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What are the different ways to bake sourdough?
| null |
You could bake a sourdough bread in a commercial oven.
A pizza oven
A dutch oven
In the sun
In a hot car
In a pot of boiling water
On the surface of the sun
|
brainstorming
|
What is a stock in finance?
| null |
In finance, stock (also capital stock) consist of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided. (Especially in American English, the word "stocks" is also used to refer to shares.) A single share of the stock means fractional ownership of the corporation in proportion to the total number of shares. This typically entitles the shareholder (stockholder) to that fraction of the company's earnings, proceeds from liquidation of assets (after discharge of all senior claims such as secured and unsecured debt), or voting power, often dividing these up in proportion to the amount of money each stockholder has invested. Not all stock is necessarily equal, as certain classes of stock may be issued for example without voting rights, with enhanced voting rights, or with a certain priority to receive profits or liquidation proceeds before or after other classes of shareholders.
Stock can be bought and sold privately or on stock exchanges, and such transactions are typically heavily regulated by governments to prevent fraud, protect investors, and benefit the larger economy. The stocks are deposited with the depositories in the electronic format also known as Demat account. As new shares are issued by a company, the ownership and rights of existing shareholders are diluted in return for cash to sustain or grow the business. Companies can also buy back stock, which often lets investors recoup the initial investment plus capital gains from subsequent rises in stock price. Stock options issued by many companies as part of employee compensation do not represent ownership, but represent the right to buy ownership at a future time at a specified price. This would represent a windfall to the employees if the option is exercised when the market price is higher than the promised price, since if they immediately sold the stock they would keep the difference (minus taxes).
|
open_qa
|
Who won the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship?
|
On 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final.
|
The 1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.
Cappamore were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by St. Patrick's.
On 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first championship title since 1926.
|
summarization
|
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chikara, Bamboula
| null |
Bamboula is percussion, Chikara is string.
|
classification
|
Given this paragraph, show me how to calculate how many total patrons can be served by all of the Schauspielhaus theaters?
|
The Schauspielhaus Zürich (English: Zürich playhouse) is one of the most prominent and important[citation needed] theatres in the German-speaking world. It is also known as "Pfauenbühne" (Peacock Stage). The large theatre has 750 seats. The Schauspielhaus also operates three stages in the Schiffbau in the western part of Zürich, the Schiffbau/Halle (400 seats), the Schiffbau/Box (up to 200 seats) and the Schiffbau/Matchbox (80 seats).
|
1430 total patrons can be served. There are 750 seats in Schauspielhaus Zürich, 400 in the Schiffbau/Halle, 200 in the Schiffbau/Box and 80 in the Schiffbau/Matchbox. This totals to 750 + 400 + 200 + 80 = 1430 seats. Each patron requires one seat
|
closed_qa
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi#Public_perception_and_image
|
A vegetarian and teetotaler, Modi has a frugal lifestyle and is a workaholic and introvert. A person named Badri Meena has been his cook since 2002. Modi used to maintain a close and publicised relationship with his centenarian mother, Hiraben. Modi's 31 August 2012 post on Google Hangouts made him the first Indian politician to interact with citizens on a live chat. Modi has also been called a fashion-icon for his signature crisply ironed, half-sleeved kurta, as well as for a suit with his name embroidered repeatedly in the pinstripes that he wore during a state visit by US President Barack Obama, which drew public and media attention and criticism. Modi's personality has been variously described by scholars and biographers as energetic, arrogant, and charismatic.
|
Among his followers, Narendra Modi is regarded as a charismatic leader with excellent communication abilities. He has, however, also come under fire for how he has handled intercommunal violence and for pushing a Hindu nationalist agenda. Modi's reputation has been strengthened by the success of his economic policies in Gujarat, and he has sought to build a solid international reputation through travel and social media. Critics and protests have been sparked by his government's execution of contentious measures including demonetization and the Citizenship Amendment Act. Despite this, Modi is still a well-liked figure in Indian politics and has been elected prime minister more than once.
|
summarization
|
Are these hockey or baseball teams: Red Wings, Padres, Blues, Capitals
| null |
The Red Wings are a hockey team from Detroit. The Padres are a baseball team from San Diego. The Blues are a hockey team from St. Louis and the Capitals are a hockey team from Washington.
|
classification
|
Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Arcfox, Buick
| null |
Buick is American, Arcfox is Chinese
|
classification
|
Which of these counties has only one neighbour, and which have more than one neighbour: Haiti, Russia, South Korea, Germany, Portugal, Ireland, Canada, Brazil, Denmark, Austria, Qatar and France.
| null |
The following countries have only one neighbouring country: South Korea, Qatar, Portugal, Ireland, Haiti, Canada, and Denmark. These countries have multiple neighbours:Russia, Brazil, Germany, Austria, and France.
|
classification
|
What generation is the best generation?
| null |
None, all are flawed.
|
open_qa
|
In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Tarly?
| null |
House Tarly's ancestry can be linked to Harlon the Hunter, who built the Horn Hill castle with his twin brother Herndon of the Horn.
|
open_qa
|
When talking about adjectives to describe proximity, which of these words fit into a 'near' category, and which are 'far'. Miles, close, neighbouring, distant, remote, adjacent, adjoining, outlying.
| null |
Close, neighbouring, adjacent and adjoining are adjectives describing a 'near' proximity. Miles, distant, remote and outlying are adjectives describing a 'far' proximity.
|
classification
|
What are six different corporations with orange logos?
| null |
Six examples of retail corporations with orange logos may include Home Depot, Fanta, Penguin Books, Harley-Davidson, ING, and Nickelodeon.
|
brainstorming
|
Classify these programming languages to compiled or interpreted: shell script, erlang, rust, python, javascript, C++, go
| null |
- Compiled language: erlang, rust, C++, go
- Interpreted language: shell script, python, javascript
|
classification
|
What is a medallion architecture in data engineering?
| null |
A medallion architecture is a data engineering concept. The idea is that system source data or system of record data is landed in a bronze layer. In the bronze layer data is not changed, and it should match the source system exactly even if there are data quality issues. Next in the silver layer the raw daw from bronze is transformed and joined together with data quality applied and landed in silver. Next in the gold layer are produced datasets which are silver datasets joined together and enriched with other data like machine learning model output. These gold datasets are then what are used and served up by the business in dashboards and reporting.
|
open_qa
|
Colonies or provinces? How did the Spanish Empire treat its overseas territories?
| null |
The Spanish Empire lasted for four centuries, from the arrival of Columbus in America in 1492 until the loss of its last overseas territories (Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines) in 1898. In its last period, towards the middle of the 19th century, a debate arose that, to this day, still raises blisters regarding the definition of these lands. A part of the population continues to consider that the lands that Spain conquered beyond the seas were colonies, while another part defines them as provinces. That is, like Valladolid, Barcelona or Guadalajara.
In the Royal Decree of Carlos V, promulgated in 1519, which was later included in the Compilation of Laws of the Indies, the following declaration of intent could already be read: «That the West Indies be always united to the Crown of Castile and that cannot be alienated. We order that, at no time, they can be separated by our royal crown of Castile, disunited or divided in whole or in part or in favor of any person.»
The Spanish laws always spoke of "provinces", "kingdoms", "republics", "empires" or "territories of islands and mainland". In other words, the term "colony" was never used in the legal field for the territories that had been incorporated into the Crown of Castile. It was incorporated later and only with a critical and propagandistic desire, the same as it is today when it is used. This is not an excuse to deny that in the Spanish overseas territories there were models of exploitation that could be considered colonial, such as the monopoly of the extraction of precious metals or certain types of commercial companies. One of the main proofs is that the overseas territories reproduced most of the institutions of the metropolis.
Bernardino Bravo Lira, winner of Chile's 2010 National History Award, noted an important difference:
"Politically, the Indies were incorporated into the Crown and not into the Kingdom of Castile. This means that they were not considered as simple land, without their own political personality and, therefore, susceptible to submission to a foreign power. They were considered as other kingdoms, similar to Castile and other Europeans, endowed with the same attributes as them. For this reason they were classified and organized under the form of State of the Indies and not colonies. The kingdoms of the Indies had all the elements that then made up a State: territory, population, nationality, institutions, government and their own legislation."
This means that, contrary to what most critical authors think, the territories conquered by Spain were never considered as colonies devoid of rights. Moreover, its inhabitants were considered, already with Queen Isabella of Castilla, vassals of the Crown like any other inhabitant of the Iberian Peninsula, once the conquest process was completed in the 16th century. That is why the Indies, which have been known as "America" since the 17th century, owed allegiance only to the King, who governed through the institutions created for that purpose and which were governed by officials designated for that purpose.
|
classification
|
give me a list of ways to cool down
| null |
- drink a slushy
- take a cold shower
- dip in glacier water
- take your clothes off
- participate in a polar bear plunge
- stand very still
- take shelter under shade
- sit in front of a fan
- roll down the windows in a moving car
|
brainstorming
|
here is a short history of Plainview – Old Bethpage John F. Kennedy High School, which color was changed when the name changed in 1991?
|
The school was opened in 1966 under the name John F. Kennedy High School. It was Plainview's second high school. Originally, all senior high school students went to Plainview High School, but were split by residential location when JFK High School opened. In 1991, Plainview-Old Bethpage High School and John F. Kennedy High School were merged into the John F. Kennedy High School building. The school was renamed Plainview-Old Bethpage John F. Kennedy High School. The newly merged school abandoned Plainview High School's colors of green and white in favor of John F. Kennedy's blue and white. Both the original Plainview High School mascot, the Gulls, and the John F. Kennedy High School mascot, the Eagles, were replaced with a new mascot, The Hawks. It is now the only public high school for residents of the community of Plainview and Old Bethpage.
|
The school colors swapped out green for blue and white stayed the same.
|
closed_qa
|
Is Leucascidae a sponge
| null |
Leucascidae is a family of calcareous sponges in the order Clathrinida.
|
open_qa
|
Explain Ionizing radiation as a twelve years old kid.
| null |
Ionizing radiation is caused when a very heavy atom emits a particle at the speed of light called ionizing radiation.
On contact with a material, either the atom absorbs the ionizing particle or
The ionizing particle breaks the atom in two and forms two ionizing particles which can create a chain reaction.
There are three kinds of ionizing particles: alpha, beta and gamma
Alpha particles react a lot with matter but travel a very short distance.
Beta particles react less than alpha particles with matter but travel a very short distance.
Alpha particles react less than alpha particles with matter but travel a longer distance than alpha particles.
Gamma particles react less with matter than beta particles but travel a longer distance than beta particles.
|
open_qa
|
What was the Javelin throw record made by Neeraj Chopra
| null |
88.44metres
|
open_qa
|
What is the new record of Javelin throw made by Neeraj Chopra
| null |
89.94 m
|
open_qa
|
Give me a summary of the history of Thackeray Hall at the University of Pittsburgh based on this passage.
|
The building is the former National Union Fire Insurance Company building built circa 1923–1925 in the Early Classical style. The building was purchased by the university in 1968 for $1.875 million ($14.6 million in 2021 dollars), and was originally purposed for faculty offices. It was known as the Social Sciences Building until 1972 when it was renamed Mervis Hall and designated as the home of the Graduate School of Business. In 1983, when the Graduate School of Business moved into a new building also named Mervis Hall, it was renamed Thackeray Hall.
|
Thackeray Hall used to be the building for the National Union Fire Insurance Company until it was purchased by the University of Pittsburgh in 1968 for $1.875 million. First, it was used for faculty offices, then later known as the Social Sciences Building until it was renamed Mervis Hall. In 1983, it was renamed Thackeray Hall and has housed the university's Department of Mathematics since then.
|
summarization
|
What are some good beginner songs to learn on guitar?
| null |
The following are good songs a beginner can learn on guitar:
- Smoke on the Water by Deep Purple
- Brown Eyed Girl by Van Morrison
- Heart of Gold by Neil Young
- Seven Nation Army by The White Stripes
- What's Up? by 4 Non Blondes
- Wild Thing by The Troggs
- Wonderwall by Oasis
|
brainstorming
|
Give me a list of 10 commonly used seasonings in Chinese cooking
| null |
Soy Sauce
Oyster Sauce
Chinese Cooking Wine
Garlic
Green Onion
Ginger
Dark Soy Sauce
Sichuan peppercorn
White Pepper
Sesame Oil
|
brainstorming
|
What are 6 different types of pizza toppings?
| null |
Pepperoni, Sausage, Onions, Peppers, Ham, Bacon
|
brainstorming
|
Would each of the following conditions be good or bad for a bike ride? Pouring rain, sunny skies, hail, cloudy day, dense fog, heavy wind, light breeze.
| null |
Pouring rain: bad, sunny skies: good, hail: bad, cloudy day: good, dense fog: bad, heavy wind: bad, light breeze: good.
|
classification
|
When and where was Lyubomir Nikolov Vladikin born?
|
Vladikin was born on September 3, 1891 in the village of Golyamo Belovo, Pazardzhik area. His mother, Maria Morfova, sister of the opera singer Hristina Morfova and the composer Aleksandar Morfov, studied French Philology in Geneva. His father, Nikola Yonkov Vladikin, was a well-known journalist, scholar, writer, publicist, historian and political activist. Over the period from 1890 to 1912 he was an MP for three consecutive terms. He was a nephew of the Bishop of South Bulgaria (from Ohrid to Edirne), known under the church name Evstatiy Pelagoniyski.
|
Vladikin was born on September 3, 1891 in the village of Golyamo Belovo, Pazardzhik
|
closed_qa
|
What are five popular Taylor Swift songs?
| null |
Five popular Taylor Swift songs are Shake it Off, Wildest Dreams, Bad Blood, Look What You Made Me Do, and Love Story
|
open_qa
|
Create a beginner-intermediate push-pull-legs workout routine that I can do 6 times a week.
| null |
Day 1 (push):
5x5 Bench Press
3x8 Incline Bench Press
3x8 Overhead Press
3x8-12 Triceps Pushdown
3x8-12 Triceps Extension superset with 3x8-12 Lateral Raise
Day 2 (pull):
1x5 Deadlift
3x8 Lat Pulldown
3x8 Seated Row
3x12-15 Face Pull
4x8-12 Incline Curl
4x8-12 Hammer Curl
Day 3 (legs):
2x5 Squat
3x8 Romanian Deadlift
3x8 Leg Press
3x8-12 Seated Leg Curl
3x8-12 Standing Calf Raise
Day 4: (push)
5x5 Overhead Press
3x8 Incline Bench Press
3x8 Bench Press
3x8-12 Triceps Pushdown
3x8-12 Triceps Extension superset with 3x8-12 Lateral Raise
Day 5 (pull):
5x5 Bent Over Row
3x8 Lat Pulldown
3x8 Seated Row
3x12-15 Face Pull
4x8-12 Incline Curl
4x8-12 Hammer Curl
Day 6 (legs):
2x5 Squat
3x8 Romanian Deadlift
3x8 Leg Press
3x8-12 Seated Leg Curl
3x8-12 Standing Calf Raise
|
creative_writing
|
Provide a list of the best baseball players of all time
| null |
1. Babe Ruth
2. Ted Williams
3. Mickey Mantle
4. Tony Gwynn
5. Ken Griffey Jr
6. Cal Ripken Jr
7. Mike Trout
8. Hank Aaron
|
brainstorming
|
Does Bolivia have two capital cities?
| null |
The executive capital of Bolivia is La Paz. The constitutional capital is Sucre.
|
open_qa
|
How many moons orbit Jupiter and what are the names of the most significant ones?
| null |
There are 93 moons confirmed to be orbiting Jupiter. The most notable of these are Europa, Io, Ganymede, and Callisto.
|
open_qa
|
Give me three recipes from different cuisines that I can make with potatoes and chicken
| null |
You could make potato dumplings in a chicken broth, which comes from German cuisine. Another recipe is mashed potatoes and fried chicken from the American South. You could also try making a Thai curry with chicken and potatoes.
|
brainstorming
|
What would you do if you had all the resources in the world and nothing to worry about?
| null |
Wow, as dreamy as it sounds, I would love to live that dream. I would like to go by see, living on a cliff in a glass house that shows both the sunrise and sunset. And it is windy with a big garden where my dog can run and play. I really can not imagine the sun bask, knowing that I don't have to go back from this vacation ever that this is my home and I can just do this alone for the rest of my life :)
|
creative_writing
|
How large is the runway of the Richton-Perry County Airport?
|
Richton-Perry County Airport covers an area of 55 acres (22 ha) at an elevation of 167 feet (51 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,000 by 60 feet (914 x 18 m).
For the 12-month period ending November 17, 2011, the airport had 1,400 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 116 per month. At that time there were two single-engine aircraft based at this airport.
|
The single runway at the Richton-Perry County Airport is 18000 square feet in area (it's dimensions are 3,000 by 60 feet)
|
information_extraction
|
What is the difference between a goose and a geese?
| null |
A goose and a geese refer to the same type of bird. These bird(s) are of the Anatidae biological family of water birds. Anatidate includes ducks, geese, seabirds, storks, and waterfowls. Goose refers to a single bird where geese refers to multiple birds.
|
open_qa
|
Please tell me a little bit about the personal lives of the best hockey players at this time.
| null |
Here is a list of the best hockey players in the NHL and a little about them:
Connor McDavid
Connor McDavid and his girlfriend, interior designer Lauren Kyle, designed their Edmonton house. After displaying pictures of the house for EDify magazine in 2020 and recording a video tour in 2021 for Architectural Digest, the minimalist design and the poor view of the Edmonton River Valley outside became an Internet meme.
As a sports fan in Ontario, McDavid was a dedicated childhood fan of Mats Sundin and the Toronto Maple Leafs NHL team. He described his childhood bedroom as "pretty embarrassing" for its volume of Maple Leafs memorabilia. Outside of hockey, he supports the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball and threw out the ceremonial first pitch at a Blue Jays game in 2016.
On June 21, 2017, Electronic Arts revealed that McDavid would be the cover athlete for NHL 18, their annual installment of the NHL video game series. Additionally, McDavid's unique skating style inspired the Real Player Motion technology used in NHL 19, in which player size and other attributes affect their skating speed and power. In 2022, McDavid was one of several Canadian athletes to appear on boxes of Cheerios cereal as part of their "Be the Cheer" promotion, in which customers could write personalized messages to athletes competing at the Olympic Games. That same year, McDavid became the first active professional athlete to serve as a brand ambassador for sports betting company BetMGM.
Cale Makar
Makar is the son of Gary Makar and Laura MacGregor. He was named after former NHL player Cale Hulse. His younger brother Taylor plays at UMass-Amherst, which Cale also attended, and was also drafted by the Avalanche in the seventh round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft. Makar's cousin Mark Logan also played collegiate hockey from 2015 to 2019 at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Tom Lysiak was his father's cousin. He is of Ukrainian descent on his father's side. Growing up, he was a fan of the hometown Calgary Flames.
Auston Matthews
Matthews comes from a family of athletes, with his father having played college baseball and with an uncle, Wes Matthews, who briefly played in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins. His father is the chief technology officer of a manufacturing company based in New Jersey. He has two sisters: Alexandria, who is three years older, and Breyana, who is five years younger. Due to his mother's Mexican ancestry, Matthews can speak some Spanish.
Off the ice, Matthews was enrolled in several online courses with the University of Nebraska Omaha. In late August 2016, he moved to Toronto and began working out with teammates Mitch Marner and Morgan Rielly. Matthews' favorite athlete growing up was Kobe Bryant, while his favorite sports movie is The Mighty Ducks. He is a fan of players Jonathan Toews and Anže Kopitar due to their all around offensive and defensive game, has had his playing style compared to them. In recognition of Matthews' four-goal NHL debut, rap artist SVDVM released a song titled "Auston Matthews". At the 2019 NHL Awards, Matthews was named the cover athlete for EA Sports' ice hockey video game NHL 20.
|
brainstorming
|
Please classify the following items as either “waterproof” or “water absorbent”: umbrella, paper towel, sponge, raincoat, dish rag, car windshield.
| null |
The waterproof items are the umbrella, the raincoat and the car windshield. The water absorbent items are the sponge, paper towel, and dish rag.
|
classification
|
Considering Austin is in the central region of Texas, which of these places are in east, west, north and south. Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Fredericksburg, El Paso, Corpas Christi, Galveston, South Padre, Lubbock.
| null |
North of Austin: Dallas
South of Austin: San Antonio, Corpus Christi, South Padre
East of Austin: Houston, Galveston
West of Austin: Fredericksburg, Lubbock, El Paso
|
classification
|
What is a good present for my wife?
| null |
Flowers and chocolates are often well received.
|
brainstorming
|
What are some healthy lunch ideas?
| null |
Buddha bowl, turkey sandwich, salmon salad, quinoa bowl, fruit and cheese plate, veggies and dip, hummus and pita plate, vegetable soup
|
brainstorming
|
Write a plan for a road trip to ski resorts in California that are available on the Ikon pass, with stops at three different resorts. The plan should depart and end at San Francisco, include a budget, timeline, and short description of each resort.
| null |
On day 1, start from San Francisco and drive to Palisades Tahoe, which is a roughly 200mi drive which will take around 3 hours. Palisades Tahoe, which once hosted the 1960 winter Olympics, offers two expansive mountains with a variety of beginner to advanced terrain. Finish off day 1 by driving 176mi or around 4 hours to a hotel nearby the next resort, Mammoth Mountain.
On day 2, spend the day skiing at Mammoth Mountain, which boasts high snowfalls, is home to the highest elevation lift in California, and has some of the greatest views of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Finish off day 2 by driving 314mi or around 5.5 hours to a hotel nearby the last resort, Big Bear Mountain.
On day 3, you will ski Big Bear Mountain Resort comprised of Bear Mountain, with its park-heavy terrain, and Snow Summit, with its many beginner-friendly trails. Big Bear Mountain Resort is not far from Los Angeles and San Bernardino, so additional days could be spent exploring those metro areas. Spend the night around Big Bear Mountain Resort.
On the last day, make the nearly 500mi or 7-8 hour drive back to San Francisco. Across this 4 day trip, you can expect to spend around $800 on gas costs and around $600-$800 on lodging with 1 night around Mammoth Mountain and 2 nights around Big Bear Mountain Resort.
|
creative_writing
|
how to do a self-diagnose of burning out?
| null |
Examples to look out for burning out including: Inability to stop thinking about work even when you’re not at work; Relationships with either co-workers or families and friends suffer; Feeling unexplained aches and pains; You spend lots of money outsourcing various personal tasks; Feeling mentally strained- with no plans for vacations; You wonder where you’ll be in the future.
|
brainstorming
|
Tell me whether these are flowers or trees: Spruce, Calla Lily, Carnation, pine, beech, Orchid, oak, Tulip, Gerbera Daisy.
| null |
Spruce is a tree.
Calla Lily is a flower.
Carnation is a flower.
pine is a tree.
beech is a tree.
Orchid is a flower.
oak is a tree.
Tulip is a flower.
Gerbera Daisy is a flower.
|
classification
|
What is Russia-Ukraine Conflict?
|
The Russo-Ukrainian War is an ongoing international conflict between Russia, alongside Russian-backed separatists, and Ukraine, which began in February 2014. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine and supported pro-Russian separatists fighting the Ukrainian military in the Donbas war. The first eight years of conflict also included naval incidents, cyberwarfare, and heightened political tensions. In February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
|
The decision by Ukraine to move toward stronger connections with the European Union, which was opposed by Russia, set off the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014. The majority of the fighting has been in Ukraine's east, where pro-Russian separatists have proclaimed independent republics. With the backing of Western nations, the Ukrainian government has fought to retake control of these regions. Thousands of people have died as a result of the fighting, including military troops and civilians, and it has significantly impacted Ukraine's humanitarian situation. Access to essential necessities including food, water, and healthcare is a problem for many individuals. Several nations have condemned the fighting, and the United States and the European Union have imposed economic penalties on
|
summarization
|
Tell me a story about how the little kitten was rescued from a heater vent. The story should include how the kitten was bottle fed and only four days old with the umbilical cord still attached
| null |
The story begins with a little kitten, only four days old, being found in a heater vent in a building. The kitten was bottle fed and was still connected to her mother's umbilical cord. The building manager called animal control and the kitten was rescued. She was taken to a vet, treated for her injuries, and then released back into the wild.
|
creative_writing
|
How to skip rope?
|
A skipping rope or jump rope is a tool used in the sport of skipping/jump rope where one or more participants jump over a rope swung so that it passes under their feet and over their heads. There are multiple subsets of skipping/jump rope, including single freestyle, single speed, pairs, three-person speed (Double Dutch), and three-person freestyle (Double Dutch freestyle).
Rope skipping is commonly performed as an exercise or recreational activity, and there are also several major organizations that support jump rope as a competitive sport. Often separated by sex and age, events include hundreds of competitive teams all around the world. In the US, schools rarely have jump rope teams, and few states have sanctioned official events at the elementary school level. In freestyle events, jumpers use a variety of basic and advanced techniques in a routine of one minute, which is judged by a head judge, content judges, and performance judges. In speed events, a jumper alternates their feet with the rope going around the jumper every time one of their feet hits the ground for 30 seconds, one minute, or three minutes. The jumper is judged on the number of times the right foot touches the ground in those times.
|
A skipping rope is a fun form of exercise that is enjoyed by children and adults.
While holding on to both ends of the rope, allow the middle of rope to rest on the ground in front of your feet, step over the rope so the rope is now behind your feet.
Simultaneously, swing both arms over your head in a full swing so the rope is follows the motion of your arms and just before the rope reached the front of your feet, hop with both feet, avoiding the rope and continue the rhythm repeatedly.
|
closed_qa
|
Remove the last names of all people in this passage
|
Dino Hotić is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Cercle Brugge. Born in Slovenia, he represents the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.
|
Dino is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Cercle Brugge. Born in Slovenia, he represents the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.
|
information_extraction
|
What is the history of the travelling salesman problem throughout the years in a short bulleted list?
|
The origins of the travelling salesman problem are unclear. A handbook for travelling salesmen from 1832 mentions the problem and includes example tours through Germany and Switzerland, but contains no mathematical treatment.
William Rowan Hamilton
The TSP was mathematically formulated in the 19th century by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton and by the British mathematician Thomas Kirkman. Hamilton's icosian game was a recreational puzzle based on finding a Hamiltonian cycle. The general form of the TSP appears to have been first studied by mathematicians during the 1930s in Vienna and at Harvard, notably by Karl Menger, who defines the problem, considers the obvious brute-force algorithm, and observes the non-optimality of the nearest neighbour heuristic:
We denote by messenger problem (since in practice this question should be solved by each postman, anyway also by many travelers) the task to find, for finitely many points whose pairwise distances are known, the shortest route connecting the points. Of course, this problem is solvable by finitely many trials. Rules which would push the number of trials below the number of permutations of the given points, are not known. The rule that one first should go from the starting point to the closest point, then to the point closest to this, etc., in general does not yield the shortest route.
It was first considered mathematically in the 1930s by Merrill M. Flood who was looking to solve a school bus routing problem. Hassler Whitney at Princeton University generated interest in the problem, which he called the "48 states problem". The earliest publication using the phrase "travelling salesman problem" was the 1949 RAND Corporation report by Julia Robinson, "On the Hamiltonian game (a traveling salesman problem)."
In the 1950s and 1960s, the problem became increasingly popular in scientific circles in Europe and the United States after the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica offered prizes for steps in solving the problem. Notable contributions were made by George Dantzig, Delbert Ray Fulkerson and Selmer M. Johnson from the RAND Corporation, who expressed the problem as an integer linear program and developed the cutting plane method for its solution. They wrote what is considered the seminal paper on the subject in which with these new methods they solved an instance with 49 cities to optimality by constructing a tour and proving that no other tour could be shorter. Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson, however, speculated that given a near optimal solution we may be able to find optimality or prove optimality by adding a small number of extra inequalities (cuts). They used this idea to solve their initial 49 city problem using a string model. They found they only needed 26 cuts to come to a solution for their 49 city problem. While this paper did not give an algorithmic approach to TSP problems, the ideas that lay within it were indispensable to later creating exact solution methods for the TSP, though it would take 15 years to find an algorithmic approach in creating these cuts. As well as cutting plane methods, Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson used branch and bound algorithms perhaps for the first time.
In 1959, Jillian Beardwood, J.H. Halton and John Hammersley published an article entitled "The Shortest Path Through Many Points" in the journal of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. The Beardwood–Halton–Hammersley theorem provides a practical solution to the travelling salesman problem. The authors derived an asymptotic formula to determine the length of the shortest route for a salesman who starts at a home or office and visits a fixed number of locations before returning to the start.
In the following decades, the problem was studied by many researchers from mathematics, computer science, chemistry, physics, and other sciences. In the 1960s, however, a new approach was created, that instead of seeking optimal solutions would produce a solution whose length is provably bounded by a multiple of the optimal length, and in doing so would create lower bounds for the problem; these lower bounds would then be used with branch and bound approaches. One method of doing this was to create a minimum spanning tree of the graph and then double all its edges, which produces the bound that the length of an optimal tour is at most twice the weight of a minimum spanning tree.
In 1976, Christofides and Serdyukov independently of each other made a big advance in this direction: the Christofides-Serdyukov algorithm yields a solution that, in the worst case, is at most 1.5 times longer than the optimal solution. As the algorithm was simple and quick, many hoped it would give way to a near optimal solution method. However, this hope for improvement did not immediately materialize, and Christofides-Serdyukov remained the method with the best worst-case scenario until 2011, when a (very) slightly improved approximation algorithm was developed for the subset of "graphical" TSPs. In 2020 this tiny improvement was extended to the full (metric) TSP.
Richard M. Karp showed in 1972 that the Hamiltonian cycle problem was NP-complete, which implies the NP-hardness of TSP. This supplied a mathematical explanation for the apparent computational difficulty of finding optimal tours.
Great progress was made in the late 1970s and 1980, when Grötschel, Padberg, Rinaldi and others managed to exactly solve instances with up to 2,392 cities, using cutting planes and branch and bound.
In the 1990s, Applegate, Bixby, Chvátal, and Cook developed the program Concorde that has been used in many recent record solutions. Gerhard Reinelt published the TSPLIB in 1991, a collection of benchmark instances of varying difficulty, which has been used by many research groups for comparing results. In 2006, Cook and others computed an optimal tour through an 85,900-city instance given by a microchip layout problem, currently the largest solved TSPLIB instance. For many other instances with millions of cities, solutions can be found that are guaranteed to be within 2–3% of an optimal tour.
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* 19th century - mathematically formulated for first time by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton and by the British mathematician Thomas Kirkman
* 1930s - First studied by mathematicians in Vienna and at Harvard, most notably by Karl Menger and Merill M. Flood who was looking to solve a school bus routing problem.
* 1959 - Jillian Beardwood, J.H. Halton and John Hammersley published an article entitled "The Shortest Path Through Many Points" in the journal of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, which provided the first practical solution.
* 1960s - new approach is created, which produce a solution whose length is provably bounded by a multiple of the optimal length.
* 1972 - Richard M. Karp showed that the Hamiltonian cycle problem was NP-complete, which implies the NP-hardness of traveling salesman problem.
* 1976 - Christofides and Serdyukov independently invented new algorithm, which yields a solution that in the worst case is at most 1.5 times longer than the optimal solution.
* 1990s - Applegate, Bixby, Chvátal, and Cook developed the program Concorde that has been used in many recent record solutions.
* 1991 - Gerhard Reinelt published the TSPLIB, a collection of benchmark instances of varying difficulty, which has been used by many research groups for comparing results
* 2006 - Cook and others computed an optimal tour through an 85,900-city instance given by a microchip layout problem, currently the largest solved TSPLIB instance.
* 2011 - Slightly improved approximation algorithm is developed for the subset of "graphical" traveling salesman problem.
* 2020 - The slightly improved approximation algorithm developed for the subset of "graphical" is extended to cover the full traveling salesman problem.
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closed_qa
|
Which of these flowers are annuals vs perennials: Petunias, Verbena, Alyssum, Zinnias, Digitalis Dalmatian, Amsonia, Clementine, Peonies.
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Petunias, Verbena, Alyssum, and Zinnias are annual flowers, they bloom one season and then die.
Digitalis Dalmatian, Amsonia, Clementine, and Peonies are perennials. They can bloom for many season.
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classification
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Which of the following countries are in Europe and which are in the rest of the world: Nicaragua, Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Morocco, Spain, Greece, China, Chile?
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Austria, Spain, and Greece are all countries in Europe, while the remaining countries in the list are in the rest of the world. Nicaragua is in North America, Australia and New Zealand are in Oceania, Morocco is in Africa, China is in Asia, and Chile is part of South America.
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classification
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How long after the release of the album “Abbey Road” did The Beatles break up?
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By early 1964, the Beatles were international stars and had achieved unprecedented levels of critical and commercial success. They became a leading force in Britain's cultural resurgence, ushering in the British Invasion of the United States pop market, and soon made their film debut with A Hard Day's Night (1964). A growing desire to refine their studio efforts, coupled with the untenable nature of their concert tours, led to the band's retirement from live performances in 1966. At this time, they produced records of greater sophistication, including the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also known as "the White Album", 1968) and Abbey Road (1969). The success of these records heralded the album era, as albums became the dominant form of record consumption over singles; they also increased public interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, and furthered advancements in electronic music, album art and music videos. In 1968, they founded Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's legacy. After the group's break-up in 1970, all principal former members enjoyed success as solo artists and some partial reunions have occurred. Lennon was murdered in 1980 and Harrison died of lung cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active.
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One year after releasing Abbey Road (1969), the Beatles broke up (1970)
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closed_qa
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How do I wire an electrical outlet?
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While wiring an outlet can be a fairly simple task when following all safety precautions, if you are unsure about anything or have a complicated scenario, it is best to consult a licensed electrician that understands local electrical code and laws.
Tools and Materials Needed:
Outlet, of appropriate amperage
Electrical box - (Old-work type for adding an outlet to your home)
Non-metallic (NM) cable (also known as Romex) of appropriate gauge and length
Wire connectors (twist type or lever-nut type)
Non-Contact Voltage Detector
Wire stripper
Screwdriver
Steps If you are installing new outlet:
1. Turn off the power to the circuit you'll be working on by turning off the breaker
2. Locate a nearby junction box, and confirm there is no power running to it with the non-contact voltage detector.
3. Once deemed safe, remove the cover plate.
4. Run a new length of Romex cable from the junction box to the location of the new outlet. You may need to drill holes through studs, floors, or even cut holes in the wall to achieve this.
5. If the old outlet has connection screws that are not used, you may attach the new wire to the old outlet to run power to the new outlet. These are usually labeled “load” on the outlet. Otherwise, you will need to detach existing wiring and combine wiring colors together (black to black, white, to white, etc) and use pigtails to wire run a single wire to the outlet.
6. Follow the same steps as you would connecting wire to the new outlet found below to attach wiring to the existing outlet.
7. At the new location, cut a hole in the wall where you want the outlet to be.
8. Attach an electrical box (old-work type) to the wall using screws to tension the boxes tabs and secure it in place.
Steps to follow for both new outlet installation and replacing existing outlets:
1. Strip the outer insulation from the cable and separate the wires.
2. Strip about ½ inch of insulation from each wire (black, white, and green or bare). Depending on your house and wiring, you may have a 4th gray wire or even a red wire in place of black. The gray wire is the neutral wire that is often needed for smart devices to correctly function. If your device specifies the need for this wire, and you do not have one, please consult an electrician. A red wire indicates the outlet is switched, and is also “hot” like a black wire. One will commonly find these routed to lights or fans.
3. Connect the black wire to the brass-colored screw on the outlet (designated as “line”) and tighten the screw. This wire is the "hot" wire and carries the electrical current.
4. Connect the white wire to the silver-colored screw (designated as “line”) on the outlet and tighten the screw. This wire is the "neutral" wire and completes the circuit.
5. Connect the green or bare wire to the green screw on the outlet and tighten the screw. This wire is the "ground" wire and provides a path for electricity to safely flow to the ground in case of a short circuit.
6. Gently push the outlet into the box, making sure not to pinch any wires.
7. Screw the outlet into the box.
8. Install the cover plate.
9. Turn the power back on and test the outlet to make sure it's working.
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creative_writing
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Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans
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Judas Escariot
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open_qa
|
Vanessa and Lauren are both 32-year-old women with different levels of exercise experience. Vanessa, who weighs 124 lbs, has lifted weights before but Lauren, who weighs 166 lbs, has never participated in resistance training. Both women participate in initial fitness assessments and want your advice about starting a muscular fitness program at your exercise facility. Choose a different test to measure each woman's upper body muscular strength. Briefly explain the procedures for each assessment. What common errors should you watch for?
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For Vanessa, we’ll choose for her to perform a one-rep max assessment, specifically with the bench press. This is because she has experience with lifting weights. To start, she should warm up by completing several submaximal repetitions. We’re going to select an initial weight of 50-70% of her capacity, and progressively increase resistance by 2.5 to 20 kg until the subject cannot complete the repetitions. The final weight lifted should be the absolute 1-RM. Some common error we want to watch for is to make sure that the repetitions are performed at the same speed of movement and range of motion to ensure consistency. Additionally, on the setup portion, we should check the surroundings for hazards, set the bar to the right height for Vanessa based on her arm length, remove safety bars from both sides of the rack, secure weights correctly with safety clips, and have a spotter present. We should also make sure there is a proper progression of weight lifted, she’s not bouncing the bar off her chest, that she’s maintaining a neutral spine, and that she is breathing during the lift. For Lauren, because she has never participated in resistance training, we will select the flexed arm support test, as she may not be able to perform the dynamic push-up assessment properly. To start, she should have her hands outside her shoulders, and keep her back and legs straight. She should lower her body until the upper arm is parallel to the floor or the elbow is flexed at 90 degrees. She should be supporting her body in a push-up position from the knees. Some common mistakes include not breathing during the assessment, having a too-wide or too-narrow width for her hands, not maintaining a straight back and legs, and not lowering her body enough for the assessment.
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brainstorming
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Who is the finest Indian cricketer right now?
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Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of the Indian national cricket team. He now plays as a right-handed batter for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. He is widely recognised as one of the best batsman in cricket history. He is the second most prolific international century batsman in cricket history. The International Cricket Council elected him the male cricketer of the decade despite holding the record for most runs in T20 internationals and the IPL. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's victories, including the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions Trophy.
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Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of the Indian national cricket team. He now plays as a right-handed batter for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. He is widely recognised as one of the best batsman in cricket history. He is the second most prolific international century batsman in cricket history. The International Cricket Council elected him the male cricketer of the decade despite holding the record for most runs in T20 internationals and the IPL. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's victories, including the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions Trophy.
Kohli was born and raised in New Delhi, where he attended the West Delhi Cricket Academy and began his junior career with the Delhi Under-15 team. He made his international debut in 2008 and soon established himself as a prominent member of the ODI team, eventually making his Test debut in 2011. For the first time, Kohli topped the ICC ODI batting rankings in 2013. During the 2014 T20 World Cup, he set a competition record for the most runs scored. In 2018, he became the world's top-ranked Test batsman, making him the only Indian cricketer to hold the number one place in all three versions of the game.
In 2019, he became the first player to score 20,000 international runs in a single decade. Following the T20 World Cup in 2021, Kohli decided to step down as captain of the Indian national team for T20Is, and he stood down as captain of the Test team in early 2022.
He has garnered numerous awards for his achievements on the cricket pitch. He was named the ICC One-Day International Player of the Year in 2012 and has twice won the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy, which is awarded to the ICC Cricketer of the Year, in 2017 and 2018. Kohli was the best run scorer in the 2012 Asia Cup, scoring 357 runs. Kohli was also named ICC Test Player of the Year and ICC ODI Player of the Year in 2018, making him the first player to get both honours in the same year. In addition, from 2016 to 2018, he was crowned the Wisden Top Cricketer in the World for three years in a row. Kohli received the Arjuna Award in 2013, the Padma Shri in the sports category in 2017, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna medal, India's highest sporting honour, in 2018.
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summarization
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Classify these vegetables based on their color.
mushroom, spinach, cauliflower, broccoli
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White - cauliflower, mushroom
Green - broccoli, spinach
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classification
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List some common citrus-based beverages.
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Some common citrus-based beverages include orange juice, grapefruit juice, lemonade, Mountain Dew, mimosas
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brainstorming
|
List a few female comedians that have Netflix specials
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Ali Wong, Wanda Sykes, and Taylor Tomlinson
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brainstorming
|
Choose the word which is different from the rest: Car, Scooter, Helicopter, Aeroplane, Cycle
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All except Cycle run on fuel.
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classification
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Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Slovakia or Croatia.
Košice, Bratislava, Zagreb, Split, Petržalka, Rijeka
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Slovakia - Bratislava, Košice, Petržalka
Croatia - Zagreb, Rijeka, Split
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classification
|
How is the order of the NFL draft determined?
| null |
The order of the NFL draft is determined by the record of each team during the previous season. The teams with the worst records choose before the teams with better records.
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open_qa
|
From the passage provided, list the partners with whom Martina Hingis won the doubles Grand Slam in 1998
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In 1998, Hingis won all four of the Grand Slam women's doubles titles, only the fourth in women's tennis history to do so, (the Australian Open with Mirjana Lučić and the other three events with Novotná), and she became only the third woman to hold the No. 1 ranking in both singles and doubles simultaneously. She also retained her Australian Open singles title by beating Conchita Martínez in straight sets in the final. Hingis, however, lost in the final of the US Open to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport ended an 80-week stretch Hingis had enjoyed as the No. 1 singles player in October 1998, but Hingis finished the year by beating Davenport in the final of the WTA Tour Championships.
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- Mirjana Lučić
- Jana Novotná
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information_extraction
|
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Leedsichthys, Monarch Butterfly
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Monarch Butterfly is alive, Leedsichthys is extinct.
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classification
|
What is the difference between natural and real numbers?
| null |
Natural numbers include positive whole numbers. For example, 1 and 2 belong to the natural set of numbers. Real numbers include any numbers between minus infinity and plus infinity. Natural numbers are subset of real numbers.
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open_qa
|
Are these companies private or public
| null |
Tesla, Amazon, Uber, Microsoft, Facebook
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classification
|
Classify each of the following as a language or religion: Spanish, Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, Mandarin, Arabic
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Spanish: Language
Catholicism: Religion
Islam: Religion
Judaism: Religion
Mandarin: Language
Arabic: Language
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classification
|
What are Calories, and what is the difference between good and bad calories?
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Calories are the physical units for measuring heat and energy. The nutritional energy contained in fat, protein, and carbohydrates (also knowns as macronutrients or macros for short) is expressed in kilocalories (kcal or Cal) and makes up your daily caloric intake. Our bodies need the energy provided by these macronutrients to function properly. If you consume fewer calories than you burn, you will lose weight. On the other hand, if you consume more calories than you consume, you will gain weight. Calories are categorized as good or bad based on the sources, and its positive or negative impacts on our body. Negative impacts to body include increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and depression. Bad calories come from sources like meat, fat, sugar and processed foods. Good calories come from eating a whole-grain diet high in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, and nuts. That said, you should listen to your body, and do what feels right and avoid thinking in terms of “good” or “bad” food. Just be aware of how different foods make you feel, and your mind will automatically tune into this over time and help you fight craving foods loaded with bad calories.
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open_qa
|
Who was the greatest President of the United States of America?
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Abraham Lincoln, he served as our 16th president from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery. He was moderate Republican who started out as a Prairie lawyer.
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open_qa
|
Is this a list of universities or companies: Alphabet, Microsoft, Dell, John Deere, and JP Morgan Chase?
| null |
That is a list of companies.
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classification
|
Tell me whether each animal has feathers or hair: falcon, pigeon, chimpanzee, cat, cardinal, hamster, horse
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Falcon: Feathers
Pigeon: Feathers
Chimpanzee: Hair
Cat: Hair
Cardinal: Feathers
Hamster: Hair
Horse: Hair
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classification
|
Classify each of the following as an instrument or tool: screw driver, guitar, trumpet, chisel, tuba, wrench
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Screw Driver: Tool
Guitar: Instrument
Trumpet: Instrument
Chisel: Tool
Tuba: Instrument
Wrench: Tool
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classification
|
How many cities in Lithuania are larger than Neris?
|
Jonava railway bridge (lit. Jonavos geležinkelio tiltas, Jonavos geležinis tiltas) is a railway bridge over the Neris in Jonava (Jonava district municipality), the ninth largest city in Lithuania with a population of ca 35,000.
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Eight cities are larger than Neris in Lithuania. This is because Neris is the 9th largest, meaning there are 8 which are larger.
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closed_qa
|
Tell me whether each of these sports is in the winter or summer olympics: track, skiing, snowboarding, curling, golf, soccer
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Track: Summer Olympics
Skiing: Winter Olympics
Snowboarding: Winter Olympics
Curling: Winter Olympics
Golf: Summer Olympics
Soccer: Summer Olympics
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classification
|
Based on the following passage list when schools close and resume from summer holidays in Russia, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
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Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.
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1. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
2. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year.
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information_extraction
|
Classify each of the following as a planet or a star: Neptune, Saturn, Pollux, Sun, Jupiter, Mercury
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Neptune: Planet
Saturn: Planet
Pollux: Star
Sun: Star
Jupiter: Planet
Mercury: Planet
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classification
|
Who does Machiavelli believe exemplifies the characteristics of a true prince in The Prince, and why does he hold this belief?
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In Machiavelli’s, The Prince, Machiavelli describes in great detail the extent to which a true prince should rule their state to ensure complete dominance and obedience of its people. He explains the numerous prerequisites and responsibilities of a prince, in which he exemplifies throughout the text through the different figures, in both positive and negative contexts. Throughout The Prince, one figure, who Machiavelli makes clear he has great respect for, highlighting quite frequently, is Cesare Borgia whom he even refers to with the status comparable to the level of God exclaiming that “there was one man who showed glimpses of greatness... that made you think he was sent by God” (26). Similar rhetoric is frequently used to describe Cesare Borgia throughout the text. In search of who truly exemplifies the characterization of “The Prince,” it can generally seem to be Cesare Borgia from the high praise of Machiavelli, but in reality this is not the case. Rather, the title of “The Prince” belongs to a more subtle figure: Ferdinand of Aragon, the King of Spain. This connection is made because of the numerous contradictions Machiavelli makes in praise of Cesare Borgia and other important figures in the text, while many key characteristics of a true prince that Machiavelli speaks of hold without contradiction for Ferdinand.
Machiavelli exemplifies his teachings through Cesare Borgia’s actions seen in chapter 7 when Cesare Borgia conquered the state of Romagna: immediately crushing the opponent using great cruelty, using a scapegoat to thwart the hatred away from him, and finally killing the scapegoat to create a sense of power and fear within the new states inhabitants. These actions, that explain why he is so highly idolized by Machiavelli, do not go without the fact that other
fundamental characteristics of Cesare Borgia directly contradict Machiavelli's notion of the most dominant prince. A prime example is in how “Cesare Borgia... acquired his state during the ascendancy of his father, and on its decline he lost it” (7). Inheritance obviously requires significantly less effort compared to creating a new principality. Although Cesare Borgia later conquers new principalities, it can be inferred that a rise to power through his fathers fortune was a significant catalyst and does not exemplify virtues of the ideal prince.
Other figures in the book receive similar praise in leadership abilities, but still lack what qualities compare to the ideal prince. These figures include Pope Julius II, whose power is highlighted by Machiavelli in chapter 13 as being consistent more with fortune rather than virtù in his campaign for conquer, Pope Alexander VI, who although displays cunning ability to bring the catholic empire eventual dominance and power, did so with the initial help of being “granted a title and income from the Roman Catholic Church by his uncle Alonso”.1 Many figures follow the same pattern in that they follow many principles exemplified in The Prince, but of course with so many requisites to be a true prince, these figures do not follow the explicit definition of a prince. One figure however, follows Machiavelli’s points very closely and exemplifies the fundamentals of a true prince in his beginnings, leaving almost no flaws in his rise to becoming a true prince: Ferdinand of Aragon.
Ferdinand’s characteristics lead him to the title of “The Prince” but a core virtù is what truly sets him apart from the other figures: his rise to power. Almost immediately in The Prince, Machiavelli describes the differences between principalities and emphasizes how maintaining a
1 “Alexander VI.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-VI.
new principality is far more difficult than inheritance. This is largely evident in Ferdinand’s rise to leadership in what Machiavelli describes him as “, by fame and glory, from being an insignificant king to be the foremost king in Christendom” (21). Ferdinand demonstrates his cunning deception through his plot for power, “always using religion as a plea, so as to undertake greater schemes, himself with pious cruelty to driving out and clearing his kingdom of the Moors” (21). Machiavelli marks this never being “a more admirable example, nor one more rare” in which he uses religion as a cloak of invisibility to deceptively conquer states (21). These natural abilities are what make Ferdinand admirable and what separate him from the rest of the figures in the text. This feeling is shared by Machiavelli exclaiming “that his actions have arisen in such a way, one out of the other, that men have never been given time to work steadily against him” (21).
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creative_writing
|
What are the cutest animals on the planet?
| null |
- baby puppies
- small sloths
- lemurs
- baby chicks
- kittens
- bunnies
- baby otters
- arctic foxes
|
brainstorming
|
Given a reference text that describes LVMH, what brands are part of LVMH?
|
Wines and spirits
Ao Yun
Ardbeg
Belvedere
Bodega Numanthia
Cape Mentelle
Chandon
Château d'Esclans
Château Cheval Blanc
Château d'Yquem
Cheval des Andes
Clos des Lambrays
Cloudy Bay
Colgin Cellars
Dom Pérignon
Glenmorangie
Hennessy
Krug
Mercier
Moët & Chandon
Newton Vineyard
Ruinart
Terrazas de los Andes
Veuve Clicquot
Volcan de mi Tierra
Woodinville
Fashion and leather goods
Berluti
Birkenstock
Celine
Christian Dior
Emilio Pucci
Fendi
Givenchy
JW Anderson
Kenzo
Loewe
Loro Piana
Louis Vuitton
Marc Jacobs
Moynat
Off-White
Patou
Phoebe Philo
Rimowa
Stella McCartney
Perfumes and cosmetics
Acqua di Parma
Benefit Cosmetics
BITE Beauty
Cha Ling
Fenty Beauty by Rihanna
Fresh Beauty
Parfums Givenchy
Guerlain
Kenzo Parfums
KVD Vegan Beauty
Maison Francis Kurkdjian
Make Up For Ever
Marc Jacobs Beauty
Officine Universelle Buly
Ole Henriksen
Parfums Christian Dior
Perfumes Loewe
Sephora
Watches and jewelry
Bulgari
Chaumet
Daniel Roth
Fred
Hublot
Gerald Genta
Repossi
TAG Heuer
Tiffany & Co.
Zenith
Selective retailing
DFS
La Grande Epicerie
La Samaritaine
Le Bon Marché
Starboard Cruise Services
Other activities
Belmond
Maisons Cheval Blanc
Connaissance des Arts
Cova
Investir
Jardin d'Acclimatation
Le Parisien
Les Echos
Radio Classique
Royal Van Lent
|
U.S. LVMH controls around 60 subsidiaries that manage 75 prestigious brands. These include Tiffany & Co., Christian Dior, Fendi, Givenchy, Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, Loewe, Loro Piana, Kenzo, Celine, Sephora, Princess Yachts, TAG Heuer, and Bulgari.
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closed_qa
|
Based on this text, extract the characters Farley performed in a bulleted list.
|
Popular characters performed by Farley included Matt Foley, an over-the-top motivational speaker who frequently reminded other characters that he was "living in a van down by the river!" The character was created by Bob Odenkirk when he and Farley were performers at Second City. The character's name came from a longtime friend of Farley's who became a Catholic priest and currently serves as head pastor at St. James Catholic Church in Arlington Heights, Illinois. In early renditions of the character, Farley used other names, depending on whom he knew in the audience, until the real-life Foley went to the show and had his name used, at which point Farley felt the name best suited the character and refused to change it. Some of the mannerisms of the character were a combination of the positions Farley noticed his rugby teammates took on the pitch coupled with his high school football coach's habit of squatting down when giving pep talks and the voice his father used when he was angry.
Other famous Farley characters included Todd O'Connor of Bill Swerski's Superfans, a group of stereotypical Chicagoans who repeatedly shouted "da Bears!"; a would-be Chippendales dancer, in a famous sketch that paired him with guest host Patrick Swayze; one of the "Gap Girls", who worked together at a local mall; a stereotypical lunch lady, to the theme of "Lunchlady Land"' performed by Adam Sandler; Bennett Brauer, a Weekend Update commentator who often divulged his personal and hygienic problems via air quotes; and himself on The Chris Farley Show, a talk show in which Farley "interviewed" the guest with poorly conceived questions or trailed off about subjects not germane to the guest.
|
-Matt Foley
-Todd O'Connor
-Would-be Chippendales dancer
-One of the "Gap Girls"
-A lunch lady
-Bennett Brauer
-Chris Farley on The Chris Farley Show
|
information_extraction
|
Classify each of the following as a new world or old world crop: Potato, Corn, Tomato, Wheat, Oat, Cacao, Apple, Olive
| null |
Potato: New World, Corn: New World, Tomato: New World, Wheat: Old World, Oat: Old World, Cacao: New World, Apple: Old World, Olive: Old World
|
classification
|
Give me a bulleted list of brands that make golf clubs
| null |
- Taylormade
- Titleist
- Callaway
- Ping
- Cobra
- PXG
|
brainstorming
|
Give me a list of popular tourist attractions in Rome
| null |
Some popular tourist attractions are:
- Colosseum
- Pantheon
- Trevi Fountain
- St. Peter's Basilica
- Roman Forum
- Spanish Steps
|
brainstorming
|
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dollu, Tidinet
| null |
Tidinet is string, Dollu is percussion.
|
classification
|
Wthat is the difference between Speed and Velocity ?
| null |
Speed denotes only how fast an object is moving, whereas velocity describes both how fast and in which direction the object is moving. If a car is said to travel at 60 miles per hour, its speed has been specified. However, if the car is said to move at 60 miles per hour to the north, its velocity has now been specified.
The big difference can be discerned when considering movement around a circle. When something moves in a circular path and returns to its starting point, its average velocity is zero, but its average speed is found by dividing the circumference of the circle by the time taken to move around the circle. This is because the average velocity is calculated by considering only the displacement between the starting and end points, whereas the average speed considers only the total distance travelled.
|
open_qa
|
What is the status of Sam Bankman-Fried?
| null |
Sam Bankman-Fried created the cryptocurrency exchange FTX and the associated trading firm Alameda Research. He was charged with eight criminal charges for offenses including wire fraud, commodities fraud, securities fraud, money laundering, and campaign finance law violations by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. On December 12, 2022, Bankman-Fried was arrested in the Bahamas and was subsequently extradited to the United States. On December 22, Bankman-Fried was released on a $250 million bond cosigned by his parents, both Stanford law professors, on condition that he reside at his parents' home in California.
|
open_qa
|
Make a list for basic school supplies.
| null |
Pencils, Index cards, Binder, Glue stick, Pencil sharpener, Erasers, Highlighters, Sharpie pens
|
brainstorming
|
Of this list of countries, which of these countries shares a border with at least one other country, and which do not? New Zealand, Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Finland, Turkey and Japan.
| null |
Canada, France, Germany, Finland, and Turkey all share a border with other countries. New Zealand, Australia and Japan do not share a border with any other country.
|
classification
|
Is the earth flat?
| null |
No, the Earth is round, just like all other planets. The gravitational pull of its mass forces it into a spherical shape. The gravity force pulls the material toward the center of the planet. The flat earth theory is scientifically disproven. The earth is not entirely round, though, because the centrifugal force of its spin causes the earth to bulge slightly around the equator.
|
open_qa
|
Given this paragraph about Fyre Festival, would you say that it was a successful event?
|
Fyre Festival was a fraudulent luxury music festival founded by con artist Billy McFarland and rapper Ja Rule. It was created with the intent of promoting the company's Fyre app for booking music talent. The festival was scheduled to take place on April 28–30 and May 5–7, 2017, on the Bahamian island of Great Exuma.
|
No, Fyre Festival was a fraudulent luxury music festival founded by con artist Billy McFarland and rapper Ja Rule
|
closed_qa
|
What is a list of knitting pattern abbreviations and their meanings?
| null |
Kn: knit n stitches
Pn: purl n stitches
S: slip stitch
YO: yarn over
CC: contrast color
Mn: make n stitches
Inc n: increase n stitches
KnT: knit n together
PnT: purl n together
RT: right twist (cabling)
LT: left twist (cabling)
PRT: purl right twist
PLT: purl left twist
(): special instructions
|
open_qa
|
What ingredients are no longer used in ketchup?
|
Ketchup or catsup is a table condiment with a sweet and sour flavor. The unmodified term ("ketchup") now typically refers to tomato ketchup, although early recipes used egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, grapes, mussels, or walnuts, among other ingredients.
Tomato ketchup is made from tomatoes, sugar, and vinegar, with seasonings and spices. The spices and flavors vary, but commonly include onions, allspice, coriander, cloves, cumin, garlic, and mustard, and sometimes include celery, cinnamon, or ginger.[citation needed] The market leader in the United States (60% market share) and the United Kingdom (82%) is Heinz Tomato Ketchup. Tomato ketchup is most often used as a condiment to dishes that are usually served hot and are fried or greasy: french fries and other potato dishes, hamburgers, hot dogs, chicken tenders, hot sandwiches, meat pies, cooked eggs, and grilled or fried meat. Ketchup is sometimes used as the basis for, or as one ingredient in, other sauces and dressings, and the flavor may be replicated as an additive flavoring for snacks, such as potato chips.
|
Ketchup used to contain many different ingredients that created the sweet and sour flavor traditionally associated with tomato ketchup, including egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, grapes, mussels, or walnuts.
|
summarization
|
Who is the most popular president ever in the USA?
| null |
The most popular president ever in the USA is Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was president from 1933 to 1945 and is remembered for his New Deal programs that helped to improve the economy and the lives of Americans during the Great Depression.
|
brainstorming
|
Extract a list of all of the communties and counties mentioned in this article about SH 115.
|
SH 115 begins at an intersection with Interstate 20 and Farm to Market Road 1927 in Pyote. The route travels north along the eastern edge of town and through Far West Texas oil fields before reaching Wink. The route then turns northeast, next reaching Kermit. The route travels through downtown Kermit, passing the Winkler County Courthouse. The route continues to the northeast, crossing oil fields of Winkler and Andrews Counties, before reaching Andrews. The route travels through Andrews, intersecting U.S. Route 385. The route continues northeast, crossing through the intersection of Andrews, Gaines, Martin, and Dawson Counties before reaching its terminus at SH 349 at the unincorporated community of Patricia, Texas.
|
Pyote, Wink, Kermit, Winkler, Andrews, Gaines, Martin, Dawson, Patricia
|
information_extraction
|
how do you smoke a brisket?
| null |
you first need to fire up your smoker, traditionally in texas this would be an offset smoker. You trim your brisket to a quarter inch of fat ontop and make this arrowdynamic. You then season generously with salt and pepper. when your smoker reached a temperature of 250 you insert the brisket. You should burn a clean fire with only hard wood such as oak, beech, post oak, apple, cherry or nut wood. the smoke out of the smoke stack should be blue almost invisible. you then smoke the brisket until it reaches an internal temp of 165 if the exterior is nice and dark, take the brisket wrap it with beef tallow in butchers paper add bac to the smoker and let smoke until reaching an internal temperature of 205. then preheat an oven to 150 and place the brisket in the oven overnight. serve for lunch the day after or after resting for at least 10-12 hours. enjoy
|
creative_writing
|
Give me some examples of spoonerisms.
| null |
Spoonerisms are where the first one or two letters of a word are transposed with another word to create two new words with another meaning. Some examples of this are "boiled icicle", "bunny phone" or "must tree".
|
brainstorming
|
Is the sum of an even number and an odd number even or odd?
| null |
It's an odd number.
|
open_qa
|
Classify each of the following on the basis of text (alphabetically) or numbers (numerically) - Bangalore, 265, Apple, 10, Bag, 49.
| null |
The classification can be done either on the basis of numbers which could be either numerically or in roman context. If we eliminate the same, the other one will be on the basis of text. Based on the above explanation, it could be classified as :
Text - Bangalore, Apple, Bag
Numbers - 265, 10, 49
|
classification
|
What are the best brunch places in Burlingame, CA?
| null |
Crepevine, Stacks, Coopenhagen, Mints and Honey, Alanas, and Caffe Central.
|
open_qa
|
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