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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old African American woman with a history of Addison's disease presents with widespread, symmetric hypopigmented patches and macules overlying her face and shoulders. After a thorough interview and using a Wood’s lamp to exclude fungal etiology, vitiligo is suspected. Complete blood count shows leukocytes 6... | A: The course usually is slowly progressive with spontaneous repigmentation in 15% of patients. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after a Pap smear showed atypical squamous cells. A colposcopy-directed biopsy of the cervix shows evidence of squamous cell carcinoma. The malignant cells from this lesion are most likely to drain into which of the following group of lymph nodes?... | A: Internal iliac |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old G2P1001 presents to her obstetrician’s office complaining of dyspareunia. She endorses ongoing vaginal dryness resulting in uncomfortable intercourse over the last month. In addition, she has noticed a gritty sensation in her eyes as well as difficulty tasting food and halitosis. She denies pain with ur... | C: Heart block |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy mother gives birth to a child at 40 weeks of gestation. On examination, the child has ambiguous genitalia. A karyotype analysis reveals the presence of a Y chromosome. Additional workup reveals the presence of testes and a normal level of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. Which of the followi... | D: 5-alpha reductase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man who was recently placed on TMP-SMX for a urinary tract infection presents to urgent care with a new rash. The vital signs include: blood pressure 121/80 mm Hg, pulse 91/min, respiratory rate 18/min, and temperature 36.7°C (98.2°F). Physical examination reveals a desquamative skin covering both of hi... | E: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man with a history of type I diabetes presents to the emergency room in respiratory distress. His respirations are labored and deep, and his breath odor is notably fruity. Which of the following laboratory results would you most expect to find in this patient?? {'A': 'Increased serum HCO3-', 'B': 'Decre... | E: Increased urine H2PO4- |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents to the ED with a one day history of severe right eye pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and headache. He is afebrile and he appears to be alert despite being irritable. Three days ago an ophthalmologist prescribed eye drops for his right eye but his parents do not know the name of the med... | A: Muscarinic antagonist inhibiting pupillary sphincter muscle contraction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of a 9-month history of weight loss, fatigue, and a general sense of malaise. She additionally complains of an unusual sensation in her chest upon rapidly rising from a supine to a standing position. Current vitals include a temperature of 36.8°C (98.2°F), pulse ... | D: Tumor within the left atria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to the physician with fever and malaise for 4 days. He has headaches and joint pain. A pruritic rash appeared on the trunk yesterday. He had blood in his ejaculate twice. His hearing has become partially impaired. There is no history of serious illnesses or the use of medications. Ten days ... | E: Zika virus disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old Japanese female presents with flu-like symptoms and weak pulses in her upper extremities. An angiogram reveals granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch. Which of the following disease processes is most similar to this patient's disease?? {'A': 'Temporal arteritis', 'B': 'Polyarteritis nodosa', 'C':... | A: Temporal arteritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department in respiratory distress after her parents noticed that she was having difficulty breathing. They say that she developed a fever 2 days ago and subsequently developed increasing respiratory difficulty, lethargy, and productive cough. On presentation, her temper... | D: Mannose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of intermittent lower abdominal cramps associated with diarrhea, bloating, and mild nausea. During this period, she has had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss. She feels like she cannot fully empty her bowels. She has no history of serious illness. She h... | D: Crohn disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy is admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU) because of congestive heart failure exacerbation. A medical student wants to determine the flow velocity across the aortic valve. She estimates the cross-sectional area of the valve is 5 cm2and the volumetric flow rate is 55 cm3/... | D: 0.11 m/s |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 10 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department for vaginal bleeding, cramping lower abdominal pain, and dizziness. She also has had fevers, chills, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge for the past 2 days. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they use cond... | C: Intravenous clindamycin and gentamicin followed by suction and curettage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl presents to the family doctor with fever, headache, sore throat, dry cough, myalgias, and weakness. Her symptoms began acutely 2 days ago. On presentation, her blood pressure is 110/80 mm Hg, heart rate is 86/min, respiratory rate is 18/min, and temperature is 39.0°C (102.2°F). Physical examination... | E: After somatic hypermutation, only a small amount of B cells antigen receptors have increased affinity for the antigen. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a whistling sound during respiration for the past 3 weeks. He reports that the whistling is becoming louder, and is especially loud when he exercises. He says the noise is frustrating for him. Six months ago, the patient underwent outpatient treatment for an uncompl... | A: Nasal septal hematoma drainage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy with behavioral changes is brought in by his concerned parents. The patient’s parents say that he has been acting very odd and having difficulty academically for the past 4 months. The patient says that he has been worried and distracted because he is certain the government is secretly recording him... | B: Schizophreniform disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents for recent episodes of non-bilious projectile vomiting and refusal to eat. The boy had no problem with passing meconium or eating at birth; he only started having these episodes at 3 weeks old. Further history reveals that the patient is a first ... | B: Hypertrophy of smooth muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents with difficulty breathing and blurred vision in the left eye. No significant past medical history or current medications. He has had more than 6 sexual partners (both men and women) and did not use any form of protection during sexual intercourse. No significant family history. Upon physica... | B: Guanosine analog that preferably inhibits viral DNA polymerase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by ambulance due to difficulty breathing. On presentation he is found to be straining to breathe. Physical exam reveals bilateral prolonged expiratory wheezing, difficulty speaking, and belly breathing. Radiographs also reveal hyperinflation of the lungs. He is ... | C: Distal most extent of smooth muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue, polyuria, and blurry vision. His BMI is 33 kg/m2 and his blood pressure is 147/95 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show a serum glucose concentration of 192 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c concentration of 7.2%. Urinalysis shows 1+ glucose, 1+ protei... | A: Lisinopril therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Background and Methods: Aldosterone is important in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In a double-blind study, we enrolled 1,663 patients who had NYHA class III or IV heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction of no more than 35%, and who were being treated with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor... | C: A 56-year-old male with NYHA class III heart failure with an LVEF of 32%, current taking lisinopril, furosemide, and digoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents for an annual checkup. He has no complaints at the moment of presentation. He was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus a year ago and takes metformin 1000 mg per day. The patient also has a history of postinfectious myocarditis that occurred 15 years ago with no apparent residual heart failure.... | E: Fosinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old male presents to the emergency department after falling from his scooter. The patient reports that he fell sideways off the scooter as he rounded a curve in the road, and he describes dull, aching pain along his left side where he hit the ground. The patient’s parents report that he has never had any ser... | A: Factor VIII deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of fever, malaise, cough, and shortness of breath for 2 months. He has had a 4-kg (9-lb) weight loss during the same period. He works at a flour mill and does not smoke cigarettes. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F) and pulse oximetry shows 95% on room air. Diffuse fi... | B: Interferon gamma and interleukin-2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators is examining the effect of the drug orlistat as an adjunct therapy to lifestyle modification on weight loss in obese volunteers. 800 obese participants were randomized to receive orlistat in addition to counseling on lifestyle modification and 800 obese participants were randomized to receive... | C: Attrition bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 1-week history of malaise and chest pain. Three weeks ago, she had a sore throat that resolved without treatment. Her temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F). Examination shows several subcutaneous nodules on her elbows and wrist bilaterally and a new-onset early sy... | B: Fibrinoid necrosis with histiocytic infiltrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A study of a new antihypertensive drug that affects glomerular filtration rate is being conducted. Infusion of drug X causes constriction of the efferent arteriole. After infusion of the drug, the following glomerular values are obtained from an experimental subject: hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillary (... | A: 15 mm Hg |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening mental status over the past month. Her husband reports that she was initially experiencing lapses in memory but has recently started having difficulties performing activities of daily living. She appears withdrawn and avoids eye contact. Examination show... | E: Spongiform vacuolation of the cortex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and nausea for 1 week. Over the past six months, he has had to get up twice every night to urinate. Occasionally, he has had discomfort during urination. He has arterial hypertension. His father died of renal cell carcinoma. Current medications include ramip... | D: Renal ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of right-sided painless scrotal swelling that he noticed yesterday while taking a shower. He is currently sexually active with two female partners and uses condoms inconsistently. He immigrated to the US from Argentina 2 years ago. His immunization records are unavaila... | E: Testicular tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after undergoing an emergency laparotomy following a motor vehicle collision, a 37-year-old man has increased thirst. Examination shows dry mucous membranes and decreased skin turgor. A review of his chart shows his urine output to be in excess of his fluid intake. Laboratory studies show a serum sodium conc... | A: Posterior pituitary |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of lower abdominal pain for the past 12 hours. The pain has progressively worsened and was accompanied by occasional episodes of diarrhea. She has vomited twice. Her mother has Crohn disease. Her temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F), pulse is 95/min, respir... | A: Ultrasound of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fatigue and palpitations for several weeks. An ECG shows atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography shows thrombus formation in the left atrium. Which of the following organs is most likely to continue to function in the case of an embolic event?? {'A': 'Spleen', 'B... | D: Liver |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old female patient with a history of schizophrenia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism comes to clinic stating she would like to be put back on a medication. She recently stopped taking her haloperidol as it made it hard for her to "sit still." She requests to be put on olanzapine as a friend from... | C: The patient has type 2 diabetes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl presents to her physician with itching, soreness, and irritation in the vulvar region. She reports that these episodes have occurred 6–7 times a year since the age of 5. She used to treat these symptoms with topical ketoconazole cream, but this time it failed to help. She also has had several episo... | B: The patient is likely to have another immune impairment besides the one for which she was tested. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the physician with chronic abdominal pain. He has a 3-year history of severe peptic ulcer disease and esophagitis. Two months ago, he took omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin for 14 days. His medical history is otherwise unremarkable. Currently, he takes omeprazole 60 mg/day. He is ... | E: Surgical resection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-day-old male newborn is brought to the emergency department because of fever and poor feeding for 2 days. He became very fussy the previous evening and cried for most of the night. He was born at 36 weeks' gestation and weighed 2430 g (5 lb 3 oz). The pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. The mother does no... | E: Lumbar puncture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of left shoulder pain hours after suffering a fall from a height of approximately 10 feet while rock climbing about 5 hours ago. He initially thought the pain would resolve with rest but it became more severe over the last 2 hours. Last year while rock climb... | B: CT scan of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of persistent fever and cough. Three days ago, he was diagnosed with pneumonia and acute otitis media. He was started on ampicillin-sulbactam and clarithromycin, but his symptoms did not improve. The mother reports that her son has been hospitalized 3 ti... | E: Tyrosine kinase gene mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old woman is brought to her physician by her daughter who reports that the patient has been increasingly confused and forgetful over the past year. The daughter reports that the patient has difficulty finding words, remembering names, and maintaining a conversation. She has gotten lost twice while driving. ... | A: Decreased intracellular calcium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old farmer presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of unusual behavior. His wife states that since this morning he has experienced dryness and flushing of his skin while working outside. As the day went on, the patient found it exceedingly difficult to urinate and had to create significa... | A: Medication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of progressive lethargy and confusion during the past 2 days. His wife reports that he has been complaining of nausea and increased urination for the past 5 days. He also developed a cough 1 week ago. He has a history of a cerebrovascular ac... | D: Blood glucose measurement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of progressively worsening chest pain and nausea that started while visiting a local bar 30 minutes ago. The pain radiates to the epigastric area. He has a 10-year history of untreated hypertension. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. The ... | A: Propranolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old female presents with recent muscle weakness, fatigue, and constipation. Physical examination reveals a bradycardic patient with cool, dry skin. Which of the following lab values would be most likely to be present with this patient's presentation?? {'A': 'Elevated serum calcitonin', 'B': 'Elevated serum ... | B: Elevated serum CK |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old gravida 2 para 1 presents to her physician at 12 weeks gestation. She has no complaints. Her previous pregnancy 5 years ago had an uncomplicated course with vaginal delivery of a healthy boy at 39 + 1 weeks gestation. Her weight is 75 kg (165 lb) and the height is 168 cm (5 ft 6 in). On presentation, th... | D: Indirect Coombs test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with frequent urination. He was recently hospitalized following a severe motorcycle accident in which he suffered multiple injuries to his head and extremities. He reports that he has been constantly thirsty and has been urinating four to five times per night s... | A: Supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 88-year-old man presents to his primary care physician due to insomnia. The patient’s wife states that she often sees him sitting awake at night, seemed visibly irritated. This has persisted for years but worsened recently when the patient attended a funeral for one of his friends in the military. The patient stat... | D: Escitalopram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to the office complaining of abdominal pain. He reports that the pain is mid-epigastric and “gnawing.” It worsens after meals but improves “somewhat” with antacids. The patient’s medical history is significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and gout. He takes aspirin, lisinopril, atorvas... | C: Antacid use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his brother after losing consciousness 1 hour ago. The brother reports that the patient was skateboarding outside when he fell on the ground and started to have generalized contractions. There was also some blood coming from his mouth. The contractions stopp... | D: CT scan of the head |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of urinary frequency and perineal pain for the past 3 days. During this time, he has also had pain with defecation. He is sexually active with his wife only. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F). His penis and scrotum appear normal. Digital rectal examination shows a sw... | A: Gram-negative, lactose-fermenting rods in pink colonies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of burn injuries that she sustained after stumbling into a bonfire 1 hour ago. The patient has severe pain in her left leg and torso, and minimal pain in her right arm. She does not smoke cigarettes. She takes no medications. She is tearful... | D: Monitoring of peripheral pulses and capillary filling |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after falling from a trampoline and landing on his left arm. On presentation, he is found to be holding his left arm against his chest and says that his arm is extremely painful just above the elbow. Radiographs are obtained showing the finding in figure A. The... | E: Thumb flexion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman came to her OBGYN for an infertility consultation. The patient reports having intercourse with her husband at least 3 times per week with increasing frequency during the periods. The lab reports of her husband revealed an adequate sperm count. After the work-ups was complete, her OBGYN prescribed ... | B: Leuprolide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to his primary care provider for recurrent epigastric pain. He reports a 3-month history of gnawing epigastric and chest pain that is worse after meals and after lying down. His past medical history is notable for obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He takes lisinopril and rosuvastat... | A: Cimetidine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old Caucasian G1 presents to her physician at 29 weeks gestation for a checkup. The medical history is unremarkable and the current pregnancy has been uncomplicated. Her weight is 81 kg (178.6 lb) and the height is 169 cm (5 ft 6 in). She has gained 13 kg (28.6 lb) during the pregnancy. She has no abnormali... | B: Non-fasting oral glucose tolerance test with 50 g of glucose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after falling off a staircase and hitting his head on the handrail. He was unconscious for 10 minutes and vomited twice. On arrival, he is drowsy. Examination shows a fixed, dilated left pupil and right-sided flaccid paralysis. A CT scan of the head ... | E: Foramen spinosum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-day-old male newborn is brought to the physician by his mother for the evaluation of progressive yellowing of his skin for 2 days. The mother reports that the yellowing started on the face and on the forehead before affecting the trunk and the limbs. She states that she breastfeeds every 2–3 hours and that the ne... | E: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend after having a seizure. Earlier that day, he also experienced a nosebleed that took 30 minutes to stop when applying pressure. He has had no sick contacts or history of epilepsy or other seizure disorder. He does not take an... | B: Plasma exchange therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a nonpruritic, painless rash that has been on her face for 5 days. She was born at term and has been healthy throughout childhood. Her 62-year-old maternal grandmother has bullous pemphigoid. Her development is adequate for her age and immunizations are up-to-d... | E: Topical mupirocin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old female medical student presents to the emergency department after she develops sudden difficulty breathing and vague chest pain while preparing for exams. The chest pain is non-pleuritic without radiation. She denies any recent travel. She denies any hemoptysis, nausea, vomiting, or leg pain. She only t... | D: Hypercoagulability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old immigrant girl has not received any recommended vaccines since birth. She attends daycare and remains healthy despite her daily association with several other children for the past 3 months at a home day-care facility. Which of the following phenomena explains why she has not contracted any vaccine-preve... | E: Herd immunity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents to her physician with a decreased interest in her daily activities. She says that she has noticed a decreased motivation to participate in her daily routine. She says she feels sad and depressed on most days of the week. She reports her symptoms have been there for about two months but ha... | C: Bupropion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two 19-year-old men are referred by their professor and mentor to a psychiatrist for substance abuse management. The two friends have both used different stimulants for 3 years—Drug A and Drug B, respectively. Both use these substances cyclically. Use of Drug A usually lasts for about 12 hours. The cycle for Drug B l... | B: Drug A predominantly acts by inhibiting the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) at the synapse, while Drug B does not. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a routine examination. She has a chronic history of systemic lupus erythematosus, diagnosed at age 27. Medications include hydroxychloroquine and low-dose prednisone. She has had no recent flare-ups and is compliant with her medication. Anticardiolipin and anti-beta-2 gl... | B: Anti-dsDNA antibody levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to a pediatrician by his mother for evaluation of fever, malaise, and rash with severe itching all over his body for the past 5 days. His immunization history is unavailable. His vital signs include: pulse 110/min, temperature 37.8°C (100.0°F), and respiratory rate 26/min. On examination ... | B: It is a part of the healing process of acute inflammation. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to her pediatrician's office complaining of frequent diarrhea, fatigue, and inability to gain weight. Her vital signs are within normal limits, and her BMI is 17. She describes her stools as pale, malodorous, and bulky. She often has abdominal bloating. Her symptoms are most prominent af... | A: IgA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by a coworker for an injury sustained at work. He works in construction and accidentally shot himself in the chest with a nail gun. Physical examination shows a bleeding wound in the left hemithorax at the level of the 4th intercostal space at the midclavicular... | E: Left upper lobe of the lung |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician due to amenorrhea. The patient states that historically she has her period once every three months but recently has not had it at all. Otherwise, she has no other complaints. The patient recently started college and is a varsity athlete for the track team. Sh... | D: Osteoporosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man who was previously antisocial, low energy at work, and not keen to attend office parties was arrested and brought to the emergency department after he showed up to the office Christmas party out of control. He was noted to be very energetic and irritable. He spent the entire evening hijacking conver... | A: Irresponsibility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man is at his dermatologist’s office for the treatment of a severely pruritic erythroderma with scaling on his buttocks that has been slowly progressing over the past two weeks. The patient works as a truck driver and has a history of hypertension treated with enalapril. The patient reports having tried... | D: Mycosis fungoides |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G6P6 woman with a history of fibroids gives birth to twins via vaginal delivery. Her pregnancy was uneventful, and she reported having good prenatal care. Both placentas are delivered immediately after the birth. The patient continues to bleed significantly over the next 20 minutes. Her temperature is 9... | A: Bimanual massage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents who are concerned about his short stature. He also has had recurrent episodes of diarrhea. Past medical history is significant for iron deficiency anemia diagnosed 6 months ago. Physical examination is unremarkable except that he is in the 9th percentile... | B: Blunting of the intestinal villi |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl is brought into the clinic by her parents, who are distraught over her behavior. They state that over the past several months she has started to act oddly, combing the hair of her toy dolls for hours without stopping and repetitively counting her steps in the house. She is often brought to tears w... | C: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man accountant is admitted to the emergency department with complaints of retrosternal crushing pain that radiates to his left arm and jaw. The medical history is significant for hyperlipidemia and arterial hypertension, for which he is prescribed a statin and ACE inhibitor, respectively. An ECG is obta... | D: Myocardial stunning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman, primigravida, gave birth to a boy 3 months ago and now presents the newborn to your clinic for evaluation. She did not receive prenatal care. She reports that she was taking a medication for her mood swings, but cannot remember the medication’s name. The baby was born cyanotic, with a congenital ... | D: Lithium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying gene expression in a mouse model. She inactivates the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in motor nerve cells. Which of the following processes is most likely to be affected as a result?? {'A': 'Folding of proteins', 'B': 'Aminoacylation of tRNA', 'C': 'Activity of 3′ to... | E: Removal of introns |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a mass in the left breast that she first noticed 2 weeks ago. During this period, the mass has not increased in size and the patient has had no pain. Three months ago, she hit her left chest against the closet door, which was painful for a day. Menses occur... | C: Fibroadenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70 year-old man comes to the physician for difficulty swallowing for 6 months. During this time, he has occasionally coughed up undigested food. He did not have weight loss or fever. Four weeks ago, he had an episode of sore throat, that resolved spontaneously. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 5 years... | D: Abnormal esophageal motor function |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A bacterial isolate obtained from a hospitalized patient is found to be resistant to amikacin. The isolated bacteria most likely has which of the following characteristics?? {'A': 'D-Ala to D-Lac mutation', 'B': 'DNA topoisomerase II mutation', 'C': 'Low-affinity penicillin binding protein', 'D': 'Increased drug infl... | E: Enhanced ability to transfer acetyl groups |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents with complaints of short stature with small hands and skin hypopigmentation. A detailed development history reveals that he was born by normal vaginal delivery at full term and his neonatal period was uneventful. Until he was 6 months of age, he was brea... | B: Paternal inheritance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman is brought to the physician for worsening depressive mood and irritability. Her mood changes began several months ago. Her husband has also noticed shaky movements of her limbs and trunk for the past year. The patient has no suicidal ideation. She has no history of serious illness and takes no med... | E: Caudate nucleus atrophy on MRI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a regular check-up. The patient was born in Germany in 1960 in with shortened limbs, underdeveloped digits, absent external ears, and a cleft palate. He is currently in a wheelchair. His past medical history is also notable for hypertension and allergies. H... | C: Multiple myeloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist because of chronic pelvic pain that she has been experiencing for the last 6 months. Specifically, she says that she has severe pain during menstruation that is localized primarily to her lower abdomen and pelvis. In addition, she has been having pain while defecating ... | D: CA-125 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of left-sided weakness for the past 5 hours. Past medical history is significant for a previous ischemic stroke involving the right posterior cerebral artery and left-sided homonymous hemianopia. He also has a history of type-II diabetes mellitus and... | A: Add dipyridamole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician for a prenatal visit at 37-weeks' gestation because of worsening back pain for 3 weeks. The pain is worse with extended periods of walking, standing, and sitting. She has not had any changes in bowel movements or urination. Her mother has rheumatoid arthritis. Ex... | D: Relaxation of the pelvic girdle ligaments |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying immune response administers a 0.5 mL intradermal injection of an autoclaved microorganism to a study volunteer. Four weeks later, there is a 12-mm, indurated, hypopigmented patch over the site of injection. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the observed skin finding?? ... | D: Increased activity of CD4+ Th1 cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of oligomenorrhea and intermittent vaginal spotting for 5 months. Menses previously occurred at regular 28-day intervals and lasted for 5 days with normal flow. She has also noted increased hair growth on her chin. She is not sexually active. She takes no medications... | E: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a fever and a change in her behavior. She presented with similar symptoms 6 weeks ago and was treated for an Escherchia coli infection. She also was treated for a urinary tract infection 10 weeks ago. Her mother says that last night her daughter felt ill and... | B: Intentional contamination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to your office with a variety of complaints. As part of her evaluation, she undergoes laboratory testing which reveals the presence of anti-centromere antibodies. All of the following symptoms and signs would be expected to be present EXCEPT:? {'A': 'Pallor, cyanosis, and erythema of the han... | D: Hypercoagulable state |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 6-month history of worsening bronchial asthma control. Before this issue began, she only used her salbutamol inhaler once a day. Now, she has to use it multiple times daily and also reports frequent nighttime awakening. Seven months ago, she moved to an apartment that ... | D: Interferon-γ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old, G1P0 woman at 35 weeks of gestation comes to the emergency room for a severe headache. She reports that she was washing the dishes 2 hours ago when a dull headache came on and progressively worsened. She also reports 2 episodes of intermittent blurred vision over the past hour that has since cleared. N... | A: Abnormal placental spiral arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision in which he was a restrained passenger. On arrival, he has shortness of breath and is in severe pain. His pulse is 130/min, respirations are 35/min, and blood pressure is 90/40 mm Hg. Exami... | E: Flail chest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to the emergency room with blurred vision, lightheadedness, and chest pain that started 30 minutes ago. The patient is awake and alert. His history is significant for uncontrolled hypertension, coronary artery disease, and he previously underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. He is af... | A: Cyanide poisoning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 5-hour history of worsening chest pain and dyspnea. Six days ago, he fell in the shower and since then has had mild pain in his left chest. He appears pale and anxious. His temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 108/min, respirations are 30/min, ... | E: Chest tube insertion in the fifth intercostal space at the midaxillary line " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician because of growths around her anus that developed over the past 4 weeks. They are not painful and she does not have blood in her stool. She is sexually active with two male partners and uses condoms inconsistently. She appears healthy. Vital signs are within normal limits. E... | E: Human papilloma virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician because of intermittent episodes of cramping lower abdominal pain and bloating over the past 3 months. These episodes are often associated with non-bloody, watery, frothy stools, and excessive flatulence. The cramping does not subside after defecation. She reports that her s... | D: Hydrogen breath test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents with 5-day history of progressively worsening shortness of breath and bilateral pleuritic chest pain. She also has been having associated fatigue, low grade fever, and night sweats. Her temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F), pulse is 106/min, respiratory rate is 26/min, and blood pressure is 13... | B: Infective endocarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old female presents to her primary care provider complaining of shaking of her hands. She reports that her hands shake when she is pouring her coffee in the morning and when she is buttoning her shirt. She has noticed that her tremor improves with the several beers she has every night with dinner. She has a... | B: Asthma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 16 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a routine prenatal visit. She feels well. She has no history of serious illness. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 10 years but quit when she learned she was pregnant. She does not drink alcohol or use illicit drug... | C: Amniocentesis |
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