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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:On the 4th day of hospital admission due to pneumonia, a 69-year-old woman develops non-bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. She is currently treated with ceftriaxone. Despite the resolution of fever after the first 2 days of admission, her temperature is now 38.5°C (101.3°F). On physical examination, she has mild gen... | E: Stool culture for bacterial isolation and toxin presence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. Since infancy, he has frequently had large-volume stools that are loose and greasy. He was treated for otitis media twice in the past year. He has a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections since birth. He is at the 5th percentile for... | C: CFTR gene mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old woman is brought to her primary care provider by her daughter with behavioral changes and an abnormally bad memory for the past few months. The patient’s daughter says she sometimes gets angry and aggressive while at other times she seems lost and stares at her surroundings. Her daughter also reports th... | D: Lewy body dementia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man comes to the physician because of severe, shooting pain in his lower back for the past 2 weeks. The pain radiates down the back of both legs and started after he lifted a concrete manhole cover from the ground. Physical examination shows decreased sensation to light touch bilaterally over the latera... | D: Herniation of nucleus pulposus into vertebral canal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old patient with a past medical history of anxiety and appropriately treated schizophrenia presents to the emergency department for a first time seizure. The patient was at home eating dinner when he began moving abnormally and did not respond to his mother, prompting her to bring him in. His symptoms persi... | D: P450 induction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of difficulty swallowing, a foreign body sensation at the back of his throat, and trouble breathing at night. He has just recovered from an upper respiratory tract infection that began 5 days ago. On questioning, he reports that he has had similar s... | C: Arrested endodermal migration from pharyngeal floor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 44-year-old man is brought by his coworkers to the emergency department 45 minutes after he became light-headed and collapsed while working in the boiler room of a factory. He did not lose consciousness. His coworkers report that 30 minutes prior to collapsing, he told them he was nauseous and ha... | D: Ice water immersion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male anesthesiologist presents to the occupational health clinic after a needlestick exposure while obtaining an arterial line in a patient with cirrhosis. In addition to a standard bloodborne pathogen laboratory panel sent for all needlestick exposures at his hospital, additional hepatitis panels are o... | C: Immune due to infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman presents to her physician with a cough and shortness of breath. She says that cough gets worse at night and her shortness of breath occurs with moderate exertion or when lying flat. She says these symptoms have been getting worse over the last 6 months. She mentions that she has to use 3 pillows w... | C: Ventricular hypertrophy with sarcomeres duplicated in parallel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 2-hour history of sharp chest pain. She says that the pain is worse when she inhales and is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward. Her past medical history is significant for rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction status post coronary artery by... | A: Malignancy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four days after admission to the hospital for anorexia nervosa, a 20-year-old woman has new-onset palpitations and paresthesias in all four limbs. Prior to admission, she was found unconscious by her parents on the floor of a residential treatment center. The patient was started on a trial of nutritional rehabilitati... | D: Increased insulin release |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of pain in his left wrist. That morning the pain increased and he started to have chills and malaise. Last week he had self-resolving left knee pain. He is otherwise healthy and has not had any trauma to the wrist. He recently returned fro... | D: Disseminated gonococcal infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man with obesity and heart disease presents to your outpatient clinic with complaints of orthopnea, significant dyspnea on minimal exertion, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. He says that his old doctor gave him "some pills" that he takes in varying amounts every morning. Physical exam is significant for ... | A: Digoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old African-American boy presents to his physician with fatigue, bone and abdominal pain, and mild jaundice. The pain is dull and remitting, and the patient complains it sometimes migrates from one extremity to another. His mother reports that his jaundice and pain have occurred periodically for the past 5 y... | B: The patient should receive serogroup B meningococcal vaccination at the age of 10 years. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for generalized pain. The patient states that he feels like his muscles and bones are in constant pain. This has persisted for the past several weeks, and his symptoms have not improved with use of ibuprofen or acetaminophen. The patient has a past medical hist... | A: Hearing loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of redness, foreign body sensation, and discharge of both eyes. She reports that her eyes feel “stuck together” with yellow crusts every morning. She has a 3-year history of nasal allergies; her sister has allergic rhinitis. She is sexually active ... | C: Topical erythromycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by paramedics following a high-speed motor vehicle collision. The patient complains of excruciating chest pain, which he describes as tearing. Further history reveals that the patient is healthy, taking no medications, and is not under the influence of drugs or... | B: Traumatic aortic dissection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. The patient was at a lunch hosted by his employer. He started to feel his symptoms begin when he started playing football outside with a few of the other employees. The patient has a past medical history of atopic dermatitis and asthma. ... | C: IM epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old G1P0 woman presents to her obstetrician for a prenatal visit. She is 30 weeks pregnant. She reports some fatigue and complains of urinary urgency. Prior to this pregnancy, she had no significant medical history. She takes a prenatal vitamin and folate supplements daily. Her mother has diabetes, and her ... | E: Rubella infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old male presents to the emergency department after having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. His son reports that he does not have a history of seizures but has had increasing confusion and weakness over the last several weeks. An electrolyte panel reveals a sodium level of 120 mEq/L and a serum osmolalit... | A: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman presents with pain in her hip and groin. She states that the pain is present in the morning, and by the end of the day it is nearly unbearable. Her past medical history is notable for a treated episode of acute renal failure, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. Her current medications in... | A: Loss of joint space and osteophytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to a physician’s office for a follow-up visit. She recently underwent a complete physical examination with routine laboratory tests. She also had a Pap smear and testing for sexually transmitted diseases. Since her divorce 2 years ago, she had sexual encounters with random men at bars or ... | E: Replace didanosine with lamivudine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A primigravida at 10+5 weeks gestation registers in an obstetric clinic for prenatal care. She has noted a rash that is rough with red-brown spots on her palms. The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is positive. The diagnosis is confirmed by darkfield microscopy. What is the fetus at risk for secondary to the mother’s c... | C: Saddle nose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman that has recently immigrated from Southeast Asia is brought to the emergency department due to a 3-week history of fatigue, night sweats, and enlarged lymph nodes and persistent fever. These symptoms have been getting worse during the past week. She has no history of any cardiac or pulmonary disea... | B: Isoniazid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old African American man is brought to the emergency department with sudden onset lower limb paralysis and back pain. He has had generalized bone pain for 2 months. He has no history of severe illnesses. He takes ibuprofen for pain. On examination, he is pale. The vital signs include: temperature 37.1°C (98... | E: Proliferation of tumor cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old male was in a motor vehicle accident that caused him to fracture his femur and pelvis. After 2 days in the hospital, the patient became delirious, tachypneic, and a petechial rash was found in his upper extremities. Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient’s symptoms?? {'A': 'T... | B: Fat microglobules in the microvasculature |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man with a 30-pack-year history comes to the physician for a follow-up examination 6 months after a chest CT showed a solitary 5-mm solid nodule in the upper lobe of the right lung. The follow-up CT shows that the size of the nodule has increased to 2 cm. Ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node involvement i... | C: Cisplatin-etoposide therapy and radiotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn born at 33 weeks of gestation has a respiratory rate of 70/min and a heart rate of 148/min 2 hours after birth. He is grunting and has intercostal and subcostal retractions. He has peripheral cyanosis as well. An immediate chest radiograph is taken which shows a fine reticular granulation with ground glass ... | C: Respiratory distress syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A hospitalized 70-year-old woman, who recently underwent orthopedic surgery, develops severe thrombocytopenia of 40,000/mm3 during her 7th day of hospitalization. She has no other symptoms and has no relevant medical history. All of the appropriate post-surgery prophylactic measures had been taken. Her labs from the ... | E: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to his physician with dyspnea on exertion and rapid heartbeat. He denies any pain during these episodes. He works as a machine operator at a solar panels manufacturer. He has a 21-pack-year history of smoking. The medical history is significant for a perforated ulcer, in which he had to und... | D: Smoking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with bilateral eye pain. The patient states it has slowly been worsening over the past 48 hours. He admits to going out this past weekend and drinking large amounts of alcohol and having unprotected sex but cannot recall a predisposing event. The patient's vitals... | C: Gatifloxacin eye drops |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man is brought in by his wife with a history of progressive personality changes. The patient’s wife says that, over the past 3 years, he has become increasingly aggressive and easily agitated, which is extremely out of character for him. His wife also says that he has had several episodes of urinary inc... | C: Lumbar puncture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with palpitations, sweating, and blurry vision after playing volleyball on the beach. She denies chest pain and shortness of breath. She states that these episodes occur often, but resolve after eating a meal or drinking a sugary soda. Past medical history is u... | D: Beta cell tumor of the pancreas |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-month-old boy is brought in by his mother who is worried about pallor. She says that the patient has always been fair-skinned, but over the past month relatives have commented that he appears more pale. The mother says that the patient seems to tire easy, but plays well with his older brother and has even starte... | C: Limit milk intake |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of ringing in his ears that started several hours previously that has progressed to confusion. The patient denies any history of medical problems except for bilateral knee arthritis. He was recently seen by an orthopedic surgeon to evaluate... | A: pH: 7.30, PaCO2: 15 mmHg, HCO3-: 16 mEq/L |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman is referred to your office with mammography results showing a dense, spiculated mass with clustered microcalcifications. The family history is negative for breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. She was formerly a flight attendant and since retirement, she has started a strict Mediterranean die... | E: Occupation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after an episode of syncope. For the past 10 days, she has had dyspnea and palpitations occurring with mild exertion. The patient returned from a hiking trip in Upstate New York 5 weeks ago. Except for an episode of flu with fever and chills a month ago, she ... | A: Intravenous ceftriaxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old male presents to his primary care physician. Laboratory work-up and physical examination are suggestive of a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. A tissue biopsy is obtained, which confirms the diagnosis. Which of the following is indicative of metastatic disease?? {'A': 'Decreased serum alkaline phos... | D: New-onset lower back pain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient with a known spinal cord ependymoma presents to his neurologist for a check up. He complains that he has had difficulty walking, which he attributes to left leg weakness. On exam, he is noted to have 1/5 strength in his left lower extremity, as well as decreased vibration and position sensation in the left ... | A: Left-sided Brown-Sequard (hemisection) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2500-g (5-lb 8-oz) female newborn delivered at 37 weeks' gestation develops rapid breathing, grunting, and subcostal retractions shortly after birth. Despite appropriate lifesaving measures, the newborn dies 2 hours later. Autopsy shows bilateral renal agenesis. Which of the following is the most likely underlying ... | A: Decreased amniotic fluid ingestion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man comes to the physician for recurring fever and night sweats for the past 6 months. The fevers persist for 7 to 10 days and then subside completely for about a week before returning again. During this period, he has also noticed two painless lumps on his neck that have gradually increased in size. Ov... | B: CD15/30 positive cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old male presents with altered mental status. He was recently admitted to the hospital due to a tibial fracture suffered while playing soccer. His nurse states that he is difficult to arouse. His temperature is 98.6 deg F (37 deg C), blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, pulse is 60/min, and respirations are 6/mi... | A: Neuronal hyperpolarization due to potassium efflux |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of sudden-onset abdominal pain that began 1 hour ago. Three days ago, he was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection and was treated with nitrofurantoin. There is no personal history of serious illness. His parents emigrated from Kenya before he was bor... | A: Enzyme deficiency in red blood cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the physician with chills, nausea, and diffuse muscle aches for 3 days. His niece had similar symptoms 2 weeks ago and H1N1 influenza strain was isolated from her respiratory secretions. He received his influenza vaccination 2 months ago. His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F). A rapid influenza... | A: Random point mutations within viral genome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old G1P0 woman gives birth to a male infant at 35 weeks gestation. The child demonstrates a strong cry and moves all his arms and legs upon birth. Respirations are slow and irregular. His temperature is 99.1°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 100/55 mmHg, pulse is 115/min, and respirations are 18/min. At a follo... | E: Continuous systolic and diastolic murmur at left upper sternal border |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Blood cultures are sent to the laboratory. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is started. Transesophageal echocardiography shows a large, oscillating vegetation attached to the tricuspid valve. There are multiple small vegetations attached to tips of the tricuspid valve leaflets. There is moderate tricuspid regurgitation... | E: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old male presents to the emergency room complaining of substernal chest pain. He reports a three-hour history of dull substernal chest pain that radiates into his left arm and jaw. He has experienced similar chest pain before that was brought on with exertion, but this pain is more severe and occurred with ... | A: Decrease preload |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-day-old male newborn is brought to the physician by his mother for the evaluation of yellowing of his skin and eyes for one day. The mother reports that she is breastfeeding her son about 7 times per day. She also states that her son had two wet diapers and two bowel movements yesterday. He was born at 38 weeks' ... | C: Increasing frequency of breastfeeding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman is rushed to the emergency department after she was found unconscious in a house fire. She has no previous medical history available. At the hospital, the vital signs include: blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, temperature 36.0°C (97.0°F), and heart rate 76/min with oxygen saturation 99% on room air. On... | C: Administer 100% oxygen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department in a semi-unconscious state by her neighbor who saw her lose consciousness. There was no apparent injury on the primary survey. She is not currently taking any medications. She has had loose stools for the past 3 days and a decreased frequency of urination. N... | D: Serum blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) > 20 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department following a house fire. Following initial stabilization, the patient is transferred to the ICU for management of his third-degree burn injuries. On the second day of hospitalization, a routine laboratory panel is obtained, and the results are demonstrated below... | A: Continued management of his burn wounds |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of fever, fatigue, and a sore throat for 12 days. He was prescribed amoxicillin at another clinic and now has a diffuse rash all over his body. He was treated for gonorrhea one year ago. He has multiple sexual partners and uses condoms inconsistently. He appears lethar... | D: Heterophile agglutination test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man presents to the primary care clinic with non-specific complaints of fatigue and malaise. His past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, non-seminomatous testicular cancer, and hypercholesterolemia. He currently smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day, drinks a glass... | C: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man comes to his cardiologist for a follow-up visit. He is being considered for a new drug therapy that works by modulating certain proteins released from the heart in patients with heart failure. A drug called candoxatril is being investigated for its ability to inhibit the action of an endopeptidase t... | E: Natriuretic peptides |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Seventy-two hours after admission for an acute myocardial infarction, a 48-year-old man develops dyspnea and a productive cough with frothy sputum. Physical examination shows coarse crackles in both lungs and a blowing, holosystolic murmur heard best at the apex. ECG shows Q waves in the anteroseptal leads. Pulmonary... | C: Rupture of the chordae tendinae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of a productive cough and dyspnea. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 15 years. His temperature is 38.8°C (102°F). Physical examination shows decreased breath sounds and dullness on percussion above the right lower lobe. An x-ray of the chest shows a right ... | B: Fibrin-rich infiltrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old obese woman presents for a follow-up appointment regarding microcalcifications found in her left breast on a recent screening mammogram. The patient denies any recent associated symptoms. The past medical history is significant for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), for which she takes metformin. Her m... | D: Lumpectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy presents to the clinic with his mother for evaluation of a rash around the eyes and mouth. His mother states that the rash appeared 2 weeks ago and seems to be very itchy because the boy scratches his eyes often. The patient is up to date on all of his vaccinations and is meeting all developmental... | D: Atopic dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency department with periorbital swelling. He states that he was gardening, came inside, looked in the mirror, and then noticed his eyelids were swollen. He denies pain, pruritus, or visual disturbances. He states that he was drinking “a lot of water" to prevent dehydration, bec... | A: Apple green birefringence with Congo red staining |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a regular check-up. She complains of swelling of her legs and face, which is worse in the morning and decreases during the day. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a year ago and prescribed metformin, but she has not been compliant with it pre... | A: If measured in this patient, there would be an increased PTH level. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 27-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with dark urine and left flank pain. He has had a fever, sore throat, and malaise for the last 2 days. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 38.1°C (100.5°F), blood pressure of 120/82 mm Hg, and a pulse of 95/min. His family history is noncontrib... | E: Diffuse mesangial IgA deposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain for the last 2 hours. He had been discharged from the hospital 10 days ago when he was admitted for acute myocardial infarction. It was successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. During the physical exam, the pat... | A: Ibuprofen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of a mass in her mid-thigh. The mass has grown slowly over the past six months and is not painful. The patient’s past medical history is notable for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. She takes lisinopril and rosuvastatin. On examination, there is ... | B: Desmin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for fever and generalized malaise. Her symptoms began approximately 3 days ago, when she noticed pain with urination and mild blood in her urine. Earlier this morning she experienced chills, flank pain, and mild nausea. Approximately 1 month ago she had the "fl... | E: Suppurative inflammation with interstitial neutrophilic infiltration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man, who was previously healthy, is taken to the emergency department due to agitation during the past 24 hours. During the past week, his family members noticed a yellowish coloring of his skin and eyes. He occasionally uses cocaine and ecstasy, and he drinks alcohol (about 20 g) on weekends. The patie... | C: Fulminant hepatic failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of increasing restlessness over the past 2 weeks. She reports that she continuously paces around the house and is unable to sit still for more than 10 minutes at a time. During this period, she has had multiple episodes of anxiety with chest tightness and shortn... | D: 5-HT2Areceptor antagonism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath on exertion and fatigue. He says that his symptoms onset gradually 5 days ago and have progressively worsened. Past medical history is significant for chronic alcoholism. His vital signs are blood pressure 100/60 mm Hg, temperature 36.9°C... | A: Thiamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman sought evaluation at an urgent care clinic after developing breathlessness 30 minutes earlier. She also developed swelling of the tongue and lips. She has heart failure and was recently diagnosed with hypertension. She was started on a medication, the first dose of which she took this afternoon be... | A: Captopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents for pregnancy counseling. She says she has a 8 week history of chronic diarrhea. She is also found to be intolerant to heat and has been significantly losing her hair. She denies any recent changes to her diet. The patient is afebrile and her vital signs are within normal limits. Her weig... | D: Thyroid peroxidase inhibitors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man was shown to have a blood pressure of 142/90 mm Hg at a health fair. Despite modifying his lifestyle, his blood pressure remained elevated on 2 separate subsequent occasions. He was prescribed an anti-hypertensive medication. After 3 weeks, the swelling of the lips shown in the accompanying photogra... | C: Lisinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of worsening fever, headache, photophobia, and nausea for 2 days. One week ago, she returned from summer camp. She has received all age-appropriate immunizations. Her temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F). She is oriented to person, place, and time. Physical examinatio... | A: Echovirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a well-child visit. His mother reports him to be doing well and has no concerns. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. On physical exam, he is noted to hav... | D: Coarctation of the aorta |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two months ago, she underwent left renal transplantation for recurrent glomerulonephritis. At the time of discharge, her creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL. She feels well. Current medications include tacrolimus and azathioprine. Her pulse is 85/min and bl... | D: Kidney injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 12 month history of progressive fatigue and shortness of breath with exertion. Five years ago, she emigrated from Eastern Europe. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. She has a history of using methamphetamines and cocaine but quit 5 years a... | D: Right-heart catheterization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department following a motorcycle accident. The patient is severely injured and requires life support after splenectomy and evacuation of a subdural hematoma. Past medical history is unremarkable. The patient’s family members, including wife, parents, siblings, and grand... | E: The spouse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because of a mildly pruritic rash on her trunk and extremities for 2 days. One week ago, she developed a low-grade fever, rhinorrhea, and headache, followed by a facial rash 4 days later. The facial rash did not involve the perioral skin. Her temperature ... | B: Erythema infectiosum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents with a 2-day history of fever, malaise, and productive cough. On presentation, he is found to be very weak and is having difficulty breathing. His past medical history is significant for multiple prior infections requiring hospitalization includ... | E: Protein phosphorylation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A two-month-old female presents to the emergency department for difficulty feeding. The patient was born at 38 weeks gestation to a 29-year-old primigravid via vaginal delivery. The newborn period has thus far been uncomplicated. The patient has been exclusively breastfed since birth. Her parents report that feeding ... | D: Echocardiogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old male is evaluated for frequent epistaxis and mucous membrane bleeding. Physical examination shows diffuse petechiae on the patient’s distal extremities. Peripheral blood smear shows an absence of platelet clumping. An ELISA binding assay reveals that platelet surfaces are deficient in GIIb/IIIa receptors... | E: Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man was a driver in a motor vehicle collsion. The patient is not able to offer a medical history during initial presentation. His temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 104/74 mmHg, pulse is 150/min, respirations are 12/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. On exam, he does not open ... | D: Intubation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old woman comes to the emergency department due to a left-sided paralysis for the past 2 hours. Her husband says her symptoms began suddenly, and she is also unable to speak. Her pulse is 90/min, respirations are 18/min, temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), and blood pressure is 150/98 mm Hg. An ECG is obtained... | A: Cardioembolic stroke |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old female with a history of poorly-controlled diabetes presents to her primary care physician because of pain and tingling in her hands. These symptoms began several months ago and have been getting worse such that they interfere with her work as a secretary. She says that the pain is worse in the morning ... | D: D |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Examination shows jaundice. Ultrasonography of the abdomen shows cholelithiasis and marked dilation of the biliary duct. An ERCP is performed and reveals pus with multiple brown concre... | E: Increased β-glucuronidase activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy presents for incision and drainage of a small abscess on his left thigh. No significant past medical history. No current medications. Before the procedure, the patient is allowed to inhale colorless, sweet-smelling gas. After the procedure, the patient receives 3–4 minutes of high flow oxygen through... | E: Diffusion hypoxia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a chief complaint of chest pain that is squeezing in nature. He used to have similar symptoms in the past while playing tennis with his friends. Yesterday, while moving furniture in his new home, he experienced this pain that lasted for 20 minutes and radi... | E: Myocardial ischemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his physician with a complaint of recurrent episodes of palpitations over the past 2 weeks. He also mentions that he tends to tire easily. He denies chest pain, breathlessness, dizziness, or syncope, but has a history of ischemic heart disease. He smokes 1 pack of cigarettes every day an... | B: Bilateral pedal edema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of body aches and constipation. She reports that her “bones hurt” and that she has experienced worsening constipation over the past few months. Her medical history is notable for three kidney stones within the past year that both passed spontaneo... | A: Increased calcium, decreased phosphate, increased parathyroid hormone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-hour old male infant is seen in the newborn nursery. He was born full term by vaginal delivery to a 40-year-old G4P3-->4 mother. Her pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, notable only for declining genetic testing. On exam, her son has a flat face, a fold in the upper eyelid, palpebral fissures that appear ... | B: Metaphase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for pernicious anemia and vitiligo presents to the physician with the chief complaints of heat intolerance and frequent palpitations. The patient does not take birth control and her urine pregnancy test is negative today. Physical exam reveals a patient that... | C: T4 elevated, free T4 elevated, T3 elevated, TSH decreased |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with her son because she is convinced that people are stealing from her. Her son claims she has been misplacing her medications and money throughout the house. She recently lost her husband to old age and has become reclusive and no longer wants people to vis... | B: Dementia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the office due to pain in the lower part of his calves on his afternoon walk to get the mail. The pain is relieved by rest. It started slowly about 6 months ago and has become more painful over time. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Medicatio... | E: A referral to a supervised exercise program |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with worsening cough and asthma. The patient reports that he was in his usual state of health until 1 month ago, when he developed a cold. Since then his cold has improved, but he continues to have a cough and worsening asthma symptoms. He says that he has been... | D: p-ANCA levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the physician because of fatigue, lethargy, and lower leg swelling for 2 weeks. He also noticed that his urine appeared darker than usual and for the last 2 days he has passed only small amounts of urine. His temperature is 37.5°C (98.6°F), pulse is 88/min, respirations are 15/min, and... | D: Administer methylprednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painful mass in his left thigh for 3 days. He underwent a left lower limb angiography for femoral artery stenosis and had a stent placed 2 weeks ago. He has peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He h... | A: Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with acute onset vomiting, vertigo, throbbing headache, and weakness. She says that the symptoms started when she went to dinner with friends and had a drink of alcohol. Her past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes, and she was recently started o... | B: Closing potassium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for shortness of breath and chest pain. Pulmonary angiography shows a large saddle embolus in the pulmonary arteries. Emergency drug therapy is administered and she is admitted to the hospital for observation. A follow-up CT scan of the chest shortly after ad... | E: Intracerebral hemorrhage " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-day-old infant who was born via uncomplicated vaginal delivery at 39 weeks of gestation is brought to the family physician for poor feeding. The mother received adequate prenatal care throughout the pregnancy, and has no medical conditions. On physical exam, the infant's temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), blood pres... | C: Increased sex hormones, increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man is brought to the physician because of increasing pain and swelling of the left knee for 2 months. The pain has awoken him from his sleep on multiple occasions. He tried ibuprofen but has had no relief of his symptoms. There is no family or personal history of serious illness. Vital signs are within... | D: Osteoclastoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought in by his parents as they are concerned about his behavior. He is constantly arguing with his parents and blatantly defying their every request. In school, he is known for being intentionally tardy and for defying his teachers. Upon further questioning of the patient you learn about some ... | D: The patient's symptoms could progress to antisocial personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-hour-old girl is found to be cyanotic in the newborn nursery. She was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 weeks gestation to a gravida 1, para 0 healthy mother who received routine prenatal care. The patient is small for her gestational age. She manifests lower-extremity cyanosis along with a mesh-like m... | A: Administration of alprostadil |
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