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1,314,259,996,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-task learning (MTL) and semi-supervised learning are both successful paradigms for learning in scenarios with limited labelled data and have in recent years been applied to almost all areas of NLP. Applications of MTL in NLP, for example, include partial parsing \cite{Soegaard:Goldberg:16}... |
1,314,259,996,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry is considered
to be the origin of hadron mass.
The chiral symmetry is expected to be (partially) restored
in finite density and the hadron mass is predicted to decrease,
even at the normal nuclear density.
Our purpose is to investigate the origin ... |
1,314,259,996,565 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
I am grateful to N.~Kivel, D.~M\"uller and M.~Strikman for illuminating
discussions.
Especially I enjoyed discussions with A.~Radyushkin,
who independently and from different perspective
came to the conclusions that the BaBar data favour the flat pion DA \cite{tolya}. I am thankful to him fo... |
1,314,259,996,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Analytical and numerical models of moving heat sources are widely used in the simulations of
welding \cite{arora2019thermal}, laser treatment and cutting \cite{gladush2011physics}, frictional systems \cite{laraqi2003exact}, laser and electron beam additive manufacturing \cite{gusa... |
1,314,259,996,567 | arxiv | \subsection{\large Supplemental Material: Nonlinear Polariton Fluids in a Flatband Reveal Discrete Gap Solitons}
\section{Resonant excitation of the flatband modes}
To determine the optimal excitation scheme for the resonant drive of the flatband, we study the momentum-space resolved photoluminescence (PL) of the fla... |
1,314,259,996,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Joint \emph{Chandra X-ray Observatory} and \emph{Hubble Space
Telescope} (\emph{HST}) observations of globular clusters have revealed
large populations of faint X-ray sources ($L_X \lesssim
10^{33.5}~\mbox{${\rm erg}~{\rm s}^{-1}$}$) which include quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries
(qLMXBs), ca... |
1,314,259,996,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}The {B}alancing {D}omain {D}ecomposition by
{C}onstraints (BDDC), proposed independently by Cros~\cite{Cros-2003-PSC},
Dohrmann~\cite{Dohrmann-2003-PSC}, and Fragakis and
Papadrakakis~\cite{Fragakis-2003-MHP}, is one of the most popular methods of
iterative substructuring... |
1,314,259,996,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from techniques for text input to operating devices such as smart speakers, mobile devices, or car navigation systems. Voice input requires no specialized input device other than a microphone and thus can be o... |
1,314,259,996,571 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\def\thesection.\arabic{equation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\OL}[1]{ \hspace{.5pt}\overline{\hspace{-.5pt}#1
\hspace{-.5pt}}\hspace{.5pt} }
\def\, \rlap{$>$}{\lower 1.1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}\,{\, \rlap{$>$}{\lower 1.1ex\hbox{$\sim$}}\,}
\def\, \rlap{$<$}{\lower 1.1e... |
1,314,259,996,572 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0}{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0}
\section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}}
\textwidth 164mm
\textheight 214mm
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\... |
1,314,259,996,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum field theories on non-orientable spacetime have several physical applications, and have been studied from many different perspectives. They are an integral part of string theory in the description of unoriented worldsheets \cite{Polchinski:1998rq,Blumenhagen:2009zz,Fioravanti:1993hf}. St... |
1,314,259,996,574 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf
We investigate the momentum distribution function of a single distinguishable impurity particle which formed a polaron state in a gas of either free fermions or Tonks-Girardeau bosons in one spatial dimension. We obtain a Fredholm determinant representation of the distribution function for the... |
1,314,259,996,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semirings and semimodules, and their applications, arise in various branches of mathematics, computer science, physics, as well as in many other areas of modern science (see, for example \cite{golan:sata}). Involutive residuated lattices arose in the literature as generalizations of classical pro... |
1,314,259,996,576 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\comment}[1]{\vspace{5mm}\hspace{15mm}
\begin{minipage}{5in}\baselineskip 7mm\large
{{\bf Comment/Question: } #1}
\end{minipage}\vspace{5mm}
\typeout{Here is a comment line}}
\newcommand{\junk}[1]{}
\newcomman... |
1,314,259,996,577 | arxiv | \section{Background}
O'Shea et al. \cite{o2016convolutional} first introduced deep learning approaches to I/Q modulation pattern classification, showing great accuracy improvements over traditional statistical methods. In \cite{o2018over}, a thorough exercise in various methods for radio signal classification was condu... |
1,314,259,996,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of the `butterfly effect' \cite{Lo63a} effectively ended the idea that weather forecasting can be understood purely as the problem of integrating a deterministic system forward in time. Instead, the problem of accurate weather forecasting becomes one of determining, from a given in... |
1,314,259,996,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{A Subsection Sample}
Please note that the first paragraph of a section or subsection is
not indented. The first paragraph that follows a table, figure,
equation etc. does not need an indent, either.
Subsequent paragraphs, however, are indented.
\subsubsection{Sample Heading (Third L... |
1,314,259,996,580 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Safety is critical for a multitude of modern robotic systems: from autonomous vehicles, to medical and assistive robots, to aerospace systems. When deployed in the real world, these systems face sources of uncertainty such as imperfect perception, approximate models of the world and the system,... |
1,314,259,996,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The paradigm of \emph{inflation}~\cite{Guth81,Linde82,AS82} emerged in
the early Eighties as a way of resolving a number of outstanding puzzles
in cosmology, by postulating that the Universe underwent a phase of
accelerated expansion. Inflationary models predict that the Univer... |
1,314,259,996,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
On the landscape of theoretical and observational modern cosmology,
the most revolutionizing fact is believed to be the current cosmic
accelerated expansion. Recent experiments indicate that this
expansion must be due to some enigmatic force with astonishing
anti-gravitational effects, kno... |
1,314,259,996,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\tase\ are thermonuclear explosions of carbon and oxygen white dwarfs \citep[C+O WDs;][]{Nugent2011nat}.
They are the main source of iron-peak elements in the universe and crucial for measuring extragalactic distances, leading to the discovery of the accelerated cosmological exp... |
1,314,259,996,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Complex network architectures and dynamical processes
taking place on them play a central role in current research
\cite{Havlin2010,Newman2010,Estrada2011}.
Since the 1960s,
mathematical studies of networks
were focused on model systems
such as the
Erd{\H o}s-R\'{e}nyi (ER) network
... |
1,314,259,996,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Abstract solvers are a method to formally analyse solving
algorithms. In this methodology, the states of a computation are represented as
nodes of a graph, the solving techniques as edges between such nodes, the
solving process as a path in the graph, and formal properties of the
algorithms ar... |
1,314,259,996,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Higgs model of electroweak symmetry (EWS) breaking is less than satisfying
because it offers no understanding of fermion masses and is plagued by a
technical hierarchy problem with respect to the Higgs mass. Technicolor models
\cite{TC} break EWS by the formation of fermion condensates in a ... |
1,314,259,996,587 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Let $f:I\subset
\mathbb{R}
\rightarrow
\mathbb{R}
$ be a convex function on the interval $I$ of real numbers and $a,b\in I$
with $a<b.$ The inequalit
\begin{equation}
f\left( \frac{a+b}{2}\right) \leq \frac{1}{b-a}\int_{a}^{b}f(x)dx\leq \frac
f(a)+f(b)}{2} \label{hc}
\end{equation
is... |
1,314,259,996,588 | arxiv |
\section{Background}
We will show that diagonally dominant matrix $A$ can be
well-approximated by a product $\UU^{T} \DD \UU$ where $\UU$ is upper-triangular and sparse
and $\DD$ is diagonal.
By solving linear equations in each of these matrices, we can quickly solve a
system of linear equations in $A$.
We now ... |
1,314,259,996,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\subsection{Integrating Three Models}
Deep probabilistic generative models are a powerful framework for representing complex data distributions. They have been widely used in unsupervised learning problems to learn from unlabeled data. The goal of generative learning is... |
1,314,259,996,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:1}
Let $r$ and $\ell$ be given integers such that
$2\leq\ell\leq r-1$. A hypergraph ${H}$ on vertex set $[n]$ is an \textit{$r$-uniform hypergraph}
(\textit{$r$-graph} for short) if each edge is a set of $r$ vertices.
An $r$-graph is called a partial Steiner $(n,r,\ell)$-system,
if ev... |
1,314,259,996,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rodriguez-Villegas \cite{RV} discovered numerically some remarkable supercongruences on truncated hypergeometric series
related to a Calabi-Yau manifold. The simplest supercongruence of Rodriguez-Villegas is: for any odd prime $p$,
\begin{align}
\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{{2k\choose k}^2}{16^k} \... |
1,314,259,996,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Under suitable circumstances neutrinos can
oscillate in the presence of matter \cite{W} or
undergo resonant conversions \cite{valle} even when
they are strictly massless. In some models even
unmixed neutrinos can resonantly convert in
matter \cite{ER,GMP}. Massless-neutrino resonant conversi... |
1,314,259,996,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ultracold bosonic gases in optical lattices offer a supreme laboratory for the study of a wide range of phenomena in strongly correlated quantum systems. Due to the flexibility of the experimental methods available for preparing and controlling the relevant parameters, one can address fundament... |
1,314,259,996,594 | arxiv | \section*{This is an unnumbered first-level section head}
\section{Introduction}
In Ashtekar's theory of gravity, a $SU(2)$-connection captures the extrinsic curvature of a space-like leaf
in a time-transversal foliation, and the intrinsic geometry of the leaf is given by a tetrad \cite{ashtekar}.
It is shown th... |
1,314,259,996,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The trilinear Higgs coupling ($\lambda_{HHH}$) is an important parameter of the Higgs boson potential in the Standard Model (SM). Even though $\lambda_{HHH}$ is related to the Higgs boson mass ($m_H$) in the SM, it might deviate from the SM value $\lambda_{HHH}^{\rm SM}$ in new physics (NP) mo... |
1,314,259,996,596 | arxiv | \section{\em Introduction}
Let $M$ be a closed connected
$C^{\infty}$ manifold and $g$ a $C^{r}$ ($r\geq 2$) Riemannian metric on $M$.
Let $\phi_{t}:SM\rightarrow SM$ denote the geodesic flow of $g$, acting on the
unit sphere bundle $SM$. Denote the topological entropy of the
flow $\phi_{t}$ with respect to a com... |
1,314,259,996,597 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
In conclusion, we revealed the existence of virtual polarization states of a metasurface stack by analyzing the reflection paths of its internal modal interaction. Analogously to Feynman paths, they represent all possible paths light can take during propagation through the stack and allow for the ... |
1,314,259,996,598 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The calculation of effective potentials for gauge fields to one loop order
and beyond is certainly an important task. Recently Elizalde, Odintsov and
Romeo, \cite{eli}, has carried out such a calculation for a covariantly
constant $SU(N)$-field on a curved background of the form $S^2\times R^2... |
1,314,259,996,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Statistical reasoning and the modelization of physical phenomena by random
processes have taken a major place in modern physics and mathematics. A
physical example of this is the emergence of random behaviour from purely
deterministic laws, as in classically chaotic Hami... |
1,314,259,996,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Se:intro}
Let $T >0, u^0\in H,$ and consider the initial value
problem of seeking $u \in C((0,T];D(A))\cap C([0,T];H)$ satisfying
\begin{equation}
\label{ivp}
\left \{
\begin{aligned}
&u' (t) + Au(t) = 0, \quad 0<t<T,\\
& u(0)=u^0 ,
\end{aligned}
\right .
\end{equation}
with $A$ a positive... |
1,314,259,996,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{P}{ower} lines inspection for uninterrupted supply has become an important topic due to the increasing dependency of modern-day societies on electricity.
The power line is established by several types of components with different function that include insulator, tower, conductor and... |
1,314,259,996,602 | arxiv |
\section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\noindent View materialization is presumably one of the most effective
technique to improve query performance of data warehouses. Materialized views
are physical structures that improve data access time by precomputing
intermediary results.
Typical OLAP queries defined on data ware... |
1,314,259,996,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Machine learning (ML)-based algorithms have been widely used in the field of neutrino physics, for applications ranging from data acquisition to data reconstruction and analysis~\citep{Psihas:2017yuc, MINERvA:2018smv, Racah:2016gnm, Abbasi:2021ryj}. A detector technology ideally suited for compu... |
1,314,259,996,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Traditionally, the field of Automated Planning deals with
the problem of generating a sequence of actions---a plan---that transforms an
initial state of the environment to some goal state, see for instance \cite{0014222,GNT2016}. Actions, in plain words,
stand for modifie... |
1,314,259,996,605 | arxiv |
\section{Wynk Music Function PseudoCodes}
\label{pseudocode}
\subsection{Wynk v1}
\begin{algorithm}
\KwIn{$url$\tcc*{Resource Url}}
\KwOut{[$chunks$]\tcc*{Audio Chunk List}}
\Begin(Initialisation){
$deviceId$, $userAgent$ $\leftarrow$ Arbitrary strings \\
}
\Begin(Authentication){
... |
1,314,259,996,606 | arxiv | \section{Appendix A: Experimental procedure with example \label{appendixa}}
In this section, we describe in some detail the proposed protocol for
estimating the average fidelity of a noisy implementation $\tilde{\sop{U}}$ to an
ideal $n$-qubit Clifford gate $\sop{U}$. For illustrative purposes, we use
the encoding cir... |
1,314,259,996,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Compressed sensing aims to recover high dimensional sparse signals
based on considerably fewer linear measurements. Formally one
considers the following model:
\begin{equation}
\label{model} y = \Phi\beta + z
\end{equation}
where the matrix $\Phi \in {\mathbb R}^{n\times p}$ (with $n \ll p$) and... |
1,314,259,996,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neutron star (NS) mergers became the first confirmed cosmic site of $r$-process
element production, following the detection of a kilonova from GW170817
\cite{ligogw170817multi-messenger,coulter_2017,Cowperthwaite2017,drout2017,Tanaka2017,tanvir2017}.
Nucleosynthesis takes place in the expanding ... |
1,314,259,996,609 | arxiv |
\subsubsection{Annotation Results}
\label{annotations_results}
\begin{table*}[t]\small
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{5.5cm}|p{5.5cm}|}
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{Topic}} &
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{Argument}} & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{Associated Key Point(s)}} \\
\hline
\hline
We shoul... |
1,314,259,996,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Problem Formulation}\label{sec:introduction}
Sampling from the posterior is the central part in Bayesian inference. Suppose there is a family of densities $p_\theta(x)$ on the sample space $x\in \mathcal{X}$, and a prior $\pi(\theta) $ on the parameter space $\Theta$. It is of our interest to... |
1,314,259,996,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the analysis of dynamical systems behavior by analyzing the spectral properties of the associated Koopman operator. The Koopman operator was introduced in \cite{Koopman:1931}, as a composition operator acting on the space of observable func... |
1,314,259,996,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID) is a technology for the controllable fabrication of complex nanostructures with nanometer resolution \cite{Utke_book_2012,DeTeresa-book2020,Winkler_2019_JAP_review, Huth_2021_JAP_review}. The FEBID process consists of the deposition ... |
1,314,259,996,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Speech translation (ST), the task of translating acoustic speech signals into text in a foreign language, is a complex and multi-faceted task that builds upon work in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT).
ST applications are diverse and include travel assistants \cite{... |
1,314,259,996,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $S=k[x_1,\ldots,x_m]$ be the polynomial algebra over a field $k$ in $m$ variables and let $I = (m_1,\ldots, m_r)$ be an ideal generated by monomials.
In that case, $S/I$ is called a \emph{monomial} ring. Given a monomial ring $R = S/I$, the \emph{Poincar\'e series} of $R$ is defined as
\[
P(... |
1,314,259,996,615 | arxiv |
\section{Related Work}
Many challenging tasks in computer vision such as single image depth prediction or semantic image segmentation require models for dense prediction, since they either involve regressing quantities pixelwise or classifying the pixels. Most current state-of-the-art methods for dense prediction ta... |
1,314,259,996,616 | arxiv | \section{\textbf{Introduction}}
The \textit{Bouchaud trap model} (B.T.M.) is a continuous time random walk $X$ on a graph $\cal G$ with random jump rates. To each vertex $x$ of $\cal G$ we assign a positive number $\tau_x$
where $(\tau_x)_{x \in \cal{G}}$ is an i.i.d. sequence such that
\begin{equation}\label{heavytai... |
1,314,259,996,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\PARstart{E}{mbedded} systems are becoming ubiquitous and an integral part of our everyday life. Addressing functional safety is a major challenge with increasing complexity. Typical examples of safety-critical embedded systems include vehicle safety or driver assistance systems with accident pr... |
1,314,259,996,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par Given an elliptic curve $E$ defined over the rationals, and a prime number $p$, denote by $E[p]$ the $p$-torsion subgroup of $E(\bar{\mathbb{Q}})$. B.Mazur introduced deformation functors, parametrizing lifts of the residual representation \[\bar{\rho}:\op{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\r... |
1,314,259,996,619 | arxiv |
\section{MAE as a differentiable inpainter}
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\setcounter{table}{0}
Masked Autoencoders (MAE) consist of a Transformer Encoder, which takes as input only a subset of unmasked patches during training, and a Transformer Decoder, which takes as input the encoded patches and, in addition, a learnable ... |
1,314,259,996,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this paper is to study vector and scalar-valued nearly $S^*$-invariant subspaces of the Hardy space defined on the unit disc. We first produce some results on the structure of nearly $S^*$-invariant subspaces with a finite defect, in particular we produce a powerful tool which all... |
1,314,259,996,621 | arxiv | \section*{Intro}
This document presents some definitions and vocabulary for working
with datasets that contain complex relationships, applicable to a
large variety of application domains. The concepts borrow from graph
theory, and several other areas of mathematics. The goal is to define
a way of thinking about comple... |
1,314,259,996,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Smartphones have become an integral part of our everyday lives. In particular, smartphones have brought people to share their daily check-in experiences through social network services, such as Facebook, Foursquare and Instagram. Through these check-in data, it is possible to... |
1,314,259,996,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum communication is one of the most practically relevant applications of the quantum technologies, offering the perspective of secure communication
based on physical laws
\cite{Pirandola:20,RevModPhys.92.025002,RevModPhys.74.145,TeleportationReview,Renner2021,Principles,Werner2001,RevSpace,M... |
1,314,259,996,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The past decade has seen tremendous improvement in the ability of
Lattice QCD (LQCD) calculations to provide results that can confront
experiment. However, lattice computations of some key quantities
remain at odds with experimental determinations, including the
momentum fraction carried by parto... |
1,314,259,996,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The stochastic volatility models have been widely studied in literature and one important approach consists of the Heston model \cite{Hes1993} and its extensions. In the standard Heston model, the instantaneous variance is a square-root mean-reverting CIR (Cox-Ingersoll-Ross \cit... |
1,314,259,996,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{}Theory of fractional order systems has gained remarkable significance during last few decades due to its real world applications in ostensibly diverse and wide spread fields of applied mathematics, physics and engineering. The monographs \cite{hr,kst,vl,mf,pi} are devoted to such pra... |
1,314,259,996,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Let $(\varepsilon_n)_{n \geq 1}$ be independent random matrices taking values in $G= GL_d(\mathbb R)$, $d \geq 2$ (the group of invertible $d$-dimensional real matrices) with common distribution $\mu$. Let $\Vert \cdot \Vert$ be the euclidean norm on ${\mathbb R}^d$, a... |
1,314,259,996,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Large momentum transfer processes have a long history of providing information
on the substructure of hadrons, the nature of their constituents, and how they
interact\cite{JO:review}. Photons provide an excellent probe for such purposes
due to their pointlike electromagnetic coupling to the ... |
1,314,259,996,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The propagation of elastic waves in rotating media has been a subject
of continuous interest in the last three decades or so.
Ever since the publication of a seminal article by Schoenberg and
Censor \cite{ScCe73},
numerous workers have studied how uniform rotation affects
time-dependent solu... |
1,314,259,996,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The backpressure routing and scheduling paradigm has emerged from the pioneering work \cite{tass_eph1}, \cite{tass_eph2}, which showed that, in wireless networks where nodes route and schedule packets based on queue backlog differences, one can stabilize the queues for any feasib... |
1,314,259,996,631 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the precise structure of pore space is integral to fully understanding flow through porous media. This understanding is essential in research on single-phase incompressible flow in situations where another dominant flow factor is the fluid-wall surface tension \cite{lind1}. Determi... |
1,314,259,996,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Finite hypergeometric functions were introduced independently, and with
different motivations, by John Greene \cite{greene} and Nick Katz \cite[p.258]{katz}
by the end of the 1980's.
They are complex-valued functions on finite fields and an analogue of the classical
analytic hypergeometric functi... |
1,314,259,996,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A transport system is used to move goods from sources to targets. In
building such a system, one typically aims at minimizing the total
transportation cost. This consideration has motivated the theoretical
studies of many optimal transport problems. For instance, the well-known
Monge-Kantorovich... |
1,314,259,996,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Logic programming~(LP) and Abstract Argumentation Frameworks~(AFs) are two well-established formalisms for
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning~(KR)
whose close relation is well-known since the introduction of the latter: besides introducing AFs, \citen{Dung95} st... |
1,314,259,996,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
In the ``standard'' model of long-duration, soft-spectrum gamma-ray
bursts (GRBs; e.g. \citealt{Pir05}), the prompt high-energy emission
arises in ultra-relativistic (bulk Lorentz factor $\Gamma \ga 10^2$),
highly collimated (opening half-angle of a few degrees) jets. The h... |
1,314,259,996,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
One development in knot theory is
to define and study the structure of the topological space $\mathcal{S}$
composed of isotopy classes of knots.
Here, a knot is an embedding of an oriented circle in the 3-sphere $S^3$ which can be
represented as a finite number of line segme... |
1,314,259,996,637 | arxiv |
\section{Adversarial Sample Crafting}
\label{sec:adv-sample-crafting}
This section describes machine learning techniques used in this paper, along
with methods used to \emph{craft} adversarial samples against classifiers
learned using these techniques. Building on
previous work~\cite{szegedy2013intriguing,goodfellow... |
1,314,259,996,638 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Prediction of event times, also known as {\it survival analysis} in the clinical context, is one of the most extensively studied topics in the statistical literature, largely due to its significance in a wide range of clinical and population health applications.
It provides a fundamental set of t... |
1,314,259,996,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When a spin polarized current enters a ferromagnetic layer, there is generally a transfer of spin angular momentum between the conduction electrons and the magnetization of the ferromagnet. This was first proposed by Slonczewski\cite{slon} and Berger\cite{Ber} in 1996 as a novel mechanism for swi... |
1,314,259,996,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological insulator (TI) has attracted broad interest in recent years\cit
{RE-1,RE-2}. The unique property of TI is that the bulk state has a energy
gap while the surface state is gapless. The topological property also have
been proposed for three dimensional (3D) semimetal\cit
{Weyl-1,Wey... |
1,314,259,996,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1} %
In paper \cite{Parkes} E.J.~Parkes presented a
categorization of solutions of the equation dubbed the extended
reduced Ostrovsky equation (exROE). The equation studied has the
form
\begin{gather}
\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left({\cal D}^2u + \frac 12pu^2 +
\beta u \right) + q{\cal... |
1,314,259,996,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few decades, many exotic $X$, $Y$, $Z$ particles had been observed at the Belle, BaBar, BESIII and LHCb collaborations \cite{PDG}, the intriguing fact is that many of their masses are near the hadron-hadron thresholds which shed light on the possible hadronic molecule interpretations... |
1,314,259,996,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setlength{\parindent}{2em}
Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field of odd characteristic and $n\geq 1$ an integer number. Let $\mathbb{F}_q^{(n)}=\{(a_1, \ldots,a_n) : a_i\in \mathbb{F}_q\ {\rm for}\ i=1,\ldots,n\}$ be the $n$-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{F}_q$. For the $m$-dimensio... |
1,314,259,996,644 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In our previous paper \cite{General_strong_bound}, we studied the diameter of word metrics given by finitely many conjugacy classes on arithmetic Chevalley groups $G(\Phi,R)$ for $R$ either a semi-local ring or a ring of S-algebraic integers. The main result was the following theorem:
\be... |
1,314,259,996,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The virial expansion was developed in the beginning of the 20th century \cite{onnes1901expression} to provide an estimate of the deviation of the behavior of real gases from the ideal gas equation. Since then, the second virial coefficient $b_2$ has been studied in great detail because it can be... |
1,314,259,996,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rotational core collapse occurs in the first phase of the collapse-driven
supernova explosion. The collapse takes place in a dynamical time scale and
the bounce occurs when the central part of the star collapses into a nuclear
density and then stiffens its equation of state. The final outcom... |
1,314,259,996,647 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Theorem~3}
\begin{proof
{\flushleft \em (Case~\ref{pro:3-ratios-1}): }
Let $G$ be an $n$-clique and $\Theta = \times_{e\in E} [0, 1]$, i.e., for every edge $e$, $l_e=0$ and $r_e=1$.
For arbitrary set $S=\{v_1,\cdots, v_k\}$, there exists a valid parameter vector $\theta = (p_e)_{e \in E} \in \Theta... |
1,314,259,996,648 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
It is now thought that most, if not all, of the stars in our Galaxy were
born in star clusters \citep[e.g.][]{lada95, lada03, mckee07}. And yet,
there remain several key details of the star formation process that are still
not understood. Part of the
problem lies in the fact tha... |
1,314,259,996,649 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Allen Brain Atlas (ABA, \cite{AllenGenome,AllenAtlasMol}) put neuroanatomy on a genetic basis by releasing voxelized,
{\emph{ in situ}} hybridization data for the expression of the entire genome in the mouse brain ({\ttfamily{www.mouse-brain.org}}). These data were co-registered to
t... |
1,314,259,996,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has been a considerable interest in studying quarkonium properties at non-zero temperature since the
seminal paper of Matsui and Satz, that suggested that suppression of quarkonium production in heavy
ion collisions can signal creation of a deconfined medium \cite{Matsui:1986dk}. In-medium... |
1,314,259,996,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Granular packing is ubiquitous in everyday life. It is common knowledge that a denser granular pack can be achieved by tapping the pack. Clogged granular flow can be unjammed and structural foundations of buildings strengthened with tapping. Indeed, the first thing one ... |
1,314,259,996,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a smooth closed oriented manifold of dimension 4.
A second cohomology class of $M$ is called a \emph{monopole class}
if it arises as the first Chern class of a Spin$^c$ structure for
which the Seiberg-Witten equations
$$\left\{
\begin{array}{ll} D_A\Phi=0\\
F_{A}^+=\Phi\otimes... |
1,314,259,996,653 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec1}Introduction}
Several types of time-dependent oscillators have been studied along the past years. Examples are: (i) the harmonic oscillator\cite{1}; (ii) the pseudo-harmonic oscillator\cite{1, 2}; (iii) the parametric oscillator\cite{3}; and (iv) the inverted harmonic oscillator\cite{4}. Recently,... |
1,314,259,996,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A century after Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves (GWs),
the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)
observed the first direct GW signal GW150914
from a merger of two black holes (BHs)
with masses of $36_{-4}^{+5} M_{\odot}$ and $29_{-4}^{+4} M_{\odot}$
a... |
1,314,259,996,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces and $T:X \to Y$ be an operator. We say $T$ is compact if and only if it maps closed unit ball $B_X$ of $X$ into a pre-compact subset of $Y$. In other words, $T$ is compact if and only if for every norm bounded sequence $\{x_n\}$ of $X$, the sequence $\{Tx_n\}$ ... |
1,314,259,996,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \emph{histogram} computed on a dataset $D$ is a vector of counts, such that each record in $D$ affects at most a single histogram element, called \emph{bin}. The histogram constitutes one of the most basic statistical tools for describing the dataset distribution. A \emph{range-sum} query over... |
1,314,259,996,657 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Sharp discontinuities separating regions with different physical
parameters are a key feature of space, astrophysical and laboratory
plasmas. Their dynamics about pressure-balanced equilibrium, magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) surface waves, act as an efficient mechanism of filtering, accumulatin... |
1,314,259,996,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Holographic correlators play a central role in checking and exploiting the AdS/CFT correspondence. Thanks to the recent breakthroughs of the bootstrap methods, holographic four-point functions of $\frac{1}{2}$-BPS operators with arbitrary Kaluza-Klein masses have been systematically computed at ... |
1,314,259,996,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galaxy redshift surveys provide a 3-dimensional map of the universe's large scale structure (LSS), and hence serve as important probes of cosmology. The simplest statistic obtained from a redshift survey is the two point galaxy correlation function, or its Fourier transform, the galaxy power spe... |
1,314,259,996,660 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The central 200 pc of the galaxy (Central Molecular Zone; CMZ) is an extreme Galactic environment. Molecular clouds in the CMZ have hotter average gas temperatures \citep[50$-$300 K;][]{Mauers86, mills13, Krieger17, Ginsburg16}, higher densities \citep[10$^{3-5}$ cm$^{-3}$;][]{Zylka92, mills... |
1,314,259,996,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The B[e] phenomenon is associated with stars at different evolutionary stages, going from
the pre-main sequence to the planetary nebula stage. This phenomenon is
characterized by the simultaneous presence of low-excitation forbidden line emission and
strong infrared excess in the spectra of ear... |
1,314,259,996,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(R, {\frak m})$ be a Noetherian local ring with the maximal ideal ${\frak m}$ of dimension
$d>0$ and let $C$ be a nonzero $R$-module of finite length.
Let $\varphi: R^n \to R^r$ be an $R$-linear map of free modules with $C=\Coker \varphi$,
and put $M:=\Im \varphi \subset F:=R^r$. Then... |
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