CodCodingCode/medical-qa-combined · Datasets at Hugging Face

instruction stringclasses 5 values	input stringlengths 10 4.2k	output stringlengths 1 7.16k
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Abstract:>> ### INTRODUCTION Rising health care costs and the need to consolidate expertise in tertiary services have led to the centralisation of services. In the UK, the result has been that many rural maternity units have become midwife-led. A key consideration is that midwives have the skills to competently and confidently provide maternity services in rural areas, which may be geographically isolated and where the midwife may only see a small number of pregnant women each year. Our objective was to compare the views of midwives in rural and urban settings, regarding their competence and confidence with respect to 'competencies' identified as being those which all professionals should have in order to provide effective and safe care for low-risk women. ### METHOD This was a comparative questionnaire survey involving a stratified sample of remote and rural maternity units and an ad hoc comparison group of three urban maternity units in Scotland. Questionnaires were sent to 82 midwives working in remote and rural areas and 107 midwives working in urban hospitals with midwife-led units. ### RESULTS The response rate from midwives in rural settings was considerably higher (85%) than from midwives in the urban areas (60%). Although the proportion of midwives who reported that they were competent was broadly similar in the two groups, there were some significant differences regarding specific competencies. Midwives in the rural group were more likely to report competence for breech delivery (p = 0.001), while more urban midwives reported competence in skills such as intravenous fluid replacement (p<0.001) and initial and discharge examination of the newborn (p<0.001). Both groups reported facing barriers to continuing professional development; however, more of the rural group had attended an educational event within the last month (p<0.001). Lack of time was a greater barrier for urban midwives (p = 0.02), whereas distance to training was greater for rural midwives (p = 0.009). Lack of motivation or interest was significantly higher in urban units (p = 0.006). ---- <<Question:>> Midwives' competence: is it affected by working in a rural location? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>	C
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Abstract:>> ### STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate polysomnographic and anthropomorphic factors predicting need of high optimal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). ### DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. ### PATIENTS Three hundred fifty-three consecutive obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who had a successful manual CPAP titration in our sleep disorders unit. ### MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The mean optimal CPAP was 9.5 +/- 2.4 cm H2O. The optimal CPAP pressure increases with an increase in OSA severity from 7.79 +/- 2.2 in the mild, to 8.7 +/- 1.8 in the moderate, and to 10.1 +/- 2.3 cm H2O in the severe OSA group. A high CPAP was defined as the mean + 1 standard deviation (SD;>or =12 cm H2O). The predictor variables included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). High CPAP was required in 2 (6.9%), 6 (5.8%), and 63 (28.6%) patients with mild, moderate, and severe OSA, respectively. On univariate analysis, AHI, BMI, ESS score, and the proportion of males were significantly higher in those needing high CPAP. They also have a lower MSLT mean. On logistic regression, the use of high CPAP was 5.90 times more frequent (95% confidence interval 2.67-13.1) in severe OSA patients after adjustment for the other variables. The area under the receiver operator curve was 72.4%, showing that the model was adequate. ---- <<Question:>> Does the severity of obstructive sleep apnea predict patients requiring high continuous positive airway pressure? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>	C
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Abstract:>> ### BACKGROUND Although there is evidence for the influential role of transformational leadership on health outcomes, researchers have used either attitude outcomes (e.g. job satisfaction) or softer health measures, such as general well-being. Specific measures of well-being such as sleep quality have not been used, despite its association with working conditions. ### METHODS A longitudinal design was used to collect data from Danish healthcare workers at time 1 in 2005 (n = 447) and 18 months later at time 2 in 2007 (n = 274). Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationships between transformational leadership, self-efficacy and sleep quality at both time points independently (cross-sectionally) and longitudinally. ### RESULTS For all constructs, time 2 measures were influenced by the baseline level. Direct relationships between transformational leadership and sleep quality were found. This relationship was negative cross-sectionally at both time points, but positive between baseline and follow-up. The relationship between leadership and employees' sleep quality was not mediated by employees' self-efficacy. ---- <<Question:>> Does self-efficacy mediate the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and healthcare workers' sleep quality? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>	C
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Abstract:>> ### OBJECTIVE Francophones may experience poorer health due to social status, cultural differences in lifestyle and attitudes, and language barriers to health care. Our study sought to compare mental health indicators between Francophones and non-Francophones living in the province of Manitoba. ### METHODS Two populations were used: one from administrative datasets housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and the other from representative survey samples. The administrative datasets contained data from physician billings, hospitalizations, prescription drug use, education, and social services use, and surveys included indicators on language variables and on self-rated health. ### RESULTS Outside urban areas, Francophones had lower rates of diagnosed substance use disorder (rate ratio [RR] = 0.80; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95) and of suicide and suicide attempts (RR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.79), compared with non-Francophones, but no differences were found between the groups across the province in rates of diagnosed mood disorders, anxiety disorders, dementia, or any mental disorders after adjusting for age, sex, and geographic area. When surveyed, Francophones were less likely than non-Francophones to report that their mental health was excellent, very good, or good (66.9%, compared with 74.2%). ---- <<Question:>> Are there mental health differences between francophone and non-francophone populations in manitoba? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>	C
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Abstract:>> ### OBJECTIVES Outcome feedback is the process of learning patient outcomes after their care within the emergency department. We conducted a national survey of Canadian Royal College emergency medicine (EM) residents and program directors to determine the extent to which active outcome feedback and follow-up occurred. We also compared the perceived educational value of outcome feedback between residents and program directors. ### METHODS We distributed surveys to all Royal College-accredited adult and pediatric EM training programs using a modified Dillman method. We analyzed the data using student's t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. ### RESULTS We received 210 completed surveys from 260 eligible residents (80.8%) and 21 of 24 program directors (87.5%) (overall 81.3%). Mandatory active outcome feedback was not present in any EM training program for admitted or discharged patients (0/21). Follow-up was performed electively by 89.4% of residents for patients admitted to the hospital, and by 44.2% of residents for patients discharged home. A majority of residents (76.9%) believed that patient follow-up should be mandatory compared to 42.9% of program directors (p=0.002). The perceived educational value of outcome feedback was 5.8/7 for residents and 5.1/7 for program directors (difference 0.7; p=0.002) based on a seven-point Likert scale (1=not important; 7=very important). ---- <<Question:>> Outcome Feedback within Emergency Medicine Training Programs: An Opportunity to Apply the Theory of Deliberate Practice? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>	C
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of the following is derived from fibroblast cells ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) TGF-13 B) MMP2 C) Collagen D) Angiopoietin ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> In Alleged history of gun shot injury.there is burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound Di collar, the injury is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Close shot entry wound B) Close shot exit wound C) Distant shot entry wound D) distant shot exit wound ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which macrolide is active against Mycobaterium leprae? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Azithromycin B) Roxithromycin C) Clarithromycin D) Framycetin ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Xanthenuric acid is produced in metabolism of? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Tyrosine B) Glycine C) Methionine D) Tryptophan ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Most common site of direct hernia ---- <<Choices:>> A) Hesselbach's triangle B) Femoral gland C) No site predilection D) None ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Resistance to lateral shifting or anteroposterior shifting is called as: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Retention. B) Stability. C) Support. D) None. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Marker of endoplasmic reticulum? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Acid phosphatase B) Glucose-6-phosphatase C) Catalase D) LDH ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 10 years old male presents a smooth swelling near superficial inguinal ring, which moves downwards when the testicle is pulled downwards. Diagnosis - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Inguinal hernia B) Congenital hydrocele C) Encysted hydrocele of the cord D) Varicocele ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Pain and temperature sensation are transmitted by? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Dorsal column B) Lateral spinothalamic tract C) Ventral spinothalamic tract D) Spinocerebellar tract ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> All are derived from ectoderm except ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Lens B) Eustachian tube C) Brain D) Retina ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Tannerella forsythia is a ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Nonmotile, gram-negative obligate anaerobe B) Motile, gram-negative obligate anaerobe C) Nonmotile, gram-negative obligate aerobe D) Motile, gram-negative obligate aerobe ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> On which day LH & FSH should be measured ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 1-3rd day B) 7th day C) 14th day D) 10th day ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Lepra cell are? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Histiocytes B) Monocytes C) Lymphocytes D) N K Cells ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> FDA approved drug for refractory schizophrenia ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Amoxapine B) Haloperidol C) Clozapine D) Penfluridol ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of the following bacteria is not a primary colonizer: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Streptococci. B) Actinomyces. C) F.nucleatum. D) None. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> True of umbilical hernia - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Most common content is large intestine B) Most of the umbilical hernias disappear spontaneously C) Males are affected more than females D) Uncomplicated herenias are repaired at 1 year of age through an infraumbilical incision. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Failure rate of Pomeroy's method of tubal ligation is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 0.20% B) 0.40% C) 0.60% D) 0.80% ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Tumor NOT commonly seen in first decade of life? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Retinoblastoma B) Neuroblastoma C) Ameloblastoma D) Wilm’s tumor ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Straight sinus is formed by? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Inferior Sagittal Sinus B) Internal Jugular veins C) Superior Sagittal Sinus D) Tranverse sinus ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Fenthion is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Space spray B) Residual spray C) Stomach poison D) Fumgant ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Feilization usually occurs in which pa of fallopian tube? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Fimbrial end B) Ampulla C) Interstitium D) Isthmus ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Behavioral surveillance survey is done in ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Malaria B) Filaria C) AIDS D) TB ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> True about alkaptonuria ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Deficiency of Tyrosinase B) Urine is black C) Banedict test is not useful D) Fecl, test gives red colour ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> 24 hours wearing is possible by which functional appliances: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Harvold's activator. B) Bionator. C) Frankel's functional regulator. D) Clark's twin block appliance. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Afferents for stretch reflexes are carried by which fibers? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Aa B) Ay C) Type B D) Type C ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> False about MgSo4 is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Not used as antihypeensive B) Its dose is different for eclampsia and preeclampsia C) Deep tendon reflexes is monitored for toxicity D) It acts as a membrane stabilizer and neuroprotector ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Green colour of triage is for which patient ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Low priority B) Morbidity C) Ambulatory D) High priority ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Prognosis of treatment in case of Class II malocclusion is favorable when? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Class II malocclusion without sliding of mandible B) Class II malocclusion with anterior sliding of mandible C) Class II malocclusion with posterior sliding of mandible D) Prognosis does not depend on sliding of mandible ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> The most common cause of death in SLE in children ---- <<Choices:>> A) Lupus nephritis B) Lupus cerebritis C) Libman sacks endocarditis D) Anemia and infections ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Most common site of ectopic pregnancy is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ovary B) Fallopian tube C) Peritoneum D) Cervix ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> In comparison with the permanent mandibular canine, the permanent maxillary canine: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Has a less prominent cingulum B) Is shorter C) Has a cusp tip more nearly centered over the root when viewed from the labial. D) Has a relatively longer crown ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of these drugs is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)agonist? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Glargine B) Pramlintide C) Exenatide D) Sitagliptin ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Absorbed fluoride is eliminated by: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Kidneys B) Lungs C) Saliva D) Intestines ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> All are true of opioid withdrawal, except:NIMHANS 10; PGI 14 ---- <<Choices:>> A) Yawning B) Hallucinations C) Lacrimation D) Piloerection ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Orange sweat is seen in: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Rifampin B) INH C) Thioacetazone D) Pyrazinamide ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which is the main function of reverse-pull headgear? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Inhibits the growth of the mandible. B) Inhibits the growth of the maxilla. C) Induces the growth of the maxilla. D) Distallization of molars. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Palpable femur head on per rectal exam is a feature of which of the following conditions? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Posterior hip dislocation B) Anterior hip dislocation C) Central hip dislocation D) Inferior hip dislocation ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Prognosis is better in? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Horizontal bone loss B) Angular bone loss C) Equal in both conditions D) All of the above ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Haemophilia A is : ---- <<Choices:>> A) X linked dominant B) X linked recessive C) Autosomal dominant D) Autosomal recessive ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Treatment of choice for squamous cell carcinoma of anus below dentate line is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy B) Wide local excision C) Sphincter sparing surgery D) Monoclonal antibodies ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> In porphyria all the following drugs are safe EXCEPT: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Propofol B) Midazolam C) Alfentanyl D) Pentazocine ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Corneal ulcer resembling fungal ulcer is seen in infection with which of the agents? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Nocardia asteroides B) Mycobacterium C) Klebsiella pneumoniae D) Chlamydia trachomatis ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Multi-unit smooth muscle present at all except ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Blood vessels B) Iris C) Gut D) Ductus deferens ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which ACE inhibitor in safe in renal failure ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Captopril B) Enalapril C) Benazapril D) None ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Abuse of which of the following is the most common cause of seizures: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Short term benzodiazepines B) Short term barbiturates C) Opioids D) Cocaine ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Cause of bilateral optic atrophy ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Trauma to optic nerve B) Intracranial neoplasma C) CRAO D) Optic neuritis ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Mosaic pattern of coment line is characteristically seen in - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Hypehyroidism B) Paget's disease of bone C) Renal osteodystrophy D) Osteomalacia ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Proteins which are present in attached plaque: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Desmoplakin. B) Plakoglobin. C) Both. D) None. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Most common influenza virus causing disease? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Type A B) Type B C) Type C D) Type D ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Not associated with endometrial hyperplasia ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) PCOD B) Glucose intolerance C) H D) Unopposed exposure to progesterone ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Maximum oral structures are having their origin from ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ectoderm B) Mesoderm C) Endoderm D) None of the above ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Longitudinal studies: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Are economical B) Are efficient C) Single outcome D) For identifying risk factors of disease ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Yawning is a common feature of ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Coccaine toxicity B) Opioid withdrawl C) Alcohol intoxication D) All of the above ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Most common route of nosocomial infection ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Droplet transmission B) Direct contact C) Indirect contact D) Vehicle transmission ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which is increased in plasma of chronic hea disease pts ---- <<Choices:>> A) BNP B) Endothelin 1 C) Coisol D) None ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Increase in Duration of expiration is due to? ---- <<Choices:>> A) J-reflex B) Head's paradoxical reflex C) Hering-Breure reflex D) Proprioceptors ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Uhthoff's sign is seen in: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Parkinsonism B) Cerebral palsy C) Multiple sclerosis D) Alzheimer's disease ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Fluoroquinolones with maximum bioavailability is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Moxifloxacin. B) Gatifloxacin. C) Levofloxacin D) Ciprofloxacin ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> In type la maple syrup urine disease, gene mutation seen is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ela B) Elb C) E2 D) E3 ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> After periodontal surgery, epithelial reattachment to root by hemidesmosomes occurs within? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 1 week B) 2 weeks C) 4 days D) 4 weeks ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Onion peel appearanace on Xray is seen in which of the following conditions ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ewings Sarcoma B) Osteosarcoma C) Giant cell tumour D) Eosinophilic granuloma ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Fastest acting anti malarial drug is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Chloroquine B) Quinine C) Mefloquine D) Aether ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Rolled leaf tobacco is used inside a leaf of jack fruit tree is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Hookli B) Dhumti C) Chillum D) Chutta ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Fair bank’s triangle is seen in? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Tibia vara B) Genu valgum C) Hip fracture D) Coxa vara ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Definitive treatment of adenomyosis is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) OC pills B) NSAIDS C) Endometrial ablation D) Hysterectomy ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> True about heparin induced thrombocytopenia ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Low molecular weight heparin is better alternative B) Antibodies are formed against platelets C) Vitamin K is specific antidote D) Within 12 hours of staing heparin ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> SARS infection case fatality rate of >50% is observed in patients of which age group? ---- <<Choices:>> A) < 20 yrs B) 20 - 40 years C) 40 - 60 years D) > 65 years ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of these steps is followed first for the management of shoulder dystocia after McRobes maneuver? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Sharp flexion of hip joints towards abdomen B) Supra pubic pressure C) 90 degree rotation of posterior shoulder D) Emergency c-section ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of the following drug can be given in patients of primary pulmonary hypeension? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Icatibant B) Bosentan C) Labetolol D) Sodium nitroprusside ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Loeffer's serum is an example of ---- <<Choices:>> A) Basal medium B) Simple medium C) Complex medium D) Enrichment medium ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Mother of a Aggressive, demanding child could be: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Over indulgent. B) Overprotective. C) Under affectionate. D) Rejecting. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Respiratory bronchioles are formed from ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Principal bronchus B) Terminal bronchioles C) Teiary Bronchus D) Lobar bronchioles ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Mission Indradhanush was launched in 2014 for? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Children B) Adolescent C) Geriatrics D) None of the above ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A seasamoid bone is present in the tendon of? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Flexor hallucis longus B) Ext. hallucis brevis C) Adductor hallucis D) Flexor hallucis brevis ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Most commonly used drug for prophylaxis of migraine is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Sumatriptan B) Propranolol C) Valproate D) Flunarizine ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Permission from DCGI is needed before which phase of drug trial? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Phase 1 B) Phase 2 C) Phase 3 D) Phase 4 ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Fresh water swimming leads to infection by - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Bordetella peussis B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) M tuberculosis D) Pseudomonas ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Maximum concentration for epidural block ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Bupivacaine B) Lidocaine C) Ropivacaine D) Chlorprocaine ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Featherless preparation is also known as: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Shoulderless B) Shoulder with bevel C) Knife edge D) All of the above ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> hL/h blood group- ---- <<Choices:>> A) lacks H- antigen B) lacks A-antigen C) lacks B- antigen D) Alloftheabove ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Toronto Automated Probe is made up of ---- <<Choices:>> A) 0.5 mm Ni wire B) 0.5 mm Ti wire C) 0.5 mm SS wire D) None of the above ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Most commonly affected in ormond's disease ---- <<Choices:>> A) Aoa B) IVC C) Ureter D) Gonadal vessels ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> As per the bone bending theory, the convex surface: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Acquires negative charge B) Acquires positive charge C) May acquire positive or negative charge D) Does not show any charge on surface ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Mechanism of heat loss in modern X-ray tube is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Radiation B) Evaporation C) Conduction D) Convection ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of the following fractures of the neck of femur are associated with maximal compromise in blood supply ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Interochantericfractures B) Basicervical fracture C) Trans cervical fracture D) Sub Capital fractures ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Key Etiological agent in localized Aggressive periodontitis is : ---- <<Choices:>> A) A . A. Comitans. B) F . Nucleatum. C) Provetella. D) Capnocytophaga. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Man-made dentin is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Zinc phosphate cement B) GIC C) Calcium hydroxide cement D) ZOE cement ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Health center in remotest area for planning and management of schemes: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Anganwadi B) Block centre C) Sub-centre D) PHC ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> All of the following is true about hea transplantation except - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Immmunosupression is staed preoperatively B) It is only ohotopic and not heterotopic C) A Beating hea cadaver/donor is needed D) High Pulmonary aerial resistance in a contra indication ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Motilin secretion decreased in ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Thirsty B) Starving C) Ingested meal D) Interdigestive state ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of the following is most specific for arsenic poisoning ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Red velvety stomach mucosa B) Blue lining on gums C) Tremors D) Anemia ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> occlusal rest seats can be prepared on: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Sound enamel. B) Amalgum. C) Cast restoration. D) All of the above. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Limiting structures in the maxilla: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Labial frenum. B) Hamular notch. C) Posterior palatal seal. D) All of the above. ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which tendon is lodged in the groove on posterior surface of lateral malleolus? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Peroneus longus B) Tibialis anterior C) Tibialis posterior D) Flexor Hallucis Longus ---- <<Answer:>>	D
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which type of aery is most commonly involved in PAN? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Muscular B) Pulmonary C) Skin D) GIT ---- <<Answer:>>	D

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<<Abstract:>> ### INTRODUCTION Rising health care costs and the need to consolidate expertise in tertiary services have led to the centralisation of services. In the UK, the result has been that many rural maternity units have become midwife-led. A key consideration is that midwives have the skills to competently and confidently provide maternity services in rural areas, which may be geographically isolated and where the midwife may only see a small number of pregnant women each year. Our objective was to compare the views of midwives in rural and urban settings, regarding their competence and confidence with respect to 'competencies' identified as being those which all professionals should have in order to provide effective and safe care for low-risk women. ### METHOD This was a comparative questionnaire survey involving a stratified sample of remote and rural maternity units and an ad hoc comparison group of three urban maternity units in Scotland. Questionnaires were sent to 82 midwives working in remote and rural areas and 107 midwives working in urban hospitals with midwife-led units. ### RESULTS The response rate from midwives in rural settings was considerably higher (85%) than from midwives in the urban areas (60%). Although the proportion of midwives who reported that they were competent was broadly similar in the two groups, there were some significant differences regarding specific competencies. Midwives in the rural group were more likely to report competence for breech delivery (p = 0.001), while more urban midwives reported competence in skills such as intravenous fluid replacement (p<0.001) and initial and discharge examination of the newborn (p<0.001). Both groups reported facing barriers to continuing professional development; however, more of the rural group had attended an educational event within the last month (p<0.001). Lack of time was a greater barrier for urban midwives (p = 0.02), whereas distance to training was greater for rural midwives (p = 0.009). Lack of motivation or interest was significantly higher in urban units (p = 0.006). ---- <<Question:>> Midwives' competence: is it affected by working in a rural location? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>

C

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<<Abstract:>> ### STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate polysomnographic and anthropomorphic factors predicting need of high optimal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). ### DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. ### PATIENTS Three hundred fifty-three consecutive obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who had a successful manual CPAP titration in our sleep disorders unit. ### MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The mean optimal CPAP was 9.5 +/- 2.4 cm H2O. The optimal CPAP pressure increases with an increase in OSA severity from 7.79 +/- 2.2 in the mild, to 8.7 +/- 1.8 in the moderate, and to 10.1 +/- 2.3 cm H2O in the severe OSA group. A high CPAP was defined as the mean + 1 standard deviation (SD;>or =12 cm H2O). The predictor variables included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). High CPAP was required in 2 (6.9%), 6 (5.8%), and 63 (28.6%) patients with mild, moderate, and severe OSA, respectively. On univariate analysis, AHI, BMI, ESS score, and the proportion of males were significantly higher in those needing high CPAP. They also have a lower MSLT mean. On logistic regression, the use of high CPAP was 5.90 times more frequent (95% confidence interval 2.67-13.1) in severe OSA patients after adjustment for the other variables. The area under the receiver operator curve was 72.4%, showing that the model was adequate. ---- <<Question:>> Does the severity of obstructive sleep apnea predict patients requiring high continuous positive airway pressure? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>

C

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<<Abstract:>> ### BACKGROUND Although there is evidence for the influential role of transformational leadership on health outcomes, researchers have used either attitude outcomes (e.g. job satisfaction) or softer health measures, such as general well-being. Specific measures of well-being such as sleep quality have not been used, despite its association with working conditions. ### METHODS A longitudinal design was used to collect data from Danish healthcare workers at time 1 in 2005 (n = 447) and 18 months later at time 2 in 2007 (n = 274). Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationships between transformational leadership, self-efficacy and sleep quality at both time points independently (cross-sectionally) and longitudinally. ### RESULTS For all constructs, time 2 measures were influenced by the baseline level. Direct relationships between transformational leadership and sleep quality were found. This relationship was negative cross-sectionally at both time points, but positive between baseline and follow-up. The relationship between leadership and employees' sleep quality was not mediated by employees' self-efficacy. ---- <<Question:>> Does self-efficacy mediate the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and healthcare workers' sleep quality? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>

C

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<<Abstract:>> ### OBJECTIVE Francophones may experience poorer health due to social status, cultural differences in lifestyle and attitudes, and language barriers to health care. Our study sought to compare mental health indicators between Francophones and non-Francophones living in the province of Manitoba. ### METHODS Two populations were used: one from administrative datasets housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and the other from representative survey samples. The administrative datasets contained data from physician billings, hospitalizations, prescription drug use, education, and social services use, and surveys included indicators on language variables and on self-rated health. ### RESULTS Outside urban areas, Francophones had lower rates of diagnosed substance use disorder (rate ratio [RR] = 0.80; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95) and of suicide and suicide attempts (RR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.79), compared with non-Francophones, but no differences were found between the groups across the province in rates of diagnosed mood disorders, anxiety disorders, dementia, or any mental disorders after adjusting for age, sex, and geographic area. When surveyed, Francophones were less likely than non-Francophones to report that their mental health was excellent, very good, or good (66.9%, compared with 74.2%). ---- <<Question:>> Are there mental health differences between francophone and non-francophone populations in manitoba? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>

C

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<<Abstract:>> ### OBJECTIVES Outcome feedback is the process of learning patient outcomes after their care within the emergency department. We conducted a national survey of Canadian Royal College emergency medicine (EM) residents and program directors to determine the extent to which active outcome feedback and follow-up occurred. We also compared the perceived educational value of outcome feedback between residents and program directors. ### METHODS We distributed surveys to all Royal College-accredited adult and pediatric EM training programs using a modified Dillman method. We analyzed the data using student's t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. ### RESULTS We received 210 completed surveys from 260 eligible residents (80.8%) and 21 of 24 program directors (87.5%) (overall 81.3%). Mandatory active outcome feedback was not present in any EM training program for admitted or discharged patients (0/21). Follow-up was performed electively by 89.4% of residents for patients admitted to the hospital, and by 44.2% of residents for patients discharged home. A majority of residents (76.9%) believed that patient follow-up should be mandatory compared to 42.9% of program directors (p=0.002). The perceived educational value of outcome feedback was 5.8/7 for residents and 5.1/7 for program directors (difference 0.7; p=0.002) based on a seven-point Likert scale (1=not important; 7=very important). ---- <<Question:>> Outcome Feedback within Emergency Medicine Training Programs: An Opportunity to Apply the Theory of Deliberate Practice? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>

C

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<<Question:>> Which of the following is derived from fibroblast cells ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) TGF-13 B) MMP2 C) Collagen D) Angiopoietin ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> In Alleged history of gun shot injury.there is burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound Di collar, the injury is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Close shot entry wound B) Close shot exit wound C) Distant shot entry wound D) distant shot exit wound ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which macrolide is active against Mycobaterium leprae? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Azithromycin B) Roxithromycin C) Clarithromycin D) Framycetin ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Xanthenuric acid is produced in metabolism of? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Tyrosine B) Glycine C) Methionine D) Tryptophan ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Most common site of direct hernia ---- <<Choices:>> A) Hesselbach's triangle B) Femoral gland C) No site predilection D) None ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Resistance to lateral shifting or anteroposterior shifting is called as: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Retention. B) Stability. C) Support. D) None. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Marker of endoplasmic reticulum? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Acid phosphatase B) Glucose-6-phosphatase C) Catalase D) LDH ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> A 10 years old male presents a smooth swelling near superficial inguinal ring, which moves downwards when the testicle is pulled downwards. Diagnosis - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Inguinal hernia B) Congenital hydrocele C) Encysted hydrocele of the cord D) Varicocele ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Pain and temperature sensation are transmitted by? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Dorsal column B) Lateral spinothalamic tract C) Ventral spinothalamic tract D) Spinocerebellar tract ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> All are derived from ectoderm except ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Lens B) Eustachian tube C) Brain D) Retina ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Tannerella forsythia is a ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Nonmotile, gram-negative obligate anaerobe B) Motile, gram-negative obligate anaerobe C) Nonmotile, gram-negative obligate aerobe D) Motile, gram-negative obligate aerobe ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> On which day LH & FSH should be measured ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 1-3rd day B) 7th day C) 14th day D) 10th day ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Lepra cell are? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Histiocytes B) Monocytes C) Lymphocytes D) N K Cells ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> FDA approved drug for refractory schizophrenia ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Amoxapine B) Haloperidol C) Clozapine D) Penfluridol ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which of the following bacteria is not a primary colonizer: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Streptococci. B) Actinomyces. C) F.nucleatum. D) None. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> True of umbilical hernia - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Most common content is large intestine B) Most of the umbilical hernias disappear spontaneously C) Males are affected more than females D) Uncomplicated herenias are repaired at 1 year of age through an infraumbilical incision. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Failure rate of Pomeroy's method of tubal ligation is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 0.20% B) 0.40% C) 0.60% D) 0.80% ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Tumor NOT commonly seen in first decade of life? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Retinoblastoma B) Neuroblastoma C) Ameloblastoma D) Wilm’s tumor ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Straight sinus is formed by? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Inferior Sagittal Sinus B) Internal Jugular veins C) Superior Sagittal Sinus D) Tranverse sinus ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Fenthion is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Space spray B) Residual spray C) Stomach poison D) Fumgant ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Feilization usually occurs in which pa of fallopian tube? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Fimbrial end B) Ampulla C) Interstitium D) Isthmus ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Behavioral surveillance survey is done in ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Malaria B) Filaria C) AIDS D) TB ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> True about alkaptonuria ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Deficiency of Tyrosinase B) Urine is black C) Banedict test is not useful D) Fecl, test gives red colour ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> 24 hours wearing is possible by which functional appliances: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Harvold's activator. B) Bionator. C) Frankel's functional regulator. D) Clark's twin block appliance. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Afferents for stretch reflexes are carried by which fibers? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Aa B) Ay C) Type B D) Type C ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> False about MgSo4 is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Not used as antihypeensive B) Its dose is different for eclampsia and preeclampsia C) Deep tendon reflexes is monitored for toxicity D) It acts as a membrane stabilizer and neuroprotector ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Green colour of triage is for which patient ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Low priority B) Morbidity C) Ambulatory D) High priority ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Prognosis of treatment in case of Class II malocclusion is favorable when? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Class II malocclusion without sliding of mandible B) Class II malocclusion with anterior sliding of mandible C) Class II malocclusion with posterior sliding of mandible D) Prognosis does not depend on sliding of mandible ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> The most common cause of death in SLE in children ---- <<Choices:>> A) Lupus nephritis B) Lupus cerebritis C) Libman sacks endocarditis D) Anemia and infections ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Most common site of ectopic pregnancy is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ovary B) Fallopian tube C) Peritoneum D) Cervix ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> In comparison with the permanent mandibular canine, the permanent maxillary canine: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Has a less prominent cingulum B) Is shorter C) Has a cusp tip more nearly centered over the root when viewed from the labial. D) Has a relatively longer crown ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which of these drugs is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)agonist? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Glargine B) Pramlintide C) Exenatide D) Sitagliptin ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Absorbed fluoride is eliminated by: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Kidneys B) Lungs C) Saliva D) Intestines ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> All are true of opioid withdrawal, except:NIMHANS 10; PGI 14 ---- <<Choices:>> A) Yawning B) Hallucinations C) Lacrimation D) Piloerection ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Orange sweat is seen in: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Rifampin B) INH C) Thioacetazone D) Pyrazinamide ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which is the main function of reverse-pull headgear? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Inhibits the growth of the mandible. B) Inhibits the growth of the maxilla. C) Induces the growth of the maxilla. D) Distallization of molars. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Palpable femur head on per rectal exam is a feature of which of the following conditions? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Posterior hip dislocation B) Anterior hip dislocation C) Central hip dislocation D) Inferior hip dislocation ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Prognosis is better in? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Horizontal bone loss B) Angular bone loss C) Equal in both conditions D) All of the above ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Haemophilia A is : ---- <<Choices:>> A) X linked dominant B) X linked recessive C) Autosomal dominant D) Autosomal recessive ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Treatment of choice for squamous cell carcinoma of anus below dentate line is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy B) Wide local excision C) Sphincter sparing surgery D) Monoclonal antibodies ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> In porphyria all the following drugs are safe EXCEPT: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Propofol B) Midazolam C) Alfentanyl D) Pentazocine ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Corneal ulcer resembling fungal ulcer is seen in infection with which of the agents? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Nocardia asteroides B) Mycobacterium C) Klebsiella pneumoniae D) Chlamydia trachomatis ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Multi-unit smooth muscle present at all except ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Blood vessels B) Iris C) Gut D) Ductus deferens ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which ACE inhibitor in safe in renal failure ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Captopril B) Enalapril C) Benazapril D) None ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Abuse of which of the following is the most common cause of seizures: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Short term benzodiazepines B) Short term barbiturates C) Opioids D) Cocaine ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Cause of bilateral optic atrophy ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Trauma to optic nerve B) Intracranial neoplasma C) CRAO D) Optic neuritis ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Mosaic pattern of coment line is characteristically seen in - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Hypehyroidism B) Paget's disease of bone C) Renal osteodystrophy D) Osteomalacia ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Proteins which are present in attached plaque: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Desmoplakin. B) Plakoglobin. C) Both. D) None. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Most common influenza virus causing disease? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Type A B) Type B C) Type C D) Type D ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Not associated with endometrial hyperplasia ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) PCOD B) Glucose intolerance C) H D) Unopposed exposure to progesterone ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Maximum oral structures are having their origin from ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ectoderm B) Mesoderm C) Endoderm D) None of the above ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Longitudinal studies: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Are economical B) Are efficient C) Single outcome D) For identifying risk factors of disease ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Yawning is a common feature of ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Coccaine toxicity B) Opioid withdrawl C) Alcohol intoxication D) All of the above ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Most common route of nosocomial infection ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Droplet transmission B) Direct contact C) Indirect contact D) Vehicle transmission ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which is increased in plasma of chronic hea disease pts ---- <<Choices:>> A) BNP B) Endothelin 1 C) Coisol D) None ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Increase in Duration of expiration is due to? ---- <<Choices:>> A) J-reflex B) Head's paradoxical reflex C) Hering-Breure reflex D) Proprioceptors ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Uhthoff's sign is seen in: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Parkinsonism B) Cerebral palsy C) Multiple sclerosis D) Alzheimer's disease ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Fluoroquinolones with maximum bioavailability is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Moxifloxacin. B) Gatifloxacin. C) Levofloxacin D) Ciprofloxacin ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> In type la maple syrup urine disease, gene mutation seen is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ela B) Elb C) E2 D) E3 ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> After periodontal surgery, epithelial reattachment to root by hemidesmosomes occurs within? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 1 week B) 2 weeks C) 4 days D) 4 weeks ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Onion peel appearanace on Xray is seen in which of the following conditions ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ewings Sarcoma B) Osteosarcoma C) Giant cell tumour D) Eosinophilic granuloma ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Fastest acting anti malarial drug is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Chloroquine B) Quinine C) Mefloquine D) Aether ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Rolled leaf tobacco is used inside a leaf of jack fruit tree is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Hookli B) Dhumti C) Chillum D) Chutta ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Fair bank’s triangle is seen in? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Tibia vara B) Genu valgum C) Hip fracture D) Coxa vara ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Definitive treatment of adenomyosis is ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) OC pills B) NSAIDS C) Endometrial ablation D) Hysterectomy ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> True about heparin induced thrombocytopenia ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Low molecular weight heparin is better alternative B) Antibodies are formed against platelets C) Vitamin K is specific antidote D) Within 12 hours of staing heparin ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> SARS infection case fatality rate of >50% is observed in patients of which age group? ---- <<Choices:>> A) < 20 yrs B) 20 - 40 years C) 40 - 60 years D) > 65 years ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which of these steps is followed first for the management of shoulder dystocia after McRobes maneuver? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Sharp flexion of hip joints towards abdomen B) Supra pubic pressure C) 90 degree rotation of posterior shoulder D) Emergency c-section ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which of the following drug can be given in patients of primary pulmonary hypeension? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Icatibant B) Bosentan C) Labetolol D) Sodium nitroprusside ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Loeffer's serum is an example of ---- <<Choices:>> A) Basal medium B) Simple medium C) Complex medium D) Enrichment medium ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Mother of a Aggressive, demanding child could be: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Over indulgent. B) Overprotective. C) Under affectionate. D) Rejecting. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Respiratory bronchioles are formed from ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Principal bronchus B) Terminal bronchioles C) Teiary Bronchus D) Lobar bronchioles ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Mission Indradhanush was launched in 2014 for? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Children B) Adolescent C) Geriatrics D) None of the above ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> A seasamoid bone is present in the tendon of? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Flexor hallucis longus B) Ext. hallucis brevis C) Adductor hallucis D) Flexor hallucis brevis ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Most commonly used drug for prophylaxis of migraine is? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Sumatriptan B) Propranolol C) Valproate D) Flunarizine ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Permission from DCGI is needed before which phase of drug trial? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Phase 1 B) Phase 2 C) Phase 3 D) Phase 4 ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Fresh water swimming leads to infection by - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Bordetella peussis B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) M tuberculosis D) Pseudomonas ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Maximum concentration for epidural block ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Bupivacaine B) Lidocaine C) Ropivacaine D) Chlorprocaine ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Featherless preparation is also known as: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Shoulderless B) Shoulder with bevel C) Knife edge D) All of the above ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> hL/h blood group- ---- <<Choices:>> A) lacks H- antigen B) lacks A-antigen C) lacks B- antigen D) Alloftheabove ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Toronto Automated Probe is made up of ---- <<Choices:>> A) 0.5 mm Ni wire B) 0.5 mm Ti wire C) 0.5 mm SS wire D) None of the above ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Most commonly affected in ormond's disease ---- <<Choices:>> A) Aoa B) IVC C) Ureter D) Gonadal vessels ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> As per the bone bending theory, the convex surface: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Acquires negative charge B) Acquires positive charge C) May acquire positive or negative charge D) Does not show any charge on surface ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Mechanism of heat loss in modern X-ray tube is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Radiation B) Evaporation C) Conduction D) Convection ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which of the following fractures of the neck of femur are associated with maximal compromise in blood supply ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Interochantericfractures B) Basicervical fracture C) Trans cervical fracture D) Sub Capital fractures ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Key Etiological agent in localized Aggressive periodontitis is : ---- <<Choices:>> A) A . A. Comitans. B) F . Nucleatum. C) Provetella. D) Capnocytophaga. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Man-made dentin is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Zinc phosphate cement B) GIC C) Calcium hydroxide cement D) ZOE cement ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Health center in remotest area for planning and management of schemes: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Anganwadi B) Block centre C) Sub-centre D) PHC ---- <<Answer:>>

D

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> All of the following is true about hea transplantation except - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Immmunosupression is staed preoperatively B) It is only ohotopic and not heterotopic C) A Beating hea cadaver/donor is needed D) High Pulmonary aerial resistance in a contra indication ---- <<Answer:>>

D

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Motilin secretion decreased in ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Thirsty B) Starving C) Ingested meal D) Interdigestive state ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which of the following is most specific for arsenic poisoning ? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Red velvety stomach mucosa B) Blue lining on gums C) Tremors D) Anemia ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> occlusal rest seats can be prepared on: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Sound enamel. B) Amalgum. C) Cast restoration. D) All of the above. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Limiting structures in the maxilla: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Labial frenum. B) Hamular notch. C) Posterior palatal seal. D) All of the above. ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which tendon is lodged in the groove on posterior surface of lateral malleolus? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Peroneus longus B) Tibialis anterior C) Tibialis posterior D) Flexor Hallucis Longus ---- <<Answer:>>

D

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<<Question:>> Which type of aery is most commonly involved in PAN? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Muscular B) Pulmonary C) Skin D) GIT ---- <<Answer:>>

D