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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 80-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her 2 daughters for worsening memory loss. They report that their mother is increasingly forgetful about recent conversations and events. She is unable to remember her appointments and commitments she has made. 3 years ago, the patient was moved into an elder care f... | E: Neurofibrillary tangles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An experimental new drug (SD27C) is being studied. This novel drug delivers insulin via the intranasal route. Consent is obtained from participants who are diabetic and are taking insulin as their current treatment regimen to participate in a clinical trial. 500 patients consent and are divided into 2 groups, and a d... | B: Phase III |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents with progressive gait difficulty, neck pain, and bladder incontinence. She also complains of urinary urgency. Past medical history is significant for uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with a previous hemoglobin A1c of 10.8%. Physical examination reveals slightly increased muscle tone in all ... | C: Large-volume lumbar tap |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents to the emergency department because of increasingly severe right upper abdominal pain, fever, and non-bloody vomiting for the last 5 hours. The pain is dull, intermittent, and radiates to her right shoulder. During the past 3 months, she has had recurring abdominal discomfort after meals.... | C: History of multiple past pregnancies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man is running a marathon (42.2 km) on a hot summer day and collapses about halfway through the run. Emergency personnel are called and find him having a seizure. As the seizure subsides, the runner exhibits confusion, dry lips and decreased skin turgor. On the way to the emergency department, he denies... | C: 3% NaCl |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 2-month history of chest pain and heartburn after meals. The patient reports that the pain is worse at night and especially when lying down. She has a history of Raynaud's disease treated with nifedipine. There is no family history of serious illness. She emigrated to ... | C: Anticentromere antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man is evaluated in the clinic for several episodes of diarrhea during the past 2 months. He denies having fever or abdominal pain and states that his diarrhea has been getting worse despite the use of over-the-counter loperamide and bismuth compounds. Upon further questioning, he recalls having multipl... | B: Tryptophan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department shortly after a 2-minute episode of rhythmic eye blinking and uncontrolled shaking of all limbs. She was unresponsive during the episode. For the past few days, the girl has had a fever and mild nasal congestion. Her immunizations are up-to-date. Her temperat... | D: Discharge the patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents with involuntary jerks seen in his upper extremities. The patient’s mother says that “his eyes move in different directions every now and then”. Last winter, the patient had chickenpox but otherwise has always been healthy. His vital signs are a blood pressure of 100/90 mm Hg, temperature of... | A: MYCN |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man undergoes surgical intervention due to a right upper quadrant stab wound. His gallbladder was found to be lacerated and is removed. It is sent for histological evaluation. The pathologist examines the slide shown in the exhibit and identifies several structures numbered the image. Which of the follo... | D: This section is taken from the site which does not adjoin liver |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department for a fever and abdominal pain. The patient states that his pain has been worsening over the past week in the setting of a fever. He has a past medical history of IV drug abuse and multiple admissions for septic shock. His temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pre... | E: Splenic abscess |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department from a senior-care facility after he was found with a decreased level of consciousness and fever. His personal history is relevant for colorectal cancer that was managed with surgical excision of the tumor. Upon admission, he is found to have a blood pressure o... | A: Ampicillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy re-presents to his pediatrician with a new onset rash that began a few days after his initial visit. He initially presented with complaints of sore throat but was found to have a negative strep test. His mother demanded that he be placed on antibiotics, but this was refused by his pediatrician. The ... | C: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl who recently immigrated to the United States from Bolivia presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of inattentiveness in school. The patient's teacher describes her as occasionally "day-dreaming" for periods of time during which the patient does not respond or participate in sc... | C: Valproic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man is brought to the emergency room 6 hours after the onset of severe epigastric pain and vomiting. His heart rate is 110/min and blood pressure is 98/72 mm Hg. He is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, and fluid resuscitation with normal saline is initiated. Which of the following is the most likely im... | C: Increase in myocardial oxygen demand |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain and discomfort for the past 3 days. She was diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) a couple of years ago, managed until recently with imipramine, psyllium, and loperamide. 5 days ago, because she had developed alternating diarrhea and constipation, bloating, and... | E: Ischemic colitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old patient with a history of anxiety, chronic constipation, chronic headaches, and chronic hypertension presents to the emergency room with severe right flank pain radiating to his scrotum. A urinalysis with stone analysis is performed and the results are shown in figure A. Prior to discharge, it is noted ... | B: Medullary thyroid cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy presents with a painful rash for 1 day. He says that the reddish, purple rash started on his forearm but has now spread to his abdomen. He says there is a burning pain in the area where the rash is located. He also says he has had a stuffy nose for several days. Past medical history is significant f... | C: Lamotrigine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to the endocrinologist with complaints of increased shoe size and headaches in the morning. These symptoms have developed gradually over the past year but have become especially concerning because he can no longer wear his normal-sized boots. He denies any other symptoms, including visual c... | B: Liver |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of dull lower abdominal pain for 3 hours. He has not urinated for 24 hours and has not passed stool for over 3 days. He was diagnosed with herpes zoster 4 weeks ago and continues to have pain even after his rash resolved. He has hypertension, benign pro... | E: Desipramine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl presents to the pediatric dermatologist with an expanding, but otherwise asymptomatic erythematous patch on her right shoulder, which she first noticed 3 days ago. The girl states the rash started as a small red bump but has gradually progressed to its current size. No similar lesions were observed... | B: Lyme disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man with a 35-pack-year history of smoking is found to be lethargic three days being admitted with a femur fracture following a motor vehicle accident. His recovery has been progressing well thus far, though pain continued to be present. On exam, the patient minimally responsive with pinpoint pupils. Vi... | D: Naloxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of infertility. She has been unable to conceive for the past 2 years. Menses occur at 45 to 80-day intervals. She is 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weighs 77 kg (170 lb); BMI is 27.4 kg/m2. Physical examination shows facial acne and pigmented hair on the uppe... | E: Inhibition of hypothalamic estrogen receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A six-year-old male presents to the pediatrician for a well child visit. The patient’s parents report that they are struggling to manage his temper tantrums, which happen as frequently as several times per day. They usually occur in the morning before school and during mealtimes, when his parents try to limit how muc... | C: Hypogonadism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old and his caregiver present for a follow-up after a transthoracic needle biopsy of one of the large lesions in his chest was reported as non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Previously, a chest CT revealed numerous nodules in the lungs bilaterally. The chest CT was ordered after the patient experienced a... | E: Tumors seeded via the pulmonary arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old African American female presents to her primary care physician reporting a history of excess hair growth. She has to shave her face and chest on a regular basis. She is sexually active and uses condoms for protection. Her last period was two months ago and she reports having 5-6 menstrual periods per ye... | B: Desmolase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for evaluation of intractable vomiting and uterine cramping. Her last menstrual period was 7 weeks ago. Serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin concentration is 170,000 mIU/mL. A transvaginal ultrasound shows a complex intrauterine mass with numero... | C: 46,XX of paternal origin only |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department for sudden pain in his foot. The patient states that when he woke up, he experienced severe pain in his right great toe. The patient’s wife immediately brought him to the emergency department. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, ... | C: Lifestyle measures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has had frequent falls over the past two years. During the past six months, the patient has been unable to walk or stand without assistance and she now uses a wheelchair. Her mother was diagnosed with a vestibular schwannoma at age 52. He... | C: Heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A drug discovery team is conducting research to observe the characteristics of a novel drug under different experimental conditions. The drug is converted into the inactive metabolites by an action of an enzyme E. After multiple experiments, the team concludes that as compared to physiologic pH, the affinity of the e... | B: Acidic pH, co-administration of antioxidant A, no administration of drug B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after the onset of severe dyspnea. On arrival, she is unresponsive. Her pulse is 160/min, respirations are 32/min, and blood pressure is 60/30 mm Hg. CT angiography of the chest shows extensive pulmonary embolism in both lungs. She is given a drug ... | C: Unfractioned heparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of confusion, weight loss, and anuria. He has chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 8 years and was treated with an allogeneic stem cell transplantation. He i... | E: No absolute contraindications |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old G1P0 presents to her obstetrician for her normal 30-week obstetric appointment. She reports that she feels well and has no complaints. Her past medical history is notable for intermittent asthma. Her only medications are prenatal vitamins. She has gained 10 pounds, more than expected given her current s... | B: Days 4-8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old girl is brought to the physician by her father for a routine well-child examination. She is given a vaccine that contains polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated to a toxoid carrier. The vaccine is most likely to provide immunity against which of the following pathogens?? {'A': 'Streptococcus pneumoniae... | D: Haemophilus influenzae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research group designed a study to investigate the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States. The investigators examined per capita income and rates of syphilis in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. Data on city-wide syphilis rates was provided by each city's health agency. The investigators ulti... | C: Ecological study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to her pediatrician complaining of painful urination over the last 5 days. She describes it as a burning and itching when she uses the bathroom and has never had a feeling like this before. She was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. She is up to date on all vacci... | E: Yellow mucopurulent discharge |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old girl is brought in by her father for a scheduled check-up with her pediatrician. He states that over the past 4-5 months she has had multiple ear infections. She was also hospitalized for an upper respiratory infection 2 months ago. Since then she has been well. She has started to pull herself up to wal... | C: Delayed onset of normal immunoglobulins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is admitted to the inpatient psychiatry unit after her boyfriend reported she was “acting funny and refusing to talk.” The patient’s boyfriend states that he came home from work and found the patient sitting up in bed staring at the wall. When he said her name or waved his hand in front of her, sh... | E: Lorazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room for a 6-hour history of fever, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. Physical examination shows pooling of oral secretions and inspiratory stridor. Lateral x-ray of the neck shows thickening of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds. Throat culture with chocolate ... | A: Inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of medical students is studying bacteria and their pathogenesis. They have identified that a substantial number of bacteria cause human disease by producing exotoxins. Exotoxins are typically proteins, but they have different mechanisms of action and act at different sites. The following is a list of exotoxin... | C: Cholera toxin - ADP-ribosylates Gs, keeping adenylate cyclase active and ↑ [cAMP] |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of chest pain on exertion. She takes no medications. Cardiopulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. Cardiac stress ECG shows inducible ST-segment depressions in the precordial leads that coincide with the patient's report ... | E: ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents who are concerned about his bizarre behavior. Over the past three months, he has become withdrawn from his friends and less interested in his classes and extracurricular activities. On several occasions, he has torn apart rooms in their home looking for “bu... | D: Schizophreniform disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old female presents to the emergency department after a fall. She reports severe pain in her right hip and an inability to move her right leg. Her past medical history is notable for osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and has never undergone surgery before. The patient was adopted, and her family history i... | A: Ryanodine receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Recently, clarithromycin was found to have an increased risk of cardiac death in a Danish study. This study analyzed patients who were previously treated with clarithromycin or another antibiotic, and then they were followed over time to ascertain if cardiac death resulted. What type of study design does this represe... | B: Cohort study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old male college student is brought to the emergency department by the campus police after he was found yelling at a bookshelf in the library. His roommate does not know of any prior episodes similar to this. His vital signs are within normal limits. The patient appears unkempt. On mental status examination... | E: Ziprasidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of bloody stool. She reports several episodes of bloody stools over the past two months as well as a feeling of a mass near her anus. She has one to two non-painful bowel movements per day. She has a history of alcohol abuse and hypertension. Ano... | A: Superior rectal vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three weeks after delivering a healthy boy, a 28-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, comes to the physician for a postpartum check-up. Labor and delivery were uncomplicated. Two days after delivery she was diagnosed with postpartum endometritis and received intravenous clindamycin plus gentamicin for 2 days. She had p... | C: Progestin-only contraceptive pills |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 83-year-old man is being seen in the hospital for confusion. The patient was admitted 4 days ago for pneumonia. He has been improving on ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Then 2 nights ago he had an episode of confusion. He was unsure where he was and attempted to leave. He was calmed down by nurses with redirection. ... | A: Haloperidol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman presents to her physician with foot tingling, numbness, and pain. She describes her pain as constant and burning and gives it 5 out of 10 on the visual analog pain scale. She also recalls several falls due to the numbness in her feet. She was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopat... | E: Nortriptyline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician in the month of January with a one-week history of a cough and somnolence. He developed a fever and cough and stated that his legs hurt ‘really bad’ 3–4 days prior to his symptoms. He has asthma but no other significant past medical history. He takes albuterol and his m... | B: Inactivated vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old African American infant presents to the hospital with 2 days of fever, "coke"-colored urine, and jaundice. The pregnancy was uneventful except the infant was found to have hyperbilirubinemia that was treated with phototherapy. The mother explains that she breastfeeds her child and recently was treated h... | C: Hemophilia A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 83-year-old male presents with dyspnea, orthopnea, and a chest radiograph demonstrating pulmonary edema. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure is considered. The following clinical measurements are obtained: 100 bpm heart rate, 0.2 mL O2/mL systemic blood arterial oxygen content, 0.1 mL O2/mL pulmonary arterial ... | B: 40 mL/beat |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents with an excruciatingly painful tongue lesion. He says the lesion was preceded by an intermittent headache for the past month that localized unilaterally to the left temple and occasionally radiates to the right eye. The tongue lesion onset acutely and has been present for a few days. The pa... | D: High-dose systemic corticosteroids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a wellness checkup. The patient states he has been doing well and currently has no concerns. The patient's daughter states that she feels he is abnormally fatigued and has complained of light-headedness whenever he gardens. He also admits that he fainted on... | C: Calcification of valve leaflets |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to the office complaining of leg ulcers for the past 6 months. She has a chronic history of severe rheumatoid arthritis controlled with methotrexate. She does not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes. Her vitals are normal. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. The abdomen is soft and non-ten... | B: Felty syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 10-day-old infant is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of episodes of weakness and spasms for the past 12 hours. His mother states that he has also had difficulty feeding and a weak suck. He has not had fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. He was born at 39 weeks' gestatio... | B: Clostridium tetani |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her parents, who are concerned about an abdominal swelling that they noticed 2 days ago. The family immigrated from Bangladesh to the United States recently. The mother mentions that the girl has never been as active as other children of the same age but has no medical co... | D: Extramedullary hematopoiesis due to thalassemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician with a 5-day history of abdominal pain and bloody stool. He denies having a fever and says that he has not experienced any other symptoms associated with the abdominal pain. He has no past medical history and does not take any medications or supplements. His family histo... | A: 5 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man comes to the physician because of pain, tingling, and numbness in his right hand that started 3 months ago. It is worse at night and frequently wakes him up. The symptoms can be relieved by shaking his hands but soon recur. He reports weakness of his right hand, especially when grasping objects. He ... | C: Nerve conduction studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and decreased urinary frequency for 6 months. His pulse is 86/min and blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg. Examination shows 1+ edema on bilateral ankles. His serum creatinine is 2 mg/dL and blood urea nitrogen is 28 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows proteinuria. A photomi... | C: Chronic hyperglycemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She has no personal or family history of serious illness. She smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 5 years during her 20s. Her pulse is 70/min, and blood pressure is 120/78 mm Hg. Serum lipid studies and glucose concentration ... | B: Perform colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department when he discovered a large volume of blood in his stool. He states that he was going to the bathroom when he saw a large amount of bright red blood in the toilet bowl. He was surprised because he did not feel pain and felt it was a normal bowel movement. The pati... | B: IV fluids and NPO |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A popular news outlet recently published an article that discussed the size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles: type A and type B. Type B is thought to be more harmful to arterial walls. A group of researchers wants to determine whether patients who have an elevated level of type B LDL cholesterol... | E: Relative risk |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man comes to the emergency department for the evaluation of recurrent bloody diarrhea for 4 weeks. During this time, he has also had intermittent abdominal pain. His symptoms have worsened over the past 2 days and he has also had fever and several episodes of nonbloody vomiting. He was diagnosed with ul... | B: Abdominal x-ray |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 21 weeks’ gestation comes to the physician for a follow-up prenatal visit. At her previous appointment, her serum α-fetoprotein concentration was elevated. She had smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 3 years but quit at 6 weeks' gestation. Examination shows a uterus consis... | D: Gastroschisis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 10 month-old boy to the pediatrician for a check-up. His birth was without complications and his development to-date has been progressing normally. He currently crawls, pulls himself up to standing, says 'mama' and 'dada' nonspecifically, and responds when called by his name. However, his mother i... | A: Education and reassurance of the mother |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q: An outbreak of diphtheria has occurred for the third time in a decade in a small village in South Africa. Diphtheria is endemic to the area with many healthy villagers colonized with different bacterial strains. Vaccine distribution in this area is difficult due to treacherous terrain. A team of doctors is sent to t... | C: Lysogenic conversion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man presents to the emergency department for severe abdominal pain. His pain is located in the epigastric region of his abdomen, which he describes as sharp and persistent. His symptoms began approximately 2 days prior to presentation, and he has tried acetaminophen and ibuprofen, which did not improve ... | C: Lorazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old African American man presents to his primary care physician a few months after being found to have a blood pressure of 152/95 mmHg. The patient denies any current symptoms, having any past medical history, or prior hospitalizations. He does not take any medications but takes one multivitamin daily. His ... | A: Hypercalcemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with heavy drooling. The patient was being watched by his babysitter when she found him in this manner. His temperature is 99.1°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 107/58 mmHg, pulse is 119/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physic... | B: Caustic ingestion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of shortness of breath and confusion. His pulse is 98/min, and blood pressure is 109/73 mm Hg. He is oriented to person but not time or place. A graph of his breathing pattern and oxygen saturation is shown. Which of the following additional findings is... | A: Ventricular gallop |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient in the neonatal intensive care unit develops severe cyanosis. Cardiac exam reveals a single loud S2 with a right ventricular heave. Echocardiography reveals an aorta lying anterior and right of the pulmonary artery. Which of the following processes failed during fetal development?? {'A': 'Fusion of the memb... | B: Aorticopulmonary septum to spiral |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department late at night by his worried mother. She says he has not been feeling well since this morning after breakfast. He skipped both lunch and dinner. He complains of abdominal pain as he points towards his lower abdomen but says that the pain initially started at th... | A: Teniae coli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman is followed in the nephrology clinic for longstanding chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to uncontrolled hypertension. Her glomerular filtration rate (GFR) continues to decline, and she is approaching initiation of hemodialysis. Plans are made to obtain vascular access at the appropriate time,... | D: Cardiovascular disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman is brought to her primary care physician by her sister who is concerned about a deterioration in the patient’s general status. The patient was diagnosed with HIV 7 years ago. She says that her last T cell count was "good enough", so she has been been skipping every other dose of her antiretroviral... | C: John Cunningham virus (JC virus) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old forest landscape specialist is brought to the emergency department with hematemesis and confusion. One week ago, she was diagnosed with influenza when she had fevers, severe headaches, myalgias, hip and shoulder pain, and a maculopapular rash. After a day of relative remission, she developed abdominal p... | A: Ebola virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old child is sent to the school psychologist in May because he refuses to comply with the class rules. His teacher says this has been going on since school started back in August. He gets upset at the teacher regularly when he is told to complete a homework assignment in class. Sometimes he refuses to compl... | C: Cognitive-behavioral therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for the evaluation of an episode of loss of consciousness while he was playing soccer earlier that morning. He was unconscious for about 15 seconds and did not shake, bite his tongue, or lose bowel or bladder control. He has been healthy except for 1 episode... | A: Propranolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of painful swelling in his right knee that started after he collided with another player during a soccer game. He has no history of serious illness except for an episode of prolonged bleeding following a tooth extraction a few months ago. P... | C: Thrombin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents with dysphagia. She says the dysphagia is worse for solids than liquids and is progressive. She also complains of associated weakness, fatigue, and dyspnea. The patient denies any recent history of weight loss. Laboratory findings are significant for a hemoglobin of 8.7 g/dL. A peripheral... | C: Upper esophageal web |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 1-month history of fever, headaches, and profound fatigue. Her temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F). Examination shows splenomegaly. Laboratory studies show: Leukocyte count 13,000/mm3 (15% atypical lymphocytes) Serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 60 U/L Asparta... | E: Linear ulcers near the lower esophageal sphincter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old African American woman presents to her primary care physician for a wellness checkup. She states that she has lost 20 pounds over the past 2 months yet has experienced an increased appetite during this period. She endorses hyperhidrosis and increased urinary volume and frequency. Physical exam is notabl... | C: Hyperthyroidism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting for 4 days. Her temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 100/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Arterial blood gas analysis on room air shows: pH... | C: Urine chloride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of low-grade fever and progressive painful lumps in his right groin for 6 days. The lumps have been discharging purulent fluid since the evening of the previous day. He had a shallow, painless lesion on his penis 3 weeks ago, but was too embarrassed to seek medical att... | E: Chlamydia trachomatis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of persistent headaches for the last 2 months. The symptoms started insidiously. Menses had previously occurred at regular 28-day intervals with moderate flow. Her last menstrual period was 12 weeks ago. She is sexually active with her husband but reports ... | A: Cabergoline therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man presents to his primary care physician after 2 episodes of dizziness while watching television. On further questioning, he admits to progressive fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion for the past few weeks. His medical history is significant for hypertension for the past 25 years and congestiv... | D: Check the patient's medication profile |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasingly frequent episodes of double vision for 2 days. She was seen in the emergency department for an episode of imbalance and decreased sensation in her right arm 3 months ago. Examination shows impaired adduction of the right eye with left lateral gaze but... | E: Demyelination with partial preservation of axons " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by police after being found naked outside a government building. She is accompanied by her husband who reports that she has been having “crazy” ideas. The patient’s speech is pressured and she switches topics quickly from how she is going to be president one ... | C: Indomethacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old Caucasian woman visits her primary care physician for an annual check-up. She has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 3A chronic kidney disease. Her estimated glomerular filtration rate has not changed since her last visit. Today, her parathyroid levels are moderately elevated. She lives at ... | A: Phosphate retention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents with a severe headache and neck pain for the past 60 minutes. She says the headache was severe and onset suddenly like a ‘thunderclap’. She reports associated nausea, vomiting, neck pain, and stiffness. She denies any recent head trauma, loss of consciousness, visual disturbances, or foca... | E: Labetalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old primigravida presents to her physician’s office at 35 weeks gestation with new onset lower leg edema. The course of her pregnancy was uneventful up to the time of presentation and she has been compliant with the recommended prenatal care. She reports a 4 pack-year history of smoking prior to her pregnan... | C: Primigravida |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old African American woman presents to her primary care doctor complaining of muscle aches and weakness. She reports a 3 month history of gradually worsening upper and lower extremity pain. She is having trouble keeping up with her children and feels tired for most of the day. A review of systems reveals mi... | C: Increased PTH, decreased phosphate, and increased calcium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl presents to her pediatrician with complaints of repeated jerking of her neck for the past 2 years. Initially, her parents considered it a sign of discomfort in her neck, but later they noticed that the jerking was more frequent when she was under emotional stress or when she was fatigued. The patie... | A: History of repeated bouts of unprovoked obscene speech over the past year |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The division chief of general internal medicine at an academic medical center is interested in reducing 30-day readmissions for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in elderly patients. Her research team decided to follow 587 patients over the age of 65 who have recently been admitted to the hospital for DKA for a 30-day peri... | E: Dose-response relationship |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man is brought from a nursing home to the emergency room for progressive confusion. The patient has a history of stroke 3 years ago, which rendered him wheelchair-bound. He was recently started on clozapine for schizothymia disorder. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 38.7°C (101.66°F), a blood pressur... | C: Seizures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old male presents to the emergency department with nasal congestion and sore throat. He also endorses ten days of fatigue, rhinorrhea and cough, which he reports are getting worse. For the last four days, he has also had facial pain and thicker nasal drainage. The patient’s past medical history includes obe... | E: Viral infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe respiratory distress. He was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer 6 months ago and underwent 2 rounds of chemotherapy. He says that he has had a cough and flu-like symptoms for the past week. During the interview, he is having progressive diffi... | C: Intubate and administer intravenous antibiotics. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to clinic complaining of pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding for the past 2 years. The patient reports that her last menstrual period was 1 week ago and she soaked through 1 tampon every 1-2 hours during that time. She does not take any medications and denies alcohol and cigarette us... | D: Myomectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle accident. His car was rear-ended by a drunk driver while he was stopped at a traffic light. At the scene, he was noted to have multiple small lacerations over his upper extremities from broken glass. He has otherwise been heal... | B: Codocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of worsening fatigue. She has difficulty concentrating at work despite sleeping well most nights. Three years ago, she was diagnosed with Crohn disease. She has about 7 non-bloody, mildly painful bowel movements daily. Her current medications inc... | A: Oral prednisone therapy |
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