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3,212,635,537,606
arxiv
\chapter{\bf Acknowledgements} I would like to thank Ramy Brustein, Gary Horowitz, and Joe Polchinski, for discussions. This work is partially supported by Department of Energy contract No. DE-AC02-86ER40253. \refout \end
3,212,635,537,607
arxiv
\subsection{Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in Subsection Title} \section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Now it is a golden era to study galaxy formation and evolution. Fortunately, elliptical galaxies supply us a good chance to carry out this work because they seem to be homogeneo...
3,212,635,537,608
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement} We would like to thank Huy Ha, Zeyi Liu, and Mandi Zhao for their helpful feedback and fruitful discussions. This work was supported in part by NSF Awards 2037101, 2132519, 2037101, and Toyota Research Institute. Dr. Gan was supported by the DARPA MCS program and gift funding from MERL, Ci...
3,212,635,537,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent years in gravitational physics were exciting for experimental physics as well as theoretical physics. The first detection of gravitational waves of a binary black hole merger \cite{Abbot:2016} and of a binary neutron star merger \cite{Abbot:2017} by LIGO/VIRGO mark the starting point o...
3,212,635,537,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A diffraction grating, defined as a periodic optical structure with infinite extent in one direction diffracts waves incident on its surface~\cite{1}. Being imposed by the periodicity of a grating, which can be of the order of a free-space wavelength or greater, an incident wave is scattered as...
3,212,635,537,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spin-orbitronics\cite{spin-orbitronics1,spin-orbitronics2} has attracted a lot of attention recently as a new subfield of spintronics\cite{Spintronics review1,Spintronics review2} in which the relativistic spin-orbit interaction (SOI) plays a central role. Spin-orbitronics includes generation and...
3,212,635,537,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Relativistic jet outflows from radio galaxies are a primary mechanism for energy extraction from supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and an important source of energy input to the intergalactic medium (IGM) in groups and clusters (e.g. \citealt[and refer...
3,212,635,537,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper will consider the expansion properties of a random binomial simplicial complex past the threshold for the cohomological connectivity. This model was introduced by Linial and Meshulam~\cite{ar:LinMesh2006} and it is a generalisation of the binomial random graph $G(n,p)$. Let $Y(...
3,212,635,537,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction The $N$th singular value~\cite{Watson-sing,B-C-Z} is the algebraic number $k_N\in[0,1]$ for which \begin{equation} {\rm AGM}\left(1,\sqrt{1-k_N^2}\right)=\sqrt{N}\,{\rm AGM}(1,k_N) \label{k-N} \end{equation} where the arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) is obtained by iterating the rapidly convergent...
3,212,635,537,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Publishing new research in journals/conferences is a common practice in the scientific community. It is noticed that papers of few authors consistently get accepted in journals whereas papers of certain other authors get rarely accepted\footnote{https://www.sciencemag.org/career...
3,212,635,537,616
arxiv
\section{acknowledgments} We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the research unit FOR 1162 (projects Ge1855/10-2 and Fa222/5-2) as well as experimental support by R. H{\"{o}}lldobler. \providecommand{\noopsort}[1]{}\providecommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1}%
3,212,635,537,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded domain with the boundary $\partial\Omega$ of $C^2$ class. We set $Q=\Omega \times (0,T)$, where $T>0$. We use notations $\partial_t= \frac{\partial}{\partial t}$, $\partial_i=\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}$ ($i=1,2,\ldots, n$). We also use the mul...
3,212,635,537,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For statistical hypothesis testing, one of the widely-used conventional methods is using the Student $t$-test statistic, \[ T= \frac{\bar{X}-\mu}{S/\sqrt{n}}, \] where $\bar{X}$ is the sample mean and $S$ is the sample standard deviation. However, a statistical inference using this Studen...
3,212,635,537,619
arxiv
\section{Force-Extension Relation} As a first step towards an understanding of the macroscopic viscoelastic properties of an entangled network of wormlike chains one has to understand the elastic properties of a single wormlike chain. The linear force-extension relation of a wormlike chain is obtained by the following ...
3,212,635,537,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In many real world problems, optimization decisions have to be made with limited information. Whether it is a static optimization or dynamic control problem, obtaining detailed and accurate information about the problem or system can often be a costly and time consuming process...
3,212,635,537,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} Expressions involving products of Dirac spinors are among the most common objects appearing in the problems of high energy physics. For example, any Feynmann diagram involving fermions includes Dirac bilinears (e.g. as in FIG. I). Various conventions for spinors are prese...
3,212,635,537,622
arxiv
\section{Deep Impact Framework} \boldparagraph{Document Expansion.} In our approach, we leverage \textsf{DocT5Query}\ document expansion to enrich the original document collection with expansion terms. As noted by \citet{doc2query}, document expansion can be seen as a two-fold approach. By adding terms that are alr...
3,212,635,537,623
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In most challenging real-world supervised machine learning tasks in model serving such as sentiment analysis of Twitter users and weather forecasting, data evolve and change over time, causing the machine learning models built on historical data to become increasingly unreliable. One reason is u...
3,212,635,537,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.08in} \LetLtxMacro{\section}{\oldsection} \vspace{-0.06in} { \bibliographystyle{style/IEEEtran} \section{Introduction} \setlength{\epigraphwidth}{0.9\columnwidth} \renewcommand{\epigraphflush}{center} \epigraph{All simulations are wrong, but so...
3,212,635,537,625
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Black hole binaries (BHB) transit through different ``spectral states'' during their outbursts. The two canonical ones are the soft state (also known as ``high'' state, hereafter HSS) and the hard state (also known as ``low'' state, hereafter LHS). In the HSS, the emission is dominated by a bri...
3,212,635,537,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Observations of local Milky Way clouds show that the bulk of molecular gas is inert with star formation concentrated in the small fraction of the cloud at high surface density \citep[][]{2010ApJ...723.1019H,2010ApJ...724..687L,2012ApJ...745..190L}. This observation lead...
3,212,635,537,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} \label{introduction} \flo{- Why generative models are cool} Generative models have interesting properties, as shown in \cite{ng2002discriminative} where the conditional distribution $P( Y | X )$(X represents the samples and Y the classes) learned by a generative model is compare...
3,212,635,537,628
arxiv
\section{Splitting of a cotangent bundle} \medskip \par For the dynamical systems with a high degree of symmetry it is natural to try to parametrize as much of the phase space, as possible by the global constants of motion. \par In the case of geodesic motion on a semisimple group manifold (with the Hamiltonian being ...
3,212,635,537,629
arxiv
\section*{Some comments and Open Problems} In contrast to Theorem~\ref{main}, Theorem~\ref{main2} is true for the Euclidean plane $E^2$ even in a stronger form: for any subset $C\subset E^2$ not lying on a line and any partition $E^2=A_1\cup A_2$ one of the cells of the partition contains an unbounded subset symmetric...
3,212,635,537,630
arxiv
\section{Detection Method}\seclab{method} Cosmic $\nu_{\tau}$ can produce taus\footnote{Other neutrino flavors can be neglected, as the electron range in matter at these energies is too short and the muon decay length too large.} under the Earth surface through charged-current interactions. Taus may then exit and deca...
3,212,635,537,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Over the duration of its operation, from 2009--2013, the Herschel Space Observatory (HSO) enabled observations of the fundamental rotational transitions of a variety of molecular hydrides and hydride ions, several of them being newly discovered. Many of these transitions cannot ...
3,212,635,537,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Count data are random variables that assume non-negative integer values and represent the number of times an event occurs in the observation period. This kind of data is common in crop sciences, such as the number of grains produced by a plant, number of fruits produced by a...
3,212,635,537,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the major goals of evolutionary genomics is the identification of genomic changes that underpin phenotypic differences between species \cite{anisimova2012detecting}. To identify such changes it is important to identify regions or even individual sites in molecular sequences that have be...
3,212,635,537,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Let $f$ be a rational or a transcendental entire function. For $n \in \mathbb{N} $, let $ f^{n}$ denote the $n^{th}$ iterate of $f$. The set \\ $ F(f) = \{ z : (f^n) $ is normal in some neighbourhood of $ z \}$ is called Fatou set of $f$ and its complement denoted ...
3,212,635,537,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} PKS\,1510--089\ is a bright flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) located at a redshift of $z=0.36$ \citep{ta96}. It was the second FSRQ to be detected in the very-high-energy (VHE, $>100$\,GeV) range \citep{ab13}. The source is monitored by various instruments spanning the full range from radio up...
3,212,635,537,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $k$ be a field. The Grothendieck ring of varieties $K_0(\mathbf{Var}_{/k})$ is as a group defined to have generators the isomorphism classes $[X]$ where $X$ is a variety over $K$, and relations $[X-Y] + [Y] = [X]$ where $Y \hookrightarrow X$ is a closed inclusion. The multiplication is indu...
3,212,635,537,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study programs with {\em monotone} constraints \cite{mt04,mnt03,mnt06} and introduce a related class of programs with {\em convex} constraints. These formalisms allow constraints to appear in the heads of program rules, which sets them apart from other recent proposals for integrating con...
3,212,635,537,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction\newline} Polarons emerge naturally from cold atom mixtures with an extreme population imbalance where minority atoms are so outnumbered by majority atoms that they may be considered impurities submerged in a host medium. Polaron studies have undergone an exciting revival in recent years, spark...
3,212,635,537,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Submodularity is an important property that models a diminishing return phenomenon, i.e., the marginal value of adding an element to a set decreases as the set expands. It has been extensively studied in the literature, mainly accompanied with maximization or minimization problems of set function...
3,212,635,537,640
arxiv
\section{} \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} This study investigates the localization in the time-average of the absolute squares of the time-evolving wave function on the desymmetrized stadium billiard that occurs after the Gaussian wavepacket is launched as the initial state. In chaotic billiards like...
3,212,635,537,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Massive type IIA supergravity \cite{Romans:1985tz} admits a consistent truncation on the six-sphere to maximal supergravity in four dimensions with gauge group $\textrm{ISO}(7) = \textrm{SO}(7) \ltimes \mathbb{R}^7$ \cite{Guarino:2015jca,Guarino:2015vca}. The gauging is dyonic, in the sense of \...
3,212,635,537,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multidimensional continued fractions (MCFs) were introduced by Jacobi \cite{Jac} in order to answer to a question posed by Hermite \cite{Her}, namely the existence of an algorithm defined over the real numbers that becomes eventually periodic when it processes algebraic irrationalities. In oth...
3,212,635,537,643
arxiv
\section*{ABSTRACT} \begin{quote} \begin{small} We have found provably optimal algorithms for full-domain discrete-ordinate transport sweeps on a class of grids in 2D and 3D Cartesian geometry that are regular at a coarse level but arbitrary within the coarse blocks. We describe these algorithms and show that they alw...
3,212,635,537,644
arxiv
\section*{Non-equilibrium condensation} The optical mode in our system is provided by a 2D array of silver nanorods (NRs) where the LSPs of the individual nanoparticles are coherently coupled with each other through the diffraction orders propagating in the plane of the array, thus sustaining SLRs. The NRs array, whos...
3,212,635,537,645
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \iffalse Things to write about. Comparisons to \begin{enumerate} \item Sums of products of univariates. \item Ankit Gupta's PIT paper...need to read it slightly \item Any other non-multilinear PIT of larger than depth 3....Shubhangi might know \item Can handle polylog top fan-in for depth three...
3,212,635,537,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation are one of the most powerful tools to study the early Universe, also they can provide precise measurement of the cosmological parameters. Starting with COBE's groundbreaking detection, in the past two decades there has...
3,212,635,537,647
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $V$ be finite-dimensional $\mathbbm{C}$-vector space, $W \subset \GL(V)$ be a finite (pseudo-)reflection group with corresponding hyperplane arrangement $\mathcal{A}$. We assume that $\mathcal{A}$ is essential, meaning that $\bigcap \mathcal{A} = \{ 0 \}$ and denote $n = \dim V$ the rank of ...
3,212,635,537,648
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Information in the brain is mainly represented in the form of neural impulses. All those impulses are roughly identical in their height and width and called spikes, see Fig. \ref{spikes}. The only thing which matters is the time when such an impulse has been generated or received. If neural impul...
3,212,635,537,649
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} We solve the local and global structural identifiability problems for viscoelastic mechanical models represented by networks of springs and dashpots. We propose a very simple characterization of both local and global structural identifiability based on \emph{identifiability tables}, with the purp...
3,212,635,537,650
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a considerable recent interest in two directions of classical and quantum gravity and possible implications in cosmology and astrophysics:\ The first one is related to gravity models with anisotropic scaling between space and time at short distances which is usually referred to as ...
3,212,635,537,651
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One-dimensional (1D) quantum wires and the junctions of several 1D quantum wires are expected to be important for potential applications as components in future nano-electronic devices. Such 1D quantum wires with interacting electrons are described by the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theor...
3,212,635,537,652
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The two-term Machin-like formula for pi is given by \begin{equation}\label{eq_1} \frac{\pi }{4} = {\alpha _1}\arctan \left( {\frac{1}{{{\beta _1}}}} \right) + {\alpha _2}\arctan \left( {\frac{1}{{{\beta _2}}}} \right), \end{equation} where ${\alpha _1}$, ${\alpha _2}$, ${\beta _1}$ and ${\beta _...
3,212,635,537,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been a longstanding challenge to predict accurately the equation of state and in particular the phase diagrams of fluids and fluid mixtures from atomistic models via computer simulation.\cite{1,2,3,4,5} Such applications have required a widespread development of computer simulation method...
3,212,635,537,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} In the study of population genetics models, it is of great importance to identify their stationary distributions. Such identifications provide us with basic information of possible equilibria of the models and are needed prior to quantitative discussions on statistical inference....
3,212,635,537,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-$P_T$ processes taking place in the background of the medium produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion (A-A) collisions are a cornerstone of the experimental A-A program at the LHC. The aim is to use these processes to do ``jet tomography'', i.e. to study both the short-distance physics of ...
3,212,635,537,656
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In the recent paper~\cite{anos}, Adler, Nemenman, Overduin and Santiago criticize a limit on the measurability of distances which was originally derived by Salecker and Wigner in the 1950s~\cite{wign}. If correct, this criticism would have implications for all the recent papers which have used ...
3,212,635,537,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} In \cite{ambro}, the notion of quasi-log structures was introduced in order to prove the cone and contraction theorem for $(X, \Delta)$ where $X$ is a normal variety and $\Delta$ is an effective $\mathbb R$-divisor such that $K_X+\Delta$ is $\mathbb R$-Cartier. Although the theory...
3,212,635,537,658
arxiv
\section{The HEGRA IACT Array} The HEGRA IACT system is located on the Canary Island of La Palma, at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias, at a height of about 2200~m asl. In its final form, the HEGRA IACT array will consist of five identical telescopes with 8.5~m$^2$ ...
3,212,635,537,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pragmatically applied rules of quantum mechanics involve two distinct laws of evolution for the state of the system: these are the Schr\"odinger equation and quantum state reduction. A long-standing problem is how to make sense of this since there is no underlying theory stating when one o...
3,212,635,537,660
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many industrial processes, one frequently faces a measured data that is composed of the true value of a signal and some random noise. One central problem in signal processing is to find the characteristics of noise, which is critical to many important tasks such as signal filtering, estimatio...
3,212,635,537,661
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction} Localization in commutative algebra means a universal construction where a set of chosen elements in a given commutative ring is made invertible (they will become denominators): the outcome is called a ring of fractions. The classical exa...
3,212,635,537,662
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the preceeding paper, A. Shiryaev, Z. Xu and X.Y. Zhou \cite{SXZ} ask about the optimal time to sell a stock over a certain time interval $[0,T]$, knowing that the price is a geometrical Brownian motion with a certain average return over the risk-free rate $a-r$ and a certain volatility $\s...
3,212,635,537,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} The Jacobian conjecture was first formulated in 1939 by Keller \cite{K} which states that a polynomial map $P:\bfF^n\to \bfF^n$ where $\bfF$ is a field of characteristic zero and $n\geq2$ has a polynomial inverse if the Jacobian $J(P)$ of $P$ is a nonzero constant. This ...
3,212,635,537,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Results}\label{section1} Over the last decade, significant progress has been made concerning the quenched invariance principle on random conductance models. A typical and important example is random walk on the infinite cluster of supercritical bond percolation on $\mathbb Z^d$. It is sho...
3,212,635,537,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Entanglement plays a very important role in quantum information processes \cite{yu1, wbps, AFOV, FLWDR} (see also references therein). Even if different parts of the quantum system (quantum register) are initially disentangled, entanglement naturally appears in the process of quantum protocols...
3,212,635,537,666
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Research in natural language processing (NLP) has traditionally focused on developing models for English and a small set of other languages with large amounts of data (see~Figure \ref{fig:stats}, bottom right). While the lack of data is generally cited as the key reason for the lack of progres...
3,212,635,537,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this note using non-smooth critical point theory together with classical local invertibility results we consider locally invertible locally Lipschitz functions $f \mathbb{R} ^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R} ^{n}$. We provide conditions for global invertibility of $f$. This note aims at ans...
3,212,635,537,668
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have received considerable attention recently as potential candidates for energy scavenging~\cite{envsci17, id1, id2, id4}. These devices have been shown to convert mechanical energy into electricity in applications such as energy harvesting and self-powered s...
3,212,635,537,669
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The use of discounting in optimal control and Hamilton--Jacobi equations theory is both motivated by the models used and very useful from a theoretical point of view. In the models, the discount accounts for the lesser influence of events far away in time. From the theoretical point of view, the...
3,212,635,537,670
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Molecules are often used as tracers of the physical conditions of many astrophysical environments. Their presence and abundance, as well as their internal states, give strong constraints on the temperature, density, and also dynamics of the observed media. Observations are almost always supporte...
3,212,635,537,671
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years impressive progress has been achieved in fabricating, functionalizing and controlling molecular junctions for charge transfer [\onlinecite{reviews,cuniberti,scheer}] and as nano-machines [\onlinecite{browne}]. This includes advanced techniques to link molecular structures to meta...
3,212,635,537,672
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \begin{table}[htb] \renewcommand\thetable{A} \centering \caption{The performance (Agreement and test accuracy) of previous methods under the soft-label and the hard-label settings. And the average performance reduction of each dataset under hard label is reported in the last row.} \resizebox{\tex...
3,212,635,537,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Integrable systems are widely investigated in $(1+1)$ dimensions, where one of the dimensions stands for the time evolution variable and the other one stands for the space variable. The space variable is usually considered on continuous intervals, or both on integer values and on $\mathbb{R}$ \c...
3,212,635,537,674
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recognizing actions and activities in videos is a long studied problem in computer vision \cite{bobick2001recognition,haritaoglu2000w,bregler1997learning}. An action is defined as a short duration movement such as jumping, throwing, kicking. In contrast, activities are more complex. An activity h...
3,212,635,537,675
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Shape optimization has started its development especially in the last quarter of the previous century and we just quote several monographs devoted to this subject Pironneau \cite{Pironneau1984}, Haslinger and Neittaanm\"aki \cite{Haslinger1996}, Sokolowski and Zolesio ...
3,212,635,537,676
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this note, we are interested in four theorems on spherical point configurations. The first of these theorems is concerned with orthonormal representation of graphs. The notion of orthonormal representation of a graph was introduced by Lov\'{a}sz in his study of Shannon capacity of graphs \cit...
3,212,635,537,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the Skyrme model of nuclear physics, both pions and nucleons are represented by a single scalar SU(2) group valued field, $U(x)$. Pions occur as field quanta, while baryons are instead represented as topological solitons. The classical Skyrme theory, with a simple quantisation of the spin and...
3,212,635,537,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quasinormal modes (QNMs) and quasinormal frequencies (QNFs) \cite{Regge:1957td,Zerilli:1971wd, Kokkotas:1999bd, Nollert:1999ji, Konoplya:2011qq} have recently acquired great interest due to the detection of gravitational waves \cite{Abbott:2016blz}. Despite the detected signal is consistent ...
3,212,635,537,679
arxiv
\section{#2\protect\margine{#1} \else\section{#2} \fi \paragrafonew{#2} \global\advance\nparagrafo by 1 \setcounter{ES}{0} \setcounter{AS}{0} \scrivi{#1}{p}{PARAGRAFO}{\nparagrafo} } \def\undefinedpagestyle{\relax} \nofiles \begin{document} \bozzefalse \REPORT LABEL:sp% DRIVEFIG:./SP/...
3,212,635,537,680
arxiv
\section{Quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field} \indent Gravity deals with the frame in which everything takes place, i.e., with spacetime. We are used to putting everything into spacetime, so that we can name and handle events. General relativity made spacetime dynamical but the relations between different ...
3,212,635,537,681
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two broad questions often occur in problems related to condensed matter systems: What sort of gapless phases can arise from finite density or charge density states? What kind of physics can emerge at a quantum critical point? In the absence of sharp quasiparticles or weakly coupled effective deg...
3,212,635,537,682
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since an international electron-positron ($e^-e^+$) linear collider (ILC) can measure particle masses very accurately, there is a growing consensus that the next high energy machine to be built after the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) should be an ILC. Such a machine is technically feasible an...
3,212,635,537,683
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction} Poisson cohomology, a way of parametrizing the deformations of a Poisson structure, is an important invariant in Poisson geometry. However, the computation of Poisson cohomology is quite difficult in general and few explicit results are known (\cite{Dufour}, p.43). One class of manifolds wher...
3,212,635,537,684
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays, consumer demand for more functionalities, low power consumption and compact systems. Memory is an important part of many electronics gadgets. The major concern for memories is soft errors which are caused by radiation \cite{Dixit2011}, \cite{Ibe2010}. These soft errors corrupt the digit...
3,212,635,537,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Language technologies have become important tools for content moderation on several platforms. Offensive content is either flagged or deleted completely. Some of these language technologies are trained on data that are labeled by annotators who provide ground-truth labels for the data samples. Ho...
3,212,635,537,686
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We thank Adam Jermyn for useful discussions on typical stellar parameters and Liam O'Connor, Ben Hyatt, Adrian Fraser, Kyle Augustson, and Whitney Powers for their valuable feedback and discussions. DL is supported in part by NASA HTMS grant 80NSSC20K1280. EHA is funded as a CIERA Postdo...
3,212,635,537,687
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Diagrams are a common feature of many everyday media from newspapers to school textbooks, and not surprisingly, different forms of \emph{diagrammatic representation} have been studied from various perspectives. To name just a few examples, recent work has examined patterns in diagram design \cit...
3,212,635,537,688
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The tight-binding model on a honeycomb lattice with broken time-reversal symmetry proposed by Haldane \cite{haldane1988model} is an interesting example of a Chern band insulator \cite{kane13,rpp-rachel18}. At half-filling, it can exhibit a quantized Hall conductance in the a...
3,212,635,537,689
arxiv
\section{introduction} Propagation of optical waves in waveguide arrays has become an important and effective means to investigate various optical phenomena which have analogues in many fields of physics \cite{Longhi}. Special attention has been paid to nonlinear surface waves and nonlinear guided waves in planar...
3,212,635,537,690
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC is very opaque to energetic partons as shown by the observed strong jet quenching \cite{Adler:2003qi,Adler:2002tq} due to multiple scattering and induced parton energy loss \cite{Wang:1991xy}. The energy and momentum lost by a propa...
3,212,635,537,691
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} A time-honored possibility to study the low-energy regime of the theory of strong interactions, Quan\-tum Chromo\-dy\-na\-mics (QCD), is given by Effective Field Theories (EFTs). In this approach, one investigates QCD-inspired effective models that describe the interac...
3,212,635,537,692
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \subsection{Dark Patterns} Dark patterns are user interface designs on online services that make users behave in unintended ways. Dark patterns have been called into question in recent years. In 2010, Harry \cite{darkpattern.org} defined dark patterns as “tricks used in w...
3,212,635,537,693
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the recent work~\cite{kh-vwtriang}, we have shown how, after a separation of variables, the radial mode equations of the vector wave equation $\square v_\mu = 0$ on the Schwarzschild black hole spacetime may be significantly simplified by systematically decoupling them into ...
3,212,635,537,694
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Personalized decision-making is an emerging artificial intelligence paradigm tailored to an individual's characteristics, with wide real-world applications such as precision medicine \citep{chakraborty2013statistical}, customized economics \citep{turvey2017optimal}, and personaliz...
3,212,635,537,695
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} We are interested in a model of alignment of unit vectors. Our interest comes from the mechanism of alignment of self-propelled particles presented by Degond and Motsch in~\cite{degond2008continuum}, which is a time-continuous model inspired from the Vicsek model~\cite{vicsek199...
3,212,635,537,696
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The GW170817 event~\cite{abbott17a,abbott17b} was arguably one of the most important astrophysical findings of the last decade for several reasons. First, it demonstrated that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers can produce strong gravitational wave (GW) signals and power bright electromagnetic emi...
3,212,635,537,697
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary} Symmetry has always been a guiding principle in characterizing physical systems. While weakly coupled field theories are known to be tractable in terms of perturbation theory in coupling, often the strongly coupled ones can only be constrained by symmetry arguments. For example, the ...
3,212,635,537,698
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Fano manifolds, i.e., smooth complex projective varieties with ample anticanonical class, play an important role in the classification of complex projective varieties. In \cite{mori79}, Mori showed that Fano manifolds are uniruled, i.e., they contain rational curves through...
3,212,635,537,699
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \object{PSR B0656+14} is one of three nearby pulsars in the middle-age range in which pulsed high-energy emission has been detected. These are commonly known as ``The Three Musketeers'' \citep{bt97}, the other two being Geminga and PSR B1055--52. PSR B0656+14 was included in a recent extensive s...
3,212,635,537,700
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Direct simulations of star clusters have a long history. As algorithms and hardware have improved, larger numbers of stars could be simulated, allowing a more realistic representation of the dynamical evolution of globular star clusters. \nbody \citep{Aarseth2003} is a state-of-the-art dir...
3,212,635,537,701
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Fr\'echet distance and its variants provide a versatile class of distance measures for parametrized curves as they occur in application areas such as trajectories of moving objects (e.g., vehicles, animals, or robots), outlines of shapes, signatures, gestures, and other types of time series ...
3,212,635,537,702
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we aim attention at a family of linear singularly perturbed equations that involve linear fractional transforms and partial derivatives of the form \begin{equation} \mathcal{P}(t,z,\epsilon,\{m_{k,t,\epsilon}\}_{k \in I},\partial_{t},\partial_{z})y(t,z,\epsilon)=0 \label{SPEm_int...
3,212,635,537,703
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary} The relevant degrees of freedom in QCD at large distances are still poorly understood. A perturbative approach in this domain is rendered impossible by the lack of convergence and by the existence of multiple solutions to the gauge fixing condition (Gribov copies) \cite{Gribov:1977w...
3,212,635,537,704
arxiv
\section*{S1. Landauer+DFT calculations} We model the QPC as a set of three electrostatically coupled strictly two-dimensional systems: the electrodes, the donor layer and the 2DEG. The structure of the simulation closely models the one used in the experiment, with small modifications in simulated charge density to m...
3,212,635,537,705
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The traditional concept of globular clusters (GCs) as simple stellar populations, where all stars share the same age and abundances within some small tolerance, is now a view of the past, as it has become clear that (nearly) all GCs host significant abundance spreads within them. While all GCs ...