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1,314,259,996,963
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} Authors partially supported by the grant PID2020-113192GB-I00 (Mathematical Visualization: Foundations, Algorithms and Applications) from the Spanish MICINN. Part of this work was developed during a research visit of the first author to CUNEF University in Madrid. \section{Introduction} ...
1,314,259,996,964
arxiv
\section{CR Geometry} \label{sec:bg} Throughout this article, we will follow the conventions used by Gover and Graham~\cite{GoverGraham2005} for describing CR and pseudohermitian invariants and performing local computations using a choice of contact form. These conventions are identical to the the conventions used by...
3,212,635,537,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cen X--3 is an X-ray pulsar with an O-type supergiant companion. The orbital period is $\sim 2.1$ days and eclipses are observed. Out of eclipse, an iron emission line was detected at $6.5 \pm 0.1$ keV (Nagase et al., 1992; Burderi et al., 2000). Nagase et al. (1992) suggested tha...
3,212,635,537,409
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Our daily lives surround us with practical applications of assembled supramolecular structures. % Their applications vary in complexity and size ranging from micelle formation using soap\cite{klevens1946critical} over neurotransmitter transport via vesicles\cite{del1956biophysic...
3,212,635,537,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} QCD simplifies greatly in the chiral \cite{chiral}, heavy-quark \cite{heavy}, and large-$N_c$ \cite{bign} limits (where $N_c$ is the number of colors). The Skyrme \cite{sky1} model of heavy baryons \cite{wit,skyrme,jmw} incorporates all of these, and makes powerful predictions \cite{chow} about ...
3,212,635,537,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Learning semantic representations for words is a fundamental task in NLP that is required in numerous higher-level NLP applications~\cite{Collobert:2011}. Distributed word representations have gained much popularity lately because of their accuracy as semantic representations f...
3,212,635,537,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Random geometric complexes}The subject of random geometric complexes has recently attracted a lot of attention, with a special focus on the study of expectation of topological properties of these complexes \cite{Kahle2011, Penrose, NSW, YSA, BobrowskiMukherjee, BobrowskiKahle}\footno...
3,212,635,537,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although the contraction principle appears partly in the method of successive approximation in the works of Cauchy \cite{Cau1835}, Liouville \cite{Lio1837}, and Picard \cite{Pic1890}, its abstract and powerful version is due to Banach \cite{Ban22}. This form of the contraction principle, commonl...
3,212,635,537,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spin-transfer torque induced by an applied electric current in ferromagnetic metals is a crucially important effect in spintronics. The idea was first proposed theoretically by Berger \cite{Berger86} in the case of a domain wall motion and by Slonczewski \cite{Slonczewski96} and Berger \cite{Ber...
3,212,635,537,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction and overview} \label{sec:intro} Our main goal in this paper is to study global rates of convergence of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) in one simple model for multivariate interval-censored data. In section 3 we will show that under some reasonable conditions the MLE converges in a Hell...
3,212,635,537,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The degenerate affine Hecke algebra (dAHA) of any Coxeter group was defined by Drinfeld and Lusztig(\cite{Dri},\cite{Lus}). It is generated by the group algebra of the Coxeter group and by the commuting generators $y_{i}$ with some relations. The degenerate double affine Hecke algebra (dDAHA) ...
3,212,635,537,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological concepts in condensed matter physics have led to the realization of new states of matter.\cite{bansilrev16, *kane10, *qi11, *Moore11} Ongoing generalizations of topological concepts continue to generate profound discoveries. Many of the new predicted emergent properties have been expe...
3,212,635,537,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[!t] \centering \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{augur-overview-01} \caption{Augur mines human activities from a large dataset of modern fiction. Its statistical associations give applications an understanding of when each activity might be appropriate.} \label{fig:splash} \...
3,212,635,537,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of nucleon resonances in the first pion-nucleon scattering experiments provided first indications for a complicated intrinsic structure of the nucleon. With establishing the quark picture of hadrons and developments of the constituent quark models the interest in the stu...
3,212,635,537,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An {\it $n$-dimensional crystallographic group} ({\it $n$-space group}) is a discrete group $\Gamma$ of isometries of Euclidean $n$-space $E^n$ whose orbit space $E^n/\Gamma$ is compact. The 3-space groups are the symmetry groups of crystalline structures, and so are of fundamental importanc...
3,212,635,537,421
arxiv
\section*{References} \begin{document} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Consider the cotangent bundle of a closed Riemannian manifold and an almost complex structure close to the one induced by the Riemannian metric. For Hamiltonians which grow for instance quadratically in the fibers outside of a compact set, one c...
3,212,635,537,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neutrinos play a decisive role in core-collapse supernova explosions since they carry most of the gravitational binding energy released. The transport of neutrinos through the hot and dense stellar environment is believed to ultimately be responsible for a successful explosion, although ...
3,212,635,537,423
arxiv
\section{A$_\infty$-algebras}\label{2} We first review the definition of A$_\infty$-algebras that are used in the discussion of this paper. \begin{defn}\label{2.1} A \textbf{coalgebra} $(C,\Delta)$ over a ring $R$ consists of an $R$-module $C$ and a comultiplication $\Delta:C\to C\otimes C$ of degree $0$ satisfying ...
3,212,635,537,424
arxiv
\section{Approach} \vspace{-0.1in} \subsection{Problem statement} Assume that we have a distribution $p(x)$ of data (e.g., images), with $x \in \mathcal{X}$ as the input. We are interested in the problem of robust representation learning, where we want to learn a representation $z$ of $x$ with the mapping $p_\theta(z...
3,212,635,537,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Graphs considered in the paper are finite, without loops or multiple edges. In a graph $G = (V , E)$, $V$ and $E$ ($V(G)$ and $E(G)$) denote the vertex set and the edge set of $G$, respectively. For undefined concepts and notation we refer the reader to \cite{BJD}. For two ver...
3,212,635,537,426
arxiv
\section{introduction Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) deals with the interaction between a single atom and a discretized photon mode confined in a resonator, which is the simplest embodiment of quantum light-matter interaction. The cavity QED systems have been realized in various physical platforms: just ...
3,212,635,537,427
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Starting from the work by Giles, see \cite{Giles,Giles2,Giles3}, we developed a novel multilevel method called p-refined Multilevel Quasi Monte Carlo (p-MLQMC), see \cite{Blondeel2020}. Similar to classic Multilevel Monte Carlo, see \cite{Giles}, p-MLQMC ...
3,212,635,537,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} Affine Lie algebras distinguish themselves among Kac-Moody Lie algebras, largely due to 2 distinct constructions: a Serre presentation (as definition) and a loop algebra realization. Such a dual nature of affine Lie algebras has led to numerous applications to string the...
3,212,635,537,429
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The probability of magnetic field emergence is not uniform at all solar longitudes. Numerous works have been devoted to identify and follow the most active longitudinal belts but the different datasets, time intervals, approaches and preassumptions resulted in a broad variety of spatial patterns...
3,212,635,537,430
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} \textbf{SIMULATOR} stands for \textbf{S}peckle \textbf{I}mager via \textbf{MU}lti \textbf{L}ayer \textbf{A}tmospheric \textbf{T}urbulence \textbf{O}bject \textbf{R}econstructor. It is a speckle imager that can mimic the exact characteristics of various observation sites as req...
3,212,635,537,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The use of group theory to study bound and scattering states has found wide application in physics\cite{intro}. A common starting point is to identify a spectrum generating algebra or SGA for the problem of interest. This is possible when the Hamiltonian can be expressed in terms of generators ...
3,212,635,537,432
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} We gratefully acknowledge, for support and valuable conversations, Johannes Gehrke, Li Deng, Qi Lu, Yi-Min Wang, Harry Shum, Eric Horvitz, Susan Dumais, Xiaodong He, Asl{\i} \c{C}eliky{\i}l\-maz, Chris Meek, Hamid Palangi, Qiuyuan Huang, Nebojsa Jojic, Imanol Schlag, Kezhen Chen, Shuai Tang, ...
3,212,635,537,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nested error regression (NER) model with the normality assumption for both the random effects or model error terms and the unit-level error terms has played a key role in analyzing unit-level data in small area estimation. Many popular small area estimation methods have been developed under ...
3,212,635,537,434
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Vehicular networks is a typical application of 5G ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC). It is also an important mean to realize automatic driving in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) \cite{1}. Automatic driving technology is helpful to avoid traffic accidents and reduce tra...
3,212,635,537,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a connected 1-graph $G$ whose arcs are denoted by 1, 2, ..., $m$ and let some quantities $b_{i}, c_{i}$ be such that \[ -\infty \le b_{i} \le c_{i} \le +\infty \] with the conditions: 1) $b_{i} = 0 \qquad (i = 1, 2, ..., m)$; 2) $c_{i} \ge 0 \qquad$ for all $i$, and $c_{i} = +\infty$...
3,212,635,537,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum states with small (zero) transition dipole moment with respect to the ground state, referred to as dark states, are notoriously difficult to investigate by linear spectroscopic techniques. The most widespread approach is detection via their low emission yields \cite{Cook1985,Yip1998}. Al...
3,212,635,537,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Planetary atmospheric compositions offer valuable clues to the planet formation and evolution process, \rev{especially for giant planets with primordial atmospheres}. Over the past decade a number of studies have suggested that atmospheric elemental ratios, such as the carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O...
3,212,635,537,438
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A thorough understanding of crack formation in brittle materials is of great interest in both experimental sciences and theoretical studies. Starting with the seminal contribution by Francfort and Marigo \cite{Francfort-Marigo:1998}, where the displacements and crack paths are determined from a...
3,212,635,537,439
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (DNLS) \begin{equation}\label{DNLS} {i\mkern1mu} \partial_t q + \partial^2_x q + {i\mkern1mu} \partial_x(|q|^2q) =0, \end{equation} where \(q\colon \ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}\times \ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}\rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathbb{C...
3,212,635,537,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The neutrino oscillations between different flavour states were measured in a series of experiments with atmospheric neutrinos~\cite{Fukuda:1998mi}, solar neutrinos~\cite{Cleveland:1998nv}, and neutrinos produced in nuclear reactors~\cite{Eguchi:2002dm} and accelerators~\cite{Ahn:2002up}. As a...
3,212,635,537,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of quickly detecting a change in sequentially acquired data dates back to the pioneering works \cite{shewhart1931economic} and \cite{page1954continuous} and is motivated by a wide range of engineering and scientific applications. Examples of such applications can be found in in...
3,212,635,537,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fine-grained opinion mining is an important field in natural language processing (NLP). It comprises various tasks, such as aspect term extraction (ATE) \cite{DBLP:conf/emnlp/LiuXZ12,DECNN,Li2018,MaLWXW19}, opinion term extraction (OTE) \cite{DBLP:conf/naacl/FanWDHC19,Wu2020}, and aspect-level se...
3,212,635,537,443
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-4.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% {2.3ex \@plus.8ex}% {\centering\scshape}} \setlength{\parindent}{0.15cm} \sloppy \setcounter{tocdepth}{1} \usepackage{cite} \newcommand{\mathbb{N}}{\mathbb{N}} \newcommand{\mathbb{Z}}{\mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\mathbb{Q}}...
3,212,635,537,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Most of the stellar mass in galaxies was assembled between a redshift of $z=3$ to 1 (e.g., \citealt{CarilliWalter2013,MadauDickinson2014}); at $z=2$, the star-formation rate density (SFRD) of the Universe peaked, fueled by enhanced gas accretion from the intergalactic medium \ci...
3,212,635,537,445
arxiv
\section*{Keywords} Convolution Neural Network; Document Images; Parametric-ReLU; PSNR; Optical Character Recognizer. \section{Introduction} Research in AI tackles the problems which humans can solve easily, but are difficult for machines to solve. Rather than hard-coding these tasks as computer instructions, a learni...
3,212,635,537,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we improve the main statements in \cite{Can-R-S} concerning a local version of Brunella's alternative for germs of codimension one holomorphic foliations. We know that any {\em non dicritical} germ of codimension one foliation $\mathcal F$ in $({\mathbb C}^3,0)$ always has an inv...
3,212,635,537,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The overwhelming majority of stars in the Universe display absorption lines in their visible range spectrum. Emission lines in stellar spectra are therefore notable exceptions which betray fascinating properties such as the presence of unusually strong chromospheric activity, rapid rotation or in...
3,212,635,537,448
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stochastic models describing evolution of certain arrays of particles or biological species (genes, bacteria, infected individuals) are of theoretical interest and also important for various applications, \cite{New_14}, \cite{Bansaye_15}, \cite{Mel_16}, \cite{Pardoux_16}, \cite{KV_17}. Invest...
3,212,635,537,449
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} An $[n,\ell,d]$ linear code over the finite field ${\mathbb{F}}_p$ is an $\ell$-dimensional subspace of ${\mathbb{F}}_p^n$ with minimum (Hamming) distance $d$, where $p$ is a prime. Let $A_i$ denote the number of codewords with Hamming weight $i$ in a code $\mathcal{C}$ of length...
3,212,635,537,450
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0}{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}} \textwidth 170mm \textheight 250mm \newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}} \...
3,212,635,537,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After the discovery that perfect hydrodynamics can be valid for describing the phenomenology of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory \cite{qcd001, qcd002, qcd003}, people are now interested in relativistic hydrodynamics for \textit{dissipative} s...
3,212,635,537,452
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Knowledge about thermalization in strongly coupled systems is important for us to understand the results from relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC and some non-equilibrium processes in the early universe. The AdS/CFT correspondence\cite{Maldacena,Witten} provides us with an elegant t...
3,212,635,537,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The solution of large sparse linear systems of equations \begin{equation}\label{eq:linsys} Ax = b,\ b\in \mathbb{R}^{n},\ A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n} \text{\ symmetric positive definite,} \end{equation} that arise in the discretization of partial differential e...
3,212,635,537,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Overview}\label{intro} Recall that, given a function $\varphi\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$, which is twice continuously differentiable (${\cal C}^2$-smooth) around some point $\bar{x}\in\mathbb{R}^n$, the {\em classical Newton method} to solve the nonlinear {\em gradient system} \begin{equ...
3,212,635,537,455
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding the center of the enveloping algebra of a finite dimensional Lie algebra in characteristic $p>0$ is of fundamental importance in the modular representation theory of Lie algebras. Many such Lie algebras arise from a base change from a Lie algebra in characteristic 0. Let $\mathfr...
3,212,635,537,456
arxiv
\section{#1}\vspace{-2pt}} \newcommand{\Paragraph}[1]{\paragraph{#1}} \newcommand*{\vv}[1]{\vec{\mkern0mu#1}} \hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor} \usepackage{geometry} \geometry{left=1.6cm,right=1.6cm,top=1.5cm,bottom=1.5cm} \begin{document} \title{HEMlets PoSh: Learning Part-Centric Heatmap T...
3,212,635,537,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{I} At the beginning of the 19th century, the General Theory of Relativity brought the revolution to the modern cosmology proposed by Albert Einstein. The Riemannian space-time formulates this theory based on the Levi-Civita connection, a torsion-free, and metric compatibility connection. It...
3,212,635,537,458
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many high mass accretion rate AGN show X--ray spectra which rise smoothly below 1~keV above the extrapolated 2--10~keV emission \cite{rf:1}, equivalent to a fixed temperature of $\sim 0.1-0.2$~keV. This is far too high a temperature to be simply the high energy tail of the accretion disc emissio...
3,212,635,537,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} Cloud computing is widely adopted in scenarios that involve Internet of Things (IoT) devices and mobile devices. It plays an essential role in improving performance and in reducing the energy consumption of local devices by offloading computing tasks from local d...
3,212,635,537,460
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a finite set $V$ and a positive integer $r$ we denote by ${{V \choose r}}$ the family of all $r$-subsets of $V$. An {\em $r$-uniform graph} ({\em $r$-graph}) $G$ is a set $V(G)$ of vertices together with a set $E(G) \subseteq {V(G) \choose r}$ of edges. The {\em density} of $G$ is defined by ...
3,212,635,537,461
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A large amount of experimental and theoretical studies have been devoted to studying the unusual properties of high temperature cuprate superconductors in the past thirty years \cite{Orenstein00, Lee06, Keimer15, Tsuei00, Damascelli03, Norman05, Uemura04, Norman11, Scalapino12}. Although...
3,212,635,537,462
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The theoretical understanding of a first principles theory for the glass transition is still missing. Despite of great advances in the understanding of some generic features associated to the glass transition (such as those predicted by the mode-coupling theory) still some questions remain large...
3,212,635,537,463
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Meeting Tthe tremendous growth in demand for cellular data~\cite{CiscoVNI:latest} will require new technologies that can provide orders of magnitude increases in wide-area wireless capacity. With the severe shortage of spectrum in traditional UHF and microwave bands below 3~GHz, there has been...
3,212,635,537,464
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Macros have long been studied in AI planning~\cite{fn71,korf85}. Many domain-dependent applications of macros have been exhibited and studied~\cite{iba89,js01,h01}; also, a number of domain-independent methods for learning, inferring, filtering, and applying macros have been the topic of resea...
3,212,635,537,465
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{section: Introduction} We present an extension of Stone duality for Boolean algebras from classical propositional logic to classical first-order logic. In broad strokes, the leading idea is to take the traditional logical distinction between syntax and semantics and analyze it in term...
3,212,635,537,466
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:level1} Microwave investigations of classical superconductors half a century ago have proven to be a very useful tool in the determination of intrinsic parameters in the Meissner state\cite{Glover:57,Biondi:59,Klein:94} as well as the flow resistivity in the mixed state.\cite{Cardona...
3,212,635,537,467
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Color confinement, the absence of colored degrees of freedom from the physical spectrum, is an essential element of strong interactions. Understanding this fact in the framework of relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) is a fundamental issue of particle and nuclear physics. To investigate suc...
3,212,635,537,468
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a Hilbert space, $\mathcal{C}$ a class of closed subspaces of $\mathcal{H}$ and $\mathcal{F}= \{f_1, \dots, f_m\}$ a finite set of elements in $\mathcal{H}$. In this article we study the existence and show how to construct an optimal subspace $\mathcal{S}$ in the class ...
3,212,635,537,469
arxiv
\section{The LOFT mission and the on-board instruments} \label{sec:intro} The LOFT mission\cite{feroci11}, selected by ESA in the context of the cosmic vision program in February 2011, is designed to exploit the diagnostics of rapid X-ray flux and spectral variability in order to probe directly the motion of accreti...
3,212,635,537,470
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Giant resonances, excited by various probes, show, at an initial stage of the excitation process, a regular motion with a definite vibrational frequency \cite{speth,harakeh}. These regular motions are then damped due to the coupling with a huge number of background states, and...
3,212,635,537,471
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main idea of this paper comes from the observation that the double ramification (DR) cycle, i.e. the class in the cohomology of the moduli space of stable curves representing the most natural compactification of the locus of smooth curves whose marked points support a principal divisor \cite...
3,212,635,537,472
arxiv
\section{Analytic method for Fig~\ref{2-loop-UV-diagrams}(c)} \noindent This Appendix derives the analytic result for the 2-loop \emph{half-boiled egg} diagram of Fig~\ref{2-loop-UV-diagrams}(c). By the variable transformation \begin{center} $x_1= \tau\,(1-\xi)$,~ $x_2= \tau\,\xi$,~ $x_3= (1-\tau)\,\tau'\,(1-\xi')$,~ ...
3,212,635,537,473
arxiv
\section{The Distance Oracle} In this section we give a detailed presentation of both our algorithm for answering distance queries and our distance oracle data structure. Combining Lemmas~\ref{lem:spaceboundDS},~\ref{lem:querytime} and~\ref{lem:correctness} with $r = n^{2/3}$ directly implies Theorem~\ref{Thm:main}...
3,212,635,537,474
arxiv
\section*{Results} \subsection*{Degenerate vs Non-Degenerate cores} A dislocation is characterised by its Burgers vector \(\mathbf{b}\) and line direction \(\boldsymbol{\xi}\)~\cite{anderson_2017_disl}. On a continuum level, \(\mathbf{b}\) is defined as \(\oint_C \left(\partial \mathbf{u}/\partial l \right) \text{d} l\...
3,212,635,537,475
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a reductive algebraic group over $\mathbb{C}$ split over $\mathbb R$ with a fixed choice of Chevalley generators in the Lie algebra, there is a well-defined notion of positive, or $\mathbb R_{>0}$-valued points due to Lusztig \cite{Lus:TotPos94}. In the case of $GL_n$ with the standard choi...
3,212,635,537,476
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} This research was supported by the NSF (CRII-1656998), Schmidt Sciences, and cloud computing credits from Amazon. We thank John Langford and Dipendra Misra for helpful and insightful discussions with regards to our learning algorithm. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful ...
3,212,635,537,477
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Detection of a pure spin current, i.e., the flow of spin angular momentum without a charge current, with spin-precession signals in semiconductors (SCs) has been reported by measuring four-terminal nonlocal voltages \cite{Johnson,Jedema_Nature} in lateral spin-valve (LSV) devices with SC layers s...
3,212,635,537,478
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Modern NLP is dominated by large pre-trained models, systems which are large, complex, and costly to train. As a result, much research effort is put into questions of tuning and configuring the various layers and training regimes for improving prediction quality on a growing nu...
3,212,635,537,479
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \emph{Ramsey number} $r(m,n)$ is the minimum integer $N$ such that every red/blue-coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ on $N$ vertices contains either a red $K_m$ or a blue $K_n$. Ramsey's theorem guarantees the existence of $r(m,n)$ and determining or estimating Ramsey numbers ...
3,212,635,537,480
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Models with a joint understanding of language and vision such as CLIP~\cite{radford2021learning}, ALIGN~\cite{jia2021scaling}, and UNITER~\cite{chen2019uniter} have found their use in a number of applications ranging from guiding image generation and editing using language~\cite{ramesh2022hierarc...
3,212,635,537,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ever since the inception of the Einstein's relativistic field equations, mathematical models for Lagrangian and Hamiltonian field theories have been at the forefront of research in mathematical physics. In this paper $k$ stands for the number of parameters on which the fields depend (e.g. $k=4...
3,212,635,537,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most important problems of combinatorial abelian group theory is to determine the number of subgroups of a finite abelian group. This topic has enjoyed a constant evolution starting with the first half of the $20^{\mathrm{th}}$ century. Since a finite abelian group is a direct pr...
3,212,635,537,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The realistic quantum systems\cite{Divin98,Nielsen00} are usually open to environments which result in the uncontrollable decoherence and dissipation\cite{Breuer,Zoller}. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the impacts of environments on the feasible quantum information processin...
3,212,635,537,484
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Introduction}} \label{Section: Introduction} The wide penetration and overwhelming acceptance of internet in Nigeria and across the globe has facilitated learning, business and other activities that are internet enabled. The introduction of internet technology has impacted positively on everyday activi...
3,212,635,537,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{SEC_INTRO} In recent years a great deal of attention has been paid to the study of the spin structure of the nucleon using deep inelastic, semi-inclusive hadron production (SIDIS) with two measured, unpolarized final state hadrons~\cite{Bacchetta:2011ip, Bacchetta:2012ty, Pisano:2015wnq}...
3,212,635,537,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Now generally accepted that about half of abundances of chemical elements heavier than iron are produced by slow neutron captures (s--process) in the deep layers of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Mixing brings freshly synthesized heavy elements to the stellar surface (the third dredge-...
3,212,635,537,487
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} Although class II methanol masers are now generally accepted to be exclusively associated with massive star forming regions \citep[see eg.][]{ellingsen2006, xu2008}, it is not yet clear how much can be learned about the star formation environment from the masers. Underlying t...
3,212,635,537,488
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Technology in smart wearables is advancing rapidly with an increasing integration of rich camera and sensor data \cite{niknejad2020comprehensive,sun2017smart}. At the same time, there has been remarkable progress in machine vision technology for processing this visual inf...
3,212,635,537,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The logistic equation describes the population growth. The model is initially published by Pierre Verhulst in 1838 \cite{Cu}. The continuous Logistic model is described by a first order ordinary differential equation. The model describes the population growth that may be limited by certain factor...
3,212,635,537,490
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Internet-of-things (IoT), which aims at realizing ubiquitous connectivity for massive devices in a wireless manner \cite{Atzori2010Internet,stankovic2014research}, is one of the major applications of the forthcoming fifth generation (5G) and future wireless networks. Due t...
3,212,635,537,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The world astronomy community is about to embark on wide-area galaxy surveys that aim to use large-scale structure probes to study the origin of cosmic acceleration. These range from ground-based imaging and spectroscopic surveys such as the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey \footnote{\ur...
3,212,635,537,492
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Air absorption is an important source of attenuation in room acoustics and its emulation is critical to achieving realistic room acoustic simulations~\cite{vorlander2020auralization}. In general, air attenuation is a frequency-dependent and distance-based effect caused by viscothermal effects an...
3,212,635,537,493
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The extreme helium stars (EHes) are supergiants with peculiar chemical composition. The atmospheres of these supergiants with effective temperature in the range 8000 -- 35000 K are devoid of hydrogen, and are enriched with helium, carbon, and nitrogen with respect to the atmospheres of normal ma...
3,212,635,537,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A {\em strong edge-coloring} of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring in which every color class is an induced matching; that is, no edge can be incident to two edges with the same color. The {\em strong chromatic index $\chi_s'(G)$} is the minimum number of colors in a strong edge-coloring of $G$. Th...
3,212,635,537,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Software quality assurance forms an important part of the software development cycle. Its importance is accepted throughout the software engineering community. Verification and validation of an application are essential steps in software testing. The increasing complexity of present-day sof...
3,212,635,537,496
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum state preparation is the first important step for any protocol that makes use of quantum resources. Examples of such protocols are quantum state teleportation and quantum key distribution which require entangled quantum states. In order to verify the integrity of the quantum state of the ...
3,212,635,537,497
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $V$ be the standard representation of $\ss$ (that is, $V$ is the hyperplane $\sum x_i=0$ in $\C^6$, with $\ss$ acting by permutation of the basis vectors). The quartic hypersurfaces in $\P(V)\ (\cong \P^4)$ invariant under $\ss$ form the pencil \[X_t:\ t\sum x_i^4-(\sum x_i^2)^2=0 \ ,\qua...
3,212,635,537,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Early computer vision approaches focused on producing decent performance on small datasets. This often posed overwhelming difficulties, so researchers seldom quantified the prediction confidence. An important mi\-le\-stone was reached when generalization was achieved on realistic datasets su...
3,212,635,537,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:1} The three-player-game (3PG) is an interesting mathematical quiz. A 3PG involves three players and consists of a series of rounds, each zero-win round involves two out of the three players, at the end of the round the loser quits and the third player enters the ring and another...
3,212,635,537,500
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} This research was supported in part by the Comisi\'on Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnolog\'{\i}a of Spain under contract MAT 94-0982-C02-01 and by the Commission of European Communities under contract Ultrafast CHRX-CT93-0133.
3,212,635,537,501
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A cornerstone of superstring theory is the formulation of perturbative closed string scattering amplitudes based on the path integral of two-dimensional supergravity coupling to matter fields on the worldsheet. The precise definition of the worldsheet path integral requires fixing the gauge redu...
3,212,635,537,502
arxiv
\section{The Portable Parallelization Strategies project} The High Energy Physics Center for Computational Excellence (HEP/CCE) is a pilot project whose mandate is to provide strategies for HEP experiments to adapt to using increasingly heterogeneous High Performance Computers. It is split into 4 parts, targeting porta...
3,212,635,537,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coherency is a property of matter in quantum world which is most demonstrated in a double-slit experiment. This is also important to understand the dual character of quantum matters. Richard Feynman emphasized that the double-slit interference is at the heart of quantum phenomena: ''In reality,...
3,212,635,537,504
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The use of data driven approaches for material property prediction and material design have become exceedingly common. Because of the dependency between the quality and availability of input data, and the model predictions, different domains of the feature space are predicted wi...
3,212,635,537,505
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider the problem of tracking quantiles when data arrive sequentially (data stream). The problem has been considered for many applications like portfolio risk measurement in the stock market \cite{gilli2006application, abbasi2013bootstrap}, fraud detection \cite{zhang2008de...