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1,314,259,996,763 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Faddeev equations in differential form were introduced by H.P. Noyes and
H.~Fiedelday in 1968 \cite{NF}
\begin{equation}
(H_0-E)\varphi_{\alpha}+V_{\alpha}\sum_{\beta=1}^{3}\varphi_{\beta}=0,
\label{fadeq}
\end{equation}
and since that time are used extensively as for investigating
theoretical ... |
1,314,259,996,764 | arxiv | \section{Significance Statement}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Shape defines the cell. In the 1677 book \textit{Micrographia}, Robert
Hooke showed sections within a herbaceous plant under a
microscope. The shape of those sections resembles cells in a
monastery, so he named the structures cells \cite{Hooke166... |
1,314,259,996,765 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
\section{Proof of Theorem 1}\label{append:proof_theorem}
Without loss of generality, using permutation of clients indices, we will prove the upper bound for the following term
\begin{equation} \label{eq-40}
I\left(\mathbf{x}^{(t)}_N ; \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \mathbf{x}^{(t)}_i\middle| \left \... |
1,314,259,996,766 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Section1}
Carbon is a key element in the evolution of organic material in the Universe. There is a rich carbon chemistry in our Galaxy and other galaxies because of its abundance and its ability to form complex molecules. Carbon chemistry starts in the circumstellar medium of evolved massi... |
1,314,259,996,767 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: towards superconductivity with orbital degrees of freedom}
\label{sec:intro}
Significance of the discovery of high-$T_c$ superconductivity by
Bednorz and Muller \cite{Bed86} for recent progress in the quantum
many-body theory cannot be overestimated --- it triggered a huge
amount of innova... |
1,314,259,996,768 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This work is devoted to nonparametric estimation and parameter estimation
problems by observations of partially observed linear systems with small noise
in observations. Such models of observations and more complex
(multidimensional, nonlinear) were extensively studied in filtration theory,... |
1,314,259,996,769 | arxiv | \section{On wave propagation time modulated materials in the one-dimensional case}
If the constituent materials have the same wave impedance, then, there will be no reflected wave when the pulse encounters either a space or a time interface (see equations \eqref{ref_tran_time} and \eqref{ref_tran_space})... |
1,314,259,996,770 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In many simulation, graphics, simulated-annealing, cryptographic
and Monte Carlo/Las Vegas programs,
a substantial fraction of the time is used in generating
pseudo-random numbers from the uniform, normal or other distributions,
so methods of generating such numbers have rece... |
1,314,259,996,771 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The electrical transport, notably the interlayer transport, of the
layered high-$T_c$ superconductors (HTS) shows anomalous
properties related to the quasi two-dimensional structure which
have been studied very extensively in recent years. In the normal
state the interlayer conductivity gives in... |
1,314,259,996,772 | arxiv | \section{When was the High Energy Physics born?}
It was born twice. First time -- 100 years ago, when in 1896 the
radioactivity was discovered. Second time -- 50 years ago, after
World War II, when the first large accelerators of charged particles
started to create new elementary particles.
At the dawn of the century... |
1,314,259,996,773 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
Recently, some networks representing metabolic reactions in the cell and
gene regulatory responses through transcription factors
have been elucidated along with progress of experimental systems
and accumulation technology in the database \cite{database2}．
In addition, r... |
1,314,259,996,774 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $K$ be a knot in a 3-sphere $S^3$. In our previous paper \cite{gs08},
we introduced a class of knots called {\it $($rationally$)$
homologically fibered knots} and
studied their fundamental properties by using their Alexander invariants.
A (rationally) homologically... |
1,314,259,996,775 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{Northern Lights Deep Learning Workshop, Tromso, Norway, January 2019.}
With the rising costs of conventional sources of energy, the world is moving towards sustainable energy sources including wind energy. Wind turbines consist of several electrical and mechanical components and exper... |
1,314,259,996,776 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The eXtreme Multi-label Classification (XMC\xspace) task is to find relevant labels from an enormous output space of candidate labels, where the size is in the order of millions or more~(\cite{yu2014large,bhatia16,tagami2017annexml,babbar2017dismec,jain2016extreme}; etc.)
This ... |
1,314,259,996,777 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All quantum systems are open, i.e., they interact with an environment. The interaction with the environment leads to dissipation and decoherence due to a flow of energy and/or information from the system to the environment \cite{breuer&petruccione, weiss}. The dynamics of dissipation and decohere... |
1,314,259,996,778 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Superradiance is a classical phenomenon associated with
ergosphere in a rotating black hole
\cite{zeldovich,bardeen,misner,starobinsky}. If the modes of
impinging bosonic fields $\Phi\sim \exp\{-i\omega t+im\phi\}$,
with frequency $\omega$ and angular momentum $m$, are scattered
o... |
1,314,259,996,779 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{An inequality on torsional rigidity is established.
For tangential polygons this inequality is stronger than
an inequality of Polya and Szego for convex domains.
(A survey of related work, not in the journal submission, is presented.)
}
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:Intro}
In the most gener... |
1,314,259,996,780 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Let $x_1, \ldots, x_n$ be indeterminates over the ring $\mathbb{Z}$ of integers
and $S = \mathbb{Z}[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$. Let $p$ be zero or a prime number. For
any field $\Bbbk$, the general linear group $\mathrm{GL}_n(\Bbbk)$ acts on
$S \otimes_\mathbb{Z} \Bbbk$. Say that a m... |
1,314,259,996,781 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The Minority Game(MG) is a particular version of the El Farol Bar problem. The latter was introduced by Brian Arthur as a prototypical model for the complex emergent behavior in a system of many interacting agents having only incomplete information, and bounded rationality \ci... |
1,314,259,996,782 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Since first observed by the COHERENT collaboration in 2017
\cite{Akimov:2017ade} with a CsI detector, and subsequently in 2020
with a liquid argon (LAr) detector \cite{COHERENT:2020iec}, coherent elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) has been recognized as a
powerful t... |
1,314,259,996,783 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Particle track reconstruction is a common problem in most particle physics experiments. At collider experiments, particles are accelerated to speeds very close the speed of light and collide in bunches at rates of $\mathcal{O}(10 MHz)$. In each collision, new particles are created... |
1,314,259,996,784 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mapping the large scale distribution of matter and its corresponding three-dimensional (3D) velocity field is of great interest. The motivation is threefold. For one, mankind at large, and astronomers in particular, explore their Universe by charting it. Making maps is a first step towards und... |
1,314,259,996,785 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\iffalse
Persistent memory (PM) technologies offer high performance and data persistence. This relatively new memory technology has the potential to unify both the main memory and storage devices.
PM devices can be connected to a system through both the memory bus as DIMMs or as PCIe based ... |
1,314,259,996,786 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{}isasters are catastrophic events that may overwhelm the emergency response capabilities of the community and threaten public safety and the environment \cite{1}. Disasters always have significant impact on societies, economies, and humankind. According to the Ann... |
1,314,259,996,787 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges threatening the world,
the effects of which are already being felt through events such as
increasingly frequent extreme weather effects, severe droughts, and
devastating fires in countries such as the US and Australia
\cite{nhess+... |
1,314,259,996,788 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
In \cite{Mil}, the first named author gave an account of a connection between simple $(4a+1)$-knots of genus $1$ and Alexander polynomial
\begin{equation} \label{Delta_m} \Delta_m(t) = mt^2 - (2m-1)t + m, m \in {\mathbb{Z}},\end{equation}
and binary quadratic forms of discriminant ... |
1,314,259,996,789 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Classically sampling output probability distributions of
sub-universal quantum computing models is known to be
impossible under certain classical complexity conjectures.
The depth-four model~\cite{TD},
the Boson Sampling model~\cite{BS},
the IQP model~\cite{BJS,BMS},
the one-clean qubit
model~\... |
1,314,259,996,790 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}
As a part of the {C{\smaller[2]ESR}TA}~ program at Cornell~\cite{1748-0221-10-07-P07012}, the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) was instrumented with several retarding field analyzers (RFAs)~\cite{NIMA453:507to513}, to study the buildup of low energy electrons in an acce... |
1,314,259,996,791 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Categorical approaches have been very successful in bringing topological ideas into other areas of mathematics. A major example is the category of sheaves over a topological space, from which the open sets of the space can be reconstructed as subobjects of the terminal object. More generally, in... |
1,314,259,996,792 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Synthetic media have become so realistic with the advancement of deep neural networks that they are often indiscernible from authentic content. However, synthetic media designed to deceive poses a dangerous threat to many communities around the world \cite{Cahlan,Ingram}. In thi... |
1,314,259,996,793 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the problem of one-dimensional randomly forced Burgers turbulence one studies the statistical properties
a velocity field $v(x,t)$ governed by the Burgers equation \cite{burgers_74}
\begin{equation}
\label{1}
\partial_{t} v(x,t) + v(x,t)\partial_{x} v(x,t) =
\nu \partial^{2}_{x} v(x,t) +... |
1,314,259,996,794 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Supersymmetry (SUSY) is the most cherished and best studied vision of physics
beyond the Standard Model (SM). SUSY tames the quadratic divergences that
destabilize the electroweak (EW) scale, and results in a host of new particles
which should be discovered in the near futu... |
1,314,259,996,795 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\PARstart{Q}{uantum} computers exist, and have been used to solve
small
problems~\cite{vandersypen:shor-experiment,gulde03:_implem_deuts_jozsa}.
The range of potential uses includes some important problems such as
Shor's algorithm for factoring large numbers and physical simula... |
1,314,259,996,796 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Social media platorms have been seeing growing usage and adoption over time. This growth has been further accelerated with the lockdowns in the pandemic where people had no choice but to interact and express themselves online. This has led to increase in new users as well as daily active users. ... |
1,314,259,996,797 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are many astrophysical scenarios governed by relativistic
magnetohydrodynamical processes as, e.g., the production of
relativistic jets emanating from Active Galactic Nuclei,
the structure and dynamics of pulsar wind nebulae, the mechanisms
triggering the explosion in core-col... |
1,314,259,996,798 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider a variant of the pursuit-evasion game in which multiple
pursuers must simultaneously reach the evader's location to capture
it. Specifically, an evader $\mathbf{e}$, who is free to move in an
$m$-dimensional Euclidean space, is being pursued by $n$ agents $\mathbf{p}_1,
\ldots, \mat... |
1,314,259,996,799 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{p}
Standard systems of equations in fluid mechanics including the Navier--Stokes--Fourier system
governing the motion of a compressible, viscous, and heat conducting fluid are well posed in the
class of strong solutions on a possibly short time interval $[0,T_{\rm max})$. The recent res... |
1,314,259,996,800 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Bookshare~\cite{bookshare} and Sugamya Pustakalaya~\cite{sugamyapustakalaya} are libraries of accessible content used by blind, low-vision, and otherwise print-disabled (BLV) individuals. Volunteers for the non-profit scan and digitize books requested by its members. However, ... |
1,314,259,996,801 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hilbert $C^{\ast }$-modules are generalizations of Hilbert spaces by
allowing the inner product to take values in a $C^{\ast }$-algebra rather
than in the field of complex numbers. But the theory of Hilbert $C^{\ast }$%
-modules is different from the theory of Hilbert spaces, for example, no any... |
1,314,259,996,802 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
Humans are the bottleneck when proofreading segmentation data and minimizing the manual labor is the goal. Our classifiers suggest potential errors and corrections better than existing methods. This reduces the time spent finding and correcting errors.
Our experiments also show that automatic pro... |
1,314,259,996,803 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heartbeat stars are eccentric ellipsoidal variables (where the majority have eccentricities \,$\gtrsim$\,0.3) that undergo strong tidal interactions at the time of periastron passage, relative to the rest of the orbit. A consequence of these tidal interactions is that (for both components) the s... |
1,314,259,996,804 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{0.7cm}
There is a general existence theorem for solutions of analytic differential
equations, but
we have no general existence theorem for
analytic difference equations.
For example, we consider the following first order nonlinear difference equation
$$ x(t+1) = 2 x(t) + x(t)^2. \... |
1,314,259,996,805 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The lattice QCD (LQCD\xspace) community has traditionally been an early adopter of new computing and network architectures.
This typically requires major efforts porting simulation code or even communication libraries.
The Regensburg lattice group (RQCD) has been involved in suc... |
1,314,259,996,806 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Motivation}
Data analysts in the field of High Energy Physics (HEP) routinely deal with terabyte and petabyte scale datasets, but access them as objects persisted in files, rather than databases. Thus, they miss out on advantages enjoyed by data analysts in ot... |
1,314,259,996,807 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Playing computer games is a popular form of entertainment, driving sales in excess of \$64.4 billion within the United States (US) between 2010 and 2013 \cite{1}. Among the factors for this success is the broad appeal of computer games. Research shows that computer games are enjoyed by a diverse ... |
1,314,259,996,808 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Paper I (Battaner, Florido and Jimenez-Vicente 1997) and Paper II
(Florido and Battaner 1997) we suggested that primordial magnetic
flux tubes have generated radiative energy density filaments throughout the
radiation dominated era. As filaments are very frequently present in
the observed la... |
1,314,259,996,809 | arxiv | \section*{Data and methodology}
We start by considering the six strong lensing time delay measurements, of which five were analyzed blindly, from the H0LiCOW collaboration in~\cite{Wong:2019kwg,Suyu:2009by,Suyu:2013kha,Wong:2016dpo,Birrer:2018vtm,Rusu:2019xrq,Chen:2019ejq}. The difference of excess time delays between ... |
1,314,259,996,810 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has greatly changed society. Given that a large amount of data can be generated in our daily life, how to effectively and efficiently use the data to train machine learning models has become a challenge that needs to be addressed. Traditional ... |
1,314,259,996,811 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Over 5.8 million people in the USA and over 23 million worldwide are affected by cardiac diseases ~\cite{heron2016changes,bui2011epidemiology}, where the inability to generate or conduct the electrical signals necessary to stimulate muscle contraction is the major cause for m... |
1,314,259,996,812 | arxiv | \section{ The coupled Thermo-hydraulic problem and is solution \label{Appendix A}}
\subsection{Problem description}
\noindent We have already discussed that we are interested in the limiting case where the position and profile of the PSZ can be prescribed inside the fault gouge. Knowing the form of the profile of the s... |
1,314,259,996,813 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
One of the main achievements in high energy physics in the last decade is the observation of a new boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by the two collaborations ATLAS and CMS \cite{HiggsATLAS,HiggsCMS}.
The observed particle is the candidate for the missing key element of the standard m... |
1,314,259,996,814 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The first stars, so-called Population~III (Pop~III) stars form in the absence of heavy elements in the early Universe. Due to the lack of metal cooling, they are expected to be drastically different from the stars found in our vicinity at the present day \citep{BrommReview, GloverReview, GreifRev... |
1,314,259,996,815 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The ultra-low-luminosity source at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A$^{*}$ (Sgr A$^{*}$), is thought to be powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole.
Sgr A$^{*}$ radiates well below the Eddington limit and there is strong evidence that the accreting ga... |
1,314,259,996,816 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Total solar irradiance changes by about $0.1\%$ between solar activity
maximum and minimum. Accurate measurements of this quantity are only
available since 1978 \citep{froehlich06} and do not provide information on
longer-term secular trends. In order to reliably evaluate the Sun's... |
1,314,259,996,817 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For correctly modeling galaxy evolution, the availability of
accurate redshifts for both normal galaxies and active galactic
nuclei (AGN) is crucial.
Although redshifts measured via spectroscopic observations are very
reliable, they are time consuming. Long exposure times are required
for t... |
1,314,259,996,818 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Unruh-DeWitt(UDW) detectors originated as a thought experiment by Unruh \cite{Unruh1976Notes} (later extended by DeWitt \cite{DeWitt1979quantum}) to model an accelerating qubit in a vacuum. Unruh showed that an accelerating observer would view the ground state of a quantum field... |
1,314,259,996,819 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
$\eta$ Carinae is the most luminous massive binary system of our galaxy and the first one to have been detected at very high energies without hosting a compact object\footnote{So far this list also counts the interesting case of WR11~\citep{2016MNRAS.457L..99P}}. It is composed by one of the mos... |
1,314,259,996,820 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Sampling theory of graph signal aims to recover the whole signal by using part of the observation of the original signal, which can save the cost to infer in a large graph. Various methods have been developed to reconstruct the original signal from noise-free samples\cite{chen2015discrete,marque... |
1,314,259,996,821 | arxiv | \section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\myappendix}{ |
1,314,259,996,822 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Thermal hadron gas (HG) models have recently been used
to fit the data of particle yields in
nucleus-nucleus (A+A) collisions at the AGS and SPS energies
(see e.g. \cite{St:96}).
The ideal HG model becomes inadequate at the chemical
freeze-out in high-energy A+A collisions:
temperature and bary... |
1,314,259,996,823 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
In recent decades, a number of new materials such as cuprates, magnesium
diboride, chalcogenides and iron pnictides with a high critical temperature have been found. {\cit
{Hosono2008,Mazin02,Stewart11,Paglione10,Johnston10,Hosono15}}
This generated numerous proposals for the mechanisms of ... |
1,314,259,996,824 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exploration of hadron spectrum is a central issue in
nonperturbative QCD. Charmonium is the most suitable system to be
studied for its non-relativistic features and a large number of data
accumulated in experiments. It provides people fruitful information
to study the properties of strong int... |
1,314,259,996,825 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Animal sensory organs have inspired diverse artificial sensing systems, from chemosensing based on olfaction to whiskered robots based on the vibrissal sense of rodents. We are intimately familiar with our own human sense of touch, which underlies our abilities to manipulate the world and intera... |
1,314,259,996,826 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A compact connected K\"ahler manifold $X$ is called a \emph{hyperk\"ahler manifold} if it is simply connected and $H^0(X,\Omega^2_X)$ is generated by a holomorphic symplectic form $\sigma$. For a Lagrangian fibration $\pi\colon X\to \mathbb P^n$ we can associate a certain group called the {\em Sh... |
1,314,259,996,827 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction} \label{s:intro}
The {\em HOMFLYPT polynomial} $P(L)$ is an invariant of oriented
link $L$. It is defined as the Laurent polynomial in two variables
$a$ and $z$ with integer coefficients satisfying the following skein
relation and the initial condition:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:skein}
aP(\rb{-4.... |
1,314,259,996,828 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the fundamental group of smooth algebraic varieties is a classical problem in complex geometry. One of the most studied case is the complement of an arrangement of lines $\mathscr{A}$ in $\mathbb{P}^2$. Several methods have been used for computing this group, for example: \cite{suc... |
1,314,259,996,829 | arxiv | \section{s-IFR(R) Ordering}\label{sec2}
\hspace*{0.2 in}In this section we define and study s-IFR(R) ordering.
This ordering interprets that ratio of the hazard rates
of $X_s$ and $Y_s$ is increasing. This means that $X_s$ ages faster than $Y_s$. We begin with the following definition.
\begin{definition} \label{def2... |
1,314,259,996,830 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wide-bandgap devices, such as silicon carbide
(SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) metal oxide semiconductor field-effect
transistors (MOSFETs), are the promising alternatives that
replace conventional silicon (Si) power
devices~\cite{Baliga_book,Kimoto_book}. Owing to the excellent
material properti... |
1,314,259,996,831 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last decade, ideas and tools from quantum information and computation have found an increasing number of applications in the efforts to understand the Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence~\cite{maldacena1999large} as a holographic quantum theory of gravity.
Nota... |
1,314,259,996,832 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:obs} OBSERVATIONS \& DATA REDUCTION}
We observed G330.2+1.0/J1601 with the European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) on board
{\it XMM-Newton} Observatory on 2008-03-20 (ObsID 0500300101). The pointing (RA[J2000]
= 16$^h$ 01$^m$ 3$\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^s$}$14, Dec[J2000] = --51$^{\circ}$ 33$^{\prime}$ 53... |
1,314,259,996,833 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High energy, single-cycle terahertz pulses are essential for both fundamental studies and applications, such as materials analysis \cite{hamm2017perspective,manceau2010direct,sharma2010time}, 6G communications \cite{yang20196g}, electron acceleration \cite{zhang2018segmented}, and high resolution... |
1,314,259,996,834 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The last decade has seen the rise of effective field theory (EFT) to the forefront of particle physics as the mainstream general framework to process experimental data into theory. This shift was originated by experimental data and the absence of long-heralded evidence in it but... |
1,314,259,996,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Main Results}
\ \ \ \ \ Many mathematical models of phenomena occuring in
sociology, physics, biology and engineering involve random
differential and integral equations. Theoretical and applied
treatments of problems concerning random differential and integral
equations can be found in... |
1,314,259,996,836 | arxiv | \section{figure captions}
Fig.1 The spin wave dispersions obtained by (a) LMTO calculations and
(b) the tight binding approach (model A)
along the symmetry directions $\Gamma$X,
XM and MR shown as a function of doping.
Fig. 2 The doping dependence of the exchange couplings $J_1$,
$J_2$,
$J_4$ and $J_8$ between atoms... |
1,314,259,996,837 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is a suitable framework to model the dynamics of populations
in which the success of one type depends on the actions of the others. In EGT, selection varies with the species
densities and is thus ``frequency dependent''~\cite{EGT1,EGT2,EGT3,Nowak}... |
1,314,259,996,838 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Exciton-polaritons are quasiparticles emerging due to the strong coupling between quantum well excitons and cavity photons in high quality factor cavities~\cite{Microcavities}. Due to their hybrid light-matter nature, polaritons exhibit set of intriguing collective effects such as high temperatur... |
1,314,259,996,839 | arxiv | \section{Kernel function}
\subsection{The algebra $\mathcal{A}$}
We briefly recall the definition and the basic facts
about the commutative algebra $\mathcal{A}$ introduced in \cite{FHHSY:2009}.
Let $q_1,q_2$ be two independent indeterminates
and set $q_3\mathbin{:=} 1/q_1q_2$.
We also use the symbols $\mathbb{F}\... |
1,314,259,996,840 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Background}
The last two and a half decades have seen a renaissance in the study of the theory of factorization. The main focus of this research has been in the theater of integral domains, but much work has also been done in the more general setting of commutative rings with identity; for ex... |
1,314,259,996,841 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The social web has become a common means for seeking romantic companionship, made evident by the wide assortment of online dating sites that are available on the Internet. As such, the notion of relationship recommendation systems is not only interesting but also highly applicable. This paper inv... |
1,314,259,996,842 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance in various applications such as image recognition\cite{IR01, IR02}, natural language processing\cite{NLP01}, speech recognition\cite{SR01, SR02} and complex video games\cite{GP01, GP02}. It has... |
1,314,259,996,843 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A cline describes a gradual change in genotypic or phenotypic frequency as a function of spatial location. Clines often occur in species distributed along an environmental gradient, for instance in temperature, where alternative phenotypes or genotypes are better adapted to the different extremes... |
1,314,259,996,844 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stroke (i.e., cerebrovascular disease) is the fourth leading cause of death in the general population and {third} --- behind heart disease and cancer --- among those aged 85 and older, with rates increasing exponentially with age \citep{deaths}. Geographic trends in stroke mortality have been stu... |
1,314,259,996,845 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
Recent progress in deep learning has profoundly affected many areas of
artificial intelligence. One exception is probabilistic first-order
logical reasoning. In this paper, we seek to closely integrate
probabilistic logical reasoning with the powerful infrastructure tha... |
1,314,259,996,846 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{se:intro}
\citet{Bor:CRAS1921} proposed a game, later dubbed \emph{Colonel Blotto game} by \citet{GroWag:RAND1950}.
In this game Colonel Blotto and his enemy each have a given (possibly unequal) amount of resources, that have to be allocated to $n$ battlefields. The side that allocates mor... |
1,314,259,996,847 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accurate state estimation and mapping in large, perceptually-challenging environments has become a critical capability for autonomous mobile robots. Whereas typical visual SLAM approaches often perform poorly in dust, fog, or low-light conditions, LiDAR-based methods can provide more reliable lo... |
1,314,259,996,848 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graphs and complex networks can be classified into two major
categories: \emph{geographical} and \emph{non-geographical} ones.
Whereas in the latter type of networks, nodes do not have specific
positions, in the former, each node has a well-defined spatial
position, expressible by respective co... |
1,314,259,996,849 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among the various phenomena in dynamics
associated with randomness, weak mixing and entropy stand out
for the depth of their theory and the breadth of their applications (see
for example \cite{EinWar11,Gla03}).
In the setting of discrete acting groups, weak mixing makes sense in general
while e... |
1,314,259,996,850 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{S1}
{L}ate-life depression (LLD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia are prevalent disorders worldwide that affect older adults.
Previous studies have shown a close relationship between depression, cognitive impairment (CI), and progressive dementia in late life, especially Al... |
1,314,259,996,851 | arxiv | \section{Chain mapping}
\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{A1}
\caption{Chain mapping of the multi-environment Hamiltonian in the main text to a star-structure that includes excitonic and photonic degrees of freedom in the root operator.}\label{fig:chain_mapping_2}
\end{figure}
We he... |
1,314,259,996,852 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SecIntroduction}
In the presence of strong local constraints, certain classical systems exhibit so-called `Coulomb phases', where correlation functions have power-law forms and nontrivial directional dependence.\cite{Youngblood,Henley,Huse,Bramwell,Kasteleyn} These phases are of considera... |
1,314,259,996,853 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of the high-temperature superconductivity (SC) in
copper-oxide based compounds - cuprates (Bednorz and M\"uller 1986)
revived the interest in materials containing transition elements. The
main feature of these materials is the crucial role of
electron-electron interactions. This ... |
1,314,259,996,854 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Young Solar Analogs Project is a long-term spectroscopic and
photometric effort to monitor a sample of Young Solar Analogs (YSAs) in
order to gain a deeper understanding of their magnetically related stellar
activity. YSAs give us a window into the conditions in the early solar
system when ... |
1,314,259,996,855 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The success of the Standard Model in describing the electroweak scale phenomena notwithstanding the apparent
problems with the high-energy behaviour have lead to revival of interest in better understanding the UV
properties of general
gauge-Yukawa theories, see e.g. Refs~\cite{Litim:2014uca,An... |
1,314,259,996,856 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Our Contributions}
We consider the following problem.
We are given a set of agents and a set of items.
There are as many items as agents.
Each agent has a \emph{dichotomous preference} over the items,
that is, each agent evaluates each item as acceptable or unacceptable.
(See, e.g.,... |
1,314,259,996,857 | arxiv |
\section{Methods}
\label{sec:methods}
In \autoref{fig:architecture}, the model architecture is visualized.
After an initial downsampling, the RGB input image is fed into the Krizhevsky network.
The Krizhevsky architecture consists of stacked convolutions, each one followed by a rectifiying nonlinearity and o... |
1,314,259,996,858 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Twin-width is an invariant of graphs introduced in \cite{BKTW20}. It is used to study the parameterized complexity of graph algorithms. It has applications in logic, enumerative combinatorics etc. Recently, it has appeared in many articles (\cite{BGKTW21}, \cite{BGKTW21'}, \cite{BGMSTT21}, \cit... |
1,314,259,996,859 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Open quantum random walks were recently defined by Attal \textit{et al.} in \cite{APSS}. These processes have a simple definition, implementing a Markovian dynamics influenced by internal degrees of freedom, and can be useful to model a variety of phenomena: quantum algorithms (see \cite{SP}), t... |
1,314,259,996,860 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Thermodynamics emerged as a theory to describe the properties of systems consisting of macroscopically many degrees of freedom. While it served from the very beginning as a practical tool to quantify the performance of heat engines, it also initiated substantial efforts in fundamental research t... |
1,314,259,996,861 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1943, Hadwiger~\cite{Hadwiger} conjectured that every $K_t$-minor-free graph is $(t-1)$-colorable for every $t\ge 1$. In the 1980s, Kostochka~\cite{Kos82,Kos84} and Thomason~\cite{Tho84} independently proved that every graph with no $K_t$ minor has average degree $O(t\sqrt{\log t})$ and hence... |
1,314,259,996,862 | arxiv | \section*{Supplemental Material}
\beginsupplement
\subsection*{Experimental details}
The 455~nm laser is frequency-stabilized with a blue detuning of $\delta_{7{\rm P}}=1.5$~GHz to the $6{\rm S}_{1/2}, {\rm F}=4 \rightarrow 7{\rm P}_{3/2}, {\rm F'}=5 $ transition (see Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2}). The 1070~nm laser is scanned... |
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