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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fatigue, irregular menses, and recurrent respiratory infections for the past 6 months. Her blood pressure is 151/82 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a round face, thinning of the skin, and multiple bruises on her arms. Further studies confirm the diagnosis of an ... | E: Pathologic fracture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the pediatric emergency department by his parents with a complaint of abdominal pain and diarrhea for the past week. He states that for the past two days, he has noticed blood in his stool. His parents note that they attended a neighbor’s barbecue last weekend, but otherwise have not e... | C: Microthrombi within glomerular vessels on kidney biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of involuntary hand movements that improve with alcohol consumption. Physical examination shows bilateral hand tremors that worsen when the patient is asked to extend her arms out in front of her. The physician prescribes a medication that is associated with an incre... | D: ↓ ↓ ↑ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents with sudden onset shortness of breath. They tell the emergency physician that their daughter was lying on the bed watching television when she suddenly began gasping for air. They observed a bowl of peanuts lying next to her when they grabbed her... | C: The superior segment of the right lower lobe |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 67-year-old woman comes to your clinic after being admitted to the hospital for 2 weeks after breaking her hip. She has not regularly seen a physician for the past several years because she has been working hard at her long-time job as a schoolteacher. You wonder if she has not been taking adequa... | A: Medicare Part A will cover the majority of her hospital fees, including inpatient drugs and lab tests. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman has painless abdominal distension 2 days after admission for acute pancreatitis. Her initial abdominal pain has resolved. Enteral nutrition has been initiated. She has not passed any stool since being admitted to the hospital. She has nausea but no vomiting. Her temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F), pul... | B: Ileus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the changes that occur in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve of different types of hemoglobin under various conditions. The blood obtained from a male infant shows decreased affinity for 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. Which of the following is the most likely composition of the hemoglo... | E: α2γ2 " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research team is studying the effects of a novel drug that was discovered to treat type 2 diabetes. In order to learn more about its effects, they follow patients who are currently taking the drug and determine whether there are adverse effects that exceed anticipated levels and may therefore be drug-related. They ... | D: Phase IV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man presents to a physician with complaints of paresthesia of the lower extremities, which he has had for the last 3 months. He has been frequently fatigued for the past 5 months and also experienced an increased frequency of urination over the last few months. There is no history of a known medical con... | D: Polygenic inheritance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after injuring his genital area when he fell astride his backyard fence. He was trimming a tree from the fence when he lost his balance. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows blood at the urethral meatus, perineal ecchymoses, and a ... | C: Bulbous urethra |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are working in the emergency room of a children's hospital when a 4-year-old girl is brought in by ambulance due to "difficulty breathing." The patient had been eating lunch on a school field trip when she suddenly complained of abdominal pain. Shortly thereafter, she was noted to have swelling of the lips, a rap... | C: Cross-linking of IgE on mast cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his friends because of blurred vision and slurred speech for the past 6 hours. He had some difficulty swallowing his food during lunch and has weakness in both arms. Two weeks ago, he had an upper respiratory infection that resolved spontaneously. He lives i... | D: Toxin that inhibits ACh release |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year old boy is brought into clinic for evaluation of possible scoliosis that was newly found on a routine exam at school. On exam, he is also noted to be in the 99th percentile for height and 70th percentile for weight. He appears to have abnormally long extremities as well as an upward lens dislocation on opht... | D: Fibrillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of malaise and dark urine for the past 5 days. He has also had recurrent episodes of sinus congestion, productive cough, and fever for 3 months. Additionally, he has noticed a rash on his arms and feet. He has seasonal allergic conjunctivitis treated with ketotifen eye... | D: Granulomatous vasculitis of small and medium-sized vessels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of poor feeding and recurrent episodes of vomiting. He was delivered at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. He is at the 5th percentile for length and weight. Physical examination shows generalized hypotonia. Urinalysis shows increased propionic acid ... | C: Branched-chain amino acids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a sudden-onset sensation that the room is spinning causing him to experience several episodes of nausea and vomiting. Upon arriving, the patient’s symptoms have resolved. He states his symptoms occurred as he was going to bed. He has never experienced this b... | A: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of progressive right knee pain for the past 3 months. He reports that the pain is worse at night and while doing sports at school. He has not had any trauma to the knee or any previous problems with his joints. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination... | E: Osteosarcoma " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One hour after being admitted to the hospital for sharp, acute chest pain and diaphoresis, a 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus loses consciousness in the emergency department. There are no palpable pulses. Chest compressions are started. The patient has a history of breast cancer that was surgically tre... | D: Intravenous epinephrine therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents to the opthalmologist for a down- and inward dislocation of the lens in his left eye. On physical exam, the boy has a marfanoid habitus and mental retardation. Biochemical tests were performed to locate the exact defect in this boy. It was found that there was a significant reduction of the ... | B: Homocystinuria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old gravida 1, para 0 woman is brought to the hospital in labor at 39 weeks gestation. After 4 hours, she gives birth to a healthy appearing baby boy with APGAR scores of 7 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. She had limited prenatal screening but did have an ultrasound at 35 weeks that showed polyhydramnios. T... | C: Trisomy 21 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman presents with progressive weakness, exercise intolerance, and occasional dizziness for the past 3 months. Past medical history is unremarkable. She reports an 18-pack-year smoking history and drinks alcohol rarely. Her vital signs include: temperature 36.6°C (97.8°F), blood pressure 139/82 mm Hg, ... | C: Reticulocyte count |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old woman presents to the clinic after an X-ray that revealed compression fractures of her L1 and L2 vertebral bodies due to osteoporotic changes. The patient has a history of hypertension for which she takes hydrochlorothiazide, and rheumatoid arthritis, for which she has been taking prednisone for the las... | D: Bone depletion due to chronic corticosteroid use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old male is brought in by ambulance to the emergency department after he was found unresponsive at home for an unknown length of time. Upon arrival, he is found to be severely altered and unable to answer questions about his medical history. Based on clinical suspicion, a panel of basic blood tests are obta... | C: Respiratory acidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after the onset of severe anterior chest pain and shortness of breath. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. He appears distressed. His pulse is 116/min, respirations are 22/min, and b... | A: Tear in the tunica intima |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening pain with swallowing for 3 days and a dry sensation in the mouth over the past week. She has a history of asthma controlled with inhaled fluticasone and albuterol. Physical examination shows white plaques on the dorsal surface of the tongue and buccal mu... | B: Nystatin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents with ongoing diplopia for 1 week. She has noticed that her diplopia is more prominent when she looks at objects in her periphery. It does not present when looking straight ahead. She does not have a fever, headache, ocular pain, lacrimation, blurring of vision, or changes in her color vis... | C: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man is brought to the physician by his mother because of concerns about his recent behavior. Three months ago, the patient first reported hearing loud voices coming from the ceiling of his room. During this time, he has also become increasingly worried that visitors to the house were placing secret surv... | A: Mesolimbic pathway |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman at 30 weeks gestation presents to the obstetrician with the sudden onset of fever, headache, anorexia, fatigue, and malaise. She mentioned that she had eaten ice cream 3 days ago. Blood cultures show gram-positive rods that are catalase-positive and display distinctive tumbling motility in liquid ... | C: Listeriosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents to the emergency room because of severe back pain after a fall. She says that she was walking home from work when she slipped on a patch of ice on the sidewalk. Since she did not have anything to hold onto, she fell backwards and landed on her posterior iliac crests bilaterally. Immediate... | A: Inhibition of leukotriene and prostaglandin production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents for a follow-up visit. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a month ago but refused to start medications despite counseling due to her fear of gaining weight. She tried exercising and eating healthy in an attempt to ''cure'' her diabetes. She managed to lose 1.8 kg (4 lb) in a ... | C: Start metformin. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 30-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of a recurring rash that typically occurs on exposure to the sun and affects only the face. She also has noticed several nonpainful ulcers on the roof of her mouth. She is sexually active with one male partner and they use cond... | B: Renal biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to the emergency room for a fever that has persisted for over 4 days. In addition, he has been experiencing weakness and malaise. His past medical history is significant for a bicuspid aortic valve that was replaced 2 years ago. Physical exam reveals nailbed splinter hemorrhages, tender nod... | B: Dental procedures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother after 2 days of fever, runny nose, hoarseness, and severe, dry cough. He appears restless. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.5°F), and his respiratory rate is 39/min. Examination shows clear rhinorrhea and a barking cough. There is a prolonged... | D: Parainfluenza virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is presented to the emergency department by his parents due to swelling in his right knee after playing in the park. His parents say there was no obvious injury. After questioning, the mother says that an uncle of hers had similar problems. The vital signs include heart rate 146/min, respiratory r... | D: Hemophilia A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man presents to the clinic for follow up for treatment of latent tuberculosis. He is a healthcare worker and began isoniazid 3 months ago after a routine PPD yielded a 12-mm induration. He feels otherwise well and attributes this to his vegetarian diet that he has been following for the past 4 years. Hi... | C: Pyridoxine supplementation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A case-control study with a focus on risk factors that may influence the development of depression was conducted among the elderly population in one tertiary hospital in Malaysia. The study involved 150 elderly patients diagnosed with depressive illness from the psychiatry ward, as well as another group of 150 elderl... | C: Blinded the investigators |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with weight gain and a milky-white discharge from her breasts. Patient says she noticed herself gaining weight and a milky white discharge from her breasts. Past medical history is significant for schizophrenia, recently diagnosed and treated with risperidone. No history of headache, naus... | C: Decrease in dopamine activity in tuberoinfundibular pathway |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of severe chest pain for the last hour. The pain travels along the left arm and upper jaw. The patient also reports difficulty breathing and profuse sweating. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has smoked one pack of cigaret... | B: Supportive care only |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-month-old boy is brought to a pediatrician by his parents for evaluation of vomiting and watery diarrhea over the last day. The mother informs the pediatrician that the boy had consumed an apple bought from a fruit vendor on the previous day, but that otherwise there has been no recent change in his diet. There... | A: Age-appropriate diet |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old female is brought to the emergency department after being found unconscious outside of a local night club by her friends. On arrival the patient is stuporous. Her temperature is 35°C (95°F), blood pressure is 105/75 mm Hg, pulse is 55/min, and respirations are 10/min. Examination shows dry mucous membra... | D: Heroin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago. The rash spread rapidly and involves the trunk and extremities. Last week, he had a mild sore throat, pink eyes, and a headache. His family recently immigrated from Ethiopi... | A: Togavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 14-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her mother because of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for 6 hours. Over the past 6 weeks, she has also had increased frequency of urination, and she has been drinking more water than usual. She has lost 6 kg (13 lb) over the same tim... | E: Decreased total body potassium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman with ongoing dyspnea returns to her physician for a follow-up appointment. After an abnormal echocardiogram and pulmonary function testing revealed an isolated reduction in DLCO, a right heart catheterization was ordered to confirm the physician's clinical suspicion. She has family members with si... | E: Vasodilator |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An infant boy of unknown age and medical history is dropped off in the emergency department. The infant appears lethargic and has a large protruding tongue. Although the infant exhibits signs of neglect, he is in no apparent distress. The heart rate is 70/min, the respiratory rate is 30/min, and the temperature is 35... | B: Congenital agenesis of an endocrine gland in the anterior neck |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of worsening upper abdominal pain for 8 hours. She reports that the pain radiates to the back and is associated with nausea. She has hypertension and hyperlipidemia, for which she takes enalapril, furosemide, and simvastatin. Her temperature is 37.5°C... | E: Capillary leakage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man with a history of major depressive disorder, asthma, and erectile dysfunction presents to his family physician complaining of depressed mood, amotivation, overeating, and anhedonia. He currently takes no medications. The patient has a 3 pack-year smoking history and would like to quit but has been u... | B: Bupropion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old woman presents with a 2-week history of severe fatigue. Over the past month, she has unintentionally lost 2 kg (4.4 lb). Three years ago, she was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. Currently, she takes no medications other than aspirin for occasional knee pain. She does not smoke or drink alcohol.... | A: Acute myeloid leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old man with no significant past medical, surgical, or family history presents to his pediatrician with new symptoms following a recent camping trip. He notes that he went with a group of friends and 1 other group member is experiencing similar symptoms. Over the past 5 days, he endorses significant flatule... | A: Collecting water from a stream, without boiling or chemical treatment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of multiple swellings in both her axillae. She says they are generally painless, but are sometimes painful on the weekends. She also has increased fatigue, recurring low-grade fevers, and generalized pruritus. She does not smoke. She drinks five ... | E: Erythocyte sedimentation rate of 65 mm/h " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man comes to the emergency room complaining of chest discomfort. He describes the feeling as "tightness," and also reports weakness and palpitations for the past hour. He denies shortness of breath, diaphoresis, or lightheadedness. He has no significant past medical history, and does not smoke, drink, o... | D: Thyroid stimulating hormone level (TSH) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old African American boy is brought to your office by his parents with a 1-day history of severe left hip pain. It is too painful for him to walk without support. He took ibuprofen, which brought no relief. He has had no chills or sweats. Similar painful episodes in the past required multiple hospitalizati... | D: Howell-Jolly bodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the brains of patients who recently died from stroke-related causes. One specimen has a large thrombus in an area of the brain that is important in relaying many modalities of sensory information from the periphery to the sensory cortex. Which of the following embryologic structures gave rise... | B: Diencephalon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being involved in a bar fight. Physical examination shows tenderness to palpation over the left side of the back. An x-ray of the chest shows a fracture of the 12th rib on the left side. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following inj... | D: Kidney laceration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old African American man is brought to the emergency department with a worsening productive cough and dyspnea for 2 days. He has had generalized bone pain for 2 months. He was admitted for pyelonephritis last month. He also received outpatient treatment for pneumonia almost 2 months ago. Over the past 2 mon... | B: Hypogammaglobulinemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of intermittent headaches. They have been getting progressively worse and no longer respond to ibuprofen. He also complains of weight gain and excessive sweating. Physical examination shows prominent supraorbital ridges, prognathism, macroglossia w... | B: Octreotide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy comes for a post-operative clinic visit with his ENT surgeon three months after airway reconstruction surgery and placement of a tracheostomy tube. Since the surgery, he says that he has been able to breathe better and is now getting used to tracheostomy care and tracheostomy tube changes. In additi... | A: First branchial arch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a rapid change in his behavior. The patient recently returned from a vacation in rural Mexico and recovered from several episodes of bloody diarrhea. He has had a notable and rapid decline in his memory which started this morning. His personality has also ch... | D: Sharp wave complexes on EEG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old woman with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension was admitted to the hospital 8 hours ago with substernal chest pain for management of acute non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The ECG findings noted by ST-depressions and T-wave inversions on anter... | B: Initiate dopamine therapy and diuresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband because of a 1-year history of abnormal behavior. During this time she has been irritable, restless, and has had multiple episodes of hearing voices. Over the past month, she has also had difficulty swallowing. She has a 2-year history of depression. She ... | E: Huntington disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman has progressively worsening abdominal pain 5 hours after an open valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass. The pain is crampy and associated with an urge to defecate. The patient reports having had 2 bloody bowel movements in the last hour. Her operation was complicated by significant intraop... | B: Decreased blood flow to the splenic flexure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother. She is concerned that her son has had intermittent periods of severe abdominal pain over the past several days that has been associated with emesis and "currant jelly" stool. Of note, the family lives in a rural part of the state, requiring a 2 ... | D: Admit to hospital for 24 hour observation for complications and/or recurrence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of persistent fatigue, dizziness, and weight loss for the past 3 months. She has a history of hypothyroidism and takes thyroxine replacement. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg in a supine position and 65/40 mm Hg while sitting, temperature is ... | A: Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal gland |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man with a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He is a known user of intravenous cocaine. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows multiple hyperpigmented lines along the forearms. Oral examination ... | A: Phenytoin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man with prostate cancer comes to the physician because of low back pain for 2 weeks and a 4.5-kg (10-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows localized tenderness over the lumbar spine. An x-ray of the lumbar spine shows several osteoblastic lesions at the level of L2 and L4 vertebrae. Microscopic e... | B: Macula communicans |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-week-old female newborn is brought to the physician because of increasing yellow discoloration of her eyes and skin for 2 days. She was born at 39 weeks' gestation and weighed 3066 g (6 lb 12 oz); she now weighs 3200 g (7 lb 1 oz). She is exclusively breastfed. Her older brother died 3 months after liver surgery.... | D: Breast milk jaundice |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is trying to determine whether a newly discovered substance X can be useful in promoting wound healing after surgery. She conducts this study by enrolling the next 100 patients that will be undergoing this surgery and separating them into 2 groups. She decides which patient will be in which group by usin... | A: Level 1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to a physician with severe fevers and headaches for 3 days. The pain is constant and mainly behind the eyes. He has myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and a rash for one day. Last week, during an academic winter break, he traveled on a tour with his family to several countries, including Brazil,... | C: Dengue fever |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old male comes to his family physician with complaints of joint pain that has been present for over 7 weeks. Prior to the onset of his arthritis, he recalls having a gastrointestinal infection which caused mild diarrhea and abdominal cramps. He recovered well and had no issues until his joint pain started. ... | B: Sulfasalazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of fever and altered mentation. He reports fever without chills and rigors and denies sore throat, abdominal pain, headache, loose stool, burning micturition, or seizures. He has a history of tics and is currently on a low dose of haloperidol... | E: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for evaluation of abnormal growth and skin abnormalities. His mother has also noticed that his eyes do not fully close when sleeping. He is at the 24th percentile for height, 17th percentile for weight, and 29th percentile for head circumference. Physical e... | D: Lamin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because of a tremor that he has developed over the last several months. He says that the tremor is worst when he is resting but becomes better when he engages in movements such as picking up the remote for his TV. His wife also says that his movements have beco... | B: Inhibition of the globus pallidus internus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to her physician with complaints of breast swelling and redness of the skin over her right breast for the past 1 month. She also mentions that the skin above her right breast appears to have thickened. She denies any pain or nipple discharge. The past medical history is significant for a ... | B: The inflammation is due to obstruction of dermal lymphatic vessels. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old primigravid woman at 26 weeks' gestation comes to the physician complaining of absent fetal movements for the last 2 days. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography 14 weeks earlier. She has no vaginal bleeding or discharge. She has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus controlled with insulin. Vital s... | B: Plan for oxytocin administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness. He explains that this problem has worsened slowly over the past few years but is now interfering with his ability to play with his grandchildren. He worked previously as an overnight train conductor, but he has been ... | C: Poor oropharyngeal tone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician with a recurring fever and malaise for 3 weeks. He has also had fatigue and loss of appetite. He initially presented 2 weeks ago with a maculopapular rash that has since resolved. At the time, he was given a prescription for amoxicillin-clavulanate. He d... | D: Azithromycin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because of difficulty sleeping. One to two times per week for the past 2 months, she has woken up frightened in the middle of the night, yelling and crying. She has not seemed confused after waking up, and she is consolable and able to fall back asleep in ... | D: Nightmare disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man who underwent kidney transplantation 6 months ago, presents to the physician because of fever, dyspnea, non-productive cough, and lethargy. He is on no other medications apart from immunosuppressive therapy. On physical examination, the vital signs include: pulse 110/min, blood pressure 126/76 mm Hg... | B: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole intravenously |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of burning bilateral leg pain which has been increasing gradually over the past several months. It worsens when he walks but improves with rest. His past medical and surgical history are significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and a 40-pack-year smo... | B: Exercise and smoking cessation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, comes to the physician because she had a positive pregnancy test at home. During the last two weeks, she has had nausea and two episodes of non-bloody vomiting. She also reports increased urinary frequency. Her pregnancy and delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. Last ... | D: Lower spinal surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man comes to the physician accompanied by his wife because of a 6-month history of worsening episodic upper abdominal pain and an 8-kg (17.6-lb) weight loss. The pain is dull, nonradiating, worse after eating, and occasionally associated with bloating and diarrhea. His symptoms have not improved despite... | C: CT angiography of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Five days after admission into the ICU for drug-induced acute kidney injury, a 27-year-old woman develops fever. She is currently on a ventilator and sedatives. Hemodialysis is performed via a catheter placed in the right internal jugular vein. Feeding is via a nasogastric tube. An indwelling urinary catheter shows m... | B: Central catheter-related bacteremia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents for his annual check-up. He says he feels well except for occasional abdominal pain. He describes the pain as 4/10–5/10 in intensity, diffusely localized to the periumbilical and epigastric regions, radiating to the groin. The pain occurs 1–2 times a month and always subsides on its own. Th... | A: Abdominal aortic aneurysm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Six days after undergoing a left hemicolectomy for colorectal carcinoma, a 59-year-old man collapses in the hospital hallway and is unconscious for 30 seconds. Afterwards, he complains of shortness of breath and chest pain with deep inhalation. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He smoked one pack of cigarettes ... | C: Dilated right ventricular cavity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to her physician with a complaint of pain and stiffness in her hands. She says that the pain began 6 weeks ago a few days after she had gotten over a minor upper respiratory infection. She admits that the pain is worse in the morning, and she occasionally notes subjective fever but has no... | E: Prednisone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of abnormal vaginal bleeding for the past 2 months. Apart from the past 2 months, she has had regular menstrual cycles. She had menarche at the age of 13. She has no personal or family history of any serious illnesses. She takes no medications. Her vital signs ar... | B: Embryonal carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy presents with a swollen face and irritability. The patient's mother reports his urine was red this morning. 3 weeks ago, he presented to this same clinic with a ‘sandpaper’ rash and a red tongue with patchy hyperplastic fungiform papillae for which he was given broad-spectrum antibiotics. Laboratory ... | C: I, IV, V |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents to the general medical clinic with a chief complaint of anxiety. She has been having severe anxiety and fatigue for the past seven months. She has difficulty concentrating and her work has suffered, and she has also developed diarrhea from the stress. She doesn't understand why she feels ... | E: A drug that blocks dopamine 2 receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old female is brought to the emergency room by her parents shortly after a suicide attempt by aspirin overdose. Which of the following acid/base changes will occur FIRST in this patient?? {'A': 'Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis', 'B': 'Anion gap metabolic acidosis', 'C': 'Respiratory acidosis', 'D': 'Metabo... | E: Respiratory alkalosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During a humanitarian medical mission in rural Vietnam, a medical resident encounters a 50-year-old man with a year-long history of a pruritic rash on his upper body and face, along with numbness and tingling sensation of both of his palms. He mostly works on his family’s rice farm, where he also takes care of livest... | D: Leprosy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by her roommate. Her roommate says that the patient has been acting “strangely” for the past 10 days. She has noticed that the patient has been moving and talking on the phone at all hours of the night. She doesn’t think that the patient sleeps more than one... | C: Bipolar I disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 87-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after a fall onto a hardwood floor. She landed on her left side and hit the left side of her head. She did not lose consciousness. She has a mild headache over the left temple and severe left hip pain. She has had nasal congestion, a sore throat, ... | E: Blood loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old male presents with primary complaints of a palpable mass in his scrotum and mild testicular pain. Physical exam reveals an abnormal appearing scrotum around the left testis, as depicted in image A. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this presentation?? {'A': 'Compression of the left r... | A: Compression of the left renal vein at the aortic origin of the superior mesenteric artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents. He has burns over his left hand. The mother tells the doctor that the child was playing unobserved in the kitchen and accidentally grabbed a hot spoon, which produced the burn. She also says his pediatrician had expressed concern as to the poss... | A: Forced immersion in hot water |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for a 5-day-history of worsening dyspnea, orthopnea, and lower leg swelling. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and myocardial infarction 10 years ago. Current medications include metoprolol, lisinopril, ethacry... | B: Decreased serum Na+ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You have been asked to quantify the relative risk of developing bacterial meningitis following exposure to a patient with active disease. You analyze 200 patients in total, half of which are controls. In the trial arm, 30% of exposed patients ultimately contracted bacterial meningitis. In the unexposed group, only 1%... | A: [30 / (30 + 70)] / [1 / (1 + 99)] |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A father brings in his 7-year-old twin sons because they have a diffuse rash. They have several papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusts on their scalps, torso, and limbs. The skin lesions are pruritic. Other than that, the boys appear to be well. The father reports that several children in school have a similar rash.... | B: Bacterial superinfection of skin lesions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old female comes to the physician’s office with complaints of right lower quadrant pain. She has been experiencing these symptoms for the last 6 months and they have progressively gotten worse. An ultrasound reveals a large ovarian mass and abdominal and pelvic CT reveals no metastases. Her serum levels of ... | C: Loss of E-cadherin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old African American woman G1P0 at 33 weeks gestation presents to the emergency department because "her water broke." Her prenatal history is remarkable for proteinuria in the absence of hypertension during her third trimester check-up. She denies any smoking, alcohol use, sick contacts, abdominal pain, fev... | A: Growth retardation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 40 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. Her first pregnancy and delivery were complicated by iron deficiency anemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension. She has had no routine prenatal care during this pregnancy but was diagnosed with oligohydramnios ... | A: Maternal phenytoin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old female presents to her obstetrician 3 weeks postpartum for failure to lactate. Of note, she has been unable to tolerate cold environments since the birth of her child. Review of systems is positive for fatigue, lightheadedness, and a 3-pound weight gain over the last 3 weeks. Her delivery was complicate... | B: Aldosterone |
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