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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man is brought to the emergency department following an episode of loss of consciousness 1 hour ago. He had just finished micturating, when he fell down. His wife heard the noise and found him unconscious on the floor. He regained consciousness after 30 seconds and was able to talk normally with his wif... | B: Situational syncope |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3000-g (6.6-lb) female newborn is delivered at term to a 23-year-old primigravid woman. The mother has had no prenatal care. Immunization records are not available. Cardiac examination shows a continuous heart murmur. There are several bluish macules on the skin that do not blanch with pressure. Slit lamp examinati... | C: Congenital rubella infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of rivaroxaban to warfarin for ischemic stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. A total of 14,000 participants were enrolled and one half was assigned to each of the cohorts. The patients were followed prospe... | C: Increased confidence interval range |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of a left breast mass that she noticed 4 weeks ago. It has rapidly increased in size during this period. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows large dense breasts; a 6-cm, nontender, multinodular mass is palpated in the upper outer quadra... | D: Phyllodes tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying obesity in mice. Over the course of 2 weeks, mice in the experimental group receive a daily injection with a synthetic analog of an endogenous hormone. Compared to the control group, the hormone-injected mice eat more and gain significantly more weight. Which of the following is the most l... | D: Ghrelin stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of pain and swelling in his left leg over the past few hours. He traveled from Sydney to Los Angeles 2 days ago. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 10 years and takes metformin for it. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 25 years. His temper... | B: Impaired venous blood flow |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A man returns home late at night to find his 15-year-old son and 40-year-old wife unconscious in the family room. He immediately summons emergency services. In the field, pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation at 100% for both patients. 100% yet they both appear cyanotic. Both patients are provided with 2L of oxygen ... | D: Carbon monoxide poisoning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old research assistant is brought to the emergency department for severe chemical burns 30 minutes after accidentally spilling hydrochloric acid on himself. The burns cover both hands and forearms. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 112/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 108/82 mm H... | E: Urinary output " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old female with congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency room by her husband because of an altered mental status. He states he normally helps her be compliant with her medications, but he had been away for several days. On physical exam, her temperature is 37.2 C, BP 85/55, a... | B: IV NS |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old G2P2002 is recovering in the hospital on postpartum day 3 after a low transverse C-section. During morning rounds, she reports a “pus-like” discharge and shaking chills overnight. She also endorses increased uterine cramping compared to the day before, but her postpartum course has otherwise been uneven... | C: C-section after onset of labor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and shortness of breath with moderate exertion for the past 2 months. Over the past 10 days, he has had low-grade fevers and night sweats. He has no history of serious illness except for a bicuspid aortic valve diagnosed 5 years ago. He has smoked one pack o... | B: Streptococcus sanguinis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle collision. He was the front seat and unrestrained driver in a head on collision. His temperature is 99.2°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 90/65 mmHg, pulse is 152/min, respirations are 16/min, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. Physical... | C: 11 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old Caucasian female presents at the ER with fever and sharp pain in her chest upon coughing and inhalation. Three weeks earlier she presented to her rheumatologist with a butterfly rash, joint pain and fatigue and was given a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. A friction rub is present upon physica... | D: Pericarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man with a history of alcoholism undergoes an upper endoscopy, which reveals a superficial mucosal tear in the distal esophagus. Laboratory results show a metabolic alkalosis. What is the most likely mechanism of the acid/base disturbance in this patient?? {'A': 'B12 deficiency', 'B': 'Anemia', 'C': 'Vo... | C: Vomiting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of flank pain, rash, and blood-tinged urine for 1 day. Two months ago, he was started on hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. He takes acetaminophen for back pain. Examination shows a generalized, diffuse maculopapular rash. Serum studies show a creatinine concentrati... | E: Urinary eosinophils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) of first-void urine confirms infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Treatment with the appropriate pharmacotherapy is started. Which of the following health maintenance recommendations is most appropriate at this time?? {'A': 'Avoid sun exposure', 'B': 'Avoid drinking alcohol'... | A: Avoid sun exposure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy presents as a new patient to your practice. While conducting your physical exam, you observe the findings depicted in Figures A and B. Which of the following additional findings would most likely be found in this patient?? {'A': 'The presence of ash-leaf spots', 'B': 'A family history of seizures an... | D: Iris hamartomas |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator who studies virology obtains a biopsy from the ulcer base of an active genital herpes lesion for viral culture. The cultured virions, along with herpes simplex virions of a different phenotype, are cointroduced into a human epithelial cell in vitro. The progeny viruses are found to have phenotypes tha... | B: Recombination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man is rushed to the emergency room with constant, severe right lower abdominal pain that started 7 hours ago in the periumbilical region and later shifted to the right lower quadrant with a gradual increase in intensity. The patient’s blood pressure is 110/80 mm Hg, the heart rate is 76/min, the respir... | B: IL-8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a pre-operative evaluation. He is scheduled for cataract surgery in 3 weeks. His past medical history is notable for diabetes, hypertension, and severe osteoarthritis of the right knee. His medications include metformin, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, and... | A: Medically clear the patient for surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old African female refugee has been granted asylum in Stockholm, Sweden and has been living there for the past month. She arrived in Sweden with her 2-month-old infant, whom she exclusively breast feeds. Which of the following deficiencies is the infant most likely to develop?? {'A': 'Vitamin A', 'B': 'Vita... | C: Vitamin D |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her mother 30 minutes after having had a seizure. When her mother woke her up that morning, the girl's entire body stiffened and she started shaking vigorously for several minutes. Her mother also reports that over the past few months, her daughter has had ... | E: Valproate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old female complains of tingling sensation in her fingertips as well as the skin around her mouth which woke her up from sleep. She is in the postoperative floor as she just underwent a complete thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. Her temperature is 37° C (98.6° F), respirations are 15/min, pulse is... | E: Calcium replacement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year old man is brought to the emergency department by his brother after trying to jump out of a moving car. He says that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been following him for the last 7 months. He recently quit his job at a local consulting firm to work on his mission to rid the world from evil. He doe... | A: Dopamine antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is referred to a pediatric neurologist by his pediatrician for lower extremity weakness. The boy is healthy with no past medical history, but his parents began to notice that he was having difficulty at football practice the previous day. Over the course of the past 24 hours, the boy has become incr... | B: First dorsal webspace of foot |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of swelling and pain in the left leg. Two days ago, she returned from a business trip on a long-distance flight. She has alcohol use disorder. Physical examination shows a tender, swollen, and warm left calf. Serum studies show an increased homocys... | E: Decreased folate concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of increasing abdominal pain for 2 days. The pain is diffuse and constant, and she describes it as 7 out of 10 in intensity. She has also had numbness in her lower extremities for 12 hours. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus, migraine with aura, and essentia... | A: Primidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One week after undergoing sigmoidectomy with end colostomy for complicated diverticulitis, a 67-year-old man has upper abdominal pain. During the surgery, he was transfused two units of packed red blood cells. His postoperative course was uncomplicated. Two days ago, he developed fever. He is currently receiving pare... | A: Acalculous cholecystitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old comes to the physician for a routine checkup. He feels well. He has a history of hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, carotid stenosis, and mild dementia. His father had Parkinson's disease and died of a stroke at the age of 74 years. He has smoked one-half pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years b... | A: No further workup required |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of fatigue, yellow eyes, confusion, and blood in her stools. She appears ill. Her temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). Physical examination shows pain in the right upper quadrant, diffuse jaundice ... | E: Deltavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fatigue and excessive thirst. During this period, she has not been able to sleep through the night because of the frequent urge to urinate. She also urinates more than usual during the day. She drinks 4–5 liters of water and 1–2 beers daily. Sh... | D: Hydrochlorothiazide therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old G2P2 presents to her gynecologist's office with complaints of frequent hot flashes, malaise, insomnia, and mild mood swings for 2 weeks. She has also noticed some pain with intercourse and vaginal dryness during this time. She is otherwise healthy besides hyperlipidemia, controlled on atorvastatin. She ... | A: Hormonal replacement therapy with estrogen alone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife because she is worried about his unusual behavior. Two weeks ago, he was promoted and is now convinced that he will soon take over the firm. He has been working overtime at the office and spends most of his nights at parties. Whenever he comes home, he asks hi... | A: Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department for evaluation of intermittent chest pain over the past 6 months. His history reveals that he has had moderate exertional dyspnea and 2 episodes of syncope while working at his factory job. These episodes of syncope were witnessed by others and lasted roughly 30 ... | E: Transthoracic echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old male presents to the emergency department due to severe headaches and palpitations. He has had previous episodes of sweating and headache, but this episode was particularly disabling. Upon presentation, he appears pale and diaphoretic. His temperature is 99.3°F (37.4°C), blood pressure is 162/118 mmHg, ... | A: Hyperpolarization-activated, nucleotide-gated channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to the labor and delivery floor in active labor at 40 weeks gestation. She has a prolonged course but ultimately vaginally delivers an 11 pound boy. On post operative day 2, she is noted to have uterine tenderness and decreased bowel sounds. She states she has been urinating more frequent... | D: Endometritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old farmer presents to his physician with a puncture wound on his left shin. He got this wound accidentally when he felt unwell and went out to his garden "to catch some air". He reports he had been treated for tetanus 35 years ago and has received the Tdap vaccine several times since then, but he does not ... | D: The patient should receive both tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine and human tetanus immunoglobulin. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband because of difficulty sleeping for several years. She says that she has been gradually sleeping less each night over the past 2 years. It takes her 20–25 minutes to fall asleep each night and she wakes up earlier in the morning than she used to. On averag... | C: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of pain in his left groin for the past hour. The pain began soon after he returned from a walk. He describes it as 8 out of 10 in intensity and vomited once on the way to the hospital. He has had a swelling of the left groin for the past 2 months. He has chr... | C: Open surgical repair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Certain glucose transporters that are expressed predominantly on skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes are unique compared to those transporters found on other cell types within the body. Without directly affecting glucose transport in other cell types, which of the following would be most likely to selectively increa... | A: Increased levels of circulating insulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy presents to your office with facial swelling and dark urine. He has no other complaints other than a sore throat 3 weeks ago that resolved after 6 days. He is otherwise healthy, lives at home with his mother and 2 cats, has no recent history of travel ,and no sick contacts. On physical examination h... | D: RBC casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male with a history of CHF presents to the emergency room with shortness of breath, lower leg edema, and fatigue. He is diagnosed with acute decompensated congestive heart failure, was admitted to the CCU, and treated with a medication that targets beta-1 adrenergic receptors preferentially over beta-2 ... | E: Dobutamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for his first appointment. He recently was released from prison. The patient wants a checkup before he goes out and finds a job. He states that lately he has felt very fatigued and has had a cough. He has lost roughly 15 pounds over the past 3 weeks. He attribu... | A: Elevated liver enzymes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old male presents for a routine health check-up. The patient complains of reduced exercise tolerance for the past 2 years. Also, in the past year, he has noticed chest pain after climbing the stairs in his home. He has no significant past medical history or current medications. The patient reports a 45-pack... | E: Atherosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 88-year-old woman with no significant medical history is brought to the emergency room by her daughter after a fall, where the woman lightly hit her head against a wall. The patient is lucid and complains of a mild headache. The daughter indicates that her mother did not lose consciousness after the fall. On exam,... | B: Thoracic aortic aneurysm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:While explaining the effects of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia on the cardiac rhythm, a cardiologist explains that the electrophysiology of cardiac tissue is unique. He mentions that potassium ions play an important role in the electrophysiology of the heart, and the resting membrane potential of the cardiac myocytes i... | A: Inward rectifier IK1 potassium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to his dermatologist with white scaly papules and plaques on his extensor arms, elbows, knees, and shins. Scaly and flaky eruptions are also present on his ears, eyebrows, and scalp. He describes the lesions as being itchy and irritating. When the scales are scraped away, pinpoint bleeding ... | D: No tests are necessary |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents with a mass on the central part of his neck. He reports it has been growing steadily for the past 2 weeks, and he has also been experiencing fatigue and recurrent fevers. No significant past medical history. The patient denies any smoking history, or alcohol or recreational drug use. He den... | B: Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3550-g (7-lb 13-oz) male newborn is delivered at 37 weeks' gestation to a 28-year-old woman. Apgar scores are 9 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Routine neonatal screening tests show mildly elevated TSH concentrations. Ul... | A: Transplacental transmission of thyroxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of poor weight gain and irritability since delivery. He is at the 10th percentile for height and below the 5th percentile for weight. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 11.2 g/dL Mean corpuscular hemog... | E: Orotate to uridine 5'-monophosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 40-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, headaches, and fatigue. She also reports a persistent tingling sensation in her right hand and numbness in her right arm that started this morning. Physical examination shows pallor, mild scleral icterus, and petechiae ... | A: Antibodies against ADAMTS13 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the office with a 2-week history of rectal bleeding that occurs every day with her bowel movements. She denies any pain during defecation. Apart from this, she does not have any other complaints. Her past medical history is insignificant except for 5 normal vaginal deliveries. Her vitals ... | E: Hemorrhoids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician’s office with jaundice. Liver ultrasound reveals a shrunken liver and biopsy reveals cirrhosis. Hepatitis serologies are below: Anti-HAV: negative HBsAg: negative HBsAb: positive HBeAg: negative Anti-HBe: negative Anti-HBc: negative Anti-HCV: positive The hepatitis C viral loa... | E: Inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old Chinese man presents to the office with a complaint of progressive unilateral nasal obstruction for 10 months. Though he was able to tolerate his symptoms at the beginning, he can’t breathe properly through the obstructed nostril anymore. Also, a bloody nasal discharge has started recently through the o... | C: Epstein-Barr virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man is brought in to the emergency department by ambulance after his wife noticed that he began slurring his speech and had developed facial asymmetry during dinner approximately 30 minutes ago. His past medical history is remarkable for hypertension and diabetes. His temperature is 99.1°F (37.3°C), blo... | C: CT head |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician for recurrent 3–4 minutes episodes of facial grimacing and staring over the past month. He is nonresponsive during these episodes and does not remember them afterward. He recalls a muddy taste in his mouth before the onset of symptoms. One week ago, his brother witnessed a... | E: Complex partial seizure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of scientists is studying the mechanism by which the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine confers immunity. They observe that during the inoculation of test subjects, mammals with certain viral proteins result in the organism’s antigen-presenting cells (APCs) absorbing the antigen and presenting it on major his... | B: Cross-presentation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman presents with the complaints of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 5 days. She adds that she has fever and abdominal cramping as well. She had recently attended a large family picnic and describes eating many varieties of cold noodle salads. Her past medical history is insignificant. Her temperatu... | B: Replacement of fluids and electrolytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying biomolecular mechanisms in human cells. A radioactive isotope that is unable to cross into organelles is introduced into a sample of cells. The cells are then fragmented via centrifugation and the isotope-containing components are isolated. Which of the following reactions is most likely t... | D: Glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man comes to the physician for his annual health maintenance examination. The patient has no particular health concerns. He has a history of bilateral cryptorchidism treated with orchidopexy at 8 months of age. This patient is at increased risk for which of the following?? {'A': 'Teratocarcinoma', 'B': ... | A: Teratocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of dark urine, increasing abdominal pain, and a tingling sensation in her arms and legs. She has a history of epilepsy. Her current medication is phenytoin. She is nauseated and confused. Following the administration of hemin and glucose... | B: Aminolevulinate acid synthase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of fever and recurrent episodes of jerky movements of his extremities for the past 6 hours. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, and development was normal until the age of 1 year. The parents report that he has had gradual loss of s... | E: β-Galactocerebrosidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An obese, 66-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She feels well but is unhappy about being overweight. She reports that she feels out of breath when walking for more than one block and while climbing stairs. She has tried to lose weight for several years without success... | B: Exenatide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One month ago, therapy with lisinopril was initiated for treatment of hypertension. His blood pressure is 136/86 mm Hg. Urinalysis shows a creatinine clearance of 92 mL/min. The patient's serum creatinine concentration is most likely closest to whi... | D: 1.1 mg/dL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with complaints of intermittent bouts of lower abdominal and pelvic pain over the last week. The pain is primarily localized to the right side and is non-radiating. The patient is not sexually active at this time and is not currently under any medication. At th... | A: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, comes to the physician for her initial prenatal visit at 18 weeks’ gestation. She is a recent immigrant from Thailand. Her history is significant for anemia since childhood that has not required any treatment. Her mother and husband have anemia, as well. She has no history of s... | C: Intrauterine fetal demise |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing blurring of vision in both eyes. She says that the blurring has made it difficult to read, although she has noticed that she can read a little better if she holds the book below or above eye level. She also requires a bright light to look at objects. Sh... | E: Age-related macular degeneration " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman presents with esophageal varices, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and recent onset confusion. The patient’s husband does not recall her past medical history but knows her current medications and states that she is quite disciplined about taking them. Current medic... | D: Abdominal paracentesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 8 hours after the sudden onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. She has cystic fibrosis and, during the past year, has had 4 respiratory exacerbations that have required hospitalization. Current medications include an inhaled bronchodilator, a... | D: Apical subpleural cyst |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old diabetic woman is brought to the emergency department with the complaint of multiple bouts of abdominal pain in the last 24 hours. She says that the pain is dull aching in nature, radiates to the back, and worsens with meals. She also complains of nausea and occasional vomiting. She has been hospitalize... | C: Pancreatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of wet gangrene on her right leg. Two days after admission, she becomes increasingly confused and tachypneic. She is intubated and ventilatory support is initiated. Her temperature is 39.6°C (102.5°F), pulse is 127/min, and blood pressure is 83/47 mm Hg. The ve... | E: Fluid in the alveolar space |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old florist presents to his family physician with nodular lesions on his right hand and forearm. He explains that he got pricked by a rose thorn on his right "pointer finger" where the first lesions appeared, and the other lesions then began to appear in an ascending manner. The physician prescribed a medic... | A: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to the physician’s office with vaginal bleeding. The bleeding started as a spotting and has increased and has become persistent over the last month. The patient is G3P1 with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She completed menopause 4 years ago. She took ... | C: Endometrial biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A student is reviewing the various effects that can be plotted on a dose-response curve. He has observed that certain drugs can work as an agonist and an antagonist at a particular site. He has plotted a particular graph (as shown below) and is checking for other responses that can be measured on the same graph. He l... | B: Non-competitive antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are seeing a patient in clinic who recently started treatment for active tuberculosis. The patient is currently being treated with rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The patient is not used to taking medicines and is very concerned about side effects. Specifically regarding the carbohydrate polyme... | D: Vision loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man visits his primary care physician for a routine health maintenance examination. During the examination, he expresses concerns about not wanting to become a father. He has been sexually active and monogamous with his wife for the past 5 years, and they inconsistently use condoms for contraception. He... | B: Explain the procedure's benefits, alternatives, and potential complications |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife 20 minutes after she witnessed him vigorously shaking for about 1 minute. During this episode, he urinated on himself. He feels drowsy and has nausea. He has a history of chronic alcoholism; he has been drinking 15 beers daily for the past 3 days. B... | D: Osmotic myelinolysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man presents early in the morning to the emergency department with a burning sensation in his chest. He describes a crushing feeling below the sternum and reports some neck pain on the left side. Furthermore, he complains of difficulty breathing. Late last night, he had come home and had eaten a family ... | E: Fourth heart sound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old man is brought to the emergency room because of one episode of hemoptysis. His pulse is 110/min. Physical examination shows pallor; there is blood in the oral cavity. Examination of the nasal cavity with a nasal speculum shows active bleeding from the posterior nasal cavity. Tamponade with a balloon cat... | E: Maxillary artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying how arachidonic acid metabolites mediate the inflammatory response in rats. She has developed multiple enzyme inhibitors that specifically target individual proteins in the arachidonic acid pathway. She injects these inhibitors in rats who have been exposed to common bacterial pathogens and a... | E: Interleukin 8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and a sensation of choking. The symptoms usually resolve with deep breathing exercises after about 5 minutes. He now avoids going to his graduate school classes because he is worried about having a... | A: Diphenhydramine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl with a BMI of 14.5 kg/m2 is admitted to the hospital for the treatment of anorexia nervosa. The patient is administered intravenous fluids and is supplied with 1,600 calories daily with an increase of 200 calories each day. On day 5 of treatment, the patient manifests symptoms of weakness and confu... | D: Hypophosphatemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after being involved in a rear-end collision, in which she was the restrained driver of the back car. On arrival, she is alert and active. She reports pain in both knees and severe pain over the right groin. Temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 116/min, res... | D: Posterior hip dislocation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying human genetics and cell division. A molecule is used to inhibit the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. Which of the following phases of the cell cycle does the molecule target?? {'A': 'Telophase I', 'B': 'Metaphase II', 'C': 'Prophase II', 'D': 'Prophase I', 'E': ... | D: Prophase I |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying neuronal regeneration. For microscopic visualization of the neuron, an aniline stain is applied. After staining, only the soma and dendrites of the neurons are visualized, not the axon. Presence of which of the following cellular elements best explains this staining pattern?? {'A': 'Microt... | E: Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman presents to a surgeon with a painless, slowly growing ulcer in the periauricular region for the last 2 months. On physical examination, there is an irregular-shaped ulcer, 2 cm x 1 cm in its dimensions, with irregular margins and crusting over the surface. The woman is a fair-skinned individual wh... | A: Intrastrand cross-linking of thymidine residues in DNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the physician with profuse watery diarrhea along with fever and crampy abdominal pain. He has been taking an antibiotic course of cefixime for about a week to treat a respiratory tract infection. At the doctor’s office, his pulse is 112/min, the blood pressure is 100/66 mm Hg, the respir... | A: Identification of C. difficile toxin in stool |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fever and easy bruising for 3 days. He has had fatigue for 2 weeks. He has no past medical history, and takes no medications. Excessive bleeding from intravenous lines was reported by the nurse. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. The temperature is 38.2°C (... | A: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. She was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery and is exclusively breastfed. She weighed 3,400 g (7 lb 8 oz) at birth. At the physician's office, she appears well. Her pulse is 136/min, the respirations are 41/min, and the bl... | D: Smiles in response to face |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old female comes in with several months of unintentional weight loss, epigastric pain, and a sensation of abdominal pressure. She has diabetes well-controlled on metformin but no other prior medical history. She has not previously had any surgeries. On physical exam, her doctor notices brown velvety areas o... | A: Cells with central mucin pool |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by ambulance, accompanied by his kindergarten teacher. Emergency department staff attempt to call his parents, but they cannot be reached. The boy’s medical history is unknown. According to his teacher, the boy was eating in the cafeteria with friends when he suddenly... | B: Immediately administer epinephrine and sedate and intubate the patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He was born at 38 weeks' gestation and was 48 cm (19 in) in length and weighed 3061 g (6 lb 12 oz); he is currently 60 cm (24 in) in length and weighs 7,910 g (17 lb 7 oz). He can walk with one hand held and can throw a small ball. He can pi... | C: Growth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and vaginal spotting. She denies diarrhea, constipation, or blood in the stool. The medical history is unremarkable. She does not use tobacco or drink alcohol. She is sexually active with her husband and uses an IUD for ... | B: Positive urinary beta-HCG and no intrauterine mass |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was brought into the emergency department by his wife after she observed him go without sleep for several days and recently open and max out several credit cards. She also reports that he has quit his bartending job and has be... | A: Valproic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of a 1-month history of dull lower abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Pelvic ultrasonography shows bilateral ovarian enlargement and free fluid in the rectouterine pouch. Biopsy ... | D: Gastric wall thickening |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man presents to the clinic with complaints of right wrist pain for 2 days. On examination, redness and swelling were noted on the dorsal aspect of his right wrist. He had pain with extreme range of motion of the wrist. His history includes 2 hip replacements, 2 previous episodes of gout in both first me... | A: IL-1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators have conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of adding a novel adenosine A1 receptor agonist to the standard anti-epileptic treatment in reducing the frequency of focal seizures. It was found that patients taking the combination regimen (n = 200) had a lower seizure fre... | B: Chi-square test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old male presents to your office with nodular skin lesions that progress from his right hand to right shoulder. The patient reports that the initial lesion, currently necrotic and ulcerative, developed from an injury he received while weeding his shrubs a couple weeks earlier. The patient denies symptoms of... | D: Ascending lymphangitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old Latin American woman with no significant past medical history or family history presents to her pediatrician with concerns about several long-standing skin lesions. She notes that she has had a light-colored rash on her chest and abdomen that has been present for the last 2 years. The blood pressure is ... | A: Malassezia yeast |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency room complaining of severe diarrhea. He recently returned from a business trip to Bangladesh. Since returning, he has experienced several loose bloody stools per day that are accompanied by abdominal cramping and occasional nausea and vomiting. His temperature is 101.7°F (... | E: Inhibition of 60S ribosomal subunit |
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