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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She feels well. She has a history of seizures controlled with levetiracetam. She has needed glasses for the past 13 years. Her father died of pancreatic cancer. She is 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) tall and weighs 79 kg (174 lbs); BMI is 25... | D: Coronary artery disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents to his physician with the complaint of bilateral lower back pain. The pain is 5/10, constant, aching, aggravated by bending forward and lying supine, and is alleviated by resting in a neutral position. The pain appeared 3 days ago after the patient overstrained at the gym. He does not repor... | C: Maintaining usual activity as tolerated |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy comes to the physician with a 4-day history of sore throat and mild fever. He is on the varsity soccer team at his high school, but has been unable to go to practice for the last few days because he has been very tired and is easily exhausted. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medica... | A: Write a medical note that excuses from soccer events |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of watery diarrhea for the last 3 weeks. She reports now having over 10 bowel movements per day. She denies abdominal pain or rash. A basic metabolic profile is notable for the following: Na: 127 mEq/L; K 2.1 mEq/L; Glucose 98 mg/dL. Following add... | A: VIPoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because she has not attained menarche. She has no history of serious illness. She is at 50th percentile for height and weight. Examination shows no breast glandular tissue and no pubic hair development. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalitie... | D: Serum FSH level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old Caucasian male presents to your office with an 8 mm dark lesion on his back. The lesion, as seen below, has irregular borders and marked internal color variation. Upon excisional biopsy, the presence of which of the following would best estimate the risk of metastasis in this patient’s lesion:? {'A': 'P... | C: Vertical tumor growth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old child is brought to a pediatric clinic by his mother for a rash that started a few days ago. The mother adds that her son has also had a fever and sore throat since last week. His immunizations are up to date. On examination, a rash is present over the trunk and upper extremities and feels like sandpaper... | C: Molecular mimicry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man with unknown medical history is found down on a subway platform and is brought to the hospital by ambulance. He experiences two episodes of emesis en route. In the emergency department, he appears confused and is complaining of abdominal pain. His temperature is 37.0° C (98.6° F), pulse is 94/min, b... | D: Intravenous potassium chloride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A physiologist is studying various mediators that modulate coronary circulation. He is particularly looking at mediators that are activated via the clotting cascade, primarily activated factor XII. He finds that when the clotting cascade starts, it leads to the activation of factor XII, which in turn activates the en... | D: Kininogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man presents with gradually increasing shortness of breath. For the last 2 years, he has had a productive cough on most days. Past medical history is significant for hypertension and a recent admission to the hospital for pneumonia. He uses a triamcinolone inhaler and uses an albuterol inhaler as a resc... | D: Inflamed bronchus with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucous glands |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for presurgical evaluation before undergoing splenectomy. One year ago, he was diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis and has received 6 blood transfusions for severe anemia since then. His only medication is a folate supplement. Immunizations are up-to-date. His temperat... | C: Daily penicillin prophylaxis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents with a history of recurrent bacterial infections, including several episodes of pneumococcal sepsis. His 2 maternal uncles died after having had similar complaints. Lab investigations reveal an undetectable level of all serum immunoglobulins. Which of the following is the most likely diagnos... | D: Bruton agammaglobulinemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of abdominal pain. The pain started four days ago and is now a diffuse crampy pain with an intensity of 6/10. The patient has nausea and has vomited twice today. His last bowel movement was three days ago. He has a history of hypertension and rec... | D: Nasogastric tube placement and bowel rest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a painful rash for 2 days. The rash initially appeared on his left lower abdomen and has spread to the rest of the abdomen and left upper thigh over the last 24 hours. Pain is exacerbated with movement. He initially thought the skin rash was an allergic r... | D: Inpatient treatment with intravenous acyclovir |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man with seizure disorder is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend after falling while climbing a building. The girlfriend reports that he was started on a new medication for treatment of depressed mood, low energy, and difficulty sleeping 2 weeks ago by his physician. She says that he h... | D: Venlafaxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after collapsing while playing basketball. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. On arrival, there is no palpable pulse and no respiratory effort is seen. He is declared dead. The family agrees to an autopsy. Which of the followi... | D: Interventricular septal hypertrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening lower back pain for 6 weeks. He reports that the pain is most intense with movement and that it sometimes occurs at night. Over the past 3 months, he has noticed a weakened urinary stream. He has not seen any blood in his urine. His only daily medication i... | A: Malignancy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a wellness checkup. The patient states that she currently feels well and has no complaints. She has failed multiple times at attempting to quit smoking and has a 40 pack-year smoking history. She drinks 4 alcoholic beverages every night. The patient is cu... | A: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 73-year-old man comes to the physician at his wife's insistence because of a skin lesion on his back. He lives with his wife and works for a high-profile law firm where he represents several major clients. Physical examination shows a 7-mm, brownish-black papule with irregular borders. When the d... | E: """I would like to know more about why you don't want to hear your test results.""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He feels well. He has hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He takes medium-dose simvastatin and metformin. Four months ago, fasting serum studies showed a LDL-cholesterol of 136 mg/dL and his medications were adjusted. Vital signs are withi... | A: Discontinue simvastatin, start pravastatin in 3 weeks |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl presents with four days of malaise, painful joints, nodular swelling over her elbows, low-grade fever, and a rash on her chest and left shoulder. Two weeks ago, she complained of a sore throat that gradually improved but was not worked up. She was seen for a follow-up approximately one week later. ... | A: Penicillin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her parents who are concerned that she is not developing normally. They say she does not talk and avoids eye contact. She prefers to sit and play with blocks by herself rather than engaging with other children. They also note that she will occasionally have violent ... | A: Autism spectrum disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old man—a retired physics professor—presents with progressive difficulty walking. He has bilateral knee osteoarthritis and has used a walker for the past several years. For the past 6 months, he has experienced problems walking and maintaining balance and has been wheelchair-bound. He has fallen several ti... | E: Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for muscle pain and weakness. He says that his muscle pain mainly affects his legs. He also experiences difficulty with chewing gum and has poor finger dexterity. Medical history is significant for infertility and cataracts. On physical exam, the patient's face... | A: DMPK gene CTG expansion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the pediatric clinic because of a sore throat of 1-week duration. He also has a cough and fever. He has pain when swallowing and sometimes water regurgitates from his nose when drinking. He was diagnosed with acute tonsillitis by his primary care physician 1 month ago, for which he rec... | B: Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the emergency room with chest pain. She describes the pain as a squeezing sensation in her chest with radiation to the left shoulder. The episode began about 15 minutes ago when she was sitting reading a book. She has had this pain before, typically in the evenings, though prior episodes ... | B: Diltiazem |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of progressive weakness of his lower extremities and urinary incontinence for the past 2 weeks. Over the past 2 months, he has had increasing back pain. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 88/min, and blood pressure is 106/60 mm Hg. Examination... | E: Elevated prostate-specific antigen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old African American man with a history of poorly controlled hypertension presents to the emergency room with blurry vision and dyspnea. He reports rapid-onset blurred vision and difficulty breathing 4 hours prior to presentation. He takes lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, and spironolactone but has a histor... | C: Concentrically thickened arteriolar tunica media with abundant nuclei |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pharmaceutical company is studying the effect of a novel compound that they have discovered to treat osteoporosis. They perform a randomized controlled clinical trial to study if this compound has an effect on the incidence of hip fractures among osteoporotic patients. They find that there is no statistical differe... | D: Type II error |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician because of constipation, loss of appetite, and increased urinary frequency for the past 8 weeks. She has a history of hypertension and underwent mastectomy for breast cancer 9 months ago. Her sister has hyperthyroidism and her mother died of complications from breast cancer ... | D: Zoledronic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and headache. He frequently has headaches, for which he takes aspirin, but says that this headache is more intense. His wife claims that he has also not been responding right away to her. He has a 20-year history of ... | D: Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old female comes to the ED complaining of epigastric pain and intractable nausea and vomiting for the last 24 hours. Her vitals are as follows: Temperature 38.1 C, HR 97 beats/minute, BP 90/63 mm Hg, RR 12 breaths/minute. Arterial blood gas and labs are drawn. Which of the following sets of lab values is co... | D: pH 7.51, PaCO2 50 , serum chloride 81 mEq/L, serum bicarbonate 38 mEq/L |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening shortness of breath and nocturnal cough for the past 2 weeks. On two occasions, his cough was bloody. He had a heart condition as a child that was treated with antibiotics. He emigrated to the US from Kazakhstan 15 years ago. Pulmonary examination shows cr... | C: Mitral valve stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 12-hour history of a severe headache. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. Her blood pressure at admission is 180/125 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a bruit in the epigastric region. Fundoscopy shows bilateral optic disc swelling. Which of the ... | E: CT angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A grant reviewer at the National Institutes of Health is determining which of two studies investigating the effects of gastric bypass surgery on fasting blood sugar to fund. Study A is spearheaded by a world renowned surgeon, is a multi-center study planning to enroll 50 patients at each of 5 different sites, and is ... | C: Study B, because it has a larger sample size |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents to the physician because of facial flushing and weakness for 3 months, abdominal discomfort and bloating for 6 months, and profuse watery diarrhea for 1 year. She reports that her diarrhea was episodic initially, but it has been continuous for the past 3 months. The frequency ranges from ... | C: Plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of a 4-day history of arthralgias, abdominal pain, and lesions on his arms and legs. Ten days ago, he had an upper respiratory tract infection. A photograph of one of his legs is shown. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following... | B: Hematuria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of intermittent fever, easy fatiguability, and a 4.4-kg (9.7-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor. The spleen is palpated 5 cm below the left costal margin. Laboratory studies show a leukocyte count of ... | D: Chronic myeloid leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with progressive nausea and vomiting. She reports that approximately one day prior to presentation she experienced abdominal discomfort that subsequently worsened to severe nausea, vomiting, and two episodes of watery diarrhea. She recently noticed that her vis... | D: Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose close to 1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man who lives in a beach house in Florida visits his twin brother who lives in the Rocky Mountains. They are out hiking and the visitor struggles to keep up with his brother. Which of the following adaptations is most likely present in the mountain-dwelling brother relative to his twin?? {'A': 'Decrease... | C: Decreased oxygen binding ability of hemoglobin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old G1P0000 presents to her obstetrician’s office for a routine prenatal visit at 32 weeks gestation. At this visit, she feels well and has no complaints. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated, aside from her Rh negative status, for which she received Rhogam at 28 weeks gestation. The patient has a past medi... | A: Expectant management |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man with a past medical history significant for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents with complaints of nausea and abdominal pain for the past month. The pain is located in the epigastric region and is described as “burning” in quality, often following food i... | B: Erythromycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen in different clinical settings. An illustration of an oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is shown. Curve A shows the test results of one of the research participants and curve B shows a normal oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Which of the follow... | E: Polycythemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old obese woman presents with a severe right-sided frontotemporal headache that started 2 days ago. There is no improvement with over-the-counter pain medications. Yesterday, the pain was so intense that she stayed in bed all day in a dark, quiet room instead of going to work. This morning she decided to co... | D: Amitriptyline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In a community of 5,000 people, 40 people from 40 different households develop an infection with a new strain of influenza virus with an incubation period of 7 days. The total number of people in these households is 150. Ten days later, 90 new cases of the same disease are reported from these same households. Twenty-... | C: (90/110) × 100 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by campus police for bizarre behavior. She was arrested while trying to break into her university's supercomputer center and was found crying and claiming she needs access to the high-powered processors immediately. Her boyfriend arrived at the hospital and r... | D: Sertraline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You would like to conduct a study investigating potential risk factors that predispose patients to develop cirrhosis. Using a registry of admitted patients over the last 10 years at your local hospital, you isolate all patients who have been diagnosed with cirrhosis. Subsequently, you contact this group of patients, ... | C: Case-control study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old female presents to general medical clinic with the report of a rape on her college campus. The patient was visiting a local fraternity, and after having a few drinks, awakened to find another student having intercourse with her. Aside from the risk of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infec... | C: Suicidality |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man complains of ascending weakness, palpitations, and abdominal pain. He has a history of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. He denies any recent infection. Physical examination is notable for decreased motor strength in both h... | D: Peaked T-waves and shortened QT interval |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:After learning in a lecture that cesarean section rates vary from < 0.5% to over 30% across countries, a medical student wants to investigate if national cesarean section rates correlate with national maternal mortality rates worldwide. For his investigation, the student obtains population data from an international ... | D: Ecological study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents to the fertility clinic with her husband for infertility workup. The patient reports that they have been having unprotected intercourse for 14 months without any successful pregnancy. She is G1P1, with 1 child from a previous marriage. Her menstrual cycle is regular and without pain. Phys... | C: Elevated aromatase levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 10-day history of episodic retrosternal pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations. The episodes occur when he climbs stairs or tries to walk briskly on his treadmill. The symptoms resolve when he stops walking. The previous evening he felt dizzy and weak during ... | A: Increased left ventricular oxygen demand |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old male is rushed to the emergency department (ED) for what he believes is his second myocardial infarction (MI). His medical history is significant for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a prior MI at the age of 58. After receiving aspirin, morphine, and face mask oxygen in the field,... | B: Metoprolol, because it is a selective ß1 > ß2 blocker |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to a primary care clinic for a physical evaluation. She works as a software engineer, travels frequently, is married with 2 kids, and drinks alcohol occasionally. She does not exercise regularly. She currently does not take any medications except for occasional ibuprofen or acetaminophen.... | B: Body mass index |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 8-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother and father due to decreasing activity and excessive sleepiness. The patient was born at full-term in the hospital with no complications. The patient's parents appear incredibly worried as their son has had no medical issues in the past. They show ... | A: Child abuse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of generalized itching and worsening fatigue. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. She takes eye drops for dry eyes. She occasionally takes acetaminophen for recurrent headaches. She drinks one alcoholic beverage daily. Vita... | B: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man presents to the physician with difficulty breathing for the last 2 months. He denies any cough, fever, or chest pain. His past medical history is significant for hypertension for which he takes chlorothiazide. He has worked in the construction industry, applying insulation to roofs for over 20 years... | E: Pulmonary fibrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy presents to an urgent care clinic complaining of a runny nose that has lasted for a few weeks. He also reports sneezing attacks that last up to an hour, nasal obstruction, and generalized itching. He has similar episodes each year during the springtime that prevent him from going out with his friend... | B: Atopic dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old G2P1 undergoes labor induction at 40 weeks gestation. The estimated fetal weight was 3890 g. The pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes treated with insulin. The vital signs were as follows: blood pressure 125/80 mm Hg, heart rate 91/min, respiratory rate 21/min, and temperature 36.8℃ (98.2℉)... | A: 5% dextrose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his partner for 24 hours of fever, severe headache, and neck stiffness. His companion also comments that he has been vomiting several times in the past 8 hours and looks confused. His personal medical history is unremarkable. Upon examination, his blood pres... | B: Prophylaxis with rifampin for close contacts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old male presents to a clinic for routine follow-up. He was diagnosed with hepatitis B several months ago. He does not have any complaints about his health, except for poor appetite. The general physical examination is normal. The laboratory investigation reveals mildly elevated aminotransferases. Which of ... | C: HbsAg +, Anti-HbsAg -, Anti-HbcAg IgM -, Anti-HbcAg IgG +, HbeAg +, Anti-HbeAg - |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician with involuntary lip smacking and hand and leg movements for the past two weeks. The movements are causing him difficulty walking and functioning at work. He has bipolar disorder treated with fluphenazine. Three months ago, he was hospitalized because of a manic episode, and h... | D: Weaker dopamine antagonism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old-woman presents to the emergency room with complaints of fever and abdominal pain. Her blood pressure is 130/74 mmHg, pulse is 98/min, temperature is 101.5°F (38.6°C), and respirations are 23/min. The patient reports that she had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy 4 days ago but has otherwise been healthy. S... | E: Wound infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl comes to the physician because she is worried about gaining weight. She reports that at least twice a week, she eats excessive amounts of food but feels ashamed about losing control soon after. She is very active in her high school's tennis team and goes running daily to lose weight. She has a hist... | C: Bulimia nervosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of severe pain in her face. She states that over the past week she has experienced episodic and intense pain in her face that comes on suddenly and resolves on its own. She states she feels the pain over her cheek and near her eye. The pa... | B: Carbamazepine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to his family physician for a follow-up appointment. He is currently using a 3-drug regimen consisting of metformin, sitagliptin, and glipizide. Despite this therapeutic regimen, his most recent hemoglobin A1c level is 8.1%. Which of the following is the next b... | A: Discontinue glipizide; initiate insulin glargine 10 units at bedtime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman has been trying to conceive with her 37-year-old husband for the past 4 years. After repeated visits to a fertility clinic, she finally gets pregnant. Although she missed most of her antenatal visits, her pregnancy was uneventful. A baby girl is born at the 38th week of gestation with some abnorma... | A: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old gentleman with hypertension is started on a new diuretic medication by his primary care physician because of poor blood pressure control on his previous regimen. Before starting, he is warned by his physician that the new medication may have side effects including hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Fu... | C: NCC inhibitor in distal tubule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to the outpatient department complaining of a rash similar to the ones in the image. The skin lesions have been present for about 2 weeks. It is present in the buttocks and both inferior limbs. There is no association of skin lesions with exposure to sunlight or medication use. The patient ... | E: Virus-induced clonal expansion of autoreactive B lymphocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever, progressive weakness, and cough for the past five days. He experienced a similar episode 2 months ago, for which he was hospitalized for 10 days while visiting his son in Russia. He states that he has never fully recovered from that episode. H... | E: Outpouching of the hypopharynx " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Benzodiazepines are clinically useful because of their inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. Which of the following correctly pairs the site of action of benzodiazepines with the molecular mechanism by which a they exerts their effects?? {'A': 'GABA-A receptors; blocking action of GABA', 'B': 'GABA-B rece... | E: GABA-A receptors; increasing the frequency of activation of a chloride ion channel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old male with diabetes mellitus type II presents for a routine check-up. His blood glucose levels have been inconsistently controlled with medications and diet since his diagnosis 3 years ago. At this current visit, urinalysis demonstrates albumin levels of 250 mg/day. All prior urinalyses have shown albumi... | C: Glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of fatigue, facial rash, hair loss, and tingling of his hands and feet. He has followed a vegetarian diet for the past 3 years and has eaten 8 raw egg whites daily for the past year in preparation for a bodybuilding competition. Physical examination shows conjun... | E: Oxaloacetate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A full-term and healthy infant girl presents to the office for a newborn visit. The baby was born at 40 weeks to a 35-year-old G2P1 mother via cesarean section for breech presentation. She had an unremarkable delivery and hospital course, but family history is significant for a sister with developmental dysplasia of ... | B: Hip ultrasound at 6 weeks of age |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man comes to the emergency department for evaluation of burning with urination and purulent urethral discharge for the past 3 days. He is sexually active with multiple female partners. Several months ago he was diagnosed with urethritis caused by gram-negative diplococci and received antibiotic treatmen... | E: Variation of expressed pilus proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 5-hour history of diffuse, severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She reports that there is no blood or bile in the vomitus. Two weeks ago, she started having mild aching epigastric pain, which improved with eating. Since then, she has gained 1.... | A: Perforated peptic ulcer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old-woman presents to an urgent care clinic with right upper quadrant pain for the past few hours. She admits to having similar episodes of pain in the past but milder than today. Past medical history is insignificant. She took an antacid, but it did not help. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F ), respirations... | E: No further treatment required |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to your office with a chief complaint of constipation and many other perturbing minor medical concerns. He reports tiring easily, which he attributes to old age and years of persistent pain in his back and ribs. A complete blood count shows low hemoglobin and elevated serum creatinine. A pe... | D: Bence-Jones proteins in the urine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl presents with episodes of sharp pain in her left upper limb. She says her symptoms gradually onset a few months ago and have progressively worsened. She describes her pain as severe and feeling like “someone stabbing me in my arm and then the pain moves down to my hand”. She says the pain is worse ... | D: Numbness over her left little finger |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents with worsening joint pain and stiffness. Past medical history is significant for rheumatoid arthritis, diagnosed 3 months ago and managed with celecoxib and methotrexate, and occasional gastric reflux, managed with omeprazole. His vitals are a pulse of 80/min, a respiratory rate of 16/min, ... | A: Tuberculosis screening |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old male comes to the physician’s office for a routine check-up. He complains of increased lower extremity swelling, inability to climb the one flight of stairs in his home, and waking up in the middle of the night 2-3 times gasping for breath. He has had to increase the number of pillows on which he sleeps... | E: Digoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman comes to the physician because of lower back pain that began suddenly 2 weeks ago after getting up from her chair. She has hypertension, chronic bilateral knee pain, and a history of breast cancer 15 years ago that was treated with lumpectomy. Her mother has rheumatoid arthritis. Medications inclu... | D: Paget disease of bone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought in to his pediatrician by his mother because of several days of fever, irritability, and ear pain. His mother says that she was particularly concerned about his complaints of difficulty hearing and dizziness. Physical exam reveals a bulging tympanic membrane. As the pediatrician does the e... | B: Mylohyoid muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of right-sided blurry vision and eye pain for 4 days. She has a 6-day history of low-grade fever, headache, and malaise. One year ago, she was diagnosed with Crohn disease. Her only medication is prednisone. Her temperature is 38°C (100.4°F), pulse is 84/min, and blo... | C: Herpes zoster keratitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pathologist examines a tissue specimen in which cells are grouped together in acini with visible ducts between them. He finds a patch of pale cells with a rich blood supply among the highly basophilic and granular cells. A representative micrograph is shown in the image. Which statement is correct about these cells... | D: There are several different types of cells within the patch that cannot be differentiated by light microscopy. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with prominent hypotension and tachycardia. On examination, she has a low central venous pressure and high cardiac output. Her temperature is 38.9°C (102.0°F). The physician suspects a bacterial infection with a gram-negative bacterium. Samples are sent to the ... | C: Vitamin B3 (niacin) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A public health researcher is invited to participate in a government meeting on immunization policies. Other participants in the meeting include physicians, pediatricians, representatives of vaccine manufacturers, persons from the health ministry, etc. For a specific viral disease, there are 2 vaccines - one is a liv... | D: LAV requires stricter requirements for cold chain maintenance as compared to a subunit vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a decline in his hearing that he noticed over the past week. The patient has a past medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and was recently diagnosed with bladder cancer which is currently appropriately being treated. The patient is a hunter ... | A: Medication regimen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department by ambulance after being found on the floor gasping for air with severe shortness of breath by his partner. Past medical history is significant for congestive heart failure, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He normally takes chlorthalidone, atorvastatin, metopr... | D: ↑ Plasma renin and angiotensin II activity, ↓ blood pressure, ↓ renal perfusion pressure, ↑ serum pH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency room following a stab wound to the back. He was in a bar when he got into an argument with another man who proceeded to stab him slightly right of the midline of his back. He is otherwise healthy and does not take any medications. He has one previous admission to the hospit... | D: Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis at the level of the lesion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department with 1-month of progressive dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, and inability to sleep flat on his back. He says that he been getting increasingly short of breath over the past few years; however, he attributed these changes to getting older. He started becomi... | E: Vitamin B1 deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist as part of her follow-up for her abnormal pap test a year ago. She has a normal menstrual cycle and has never been pregnant. She does not take oral contraceptive pills, as she is sexually inactive. She denies the use of any illicit drugs. Conventional cytology from her... | D: Dysplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents with unremitting diarrhea that has lasted for 2 weeks. He describes his bowel movements as watery, non-bloody, foul-smelling, and greasy. He also has cramping abdominal pain associated with the diarrhea. He says that his symptoms started right after he returned from a father-son camping tri... | D: Giardia lamblia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with swelling of her face and abdominal pain. She states she was outside doing yard work when her symptoms began. The patient has a past medical history of recently diagnosed diabetes and hypertension. Her current medications include lisinopril, metformin, and ... | C: Danazol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of watery diarrhea and episodic crampy abdominal pain. He has no fever, nausea, or vomiting. Over the past 6 months, he has had a 1.8-kg (4-lb) weight loss, despite experiencing no decrease in appetite. His wife has noticed that sometimes his face ... | D: Dementia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of crushing chest pain, nausea, and vomiting for the past 2 hours. The pain is constant and radiates to his left shoulder. Over the past year, he has been admitted to the hospital twice for deep vein thrombosis. He has a history of learni... | B: Downward lens subluxation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old Caucasian male presents with a temperature of 38°C. During the physical exam, the patient complains of pain when his femur is palpated. The patient's parents state that the fever started a few days after they noticed a honey-colored crusting on the left upper lip of the child's face. Culture of the bacte... | A: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman complains of chronic cough for the past 3 weeks. She was recently diagnosed with hypertension and placed on an angiotensin receptor blocker therapy (ARBs). Chest X-ray shows large nodular densities bilaterally. Bronchial biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation of the pulmonary artery. Lab investi... | E: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and dizziness over the past 4 months. These episodes are accompanied by intense fear of “losing control” over himself. Most of the episodes have occurred at work in situations when it wou... | C: Depressed mood and feeling of guilt |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath and left-sided chest pain for a week. She says that her breathlessness is getting worse, and the chest pain is especially severe when she takes a deep breath. The patient denies any similar symptoms in the past. Her past medical history is insignificant except for... | A: With the patient in the sitting position, below the tip of the scapula midway between the spine and the posterior axillary line on the superior margin of the eighth rib |
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