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3,212,635,537,906
arxiv
\section{Observables in Probabilistic Theories} This paper is based on the stimulating article \cite{bhs12} by Busch, Heinosaari and Schultz. The authors should be congratulated for introducing a useful new tool for measuring the compatibility of a probabilistic theory (PT). In this paper, we present a simpler, but co...
3,212,635,537,907
arxiv
\section{#2 \newcommand{\Sec}[1]{{Sec.~\ref{sec:#1}}} \renewcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{0pt}% {-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}% {1.5ex plus .2ex}% {\centering\normalsize\itshape}} \newcommand{\startappendices}{% \setcounter{equation}{0}% \setcounter{section}{1}% ...
3,212,635,537,908
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{The results} \label{ov} The goal of this paper is to discuss rationality of smooth Fano threefolds over algebraically non-closed fields of characteristic~$0$. In~\cite{KP19} we considered the case of geometrically rational Fano threefolds with geometric Picard number~$\uprho(X_{\bar...
3,212,635,537,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} According to Einstein's theory of gravitation, space-time is locally flat, and the Einstein form of the equivalence principle states that the outcome of any non-gravitational experiment should be independent of where and when in the Universe it is performed. Among the most accurately measured qu...
3,212,635,537,910
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Nonlinear dynamical systems with non-integrable differential constraints, the so-called nonholonomic systems, have been attracting many researchers and engineers for the last three decades. A theorem in \cite{brockett_dgct83} gave a challenging and negative fact that there doe...
3,212,635,537,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The non-Gaussian nature of cosmic large-scale structure (LSS) implies that statistics beyond the power spectrum carry significant information about the universe's origin, evolution, and constituents. The volume and precision of the data from upcoming galaxy surveys, such as, PFS\footnote{\url{ht...
3,212,635,537,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The chiral $SU(N_f)_L\times SU(N_f)_R$ symmetry of the QCD Lagrangian with $N_f$ (massless) quark flavors is known to be broken down spontaneously to $SU(N_f)_V$ in the nonperturbative QCD vacuum. With inclusion of explicit chiral symmetry breaking by the nonvanishing quark masses, this symmetry-...
3,212,635,537,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classical Grushin plane $\mathbb{G}$ is defined as the space $\mathbb{R}^2$ equipped with the sub-Riemannian (Carnot-Carath\'eodory) metric $d_\mathbb{G}$ generated by the vector fields \[X_1 = \partial_{x_1} \quad \text{ and } \quad X_2 = x_1\partial_{x_2}.\] This means more precisely that...
3,212,635,537,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction} AC optimal power flow (OPF) is a canonical power systems operation problem that is at the heart of optimizing large-scale power networks. Newton-based methods are at the core of many AC OPF solvers used in grids today. However, traditional Newton-Raphson can suffer from slow and numerically unst...
3,212,635,537,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Fragmentation processes offer a random model for particles which break apart as time passes. Informally, we imagine a single particle, characterised by its mass, which after some random time splits into two or more daughter particles, distributing its mass between t...
3,212,635,537,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the one-dimensional discrete Schr\"odinger operator: $$ (Hu)(n) = u(n+1)+u(n-1) + V(n)u(n)\quad\mbox{on $l^2(\mathbb{Z})$}, $$ where $V(n)$ is a complex-valued periodic potential with period $L$ containing only one nonzero value $v$ within a period. As the period $...
3,212,635,537,917
arxiv
\section{Method} \label{sec:method} Our approach for generating automated IoT device traffic has two main components: 1) Configuring a robotic arm to rigorously test user interface interactions with IoT devices, and 2) Automating network traffic collection during robotic arm interactions via existing IoT traffic ana...
3,212,635,537,918
arxiv
\section{1. Symmetry classification of pairing channels} Electrons in 3D Dirac semi-metal are described by a four component bi-spinor creation operator, $\psi _{\alpha }^{\dagger }= \psi _{L\uparrow }^{\dagger },\psi _{L\downarrow }^{\dagger },\psi _{R\uparrow }^{\dagger }$,\\ $\psi_{R\downarrow }^{\dagger }$, whose i...
3,212,635,537,919
arxiv
\section{A cordial sync} \label{sec:method} To address the aforementioned two challenges we develop: (a) a novel action sampling procedure named \textbf{S}ynchronize \textbf{Y}our actio\textbf{N}s \textbf{C}oherently (\mbox{\sc{SYNC}}\xspace) and (b) an intuitive \& effective multi-agent training loss named the \textbf...
3,212,635,537,920
arxiv
\section{introduction} Composite fermions \cite{Jain89}, the topological bound states of electrons and an even number ($2s$) of quantized vortices, lead to an explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect \cite{Tsui82,Prange87} at fractions $\nu=n/(2sn\pm 1)$ as the integer quantum Hall effect of composite fermions...
3,212,635,537,921
arxiv
\section{Introduction} William James \cite{Jam90} developed a theory of two selves. The first one is the "Me" self, and the second one is the "I" self. The "me" self refers to the aspects of someone that come from that person's experiences. The "me" self can break down into three sections, The Material Self, The Soc...
3,212,635,537,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} The presence of an electric quadrupole moment in the ground state of the deuteron \cite{kel39,nor40} can be explained by including static tensor terms in the microscopic nucleon--nucleon force as first suggested by Rarita {\it et al.}~\cite{rar37,rar41a,rar41b}. This procedure is...
3,212,635,537,923
arxiv
\section{GENERAL ASPECTS OF RESOURCE DESTROYING MAPS} Here we provide detailed discussions of general properties of the theory of resource destruction. Specifically, we show that the convexity of the set of free states is a necessary condition for an associated resource destroying map to be linear, and analyse the...
3,212,635,537,924
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} It is generally believed that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) reside in many galaxies, but only a fraction of them exhibit active galactic nuclei (AGN), while others are dormant \citep{kori1995}. Tidal disruption events can provide a unique way to find and study the dormant S...
3,212,635,537,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Verification of probabilistic weather forecasts is an area of intensive research and growing interest as ensemble forecasting is becoming a standard approach in numerical weather prediction. Ensemble prediction systems (EPS) issue a sample of possible future states of the atmosphere \citep{lewis...
3,212,635,537,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When propagation in a coupled-waveguide system is described in terms of a system matrix, exceptional points of degeneracy are points in the parameter space of such a system at which simultaneous eigenvalue and eigenvector degeneracies occur \cite{Heiss}. Interest in EPDs has recently risen...
3,212,635,537,927
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} \label{sec:prelim} Let $H$ be a Hilbert space, $(G,\cdot)$ a topological group, and $\{T(g)\mid g\in G\}$ be an isometric representation of $G$ on $H$. In other words, $T(g): H \rightarrow H$ is an isometry satisfying \begin{enumerate}[label = (\roman*)] \item $T(e) = \text{Identity}$ \i...
3,212,635,537,928
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{url,booktabs,nicefrac,microtype} \usepackage{xcolor} \definecolor{linkblue}{rgb}{0.1,0.4,0.7} \usepackage[colorlinks=true,citecolor=linkblue]{hyperref} \usepackage{multicol} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{cancel} \usepackage{...
3,212,635,537,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of interpretability between theories of mathematics has been studied using the framework of modal logic. Visser~\cite{Vis88,Vis90} introduced the logic $\IL$ which is an extension of the logic $\GL$ of provability in the language of $\GL$ augmented by the binary modal operator $\rh...
3,212,635,537,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} For more than a decade, the system of the $B\to\pi K$ decays is an outstanding topic in heavy-flavour physics (for a review, see \cite{RF-rev}). Thanks to the $B$ factories, we could obtain valuable insights into these decays, raising the possibility of having a modified electr...
3,212,635,537,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \defcitealias{gillon14}{G14} \defcitealias{southworth15}{S15} \defcitealias{southworth16}{S16} \defcitealias{wollert2015}{W15} \defcitealias{ngo16}{N16} \defcitealias{cartier17}{C17} Transiting extrasolar planets are key objects for the understanding of worlds beyond our Solar System, as they...
3,212,635,537,932
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider only simple graphs. Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. Given $v\in V(G)$, let $N_G(v)$ denote the set of vertices adjacent to with $v$ in $G$ and $d_G(v)=|N_G(v)|$. The minimum vertex degree in graph $G$ is denoted by $\delta(G)$. We w...
3,212,635,537,933
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The immense amount of available bandwidth at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band is an outstanding resource for supporting Gigabit-per-second (Gbps) data rates for backhaul and fronthaul applications in wireless networks. More importantly, the mmWave spectrum can alleviate the spectrum shortage at...
3,212,635,537,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spacetime geometry in the exterior of the asymptotic end state of a generic gravitational collapse for a rotating matter cloud is expected to be given by the Kerr solution of the Einstein equations \cite{Mars00}. The Kerr metric \cite{Kerr63} has conventionally been used to describe a rotati...
3,212,635,537,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is known that exact {\it gravitational plane waves} are very simple time dependent plane symmetric solutions of Einstein's equations \cite{bel26}. Nevertheless, they show two main nontrivial global features, namely: i) the absence of a global Cauchy surface, which is a consequence of the foc...
3,212,635,537,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\it Kepler} mission (NASA) has detected thousands of planet candidates and has provided the opportunity to study planets statistically as a class of astrophysical objects. {\it Kepler} has indeed provided clues about the occurrence rate and physical properties of small planets with orbital...
3,212,635,537,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of metric dimension was first studied in the context of navigation system in various graphical networks \cite{HararyVertex}. There the robot moves from one vertex of the network to another, and some of the vertices are considered to be a landmark which helps a robot to establish its ...
3,212,635,537,938
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} I skip the basic definitions. \noindent \textbf{Allocation function, social welfare, VCG payments}. \begin{itemize} \item Vector of bids: $\boldsymbol{b} \in \mathbb{R}^N$ \item Allocation function: $f: \mathcal{N}\rightarrow \mathcal{N}$ from ads to slots \item Social welfare: $$\text{SW...
3,212,635,537,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a simple graph on the vertex set $V(G) = [n]$ with the edge set $E(G)$. $S \subset V(G)$ is said to be {\em stable} if $\{i, j\} \not\in E(G)$ for all $i$, $j \in S$. Note that $\emptyset$ is stable. For each stable set $S$ of $G$, we define $\rho(S) = \sum_{i \in S} {\bf e}_{i}...
3,212,635,537,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reasoning is an important and challenging task in artificial intelligence and natural language processing, which is ``\textit{the process of drawing conclusions from the principles and evidence}'' \cite{wason1972psychology}. The ``\textit{evidence}'' is the fuel and the ``\textit{principle}'' ...
3,212,635,537,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection*{Implementation} \label{ssec:parameters} For T5 training, we add the prefix ``reasoning:'' in front of every concatenation of question and answer, then ask the model to predict ``1'' for true, and ``2'' for false.\\ Regarding libraries, we used pyt...
3,212,635,537,942
arxiv
3,212,635,537,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As scientific and technological interest focuses on increasingly smaller length scales, tools for visualizing and characterizing nanoscale systems are needed. An important technological step towards this goal is the development of techniques that allow precise and quantitative analysis of materi...
3,212,635,537,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} BRST symmetry \cite{brst} is by now a familiar concept associated to to the quantization of any gauge theory. It reflects in an deep way the gauge symmetry at the quantum level. For QCD in a covariant gauge there is a standard form for the BRST transformations \begin{eqnarray} \...
3,212,635,537,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) offers a new platform of quantum information (QI) processing. Quantum algorithms are performed by sequential single-qubit measurements in multipartite entangled states initially (e.g., cluster states \cite{Cluster}) instead of massive controls of indi...
3,212,635,537,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the following problems: $$ (-\Delta)^{s} u = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \left( \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}} \frac{|u|^{2^{*}_{\alpha_{i}}}}{|x-y|^{\alpha_{i}}} \mathrm{d}y \right) |u|^{2^{*}_{\alpha_{i}}-2}u + |u|^{2^{*}_{s}-2}u , \mathrm{~in~} \mathbb{R}^{N}, \eqno(\mathcal{P}_{1}) $$ a...
3,212,635,537,947
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Invariance under Lorentz transformations constitutes one of the fundamental principles of modern physics. A more fundamental theory including a kind of quantum theory for gravity, however, implies the possibility or even necessity for Lorentz symmetry violation (LV) \cite{dm05,sl13,jdt14}. ...
3,212,635,537,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{General setting} This article is devoted to a general analysis of free boundary and free transmission hyperbolic problems in the one dimensional case. It is mainly motivated by a new kind of free boundary problem arising in the study of wave-structure interactions and for which th...
3,212,635,537,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the application of speech signal processing becoming more and more popular, the technologies, such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), speaker diarization are facing many challenges in real-world scenarios. In particular, meeting scenario is one of the most challenging and valuable because ...
3,212,635,537,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years much attention has been given to the study of gravitational models appearing in superstring theory low energy limit \cite {gsw}--\cite {mah}. Einstein--Maxwell theory with dilaton and axion fields (EMDA) is one of such models. It appears in the frames of heterotic string theory as...
3,212,635,537,951
arxiv
\section{Definitions and Preliminaries} \label{sec:pre} \subsection{PAC learning} Let $\mathcal{X}$ be an \textit{instance space}, $\mathcal{Y}=\{-1,1\}$ be a \textit{label set}, and let $\mathcal{D}$ be an (unknown) distribution over $\mathcal{X}\times\mathcal{Y}$. An ``$\mathcal{X}\to\mathcal{Y}$'' function is called...
3,212,635,537,952
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Coronavirus Disease 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic with an exponential growth and mortality rate. The virus is harbored most commonly with little or no symptoms, but can also lead to a rapidly progressive and often fatal pneumonia \cite{sohrabi2020world,lai2020a...
3,212,635,537,953
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Low-mass dwarfs are the most numerous stars in the Universe, and understanding them is thus clearly an important endeavour. Beyond their own interest, investigations by \citet{bonfils:2013:mdwarfsample}, \citet{dressing:2013:occurencerate} and \citet{kopparapu:2013:occurencerat...
3,212,635,537,954
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} For any integer $\mu \geqslant 1$ let $F_\mu$ be the free group on $\mu$ generators $z_1,z_2,\ldots,z_\mu$. The classification theory of high-dimensional $\mu$--component boundary links involves `Seifert $\Z$--modules' and `Blanchfield $\Z[F_\mu]$--modules', corresponding to the algebraic inva...
3,212,635,537,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation} The use of microarray technologies have become popular to monitor genome-wide expression changes in health and disease. Typically, a microarray data set is high dimensional in the sense, it usually has tens of thousands of gene expression profile(variables) but only tens or hundre...
3,212,635,537,956
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Based on the large and still growing number of astronomical observations, one can agree that there is an exotic component called dark energy which represents more than the $70\%$ of the total energy of the Universe. Its existence has radically changed our standard paradigm of cosmology m...
3,212,635,537,957
arxiv
\section*{References}\list {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{#1}\leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \usecounter{enumi}} \def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em} \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax} \let\Large=...
3,212,635,537,958
arxiv
\section*{Biographies} \noindent \textbf{Sriramya Bhamidipati} is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she also received her master’s degree in 2017. She obtained her B.Tech. in Aerospace from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 201...
3,212,635,537,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The extragalactic background light (EBL) at any epoch is a diffuse isotropic background radiation, defined here over the wavelength range 0.1 to 1000$\mu$m excluding the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR), believed to be contributed mainly by the sources such as galaxies and QSOs...
3,212,635,537,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} $\gamma$-ray astronomy has made major advances in the last decade. The construction and operation of the current generation of very high energy (VHE; E $>$ 100 GeV) instruments like VERITAS, HESS and MAGIC have resulted in the detection of more than 120 VHE sources (see Figure \ref{fig:skymap})...
3,212,635,537,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the Randall-Sundrum (RS) scenario \cite{RS1,RS2} the observable four-dimensional (4D) Universe is a 3-brane world embedded in a $Z_2$ symmetric 5D anti-de Sitter (AdS) space. In the RS1 model \cite{RS1} the fifth dimension is compact and there are two 3-brane boundaries. The gravitational fie...
3,212,635,537,962
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(X,d)$ be a complete metric space and let $T$ be a mapping from $X$ to $X$. Then $T$ is called \emph{nonexpansive} if for all $x,y \in X$, $$d(T(x), T(y) ) \leq d(x,y).$$ A point $x \in X$ is called a \emph{fixed point} of $T$ if $T(x) = x$. $Fix(T)$ denotes the set of fixed points of $T$....
3,212,635,537,963
arxiv
\section{The Set Cover Problem}\label{sec:scp} The set cover problem is one of the open problems in computer science and operations research. It has many real-life applications, such as crew-scheduling for trains and airlines, nurse scheduling, and location selection of facilities (e.g., fire stations and schools)...
3,212,635,537,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction} SELEX (Fermilab Experiment 781)~\cite{inst} employs beams of $\Sigma^-$, $\pi^-$, and protons at around $600\,\mbox{GeV}/c$ to study production and decay properties of charmed baryons. It took data in the 1996/7 fixed target run and is currently analyzing those data. Here we will focus on rece...
3,212,635,537,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sequence alignment is one of the most commonly used computational tools of molecular biology. Its applications range from the identification of the function of newly sequenced genes to the construction of phylogenic trees~\cite{wate94,dool96}. Beyond its practical importance, it is one of the si...
3,212,635,537,966
arxiv
\section{Motivation} \section{Introduction} Covariance estimation is a fundamental problem in the field of statistical signal processing. Many algorithms for detection and estimation rely on accurate covariance matrix estimation \cite{covest_imp1,covest_imp2}. Roughly speaking, the problem is tractable as long as the...
3,212,635,537,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\it Quantum coherent electronics} \cite{Splettstoesser:2009im,Haack:2013ch}, also known as electron quantum optics \cite{Bocquillon:2013fp}, and single electron electronics \cite{Bauerle:2018ct}, is an actively developing platform for quantum information processing \cite{Bennett:2000kl}, which ...
3,212,635,537,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{P}{ET} is a functional imaging technique with a variety of applications in both preclinical as well as clinical research and practice \cite{Phelps2004, Myers2001}. Two \SI{511}{\kilo\eV} gamma particles originating from a positron-electron annihilation are registered by radiation d...
3,212,635,537,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many applications, capacitances have a remarkable influence on the speed and power dissipation of the devices, and also set an upper frequency limit (cutoff frequency) for their correct operations.~\cite{Neamen2012,Theis2010} The effects of the capacitances on spintronic devices have also b...
3,212,635,537,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} \noindent Let~$M$ be an even-dimensional manifold endowed with a complex structure $J$ and a symplectic form~$F$. When~$J$ and~$F$ are compatible, i.e. the symplectic form $F$ is $J$-invariant, and the associated metric~$g$ is Riemannian, then the manifold $(M,J,F)$ is K\"ahler. In...
3,212,635,537,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Laser spectroscopy provides a detailed insight into atomic structure including all subtle effects that contribute to the exact energy and the splittings of individual energy levels. Many of these effects are of great relevance in fundamental physics problems, as for example quantum ...
3,212,635,537,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent The gravitational waves (\textbf{GW}) are spacetime curvature disturbances which propagate at speed of light. One of the familiar sources is rapidly accelerated massive objects which make ripples in their surrounding spacetime. These waves were first predicated by Einstein as approxim...
3,212,635,537,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Facial affective behavior recognition plays an important role in human-computer interaction \cite{kollias2021analysing}. It allows computer systems to understand human feelings and behaviors, which makes human computer interaction more applicable. Existing research used different approaches to r...
3,212,635,537,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Over the past decade, synthesis and exploration of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have almost revolutionised our common understandings of condensed matter systems and opened a new era in nanosciences \cite{novoselov-PNAS2005,xu_ms-ChemRev2013,choi-mattoday2...
3,212,635,537,975
arxiv
\subsection{Curve Discrepancy} Note from Fig.~\ref{fig:smoothed} that although channel reciprocity is clearly apparent for the naked eye, the frequency response curves are more or less shifted or zoomed versions at corresponding frequencies. Moreover, distinct local fluctuations exist. These discrepancies are unavoida...
3,212,635,537,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multiparticle correlation analyses have proven to be a powerful tool in exploring the underlying mechanism of particle productions in high energy hadronic collisions. Both short- and long-range correlations have been discovered in the past decades \cite{UA5_3energy,ISR_twolowenergy} which have...
3,212,635,537,977
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} A quantum mechanical system is completely described by the Hilbert space and by the Hamiltonian $H$. However, in practical calculations, the infinite dimensional Hilbert space is often truncated and the calculations are performed on a finite subset of the basis. This truncation is ...
3,212,635,537,978
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Behavior is characterized by sequences of goal oriented conducts, such as food uptake, socializing and resting. Classically, one would define for each task a corresponding satisfaction level, with the agent engaging, at a given time, in the activity having the lowest satisfaction level. Alternativ...
3,212,635,537,979
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Interesting, unconventional phenomena such as the stochastic resonance (SR) and the noise-induced phase transition are created by noise. Theoretical studies on noise in nonlinear dynamical systems have usually adopted Gaussian white (or colored) noise. In recent years, there is a growing inter...
3,212,635,537,980
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in theories of gravity in higher dimensions. The motivation arises from string theory. As a possibility, the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity theory is selected by the low energy limit of the string theory~\cite{cuerdas1,cuerdas2,cuerdas3}. I...
3,212,635,537,981
arxiv
\section{The Basic Quantum Mechanics of Neutrino Oscillations} \subsection {Coherence and the momentum uncertainty} Coherence and interference in neutrino oscillations have been extensively discussed and clarified \cite{Dost,QM,NeutHJL,Kayser,GoldS,Pnonexp,MMNIETO,GrossLip,Leo,okun1,pnow98} but there is still consi...
3,212,635,537,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Extended lobes of radio galaxies are interesting as a probe of the energetics of active galaxies. In the standard model of radio galaxies of Fanaroff-Riley type II \citep[FR-II;][]{fanaroff1974}, radio lobes are formed by shock interactions of the jets with the surrounding intergalactic medium a...
3,212,635,537,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic switching is the single most important operation for any modern magnetic storage device, where a magnetic field is employed to switch microscopic spins from one direction to another. However, as the areal density increases, the switching speed becomes a major bottleneck for future tec...
3,212,635,537,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum tori (also known as noncommutative tori and irrational rotation algebras) are landmark examples in noncommutative geometry. These algebras have featured in many directions in physics, such as the study of the quantum Hall effect \cite{Bellissard-original, Bellissard-van-Elst-Schulz-B...
3,212,635,537,985
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conslusion} In this paper we evaluated an alternative pipeline for decreasing the runtimes of object recognition when $k$NN queries are used for the generation of tentative correspondences instead of Bags of Visual Words. While the reduction of query features can have negative effects o...
3,212,635,537,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The material point method (MPM)~\cite{sulsky1994particle} is a hybrid Lagrangian--Eulerian numerical technique for continuum mechanics simulation, whereby physical quantities are traced via material points, or ``particles,'' and the governing equation (in its weak form) is solved in a background...
3,212,635,537,987
arxiv
\subsection{Network Architecture for Bidirectional Flow Estimation} \begin{figure}[t!] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth, trim={5mm 35mm 0mm 10mm}, clip]{figures/BiSED2.pdf} \caption{Symmetric epipolar distance. } \label{Fig:SED} \vspace{-3mm} \end{figure} \subsectio...
3,212,635,537,988
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{cagutt}, a moment map $\mu$ on the space of symplectic connections is introduced. The study of zeroes of $\mu$ and of the so-called critical symplectic connections was first proposed by D.J. Fox \cite{Fox} in analogy with the moment map picture for the Hermitian scalar curvature on alm...
3,212,635,537,989
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heavy ion experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have set out the goal to produce and study new forms of strongly interacting matter, such as the quark gluon plasma. Besides direct emissions, we can observe this matter at the point of break-...
3,212,635,537,990
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Network embedding (a.k.a. network representation learning) has gained a tremendous amount of interest among the researchers in the last few years \cite{perozzi2014deepwalk,grover2016node2vec}. Most of the real life networks have some extra information within each node. For example, users in socia...
3,212,635,537,991
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} There are in our galaxy numerous \ion{H}{ii} regions surrounding young stellar clusters that contain several massive O and B stars. Far- and extreme-UV radiation and stellar wind from O and B stars heat, ionise, and shape the surrounding gas, and these expanding bubbles drive c...
3,212,635,537,992
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a series of papers \cite{DDM1,DDM2,DDM3}, Damour, Deser and McCarthy (DDM) have claimed that the nonsymmetric gravitational theory (NGT) is theoretically inconsistent. They noted that a spurious ``gauge invariance'' in the linearised version of NGT did not generalise to curved spacetime, from ...
3,212,635,537,993
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{para:intro} Citywide crowd flow analytics is very critical to smart city efforts around the world. A typical task is citywide crowd flow prediction \cite{zhang2016dnn,zhang2017deep,lin2019deepstn}, which aims to predict the traffic (e.g., inflows and outflows of every region) for the next t...
3,212,635,537,994
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Videos use audio and visuals to convey information, making them inaccessible to people who cannot see or hear content in certain modalities. To make videos accessible, video authors add audio descriptions (AD) that describe important visual content, and closed captions (CC) that transcribe the s...
3,212,635,537,995
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} LS~I~+61$^{\circ}$303 is an accreting binary system well-known for exhibiting an exceptional broadband spectrum from radio to TeV energies \citep{albert08}. The system consists of a main sequence star of type B0 Ve \citep{hutchings81}, with an estimated mass 10...
3,212,635,537,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} The next generation of astronomical spectrometers designed for detecting Earth-mass exoplanets seek to measure the radial velocities (RVs) of stars with a precision of 10-50 cm s$^{-1}$. For a typical instrument design, this corresponds to measuring an ensemble Doppler shift i...
3,212,635,537,997
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva, is expected to provide direct evidence for any New Physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) at the TeV energy scale. The properties of these particles may shed light on the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking and the nature of dark matter, and g...
3,212,635,537,998
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Lagrange mesh method is a very accurate and simple procedure to compute eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a two-body Schr\"{o}dinger equation \cite{baye86,vinc93,baye95}. It is applicable for both local and nonlocal interactions \cite{nonloc}, and also for a semirelativistic kinetic operator...
3,212,635,537,999
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} The unprecedented angular resolution of {\it Chandra} satellite has enabled the study of X-ray point sources in nearby galaxies. Most of these point sources are expected to be X-ray binaries like the ones found in the Milky Way. An important result of the {\it Chandr...
3,212,635,538,000
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The demand for mobile robots has raised significantly due to their flexibility and the variety of use cases they can operate in. Tasks such as provision of components, transportation, commissioning or the work in hazardous environments are increasingly being executed by such robots \cite{smartfac...
3,212,635,538,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, many experiments have reported metallic properties of highly conducting doped polymers (HCDP), \mbox{\it e.g.} polyacetylene doped with iodine,\cite{Reghu} {\it p}-phenylenevinylene doped with sulfuric acid,\cite{Ahlskog} etc. It is expected that HCDP shows three-dimensional conductivi...
3,212,635,538,002
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S_intro} The solar corona can be observed in the white light, EUV, X, and radio wavelengths. Being the corona optically thin in these spectral ranges, its images are two-dimensional (2D) projections of the 3D emitting structure. Detailed knowledge of the 3D distribution of the fundamenta...
3,212,635,538,003
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec::introduction} As a common phenomenon in our daily life, shadows in natural images provide hints for extracting scene geometry~\cite{okabe2009attached,karsch2011rendering}, light direction~\cite{lalonde2009estimating}, and camera location and its parameters~\cite{junejo2008es...
3,212,635,538,004
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In this paper, we introduce the notion of controlled Floyd separation between geodesic rays starting at the identity of a finitely generated group $G$. Here, the term {\it `control'} refers in general to a choice of a $G-$invariant subcollection of paths in a Cayley graph $\Gam...
3,212,635,538,005
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S:intr} \setcounter{equation}{0} A graph is an ordered pair $(V,E)$ with $V$ being a set of vertices and $E$ being a set of edges. Let $\mu: V\to (0,\infty)$ be the vertex measure. Also, let $\omega: V\times V\to (0,\infty)$ be the edge weight function satisfying positivity and symmetry...