to replace the keycaps or applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch.

closed_qa

My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to big. I need to travel. What could I do?

null

- Get a bigger suitcase - Don't bring your trophy - Send the trophy in a box

brainstorming

What year did the trek in Finding Farley end?

Finding Farley is a 2009 documentary directed by Leanne Allison as she and her husband Karsten Heuer travel across Canada in the literary footsteps of the Canadian writer Farley Mowat. Heuer, a biologist and author, had written a book on his experiences making the documentary Being Caribou, in which he and Allison traveled 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) by foot across Arctic tundra following a herd of 120,000 Porcupine caribou. After reading a draft of Heuer's account, Mowat invited them to visit him at his summer farm in Cape Breton Island. Accompanied by their two-year-old son Zev and dog Willow, the couple left their home in Canmore in May 2007 for a 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi), six-month trek east across Canada. From Canmore, 100 kilometres west of Calgary, they canoed to Hudson Bay, visiting many of the settings that Mowat wrote about in Never Cry Wolf, Lost in the Barrens and People of the Deer. From Hudson Bay, their plan was to travel by sea to northern Labrador, the setting of Mowat's stories such as The Serpent's Coil, Grey Seas Under, Sea of Slaughter and A Whale for the Killing. From Newfoundland and Labrador they planned a final journey by water, arriving at Cape Breton near the end of October. Finding Farley was the top film at the 2010 Banff Mountain Film Festival, receiving both the Grand Prize and People's Choice awards.

2007. Started in May 2007 and lasted 6 months. Which would have been November 2007.

closed_qa

Classify the following shapes by which have 4 sides or which have more than 4 sides: Hexagon, square, rectangle, octagon, decagon, rhombus, parallelogram, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon

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4 sides: Square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram More than 4 sides: Hexagon, octagon, decagon, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon

classification

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Thavil, Seni rebab

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Seni rabab is string, Thavil is percussion.

classification

List the territories ceded by Turkey as part of the treaty of Lausanne.

The treaty delimited the boundaries of Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Specifically, the treaty provisioned that all the islands, islets and other territories in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean in the original text) beyond three miles from the Turkish shores were ceded to Greece, with the exception of Imbros, Tenedos and Rabbit islands (Articles 6 and 12). There is a special notation in both articles, that, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise, the Turkish sovereignty extends three miles from Asia Minor shores. The Greek population of Imbros and Tenedos was not included in the population exchange and would be protected under the stipulations of the protection of the minorities in Turkey (Article 38). The major issue of the war reparations, demanded from Greece by Turkey, was abandoned after Greece agreed to cede Karaağaç to Turkey. Turkey also formally ceded all claims on the Dodecanese Islands (Article 15); Cyprus (Article 20); Egypt and Sudan (Article 17); Syria and Iraq (Article 3); and (along with the Treaty of Ankara) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations. The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula, which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also meant that Turkey officially ceded them. These territories included the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, Asir and parts of Hejaz like the city of Medina. They were held by Turkish forces until 23 January 1919. By Articles 25 and 26 of the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey officially ceded Adakale Island in the Danube River to Romania by formally recognizing the related provisions in the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. Due to a diplomatic irregularity at the 1878 Congress of Berlin, the island had technically remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey also renounced its privileges in Libya which were defined by Article 10 of the Treaty of Ouchy in 1912 (per Article 22 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.)

- All territories in the Aegean Sea except for Imbros, Tenedos, and Rabbit islands - Dodecanese islands - Cyprus - Egypt - Territories to the south of Syria and Iraq in the Arabian Peninsula - Adakale island in the Danube river

summarization

Tell me whether these are cheese or bread: Gouda, Focaccia, Brie, Baguette, Pecorino, Romano, Cheddar, Brioche, Ciabatta, Manchego, Smoked Gouda, Pita, Sourdough

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Gouda is a type of cheese. Focaccia is a type of bread. Brie is a type of cheese. Baguette is a type of bread. Pecorino Romano is a type of cheese. Cheddar is a type of cheese. Brioche is a type of bread. Ciabatta is a type of bread. Manchego is a type of cheese. Smoked Gouda is a type of cheese. Pita is a type of bread. Sourdough is a type of bread.

classification

Please classify each of the following as European or Asian countries: England, Thailand, Greece, Japan.

null

England and Greece are European countries, while Thailand and Japan are Asian countries.

classification

Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Maserati, RAM

null

RAM is American, Maserati is Italian

classification

Write a witty paragraph about a chicken's thought process for crossing the road.

null

Oh my, that is a lovely shrub over there past the black track. I wonder if it smells as good as I imagine it would. I do wonder if all the fast folks passing by know this shrub and thus are not bothered by the curiosity. There is no way around it; I have to get close to confirm it.

creative_writing

What are the words of House Hightower?

null

"We Light the Way"

open_qa

How many sinking ships did Violet Jessop survive? Be precise.

Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the "Queen of sinking ships" or "Miss Unsinkable," was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911.

2.

closed_qa

How cloudy is Seattle USA

The Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States, due in part to frequent storms and lows moving in from the adjacent Pacific Ocean. With many more "rain days" than other major American cities, Seattle has a well-earned reputation for frequent rain. In an average year, at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of precipitation falls on 150 days, more than nearly all U.S. cities east of the Rocky Mountains. However, because it often has merely a light drizzle falling from the sky for many days, Seattle actually receives significantly less rainfall (or other precipitation) overall than many other U.S. cities like New York City, Miami, or Houston. Seattle is cloudy 201 days out of the year and partly cloudy 93 days.

Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States due to frequent storms moving from the adjacent pacific ocean. Temperature extremes are moderated by the winds from Pacific ocean.Seattle is cloudy for 290 days in a year. Seattle has many more rainy days than any major US cities. In a year at-least 0.01 inches of precipitation falls on 150 days

information_extraction

Why did you take so long to get home last night?

null

On my home from work, I decided that I should go by the grocery store to pick up some water, cheese and other groceries for breakfast. As I was getting off of the freeway I saw something out of the corner of my eye running across the sidewalk. When I stopped at the traffic light, I was able to see that there was a puppy that appeared to be lost and wandering around. I was a hurry but the pup seemed really cold and shivering. I saw that it was going into a nearby parking lot that was on my way so I pulled over. I got out of my car and carefully walked up to the puppy to see if it had a tag or any identification. Suddenly, I saw a shadow pass behind me and someone grabbed me from behind and tried to wrestle my keys away from me. Too bad for him, he didn't realize that I'm a UFC champion. Lucky for him, he only ended up with a missing tooth. It took a while for the police to show up so that's why I was late.

creative_writing

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Madhalam, Erhu

null

Erhu is string, Madhalam is percussion.

classification

Tell me whether these clothes are formal or informal: suit, tuxedo, bathing suit, gym shorts, slacks, tank top

null

Suit: Formal Tuxedo: Formal Bathing Suit: Informal Gym Shorts: Informal Slacks: Formal Tank Top: Informal

classification

Is FreeBSD a Linux distribution?

null

No. FreeBSD is complete operating system that descends from the original Unix system through the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) development-line. Linux is a family of operating system distributions packaged by third parties, using the Linux Kernel. The licensing of FreeBSD is also available under a permissive BSD license while Linux is uses a copy-left based GPL license.

open_qa

Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Guinea. Mamou, Leava, Mata-Utu, Conakry, Guéckédou

null

Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Guinea - Conakry, Mamou, Guéckédou

classification

What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a broken mind.

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1. A broken mind is like a rusty hinge, capable of opening up new possibilities. 2. A broken mind is like a cracked mirror, reflecting a distorted view of reality. 3. A broken mind is like a sieve, allowing ideas to pass through and filter out the important ones. 4. A broken mind is like a pebble in a stream, providing a gentle nudge to go in a new direction. 5. A broken mind is like a silent voice, conveying a message that is not always heard.

brainstorming

Classify each country as Spanish or Portuguese speaking: Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal

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Peru: Spanish Speaking Argentina: Spanish Speaking Chile: Spanish Speaking Brazil: Portuguese Speaking Mexico: Spanish Speaking Portugal: Portuguese Speaking

classification

Tell me about Roger Federer

Roger Federer (German: [ˈrɔdʒər ˈfeːdərər]; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as "the greatest and most successful" Swiss sportsperson in history. A Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009. Federer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup. A versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.

Roger Federer, born 8 August 1981, is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as "the greatest and most successful" Swiss sportsperson in history. A Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009. Federer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup. A versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.

closed_qa