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1,314,259,996,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To adapt to the distributed generation and increasing penetration of volatile renewable energies and to improve the overall efficiency of the power industry, the power systems have undergone a substantial change from centrally controlled, vertically integrated organizations to decentrally ...
1,314,259,996,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) is formed by stars with initial masses in the range between 0.8 and 8 M$_{\odot}$ in a late stage of their evolution. During most of the time H burning is the main source of energy for the AGB star but, occasionally, the inner He shell ignites in a ``thermal puls...
1,314,259,996,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In quantum mechanics the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation is a second order linear partial differential equation \begin{eqnarray} i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(x,t) = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2M}\nabla^2 \Psi(x,t) + U(x)\Psi(x,t), \label{SchrodingerEq} \end{eqnarray} \noindent where the si...
1,314,259,996,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mali has a literacy rate of 35\%, fifth-to-last in the world, which coincidentally is also its human development index ranking \citep{con2019hdr}. A survey by \cite{bleck2015education} revealed a strong correlation between use of French and the knowledge needed for informed citizenship and pol...
1,314,259,996,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Within the post-Moore era ahead, several design factors and fabrication constraints increasingly emphasize the requirements for in-circuit adaptation to as-built variations. These include device scaling trends towards further reductions in feature sizes~\cite{Nikonov2015}, the narrow operational...
1,314,259,996,168
arxiv
\section{Summary} Seismic inversion helps geophysicists build accurate reservoir models for exploration and production purposes. Deep learning-based seismic inversion works by training a neural network to learn a mapping from seismic data to rock properties using well log data as the labels. However, well logs are ofte...
1,314,259,996,169
arxiv
\cleardoublepage\oldsection{\cleardoublepage\oldsection} \title[Equivalence of Collet--Eckmann conditions]{Equivalence of Collet--Eckmann conditions for slowly recurrent rational maps} \author{Mats Bylund} \address{Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden} \email{mats.bylund@mat...
1,314,259,996,170
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The authors acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India under the Project Code SR/S2/CMP-71/2012. We also would like to thank Paul-Drude-Institute, Berlin, Germany for the samples and Prof. S. Ghosh of TIFR, Mumbai fo...
1,314,259,996,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the context of extensions to General Relativity, Horndeski's theories~\cite{1974IJTP...10..363H} stand out since they constitute the most general four-dimensional, diffeomorphism covariant theories leading to second order equations of motion~\cite{1974IJTP...10..363H,Woodard:2006nt,Deffayet:20...
1,314,259,996,172
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} Motivated by the development of communicative DSRs, we developed a method for generating natural fetching instructions. The proposed method (Multi-ABN) is a multimodal attention branch network that generates natural sentences including referring expressions. We summarize th...
1,314,259,996,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Evanescent light offers a very effective means of atom manipulation because of the strong induced dipole interaction between atoms and evanescent field when the field is far from resonance. Blue-detuned evanescent light, that is light tuned above the atomic resonance, can be used to guide atoms ...
1,314,259,996,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Let $Z$ be a variety over a finite field. The triangulated category of $\ell$-adic sheaves on $X$ has a full subcategory $\dbmc Z$ of ``mixed sheaves,'' defined in terms of eigenvalues of the Frobenius morphism. The existence and good formal properties of this category are a...
1,314,259,996,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) is one of the main approaches in inertial-confinement fusion (ICF). Traditional ICF approaches based on laser-driven implosions require high implosion velocities to achieve plasma conditions at stagnation that can produce significant fusion yields in the laborator...
1,314,259,996,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Clustering algorithms are a popular choice when tackling problems requiring exploratory data analysis. In this scenario, analysts can draw conclusions about data at hand without having information regarding the class membership of the given entities. Clustering algorithms aim at partitioning a gi...
1,314,259,996,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a series of papers \cite{vitt56, vitt57, vitt62, vitt65} William Leavitt studied algebras that are now denoted by $L_K(n,n+k)$ and have been coined Leavitt algebras. Let $X=(x_{ij})$ and $Y=(y_{ji})$ be $(n+k)\times n$ and $n\times (n+k)$ matrices consisting of symbols $x_{ij}$ and $y_{ji}$, r...
1,314,259,996,178
arxiv
\section*{I. Introduction} \hspace{5mm}It is well known that the individual lepton numbers $L_{e}, L_{\mu}$, and $L_{\tau}$ are automatically conserved and the tree level lepton flavor violating $(LFV)$ processes are absent in the standard model $(SM)$. However, the neutrino oscillation experiments have made one belie...
1,314,259,996,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section1} \IEEEPARstart{M}{otion} planning refers to the problem of finding a collision-free and dynamically-feasible path between the pre-specified starting configuration and the goal configuration in obstacle-cluttered environments \cite{ref1}, \cite{ref2}. Since it is often hard to achi...
1,314,259,996,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} As we all know, in sentiment analysis (SA) task~\cite{chen2019transfer,johnson2015effective,zhang2018deep}, its overall sentiment always depends to a large extent on a few key elements of the inputs. For example. Given a short movie review ``\textit{deflated ending aside, there'...
1,314,259,996,181
arxiv
\section*{ 1.\ Introduction} In the present paper, we consider the large time behavior of the Cauchy problem for a model system of radiating gas, taking the form of $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l} u_{t}+\sum\limits_{j=1}^nf_j(u)_{x_j}+{\rm div}q=0,\ \ \ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^n,\ t>0,\\[3mm] -\nabla{\rm div}q+q+\nabla ...
1,314,259,996,182
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} Pulsars in binary systems with neutron star companions provide the best available laboratories for testing theories of gravity. To date, two such systems have been used for such tests: PSR~B1913+16 \citep{tw82, tw89}, and PSR~B1534+12 \citep{sac+98, sttw02}. Both are consisten...
1,314,259,996,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Network-based technologies have permeated every aspect of our daily lives. However, the great benefits of network-based technologies come at a cost of increased vulnerability to malicious attacks. The consequences of a malicious attack on a network have become as devastating as ever. A well exec...
1,314,259,996,184
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Introduction}} The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive description, from both measure-theoretic and topological viewpoints, of the dynamics of skew product systems that have either monotone interval maps. A skew product system is a dynamical system $(\Theta \times \mathbb{X} , F )$ of the form...
1,314,259,996,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mathematical billiards serve as relevant models of various phenomena in mechanics, geometric optics and acoustics, statistical physics, and quantum physics. Such billiards also constitute one of the most popular and arguably the most visual class of dynamical systems in the mathematical studies. ...
1,314,259,996,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is currently a great interest on new measures of quantum correlations for mixed states, different from the entanglement measures \cite{BDSW.96}. Quantum entanglement is essential for quantum teleportation \cite{Be.93,NC.00} and also for pure state quantum computation, where its increas...
1,314,259,996,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Solar flares are the result of sudden energy release, often exceeding $10^{32}$ ergs, from magnetic reconnection \citep{Hudson2011}. The main manifestation of flares is extensive emission over much of the electromagnetic spectrum. Intriguingly, under some special circumstances, negative flare co...
1,314,259,996,188
arxiv
\section{I Introduction} The World Wide Web (WWW) continues its striking expansion going beyond $10^{11}$ web pages. Information retrieval from such an enormous database becomes the main challenge for WWW users. An efficient solution, known as the PageRank Algorithm (PRA) proposed by Brin and Page in 1998 \cite{brin...
1,314,259,996,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:introduction} A \emph{heap} (or \emph{priority queue}) is a data structure containing a set of items, each with an associated key selected from a totally ordered key space. Heaps support the following operations: \begin{itemize} \item[] $\mbox{\it make-heap}()$: Create and return a ne...
1,314,259,996,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the standard model, the number of fermion generations appears as an arbitrary parameter, meaning that a mathematically consistent theory can be built up using any number of fermion generations. The same is true for many extensions of the standard model, including grand unification models base...
1,314,259,996,191
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} User authentication utilizing Electroencephalography (EEG) modality is feasible provided it possesses the following biometric characteristics, namely, universality, uniqueness, permanence, and collectibility~\cite{Nakamura2017_ear}. In contrast to other established physiologi...
1,314,259,996,192
arxiv
\section{The Context} ESA's Herschel \emph{Space Laboratory} \citep{2010A&A...518L...1P} has given us an unprecedented view of the far-infrared sky. To take most advantage of its data, one must nevertheless beat the confusion due to the large beam size of it instruments, as illustrated in figure~\ref{fig:P8-21...
1,314,259,996,193
arxiv
\section{Omitted proofs from \secref{worsthit}} To prove the results in \secref{worsthit} we will need the following technical lemma: \begin{lemma} \label{lem:ballsize} Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices and minimum degree $\delta$. Then for any integer $1 \le x \le n$, the number of vertices reachable in $x$ hops fr...
1,314,259,996,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Protoplanetary disks surrounding young stars are the birthplace of planets. Forming planets are thought to interact with the parent protoplanetary disk and cause various substructures, such as an inner hole, gaps and rings, and large-scale asymmetries. High-resolution observati...
1,314,259,996,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $K$ be a number field such that $[K:\mathbb{Q}]=d$ and let $E/K$ be an elliptic curve. A celebrated theorem of Mordell and Weil shows that $E(K)$ is a finitely generated abelian group. Therefore this group can be decomposed as $E(K)=E(K)_{tors} \oplus \mathbb{Z}^{r}$, $r \ge 0$. It is known ...
1,314,259,996,196
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{Introduction} The study of flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) decays has been a fruitful avenue of research throughout the history of particle physics. Today rare $B$-meson decays based on the process $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ (where $\ell = e$ or $\mu$) provide one of the most promi...
1,314,259,996,197
arxiv
\section{Collisions and collapses}\label{s-collisions} The aim of this section is to describe the drastic changes of behaviour appearing in the topological dynamics when a family $X_\mu$ crosses the boundary of the regions we described in Section~\ref{s.cartografia}. \subsection{Collisions}\label{ss.colisao} Let...
1,314,259,996,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} Multiview learning has been an important in machine learning community \cite{Wu2012661,Sun20132031,Yu20142431,Lu2015,Zha2015,FakeriTabrizi2015117,Liu20151233,liu2015supervised,sindhwani2008rkhs,wang2015regularized}. In traditional machine learning problems, we usuall...
1,314,259,996,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The determination and knowledge of basic physical parameters of stellar and sub-stellar sources provides the basis for astrophysics. Observations allow us to determine distance \citep[using parallaxes;][]{dl12,fah12}, age \citep[through membership in clusters or moving groups;][]{per98}, mass \c...
1,314,259,996,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}} Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (Si MOSFETs) support a highly conductive two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system where coupling to a metallic gate allows tuning of electron density in the 2DEG over a wide range. Decreasing density can drive the 2D...
1,314,259,996,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper aims to address two principle questions in the degree diameter problem (a survey of which can be found in \cite{degree-diameter-survey}). The first question, posed in \cite{when-cayley}, concerns when the G\'omez graphs are Cayley. To this question we provide a solution in the extrema...
1,314,259,996,202
arxiv
\section{Other Metrics} \label{app:other_metrics} In this section we define other metrics of interest. In particular, we consider an adversarial setting (e.g., in the case of bio-warfare) where if our observers are known, the adversary would select the worst location for the source. First, we consider minimum success...
1,314,259,996,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \def\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}{0} During the last few years a series of theoretical works that combine the Chiral Perturbation Theory (CHPT) expansion \cite{wein,gl} with unitarity in a consistent way \cite{npa,n...
1,314,259,996,204
arxiv
\section{The ALICE Collaboration} \begingroup \small \begin{flushleft} J.~Adam\Irefn{org40}\And D.~Adamov\'{a}\Irefn{org86}\And M.M.~Aggarwal\Irefn{org90}\And G.~Aglieri Rinella\Irefn{org36}\And M.~Agnello\Irefn{org32}\textsuperscript{,}\Irefn{org112}\And N.~Agrawal\Irefn{org49}\And Z.~Ahammed\Irefn{org135}\And S.~Ah...
1,314,259,996,205
arxiv
\section{Motivation and relation to previous work} The framework of \emph{Sesqui-Pushout (SqPO) rewriting} has been introduced relatively recently in~\cite{Corradini_2006} as a novel alternative to the pre-existing algebraic graph transformation frameworks known as \emph{Double-Pushout (DPO)}~\cite{Ehrig1973,Ehrig19...
1,314,259,996,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sub:intro} The recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have promoted the evolution of conventional computer-aided industry to \emph{smart industry} featured with data-driven decision making \cite{Lade:IEEEIS2018}. During this paradigm shift, Internet of Things (I...
1,314,259,996,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The construction of confidence sets is one of the fundamental problems of statistical inference, along with parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Consider a model $\{P_f: f\in\mathcal{F}\}$, indexed by a family of functions $\mathcal{F}$, and observe (some quantity $n$ of) data from the t...
1,314,259,996,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Digital twins are a major trend in the field of digitalization \cite{grieves2017digital,tao2018digital,jones2020characterising,hartmann2021digital}. They extend Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) concepts along the complete life cycle providing novel means for enhanced dec...
1,314,259,996,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1_intro} \input{sections/FM_1_introduction} \section{Heteroskedastic finite mixture panel normal regression model}\label{sec:2_model} \input{sections/FM_2_finite_mixture} \section{Likelihood ratio test for $H_0:M = 1$ against $H_A:M=2$}\label{sec:3_test_1} \input{sections/F...
1,314,259,996,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig1.eps} \caption{BKT temperature computed for the square lattice (gray) and for the Lieb lattice with a half-filled flat band (blue, green and yellow) with different values of the hopping staggering (see Fig.~\ref{fi...
1,314,259,996,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Single transverse-spin asymmetries (SSAs) in both high energy lepton-hadron and hadronic scattering processes have attracted considerable attention from both experimental and theoretical communities over the years \cite{D'Alesio:2007jt}. Generally, defined as $A_N\equiv ...
1,314,259,996,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Weak lensing surveys are expected to make significant contribution in constraining cosmology by studying the statistics of dark matter distribution in the nearby universe in an unbiased way. For instance, Contaldi et al.(2003) used the Red Cluster Sequence (RCS) to show ...
1,314,259,996,213
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Within the area of matching-based market design, the most prominent solution that uses cardinal utilities\footnote{For a brief comparison of cardinal and ordinal utilities for matching markets, see Section \ref{sec.related}.} is the Hylland-Zeckhauser (HZ) mechanism \cite{hyll...
1,314,259,996,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dependency measures $\mathcal{D}(X,Y)$ are employed in data mining to assess the strength of the dependency between two continuous or categorical variables $X$ and $Y$. If the variables are continuous, we can use Pearson's correlation to detect linear dependencies, or use more sophisticated mea...
1,314,259,996,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} For a set of integers $A$ we denote by $A-A$ the set of all differences $a-a'$ with $a$ and $a'$ in $A$, and if $A$ is a finite set we denote its cardinality by $|A|$. S\'{a}rk\"{o}zy \cite{Sarkozy1} proved, by the Hardy-Littlewood method, that if $A$ is a subset of $\{1, \ldots, ...
1,314,259,996,216
arxiv
\section{$\bm{P(s)}$ distribution\label{A5}} A valuable clue as to the role of the `hard' scale $s \sim T^2$, appearing in Eq.~\eq{m1}, is provided by the thermal weight $P[\chi]$, emerging from \eq{baym}, whose properties we now explore. Firstly, the condition for normalisation, i.\,e.\ $\int d s P(s) = 2b$, is con...
1,314,259,996,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Technicolor \cite{Weinberg:1979bn,Susskind:1978ms} remains as one of the compelling alternatives to electroweak symmetry breaking extending the simple Higgs sector of the Standard Model (SM). Earliest models based on scaled up QCD run into trouble with precision data \cite{Peskin:1990zt}. Recent...
1,314,259,996,218
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{INTRODUCTION} Many precise results from several years of successful $B$--factories' running disfavor significant ($\gessim 10\%$) contributions from ``New Physics'' (NP) in tree-dominated \bgmeson\ decays. Agreement with the Standard Model (SM) is also found in higher-order processes such ...
1,314,259,996,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Solutions of {\it certain} linear elliptic boundary value problems can be expanded in complete sets of eigenfunctions. Unfortunately, the actual form of these eigenfunctions is known for only simple geometries. In fact, only geometries that allow separation of variables yield well known expressi...
1,314,259,996,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The 5th generation of wireless communication standards demand more stringent deadlines with higher throughput demands compared to their 4th generation counterparts. Extensive work in the literature has emerged to satisfy these requirements. Offloading the data from the base station (BS) to cellul...
1,314,259,996,221
arxiv
\section*{Declarations} \label{sec:dec} \noindent \textbf{Conflict of Interest}\\ The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose in relation to this article.\\ \noindent \textbf{Funding/Support Statement}\\ Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project Number 327...
1,314,259,996,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The convolution operators with non-singular kernels have drawn, in recent years, a wide interest, from both the theoretical and the applied points of view: see, for example, \cite{LOS}, \cite{ATAN}, \cite{YAN}, \cite{ZHE}, \cite{ARS} and the references therein. Let $f:\mathbb{R}^{+}\righ...
1,314,259,996,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{W}{e} consider a network of \( N \) agents. Each agent \( k \) is equipped with a local, stochastic cost of the form \( J_k(w) = \E_x Q_k(w; \x_k) \), where \( w \in \mathds{R}^M \) denotes a parameter vector and \( \x_k \) denotes random data. In Part I~\cite{Vla...
1,314,259,996,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The discovery of neutrino mass is one of the first clear cases of physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrino oscillation is now firmly established as the leading mechanism for flavor changes in neutrinos~\cite{solar,kl,atm,chooz,k2k,minos,limits}. This has triggered substantial...
1,314,259,996,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Question Answering (QA) is an important task to evaluate the reading comprehension capacity of an intelligent system and can be directly applied to real applications such as search engines~\citep{kwiatkowski-etal-2019-natural} and dialogue systems~\citep{reddy-etal-2019-coqa,choi-etal-2018-quac}...
1,314,259,996,226
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} {The analysis of the phases of strong interactions presents many fascinating aspects -- mechanisms of confinement, different realisations of the chiral symmetry, the nature of the symmetric phase, the emergence of conformality, and many others. All these topics are under...
1,314,259,996,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the general framework of machine learning, the learning procedure can be viewed as a system (referred to as \emph{agent} in this paper) that runs an algorithm on a given dataset in order to return a hypothesis for predicting the unseen data. Typically, these algorithms require a large amount o...
1,314,259,996,228
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Since the early work of Sandstr{\"o}m \cite{Sandstrom08} on marine glacial discharges in Norwegian Fjords and his pioneering work on ocean circulation through fresh/cold and salty/warm water differential inputs, attempts to lin...
1,314,259,996,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the basis sets describing atoms and molecules have been extensively studied and optimized~\cite{Jensen,Szabo}, significant opportunities exist for the improvement of molecule-optimized basis sets and Hamiltonians for the acceleration of electronic structure computations, especially i...
1,314,259,996,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lagrangian particle methods approximate the solution of flow equations using a cloud of points which move with the flow. Examples are vortex methods \cite{seibold::Chorin1973}, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) \cite{seibold::Lucy1977,seibold::GingoldMonaghan1977}, or generalized SPH methods...
1,314,259,996,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has witnessed multi-fold increase in face mask use for protection against viral infection, with many countries now mandating face masks in public areas \cite{CDCFMask}. This sudden demand surge has created a scarcity of face masks, necessitating homemade cloth mask f...
1,314,259,996,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the sheer volume of online information, much attention has been given to data-driven recommender systems. Those systems automatically guide users to discover products or services respecting their personal interests from a large pool of possible options. Numerous recommendation techniques h...
1,314,259,996,233
arxiv
\section{Rasbha Spin-Orbit Interaction} The Rashba spin-orbit interaction has been shown \cite{Schapers1998,Lange.1996} to consist of two parts: an electric field contribution and a valence band offset contribution. The electric field component can be understood as an average of the electric field by the effective mas...
1,314,259,996,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Event correlation reasoning is critical for AI systems since it benefits many downstream tasks. Figure~\ref{fig:intro_case} lists several examples of event-related reasoning tasks. Figure~\ref{fig:intro_case}(left) is an example of abductive reasoning, which aims to infer the most plausible expla...
1,314,259,996,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The chiral quark model (CQM) \cite{1,2,Polosa:2000ym} gives a good phenomenogical description of chiral symmetry breaking and reasonable values for the Gasser Leutwyler cofficients, but does not describe meson states with masses $\sim 1 $ GeV and does not provide a model for chiral symmetry ...
1,314,259,996,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{introduction} \subsection{Model and Definitions} \label{sec:definition} \input{definitions} \subsection{Our Results} \input{results} \subsection{Related Work} \label{sec:related} \input{related_work} \section{A Robust Algorithm for Online Packing LPs} \label{sec:algo} \input{lp_...
1,314,259,996,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Image states, arising from the polarization-induced interaction between an electron and a surface, offer the possibility for electron trapping at a surface. Since their original prediction\cite{CC69} for the surface of liquid and solid He, they have been extensively studied for metallic surfac...
1,314,259,996,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Clustering techniques are common in multivariate data analysis, data mining, machine learning, and so on. The goal of the clustering or partitioning problem is to find groups such that entities within the same group are similar and different groups are dissimilar. In the graph-partitioning proble...
1,314,259,996,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Steering the collective behaviour of a network of dynamical agents towards a desired common target state is a fundamental problem in network control \cite{CHEN2013,Cornelius2013,LiuS2011}. A paradigmatic example is the problem of achieving consensus, where the goal is for all agent states in the...
1,314,259,996,240
arxiv
\subsection{Algorithm to Generate Noise with Staircase Distribution} \begin{algorithm} \caption{Generation of Random Variable with Staircase Distribution} \label{algo:staircase_mech} \begin{algorithmic} \State \textbf{Input: } $\e$, $\D$, and $\gamma \in [0,1]$. \State \textbf{Output: } $\noise$, a random varia...
1,314,259,996,241
arxiv
\section*{Introduction.} Mirror symmetry got its start in 1989 with work of Greene and Plesser \cite{GrPl} and Candelas, Lynker and Schimmrigk \cite{CLS}. These two works first observed the existence of pairs of Calabi-Yau manifolds exhibiting an exchange of Hodge numbers. Recall that by Yau's proof of the Calabi conj...
1,314,259,996,242
arxiv
\section{introduction} One of the key features of relativistic (massless) free particle states is that they evolve, at least in effectively one-dimensional situations, in time without spreading. This in turn relies on the linear nature of the relativistic dispersion relation which for photons reads $\omega(k)=ck...
1,314,259,996,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is concerned with the combinatorial structure of the polytopes of probability models which are widely studied in quantum information and foundations. Much current study focusses on the \emph{no-signalling polytope} \cite{popescu2014nonlocality,pironio2011extremal}, comprising those pr...
1,314,259,996,244
arxiv
\section{Transformations and dynamics} One of the biggest and most fundamental questions in relativity theory is what does it mean that something is ``relativistic". Newton assumed the absolute reference frame and defined relative motion as the difference of two absolute motion vectors to be observed from the outside o...
1,314,259,996,245
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading} In recent times the study of the quantum systems that are interacting with their surroundings has acquired a lot of attention in different fields ranging from condensed matter \cite{weiss,Hu,Rammer,Kamenev}, quantum information \cite{Banerjee:2019b}, subatomic physics \...
1,314,259,996,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivations} Due to their many desirable properties such as sparse multiscale representations and fast transforms, orthogonal wavelets have been employed in many applications such as signal/image processing and numerical algorithms (\cite{daubook}). As a generalization of an orthogonal wavele...
1,314,259,996,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider in this paper numerical approximation of the following magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) equations \cite{sermange1983some}: \begin{subequations}\label{e_MHD_model} \begin{align} \frac{\partial \textbf{u} }{\partial t} + ( \textbf{u} \cdot \nabla ) \textbf{u} - \nu \Delta \...
1,314,259,996,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this letter we report the results of some Molecular Dynamics simulations of a one component model of plasma. In particular we estimate the diffusion coefficient $D_{\perp}$ transverse to the magnetic field, in the case of a weakly coupled plasma, for different values of temperature $T$ and o...
1,314,259,996,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent\indent In this paper, we are concerned with isentropic compressible Euler equations with a nonlinear term: \begin{equation}\label{a1} \left\{\begin{aligned} &\partial_{t}\rho+\partial_{x}(\rho u)=0,\\ &\partial_{t}(\rho u)+\partial_{x}(\rho u^{2}+p)=\beta\rho|u|^{\alpha}u, \end{aligned}\...
1,314,259,996,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout the paper, we focus only on commutative rings with a nonzero identity. Let $R$ will always denote such a ring. We will denote the set of all ideals of $R$ by $\mathcal{I}(R)$. A proper ideal $I$ of $R$ is an element $I\in\mathcal{I}(R)$ with $I\neq R$. For many years, numerous types o...
1,314,259,996,251
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Intro} Introduction} Many well motivated extensions to the standard model predict the existence of a new family of particles, the so called Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particles (WISPs). As the name suggests, they all share a very low rest mass below 1~eV and very feeble interactions with the standard...
1,314,259,996,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} We consider two-player zero-sum {\em graph games}; a fundamental model with applications, e.g., in multi-agent systems \cite{AHK02}. A graph game is played on a finite directed graph as follows. A token is placed on a vertex and the players move it throughout the graph to produce...
1,314,259,996,253
arxiv
\section{Section 1. Proof of Theorem 1} \label{TheoremProof} We present a proof for Theorem 1. Any $n+1$ partite qubit state $\ket{\psi} \in \mathcal{H}_2^{\otimes (n+1)}$ might be written as \begin{equation} \label{Peq111} \ket{\psi}=\ket{0} \ket{\psi_0} + \ket{1}\ket{\psi_1}. \end{equation} Such a form provides the ...
1,314,259,996,254
arxiv
\section{Scattering states} We linearize the problem and consider $+/-$ (where $+/-$ corresponds to the vicinity of $\pm k_F$, i.e. right- and left-movers) and use the ansatz \begin{equation} \psi_{1,2} = \begin{pmatrix} a^+_e e^{i k_F x} e^{i(k+q)x + i \varphi_{1,2}/2}\\ a^+_h e^{i k_F x} e^{i(k-q)x - i \varphi_{1,...
1,314,259,996,255
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} We use Latent-Dynamic Conditional Random Fields to perform skeleton-based pointing gesture classification at each time instance of a video sequence, where we achieve a frame-wise pointing accuracy of roughly $83\%$. Subsequently, we determine continuous time sequences of arbitrary length that form i...
1,314,259,996,256
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Given a group~$G$ with finite generating set~$S$ the cogrowth problem considers elements in the free monoid, $S^*$, on $S$ whose images in $G$ are equal to the identity; this is a sublanguage of $S^*$. We denote the set of these elements by $\mathcal{L}(G;S)$, or simply $\math...
1,314,259,996,257
arxiv
\section{\label{introduction} Introduction} The bright Saturn Nebula NGC\,7009 is known for its rich and prominent optical recombination lines (ORLs) of heavy element ions, especially those of O~{\sc ii}, ever since the spectrophotographic observations of Wyse \cite{wyse1942}, who published and analyzed deep spectra o...
1,314,259,996,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The problem of finding a path in road networks has been of great importance. Given the significance of the problem area, several researchers (e.g., \cite{tdrive, jing1998hierarchical,Demiryurek2011,Gunturi2015,byang18,Delling2008hb}) have explored it from different aspects. Among th...
1,314,259,996,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the least well understood features of hadronic physics is the $\Delta I=1/2$ rule in non-leptonic kaon decays. Decays in which isospin changes by $\Delta I=1/2$ are greatly enhanced over those with $\Delta I=3/2$. The particular example we focus on here is the ratio of amplitudes for $K\t...
1,314,259,996,260
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the recent years, neural networks (NNs) have become state of the art in processing various kinds of data types, such as, e.\,g., high-dimensional numerical data \cite{}, images \cite{}, time series \cite{}, or language data \cite{jones1995,collobert2011,martinez2013,cambria2012,lawrence...
1,314,259,996,261
arxiv
\section{Notation and terminology}\label{sec1} We consider a complex $m$-convex Fr\'echet algebra, that is an algebra $X$ over the complex numbers that at the same time is a (locally convex) Fr\'echet space whose topology is induced by an increasing sequence $(\|\cdot\|_q)_{q\geq 1}$ of seminorms that are submultipli...
1,314,259,996,262
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In order to develop a practical natural language processing (NLP) system, it is essential to deal with ill-formed sentences that cannot be parsed correctly according to the grammar rules in the system. In this paper, an ``ill-formed sentence'' means one that cannot be parsed as a unified structu...