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2,121,713,844,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In this paper, we define and study four graphs that hide rich geometry: an abstract graph (the \emph{abstract tropical secant surface graph}), a weighted graph in $\RR^{n+1}$ (the \emph{tropical secant surface graph} or \emph{master graph}), a weighted graph in the $...
2,121,713,844,942
arxiv
\part{Models and results} \section{Introduction} The very concept of quasispecies is actively debated in theoretical biology. Loosely speaking, a quasispecies is a group of individuals which are closely related to each other. At the genetic level, it is a model for a cloud of mutants around a well fitted genotype,...
2,121,713,844,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Total cross sections~\cite{Winter,QUENT,WOLKE,DISTO} ~of the reaction \mbox{$pp\to \,pp\:\!K^+\!K^- $ } at excess energies below $Q=120$\,MeV are given in Figure~\ref{excitation}. \begin{figure}[htp] \begin{center} \parbox[c]{0.6\textwidth}{ \centering \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{exc...
2,121,713,844,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When the first author attended as a first year student a logic course at a philosophy department, he was wondering why the professor was repeating, after introducing the relation $\vDash$, ``the same'' again but using the symbol `$\vdash$'. It was, most likely, the negligence of the student, and...
2,121,713,844,945
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}% {\normalfont\large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\normalfont\bfseries}} \makeatother \allowdisplaybreaks \begin{doc...
2,121,713,844,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \xlabel{sIntro} Let $C(d):= \PP (\mathrm{Sym}^d (\CC^3)^{\vee })/\mathrm{SL}_3 (\CC )$ be the moduli space of plane curves of degree $d$. As a particular instance of the general question of rationality for invariant function fields under actions of connected linear algebraic groups (see \cite{Do...
2,121,713,844,947
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{L}{ight} field imaging~\cite{Adelson92} not only captures the color intensity of each pixel but also the directions of all incoming light rays. The directional information inherent in a light field implicitly defines the geometry of the observed scene~\cite{Wanner12b}. In recent yea...
2,121,713,844,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years there has been a revival of interest in three-dimensional quantum gravity mainly owing to the paper by Witten \cite{Witten} and that by Li, Song and Strominger \cite{Strominger}. Both the papers deal with not only the AdS/CFT correspondence in three dimensions but also the proble...
2,121,713,844,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are interested in solving the minimization problem \begin{equation} \label{eq:main_intro} \min_{x \in C} f(x),\text{ where } f(x) = \espk{\xi}{f_\xi(x)}, \end{equation} where $C$ is a closed convex subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $f_\xi$ are differentiable convex functions. These problems typ...
2,121,713,844,950
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\addtocounter{section}{1}{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}} \newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}} \newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{...
2,121,713,844,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-dimensional aerodynamic coefficients are a measure of performance of a vehicle moving through a fluid at different speeds. The non-dimensional aerodynamic coefficients salient for this proposal are the pitch damping $(C_{m_{\dot{\alpha}}} + C_{m_q})$ and pitch stiffness $C_{m_{\alpha}}$ coef...
2,121,713,844,952
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have seen renewed interest in understanding hydrodynamics as an effective field theory. On the one hand, this is inspired by explicit geometric constructions of the Schwinger-Keldysh dissipative action that describes the Navier-Stokes equations, and a thorough understanding of how t...
2,121,713,844,953
arxiv
\section*{} \vspace{-1cm} \footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK}} \footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK}} \footnotetext{\textit{${\ast}$~E-mail: langbeinww@cardiff.ac.uk}} \sloppy \section{Introduction} Di...
2,121,713,844,954
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nucleosynthesis of light elements in the big bang is a unique probe of new physics which may have occurred during the first few minutes of cosmic expansion in the big bang. Of particular interest in this work is the apparent discrepancy between the inferred primordial abundances of $^6$Li...
2,121,713,844,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The primary focus of this paper is on benchmarking the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm, perhaps the most common computer generated holography (CGH) algorithm for projection applications using phase modulating devices. While many high performance algorithms are available\cite{So...
2,121,713,844,956
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fueled by ATP hydrolysis, the cytoskeleton and motor proteins can transport organelles \cite{theurkauf92, vale03,hirokawa09} and create cytoplasmic flows \cite{kamiya81,needleman19, stein21} at the microscale within a cell. We aim to exploit these biological active matter to build programmabl...
2,121,713,844,957
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\em Compactons} are solitary waves of the finite length. They arise as the travelling waves in the degenerate Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation, \begin{equation} \label{kdv} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial u^m}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial^3 u^n}{\partial x^3} = 0, \end{equation...
2,121,713,844,958
arxiv
\section{Scatter Matrices}\label{app:scatter-matrices} Let $\mc{F}_{n} = \{f_{i}\in\mc{F} \colon i \in \mc{I}\}$, $n=|\mc{I}|$, denote given data. Consider a partition $\mc{I}=\dot\cup_{j\in\mc{J}}\mc{I}_{j}$ with $n_{j}=|\mc{I}_{j}|$ and $\sum_{j \in \mc{J}} n_{j}=n$. We define the empirical quantities \begin{subequa...
2,121,713,844,959
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:1}Introduction} The capacity of a photon to carry information can be greatly increased if one accesses its many degrees of freedom: spatial, polarization, frequency and the orbital angular momentum (OAM). In doing so, it is possible to make a single-photon encode multiple qubits, whose manipulation...
2,121,713,844,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are many physical configurations in which discreet charges are in acceleration, but in spite of that they behave almost like steady state DC. This situation is encountered in any DC or low frequency electrical circuit, because in spite of the fact that the charge distribution is always dis...
2,121,713,844,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{1} There have been a great deal of attempts to formulate adequate models of cosmic rays (CRs) in the Galaxy, starting from pioneer papers by Ginzburg and Syrovatskii, as summarized in their monograph \citep[][]{syr64}. The idea of an extended CR halo around the Galactic disk was proposed b...
2,121,713,844,962
arxiv
\section*{1. Introduction} In phenomenological applications of perturbative QCD, one often encounters series of the form $S = 1 + R_1 x + R_2 x^2 + R_3 x^3 + ...$, where $x$ is the expansion parameter $\alpha_s/\pi$, and where only the first two or three coefficients $R_i$ are known. Since calculation of the hi...
2,121,713,844,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A two-level system (2LS) interacting with a quantum field -- electromagnetic field (EMF) in particular -- has proven to be a very useful model for a wide range of problems from atomic-optical \cite{WM,MW,Scu,Wei,VW,CPP,Car} and condensed matter \cite{Leg87,Weiss} processes to quantum computat...
2,121,713,844,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The principled learning of functions is at the core of machine learning, statistics, artificial intelligence, and inverse problems. This paper is concerned with semi-supervised Bayesian learning, where unlabeled data is used to build a \emph{prior} distribution on the unkn...
2,121,713,844,965
arxiv
\section{General Idea} Magnetic fields are one of the most challenging astrophysical phenomena to measure. We do have indications that magnetic fields are everywhere in the Universe, but they are often very weak and challenging to characterize in detail. The Milky Way is host to a magnetic field on the order of $10^{...
2,121,713,844,966
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Vision Transformers (ViTs)~\cite{ViT-ICLR2021,deit-icml2021,liu2021Swin} have demonstrated a higher accuracy than conventional CNNs in various vision-related tasks. The unprecedented effectiveness of recent ViTs motivates adversaries to perform malicious attacks, among of which the backdoor (aka,...
2,121,713,844,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exotic nuclei are found across the nuclear chart. Proton and neutron halos are found near the proton and neutron dripline, respectively, not only in the lightest mass nuclei but also possibly in nuclei as heavy as neon \cite{Tanihata2013}. Two-nucleon halo systems can be Borromean, where, if ...
2,121,713,844,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Robot planning problems often face the challenge of simultaneously optimizing multiple objectives. Finding the appropriate trade-off between objectives remains a major challenge when deploying intelligent autonomous systems. For instance, autonomous cars optimize trajectories for passenger comfor...
2,121,713,844,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1983, the European Muon Collaboration(EMC) \cite {EMC-1} surprisingly found that the nucleon structure function, as measured in deep-inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering (DIS), varies with the target nucleus. This phenomenon has been known as the EMC effect. Since the discovery of the EMC ...
2,121,713,844,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Causal explanation detection (CED) aims to detect whether there is a causal explanation in a given message (e.g. a group of sentences). Linguistically, there are coherence relations in messages which explain how the meaning of different textual units can combine to jointly build...
2,121,713,844,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery that \textit{quasars} are powerful extragalactic radio sources~\cite{Schmidt:1963wkp} raised the intriguing question of how their luminosities are produced. Eventually, supermassive black holes (BHs) emerged as the widely acknowledged engines for such extreme energy outputs~\cite{Be...
2,121,713,844,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The analysis of the properties and behavior of gravity in higher dimensions has become a major area of research in recent years, motivated in particular by developments in string theory. Among others, the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity theory has been singled out as relevant to...
2,121,713,844,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Quantum computers are hypothetical devices that represent and process information according to the principles of quantum mechanics. If built, they could solve certain problems, such as factoring integers \cite{Sho97}, dramatically faster than classical computers. While the ea...
2,121,713,844,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Motivic Donaldson--Thomas invariants were introduced in \cite{KS}, as a generalisation of the classical theory of Donaldson--Thomas invariants initiated in \cite{casson}. At the same time Joyce (\cite{Jo06a}, \cite{Jo06b}, \cite{Jo07a}, \cite{Jo07c}, \cite{JoyceHGF}, \cite{Jo07b}, \cite{Jo08a}) ...
2,121,713,844,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In multi-cell Massive MIMO systems, each base station (BS) requires accurate knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) obtained during the pilot training phase. To attain accurate channel estimates, perfectly orthogonal pilot allocations to users are required. Unfortunately, this requirem...
2,121,713,844,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Model} Multichannel Kondo impurity models \cite{NB,CZ} have recently attracted considerable attention, for several reasons. First, in the overscreened case, they provide an explicit example of a non-Fermi liquid ground-state. Second, these models can be studied by a variety of controlled ...
2,121,713,844,977
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Material} \subsection{SWN Receiver Performance} In this appendix, we derive an expression for the error probability of the SWN receiver for an arbitrary coherent-state ensemble and also prove the upper bound eq.~\eqref{PeUB} on it. From the way the receiver operates, it is apparent that when t...
2,121,713,844,978
arxiv
\section{Background and Challenges} \label{sec:background} Fitness activities can involve a diverse set of movements. For this study, we focus on a specific type of fitness training, often referred to as strength or weight training. Strength training poses a number of unique challenges not present in other forms of ex...
2,121,713,844,979
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a bounded metric space and $T \colon X \to X$ be a transformation, preserving a Borel probability measure $\nu$. Suppose that $\varphi \colon X \to {\mathbb R}$ is a ${\mathbb L}^1(\nu) $ observable with $\int \varphi \, d\nu = 0$. We consider the Birkhoff sums \begin{equation} \la...
2,121,713,844,980
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Deep Neural Networks (NN) have shown state-of-the-art performance on many tasks, including image recognition \citep{krizhevsky2017imagenet} and reinforcement learning \citep{schulman2015trust}. However, the vulnerability of NNs to adversarial examples questions their applicabi...
2,121,713,844,981
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Highly energetic explosions in self-gravitating fluid distributions are common events in relativistic astrophysics (see for example \cite{1N,2N} and references therein). There are two main questions related to this issue: \begin{itemize} \item What is the energy source of such explosions? \ite...
2,121,713,844,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The behaviour of Fanaroff-Riley II (FRII; Fanaroff \& Riley 1974) radio galaxies is typified by the ejection of highly collimated, laminar jets from a central core. These jets travel supersonically away from the core and are decelerated by the ram-pressure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). This...
2,121,713,844,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} The many-body physics in trapped Bose gases has drawn intense interest since the experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in ultracold, dilute alkali atoms\Cite{Anderson1995}. The systems are ``clean'' and highly controllable experimentally. The domina...
2,121,713,844,984
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Following two decades of dramatic improvement, superconducting qubit technology has emerged as a promising platform for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Game-changing enhancements in coherence have especially been achieved through novel designs and improved fabrication processes. However, per...
2,121,713,844,985
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In molecular clouds of the Galactic Disk Region(GDR), a number of filamentary structures have been found by Herschel survey observations (\cite{Pilbratt2010}). It has been revealed that the molecular clouds ubiquitously exist as filamentary structures in the GDR with or without star formation. ...
2,121,713,844,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) and the largest ground-based gamma-ray detection observatory of the next decade. IACTs operate by observing the Cherenkov radiation induced by the Extensive Air Sh...
2,121,713,844,987
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Robot design deals with complexity in a manner similar to personal computers. Robots have input/output devices that either provide output by acting in the environment or sensors that provide input. Like PCs, robot peripherals contain firmware (device controllers) to predictably and efficiently...
2,121,713,844,988
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Searches for new phenomena, in particular supersymmetry (SUSY)~\cite{Martin,SUSY0,SUSY1,SUSY2,SUSY3,SUSY4}, are among the main objectives of the physics programme at the CERN LHC. Supersymmetry, which is one of the most promising extensions of the standard model (SM), predicts s...
2,121,713,844,989
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been proposed recently that the thermodynamic properties of the glass phase can be deduced from those of the corresponding liquid phase, computed above the glass transition but for a `replicated' liquid involving $m$ species with $m<1$, forming then a {\it molecular bound state} \cite{MP...
2,121,713,844,990
arxiv
\subsection{Problem Formalization} \label{sec:problem_formalization} Assuming that a new model trained without any consideration of BCT is denoted as $\phi_{new}$, and the fixed old model is denoted as $\phi_{old}$. To improve the backward compatibility, we design a method $L$ and integrate it into the training pr...
2,121,713,844,991
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heretofore, there have been some researches on the encoding of codes on algebraic curves, although they are fewer than researches on the decoding of codes. Heegard \textit{et al.} \cite{Heegard} proposed an encoding for linear codes with nontrivial automorphism groups by using Gr\"obner bases f...
2,121,713,844,992
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The experimental observation of 3 generations of fermions, with the associated proliferation of parameters (the different masses and mixing angles) constitute the flavour problem, in the Standard Model (SM) these parameters remain free and are simply fitted to observations. Beyond SM theor...
2,121,713,844,993
arxiv
\chapter*{~Preface} \thispagestyle{empty} The report you hold in your hands represents the written version of a series of lectures that were presented by U.L. at the University of Oslo in the fall of 1996. The notes were checked, elaborated on and texed by S.E.H. We took the opportunity to add some useful references (...
2,121,713,844,994
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Squeezed states are interesting quantum optical systems exhibiting nonclassical properties \cite{Walls,Loudon_Knight,Teich_Saleh}. They produce less noise in optical communication than a vacuum state. This is why squeezed light has various applications in different areas including op...
2,121,713,844,995
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The QCD phase transition would be realized not only in heavy-ion collisions but also in compact astrophysical objects and phenomena such as heavy neutron stars~\cite{Haensel:2007yy}, supernovae~\cite{SN} and black hole formations~\cite{Sumiyoshi:2006id,Sumiyoshi:2007pp,Sumiyoshi:2008kw,Ohnishi:20...
2,121,713,844,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the following setting of online convex prediction. Let $(\ell_t:\mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R})_{t\geq 1}$ be a collection of random convex sub-differentiable loss functions sequentially observed. At each time step $t \geq 1$, a learner forms a prediction $\smash{\hat \theta_{t-1}\in ...
2,121,713,844,997
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Solar rotation, both global and differential, plays a crucial role in the dynamical processes taking place in the Sun. For example, mean-field dynamo theory \citep{Moffatt78,Krause80} uses these two ingredients to explain the presence of the solar magnetic field. Firstly, the differential rotatio...
2,121,713,844,998
arxiv
\section*{ABSTRACT} \end{center} \hspace*{0.7cm} This paper is intended as part of a more extensive molecular line survey in star forming regions along the evolutionary track of a collapsing cloud toward a young stellar object. \\ \hspace*{0.7cm} We have studied a sample of seven small dark clouds (Bok globules) and ei...
2,121,713,844,999
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the geometrical optics approximation, the Fresnel (wave) surface describes the propagation of light inside a transparent material. For biaxial media, such as Aragonite (orthorhombic CaCO$_3$\hspace{0.5pt}) and Topaz (orthorhombic Al$_{2}$SiO$_{4}$(F,OH)$_{2}$\hspace{0.5pt}), the surface consis...
2,121,713,845,000
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hyperspectral image (HSI) is an image cube made up of hundreds of spatial images. For collecting hyperspectral images, a hyperspectral camera is used to collect a data cube. A normal image has 3 channels of pixel values namely, Red, Green and Blue (RGB). While in the case of hyperspectral images,...
2,121,713,845,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past few years, smartphone applications have contributed greatly to the quality of users experience in their smart devices allowing them to reach a huge set of functionalities even bigger when the user?s personal information are used At the same time, however, many applications fail to ...
2,121,713,845,002
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Astronomical surveys, either spaceborne or ground-based, are gathering an unprecedented amount of data. One can mention the SDSS DR14 data \citep{SDSS} that contains 154 TB of millions of spectroscopic and photometric data. The DR5 of the LAMOST survey \citep{lamost} contains 9 million spectra in...
2,121,713,845,003
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last years great progress has been made in understanding the properties and distribution of extraplanar gas around galaxies. Different gas phases are interacting with each other and influence the evolution of the host galaxy. Therefore, gaseous halos are perfect laboratories to study th...
2,121,713,845,004
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Precise Doppler surveys of evolved stars have opened a new frontier in extrasolar planet searches during the past several years. Since the successive discoveries of planets around K-type giants, $\iota$ Dra (Frink et al. 2002) and HD 47536 (Setiawan et al. 2003), and a G-type giant, HD 104985 (Sa...
2,121,713,845,005
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Granular media have distinct behaviors from those of usual solids, fluids and gases \cite{Jaeger,Hansen,Mehta}. There are two particularly important features that contribute to the unique properties of granular materials: ordinary thermal fluctuations play no role because of the mesoscopic size ...
2,121,713,845,006
arxiv
\section{Introduction} More than thirty years have passed since the discovery of the high $T_c$ cuprate superconductors, but the cuprates remain to be the record holder of the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ at ambient pressure. A difficulty in realizing high $T_c$ superconductivity lies in the incompatib...
2,121,713,845,007
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The origin and acceleration of cosmic rays to energies beyond $10^{20}$~eV is one of the big open questions in astroparticle physics today. Carrying electric charge, cosmic rays are deflected in magnetic fields during their propagation and possibly do not point back to their source. However, the...
2,121,713,845,008
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} A theoretical method capable of accurately and efficiently describing the excited-state properties of molecular systems is important for the rational design of molecules with desired properties. Many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) methods based on the one-bo...
2,121,713,845,009
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation} Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at nonzero baryon densities and zero (or very small) temperatures is very difficult, and progress has mostly been made with the help of various effective theories and phenomenological models. What we know for certain is that there is a first...
2,121,713,845,010
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Einstein vacuum field equations (EFE) $\operatorname{Ric}=0$ are geometric evolution equations for the gravitational field, in the sense that they admit a well-posed initial value problem. The fundamental well-posedness result of Choquet-Bruhat \cite{Choquet} established that prescribing the...
2,121,713,845,011
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Linear elasticity is a well-known and powerful mathematical approximation of the nonlinear theory of elasticity, with extensive application to the structural analysis and the numerical treatment of elastic bodies. In engineering textbooks its derivation is classical and is based on a formal li...
2,121,713,845,012
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many practical situations involve the use of electrical systems with external sources furnishing constant power to the loads. The studies of electrical systems with constant power loads (CPLs) use a wide range of mathematical techniques, see \cite{sanchez}. A significant part of the mathematica...
2,121,713,845,013
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} To understand the nature of dark matter (DM) is a central issue in modern particle physics and cosmology. Numerous candidates of DM have been proposed and at the same time numerous experiments have been conducted to search for DM. The dawn of a new era in DM physics is breaking....
2,121,713,845,014
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Due to their relevance for cold-atom physics \cite{zwerger}, quantum-mechanical models of particles with zero-range interactions have recently received a lot of attention. Of particular interest is the unitary limit of infinite scattering length, where one has scale invariance due to the lack of...
2,121,713,845,015
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for simple examples of holography is important in the effort to penetrate the AdS/CFT correspondence. It involves seeking a hard-to-achieve balance between analytic tractability and intrinsic complexity. One wants to be able to capture enough of the physics of holography, especiall...
2,121,713,845,016
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After receiving paper reviews, authors may optionally submit a rebuttal to address the reviewers' comments, which will be limited to a {\bf one page} PDF file. Please follow the steps and style guidelines outlined below for submitting your author response. The author rebuttal is optional and...
2,121,713,845,017
arxiv
\section{Introduction: thimble regularisation and single thimble dominance} Lattice regularisation provides an effective framework for a non-perturbative definition of Quantum Field Theories. It also enables numerical computations: in the euclidean formulation, a lattice-regularised QFT resembles a statistical physics...
2,121,713,845,018
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The long-known environmental influences on galaxy population properties observed at low and intermediate redshifts have often motivated the study of galaxy evolution in galaxy clusters. Commonly observed features -- such as the color-density and morphology-density relations ...
2,121,713,845,019
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{_Intro_Section_} A locally conformally K\"ahler (LCK) manifold is a complex manifold $(M,I)$ equipped with a Hermitian metric $g$ (LCK metric) which is locally conformally equivalent to a K\"ahler metric. Then the Hermitian form $\omega(x,y):=g(Ix,y)$ satisfies $d\omega=\theta \we...
2,121,713,845,020
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Weyl scalars are promising tools for wave extraction in numerical relativity, and are being used for this purpose in current binary black hole simulations. As has been shown in \cite{beetle-2005-72,nerozzi-2005-72,nerozzi-2006-73,nerozzi-2006-,burko-2007-}, the critical...
2,121,713,845,021
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-Gaussian observations appear in several fields of sciences like geophysics, astrophysics and so on, see \cite{nozawa1997spectral}, \cite{ogura1996scattering} for instance. Characterization of a Gaussian phenomenon is possible by the covariances or equivalently by the spectrum, but one ...
2,121,713,845,022
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} In recent years, the advances in technology enable the broad collection of data of e.g. continuously streams provided by the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, Social media, etc. Due to these rapid developments, big data processing and especially stream processing beca...
2,121,713,845,023
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Results} Let $G$ be a non-elementary hyperbolic group equipped with a finite symmetric generating set. Write $W_n = \{ g \in G: |g| =n \}$ for the collection of elements of word length $n$. By a result of Coornaert \cite{coor}, the growth rate of its cardinality $\# W_n$ is purely exponential,...
2,121,713,845,024
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In online advertising systems, predicting user response probabilities, such as click-through rate (CTR) and conversion rate (CVR), is the key for ranking candidate ads and bidding strategies. Take cost-per-conversion (CPA) system as an example, an ad's expected revenue per thousand impressions (...
2,121,713,845,025
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study a class of interacting particle systems with local interactions in continuous space. The models we consider are reversible with respect to the Poisson measures with constant density, uniformly elliptic, and of non-gradient type. The large-scale behavior of each model is captured by a di...
2,121,713,845,026
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of the results} In the theory of characteristic classes (in the sense of Milnor and Stasheff \cite{MilnorStasheff}, whom we follow in terminology and notation in this article), it is well-known how the Chern classes are mapped to even Stiefel-Whitney classes when converting compl...
2,121,713,845,027
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A fundamental assumption of cosmology is that the Universe is isotropic. This was confirmed, for the mean temperature of the cosmic microwave background ({\em CMB\/}), by the {\em FIRAS\/} experiment on the {\em COBE\/} satellite \citep{wright92,bennett96}. However, the higher precision, measur...
2,121,713,845,028
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The main subject of this paper is the following 2003 conjecture of James M\textsuperscript{c}Kernan: \begin{Conjecture}[M\textsuperscript{c}Kernan]\label{conj:eps-delta} For fixed positive integers $m,n$ and a real number $\epsilon>0$ there exists a $\delta=\delta_{m,n}(\e...
2,121,713,845,029
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{chap:intro} The goal of this work is to implement a distributed $\lambda$-calculus interpreter. $\lambda$-calculus is a computational model introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of an investigation into the foundations of mathematics. This model is powerful en...
2,121,713,845,030
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several open issues for hadron production in \mbox{$p$-$p$}\ collisions relate to dijet production, both the frequency of hard parton scattering and the subsequent fragmentation to jets. In this study we infer the hard scattering rate from the two-component multiplicity systematics of single-...
2,121,713,845,031
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Thoracic radiography is an important diagnostic in companion animal medicine, routinely used for diagnosing cardiopulmonary disorders as well as the staging of neoplasms in dogs and cats. Radiographs must be of diagnostic quality to provide clinical utility to the veterinari...
2,121,713,845,032
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since Haider and Liu postulated a possible existence of $\eta$-mesic nuclei~\cite{HaiderLiu1}, many experimental groups performed measurements dedicated to search for the new kind of nuclear matter in which the $\eta$ meson is bound within a nucleus via the strong interaction. However, till now,...
2,121,713,845,033
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{daptive} filtering applications such as channel equalization, noise removal or echo cancellation utilize a certain statistical measure of the error signal\footnote{Time index appears as a subscript.} $e_t$ denoting the difference between the desired signal $d_t$ and the es...
2,121,713,845,034
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} In recent years, the class-S construction \cite{Gaiotto:2009hg,Gaiotto:2009we} has yielded a wealth of information about 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric field theories and their superconformal fixed points. Generically, $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs come in families, where the exac...
2,121,713,845,035
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and motivation} Symmetries can greatly enrich gapped phases of quantum matter. In condensed matter systems, crystalline symmetries of lattice systems are among the most common symmetries, besides a few internal symmetries such as charge or spin conservations and time rever...
2,121,713,845,036
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The term cultural heritage includes tangible heritage, which can be further specified in \emph{i)} movable (such as paintings, sculptures, coins); \emph{ii)} immovable (such as monuments, archaeological sites), and intangible heritage, such as traditions and performing arts~\cite{maietti2018enhan...
2,121,713,845,037
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The cosmological particle production that occurs in early universe models, because of the changing space-time metric, could be a relevant source for entropy generation. In this respect, work has been done introducing an entropy measure that increases as the quantum field that represents these pa...
2,121,713,845,038
arxiv
\section{Motivation}\label{Sect_Mot} The main topic of this article are $\rho$-saturating sets of the Desarguesian projective space $\textnormal{PG}(\n,q)$. A $\rho$-saturating set of $\textnormal{PG}(\n,q)$ is a point set $\mathcal{S}$ such that any point of $\textnormal{PG}(\n,q)$ lies in a subspace of dimension ...
2,121,713,845,039
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} Magnetars are neutron stars powered by their strong internal magnetic fields \citep{duncan1992}. The detailed study of the temporal behaviour of magnetar's emission can be used to constrain both their external dipolar magnetic field and internal structure \citep{kouve1998,glitches}. Despite the...
2,121,713,845,040
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are a variety of ``sliding blocks'' puzzles whose time complexity has been analyzed. One class, typified by the 15-puzzle so heavily studied in AI, permits an outside agent to move the blocks. Another class falls more under the guise of motion planning. Here a robot or internal agent plans ...