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1,314,259,996,063 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The optimal stopping time problem has been wildely studied in case of {\em reward} given by a right continuous left limited (RCLL) positive adapted process $(\phi_t)$ defined on $[0, T]$ (see for example Shiryaev (1978), El Karoui (1981), Karatzas and Shreve (1998) or Peskir and Shiryaev (200... |
1,314,259,996,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction of the problem and the main results}
This paper is a continuation of the analysis initiated in \cite{LePa1,
LMP-prs1, LMP-prs2, a4, LePa2}, regarding the scaling of the residual
energy and the derivation of the dimensionally-reduced models in the
description of shape-formation in prestrained th... |
1,314,259,996,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last decade, deep learning and other representation learning approaches have achieved remarkable success, largely obviating the need for manual feature engineering and achieving new state-of-the-art scores across a broad range of data types, tasks, and domains.
However, they have larg... |
1,314,259,996,066 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of quantum spin ice (QSI) on three dimensional (3D) pyrochlore lattice has attracted considerable attention \cite{Huang,juan,gin, zhi, you,sun1, sun4,sun4a, udaa, uda, sun5,sun6,sun7}. Huang-Chen-Hermele \cite{Huang} have proposed an alternative Hamiltonian for QSI in 3D pyrochlore ... |
1,314,259,996,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
PbMg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$O$_3$ crystallizing in the cubic perovskite
structure is one of the most studied dielectrics as the typical
representative of relaxor ferroelectrics. It exhibits a high
($\sim$10$^{4}$) and strongly diffused peak in the temperature
dependent permittivity whose position remar... |
1,314,259,996,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Unsupervised generation of data is a dynamic area of machine learning and a very active research
frontier in areas ranging from language processing and music generation to materials and drug discovery.
In any of these fields, it is often advantageous to guide the generative model towards some ... |
1,314,259,996,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In the past decade, $\approx$~130 extrasolar planets have been discovered as companions to late-type dwarfs mostly from Precise Radial Velocities (PRV; e.g.~Walker et al.~1995) from which the Keplerian orbital parameters and minimum planetary masses can be derived. From transiting... |
1,314,259,996,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let ${\mathbb D}=\{\lambda\in{\mathbb C}: |\lambda|<1\}$ denote the unit disk. For $\lambda',\lambda''\in{\mathbb D}$ we define the M\"obius function $m$ on ${\mathbb D}$ as
$$
m(\lambda', \lambda'')=\left|\frac{\lambda'-\lambda''}{1-\bar \lambda'\lambda''}\right|,
$$
and the Poincar\'e functio... |
1,314,259,996,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The energy spectra and relative abundances of cosmic rays (CR) are key observables for a theoretical understanding of the acceleration and propagation mechanisms of charged particles in our Galaxy~\cite{Drury, Ohira2011,Malkov,Blasi2012,Tomassetti,Vladimirov,Ptuskin,Thoudam,Bernard,Serpico,Ohira2... |
1,314,259,996,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Students of mathematics are introduced at undergraduate level to a number of
distinct subjects called \textit{algebra}. In pre-calculus
algebra\footnote{P\'{O}C: when I first came to the US, I often answered the question \textit{What do you teach?} with the response \textit{Algebra}. On one ... |
1,314,259,996,073 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The purpose of this note is to show that a small variant of the methods used by Voisin in \cite{Voisin1} and \cite{Voisin2} leads to a surprisingly quick proof of the gonality conjecture of \cite{GL3}, asserting that one can read off the gonality of an algebraic curve $C$ from its syzyg... |
1,314,259,996,074 | arxiv |
\section{Preliminaries}
\label{sec:FPL}
In this section, we give a brief introduction to the
Fokker-Planck-Landau equation, the Fokker-Planck collision operator
and some related properties.
\subsection{Fokker-Planck-Landau equation}
As in many other kinetic theories in physics, the distribution
function of a specif... |
1,314,259,996,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Human learning is organized into a curriculum of interdependent learning situations of various complexities. For sure, Homer learned to formulate words before he could compose the Iliad. This idea was first transferred to machine learning in \mycite{selfridge}, where authors designed a \textit{... |
1,314,259,996,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and highlights}
\label{sub:intro}
The study of black holes in M(atrix) theory holds a treasure trove of insight into quantum gravity and the nature of spacetime. As a non-perturbative formulation of M-theory, Matrix theory~\cite{Banks:1996vh,Bigatti:1997jy} can in principle access and potentiall... |
1,314,259,996,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $1\leq d\leq 3$, $\Omega\subset\R^d$ be a bounded smooth domain and $T>0$ be fixed.
We consider the following Euler-Poisson system with linear damping and confinement
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
\partial_t \vr + {{\mathrm{div}}_x}\, (\vr \vec{u}) & = 0, &&\text{ in } (0,T) \times \... |
1,314,259,996,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The AdS/CFT correspondence, an exact duality between quantum gravity on a $(d{+}1)$-dimensional asymptotically-AdS space and a $d$-dimensional CFT defined on its boundary,
has significantly advanced our understanding of quantum gravity, as well as provided a powerful framework for studying stron... |
1,314,259,996,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase imaging plays a crucial role in the fields of optical, X-ray and electron microscopy \cite{optical1,optical2,x-ray,electron}. The phase of biological cells and tissues carries important information about the structure and intrinsic optical properties in microscopic imaging. Although this i... |
1,314,259,996,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Lov\'{a}sz Local Lemma (LLL), first introduced in \cite{lll-orig}, is a cornerstone principle in probability theory. In its simplest symmetric form, it states that if one has a probability space $\Omega$ and a set of $m$ ``bad'' events $\mathcal B$ in that space, and each such event has proba... |
1,314,259,996,081 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A large class of ${\cal N}=1$ superconformal field theories arise from D3-branes transverse to Calabi--Yau singularities. The near-horizon geometry is AdS$_5\times X$ where $X$ is a Sasaki--Einstein space, that is the base of a non-compact CY cone \cite{Klebanov:1998hh,Morrison:1998cs,Benvenuti:... |
1,314,259,996,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
The Kirchberg--Phillips theorem -- proved independently by Kirchberg \cite{Kirchberg-simple} and Phillips \cite{Phillips-classification} in the mid 90s -- was one of the first major breakthroughs in the Elliott classification programme, constituting a complete $K$-theoretic cl... |
1,314,259,996,083 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
The geometric and electronic properties of hydrogenated graphene are investigated by the DFT calculations. The chemical and physical properties are enriched by the configuration and concentration of adatoms. The strong H-C bonds and the drastic changes in C-C bonds dominate the optimized geomet... |
1,314,259,996,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
General relativity (GR) remains among the most successful physics theory at the moment and still attracts interest of many physicists today. For example, in 2015, LIGO's finding on gravitational waves from binary black hole merger that occurred billions of years ago \cite{grav_waves... |
1,314,259,996,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Analog Integrated Circuit (IC) design is a complex process involving multiple steps. Billions of nanoscale transistor devices are fabricated on a silicon die and connected via intricate metal layers during those steps. The final product is an IC, which powers much of our life today. An essential ... |
1,314,259,996,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep Learning has revolutionised many fields of science including pattern recognition and machine learning. Its tremendous power in learning the non-linear relationships between visible and hidden layers over many layers of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) makes it suitable for learning the most powe... |
1,314,259,996,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{section-intro}
\section{Preliminaries}
\label{se:prelim}
\input{section-prelim}
\section{Conditioning of Tropical Diagrams}
\label{se:conditioning}
\input{section-conditioning}
\bibliographystyle{alpha}
\subsection{Motivation}
Let $\Xcal\in\prob\<\Gbf\>$ be a $\Gbf$-diagram o... |
1,314,259,996,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the advent of convolutional neural networks, object detection in images has improved significantly giving rise to several object detection algorithms like YOLO \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/RedmonDGF15}, SSD \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/LiuAESR15}, etc. Most object detection networks work with raw ... |
1,314,259,996,089 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction}
Confined fluid systems are an important field of study due to the great range of applications and situations where they can be found. Physically interesting systems in biology or chemistry involve dealing with confined particles, such as carbon nanotubes\cite{Ketal11,MCH11... |
1,314,259,996,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The last decade has seen a period of intense scrutiny for the flavour structure of the Standard Model (SM). The plethora of experimental results has served as a catalyst to investigate the different sectors, both from the SM point of view as well as looking at possible effects of New Physics (NP... |
1,314,259,996,091 | arxiv |
\section{Discount Values and Weights in Modified Kneser Ney}
\label{app:kmn}
The discount value $D(c)$ used in formula~(\ref{eq:smoothing:mod-kneser-ney-high}) is defined as~\cite{J:CSL:1999:ChenG}:
{\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:smoothing:mod-kneser-ney-d}
D(c)=
\begin{cases}\ 0 & \text{if}\ c=0 \\
D_1 & ... |
1,314,259,996,092 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the academic discussion of algorithmic bias has an over 20-year long history ~\cite{friedman1996bias}, we have now reached a transitional phase in which this debate has taken a practical turn. The growing awareness of algorithmic bias and the need to responsibly build and deploy Artificial ... |
1,314,259,996,093 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
Spin-dependent transport through nanostructures such as quantum dots has recently created a lot interest due to potential spintronics applications.~\cite{fabian_semiconductor_2007,barnas_spin_2008} Of particular interest are quantum-dot spin valves~\cite{konig_interaction-driven_... |
1,314,259,996,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The horizontal motion of particles of an ideal fluid on a free surface
obeys a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which only depend on the surface and its space-time gradient and curvature. \cite{John1953} derived the equations of motion for such particles on the zero-stress surfa... |
1,314,259,996,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $X=(X_n: n\geq 0)$ be a Markov chain taking values in a state space $S$. For the purpose of this paper, the state space $S$ may be discrete or continuous. In many applications settings, it is natural to consider the behavior of $X$ as a function of a parameter $\theta$ that a... |
1,314,259,996,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
High dimensional multivariate data is becoming increasingly prevalent, with the estimation of the covariance matrix for such data sets being an important fundamental problem. The classical estimator, i.e.\ the sample covariance matrix, though, is known to be highly non-r... |
1,314,259,996,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Randomness is a central concept and resource in various fields of research
in computer science, information theory and physics, in both the classical and the quantum realm.
It is an ingredient to (quantum) algorithm design, a core element in
coding and communication protocols, and plays a centr... |
1,314,259,996,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Transport systems, along with other infrastructures like power grids or communication networks, are fundamental
elements of our societies and economies. They guarantee the high level of mobility that we all experience, and which is vital for the cohesion of markets and for the qual... |
1,314,259,996,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $L$ be a $2$-component link in $S^3$ with trivial linking number. Choose a Seifert surface for each component of $L$ that misses the other component and such that the surfaces intersect transversely. The intersection of the two Seifert surfaces gives a framed link in $S^3$. Such a framed ... |
1,314,259,996,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{Pandharipande:2014fk}, Pandharipande, Solomon and Tessler constructed a rigorous theory of intersection theory on the moduli space of the disk, and proved that the generating function for these numbers obey a number of constraint conditions that are direct analogues of the KdV equation a... |
1,314,259,996,101 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
This work was supported by Naver Labs and Institute for Information \& Communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) [2017-0-01779, 2017-0-01780].
{\small
\bibliographystyle{ieee_fullname}
\section{Experiments}\label{sec:exp}
This s... |
1,314,259,996,102 | arxiv | \section*{\refname
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase{\refname}}{\MakeUppercase{\refname}}}
}
\makeatother
\providecommand{\keywords}[1]{ \small\textbf{Keywords:~~} #1}
\usepackage{listings,xcolor}
\lstdefinelanguage{ttl}{
sensitive=true,
morekeywords={nif,itsrdf,es,dbo,penn,olia,rdfs},
morecomment=[l][\color{black}]{@},
moreco... |
1,314,259,996,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Extracting information from business documents remains a significant burden for all large enterprises. Existing extraction pipelines are complex, fragile, highly engineered, and yield poor accuracy. These systems are typically trained using annotated document images whereby hum... |
1,314,259,996,104 | arxiv | \subsection{Proof}%
\title{Analog models of computations \& Effective Church Turing
Thesis: \\
Efficient simulation of Turing machines by the General Purpose Analog Computer}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
\emph{Are analog models of computations more powerful than classical
models of computations?}
From a series of ... |
1,314,259,996,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few years, scene text detection and recognition have received a lot of attention from both academia and industry, due to its numerous potential applications in image understanding and computer vision systems. Detecting text from natural scene is an open issue in computer vision field... |
1,314,259,996,106 | arxiv |
\section{Cycles assigned to ${\rm Conf}^+_w({\cal A}^n, {\cal B}, {\cal B})({\mathbb Z}^t)$}
\label{sec2.3.3}
Given an element $w\in W$, there are moduli spaces
$$
{\rm Conf}_{w}({\cal A}^n, {\cal B}, {\cal B}) \subset
{\rm Conf}({\cal A}^n, {\cal B}, {\cal B}), ~~~{\rm Conf}^{\cal O}_{w}({\cal A}^n, {\cal B}, {\ca... |
1,314,259,996,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Diagrammatic Monte Carlo methods are one of the most successful approaches to the sign problem of quantum field theories at nonzero chemical potential, e.g., see \cite{Chandrasekharan:2008gp,
Gattringer:2014nxa,Bruckmann:2015sua}. In lattice QCD at strong coupling this idea is rather old \cite{R... |
1,314,259,996,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par Flows with moving boundaries are of high significance for a variety of applications in a wide range of flow regimes -- low Reynolds number flows such as swimming fish
\citep{kern2006simulations,borazjani2009numerical}, moderate speed flows such as wind turbines \citep{arrigan2011control}, a... |
1,314,259,996,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that sparse estimation problems can be formulated as convex
optimization problems using the $\ell_1$-norm. The $\ell_1$-norm can be
generalized to continuous parameter spaces through the so-called atomic norm
\cite{Chandrasekaran:2012}.
Convex modelling of sparsity constraints h... |
1,314,259,996,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Intro}
Exceptional points (EPs) were originally introduced~\cite{Heiss1990} in quantum mechanics and are defined as the complex branch point singularities where eigenvectors associated with repeated eigenvalues of a parametric non-Hermitian operator coalesce. This distinguishes an EP from... |
1,314,259,996,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At extremely high energies, nucleus-nucleus collisions may be
described by parton interactions in the framework of perturbative
QCD (pQCD)-inspired
models \cite{HIJING,PCM,DTUNUC}. In this framework, hard or semihard
scatterings among partons dominate the reaction dynamics. They can liberate
par... |
1,314,259,996,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Manipulating quantum systems with high efficiency \cite{nielsen2010quantum,wiseman2009quantum,dong2010quantum} is a major challenge in developing quantum technology and provides recipes for
many applications such as quantum computation \cite{nielsen2010quantum}, quantu... |
1,314,259,996,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fix a prime $p \in {\bf{Z}}$. Given a profinite group $G$, let $\Lambda(G)$ denote
the ${\bf{Z}}_p$-Iwasawa algebra of $G$, which is the completed group ring
\begin{align*}\Lambda(G) = {\bf{Z}}_p[[G]] = \varprojlim_{U} {\bf{Z}}_p[G/U].\end{align*}
Here, the projective limit runs over all open n... |
1,314,259,996,114 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\par The feedback classification and equivalence problem has drawn attention of the researchers for several decades. A variety of approaches for its treatment has been proposed, developed and documented in extensive existing literature. They are the following. The first one is Cartan's equivalen... |
1,314,259,996,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cavity optomechanics, exploring the interaction between light fields and
mechanical motions, has attracted a lot of attention in the past few years for
its potential application in the ultrasensitive detection of tiny mass, force,
and displacement \cite{A1,A2,A3,A4}. One standard and simple... |
1,314,259,996,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Measurements of the production cross sections for both $\ensuremath{W}$ and $\ensuremath{Z}$
bosons in high energy $p\overline{p}$ collisions are important tests of the
Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. At hadron colliders the $\ensuremath{W}$
and $\ensuremath{Z}$ bosons... |
1,314,259,996,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The molecular simulation of polymers and oligomers is in a mature state, which allows chemistry-specific predictions of many physical properties to be made.
This includes, in particular, the prediction, or, reproduction, of density~\cite{Vagilis11mac,Du12JCTC}, viscosity... |
1,314,259,996,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Magnetospheric coherent radio emission from pulsars consist of a main pulse --
which is the most bright structure in the pulse profile and associated with
a linear polarization position angle (PPA) swing across the pulse;
sometimes an interpulse -- which is located 180$^{\circ}$ away from t... |
1,314,259,996,119 | arxiv | \subsection{Results on feas of MILP and CA-MPC}
\begin{theorem}[Existence of the zero-slack solution]
\label{th:MILP_CAMPC_relation}
Feasibility of the MILP problem~\eqref{eq:CentralMILP} implies the existence of the zero-slack solution of CA-MPC optimization \eqref{eq:campc}.
\end{theorem}
The Theorem~\ref{t... |
1,314,259,996,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since their launch in 1999, both XMM--{\it Newton} and {\it Chandra} have performed a large
($>$ 30) number of surveys covering a wide fraction of the area vs. depth plane
(see fig~1 in Brandt \& Hasinger 2005).
Thanks to vigorous programs of multiwavelength follow-up observations
which, sin... |
1,314,259,996,121 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Intergalactic C~{\sc iv}~ has been studied in the spectra of quasars at
essentially all redshifts, from the very local neighborhood in the
observed-frame UV \citep{cooksey_civ} to redshift six in the
observed-frame near-infrared \citep{becker_civ, ryan_weber_civ,
simcoe_z6, r... |
1,314,259,996,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many different situations, ranging from low to high energy
physics, we are interested in --or have access to-- only a part of
the coordinates describing a given physical system. The problem is
finding the effective dynamics that drive the interesting
variables by reducing the uninteresting o... |
1,314,259,996,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The dynamics of charge carriers in low-dimensional quantum structures has
been in the focus of interest for many years. A special role in its study is played by
probeless methods allowing the influence of contacts to be avoided.
In one of these methods the attenuation and the phase shift o... |
1,314,259,996,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
It is now widely accepted that the supermassive black holes residing
in the vast majority of early-type galaxies and bulges
\citep[e.g.,][]{yu02} can have a sizeable impact on the evolution of
their host galaxies. Semi-analytic models require a strong source of
en... |
1,314,259,996,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we investigate utility maximization problems for a
financial market where asset prices follow a diffusion process with
an unobservable Gaussian mean reverting drift modelled by an
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. It is a companion paper to \cite{Gabih et al (2022) PowerFixed} where ... |
1,314,259,996,126 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
\subsection{Proof of Lemma~\ref{lemma:functor-gfp-general}}
\begin{proof} We have
$\cF(g,\Fungfp\cF(B))\in\cA(\Fungfp\cF(B),\cF(B',\Fungfp\cF(B)))$ thus
defining an $\cF_{B'}$-coalgebra structure on $\Fungfp\cF(B)$ and hence
there exists a unique morphism $\Fungfp\cF(g)$ such that
\[
\cF(B',\Fungf... |
1,314,259,996,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-negatively curved Riemannian manifolds have been of interest from the beginning of global
Riemannian geometry. Most examples are obtained via product and quotient constructions, starting
from compact Lie groups. These include all homogeneous spaces and biquotients. Using a gluing
method, J.Ch... |
1,314,259,996,128 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
There is a continuous effort in describing of supercooled liquids
using different approaches \cite{Goetze1,Goetze2,Jaeckle,Leutheusser}.
However the phenomenon is generally not complete understood.
Supercooled fluids reveal normally a stretched
exponential decay of typical (e.g. density--dens... |
1,314,259,996,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Irregular surfaces seem
harder to tackle than regular surfaces. It is not yet clear how they fit in the geography of surfaces of general type, although some numerical restrictions are known. For instance, by \cite{appendix}, $p_g\geq 2q-4$ and if equality holds then $S$ is birational to a p... |
1,314,259,996,130 | arxiv | \section*{High-Q, nonlinear optical microresonators}
High-Q, nonlinear optical microresonators (more precisely: dielectric whispering gallery mode or ring-type resonators) have recently attracted growing attention in the scientific community. In particular frequency comb generation in high-Q microresonators has, within... |
1,314,259,996,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bicycling, as a traditional means of mobility, has gained more popularity in recent years. Bicycle mode share is rising in response to issues in modern cities, such as increases in traffic jams, land use, energy consumption, air pollution, climate change, and physical inactivity \cite{flusche201... |
1,314,259,996,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
Particle and fluid manipulations utilizing electric fields have been extensively studied due to their advantages in various applications, including colloid science \cite{anderson1989colloid}, micro/nanofluidics \cite{bazant2010induced,Zhong2015a}, chemistry \cite{Vilkner2004,West2008}, biology \ci... |
1,314,259,996,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Temporal ordering of events from semi-/un-structured textual data (e.g., news article, clinical narrative) has important applications in many practical clinical applications such as questioning and answering (e.g., personal assistance), timeline analysis (e.g., event monitoring, pathway extractio... |
1,314,259,996,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
It is one of the most important topics in both conformal and CR geometries
to study invariant differential operators.
Analytic properties of such operators are deeply connected to geometric problems,
such as the Yamabe problem and the constant $Q$-curvature problem.
... |
1,314,259,996,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section1}
To put our motivation and results into perspective, we start by recalling some results related to the second fundamental form of submanifolds in the unit spheres and standard complex projective spaces.
Let $M$ be an $n$-dimensional compact minimal submanifold in the unit spher... |
1,314,259,996,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The vertically integrated pathway of topographically steered, rotating flows across finite amplitude topography can be understood from integral constraints on the potential vorticity (PV) of the fluid \citep{yang2000water, yang2007potential}, where topographic contours represent free streamlines... |
1,314,259,996,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:int}}
Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of electrons
on protons, $ep$, at centre-of-mass energies of up to $\sqrt{s} \approx 320\,$GeV
at HERA has been central to the exploration
of proton structure and quark--gluon dynamics as
described by perturbative Quantum Chromo Dynamics (pQCD).
T... |
1,314,259,996,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conventional treatment planning in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is often described as a time-consuming trial-and-error process, as it requires the repeated solution of successively fine-tuned treatment plan optimization problems before requirements on plan quality are met. The nee... |
1,314,259,996,139 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
\label{Intro}
The bond-percolation model can be described by means of the partition sum
\begin{equation}
Z_{\rm bond}(p)=\prod_{\langle{ij}\rangle} \sum_{b_{ij}=0}^1
[(1-p) (1-b_{ij}) + p b_{ij}]=1
\label{zb}
\end{equation}
where the bond variables $b_{ij}$ are located on the edges of a lattice,
... |
1,314,259,996,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Let $G$ be a (simple, undirected, finite) graph. The
sets of vertices and edges of a graph $G$ are denoted by $V(G)$
and $E(G)$, respectively. A set $S\subseteq V(G)$ is independent
if no edge of $G$ has both its endpoints in $S$. An independent
set $S$ is maximal if no independent... |
1,314,259,996,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The defining property of topological insulators (TIs)~\cite{footnote} is the band gap in the energy spectrum of the bulk material and gapless conducting boundary states. They are edge states in the case of two-dimensional (2D) systems or surfaces states in the case of three-dime... |
1,314,259,996,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
As a successful geometric theory of gravitation,
Einstein's theory of general relativity (GR) has been confirmed in
all observations devoted to its testing to date \citep{Ashby02,Bertotti03}, in particular in famous experiments
\citep{Dyson20,Pound60,Shapiro64,Tayl... |
1,314,259,996,143 | arxiv | \section{Adjoint QCD and PNJL Models}
We extend PNJL models to the case of $SU(3)$ gauge theory with $N_f=2$ of Dirac fermions in the adjoint representation \cite{Nishimura:2009me}.
For gauge bosons, the one-loop free energy in a
background Polyakov loop is given by
\begin{equation}
V_{GL}=2\, Tr_{A}[\frac{1}{L}\int\f... |
1,314,259,996,144 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relation classification is to select the relation class that implies the relation of the two nominals (e1, e2) in the given text. For instance, given the following sentence, ``The \textless e1\textgreater \textbf{phone}\textless /e1\textgreater{} went into the \textless e2\textgreater \textbf{wa... |
1,314,259,996,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stochastic Resonance (SR) is a resonant phenomenon triggered by noise which can be described as a noise-enhanced
signal transmission that occurs in certain non-linear systems~\cite{GHJM98}. It reveals a context where noise ceases
to be a nuisance and is turned into a benefit. Loosely speaking ... |
1,314,259,996,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{F}{or} a long time, steganography and steganalysis always developed in the struggle with each other. Steganography seeks to hide secret information into a specific cover as much as possible and makes the changes of cover as little as possible, so that the stego is close to the cover... |
1,314,259,996,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a symmetric $n\times n$ matrix with integer entries
$m_{ij}\in\mathbb N\cup\{\infty\}$ where
$m_{ii}=1$ and $m_{ij}\ge 2$ for $i\ne j$.
The \emph{Artin group}
of type $M$ is defined by the presentation
$$
A(M)=\langle s_1,\ldots,s_n\mid \underbrace{s_is_js_i\cdots}_{m_{ij}}
=\underb... |
1,314,259,996,148 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction.}
In this paper we give a constructive procedure to
check basicness of open (or closed) semialgebraic sets in a compact,
non singular, real algebraic surface $X$. It is rather clear that if a
semialgebraic set $S$ can be separated
from each connected component of $X\setminus(S\cup\partial _{\rm ... |
1,314,259,996,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In our recent experimental work aimed at a precision measurement of
the Casimir force between pure germanium (Ge) plates \cite{1}, we
have discovered that the electrostatic calibration for Ge, a
semiconductor, is substantially different from what was expected,
assuming Ge to be a good conductor.... |
1,314,259,996,150 | arxiv |
\section{The ALICE Collaboration}
\begingroup
\small
\begin{flushleft}
J.~Adam\Irefn{org40}\And
D.~Adamov\'{a}\Irefn{org83}\And
M.M.~Aggarwal\Irefn{org87}\And
G.~Aglieri Rinella\Irefn{org36}\And
M.~Agnello\Irefn{org111}\And
N.~Agrawal\Irefn{org48}\And
Z.~Ahammed\Irefn{org132}\And
S.U.~Ahn\Irefn{org68}\And
I.~Aimo\I... |
1,314,259,996,151 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
Advances in GPU computing opens new possibilities to accelerate high performance parallel and large scale distributed applications. GPUs enable us to consolidate huge compute power and memory bandwidth on one or few machines, which may reduce the demand for big distributed clusters. This scale-up... |
1,314,259,996,152 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec_introduction}
\gls{DRL} has achieved impressive experimental results in video game playing,
in which DRL agents are
deployed under a trial-error-replay model. However, safety critical applications normally are not able to trial and replay at will
in the real-world, such as au... |
1,314,259,996,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Intro}
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) provide hardware instance-specific outputs (known as responses) to queried inputs (known as challenges), thus challenge-response-pairs (CRPs) generally function as `fingerprints' of hardware devices~\cite{herder2014physical,gao2020physical,li... |
1,314,259,996,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\indent
Let $M^n$ be a smooth and compact manifold of dimension $n\geq 2$
without boundary, and $X_0:M^n\longrightarrow {\mathbb R}^{n+1}$
be a ... |
1,314,259,996,155 | arxiv | \section{Analysis}
\label{sec:Analysis}
In this section, we prove under mild assumptions that an $\epsilon$-coreset of size $\BigO_{\epsilon,\delta}\left(\log n (d\log \log n + \log^2 n) \right)$ can be constructed with probability at least $1-\delta$, in $\BigO(nd)$ time. At a high level, our algorithm first efficien... |
1,314,259,996,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider estimation of a pathwise differentiable real valued target parameter based on observing $n$ independent and identically distributed observations $O_1,\ldots,O_n$ with a data distribution $P_0$ known to belong in a highly nonparametric statistical model ${\cal M}$.
A target parameter... |
1,314,259,996,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:radar.intro}
Planetary radar observations have been used to probe the surfaces of
all of the planets with solid surfaces and many smaller bodies in the
solar system \citep{o93,o03}, delivering information on their
spins, orbital states, and surface and subsurface electrical
properties ... |
1,314,259,996,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect1}
Orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing (OFDM) is a viable air interface for providing ubiquitous communication services and high spectral efficiency, due to its ability to combat frequency selective multipath fading and flexibility in resource allocation. However, power-... |
1,314,259,996,159 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The phenomenon of wind-generated gravity waves on the sea surface
is a very interesting subject not only for oceanographers, coastal
engineers and naval architects. The ocean is a great natural laboratory,
and many phenomena taking place there are interesting for a broad
community of p... |
1,314,259,996,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is experimentally well known that the energy dependence
of the charged particle multiplicities in $e^+ e^-$ and
$pp/{\bar p}p$ processes exhibit a quite similar behavior.
In the late 70's, experiments analysing $p p$ collisions
at the CERN ISR Collider \cite{basile} have shown that
not ... |
1,314,259,996,161 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
It has long been recognized that highly luminous
($L_X\sim10^{36-37}$~erg~s$^{-1}$) X-ray sources in the cores of globular
clusters are grossly overrepresented with respect to the general galactic
population (Katz 1975; Clark 1975): clusters contain $10^{-4}$ of the
Galaxy's mass, but $10^{-1}$ ... |
1,314,259,996,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dynamic computed tomography is a major part of CT imaging that studies the structure of dynamic objects in CT scans. State-of-the-art motion-based dynamic CT reconstruction techniques mostly consider the motion in the entire object volume (e.g., \cite{Zehni20, Nguyen22_SPIE}), while in real appl... |
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