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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman with Sjogren’s syndrome presents to her physician for suddenly developed palpitations. She feels more anxious than usual and has had difficulty sleeping well for the past 2 weeks. She has lost 2 kg (4.4 lb) since her last routine appointment 6 months ago. She also has had diarrhea and often feels ... | C: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old male presents with his wife to his primary care provider for depression and strange movements. His wife reports that her husband has not been himself for the last two months. Whereas he was previously outgoing and “the life of the party,” the patient is now irritable and withdrawn. He is a partner at an... | E: Dorsal striatum atrophy on head CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to the office for an annual physical examination. He has no complaints at this visit. His chart states that he has a history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema), Raynaud’s disease, and glaucoma. He is a 30 pack-year smoker. His medications included lisinopril,... | A: Low-dose CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting approximately 4 hours after a fatty meal. She reports that this has happened before, but this episode is worse. The vomit was non-bilious and did not contain any blood. She recalls frequent episodes of vague e... | E: Food ingestion provides relief of the symptoms |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to a physician because of extreme fatigue, palpitations, fever, and weight loss. He developed these symptoms gradually over the past 3 months. His blood pressure is 110/80 mm Hg, heart rate is 109/min, respiratory rate is 17/min, and temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). The patient is emaciated... | D: Chronic intravenous drug usage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy of Ashkenazi-Jewish descent presents with loss of developmental milestones. On ocular exam, a cherry-red macular spot is observed. No hepatomegaly is observed on physical exam. Microscopic exam shows lysosomes with onion-skin appearance. What is the most likely underlying biochemical abnormality??... | D: Accumulation of GM2 ganglioside |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor for an initial visit. She is a Syrian refugee and arrived in the United States 2 weeks ago. She has been living in refugee camps throughout Jordan and Turkey for the past 2 years. She has a 3-year-old son and reports that she has limited her food intake in order... | B: T-cell differentiation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three days after delivery, a 1100-g (2-lb 7-oz) newborn has a tonic seizure that lasts for 25 seconds. She has become increasingly lethargic over the past 18 hours. She was born at 31 weeks' gestation. Antenatal period was complicated by chorioamnionitis. Apgar scores were 3 and 6 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Sh... | E: Intraventricular hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the ability of breast cancer cells to metastasize. Neoplastic cells obtained from 30 patients with stage IV ductal carcinoma of the breast are tagged with a fluorescent antibody. The cells are then inserted into a medium resembling normal human tissue. After 2 weeks, all samples show in vitro... | E: Release of matrix metalloproteinase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newlywed couple comes to your office for genetic counseling. Both potential parents are known to be carriers of the same Cystic Fibrosis (CF) mutation. What is the probability that at least one of their next three children will have CF if they are all single births?? {'A': '0', 'B': '1/64', 'C': '27/64', 'D': '37/6... | D: 37/64 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman makes an appointment at her physician’s office for a regular health check-up. She does not have any complaints and mentions that she has started to train for an upcoming marathon and hydrates exclusively with electrolyte solutions. She has been trying unsuccessfully to quit smoking for a few years... | C: Ventricular repolarization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old female presents to her primary care doctor for prenatal counseling before attempting to become pregnant for the first time. She is an avid runner, and the physician notes her BMI of 17.5. The patient complains of chronic fatigue, which she attributes to her busy lifestyle. The physician orders a complet... | D: Placenta abruptio |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is admitted to the emergency department with severe retrosternal chest pain. The pain began suddenly after an episode of self-induced vomiting following a large meal. The patient’s parents say that she is very restricted in the foods she eats and induces vomiting frequently after meals. Vital signs... | D: Contrast esophagram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 2-month history of fatigue, intermittent left-sided flank pain, and diffuse extremity pain. She was treated for a prolactinoma 5 years ago and has had recurrent antral and duodenal peptic ulcers despite medical therapy. Her only medication is omeprazole. Physical exami... | C: Altered menin protein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician with a history of bright red blood in her stools for 3 days. She has defecated once per day. She does not have fever, pain on defecation, or abdominal pain. She was treated for a urinary tract infection with levofloxacin around 3 months ago. Menses occur at regular intervals... | A: Docusate therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old female with no past medical history is hospitalized after she develops a fever associated with increasing shortness of breath. She states that 1 week prior, she had a cold which seemed to be resolving. Yesterday, however, she noticed that she started to feel feverish, measured her temperature to be 101.... | D: Protein-rich fluid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of burning pain in his neck and arms for a year. He has also had paresthesias in his hands during this period. He has had increasing weakness in both hands during the past 3 months. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. He was involve... | E: Syringomyelia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of nausea and fatigue. Her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. She has a history of bipolar disorder controlled by a drug known to sometimes cause hypothyroidism and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. She does not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. A urine pre... | C: Atrialization of the right ventricle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after briefly losing consciousness while walking her dog. She spontaneously regained consciousness 20 seconds later. She has a history of atrial fibrillation. Current medications include metoprolol. She reports that she forgot to take her medication the day b... | D: Activity of adenylyl cyclase in cardiomyocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is witnessed falling off his bicycle. The patient rode his bicycle into a curb and hit his face against a rail. The patient did not lose consciousness and is ambulatory at the scene. There is blood in the patient's mouth and one of the patient's teeth is found on the sidewalk. The patient is transfe... | A: Submerged in milk |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because of abdominal pain that started after he went camping several months ago and drank from a mountain stream. This past year, he also went on a trip around the world, eating local foods at each stop. Furthermore, he has had a history of cholelithiasis and h... | D: MALT lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of headache, muscle pain, and recurrent fever spikes that occur without a noticeable rhythm. Two weeks ago, he returned from a 5-week-long world trip during which he climbed several mountains in India, Africa, and Appalachia. Chemoprophylaxis with c... | B: Plasmodium falciparum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of progressive numbness and weakness in her left arm and left leg for 2 days. During this period, she has also had urinary urgency and incontinence. Three months ago, she had blurry vision, difficulty distinguishing colors, and headache for one week, all o... | B: Administer IV methylprednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of upper abdominal pain and nausea for the past hour. The patient rates the pain as an 8 to 9 on a 10-point scale. She has had an episode of nonbloody vomiting since the pain started. She has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and osteopo... | A: Patient-controlled intravenous hydromorphone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The patient undergoes a mammogram, which shows a 6.5mm sized mass with an irregular border and spiculated margins. A subsequent core needle biopsy of the mass shows infiltrating ductal carcinoma with HER2-positive, estrogen-negative, and progesterone-negative immunohistochemistry staining. Blood counts and liver func... | A: Breast-conserving therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A recent study examined trends in incidence and fatality of ischemic stroke in a representative sample of Scandinavian towns. The annual incidence of ischemic stroke was calculated to be 60 per 2,000 people. The 1-year case fatality rate for ischemic stroke was found to be 20%. The health department of a town in sout... | B: 120 people |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An infectious disease chairperson of a large hospital determines that the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infections at the hospital is too high. She proposes an initiative to restrict the usage of clindamycin in the hospital to determine if that lowers the incidence of C. difficile infections. She puts in plac... | D: Plan, do, study, act cycle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man with coronary artery disease comes to the physician because of intermittent episodes of substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. The episodes occur only when walking up stairs and resolves after resting for a few minutes. He is a delivery man and is concerned because the chest pain has impacte... | E: Beta-1 adrenergic receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 3-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of fever, irritability, and rash for 3 days. The rash started around the mouth before spreading to the trunk and extremities. Her temperature is 38.6°C (101.5°F). Examination shows a diffuse erythematous rash with flaccid bullae on the neck, fl... | A: Toxin-induced cleavage of desmoglein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Four days ago, he injured his right knee while playing soccer. Increased laxity of the right knee joint is noted when the knee is flexed to 30° and an abducting force is applied to the lower leg. The examination finding in this patient is most like... | D: Medial collateral ligament |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor with increased urinary frequency. She has noticed that over the past 6 months, she has had to urinate more often than usual. Several times per day, she develops a rapid-onset need to urinate and has occasionally been unable to reach the restroom. These symptoms ... | B: Oxybutynin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to the behavioral health clinic for an evaluation after seeing animal-shaped clouds in the form of dogs, cats, and monkeys. The patient says that these symptoms have been present for more than 2 weeks. Past medical history is significant for simple partial seizures for which he takes valpro... | B: Illusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a 1 week history of persistent dry cough and worsening shortness of breath. He says that he has also been experiencing some abdominal pain and weakness. He has never experienced these symptoms before. His past medical history is significant for persistent ... | C: Potassium channel blocker |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by his mother with fever and difficulty breathing after receiving the BCG vaccine. He has never had a reaction to a vaccine before. He has a history of 2 salmonella infections over the past 2 years. He was born at 35 weeks’ gestation and spent one day in the neonatal ... | B: Interferon gamma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She had a mastectomy 6 months ago and received chemotherapy with doxorubicin and paclitaxel. A CT scan of the chest shows new metastases in the lungs and liver. Adjuvant therapy is initiated with a drug that inhibits... | E: Capecitabine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy with a history of cerebral palsy is brought to the neurology clinic by his mother with progressive tightness in the lower extremities. Although the patient has been intermittently undergoing physiotherapy for the past 2 years at a specialized center, the patient’s mother is concerned he cannot yet cl... | D: Blocks the release of acetylcholine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 32 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a follow-up examination 2 days after an increased blood pressure measurement. She now reports having a headache and visual disturbances for the past 12 hours. Her only medication is a prenatal vitamin. Her temperature is 36.7°C ... | D: Abnormal remodeling of spiral arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Five days after being admitted to the hospital for a scald wound, a 2-year-old boy is found to have a temperature of 40.2°C (104.4°F). He does not have difficulty breathing, cough, or painful urination. He initially presented one hour after spilling a pot of boiling water on his torso while his mother was cooking din... | E: Vancomycin and cefepime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of severe burning with urination for the past 3 days. During this period, he has had clear urethral discharge early in the morning. He has no history of serious illness, except for a rash following treatment with erythromycin 20 years ago. The patient takes no medicati... | D: Chlamydia trachomatis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with confusion. The patient’s wife states that her husband has become more somnolent over the past several days and now is very confused. The patient has no complaints himself, but is answering questions inappropriately. The patient has a past medical history of ... | E: Normal saline and potassium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist complaining of mild pelvic discomfort and a frothy, yellowish discharge from her vagina for the past 2 weeks. She also complains of pain during sexual intercourse and sometimes after urination. Her past medical history is noncontributory. She takes oral contraceptives ... | E: Trichomoniasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old African American man is brought to the emergency department by police. The patient refused to leave a petting zoo after closing. He states that he has unique ideas to revolutionize the petting zoo experience. The patient has a past medical history of multiple suicide attempts. His temperature is 99.5°F ... | A: Lithium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents for physical and preventive health screening, specifically for prostate cancer. He has not been to the doctor in a long time. Past medical history is significant for hypertension that is well-managed. Current medication is hydrochlorothiazide. He has one uncle who died of prostate cancer. H... | C: Serum PSA level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old male is evaluated for frequent nose bleeds. Physical examination shows diffuse petechiae on the patient’s distal extremities. Peripheral blood smear shows an absence of platelet clumping. An ELISA binding assay reveals that platelet surfaces are deficient in GpIIb/IIIa receptors. Which of the following a... | A: Abciximab |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man complains of lower back pain that began approximately 6 months ago. He is unsure why he is experiencing this pain and notices that this pain is worse in the morning after waking up and improves with physical activity. Ibuprofen provides significant relief. He denies bowel and bladder incontinence or... | D: Radiograph sacroiliac joint |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A genetic population study is being conducted to find the penetrance of a certain disease. This disease is associated with impaired iron metabolism and primarily affects the liver. Patients often present with diabetes and bronze skin pigmentation. After a genetic screening of 120 inhabitants with a family history of ... | B: 25% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 9-year-old, Caucasian girl presents to your office with severe abdominal pain. Her mother also mentions that she has been urinating significantly less lately. History from the mother reveals that the girl suffers from acne vulgaris, mild scoliosis, and had a bout of diarrhea 3 days ago after a fa... | E: Shiga-like toxin production from EHEC |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with right upper quadrant pain that has progressed over the last three months with unexplained weakness and joint pains that have been "out of the ordinary" over the last year. On history, you note the patient lives a sedentary lifestyle, rarely leaves the hou... | D: Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old girl has a weak cry, poor suck, ptosis, and constipation. Her condition began 2 days ago with a single episode of abundant watery stool and elevated temperature. The child was born at term to a healthy 26-year-old mother with an uneventful antenatal course and puerperium. The infant was exclusively brea... | C: Vegetative form of Clostridium botulinum spores in the patient's colon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old male comes to his doctor worried that he has not yet gone through puberty. He feels that his genitals are less developed than they should be for his age. On physical exam, you note an absence of facial hair and that his voice has not yet deepened. Your exam confirms that he is Tanner Stage 1. On a thoro... | D: Failure of normal neuronal migration during development |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman presents to a physician with weakness and fatigue for a week. She mentions that she has been taking oral fluconazole for the last 4 weeks for the treatment of tinea capitis. She also says that she loves coffee and usually consumes 4–6 cups of coffee every day. On physical examination, her vital si... | D: Depression of ST segment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old girl is brought to the physician because she has been regurgitating and vomiting 10–15 minutes after feeding for the past 3 weeks. She is breastfed and formula-fed. She was born at 38 weeks' gestation and weighed 2966 g (6 lb 9 oz). She currently weighs 5878 g (12 lb 15 oz). She appears healthy. Vital s... | E: Positioning therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents to his primary care physician due to a tremor. His tremor has been progressively worsening over the course of several weeks and he feels embarrassed and anxious about going to social events. He says these movements are involuntary and denies having an urge to have these movements. Medical h... | C: Deutetrabenazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department by ambulance following a motor vehicle accident. He was a restrained passenger. At the hospital, he is bleeding heavily from a large wound in his left leg. A review of medical records reveals a history of atrial fibrillation for which he takes warfarin. His inter... | B: Give fresh frozen plasma (FFP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening fatigue and shortness of breath. Her symptoms began 8 months ago and have progressively worsened since then. She had recurrent episodes of joint pain and fever during childhood. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She emigrated from the Congo with her p... | B: Esophageal compression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old boy is evaluated in the newborn nursery after the nurse witnessed the child convulsing. The child was born at 39 weeks gestation to a healthy 32-year-old G1P0 woman. Initial examination after birth was notable for a cleft palate. The child’s temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 100/60 mmHg, pul... | A: Activates 1-alpha-hydroxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old female with chronic renal failure presents with recent onset of bone pain. Serum analysis reveals decreased levels of calcium and elevated levels of parathyroid hormone. One of the mechanisms driving the elevated PTH is most similar to that seen in:? {'A': 'End stage liver failure', 'B': 'Insufficient C... | A: End stage liver failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman with subclinical hypothyroidism comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of progressively worsening headaches and irregular menses. Her menses had previously occurred at regular 30-day intervals with moderate flow, but her last menstrual period was 12 weeks ago. She also reports that he... | A: Bromocriptine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy presents to the office with allergic rhinitis. He reports symptoms of sneezing, nasal congestion, itching, and postnasal drainage every September at the start of the school year. He has a family history of childhood asthma and eczema. He has not tried any medications for his allergies. Which of the ... | D: Intranasal corticosteroids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of fever, watery diarrhea, and abdominal cramping for the past 24 hours. She recently went to an international food fair. Her temperature is 39°C (102.2°F). Physical examination shows increased bowel sounds. Stool cultures grow gram-positive, spore-forming... | C: Subcutaneous crepitus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician for preconceptional advice. She has been married for 2 years and would like to conceive within the next year. Menses occur at regular 30-day intervals and last 4 days with normal flow. She does not smoke or drink alcohol and follows a balanced diet. She takes no medications.... | A: Begin folate supplementation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman with a history of depression is brought to the emergency department by her husband 45 minutes after ingesting an unknown amount of a termite poison in a suicide attempt. She has abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her husband reports that she has had two episodes of watery diarrhea on the way to... | E: Dimercaprol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old patient comes to the emergency room with a chief complaint of left chest pain and a productive cough with purulent sputum for 1 week. He also complains of shortness of breath. He said he had been previously diagnosed with influenza but did not follow the doctor’s instructions. His vitals include: heart ... | B: Pneumonia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:While playing in the woods with friends, a 14-year-old African-American male is bitten by an insect. Minutes later he notices swelling and redness at the site of the insect bite. Which substance has directly led to the wheal formation?? {'A': 'IFN-gamma', 'B': 'Histamine', 'C': 'IL-22', 'D': 'Arachidonic acid', 'E': ... | B: Histamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old male with a history of chronic uncontrolled hypertension presents to the emergency room following an episode of syncope. He reports that he felt lightheaded and experienced chest pain while walking his dog earlier in the morning. He notes that he has experienced multiple similar episodes over the past y... | C: Crescendo-decrescendo murmur radiating to the carotids that is loudest at the right upper sternal border |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old Caucasian male spent the past month on a business trip in the Caribbean. Two weeks following his return, he began experiencing diarrhea, pain in his abdomen, and a headache. He presents to the hospital and is noted to be febrile with prominent rose-colored spots on his chest and abdomen. Following recov... | A: Gallbladder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A clinical study is studying new genetic gene-based therapies for children and adults with sickle cell disease. The patients were informed that they were divided into two age groups since younger patients suffer from different complications of the disease. The pediatric group is more likely to suffer from which of th... | E: I, IV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old Cambodian patient with a history of rheumatic heart disease presents to his primary care physician for a routine check-up. He reports being compliant with monthly penicillin G injections since being diagnosed with rheumatic fever at age 15. He denies any major side effects from the treatment, except for... | E: Continue intramuscular penicillin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with muscle weakness. She reports her symptoms have progressively worsened over the course of 2 weeks and are most significant in her lower extremities. She also notices increased urinary frequency. Approximately 1 month ago she was diagnosed with a calcium pho... | C: Administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the office for a regular follow-up. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 4 years ago. Her last blood test showed a fasting blood glucose level of 6.6 mmol/L (118.9 mg/dL) and HbA1c of 5.1%. No other significant past medical history. Current medications are metformin and a daily... | C: The physician has to measure the patient’s blood pressure because it is a standard of care for any person with diabetes mellitus who presents for a check-up. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for right hip pain 1 hour after she fell while walking around in her house. She has been unable to stand or walk since the fall. She has hypertension and gout. Her sister died of multiple myeloma at the age of 55 years. Current medications include amlodipine ... | A: Reduced osteoblastic activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents as a new patient at an outpatient clinic. He has never seen a physician before, but was motivated by his 40-year-old brother's recent heart attack and seeks to optimize his health. In particular, he read that uncontrolled atherosclerosis can lead to a heart attack. Which molecule is downreg... | C: Nitric oxide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn is brought to the emergency department by his parents with violent vomiting. It started about 3 days ago and has slowly gotten worse. He vomits after most feedings but seems to keep some formula down. His mother notes that he is eager to feed between episodes and seems to be putting on weight. Other than an... | E: Abdominal ultrasound; elongated pyloric channel and muscle hypertrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old pregnant woman presents to the clinic with complaints of cramping, abdominal pain, and severe watery diarrhea for the past 3 days. She also is nauseous and complains of fever and malaise. She was started on a 7-day course of amoxicillin after being admitted to the hospital for pyelonephritis 5 days ago.... | D: Oral vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman (gravida 3 para 1) with no prenatal care delivers a boy at 37 weeks gestation. His Apgar score is 5 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. His weight is 2.1 kg (4.2 lb) and length is 47 cm (1 ft 7 in). The mother’s history is significant for chronic pyelonephritis, atrial fibrillation, and gastroesophage... | E: Warfarin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of repetitive involuntary movements, including neck twisting, grimacing, grunting, and blinking, for the past 18 months. Her symptoms seem to improve with concentration and worsen with fatigue. During the past 3 months, they have become so severe that she has mis... | C: Risperidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with increased urinary frequency. Over the past 3 months, he has been urinating 2-3 times more often than usual. He has started to feel dehydrated and has increased his water intake to compensate. He works as a bank teller. He has a 25-pack-year smoking history ... | D: Metolazone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of a nonpruritic rash on his chest for 1 week. He returned from a trip to Puerto Rico 10 days ago. He started using a new laundry detergent after returning. He has type 1 diabetes mellitus controlled with insulin. His mother has Hashimoto thyroiditis, and his sister ha... | C: Increased growth of Malassezia globosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pharmaceutical company conducts a randomized clinical trial in an attempt to show that their new anticoagulant drug prevents more thrombotic events following total knee arthroplasty than the current standard of care. However, a significant number of patients are lost to follow-up or fail to complete treatment accor... | B: Intention to treat |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a rash on the elbows for several months. A biopsy of the affected area shows a thinned stratum granulosum as well as retained nuclei and spongiotic clusters of neutrophils in the stratum corneum. This patient's skin findings are most likely associated with wh... | A: Seronegative spondylarthropathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. She was riding a bike when she lost control and hit a car on the opposite side of the road. On arrival, she is unconscious. She has a history of intravenous heroin use. Her pulse is 56/min, respiration... | A: Elevated sympathetic response |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old female presents to her primary care physician because of pain on her right foot. She says that the pain began 2 weeks ago and gets worse with weight bearing. She has been training for a marathon, and this pain has limited her training. On exam, there are no signs of inflammation or deformities on her fo... | C: A benign neuroma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old Caucasian male complains of severe headache and pain while chewing. Upon examination, he is found to have a left visual field deficit. Laboratory results show elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Which of the following drugs would be the best choice for treatment of this patient?? {'A': 'Propranolol... | B: Prednisone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of involuntary, rhythmic movements of her hands for the past 5 months. Her symptoms initially affected her left hand only, but now both hands are affected. She also reports that her symptoms are worse at rest and that performing tasks such as tying her shoelaces and ... | E: Degeneration of the substantia nigra |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During an experiment conducted to alter the infectivity of common viruses that affect humans, an investigator successfully increases the host range of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The new strain of the virus can infect fibroblast-like cells in addition to the usual target of HIV. Which of the following is the ... | A: Mutation of the gene coding for viral surface glycoproteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man with congestive heart failure presents to the emergency department complaining of worsening shortness of breath. These symptoms have worsened over the last 3 days. He has a blood pressure of 126/85 mm Hg and heart rate of 82/min. Physical examination is notable for bibasilar crackles. A chest X-ray ... | B: Loop diuretics inhibit the action of the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because his skin has been progressively yellowing for the past 4 weeks. He also reports low appetite and difficulty fitting into his pants because of his swollen legs over the past several months. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. He does not smoke and... | A: Chronic viral hepatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for complaints of dizziness. The patient reports he experiences room-spinning dizziness lasting several hours at a time, approximately 2-3 times a month, starting 3 months ago. Upon questioning, the patient also reports right sided diminished hearing, tinnitus... | A: Low frequency sensorineural hearing loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination 1 week after being admitted to the hospital for oral candidiasis and esophagitis. His CD4+ T lymphocyte count is 180 cells/μL. An HIV antibody test is positive. Genotypic resistance assay shows the virus to be susceptible to all antiretroviral thera... | C: ↑ ↓ positive |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old U.S. born first year medical student with no prior hospital or healthcare work presents to the physician for a routine physical exam. The patient is HIV negative, denies drug use, and denies sick contacts. The physician places a purified protein tuberculin test in the patient's right forearm intradermal... | D: 72 hours and 16mm diameter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for nausea and vomiting for 1 day. His maternal uncle had a seizure disorder and died in childhood. He appears fatigued. Respirations are 32/min. Examination shows diffuse weakness in the extremities. Serum studies show a low pH, elevated lactate concentration, ... | E: Subsarcolemmal accumulation of mitochondria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy presents to your office with loss of his peripheral vision. His mother discovered this because he was almost struck by a vehicle that "he couldn't see at all". In addition, he has been complaining of a headache for the last several weeks and had an episode of vomiting 2 days ago. He has a family hist... | D: Cholesterol crystals and calcification |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are experimenting with hormone levels in mice in fasting and fed states. To test hormone levels in the fed state, the mice are given an oral glucose load and various hormones are measured in a blood sample. Researchers are most interested in the hormone whose blood levels track evenly with C-peptide level... | A: Fatty acid synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents because of a painful mass she first noticed on her neck 1 week ago (see image). The mass has grown over the last few days. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. On physical exam, her temperature is 38.0°C (100.4°F), pulse is 86/min, respirations are 12/min, blood... | E: Warthin-Starry silver stain for Bartonella henselae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old female who is 12 weeks pregnant presents to her primary care physician because she is concerned about her acne. While she has struggled with acne for most of her adult life, the acne has become more severe in the past few months. She has used benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and topical antibiotics in ... | A: Inhibition of bone growth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents with a draining abscess on his left jaw. The patient states that he had a “bad tooth” a few weeks ago which has progressed to his current condition. His vital signs include: blood pressure 110/80 mm Hg, heart rate 85/min, and temperature 37.9°C (100.3°F). On physical examination, the patien... | D: Gram-positive, branching rod |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old obese female presents with new-onset headaches, ringing in her ears, and blurry vision. Ibuprofen and avoidance of light has not relieved her symptoms. She denies a history of recent trauma, fever, chills, and fatigue. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus managed with metform... | A: Kidney stones |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old gravida 1 para 1 woman is being seen in the hospital for breast tenderness. She reports that both breasts are swollen and tender. She is also having difficulty getting her newborn to latch. The patient gave birth 4 days ago by uncomplicated vaginal delivery. During her pregnancy, the patient developed g... | D: Vitamin D |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents, who began noticing that the infant was not able to hold his head upright when sitting or in a prone position. Upon examination, the infant has a musty odor, fair skin with patches of eczema, and blue eyes. The pediatrician orders laboratory tests and pr... | A: Large neutral amino acids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 3-week history of intermittent swelling of his left arm and feeling of fullness in his head that is exacerbated by lying down and bending over to tie his shoes. Physical examination shows left-sided facial edema and distention of superficial veins in th... | C: Apical lung tumor |
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