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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old Caucasian male is brought to his pediatrician by his parents, who note the development of a tremor in their child. Urine and serum analysis reveal elevated levels of copper. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the physician most expect to see in this patient?? {'A': 'Diabetes mellitus',... | B: Kaiser-Fleischer rings |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his son after collapsing to the ground while at home. His son immediately performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and later the patient underwent successful defibrillation after being evaluated by the emergency medical technician. The patient has a medical h... | D: Caudal medulla |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman comes to the emergency department 1 hour after her husband saw her faint shortly after getting out of bed from a nap. She regained consciousness within 30 seconds and was fully alert and oriented. She has had 2 similar episodes in the last 5 years, once while standing in line at the grocery store ... | B: Autonomic dysfunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old executive travels frequently around the world. He often has difficulty falling asleep at night when he returns home. You suspect a circadian rhythm disorder is responsible for his pathology. Which of the following regulates the circadian rhythm?? {'A': 'Anterior hypothalamus', 'B': 'Posterior hypothalam... | E: Suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old male presents to his pediatrician concerned that he is not maturing like his friends. He has a history of cleft palate status-post multiple surgeries and asthma treated with budesonide and albuterol. He is a good student and is very active on his school’s gymnastics team. His mother is also concerned th... | A: Decreased testosterone, decreased FSH, decreased LH, decreased GnRH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old primigravid woman at 10 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. Pregnancy was confirmed by an ultrasound 3 weeks earlier after the patient presented with severe nausea and vomiting. The nausea and vomiting have subsided without medication. She has no vaginal bleeding or discharge. ... | B: Misoprostol therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man is brought to the emergency department when he was found obtunded at the homeless shelter. The patient is currently not responsive and smells of alcohol. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol use, IV drug use, and hepatitis C. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 95/65 mmH... | C: Liver failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after spontaneous delivery, a 23-year-old woman has progressively worsening, throbbing pain in the back of her head. The pain radiates to the neck and shoulder area. The patient is nauseous and had one episode of clear emesis. She wants to be in a dark and quiet room. The patient's symptoms are exacerbated w... | E: Epidural blood injection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to the emergency department with persistent cough. The patient states that for the past week he has been coughing. He also states that he has seen blood in his sputum and experienced shortness of breath. On review of systems, the patient endorses fever and chills as well as joint pain. His ... | C: Type IV collagen antibody levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, irritability, malaise, and left knee pain for 4 days. Four days ago, he fell off his bike and scraped his elbow. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.4°F). The patient walks with a limp. Examination shows swelling and point tendern... | C: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of difficulty maintaining her balance while walking. Her husband comes along to the appointment with her, because he feels that she has not been acting herself at home lately. After further questioning him, it is noted that she has recently been v... | C: Dilated ventricles; ventricular shunt |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance. He feels well. His blood pressure is 155/60 mm Hg. Physical exam shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a glucose concentration of 150 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1c concentration of 9%. Treatment with lisino... | D: ↓ ↑ ↓ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3629-g (8-lb) newborn is examined shortly after spontaneous vaginal delivery. She was delivered at 40 weeks' gestation and pregnancy was uncomplicated. Her mother is concerned because she is not moving her left arm as much as her right arm. Physical examination shows her left arm to be adducted and internally rotat... | A: Upper trunk |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to the office complaining of bilateral joint pain and stiffness in her hand joints for the past 3 months. She reports increasing difficulty holding a coffee cup or pen due to stiffness, especially in the morning. Over-the-counter ibuprofen partially relieves her symptoms. Past medical his... | B: Osteoporosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician for a preoperative examination before undergoing a planned elective cholecystectomy. She has a history of myasthenia gravis, for which she takes oral pyridostigmine. She has had occasional episodes of muscle weakness, blurred vision, and slurred speech recently. Physical exa... | B: Increase the dose of pyridostigmine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain. She states that she was eating dinner when she suddenly felt abdominal pain and nausea. The pain did not improve after 30 minutes, so her husband brought her in. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes that is well-treated with e... | E: NPO, IV fluids, analgesics, antibiotics, cholescystecomy within 72 hours |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 56-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-year history of recurrent upper abdominal pain and fullness that worsens after meals. Urea breath test is positive. An endoscopy shows diffuse mucosal atrophy and patchy erythema, but no ulcer. A biopsy from which of the following areas is most likel... | C: Gastric antrum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:To study the flow of blood in the systemic circulation, partially occlusive stents are placed in the pulmonary trunk of a physiological system while the pressure in the right atrium is monitored. A graph where the right atrial pressure is a function of venous return is plotted. Assuming all circulatory nerve reflexes... | C: Point III |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency room with severe upper abdominal pain. His symptoms started 2 days prior to presentation and have progressed rapidly. He has been seen in the emergency room 3 times in the past year for acute alcohol intoxication. His past medical history is notable for multiple deep venous... | B: Hepatic vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old African American male presents to his family physician for “spots” on his foot. Yesterday, he noticed brown spots on his foot that have a whitish rim around them. The skin lesions are not painful, but he got particularly concerned when he found similar lesions on his penis that appear wet. He recalls ha... | B: HLA B27 allele |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old pregnant female presents for a prenatal check-up at 20 weeks gestation, which includes routine screening ultrasound. Fetal ultrasound demonstrates bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys. Her pregnancy has been complicated by persistent oligohydramnios. The child requires significant pulmonary support ... | D: Clubbed feet |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the hospital for evaluation, he is accompanied by agents from child protective services after he was rescued from a home where he was being neglected. He was found locked in a closet and says that he was fed only once every 2 days for the past month. On presentation, he is found to be e... | B: Has high affinity for glucose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of vaginal discharge for 4 days. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. Twelve months ago, she was diagnosed with trichomoniasis, for which she and her partner were treated with a course of an antimicrobial. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they ... | A: Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents to the physician for a routine physical examination. She has type 2 diabetes that she treats with metformin. Her pulse is 85/min, respiratory rate is 15/min, blood pressure is 162/96 mm Hg, and temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F). Treatment with a first-line drug is initiated. Which of the fol... | A: A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of numbness and burning sensation in his feet that is worse at rest. He has not been seen by a physician in several years. He is 178 cm (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighs 118 kg (260 lb); BMI is 37.3 kg/m2. Physical examination shows decreased sensation ... | A: Accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman who works as a chef is brought to the hospital for evaluation of burns sustained in a kitchen accident. Physical examination reveals 3rd-degree burns over the anterior surface of the right thigh and the lower limbs, which involve approx. 11% of the total body surface area (TBSA). The skin in the b... | B: Early excision and split-thickness skin grafting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy with a past medical history significant only for prior head lice infection presents to the clinic after being sent by the school nurse for a repeat lice infection. The boy endorses an itchy scalp, but a review of systems is otherwise negative. After confirming the child’s diagnosis and sending him ho... | C: Treatment of household members with topical ivermectin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman at 6 weeks gestation seeks evaluation at a local walk-in clinic because she has noticed a clear, sticky discharge from her right nipple for the past 1 week. The discharge leaves a pink stain on her bra. She does not have pain in her breasts and denies changes in skin color or nipple shape. The pas... | C: Papilloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, comes to the physician because her left breast has become larger, hot, and itchy over the past 2 months. The patient felt a small lump in her left breast 1 year ago but did not seek medical attention at that time. She has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Menarche was at the age... | E: Inflammatory breast cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after an episode of violent jerky movements of his arms and legs. He has no recollection of the episode. The episode lasted for 3–4 minutes. His girlfriend reports that he has not been sleeping well over the past month. He is only oriented to place a... | D: Electroencephalography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man is admitted to the ER for a severe persistent abdominal pain of 6 hours duration with nausea, vomiting, and steatorrhea. His medical history is relevant for multiple similar episodes of abdominal pain, hypertension, a recent fasting plasma glucose test of 150 mg/dL, and an HbA1c of 7.8%. His tempera... | B: Low serum trypsin, low stool elastase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effect of chromatin structure on gene regulation. The investigator isolates a class of proteins that compact DNA by serving as spools upon which DNA winds around. These proteins are most likely rich in which of the following compounds?? {'A': 'Phosphate', 'B': 'Proline and alanine', 'C... | D: Lysine and arginine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of intermittent blood in his stool. He has had no pain with defecation. Physical examination shows a 2-cm mass located above the dentate line. Further evaluation of the mass confirms adenocarcinoma. Which of the following describes the most likely ... | A: Superior rectal vein → inferior mesenteric vein → hepatic portal vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy and his mother are brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. The boy was an unrestrained passenger in a head-on collision and was ejected from the front seat. The patient's mother was the driver and she is currently being resuscitated. Neither the child nor the mother are c... | D: Do not transfuse the mother and transfuse the boy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing heartburn for the last few months. During this period, she has taken ranitidine several times a day without relief and has lost 10 kg (22 lbs). She has retrosternal pressure and burning with every meal. She has had heartburn for several years and took r... | E: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision in which he was the unrestrained passenger. His wife confirms that he has hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and chronic lower back pain. Current medications include metoprolol, warfarin, h... | A: Hyperventilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician hoping she is pregnant. She reports that she had been taking oral contraceptive pills, but she stopped when she began trying to get pregnant about 7 months ago. Since then she has not had her period. She took a few home pregnancy tests that were negative, but sh... | E: Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine physical examination. He does not take any medications. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a calcium concentration of 8.5 mg/dL, a phosphorus concentration of 3.1 mg/dL, an elevated bone-specific alkaline phosphatase concentratio... | C: Increased osteoblast activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman who has never been pregnant presents to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has had 5 months of deep pain during sexual intercourse and pelvic pain that intensified prior to her menses. The pain has not subsided despite taking oral contraceptives. She denies any vaginal discharge or fou... | C: Laparoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and new gluteal lesions. The lesions began as painless red macules and evolved into painful ulcers overnight. She received her fourth course of palliative chemotherapy 2 weeks ago. Her temperature is ... | D: Exotoxin A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of fatigue and feeling sad. She reports that ever since her husband passed away 3 months ago, she has noticed a decrease in her energy level and reports frequently awaking at 2 in the morning and cannot fall back asleep. She sometimes wakes up an... | B: Major depressive disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A physician is describing a case to his residents where a kidney transplant was rapidly rejected by the recipient minutes after graft perfusion. The physician most likely describes all of the following manifestations EXCEPT?? {'A': 'Graft mottling', 'B': 'Graft cyanosis', 'C': 'Low urine output with evidence of blood... | D: Histological evidence of arteriosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of intermittent flank pain and reddish discoloration of urine. His blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. His serum creatinine concentration is 1.4 mg/dL. An abdominal CT scan is shown. This patient's condition is most likely caused by a genetic defect in... | A: Short arm of chromosome 16 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of inability to concentrate and difficulties completing assignments at school. His mother says that he frequently interrupts others during conversations at home and that his teachers often reprimand him for talking excessively in school. He refuses to play with the... | C: Prenatal alcohol exposure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old female is brought in by ambulance with altered mental status. She is in a comatose state, but is breathing spontaneously with deep and rapid respirations. Her vital signs are as follows: T 100.2F, BP 92/54 mmHg, HR 103 bpm, RR 28, and SpO2 97% on room air. Complete blood count reveals: WBC 12.7, hemoglo... | C: Medication overdose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are studying the relationship between heart disease and alcohol consumption. They review the electronic medical records of 500 patients at a local hospital during the study period and identify the presence or absence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on the day o... | C: Cross-sectional study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of recurring black stools. On questioning, he reports fatigue and loss of appetite over the last 3 months. Twenty years ago, he underwent a partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer disease. The patient's father died of metastatic colon c... | D: Abdominopelvic CT scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue. She admits to binge eating several times per month, after which she usually induces vomiting for compensation. She exercises daily in an effort to lose weight. She is 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weighs 60 kg (132 lb); BMI is 21.3 kg/m... | E: Fluoxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes to the physician with his wife for evaluation of infertility. They have been unable to conceive for 2 years. The man reports normal libido and erectile function. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 13 years. He does not take any medications. He has a history of right-sided cryptorch... | C: Decreased inhibin B concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department because of palpitations and lightheadedness that began 16 hours ago. He admitted to binge drinking the night before. He was sedated and electrically cardioverted. An ECG that was recorded following cardioversion is shown. After regaining consciousness, he was ... | D: Administer procainamide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department after falling about from a chair and injuring her right leg. During the past 2 years, she has had two long bone fractures. She is at the 5th percentile for height and 20th percentile for weight. Her right lower leg is diffusely erythematous. The patient withdra... | C: Type 1 collagen defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus suddenly develops tremors, cold sweats, and confusion while on a backpacking trip with friends. She is only oriented to person and is unable to follow commands. Her fingerstick blood glucose concentration is 28 mg/dL. Her friend administers an intramuscular injection ... | D: Activation of adenylyl cyclase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old diabetic man presents with fever, headache, and excruciating pain in his right eye for the past 2 days. He says that he has been taking sitagliptin and metformin regularly. He endorses recently having a sore throat. On examination, vesicles are present in groups with an erythematous base on the upper ey... | B: Ophthalmic nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with recent swelling in his legs that has now spread to the lower part of his thighs. He sometimes has difficulty putting on his shoes and pants. He also noticed puffiness under his eyes over the last 3 weeks. A 24-hour urine collection confirms proteinuria of 5... | C: Hepatitis B infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician for an annual routine examination. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last for 4 days with normal flow. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She is sexually active with one male partner and they use condoms consistently. The patient is 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) tall... | E: Follow-up examination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents with fever, headache, and clouded sensorium for the past 3 days. His fever is low-grade. He says his headache is mild-to-moderate in intensity and associated with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. There is no history of a sore throat, pain on urination, abdominal pain, or loose motions. He... | A: Clouded sensorium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of anorexia, weight loss, and cough productive of blood-tinged sputum with yellow granules. Four months ago he was treated for gingivitis. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years. Examination shows crackles over the right upper lung f... | A: Penicillin G |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of intermittent shortness of breath while going up stairs and walking his dog. It began about 1 month ago and seems to be getting worse. He has also developed a dry cough. He has not had any wheezing, fevers, chills, recent weight loss, or shortness of breath at rest. ... | A: Occupational exposure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old obese woman presents with changes in her left breast. The patient states that, about a month ago, she noticed that she was able to feel a hard mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast, which has not gone away. In addition, her nipple and skin overlying the breast have started to look differen... | C: Trastuzumab |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the doctor by his father because his father is worried about the boy's performance in school and his lack of a social life. His father is also worried about the ongoing bullying his son is experiencing due to swearing outbursts the boy has exhibited for several years. During these out... | B: Risperidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman presents to the emergency room after falling on her right side at a bar and breaking her clavicle and 2 ribs. Her husband reports that she has had a 6-month history of diarrhea and has lost 6.8 kg (15 lb) over the last year without dieting or exercising. She has a family history of type I diabetes... | E: Insulin aspart and glargine with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old G2P1 female at 37 weeks of gestation presents to the clinic for complaints of right-hand numbness and pain for the past month. She reports that the pain is usually worse at night and that she would sometimes wake up in the middle of the night from the “pins and needles.” She denies fever, weakness, or w... | D: Tingling when the right wrist is percussed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician’s office for muscle weakness. The patient is accompanied by his mother who states that he has difficulty running and walking up the stairs. The mother has noticed mild weakness when the patient attempts to sit up from a supine position since he was 4-years-old. Medical hi... | C: Genetic testing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old male currently undergoing standard therapy for a recently diagnosed active tuberculosis infection develops sudden onset of fever and oliguria. Laboratory evaluations demonstrate high levels of eosinophils in both the blood and urine. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the patient’s sy... | A: Rifampin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of a generalized, pruritic rash. The rash began during infancy and did not resolve despite initiating treatment with topical corticosteroids. Three months ago, he was treated for several asymptomatic soft tissue abscesses on his legs. He has been admitted to... | A: Impaired chemotaxis of neutrophils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for a routine check-up. His mother says he is feeding well and has no concerns. He is at the 85th percentile for height and 82nd percentile for weight. Immunizations are up-to-date. Results of serum hepatitis B surface IgG antibody testing are positive. Which of the fo... | E: Passive immunity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive pain in his right hip and lower back over the past 4 weeks. He describes the pain as dull and constant. It is worse with exertion and at night. Over the past 2 months, he has helped his son with renovating his home, which required heavy lifting and kneel... | B: Increased rate of bone remodeling |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of low-grade fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. His symptoms began 6 days ago while he was on vacation in Thailand where he went to an urgent care clinic and was started on cefuroxime. His temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F). Physical examination shows decreased br... | A: Lack of peptidoglycan in cell wall |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four days after undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft for coronary artery disease, a 60-year-old man complains of abdominal fullness and bloating. Since his surgery, he has not had a bowel movement and is unable to pass flatus. He has no nausea or vomiting. Prior to the operation, the patient had daily bowel move... | D: Laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents with trouble focusing. She says that she has trouble focusing on simple tasks and her thoughts are very scattered. These difficulties have been present since she was a young student in elementary school. She says she had difficulty focusing both at school and at home. The patient is diagn... | A: “Appetite suppression is a common side effect of this medication.” |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to the fertility clinic due to an inability to conceive. She and her husband have been attempting to have children for over a year. She underwent menarche at 16 years of age and typically has menses every 29 days regularly. Her menstrual periods would last 6 days and are mildly painful. H... | A: Cabergoline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Examination of the skin shows erythema over the thenar and hypothenar eminences of both hands. He also has numerous blanching lesions over the trunk and upper extremities that have a central red vessel with thin extensions ... | E: Increased circulating estrogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 15-year-old boy comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He feels well and is doing well in school. He has no history of serious illness. Vital signs are within normal limits. The lungs are clear to auscultation. Cardiac auscultation shows no murmur, but a wide-split S... | D: Paradoxical embolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever and neck pain that radiates to the jaw and ears. She has also noticed swelling in the front part of her throat since the onset of the pain. She reports feeling anxious and sweating profusely over the past 2 days. She has no history of majo... | A: Subacute thyroiditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female arrives at the urgent care clinic at her university’s health plan asking for an HIV test. She is an undergraduate at the university and just started having sexual intercourse with her new boyfriend. They use protection only occasionally so she wants to get tested to make sure everything is okay. ... | E: We need additional bloodwork to see if you have AIDS. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman visits the office with a complaint of recurrent abdominal pain for the past 2 months. She says the pain has been increasing every day and is located in the right upper quadrant. She has been using oral contraceptive pills for the past 2 years. She is a nonsmoker and does not drink alcohol. Her vit... | E: Hepatic adenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of a history of recurrent right lower abdominal pain for the past 2 years. A CT scan shows a 1.2-cm (0.47-in) mass located in the terminal ileum. He undergoes surgical removal of the mass. A photomicrograph of the resected specimen is shown. Cells fr... | B: Chromogranin A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Her symptoms began when she was eating dinner. She has a past medical history of obesity, constipation, intravenous drug use, and diabetes. The patient is instructed to be nil per os and is transferred to the surgical floor. Three days late... | A: Blastic and lytic skeletal lesions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old obese woman is referred to the cardiology clinic for progressive dyspnea. She has had no recent travel or sick contacts. Besides a multivitamin, she has only tried online weight-loss medications for the past five years, including fenfluramine-phentermine. An echocardiogram reveals a dilated right ventri... | B: Carcinoid syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man seeks an evaluation from a physician for painful right axillary swelling since 2 days ago. He has malaise. He has no history of serious illnesses and takes no medications. He has a pet kitten which was recently treated for fleas. The temperature is 38.5℃ (101.3℉), the pulse is 88/min, the respirati... | E: No pharmacotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the relationship between LDL-C and the incidence of heart disease. The patients were selected at random. Results showed a 10-year relative risk (RR) of 2.30 for people with elevated LDL-C levels compared to individuals with normal LDL levels. The p value was 0.04. Th... | A: 1.01-3.70 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by police officers because he was seen acting strangely in public. The patient was found talking nonsensically to the characters on cereal boxes in a grocery store. Past medical history is significant for multiple hospitalizations for alcohol-related injuries a... | C: Korsakoff amnesia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old man presents for a follow-up appointment at his primary care provider’s office. The patient has severe osteoarthritis, which substantially limits his daily physical activity. Several imaging studies have confirmed severe articular degeneration and evidence of bone grinding on bone in his hip joints. The... | C: Total hip arthroplasty |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy and the rest of his family visit a physician for a physical after migrating to the United States. His mother reports that her son is always fatigued and has no energy to play like the other kids in their remote village in Nigeria. He was born at 39 weeks via spontaneous vaginal delivery and is meetin... | A: Pathological; an intermediate of glycolysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old male of eastern European descent presents to the free clinic at a university hospital for a respiratory infection, which his mother explains occurs quite frequently. The male is noted to be of short stature, have a gargoyle-like facies, clouded corneas, poor dentition, and is severely mentally retarded.... | A: Hurler's syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has a history of recurrent asthma attacks. The mother reports that her daughter has also had mild abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks. The patient's current medications include daily inhaled fluticasone and inhaled albuterol ... | C: Wilms' tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man with a history of hepatitis C infection presents to his physician because of unintentional weight loss and weakness. He has lost 6.8 kg (15 lb) within the last 6 months. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows jaundice, splenomegaly, and caput medusae. A complete metabolic p... | A: Alanine aminotransferase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying fungal growth isolates organisms from an infant with diaper rash. The isolate is cultured and exposed to increasing concentrations of nystatin. Selected colonies continue to grow and replicate even at high concentrations of the drug. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for t... | A: Reduced ergosterol content in cell membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A rheumatologist is evaluating the long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis by comparing two retrospective cohort studies. In study A, the hazard ratio for venous thromboembolism was found to be 1.7 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.89–2.9. Study B identified a ... | D: The p-value of study A is likely larger than the p-value of study B. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought into the clinic by her mother who is concerned that she may be depressed. The mother states that her daughter feels unattractive and does not fit into any of the social groups at school. When talking to the patient, it is discovered that she mostly avoids the kids in school because of fe... | A: Avoidant personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old female presents to her pediatrician complaining of 2 weeks of fever and 1 week of swollen lumps in her left armpit. Upon examination of the left upper extremity, her physician notes the presence of a single papule which the patient claimed appeared one week ago. The patient started her first job at a pe... | B: Cats |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with her spouse for routine follow-up. She has a history of schizophrenia and is currently living at a nursing facility. Her symptoms first started 2 years ago, when she developed auditory hallucinations and her family noticed that her thoughts and speech beca... | B: Haloperidol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old G4P4 woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of a breast lump. She reports that she felt the lump while conducting a breast self-examination. Her past medical history is notable for endometrial cancer status post radical hysterectomy. She takes aspirin and fish oil. The patient drinks 3... | E: Photosensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man is evaluated for progressive joint pain. There is swelling and tenderness over the first, second, and third metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands. His hand radiograph shows beak-like osteophytes on his 2nd and 3rd metacarpophalangeal joints, subchondral cysts, and osteopenia. He has had diabetes ... | A: Hypogonadism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of altered mental status for 2 hours. She and her husband were at the grocery store when she suddenly could not remember why she was there or how she got there. She has not had any head trauma. She has a history of depression and migraines. She does n... | A: Transient global amnesia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A team of biology graduate students are performing research on epigenetics and chromosome inactivation. The goal is to silence all the genes on a chromosome at once. The team chooses to develop a model based on a known human gene that can accomplish this task in vivo. Which of the genes listed below would be a suitab... | B: XIST |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents to a physician with the complaint of a dry cough for the last 2 months. He denies any nasal discharge, sneezing, nose congestion, blood in sputum, breathlessness, fever, or weight loss. He started smoking 2 years back. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.2°F), the heart rate is 88/min, the blood ... | A: Lack of calcification |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive pain, redness, and swelling of his left forearm. The symptoms began after he scratched his arm on a metal table 4 days ago. Examination of the left forearm shows a 2-cm, tender, erythematous, fluctuant lesion at the site of trauma. Incision and drainage ... | B: IL-8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Your test subject is a stout 52-year-old gentleman participating in a study on digestion. After eating a platter of meat riblets and beef strips a test subjects digestive tract undergoes vast hormonal changes. Which of the following changes likely occurred in this patient as a result of the meal?? {'A': 'Increased ga... | C: Increased release of secretin from S cells of the duodenum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old G1P0 woman at 25 weeks estimated gestational age presents with a blood pressure of 188/99 mm Hg during a routine prenatal visit. She has no symptoms, except for a mild headache. The patient's heart rate is 78/min. An injectable antihypertensive along with a beta-blocker is administered, and her blood pr... | E: Interference with action of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) on intracellular calcium release |
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