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3,212,635,538,006 | arxiv | \section*{\refname}}
\usepackage[symbol]{footmisc}
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\RequirePackage{amsmath}
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\RequirePackage{graphicx}
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\RequirePackage{b... |
3,212,635,538,007 | arxiv | \section{Interaction model for the grain contacts}
Our system is simulated through the LAMMPS package~\cite{plimpton1995fast}. The Hertz-Mindlin model is used
\cite{Zhang2005,Silbert2001,Brillantov1996} to solve the
dynamics during the particle-particle and particle-container contact. This visco-elastic
model takes in... |
3,212,635,538,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[!!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.99\columnwidth]{Figures/teaser.png}
\caption{A) Sample image from the synthetic GTA5 dataset. B) Input image from the real Cityscapes dataset. C) Segmentation result trained on GTA5 dataset without any domain adaptation. D) Ours. E) Ground t... |
3,212,635,538,009 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suppose $S$ is a compact connected surface of non-empty boundary
and has negative Euler characteristic. It is well known that there
are hyperbolic metrics with totally geodesic boundary on the
surface $S$. Two such hyperbolic metrics are called \it isotopic
\rm if there is an isometry isotopic t... |
3,212,635,538,010 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Let $X$ be a nonempty set.
Call the subset $Y$ of $X$,
{\it almost singleton} (in short: {\it asingleton})
provided $y_1,y_2\in Y$ implies $y_1=y_2$;
and {\it singleton},
if, in addition, $Y$ is nonempty;
note that, in this case,
$Y=\{y\}$, for some $y\in X$... |
3,212,635,538,011 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_Introduction}
Services have been becoming the mainstream in interactions and activities not only {\em between} traditional end users and providers but also {\em among} many more generic actors that collaborate, interact, and compete among each other to deliver a service or product to... |
3,212,635,538,012 | arxiv | \section{Approach}
Our entire pipeline of the work is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pipeline}. Given an image and a human generated speech for referring objects, the goal of our work is to localize the corresponding object in the image. We approach the problem broadly in two ways: 1) Pipelined Approach as in Fig.~\ref{fig:pip... |
3,212,635,538,013 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Convection is one of the most uncertain processes in stars. In the context of 1D models of stellar evolution, the most widely used theory of convection is the Mixing Length Theory \citep[MLT,][]{Bohm-Vitense1958} described by the MLT parameter, \mbox{$\alpha_\mathrm{MLT}$}, which... |
3,212,635,538,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the comprehensive impact of scientific work is motivating for academics and helpful for demonstrating value to research funding councils. For example, the UK government conducts an evaluation of academic research known as REF (Research Excellence Framework), which asks universities ... |
3,212,635,538,015 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION }
\label{sec:intro}
Neutron star interiors cover an incredible range of densities going from about $10^4$ g/cm$^3$ in the crust to about $10^{15}$ g/cm$^3$ in the stellar core, corresponding to several times the nuclear saturation density. Although matter is reasonably understood until a little b... |
3,212,635,538,016 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Typography is fundamental to graphic design. Graphic designers have the desire to identify the fonts they encounter in daily life for later use. While they might take a photo of the text of a particularly interesting font and seek out an expert to identify the font, the manual identification proc... |
3,212,635,538,017 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)
is part of a global effort to directly detect gravitational waves,
which has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of both astrophysics,
and fundamental physics.\cite{httpLIGO, httpVirgo, httpKAGRA, httpGEO}
To realize... |
3,212,635,538,018 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the theory of nuclear reactions, one relies on statistical ideas to simplify their many-body
nature. The first step is to introduce average amplitudes. The second step is to devise a Schr\"odinger
equation that supplies these amplitues (the optical model). and the last step is the calculatio... |
3,212,635,538,019 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec1}
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology has taken root as a core sensing technology in various Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications, including, but not limited to, autonomous vehicles (AV) \cite{Luettel2012} and topological urban 3D mapping \cite{Sun2013}. In... |
3,212,635,538,020 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:intro}
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the set of $3$-dimensional manifolds up to \emph{homology cobordism}. To do this, we define,
for each $n \in \mathbb{N}$, an invariant of $(4k-1)$-dimensional manifolds ($k\geq 1$) that we
call $\rho_{n}$. Loosely speaki... |
3,212,635,538,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The de Sitter (dS) special relativity (SR) \cite{Dirac,Gursey,Fantappie,Pessa,Guo-MPL,Guo-PLA,
Yan,Xu,Aldrovandi} is a hypothetical theory with global dS invariance, which is well motivated,
at least for the following reasons. Firstly, the dS symmetry is one of the three highest
symmetries ... |
3,212,635,538,022 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{intro}
The two-point correlation function of galaxies was measured four
decades ago and found to be consistent with a $\xir \propto r^{-2}$
power law
\citep{totsuji69,peebles73,hauserpeebles73,peebleshauser74,peebles74}.
Since that time, successively larger galaxy redshift surveys
... |
3,212,635,538,023 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, several iterated processes received much research
interest from many mathematicians, see \cite{allouba1, burdzy1,
chuan, deblassie, nane1, nane2, shi-yor, xiao} and references
there in. Inspired by these results, we introduce a new class of
iterated processes called $\alpha$-ti... |
3,212,635,538,024 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The investigation of the exotic objects in the nuclear physics is a proven method for revealing many interesting properties of nuclear systems and for accessing to an unexplored areas of physics. The recent progress in the spectroscopy of deeply bound pionic atoms has permitted to obtain deepe... |
3,212,635,538,025 | arxiv | \section{More details of Approach}
\label{app: summary_of_approach}
\input{NeuRIPS2020/Tables/centrality_cmetric}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Obtain the positions of all vehicles using sensors deployed on the autonomous vehicle and form Dynamic Geometric Graphs (Section~\ref{subsec: DGG}).
\item Comp... |
3,212,635,538,026 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par
Pedestrian trajectory prediction is attracting increasing attention these years due to its promising application prospects, such as autonomous driving~\cite{8793868}, safety monitoring \cite{doi:10.2514/6.2019-3514}, socially-aware robots \cite{luber2010people}, \emph{etc}. However, existin... |
3,212,635,538,027 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In several astrophysical scenarios both magnetic and gravitational
fields play an important role in determining the evolution of the
matter. In these scenarios it is a common fact the presence of compact
objects such as neutron stars, most of which have intense magnetic
fields of o... |
3,212,635,538,028 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
{
\setlength{\fboxrule}{1pt}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{resource/fig_taxonomy}
}
\caption{
Hierarchically-structured taxonomy of this survey.
}
\label{fig_sr_methodology}
\end{figure*}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{mage... |
3,212,635,538,029 | arxiv | \section{Supplementary material}
We start by proving the first Lemma stated in the Letter.
{\em Lemma 1.---}Consider $D_j$ as dichotomic observables
{(with possible outcomes $1$ and $0$)}, $T_j$ as trichotomic
observables {(with possible outcomes $a_j$, $b_j$, and $c_j$)},
with $j=0,1$ and labels $A$ and $B$ corres... |
3,212,635,538,030 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
In many decision-making problems, agents desire to protect sensitive information that drives their actions from eavesdroppers and adversaries, such as applications in autonomous driving or smart power grids \cite{c18, c19}.
In these applications, as well as in many other sequential decision-maki... |
3,212,635,538,031 | arxiv | \section*{Abridged English version}
Let~$q_1$ and~$q_2$ be homogeneous quadratic forms in five variables, with coefficients
in a number field~$k$. Assume that the projective variety~$X \subset \P^4_k$
defined by $q_1=q_2=0$ is a smooth surface; it is
then a del Pezzo surface of degree~$4$, and all del Pezzo surfaces ... |
3,212,635,538,032 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The field of 3D human pose and shape (3DHPS) estimation from images has advanced rapidly with steadily decreasing errors on standard benchmarks \cite{Guler_2019_CVPR,iskakov2019learnable,kocabas2019vibe,kolotouros2019spin,Moon_2019_ICCV_3DMPPE,Qiu_2019_ICCV,sun2020centerhmr}.
Large training data... |
3,212,635,538,033 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
Concerns on power system operation and stability have been raised with the increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), which are connected to the grid through power electronic inverters. One of the most significant impact of these IGBs is the decrease of syst... |
3,212,635,538,034 | arxiv | \section{\large \textbf{Introduction}}
In \cite{CYB}, quandle 2-cocycle invariants are generalized to the
biquandle case. These are link invariants associated to finite biquandles
and 2-cocycles in their Yang-Baxter cohomology. In \cite{KM}, biquandles
are generalized to include an operation at virtual crossings, a ... |
3,212,635,538,035 | arxiv |
\section{Forward Algorithm}
The forward algorithm is shown in Algorithm~\ref{alg:forward}.
We write $[m]$ to denote the set of $m$ integers $\myset{1,\ldots,m}$
and $\doubbr{A} = 1$ if $A$ is true and $0$ otherwise.
\begin{algorithm}[t]
\caption{Forward}
\label{alg:forward}
\begin{algorithmic}
\STATE {\b... |
3,212,635,538,036 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We let $X=(X_t, t\ge 0)$ be one-dimensional diffusion and denote by $Y$ the reflected process,
\[
Y_t=S_t -X_t
\]
where $S_t=\sup _{u \in [0,t]} X_u\vee s$ with $s=S_0$. Hence $Y$ is the excursion of $X$ from its running maximum $S$. We consider an optimal stopping problem that inv... |
3,212,635,538,037 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Emmy Noether's paper \lq\lq{\it{Invariante Variationsprobleme}}"\cite{noet},
hereafter referred to as {\it{I.V.}}, profoundly influenced 20th century
physics. It was presented to the July 16, 1918 meeting of the
{\it{K\"{o}nigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu G\"{o}ttingen}} by Felix ... |
3,212,635,538,038 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{Afshar_new} a two-slit experiment supposedly showing the violation of the priciple of complementarity is realized. Authors suggest that a which-way information is obtained from the position of incident photon/light while at the same time the existence of interference is testified. In se... |
3,212,635,538,039 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the introduction of the ingenious notion of heavy quark
effective theory (HQET),\cite{HQET}
many physical quantities, especially regarding to
$B$ mesons, have been calculated. Furthermore formulation
has also been polished to incorporate higher orders.\cite{POL} However,
the way to incorpor... |
3,212,635,538,040 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last few years, many authors have widely investigated
existence and multiplicity of solutions for semilinear elliptic
problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions by using variational
methods and topological arguments (see \cite{St1} and references
therein). In particular, the following m... |
3,212,635,538,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Little is required to justify the efforts in the study of binary
systems. Despite the simplicity of its formulation, the relativistic
two-body problem is, in fact, one of the most challenging problems in
classical general relativity. Furthermore, binary systems of compact
obj... |
3,212,635,538,042 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Planetary obliquity is a fundamental parameter that factors into the assessment of a planet's habitability. The obliquity of a planet, or axial tilt, is the angle between the planet's spin axis and orbit normal. Together, the value of obliquity and its evolution over tim... |
3,212,635,538,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\emph{Team competition} has played a central role in the development of Game Theory [??], Economics [??] and Evolutionary Biology [??], however, the behavior of the underlying dynamics within the teams are usually sidelined. Either for reasons of mathematical convenience or bigg... |
3,212,635,538,044 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
This article is concerned with the classification of (adelic) Galois representations attached to elliptic curves and, in particular, this paper is an attempt to systematically classify reasons that explain when the adelic image is not as large as possible. More concretely, ... |
3,212,635,538,045 | arxiv | |
3,212,635,538,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The study of dynamical interactions of black holes (hereafter BH)
in dense stellar systems is now
nearly 30 years old and is still gaining momentum.
A key point of interest in such a process is
its inherent potential of generating gravitational waves (hereafter GW) from
the general... |
3,212,635,538,047 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}In several places, including \cite{[SDG]}, II,1-3, is expounded how to work with (generalized)
{\em elements} of the objects in a
category ${\mathcal E}$ with finite limits (``Krip\-ke-Joyal semantics'').
In the present note, we describe and
extend this ``semantics'' when the category ${\ma... |
3,212,635,538,048 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Warped accretion discs are common around black holes and stars. Discs may naturally form warped owing to the accretion of gas with different angular momenta \citep[see, e.g.,][]{Lucas2013,Bate2018}. Initially planar discs can be warped by external torques, for example, the Lense--Thirring torque... |
3,212,635,538,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The computation of higher-order corrections in QCD is a crucial part of the theoretical program in particle physics. In particular, the Altarelli-Parisi (AP) \cite{Altarelli:1977zs} splitting functions are a key component in these computations since they dictate the behaviour of scattering amplit... |
3,212,635,538,050 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we are concerned with the following problem: given a formula $\Pi$ of metric temporal logic \textsl{MTL}{} and an atomic proposition $A$, is it possible to construct a query ${\boldsymbol{Q}}(x)$ in some standard query language such that, for any data instance $\mathcal{D}$ of ato... |
3,212,635,538,051 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is a nearby irregular galaxy \citep[located at 62 kpc;][]{scowcroft16A}, which have undergo a major star-formation event about 50 Myr ago \citep{shtykovskiy07}. It resulted in the birth of a large population of high-mass X-ray binaries \citep[HMXBs, see, e.g. ][... |
3,212,635,538,052 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The earliest radio surveys, such as the 3C catalogue of the northern
hemisphere (Bennett 1962; Laing, Riley \& Longair 1983), were
dominated by objects that we now classify as radio-loud active
galactic nuclei (AGN), extending out to unprecedentedly high
redshifts. Indeed, for most of the latter... |
3,212,635,538,053 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\section{Feature Detection Algorithms}\label{appendix_features}
\paragraph{Mask-RCNN.}
To structurally obtain features of images we use Mask-RCNN. The Mask-RCNN algorithm, developed by Facebook, detects objects from images. As shown in Figure \ref{maskrcnn_flow}, It takes in an image in the input l... |
3,212,635,538,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The continuing agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions
on almost all the electroweak variables has further solidified the standard
model (SM). However, there are signs of perhaps something non-standard
from the investigation of non-electroweak variables and ... |
3,212,635,538,055 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}\label{introduction}
In the standard model of modern cosmology ($\Lambda$CDM), the cosmological constant, inflation, reheating, dark matter and coincidence problem have been long-standing basic issues for decades. The inflation \cite{inflation0} is a fundamental epoch and the reheating \cite{R... |
3,212,635,538,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the hadronic structure in the non-linear regime of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is one of the main goals of the future Electron - Ion Colliders (EIC) \cite{Raju,Boer,Accardi,LHeC}. It is expected that the resulting experimental data will be able to determine the presence of glu... |
3,212,635,538,057 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A longstanding goal in measurement science and technology is the miniaturization of precision oscillators based on atomic states. Laboratory-scale clocks based on atomic vapors can reach state-of-the-art fractional frequency deviations reaching $10^{-15}$\cite{Martin2018-es,... |
3,212,635,538,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: the vacuum as a dielectric}
\label{sec:1}
The idea that vacuum fluctuations\footnote{Type 1 vacuum fluctuations, which have observable effects, and type 2 vacuum fluctuations, which have no observable effects, will be discussed in detail in Sec. \ref{sec:2}.} play a role in determining the p... |
3,212,635,538,059 | arxiv | \section{Annotation Guidelines}
These guidelines were provided to the annotators to maintain consistency and agreement in the annotations.
\begin{enumerate
\item Given an image, check for every object marked and verify that it has the correct class.
\item Add bounding boxes for the missing objects, revise inacc... |
3,212,635,538,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM) are the dominant components in
the current universe, according to the recent astronomical
observations \cite{Riess98,Tegmark04,Spergel03}. They together
account for about 96\% of the critical energy density of the
universe. However, ironica... |
3,212,635,538,061 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} Given a group $G$ and an element $x\in G$, we write $x^G$ for the conjugacy class containing $x$. Of course,
if the number of elements in $x^G$ is finite, we have $|x^G|=[G:C_G(x)]$. A group is said to be a BFC-group if its conjugacy classes are
finite and of bounded size. One of the most fam... |
3,212,635,538,062 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We are going to use the usual notations $\N$, $\Q$, $\R$, and $\mathbb{C}$ for the sets of positive integers, rational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers, respectively. The set of positive real numbers will be denoted by $\R_+$, that is, $\R_+:=\{x\in\R\mid x>0\}$. The identity function ... |
3,212,635,538,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Preliminaries}
We investigate adaptive (or online) learning, which has been extensively studied due to its applications in a wide set of problems, such as signal processing~\cite{CBianchi2006, Kivinen04, Kozat07}, neural network training~\cite{King14}, and algorithmic learning theory~... |
3,212,635,538,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The Robotarium, a remotely accessible swarm-robotics testbed, located at the Georgia Institute of Technology, provides free, open access to a large number of differential-drive robots \cite{pickem2017robotarium}, alleviating the cost, in terms of both time and money, o... |
3,212,635,538,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section:Introduction}
Mean-field block models were introduced as an approximation of a lattice model of a meta-magnet, see e.g.~formula (4.1) in \cite{KC75}. Furthermore, they can arise in disordered systems with random pair interactions, studied for example in \cite{HEC83},\cite{HGHK86}... |
3,212,635,538,066 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Where feasible, displacement ventilation strategies, i.e. the low-level introduction and high-level extraction of air within building spaces, offer the potential for reduced energy usage \citep{Linden99,Wachenfeldt07} and improved indoor air quality \citep{Sandberg81,Bhagat20}.... |
3,212,635,538,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A ring $R$ is called {\sl clean} if every element of $R$ is the sum of a unit and an idempotent. In 1977, Nicholson \cite{[N1]} introduced the clean rings and related them to exchange rings. A clean ring can be regarded as an additive analog of a unit-regular ring in which each element is the ... |
3,212,635,538,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\
The theory of motives is an important tool of modern algebraic geometry:
motives of Pfister quadrics and, more generally, of norm varieties played an essential role in the proof of the Milnor and Bloch-Kato conjectures.
Let $G$ be a semisimple linear algebraic group over an arbitrary fiel... |
3,212,635,538,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Graph theory is abundant with fascinating open problems. In this paper we propose a new \emph{ansatz} to a
long-standing and still-wide-open conjecture, the \emph{Antimagic Graph Conjecture}.
Our approach generalizes Stanley's enumeration results for magic labelings of a graph \cite... |
3,212,635,538,070 | arxiv | \subsubsection{#1}}
\newcommand{{\bar \xi}}{{\bar \xi}}
\newcommand{{\tilde Q}}{{\tilde Q}}
\newcommand{{\tilde \phi}}{{\tilde \phi}}
\newcommand{{\bar \phit}}{{\bar {\tilde \phi}}}
\newcommand{{\bar \lambda}}{{\bar \lambda}}
\newcommand{{\tilde \chi}}{{\tilde \chi}}
\newcommand{{\bar \chit}}{{\bar {\tilde \chi}}}
\new... |
3,212,635,538,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In neuroscience, to understand brain functions and brain related diseases, it is very common to place electrodes on a subject's head and record the electrical activities that result. These activities, when represented, are often oscillations that change in shape, frequency, and range. They can... |
3,212,635,538,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Simple cause-effect notions of causality are misleading when interactions are reciprocal. This is particularly clear for deterministic dynamical systems where Takens' Theorem \citep{Takens_1981, Packard_1980, Stark_1997} shows that different observables individually contain all information about ... |
3,212,635,538,073 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
A {\it complex Hadamard} matrix is a matrix $H$ of order $n$ with
entries in $\{-1,1,i,-i\}$ and orthogonal rows in the usual
complex inner product on ${\mathbb{C}}^n$. If the entries of the
matrix consist of only $\pm 1$, we call the matrix a real Hadamard
matrix or a Hadamard matrix for... |
3,212,635,538,074 | arxiv | \section{Simple Data Structures for Dynamic Connectivity and Decremental MSF}\label{sec:Connectivity}
In this section, we give a description of the fully-dynamic connectivity data structure in~\cite{Wulff-Nilsen13a} (which is based on an earlier structure of Thorup \cite{thorup00connect}) except that shortcuts are omit... |
3,212,635,538,075 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Many real-world problems are governed by
\emph{partial differential equations (PDEs)}. For example, to predict the forces induced by airflow on a car or an airplane, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) relies on the solution of non-linear Navier Stokes Equations (NSE). To model these problems, lar... |
3,212,635,538,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, the
ATLAS~\cite{bib:ATLAS_diphoton} and CMS~\cite{bib:CMS_diphoton} Collaborations have announced an excess in diphoton channel with invariant mass of about 750 GeV at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV. Assuming a narrow width resonance, the ATLAS Collaboration has reported a local $3.6\sigma$ exces... |
3,212,635,538,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The foundations of category theory has been a source of many perplexities ever
since the groundbreaking 1945-introduction
of the subject by Eilenberg and Mac Lane; e.g., how is one to avoid Russell-like paradoxes and yet have
access to objects that motivate the study in the first place, such ... |
3,212,635,538,078 | arxiv | \section{\hskip -0.75em ~#1}}
\newcommand{\SubSection}[1]{\subsection{\hskip -0.75em ~#1}}
\newcommand{\SubSubSection}[1]{\subsubsection{\hskip -0.750em ~#1}}
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{\thesubsection\arabic{subsubsection}}
\renewcommand{\thepa... |
3,212,635,538,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hyperproperties~\cite{DBLP:journals/jcs/ClarksonS10} are system properties that relate multiple computation traces. For example, in the design of a system that handles sensitive information, we might specify that a certain secret is kept confidential by requiring that the
system is \emp... |
3,212,635,538,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
%
Single-image super-resolution (SR) aims to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image from a single low-resolution (LR) input image.
%
In recent years, example-based SR methods have demonstrated the state-of-the-art performance by learning a mapping from LR to HR image patches using large ima... |
3,212,635,538,081 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Manganese dioxide is an inexpensive and highly reactive material and it has attracted great interest due to its structural diversity with different chemical and physical properties~\cite{Ghosh:2020}. In particular, $\alpha$-MnO$_2$ is made up of $2\times 2$ channels due to edge... |
3,212,635,538,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\bigskip
Current intensive searches for Physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) are becoming a very timely endeavor \cite{Tanabashi:2018}, given the precision experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and elsewhere; at the same time, numerical studies of BSM Physics are more viable due to the adve... |
3,212,635,538,083 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank Christian Fendt and Daniele Galli for very useful discussion.
GAO acknowledges financial support from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), under the program Research Grants - Doctoral Projects in Germany, and complementary financial support for the completion of the Doc... |
3,212,635,538,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The monomer-dimer covers of infinite graphs $G$, and in particular of
the infinite graph induced by the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$, is one of the
widely used models in statistical physics. See for example
\cite{Bax1, BoW, Ciu, Fis, FoR, FP, Gau, Ha1, Ha2, Ha3, HaM, HL, Kas,
KeRaSi, Jer, L, Lun... |
3,212,635,538,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase spaces are a common and important way to model physical
systems. For example, a harmonic oscillator has the energy equation
$E=\frac{p^2}{2m}+\frac{kx^2}{2}$, which expresses the energy of the
oscillator (pendulum, mass on a string, etc) as a function of the
position and momentum. More gen... |
3,212,635,538,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Mechanisms of energy localization and transport in nonlinear discrete systems are attracting a lot of attention from physicists because they play a decisive role in a variety of processes. Topological solitons~\cite{BK,ChaosWe}, shock waves~\cite{Shock1,Shock2,Shock3}, cr... |
3,212,635,538,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deformations to obtain the strict dominant energy condition are important analytical tools in the study of initial data sets. Among various applications, the most prominent one is perhaps the proof of the Positive Mass Theorem by R.~Schoen and S.-T.~Yau, in which they use the strict dominant en... |
3,212,635,538,088 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries} \label{sec: preliminaries}
\subsection{Notations}
We denote (i) vectors using lowercase bold letters such as $\mathbf{b}, \mathbf{u}$, (ii) matrices using uppercase bold letters such as $\mathbf{G}$, (iii) random variables using capital letters such as $X,Y$, (iv) numbers, realizations of random... |
3,212,635,538,089 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pre-trained language models~(PrLMs) such as BERT~\cite{bert} and its variants~\cite{robert,xlnet} have shown significant success for various downstream NLP tasks. However, these deep neural networks are sensitive to different cross-domain distributions~\cite{datashift} and their effectiveness wi... |
3,212,635,538,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years there has been a lot of interest in Fokker--Planck and transport equations with
irregular coefficients in finite dimensions (see e.g.
\cite{A04}, \cite{A05}, \cite{L07}, \cite{M07},
\cite{Fi08}, \cite{LeLi08} and the references therein and also the fundamental paper \cite{DPL89... |
3,212,635,538,091 | arxiv |
\section{Litmus Tests and Comparison with Other Memory Models}
In this section, we will first compare the behavior of {\sc SiSd} with other weak memory models.
We do this by presenting a sequence of litmus tests
that differentiate the {\sc SiSd} semantics from the other models.
Each program consists of a number of t... |
3,212,635,538,092 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation \label{sec:intro}}
Although the cosmic concordance framework for cosmology, or $\Lambda$CDM, involving a $\sim 69\%$ current-era dark energy of positive cosmological-constant (de Sitter $\Lambda > 0$) type, a $\sim 27\%$ Cold Dark Matter (CDM) component, and $\sim 4\%$ ordinary (mo... |
3,212,635,538,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the best motivated extensions of the SM is a neutral gauge
sector with an extra $U(1)$ symmetry in addition to the SM hypercharge
$U(1)_Y$ and an associated $Z'$ gauge boson, predicted in most Grand
Unified Theories (GUTs) such as $SO(10)$ or
$E_6$~\cite{Georgi:1974sy}. There is an extens... |
3,212,635,538,094 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The edit distance in graphs was introduced independently by Axenovich, K\'{e}zdy, and Martin \cite{A-K-M} and by Alon and Stav \cite{A-S}. The question considered is ``Given a class of graphs $\mathcal{H}$ what is the minimum number $m=m(n)$ such that for every graph on $n$ vertices, there is ... |
3,212,635,538,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Popular models for the spread of disease and of opinion are
graph convexities. The $P_3$-convexity is one such convexity, and it is
defined as follows.
\begin{definition}
A set $S$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is $P_3$-convex if every vertex
outside $S$ has at most one neighbor in $S$.
\end... |
3,212,635,538,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A property testing algorithm is required to distinguish objects that
satisfy a given property from objects that are ``far'' from satisfying the property.
One can trace the origins of property testing as an area of study to two distinct origins:
\cite{BLR} (and subsequently \cite... |
3,212,635,538,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum entanglement has given rise to much work in the condensed matter community as a new way to explore interesting aspects of physical systems. The Kondo problem for instance has been revisited along these lines, with studies addressing the interplay between the impurity screening and the in... |
3,212,635,538,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-layer neural networks have been an integral part of statistical machine learning since the 1960s. With advancements in technology and large data capacity, they have surfaced as a ``jack of all trades" in a broad array of learning tasks. In spite of the success multi-layer neural networks
... |
3,212,635,538,099 | arxiv |
\section{Bounding mechanism}
\label{sec:BMDirectProblem}
We are now ready to develop the BM for the problem defined in Section \ref{sec:ProblemDefinition}. This BM is the second part of the H\&B algorithm proposed to solve this problem. To develop the BM we proceed in three steps: first we derive an expression for t... |
3,212,635,538,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{De Rham cohomology}
De Rham cohomology is a cohomology theory offering a purely algebraic construction, based on differential forms, which recovers the Betti cohomology of a smooth algebraic variety of characteristic zero. Precisely, the algebraic de Rham cohomology groups $H^*_{DR}(... |
3,212,635,538,101 | arxiv | \section{Luminosity at LHCb}\vspace*{-1.5mm}
The LHCb experiment~\cite{LHCb:2012doh} is a single-arm forward spectrometer specifically designed to study the properties of heavy hadron decays. The experiment tracking system is composed of a silicon pixel vertex detector (VELO), a silicon strip upstream tracker placed be... |
3,212,635,538,102 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
With this paper we conclude our surveys of atomic and molecular gas in
volume limited samples of elliptical and lenticular galaxies (S0s: \citet{ws03},
\citet{sag06}; Es: \citet{sag07}, Paper I). The prime
motivation for our work has been to address the long-standing mystery of why
those kind... |
3,212,635,538,103 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\bigskip
The Christoffel problem (ChP) is well known fundamental problem of
differential geometry. Author solves the ChP in Riemannian space
as the problem of finding the continuous $G-$deformations
with prescribed the sum of principal radii of curvature.
In the article, there is being... |
3,212,635,538,104 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section*{Acknowledgment}
H.C. Liou thanks the advice from Prof. Jen-Ho Chang during the early stages of this research. This work was supported by College Student Research grant number 108-2813-C-002 -036 -E from Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan.
{\... |
3,212,635,538,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discrete choice models describe and predict decisions between distinct alternatives. Traditional applications include consumer purchasing decisions, choices of schooling or employment, and commuter choices for modes of transportation among available options.
Early models of probabilistic discret... |
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