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1,314,259,996,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s1} Hierarchical clustering of the large-scale structure of the universe induces supersonic flow motions of baryonic matter, which result in the formation of weak shocks with sonic Mach numbers $M_{\rm s} \lesssim 4$ in the hot intracluster medium (ICM) \citep[e.g.,][]{ryu2003,vazza2009,h...
1,314,259,996,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} A large number of cold dark matter (CDM) N-body simulations agree that the haloes formed have, on average, a universal broken power law density profile. While there is some debate over the logarithmic slope of the profile within the break, or scale radius $r_{\rm s}$, and the...
1,314,259,996,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven and model-free technique to decompose complex flows into fundamental spectral components. These components correspond to spatio-temporal features that characterize periodicity, damping, (temporal) segmentation, and long-time behavior of the flow. ...
1,314,259,996,666
arxiv
\section{Introduction} User identification technology is an indispensable element for building smart indoor applications, such as elderly and child care, personalized custom service, and surveillance in sensitive zones. As one example, a smart home recognizing its elderly host (also his/her walking direction) may predi...
1,314,259,996,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Euler characteristic reciprocity} \label{sec:intro} For posets $P$ and $Q$, the set of increasing maps from $P$ to $Q$, denoted by $\Hom^{<}(P, Q)$, is defined as \begin{equation} \Hom^{<}(P, Q)=\{\eta:P\longrightarrow Q\mid p_1<p_2\Longrightarrow \eta(p_1)<\eta(p_2)\}. \end{equation...
1,314,259,996,668
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1880 Andrei A. Markov, a 24-year old student from St Petersburg, discovered in his master's thesis \cite{Markov} a remarkable connection between Diophantine analysis and the following Diophantine equation \beq{equa} x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz, \eeq known nowadays as the {\it Markov equation.} The sol...
1,314,259,996,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the best understood examples of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the gravity description is accomplished in terms of strings and D-branes in Anti de Sitter spaces with a constant dilaton, reflecting the conformal symmetry of the quantum field theory description. Considering heavy objects on the g...
1,314,259,996,670
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Over several decades, much research interest in dynamical systems has been devoted to the study of transport phenomena. One studied notion is that of \emph{coherence}. Unfortunately, there is no generally-agreed-upon-definition of \emph{coherent structure}, other than the nece...
1,314,259,996,671
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coronal holes (CHs) are regions of predominantly unipolar coronal magnetic fields with a significant component of the magnetic field open into the heliosphere. They are visible in spectral lines emitting at coronal temperatures as dark areas when compared to the quiet Sun, while in the chromo...
1,314,259,996,672
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} One can distinguish between two main lines of research in low-regularity geometry. One approach is analytical, where one lowers the differentiability assumptions on, for example, (pseudo-)Riemannian metrics below the level where curvature can be classically defined. For examp...
1,314,259,996,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) has evolved into an established photodetector technology. They are used in high-energy physics \cite{Ogawa2017,Moreau2010,Mannel2013}, astroparticle physics \cite{Anderhub2013,Otte2015}, medical imaging \cite{Otte2005,Spanoudaki2007}, and LIDARs \cite{Perenzoni2...
1,314,259,996,674
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many applications of automatic speech recognition (ASR) require both low latency and high accuracy, goals that are not easily attained within a single system. Historically, these were achieved by building separate models oriented at either online or offline ASR. In some deployments, the predi...
1,314,259,996,675
arxiv
\subsection{Introduction} Although networked multiagent systems are envisioned to autonomously function in place of humans for repetitive, demanding, and often safety-critical missions the current level of controls technology is incapable of providing the needed usability and resiliency of multiagent systems. Because...
1,314,259,996,676
arxiv
\section*{\noindent Editor\hfill} David Garfinkle\\ \smallskip Department of Physics Oakland University Rochester, MI 48309\\ Phone: (248) 370-3411\\ Internet: \htmladdnormallink{\protect {\tt{garfinkl-at-oakland.edu}}} {mailto:garfinkl@oakland.edu}\\ WWW: \htmladdnormallink {\protect {\tt{http://www.oakland.edu/phys...
1,314,259,996,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro-sect} For conjunctive queries, the query containment problem is NP-complete~\cite{Chandra77-1}. When we have constants that are numbers (e.g., they may represent prices, dates, weights, lengths, heights) then, often, we want to compare them by checking, e.g., whether two numbers are ...
1,314,259,996,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep reinforcement learning~(RL) can learn near-optimal policies to perform low-level actions with pre-defined reward functions. While the low-level actions are adequate for the specified tasks, it remains challenging to reuse this learned knowledge to accomplish new tasks efficiently. By contras...
1,314,259,996,679
arxiv
\section{Experimental Devices and Measurement Procedures} \label{sec:expDevices} The double layer graphene devices were fabricated by using procedures previously described in detail in Refs.~\onlinecite{Ponomarenko11} and \onlinecite{Gorbachev12A}. The maximum size of our double-layer Hall bars is currently limited to...
1,314,259,996,680
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Low-rank information extraction from a noisy data matrix is a crucial statistical challenge. The spiked random matrix models have recently gained extensive interest in the fields of statistics, probability, and machine learning, serving as a valuable platform for exploring this issue \cite{donoho...
1,314,259,996,681
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) are the energetic end of C/O white dwarfs in binary systems that reach temperatures and densities high enough to cause a runaway chain of nuclear reactions \citep[for a review, see][]{Hillebrandt00}. Despite having collected observations of thousands o...
1,314,259,996,682
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-1} In this paper we study a time-dependent family of smooth, embedded, closed curves $\gamma_t = F_t(\mathbb{S}^1) \subset \mathbb{S}^2$ on the unit sphere, evolving by the curve shortening flow: \begin{equation} \label{eq:csf} \pd[F_t]{t} = -\curvecurv \nor \end{equation} where $\cur...
1,314,259,996,683
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Despite the maturity of the field of stochastic optimal control theory, the majority of the theoretical and computational work considers stochastic systems with Gaussian stochastic disturbances. This observation is valid if one considers the lack of scalable and real time algorithms for contr...
1,314,259,996,684
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Computing with Determinants} The \emph{determinantal complexity} of a polynomial $f \in \mathbb{F}[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$, denoted $\dc(f)$, is the minimal integer $m$ such that there exists an affine map $L : \mathbb{F}^n \to \mathbb{F}^{m \times m}$ such that $f(\mathbf{x}) = \mathsf{...
1,314,259,996,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} We say that a connected surface immersed in a Lorentzian 3-manifold $(M^3,g)$ is of {\it mixed type} if both the space-like and time-like point sets are non-empty. In general, the mean curvature of such surfaces diverges: for example, the graph of a smooth function $t=f(x,y)$ in ...
1,314,259,996,686
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Fortin operators are a critical tool for the stability analysis of mixed finite element schemes, cf.~\cite{BoffiBrezziFortin}. The discontinuous Petrov--Galerkin (DPG) method with optimal test functions, on the other hand, is a framework that aims at automatic inf-sup stability. ...
1,314,259,996,687
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:i} Let $G$ be a graph with adjacency matrix $A$, and let $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n$ be the eigenvalues of $A$. The $k$-th spectral moment of $G$ is defined as \begin{equation} \label{Eq:EMk} \M_k(G)=\sum_{k=0}^n\lambda_i^k. \end{equation} A \emph{walk} of length $k$ in a graph $G$ is...
1,314,259,996,688
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interplay between physics at hadron colliders and that at $e^{+}e^{-}$ machines has traditionally been of great significance in furthering our understanding of elementary particles and their interactions. One can for example point to the specific case of the discovery of the $Z$ boson at a...
1,314,259,996,689
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for \ensuremath{C\!P}\xspace violation (\ensuremath{C\!PV}\xspace) in charm decays provides a sensitive probe of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Owing to its suppression within the SM, a significant observation of direct \ensuremath{C\!PV}\xspace in charm decays would ind...
1,314,259,996,690
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tile self-assembly is an algorithmically rich model of ``programmable crystal growth.'' Well-designed molecules (square-like ``tiles'') with specific binding sites can deterministically form a single target shape even subject to the chaotic nature of molecules floating in a well-mixed chemic...
1,314,259,996,691
arxiv
\section{Introduction} About one third of all binary star systems are thought to be members of larger multiple systems. Most of these are hierarchical triples, in which the (inner) binary is orbited by a third body in a much wider orbit (see Tokovinin 1997a,b for recent results and compilations). Secular perturbations...
1,314,259,996,692
arxiv
\section{The fundamental group of \texorpdfstring{$\Spin(\Pi)$}{Spin(Pi)}} \usepackage{placeins} \usepackage{cases} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage[matrix, arrow, curve]{xy} \usepackage{array,longtable} \newcolumntype{C}{>{$}c<{$}} \setlength\tabcolsep{5pt} ...
1,314,259,996,693
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Speech is one of the most natural ways of human communication, and the development of systems capable of transcribing and understanding speech automatically have shown great importance and applicability in various scenarios, as in personal assistants, tools for customer attendance and other prod...
1,314,259,996,694
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} One of the most interesting questions in high-energy nuclear physics is that about the properties of the hot and dense medium created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Finite-temperature lattice-QCD (lQCD) calculations of strong\-ly-in\-ter\-ac\-ting matter predict a ...
1,314,259,996,695
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Arctic is warming at least twice as fast as the global average \citep{Osborne2018}. This phenomenon of Arctic amplification in surface air temperature is closely connected to a dramatic multi-decade reduction in Northern sea ice. Indeed, since accurate satellite measurements began in 1978, t...
1,314,259,996,696
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interactive robotic and autonomous applications require detecting objects as well as the actions being performed by them \cite{jiang2014modeling, rezazadegan2017action}. For example, an autonomous car not only needs to detect pedestrians but the action being performed by them to determine its ...
1,314,259,996,697
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Efficient estimation of rare event probabilities finds various applications in the performance evaluation/prediction of wireless communication systems operating over fading channels \cite{alouini}. In particular, the left-tail of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of sums of nonnegative ...
1,314,259,996,698
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the outstanding properties in the field of atomic physics is the ability to control interatomic interactions using magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances (FRs) \cite{Chin2010}. They allow to address key problems in several fields of physics. For example, in order to explore molecular ph...
1,314,259,996,699
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A great variety of algorithms and methods have been designed for various optimization problems. In classic \emph{Combinatorial Optimization}, the algorithm knows the complete input of the problem, and its goal is to produce an optimal or near optimal solution. However, in many modern applicatio...
1,314,259,996,700
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Flow boiling in microchannel has been extensively researched in recent times due to its higher heat removal capacity, caused by its high heat transfer surface area to fluid flow volume ratio coupled with the utilization of latent heat of vaporization. \citet{Harirchian2010} observed single pha...
1,314,259,996,701
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} \textit{Clustering problems} are widely studied in Combinatorial Optimization literature due to their vast applications in Operational Research, Machine Learning, Data Science and Engineering \cite{WS11,LIN,CGTS99,VGRMMV01,CG99,JV01,K12,Y00,LS16,CL12,KSS10,SS18}. Typically a fi...
1,314,259,996,702
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most important issues in the high $T_c$ Fe-based superconductors (FeSC) is their pairing symmetry ~\cite{ding:47001,sato:047002,liu:177005}. Theories based on antiferromagnetic (AF) spin fluctuations have predicted $s_{\pm}$ pairing, where the superconducting (SC) order parameters...
1,314,259,996,703
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section_intro} Measurements of luminosity distances to Type Ia supernovae ({\small {SN}}e) have played a central role in cosmology, leading two independent groups to the remarkable discovery of an unknown, presently-dominant component of the universe, dark energy, and strong evide...
1,314,259,996,704
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secintro} Random sequential adsorption (RSA) is a classical model for various physical, chemical or biological problems \cite{Evans:1993:RCS}. In the simplest form, RSA processes can be formulated as sequential addition to a structure of objects that cannot overlap, and once inserted, c...
1,314,259,996,705
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The detailed suppression pattern, $R_{AA}(p_T)$, and elliptic flow, $v_2(p_T)$, of high-transverse-momentum hadrons is an important experimental signature of the quark-gluon plasma creation in heavy ion collisions~\cite{Gyulassy:2003mc}. Jet quenching for light mesons, such as $\pi$, $K$ and $\...
1,314,259,996,706
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem of 3D hand pose estimation from single depth images. Hand pose estimation has important applications in human-computer interaction (HCI) and augmented reality (AR). Estimating the freely moving hand has several challenges including large viewpoint variance, finger similar...
1,314,259,996,707
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Literature Review} Kelly (1956) obtained the eponymous Kelly rule (``Fortune's Formula,'' Poundstone 2010) by maximizing the asymptotic growth rate of one's capital when gambling on repeated horse races where the posted odds diverge from the true win probabilities. Famously (cf. with...
1,314,259,996,708
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Superconductivity in metals is a consequence of pairing between electrons \cite{Cooper56} and formation of a new macroscopic coherent state made of electron pairs \cite{Bardeen57}. The microscopic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity explains all key experime...
1,314,259,996,709
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Training machine learning models have always required an increasing amount of data for the increasing size of the architecture. This phenomenon has been exemplified in the NLP community with the recent explosion in use of the transformer \cite{vaswani2017attention}. Public datasets reflect this n...
1,314,259,996,710
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the impacts of climate change continue to be felt worldwide, policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote renewable energy generation are of increasing importance. One approach that encapsulates many policies is market-based solutions. The most well-known of the policies which fall ...
1,314,259,996,711
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Models for routing games stem from applications in road traffic \cite{wardrop1952road} and packet routing via Internet Protocol \cite{koutsoupias1999worst}. Many agents share a same routing network (a graph of vertices and edges) without any central authority, and each agent decides a path, w...
1,314,259,996,712
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} In this article we study the sufficient conditions for the local invertibility of mappings. Our work is motivated by the well-known \emph{inverse function theorem} which states that every continuously differentiable mapping $$f \in C^{1}(U, \R^n) \quad \text{($U \subset \R^n$...
1,314,259,996,713
arxiv
\section{The Environment as a Witness} \label{secDefiningRedundancy} Previous studies of decoherence have focused on the system's reduced density matrix ($\ensuremath{\rho_{\Sys}}$), and on master equations that describe its evolution. To study information flow into the environment, we require a new paradigm. We be...
1,314,259,996,714
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The plus construction is a notion which is fundamental for discussing algebras, twists, and more recently monoid definitions in the theory of Feynman categories. In \cite{KMoManin}, they give a broad definition of the plus construction suitable for what they call unique factorization categor...
1,314,259,996,715
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The rapid development of quantum technologies over the last decade has prompted much research on techniques for checking that the carefully engineered quantum devices are, in fact, functioning properly \cite{GKK19,EHW20,KR21}. In the survey of the field presented in \cite{EHW20}, a distinction ...
1,314,259,996,716
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Two basic aspects in the study of field \eq/s in mathematical physics are their \sym/ structure and their \conslaw/ structure. Geometrically speaking, symmetries are infinitesimal transformations of the fields under which all solutions are mapped into solutions. Symmetries of l...
1,314,259,996,717
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many real world data can be represented as a graph of pairwise relationships. Examples include social networks connections, metabolic networks, protein-protein interaction networks, citations network, recommendations and so on. Matchmaking algorithms and link prediction algorithms are routinely ...
1,314,259,996,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the general picture, the gravitational unstable molecular cloud cores collapse and form the protostars, accretion disks, and outflows. The first model of a spherical symmetric accretion which flow towards a central object was made by Bondi~(1952). Years later, Ulrich~(1976) modified the Bondi'...
1,314,259,996,719
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[] \centering \includegraphics[height=0.22\textheight,width=0.95\linewidth]{isovec.png} \caption{Proposed Method. Loss is a weighted combination of skipgram with negative sampling loss (seen left with a reproduction of the familiar image from \citet{mikolov2013efficient} for reade...
1,314,259,996,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The interstellar medium is permeated by large-scale magnetic fields \cite{planckxxxiii}. These magnetic fields are observed in molecular clouds and are suggested to have a crucial role in regulating the fragmentation of dense filaments and in channeling filament material into pre...
1,314,259,996,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On the main-sequence stellar sites the series of reactions that convert hydrogen into helium is known as the proton-proton chains. It is a key to understand the evolution of the stars. The cross sections of these charged particle induced reactions are major ingredients to calculate thermonucle...
1,314,259,996,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Some years ago the Yang-Mills gradient flow was introduced to the Lattice Field Theory community by M.L\"uscher~\cite{Luscher:2010iy} as an additional tool for studying the dynamics of gauge theories non-perturbatively. Since then the number of applications of the YM gradient flow to prob...
1,314,259,996,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $f:M\to M$ be a diffeomorphism on some compact Riemannian manifold $M$. An invariant probability $\mu$ of $f$ is a \emph{physical measure} if the set of points $z\in M$ for which \begin{equation}\label{eq.basin} \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\delta_{f^i(x)}\to \mu \text{(in the weak$^*$ sense)} ...
1,314,259,996,724
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many modern scientific problems involve solving high-dimensional statistical problems where the sample size is small relative to the ambient dimension of the underlying parameter to be estimated. Over the past few decades there has been a large amount of work on solving such problems by imposing...
1,314,259,996,725
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of the main results} \label{morse-sec:cr} The purpose of this paper is to establish analogues of the holomorphic Morse inequalities of Demailly for CR manifolds. Demailly \cite{De:85} proved remarkable asymptotic Morse inequalities for the ${\overline\partial}$ complex constructed ...
1,314,259,996,726
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Question Answering (QA) is an important and challenging research area in Natural Language Processing (NLP). QA systems enable efficient \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=4.8 cm]{images/main_q.pdf} \caption{\footnotesize Samples from the MedMCQA dataset, along with the answer...
1,314,259,996,727
arxiv
\section{} \begin{abstract} For a cubic algebraic extension $K$ of $\mathbb{Q}$, the behavior of the ideal counting function is considered in this paper. Let $a_{K}(n)$ be the number of integral ideals of the field $K$ with norm $n$. An asymptotic formula is given for the sum $$ \sum\limits_{n_{1}^2+n_{2}^2\leq x}a_{K...
1,314,259,996,728
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} \balance \section{Case Study} \label{sect:case-study} In this section, we discuss our application of \textit{Gradeer}~in an end of year introductory Java programming assignment with 171 students' solutions. \subsection{The Assignment} The assignment required students to parse a serie...
1,314,259,996,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:refactoring} Maintaining and adapting software takes up a substantial part of the entire programming effort, both in time and money. Erlikh~\shortcite{Erlikh} and Moad~\shortcite{Moad} both report on the proportion of maintenance costs exceeding 90\% of the budget. About 75\% of the...
1,314,259,996,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \section{Taxonomy of different methods} Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) have made the real time dense reconstruction possible increasing the prospects of robot navigation, tracking, and augmented reality problems . Some breakthroughs have...
1,314,259,996,731
arxiv
\part{} \section*{Contents} \input{main.toc} \input{sections/notation.tex} \input{sections/visgo.tex} \input{sections/app_logs.tex} \input{sections/app_logsa.tex} \input{sections/setproperties.tex} \input{sections/discovery.tex} \input{sections/rtest.tex} \input{sections/app_consolidation.tex} \input{sections/app_eva...
1,314,259,996,732
arxiv
\section{introduction} By analyzing the precise cross sections for $e^+ e^- \to \omega \chi_{c0} $\cite{Ablikim:2014qwy}, $e^+ e^- \to \pi^+ \pi^- J/\psi $ \cite{Ablikim:2016qzw}, $e^+ e^- \to \pi^+ \pi^- h_c$ \cite{BESIII:2016adj} and $e^+ e^- \to \pi^+ D^0 D^{\ast-} $ \cite{open-bes}, the BESIII Collaboration repor...
1,314,259,996,733
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Material} \subsection{S.1. Multifractal analysis} \begin{figure}[tbp] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=.5 \textwidth] {SFig.eps} \end{center} \caption{(Color online) $\mathrm{MIPR}$ as a function of $1/L^2$ with (a) $\lambda=0.8$, (b) $\lambda=2.0$, and (c) $\lambda=3.5...
1,314,259,996,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} When $G$ is an algebraic group acting on a smooth algebraic variety $X$ over $\bb{C}$, it is a natural problem to describe the simple $G$-equivariant holonomic $\mathcal{D}$-modules on $X$. When $G$ acts with finitely many orbits, all such $\mathcal{D}$-modules have regular sing...
1,314,259,996,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec:intro} Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons collectively called partons, the basic constituents of all nuclear matter. Its non-abelian character manifests in nature in the form of two remarkable properties: color confinement and asymp...
1,314,259,996,736
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} Since the invention of turbo codes~\cite{Berrou93} and the rediscovery of low-density parity-check~(LDPC) codes~\cite{Gallager63}, many turbo/LDPC-like codes have been proposed in the past two decades. Among them, the convolutional LDPC codes~\cite{Felstrom99}, recast as ...
1,314,259,996,737
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} With the advancement of sensor-related technologies in the field of data science and big-data analytics, `veracity' is becoming one of the most important V's, along with velocity, variety and volume. In a recent article, \cite{luko14} mentioned how the data source, data collect...
1,314,259,996,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} Recently, the LHCb collaboration announced a measurement of the difference between the time-integrated CP asymmetries in two singly Cabibbo supressed (SCS) $D$ meson decay modes \cite{:2011in}, \begin{equation} \begin{split}\label{DeltaACP1} \Delta {\cal A}_{CP}&\equiv {\...
1,314,259,996,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Online learning has become an indispensable part of educational institutions. It has emerged as a necessary resource for students and schools all over the globe. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has made the transition to online learning even more pressing. One very important aspe...
1,314,259,996,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Power grids have long been a source of interesting optimization problems. Perhaps best known among the optimization community are the unit commitment problems and related generator dispatching tasks, see \cite{hobbs}. However, recent blackout events have renewed interest on problems...
1,314,259,996,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently much effort has focused on the study of orientifold compactifications of type II string theory with space-time filling D-branes and background fluxes. The reason is that these compactifications can lead to calculable four-dimensional effective theories supporting string vacua relevan...
1,314,259,996,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For an $r$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal H$, the \emph{Tur\'an number} of $\mathcal H$, denoted $\ex(n, \mathcal H)$, is defined as the maximum number of edges an $n$-vertex $r$-uniform hypergraph can have without containing a copy of $\mathcal H$ as a subgraph. For ($2$-uniform) graphs, we have ...
1,314,259,996,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{vved} A distinctive feature of the gravity description in the framework of general relativity is a variety of its formulations, mostly geometric ones. Among the geometric formulations there are not only purely metric ones (as in the original General Relativity (GR)), but also others, which...
1,314,259,996,744
arxiv
\section{Introduction} B\"acklund transformations and their associated nonlinear superposition principles, known as permutability theorems, play a central role in modern soliton theory as described in \cite{Gu-book, RogersSchief, RogersShadwick}, see also \cite{RogersAmes} for further applications. The importance of t...
1,314,259,996,745
arxiv
\section*{References}
1,314,259,996,746
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The semiclassical description of black-hole (BH) radiation \cite{hawk1} suggests that an initial pure state evolves into a final mixed thermal state \cite{hawk2}. A transition prom a pure to a mixed state is incompatible with unitarity of quantum mechanics (QM), which constitutes the famous BH ...
1,314,259,996,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Bayesian updating provides a principled and coherent approach to inference for probabilistic models \cite{robert2007bayesian}, but is predicated on the model class being true. That is, given a generative model $F_\theta(x)$ parametrized by a finite-dimensional parameter $\theta$...
1,314,259,996,748
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is now a well established fact that at zero temperature and sufficiently high densities quark matter is a color superconductor \cite{barrois,cs} (see also Alford and Rischke contributions at this workshop). The study starting from first principles was done in \cite{weak,PR-sp1,weak-cfl}. At c...
1,314,259,996,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The low-inclination, inner main belt asteroid population is an important source region for near-Earth objects (NEOs) and terrestrial planet impactors in the past, present and future \citep{scholl1991,morbidelli2003}. This region, which includes the Nysa-Polana complex, pose...
1,314,259,996,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) was realized in trapped dilute atomic gases at ultra-low temperature, theoretical studies of the BEC have been rapidly developing. In the early stage of study, ultra-cold alkali atoms such as $^{87}$Rb and $^{23}$Na were mainly used for a formation...
1,314,259,996,751
arxiv
\section*{Supplemental material} In this supplement, we provide the results of runs using non-fluctuating optical Glauber initial conditions. The hydrodynamical runs used here are precisely the same as those used in Ref.~\cite{Brambilla:2022ynh}, which made use of the anisotropic hydrodynamics formalism~\cite{Martine...
1,314,259,996,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, large pre-trained LMs have been proven pivotal in programming-related tasks~\cite{wang2021codet5, chen2021codex, hendrycksapps2021, lu2021codexglue, papineni2002bleu}\footnote{Detailed related work is presented in Appendix \ref{app:related_work}}. Program synthesis aims to generat...
1,314,259,996,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Protoplanetary disks form during the gravitational collapse of rotating cloud cores and consist of molecular hydrogen, dust grains of various sizes, and chemical species of multiple complexities. While molecular hydrogen constitutes the main mass reservoir of the disk, dust plays an important ro...
1,314,259,996,754
arxiv
\section*{References}% \begin{quotation}\mbox{}\par} \def\refer#1\par{{\setlength{\parindent}{-\leftmargin}\indent#1\par}} \def\end{quotation}{\end{quotation}} {\noindent\small{\bf Abstract:} The supersonic stellar and disk winds possessed by massive young stellar objects will produce shocks when they collide again...
1,314,259,996,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mori dream spaces, introduced by Hu and Keel in \cite{HuKeelMDS}, are varieties for which the minimal model program works particularly well. In particular, the nef cone is polyhedral and generated by finitely many semi-ample divisors, and the movable cone is the union of finitely many polyhedral...
1,314,259,996,756
arxiv
\section{Background and Preliminaries} We consider the two-way wireless relaying scenario shown in Fig.\ref{relay_channel}, where bi-directional data transfer takes place between the nodes A and B with the help of the relay R. It is assumed that all the three nodes operate in half-duplex mode, i.e., they cannot transm...
1,314,259,996,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Unconditional security, or information theoretical security, is always the end goal of cryptography. It is a challenging task for classical cryptography, which is based on mathematical complexity. Luckily, quantum cryptography, based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics, provides a way to...
1,314,259,996,758
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}% {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% ...
1,314,259,996,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction and the main result} \label{s: intro} The main aim of this paper is to prove the following product formul{\ae} for short-time Schr\"odinger unitary groups and orthogonal projections: \begin{theorem} \label{th:main} Let $H$ be a nonnegative self-adjoint operator acting on a separable Hilbert spa...
1,314,259,996,760
arxiv
\section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.15cm}{#1}} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1}} \def\DL#1{{D_{#1}^{{\scriptscriptstyle\rm L}}}} \def {$AdS_5 \times S^5$} {{$AdS_5 \times S^5$}} \def \lrcorner {{light-cone}} \def \cite{\cite} \def{\rm f}{{\rm f}} \def \wedge {\wedge}...
1,314,259,996,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $K$-matrix formalism for reactions between particles with an internal structure is widely used in many domains of physics, including molecular collisions~\cite{lin19}, mesoscopic physics~\cite{fyo96,alh00}, hadronic spectra~\cite{lon86}, nuclear reactions~\cite{kaw15}, and statistical r...
1,314,259,996,762
arxiv
\section{Concluding remarks} \label{sec:conclusion} Having sharply characterized the worst-case excess risk of \problemName{Seq\smallDash{}LS}{} and \problemName{LDS\smallDash{}LS}{}, we see more precisely the trade-offs---or arguably the lack thereof---presented by resetting % a system, or by simply observing par...