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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 80-year-old woman seeks evaluation at an outpatient clinic for a firm nodular lump on the left side of her labia. The medical history is notable for hypertension, coronary artery disease status post CABG, and lichen sclerosus of the vagina that was treated with an over-the-counter steroid cream as needed. She firs... | D: Vulvar punch biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old male is hospitalized for bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain after meals. Endoscopic work-up and CT scan lead the attending physician to diagnose ischemic colitis at the splenic flexure. Which of the following would most likely predispose this patient to ischemic colitis:? {'A': 'Increased splanchnic blo... | C: Obstruction of the abdominal aorta following surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days following the home birth of her son, a mother brings the infant to the pediatric emergency room because of bilious vomiting. He is unable to pass meconium and his abdomen is distended. Endoscopic biopsy of the proximal colon demonstrates an absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s plexi in the bowel wall. Which ... | A: Hirschsprung’s disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of increasing fatigue and reduced libido. He also complains of joint pain in both of his hands. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows tanned skin and small testes. The second and third metacarpophalangeal joints of bo... | B: Restrictive cardiomyopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A general surgery intern is paged to the bedside of a 59-year-old male who underwent a successful sigmoidectomy for treatment of recurrent diverticulitis. The patient's nurse just recorded a temperature of 38.7 C, and relates that the patient is complaining of chills. The surgery was completed 8 hours ago and was com... | B: Monitor patient and administer acetaminophen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents to the emergency department with anxiety. The patient states that he is very anxious and has not been able to take his home anxiety medications. He is requesting to have his home medications administered. The patient has a past medical history of anxiety and depression. His current medicati... | A: Diazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old female returning from a trip to a developing country presents with diarrhea and pain in the abdominal region. Microscopic evaluation of the stool reveals the presence of RBC's and WBC's. The patient reports poor sewage sanitation in the region she visited. The physician suspects a bacterial infection a... | A: Inhibit the 60S ribosome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man with a recent diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease currently treated with an oral proton pump inhibitor twice daily presents to the urgent care center complaining of acute abdominal pain which began suddenly less than 2 hours ago. On physical exam, you find his abdomen to be mildly distended, diffusely... | B: Urgent CT abdomen and pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old male presents to the emergency room following an altercation with patrons at a local grocery store. He is acting aggressively toward hospital staff and appears to be speaking to non-existent individuals. On examination he is tachycardic and diaphoretic. Horizontal and vertical nystagmus is noted. The pa... | E: NMDA receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old female presents to her primary care provider complaining of pain and stiffness in her hands and knees. She reports that the stiffness is worse in the morning and appears to get better throughout the day. She is otherwise healthy and denies any recent illness. She does not play sports. On examination, he... | E: Synovial hypertrophy and pannus formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents for severe abdominal pain and is diagnosed with appendicitis. He is taken for emergent appendectomy. During the procedure, the patient has massive and persistent bleeding requiring a blood transfusion. The preoperative laboratory studies showed a normal bleeding time, normal prothrombin tim... | A: Hemophilia A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of high-grade fever, headache, and nausea for 3 days. She avoids looking at any light source because this aggravates her headache. She has acute lymphoblastic leukemia and her last chemotherapy cycle was 2 weeks ago. She appears lethargic. Her tempera... | C: Antibiotic therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to a new primary care provider complaining of fatigue and occasional fever over the last month. These symptoms are starting to affect his job and he would like treatment. The physician runs a standard metabolic panel that shows elevated AST and ALT. The patient is then tested for hepatitis ... | A: Hemolytic anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old immigrant presents with unintentional weight loss, sleep hyperhidrosis, and a persistent cough. He says these symptoms have been present for quite some time. Upon imaging, many granulomas in the upper lobes are present. It is noted that these apical granulomas have centers of necrosis that appear cheese... | D: CD14 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman comes to the emergency room because of fever and severe left knee pain for the past week. She has not sustained any trauma or injury to the area, nor has she traveled or taken part in outdoor activities in the recent past. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they use condoms inconsis... | C: Intramuscular ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents with restlessness and an inability to sit or lie down for the past 2 days. Past medical history is significant for schizophrenia, diagnosed 3 weeks ago and managed medically. Vital signs are a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg and a pulse of 96/min. On physical examination, the patient is fidg... | E: Akathisia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In a previous experiment infecting hepatocytes, it was shown that viable HDV virions were only produced in the presence of a co-infection with HBV. To better understand which HBV particle was necessary for the production of viable HDV virions, the scientist encoded in separate plasmids the various antigens/proteins o... | A: HBsAg |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a routine check-up. Physical examination demonstrates asymmetric peripheral neuropathy in her feet. The patient has no previous relevant history and denies any symptoms of diabetes. Routine blood work shows normal results, and she is referred to a hematol... | B: Multiple myeloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he is increasingly troubled by a tremor in his hands. He says that the tremor is worse when he is resting and gets better when he reaches for objects. His wife reports that he has been slowing in his movements and also has difficulty starting to walk. H... | A: Alpha-synuclein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department while on vacation with a history of sudden onset vertigo and difficulty walking. He was in normal health since starting his vacation a week ago, but today he is suffering from a loss of balance, mild headache, and has had 5–6 episodes of vomiting over the last ... | B: Inability to perform repetitive alternating movements |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents with painless swelling of the neck over the past week. He also has noted severe night sweats, which require a change of clothes and bed linens the next day. His medical history is significant for long-standing hypertension. He received a kidney transplant 6 years ago. His current medication... | E: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his neighbor 2 hours after ingesting an unknown substance in a suicide attempt. He is confused and unable to provide further history. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F), pulse is 124/min, respiratory rate is 12/min, and blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. His s... | B: Physostigmine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for his yearly exam. His past medical history is significant for osteopenia, nephrolithiasis, and hypertension. His family history is significant for relatives who had early onset kidney failure. He takes occasional acetaminophen and supplemental calcium/vitam... | C: Normal aging |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of fatigue, mild headache, and discomfort with chewing for roughly 1 week. Before this, he felt well overall, but now is he is quite bothered by these symptoms. His medical history is notable for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, both controlled. On e... | B: Blindness |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-month-old boy is brought to the clinic for evaluation of a rash. The rash started on the face and spread to the trunk. He also had a fever and cough for the past 2 days. His mother says that they recently immigrated from Asia and cannot provide vaccination records. The physical examination reveals a maculopapula... | E: ssRNA enveloped viruses |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G1P0 woman at 26 weeks gestation presents to the clinic for evaluation of an abnormal glucose tolerance test. She denies any symptoms, but states that she was given 50 g of oral glucose 1 week earlier and demonstrated a subsequent venous plasma glucose level of 156 mg/dL 1 hour later. The vital signs ar... | B: Administer an oral, 3-hour 100 g glucose dose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn of a mother with poor antenatal care is found to have a larger than normal head circumference with bulging fontanelles. Physical examination reveals a predominant downward gaze with marked eyelid retraction and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Ultrasound examination showed dilated lateral ventricles and a ... | D: Compression of periaqueductal grey matter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of a progressive swelling and pain in his right ring finger for the past 2 days. The pain began while playing football, when his finger got caught in the jersey of another player who forcefully pulled away. Examination shows that the right ring finger is extended. Ther... | A: Rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon at its point of insertion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine checkup. He has had a progressively increasing swelling on the nape of his neck for 2 months. He does not have a fever or any discharge from the swelling. He underwent a colectomy for colon cancer at the age of 43 years. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertens... | B: Epidermoid cyst |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, chills, headache, and fatigue. He appears ill. His temperature is 39°C (102.2°F). Analysis of nasal secretions shows infection with an enveloped, single-stranded segmented RNA virus. In response to infection with this pathogen, certain cell... | B: The molecule consists of a heavy chain associated with β2 microglobulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old female, being treated on the medical floor for community-acquired pneumonia with levofloxacin, develops watery diarrhea. She reports at least 9 episodes of diarrhea within the last two days, with lower abdominal discomfort and cramping. Her temperature is 98.6° F (37° C), respiratory rate is 15/min, pul... | B: C. difficile colitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl presents to her primary care physician for a routine check-up. The physician allows the medical student to perform a physical examination. The medical student notes hearing impairment as well as the findings show in Figures A and B. Radiographs show indications of multiple old fractures of the humer... | C: Deficiency of type 1 collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man comes to the physician because of abdominal pain and foul-smelling, watery diarrhea for several days. He has not had nausea, vomiting, or blood in the stool. He has a history of alcohol use disorder and recently completed a 7-day course of clindamycin for pneumonia. He has not traveled out of the Un... | D: Clostridioides difficile cytotoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy presents to the clinic because of monosymptomatic enuresis for the past month. Urinalysis, detailed patient history, and fluid intake, stool, and voiding diary from a previous visit all show no abnormalities. The parent and child are referred for education and behavioral therapy. Enuresis decreases b... | C: Enuresis alarm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old homeless woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 30 minutes after the police found her on the sidewalk. On arrival, she is unresponsive. Her pulse is 76/min, respirations are 6/min, and blood pressure is 110/78 mm Hg. Examination shows cool, dry skin. The pupils are pinpoint and react ... | C: μ-receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An infectious disease investigator is evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of a new interferon-gamma-based assay for diagnosing tuberculosis in patients who have previously received a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Consenting participants with a history of BCG vaccination received an interferon-gamma assay and... | B: 90/100 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Several patients at a local US hospital present with chronic secretory diarrhea. Although there are multiple potential causes of diarrhea present in these patients, which of the following is most likely the common cause of their chronic secretory diarrhea?? {'A': 'Lymphocytic colitis', 'B': 'Medications', 'C': 'Lacto... | B: Medications |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman with sickle cell disease and at 39-weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department in active labor. She has had multiple episodes of acute chest syndrome and has required several transfusions in the past. She has a prolonged vaginal delivery complicated by postpartum bleeding, and she rece... | C: Positive direct Coombs test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old man is brought by his mother to his pediatrician in order to complete medical clearance forms prior to attending college. During the visit, his mother asks about what health risks he should be aware of in college. Specifically, she recently saw on the news that some college students were killed by a fat... | E: More of them die from homicide than cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-month old boy, born to immigrant parents from Greece, presents to the hospital with pallor and abdominal distention. His parents note that they recently moved into an old apartment building and have been concerned about their son's exposure to chipped paint from the walls. On physical exam, the patient is found t... | C: Microcytosis and hypochromasia of erythrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressively worsening lower back pain. The pain radiates down the right leg to the lateral side of the foot. She has had no trauma, urinary incontinence, or fever. An MRI of the lumbar spine shows disc degeneration and herniation at the level of L5–S1. Which of ... | D: Weak achilles tendon reflex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of progressive pain and stiffness of the fingers of her right hand that is worse at the end of the day. She works as a hair dresser and has to take frequent breaks to rest her hand. She has hypertension, for which she takes hydrochlorothiazide. T... | D: Degenerative disease of the joints |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to his dermatologist because of severe stomatitis and superficial skin erosions over his trunk. His condition started 2 months ago and was unresponsive to oral antibiotics and antiherpetic medications. He has no history of a similar rash. His medical history is remarkable for type 2 diabete... | D: Anti-desmoglein-3 antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for a routine check-up. He reports that he is doing well overall without any bothersome symptoms. His past medical history is significant only for hypertension, which has been well controlled with losartan. Vital signs are as follows: T 37.0 C, HR 80, BP 128/7... | C: Secondary prevention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of pain in the center of his chest that is radiating down his left arm and up the left side of his neck. The pain started suddenly 30 minutes ago while the patient was at work. The patient describes the pain as squeezing in nature, 10/10 in intensity, and... | B: Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery with rupture of a papillary muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old African American female presents to your office with extreme fatigue and bilateral joint pain. Serologies demonstrate the presence of rheumatoid factor along with anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies. A VDRL syphilis test is positive. You order a coagulation profile, which reveals normal bleeding time, ... | D: History of multiple spontaneous abortions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of fever, chills, and dyspnea. His temperature is 38.9°C (102°F) and pulse is 90/min. Cardiac examination shows a murmur. In addition to other measures, cardiac catheterization is performed. A graph showing the results of the catheterization is shown... | D: Aortic regurgitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a painful skin lesion on her right leg for 1 month. It initially started out as a small red spot but has rapidly increased in size during this period. She remembers an ant bite on her leg prior to the lesion occurring. She was treated for anterior uveitis 8 months... | B: Pyoderma gangrenosum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A primary care physician is recently receiving more negative online reviews from his patients. He is increasingly feeling tired and has written 2 wrong prescriptions over the past month alone. Currently, on his panel, he has a list of 1,051 patients, half of whom are geriatric patients. He spends approx. 51 hours per... | B: Excessive bureaucratic tasks |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old Caucasian woman is enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to study cardiac function in the setting of several different drugs. She is started on verapamil and instructed to exercise at 50% of her VO2 max while several cardiac parameters are being measured. During this experiment, which of the followi... | D: Purkinje fibers > atria > ventricles > AV node |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy comes to the physician because of a generalized rash for 3 days. Over the past 5 days, he has also had a high fever and a sore throat. His 16-year-old sister was treated for infectious mononucleosis 2 weeks ago. He returned from a summer camp a week ago. His immunizations are up-to-date. Three years ... | D: Azithromycin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a swelling on her neck for 5 months. It has gradually enlarged in size and is mildly painful. She has also had intermittent episodes of throbbing headache, sweating, and palpitations over the past 3 months. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last for 4–5... | E: Increased plasma metanephrines |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G3P1 woman who is at 37 weeks of gestation is brought into the emergency department by her husband after repeated twitching. According to the husband, they were watching TV when she suddenly became unresponsive and her hands and legs started shaking. The episode lasted about 5 minutes and she “seemed to... | E: Intravenous magnesium sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man was picked up by the security personnel for voiding urine and defecating at an inappropriate place in the community. On questioning, he was making offensive remarks and behaving inappropriately. On physical examination, the physician observed an ataxic gait and amnesia. Initial urine drug screen is ... | D: Pick bodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man undergoes an exercise stress test for a 1-week history of squeezing substernal chest pain that is aggravated by exercise and relieved by rest. During the test, there is a substantial increase in the breakdown of glycogen in the muscle cells. Which of the following changes best explains this intracel... | B: Activation of phosphorylase kinase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents to the general practitioner with a skin rash that has been present for 2 days. The rash appeared suddenly and has progressively gotten worse. It started off as an erythematous lesion on the back of his hands and also over his nose. The lesions over his hands have become bullous and tense. H... | A: Uroporphyrinogen III |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 38 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding for the past hour. The patient reports that she felt contractions prior to the onset of the bleeding, but the contractions stopped after the bleeding started. She also has severe abdominal pain... | C: Uterine rupture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents for difficulty breathing. He was playing outside in the snow and had progressive onset of wheezing and gasping. His history is notable for eczema and nut allergies. The patient has respirations of 22/min and is leaning forward with his hands on hi... | C: Cyclic AMP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old male with history of coronary artery disease, status post coronary stent placement currently on aspirin and clopidogrel was found down in his bathroom by his wife. His GCS score was 3 and an accurate physical exam is limited. A stat non-contrast CT scan of his brain demonstrated a large right parietal i... | D: Low, Low, High, High |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One month ago, she was diagnosed with carcinoma of the left breast. She underwent a lumpectomy for a 2.1-cm mass and sentinel lymph node biopsy 2 weeks ago. The biopsy of the breast mass showed margin-free invasive ductal carcinoma; immunohistoch... | A: Echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three weeks after birth, an infant girl develops episodes of apnea. She has become increasingly lethargic over the past two days, and experienced two episodes of apnea lasting 10 seconds each within the last day. She was born at 31 weeks of gestation and weighed 1600-g (3-lb 8-oz). Apgar scores were 4 and 7 at 1 and ... | E: Impaired erythropoietin production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to the physician with a 6-month history of progressive shortness of breath. She now has to stop to rest three or four times whenever she climbs the stairs to her apartment on the third floor. She reports chronic, nonproductive cough and wheezing, for which she uses ipratropium inhalers. S... | B: Decreased diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is brought to a psychiatrist by his mother who is concerned that he has become increasingly distant. When asked, he says that he is no longer going out because he is afraid of going outside by himself. He says that ever since he was a teenager, he was uncomfortable in large crowds and on public tran... | B: Dependent |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents with sudden-onset pain in her lower back. She says she was exercising in the gym several hours ago when she felt a sharp pain. The pain is radiating down the side of her leg and into her foot. On physical exam, her vital signs are as follows: HR 95, BP 120/70, T 37.2 degrees C. She has ex... | A: Disc herniation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man with AIDS comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of decreasing vision and seeing black spots in his right eye. He has no pain and the left eye is asymptomatic. He was treated for fungal esophagitis 6 months ago with fluconazole. He was diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma 2 years ago. Current ... | A: Cytomegalovirus retinitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year old man comes to the physician because of a painless neck lump and a 2-month history of difficulty swallowing. He has a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis and episodic hypertension. Physical examination shows a 3 × 3-cm, nontender nodule at the level of the thyroid cartilage. A photomicrograph of a sectio... | E: Medullary carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of increasing pain and swelling of his right knee for 12 days. He has had episodes of pain with urination for 3 weeks. He had a painful, swollen left ankle joint that resolved without treatment one week ago. His mother has rheumatoid arthritis. He is sexually acti... | D: Reactive arthritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care provider to discuss the frequency with which he wakes up at night to urinate. He avoids drinking liquids at night, but the symptoms have progressively worsened. The medical history is significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He takes lisinopril, atorvastatin, and... | B: Finasteride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of a skin lesion on his chest. He first noticed the lesion 2 months ago and thinks that it has increased in size since then. The lesion is not painful or pruritic. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and glaucoma. The patient has smoked 1 ... | A: Malignant melanoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A case-control study looking to study the relationship between infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and having multiple sexual partners was conducted in the United States. A total of 100 women with newly diagnosed chlamydial infection visiting an outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs... | E: Reporting bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after being bitten by a rattlesnake. He was hiking in the Arizona desert when he accidentally stepped on the snake and it bit his right leg. His pulse is 135/min and blood pressure is 104/81 mm Hg. Examination shows right lower leg swelling, ecchymosis,... | D: Superficial peroneal nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman visits the clinic with chronic diarrhea on most days for the past four months. She also complains of lower abdominal discomfort and cramping, which is relieved by episodes of diarrhea. She denies any recent change in her weight. Bowel movements are preceded by a sensation of urgency, associated wi... | A: Irritable bowel syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a persistent and low grade headache as well as trouble focusing. The patient was seen in the emergency department 3 days ago after hitting his head on a branch while biking under the influence of alcohol. His head CT at the time was normal, and the patient ... | D: Rest and primary care follow up |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:While playing the catcher position in baseball, a 27-year-old male sustained a blow to his left testes which required surgical removal. Upon awakening from anesthesia, he jokes to his wife that he is now half the man that she once knew. Which of the following scenarios is a similar ego defense as the one above?? {'A'... | E: A recently divorced man states he will finally be able to watch a football game without nagging |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man comes to the physician because of severe muscle pain and fever for 4 days. He likes to go hunting and consumed bear meat 1 month ago. Examination shows periorbital edema and generalized muscle tenderness. His leukocyte count is 12,000/mm3 with 19% eosinophils. The release of major basic protein in r... | E: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old patient with a history of COPD and open-angle glaucoma in the left eye has had uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) for the last few months. She is currently using latanoprost eye drops. Her ophthalmologist adds another eye drop to her regimen to further decrease her IOP. A week later, the patient re... | C: Opening the canal of Schlemm by contracting the ciliary muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents to the clinic with a 10-day history of a sore throat and fever. He has a past medical history significant for ulcerative colitis and chronic lower back pain. He smokes at least 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 10 years. The father of the patient died of colon cancer at the age of 50. He takes... | D: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient with HCC and a long history of alcohol dependence and chronic hepatitis C has been using the mTOR inhibitor Metalimus 100 mg for cancer treatment. Her cancer has shown a partial response. She also has a history of hypertension and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic retinopath... | B: The patient is not a good candidate for Noxbinle due to her history of diabetes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old G4P2 at 35 weeks gestation presents to the hospital after she noticed that "her water broke." Her prenatal course is unremarkable, but her obstetric history includes postpartum hemorrhage after her third pregnancy, attributed to a retained placenta. The patient undergoes augmentation of labor with oxyto... | B: Hemorrhagic shock |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old nulliparous woman with no significant medical history presents to your office with shortness of breath and increased abdominal girth over the past month. The initial assessment demonstrates that the patient has a right-sided hydrothorax, ascites, and a large ovarian mass. Surgery is performed to remove ... | D: Meigs syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has a 2-month history of increasing generalized fatigue and severe pruritus. He has hypertension and ulcerative colitis which was diagnosed via colonoscopy 5 years ago. Current medications include lisinopril and rectal mesalamine. He is sexually... | B: Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after losing consciousness at her nursing home. She had been watching TV for several hours and while getting up to use the bathroom, she fell and was unconscious for several seconds. She felt dizzy shortly before the fall. She does not have a headache or any... | C: Elevated blood urea nitrogen concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 10-month history of nonbloody diarrhea and recurrent episodes of flushing and wheezing. She does not take any medications. Physical examination shows a hyperpigmented rash around the base of her neck. Cardiac examination shows a grade 4/6, holosystolic murmur in... | B: Tumor in the lung without metastasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother with fever and a rash. The patient’s mother says his symptoms started 1 week ago with the acute onset of fever and a runny nose, which resolved over the next 3 days. Then, 4 days later, she noted a rash on his face, which, after a day, spread to his neck, torso,... | E: ELISA for parvovirus B-19 IgM and IgG antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to her physician’s office complaining of a worsening cough with large volumes of mucoid sputum in her phlegm every morning and thickened foul smell sputum almost every time she coughs. She says that this cough started about one month ago and has been increasing in intensity. Over the coun... | E: Intravenous ciprofloxacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for a change in his behavior. The patient has been breastfeeding up until this point and has been meeting his developmental milestones. He is in the 90th percentile for weight and 89th percentile for height. This past week, the patient has been lethargic, vomiting, and... | A: Aldolase B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for severe malnutrition with a BMI of 15 kg/m2. Past medical history is significant for chronic anorexia nervosa. During the course of her stay, she is treated with parenteral fluids and nutrition management. On the 4th day, her status changes. Her blood pressure is 110... | C: Measure electrolytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of fatigue, fever, and chills. For the past 9 months, he has had hand pain and stiffness that has progressively worsened. He started a new medication for these symptoms 3 months ago. Medications used prior to that included ibuprofen, prednisone, and ... | D: Leucovorin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question An ECG is most likely to show which of the following findings in this patient?" "Patient Information Age: 64 years Gender: F, self-identified Ethnicity: unspecified Site of Care: emergency department History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “My chest hurts, esp... | B: Diffuse, concave ST-segment elevations |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a follow-up appointment. He has a seizure disorder treated with valproic acid. He has always had difficulties with his schoolwork. He was able to walk independently at the age of 2 years and was able to use a fork and spoon at the age of 3 years. Ophthalmic examinatio... | C: Pheochromocytoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of diarrhea. She states that it has been going on for the past month and started after she ate a burger cooked over a campfire. She endorses having lost 10 pounds during this time. The patient has no other complaints other than hoarsene... | C: Episodic hypertension and headaches |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old female presents to her OB/GYN for a check-up. During her visit, a pelvic exam and Pap smear are performed. The patient does not have any past medical issues and has had routine gynecologic care with normal pap smears every 3 years since age 21. The results of the Pap smear demonstrate atypical squamous ... | C: Perform an HPV DNA test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of progressive difficulty climbing stairs over the last 2 years. During this period, he has also had problems with running, occasional falls, and standing from a chair. He has not had any vision problems or muscle cramping. There is no personal or family his... | E: Genetic analysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old man presents with fever and joint pain for the last 3 days. His mother says that he had a sore throat 3 weeks ago but did not seek medical care at that time. The family immigrated from the Middle East 3 years ago. The patient has no past medical history. The current illness started with a fever and a s... | E: Positive anti-streptococcal serology |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman is referred by her radiation oncologist to the medical genetics clinic. She was recently diagnosed with an infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. She has a previous history of colonic polyps for which she undergoes bi-annual colonoscopy. The maternal and paternal family history is unremarkab... | E: Hamartomatous polyp |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a 5-month history of worsening bladder discomfort. Her discomfort is relieved by voiding. She voids 10–15 times per day and wakes up 2–3 times per night to void. She has not had any involuntary loss of urine. She has tried cutting down on fluids and taki... | C: Interstitial cystitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with a 2-month history of insidious onset of left shoulder pain. It only occurs at the extremes of her range of motion and has made it difficult to sleep on the affected side. She has noticed increasing difficulty with activities of daily living, including bru... | B: Adhesive capsulitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of right-sided back pain, red urine, and weight loss for the last 4 months. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years. A CT scan of the abdomen shows a large right-sided renal mass. Biopsy of the mass shows polygonal clear cells filled with lipids. Which ... | C: Degree of mitotic activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 46-year-old woman comes to her physician because of an itchy rash on her legs. She denies any recent trauma, insect bites, or travel. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the oral cavity shows white lace-like lines on the buccal mucosa. A photograph of the rash is shown. A bio... | C: Lymphocytes at the dermoepidermal junction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old female presents to the emergency room with mental status changes. Laboratory analysis of the patient's serum shows: Na 122 mEq/L K 3.9 mEq/L HCO3 24 mEq/L BUN 21 mg/dL Cr 0.9 mg/dL Ca 8.5 mg/dL Glu 105 mg/dL Urinalysis shows: Osmolality 334 mOsm/kg Na 45 mEq/L Glu 0 mg/dL Which of the following is the m... | E: Lung cancer |
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